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Tran TPT, Vu TT, Li Y, Popova L. Tobacco and Alcohol Content in Top Vietnamese YouTube Music Videos: Content Analysis. J Med Internet Res 2024; 26:e55555. [PMID: 39514854 DOI: 10.2196/55555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 10/02/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seeing portrayals of tobacco and alcohol in music videos (MVs) may reduce perceived risks, increase susceptibility, and lead to the initiation of tobacco and alcohol use among adolescents and young adults. Previous studies have predominantly concentrated on assessing tobacco and alcohol contents in English-language MVs within Western countries. However, many other countries have not only been influenced by the English music market but have also produced music in their native languages, and this content remains underexamined. OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the prevalence of tobacco- and alcohol-related content in top Vietnamese MVs on YouTube from 2013 to 2021, to describe how tobacco and alcohol are portrayed in these MVs, and to examine associations between these portrayals and MV characteristics. METHODS A total of 410 Vietnamese MVs, including the top 40 or 50 most viewed released each year between 2013 and 2021, were analyzed. General information, such as the song name, its release date and ranking, age restriction, musical genre, and type of MV, was collected. We examined tobacco and alcohol content in the MVs, with specific details such as tobacco types, their brands, as well as the number, age, sex, and roles of individuals smoking or drinking. RESULTS Among the 410 MVs, 36 (8.8%) contained tobacco-related content and 136 (33.2%) featured alcohol-related content. Additionally, 28 (6.8%) out of 410 MVs included both tobacco and alcohol content. The prevalence of videos with tobacco and alcohol content fluctuated over the years. In MVs with tobacco-related content, a higher proportion of hip-hop or rap songs contained tobacco-related content (n=6, 30%) compared to other music genres. In MVs with tobacco-related content, cigarettes were the most frequently shown product (n=28, 77.8%), and smoking scenes were often depicted at parties (n=13, 36.1%) and during dancing and singing scenes (n=12, 33.3%). Among the 31 MVs portraying actual tobacco use, tobacco use was typically depicted with 1 person, often a young adult male, while 38.7% (n=12) showed singer(s) smoking. For MVs with alcohol-related content, there was a high proportion showing alcohol images at parties, bars, or pubs (n=96, 70.6%). Among 87 MVs containing drinking scenes, 60.9% (n=53) involved groups of young adults of both sexes, and 64% (n=56) depicted singers drinking. Additionally, only 2 (5.6%) MVs included health warnings about tobacco harm, and 2 MVs (1.5%) included warnings about drinking restricted to individuals 18 years and above. CONCLUSIONS The notable prevalence of tobacco and alcohol content in leading Vietnamese YouTube MVs raises concerns, especially as most of this content is portrayed without any warnings. The study underscores a regulatory gap in addressing such content on the internet, emphasizing the urgent need for stricter regulations and age restrictions on platforms such as YouTube.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Phuong Thao Tran
- School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thu Trang Vu
- Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Yachao Li
- The College of New Jersey, Ewing Township, NJ, United States
| | - Lucy Popova
- School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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Marinelli L, Lucht P, Saitis C. A multimodal understanding of the role of sound and music in gendered toy marketing. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0311876. [PMID: 39504306 PMCID: PMC11540170 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0311876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/25/2024] [Indexed: 11/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Literature in music theory and psychology shows that, even in isolation, musical sounds can reliably encode gender-loaded messages. Musical material can be imbued with many ideological dimensions and gender is just one of them. Nonetheless, studies of the gendering of music within multimodal communicative events are sparse and lack an encompassing theoretical framework. The present study attempts to address this literature gap by employing a critical quantitative analysis of music in gendered toy marketing, which integrated a content analytical approach with multimodal affective and music-focused perceptual responses. Ratings were collected on a set of 606 commercials spanning a ten-year time frame and strong gender polarization was observed in nearly all of the collected variables. Gendered music styles in toy commercials exhibit synergistic design choices, as music in masculine-targeted adverts was substantially more abrasive-louder, more inharmonious, and more distorted-than in feminine-targeted ones. Thus, toy advertising music appeared deliberately and consistently in line with traditional gender norms. In addition, music perceptual scales and voice-related content analytical variables explain quite well the heavily polarized affective ratings. This study presents a empirical understanding of the gendering of music as constructed within multimodal discourse, reiterating the importance of the sociocultural underpinnings of music cognition. We provided a public repository with all code and data necessary to reproduce the results of this study on github.com/marinelliluca/music-role-gender-marketing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Marinelli
- Centre for Digital Music, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Petra Lucht
- Center for Interdisciplinary Women’s and Gender Studies, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Charalampos Saitis
- Centre for Digital Music, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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Gunning JN, Romann LR, Hintz EA. Framing Chronic Pain in U.S. News Coverage of the Opioid Epidemic (2012-2022). HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2024; 39:3122-3133. [PMID: 38214153 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2024.2304494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Chronic pain, pain persisting longer than six months, afflicts 20% of the U.S. population and is the leading cause of disability. To manage pain, many chronic pain patients (CPPs) and healthcare providers turn to opioids, prescription medications that block pain signals and offer relief. However, in light of the U.S.' ongoing opioid epidemic, CPPs without a history of opioid use disorder (OUD) are facing increased stigma when seeking opioid medication. Further, many have been forced to taper their therapeutic dose due to updated Centers for Disease Control and Prevention prescribing guidelines in 2016 and 2022, with a range of (adverse) outcomes. Though research has explored experiences of chronic pain and OUD independently, few studies have explored how media coverage of the opioid epidemic has shaped representations, and resulting stereotypes, of CPPs. Guided by framing theory, this content analysis examines sources' characterization of CPPs amidst a decade of U.S. news coverage of the opioid epidemic (N = 492). Findings identify four dominant news frames, including two novel frames termed culpability and strategy, and elements (i.e., characters, significant events) that comprise these frames. When discussed, CPPs were ascribed the identity of a drug-seeking addict 82% of the time. Collectively, this study provides insight as to how news media coverage of the opioid epidemic influence(d) public perceptions of chronic pain (patients). Findings offer theoretical and practical implications for media outlets, policymakers, CPPs and healthcare providers, as well as highlighting how use of opioids for pain management does not equate to abuse of opioids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lili R Romann
- Department of Communication, University of Connecticut
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Miller AN, Duvuuri VNS, Vishanagra K, Damarla A, Hsiao D, Todd A, Toledo R. The Relationship of Race/Ethnicity Concordance to Physician-Patient Communication: A Mixed-Methods Systematic Review. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2024; 39:1543-1557. [PMID: 37338139 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2023.2223402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
The concept of race or ethnic concordance between health care provider and patient has emerged as a dimension of the patient-physician relationship that could influence health outcomes for patients from minoritized groups, particularly through differences in the way physicians communicate with patients based on race or ethnicity. However, two decades of study on concordance and physician-patient communication have produced contradictory results. Given the heightened societal awareness of racism and the persistence of health disparities, there is a need for a comprehensive review of the current state of knowledge. This review sets out to determine how communication patterns differ in race/ethnicity concordant versus discordant patient-physician medical encounters. Thirty-three studies employing a range of methodologies were identified. In most analyses, after accounting for covariates, no relationship was found between race/ethnicity concordance and communication variables. Race/ethnicity concordance with their physician does not appear to influence the quality of communication for most patients from minoritized groups. A number of methodological weaknesses were identified in existing research, among them: few studies investigated potential explanatory variables, the heterogeneity of ethnic and cultural experience was over-simplified, there was little consistency in operationalization of communication variables, and the physician-patient dynamic was inadequately conceptualized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Neville Miller
- Nicholson School of Communication and Media, University of Central Florida
| | | | - Kishan Vishanagra
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida
| | - Akhila Damarla
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida
| | - Diana Hsiao
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida
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Clarke LL, Hine B, England D, Flew PPMS, Alzahri R, Juriansz SN, Garcia MJBC. The gendered behaviors displayed by Disney protagonists. FRONTIERS IN SOCIOLOGY 2024; 9:1338900. [PMID: 38770351 PMCID: PMC11102966 DOI: 10.3389/fsoc.2024.1338900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Previous research suggests that the portrayal of male and female protagonists in Disney animations may be changing over time. The current study examined the portrayal of gendered behaviors displayed within some of Disney's most successful animated feature length films, including those beyond the Disney princess franchise. Extending the scope of the Disney animated films analyzed was important because both young girls and young boys report little personal interest in male characters within the Disney princess animations. This suggests that it is important to look beyond the Disney princess franchise to understand the gendered behaviors displayed by potentially influential male Disney protagonists. The current study also considered a greater number of masculine and feminine behaviors as well as some gender-neutral traits which had yet to be incorporated. A quantitative content analysis of 39 Disney protagonists from films released between 1937 and 2021 was conducted. The results revealed that male and female protagonists were statistically higher in feminine than masculine traits. Female protagonists from the earliest animations were the most feminine. However, there was no statistical difference in the gendered portrayals of females in the animations released in the 1990s and those released from 2009 to 2021 suggesting some continued stereotyping in females' profiles. Alternatively, male characters were more feminine relatively consistently across time-points. This study concludes that Disney is persistently portraying stereotyped female protagonists, and this could have implications on young females' behavioral profiles. However, the extent to which feminine traits are being celebrated when displayed by male protagonists needs to be examined, as well as the potential relationship between such messages and boys' behaviors and children's conceptualizations of gender more broadly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy L. Clarke
- Department of Psychology, University of West London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Hine
- Department of Psychology, University of West London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dawn England
- Department of Education, University of Birmingham, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Ritaj Alzahri
- School of Health and Education, Middlesex University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Ma. J. B. C. Garcia
- School of Health and Education, Middlesex University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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Sarani A, Tavan A, Bahaadinbeigy K, Aminzadeh M, Moradi SM, Khademipour G, Farahmandnia H. Identifying mitigation strategies of comprehensive health centers against dust hazard: a qualitative study in Iran. BMC Emerg Med 2024; 24:72. [PMID: 38658837 PMCID: PMC11044318 DOI: 10.1186/s12873-024-00993-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to dust can disrupt healthcare services and severely affect all activity domains of the health system. The aim of this study was to explore mitigation strategies for comprehensive health centers against dust hazard. METHOD The present study was conducted using a qualitative design with a conventional content analysis approach in 2023. The participants in this study were managers and staff of comprehensive health centers and experts in health in disasters and emergencies in Kerman, Bam, Regan, and Ahvaz. Data were collected through interviews. Data collection continued until data saturation. The collected data were analyzed based on the steps proposed by Graneheim and Lundman. Participants' statements, after recording and transcribing, were categorized into semantic units. Data were analyzed by using MAXQDA software version 2020. RESULTS The analysis of the data with 23 participants revealed 106 Codes, 13 sub- categories and 5 main categories including: (A) reducing the impact of dust hazards, (B) management functions, (C) empowerment and performance improvement, (D) maintaining and promoting safety, and (E) Inter-sectoral coordination to implement mitigation strategies. CONCLUSION The findings showed that the mitigation strategies and solutions can be used by health policymakers and planners to reduce the impact of dust hazard, empower and motivate healthcare staff, develop training protocols to enhance risk perception of the staff and members of the community, create the necessary infrastructure for adoption of effective mitigation strategies in healthcare centers to create resilience and continue service delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Sarani
- Health Services Management Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Asghar Tavan
- Health in Disasters and Emergencies Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Kambiz Bahaadinbeigy
- The Australian College of Rural and Remote Medicine, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Medical Informatics Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohsen Aminzadeh
- Health in Disasters and Emergencies Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Seyed Mobin Moradi
- Health in Disasters and Emergencies Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Khademipour
- Health in Disasters and Emergencies Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hojjat Farahmandnia
- Health in Disasters and Emergencies Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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Hollowell A, Swartz J, Myers E, Erkanli A, Hu C, Shin A, Bentley-Edwards K. Telemedicine services in higher education: a review of college and university websites. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024; 72:548-553. [PMID: 35298352 PMCID: PMC9481978 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2047703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify rates of telemedicine provision during the COVID-19 pandemic and predictive institutional factors among 4-year and graduate colleges and universities. PARTICIPANTS The study (n = 364) included the websites (.edu) of accredited public nonprofit, private nonprofit, and private for-profit institutions of higher education in the United States that award bachelors, masters, or doctoral degrees. METHODS Using digital content analysis, human coders analyzed institution websites for informational text indicating student telemedicine services. RESULTS Findings indicate that a minority of 4-year and above institutions offer telemedicine access. Institution type, institution size, and the presence of campus student health services were predictive. Endowment size and Minority Serving Institution status were not predictive. CONCLUSION This study illustrates the ongoing need for increased access to remote health services across higher education, especially among smaller private and public nonprofit colleges and universities and all private for-profit institutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Hollowell
- Samuel DuBois Cook Center on Social Equity, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Jonas Swartz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Evan Myers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Al Erkanli
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Clarice Hu
- Trinity College, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Andrew Shin
- Trinity College, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
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Orshak J, Ondoma C, Johnson HM, Lauver D. Women Veterans' Barriers to Care-Seeking for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention. Nurs Res 2024; 73:26-36. [PMID: 38064302 DOI: 10.1097/nnr.0000000000000684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women veterans have a high prevalence of traditional and nontraditional risks for cardiovascular disease (CVD) including obesity and posttraumatic stress disorder. Experts from the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs have called for actions to improve the cardiovascular health of this population. One approach is to assess women veterans' barriers to care-seeking for CVD prevention, to inform future intervention research. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to describe women veterans' barriers to care-seeking for CVD prevention, guided by the theory of care-seeking behavior and concept awareness. METHODS Using a cross-sectional, descriptive design, a national sample of 245 women veterans participated in an online survey about barriers to care-seeking. Participants provided narrative responses to open-ended items, endorsements to closed-ended items, and rankings of their top five barriers. Researchers conducted poststratification weighting of numerical data to reflect the women veteran population. RESULTS Narrative responses described unaffordable and inaccessible services, feeling harassed or not respected in healthcare settings, and lack of awareness of risks for CVD. Frequently endorsed barriers were unaffordable and inaccessible services. Frequently ranked barriers were feeling not respected in healthcare settings and clinicians not recommending CVD prevention. DISCUSSION Findings support concepts in theory of care-seeking behavior and concept awareness. Understanding women veterans' barriers to care-seeking for CVD prevention can inform clinicians and researchers as they address these barriers.
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Liu CH, Wong TC, Chung M, Bai CH, Chen YC. Sugar labeling information and online marketing strategies for hand-shaken tea drinks in northern Taiwan. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1273713. [PMID: 38035354 PMCID: PMC10682441 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1273713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) are the main cause of excessive sugar intake and increased health risks. Food companies usually use social media to market SSBs in order to increase consumers' purchase intentions. To reduce excessive added sugar consumption from hand-shaken tea drinks, Taiwan has implemented a mandatory policy requiring clear sugar content labeling. This study aimed to investigate the sugar label information and online marketing strategies for hand-shaken tea drinks in northern Taiwan. Methods In this cross-sectional study, content analysis was employed to investigate the sugar labeling information and the current situation of online marketing in hand-shaken tea drink brands based in northern Taiwan. Seventy-two hand-shaken tea drink brands' stores were visited to record their sugar labeling presentation methods, with brands lacking labeling, presenting incomplete labeling, or not offering customized sugar levels being excluded, resulting in 60 brands being chosen for the subsequent data collection process. The sugar and energy contents in 1,581 hand-shaken tea drinks were recorded and calculated. Subsequently, the sugar contents were assessed in accordance with World Health Organization (WHO) sugar recommendations (25 g/day), warning label criteria, and Taiwan's regulations for low-sugar packaged beverages. Seven brands that had high online impressions were further selected and their marketing strategies in 560 Facebook posts were analyzed. Results The presentation methods of labeling varied among the 60 brands, and only 42 brands had obvious and easily accessible labeling. The most common labeling presentation method was posters (n = 28). After converting the sugar content of half-sugar and low-sugar hand-shaken tea drinks, it was found that 60.2% of half-sugar beverages and 13.0% of low-sugar beverages exceeded 25 g of sugar per cup. Over 90% of brands had Facebook and Instagram accounts. The top marketing strategies for tea drink brands on Facebook were specific beverage information, brand information, and nutrition and health marketing. Most posts promoted sugar-sweetened beverages. Conclusion Not all hand-shaken tea drink brands in this study followed Taiwan's labeling regulations. Moreover, high sugar contents in hand-shaken tea drinks labeled as half-sugar and low-sugar could potentially lead people to unconsciously consume excessive amounts of sugar. Future research should explore the impact of online marketing strategies on SSBs consumption behavior and ways to mitigate it among the Taiwanese public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Hsuan Liu
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Te-Chih Wong
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei Chung
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
| | - Chyi-Huey Bai
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Chen
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Mafuba K, Kiernan J, Chapman HM, Kupara D, Kudita C, Chester R. Understanding the contribution of intellectual disability nurses. Paper 2 of 4 - Survey. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES : JOID 2023:17446295231213434. [PMID: 37956695 DOI: 10.1177/17446295231213434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The objective was to identify ID nursing interventions and their impact on the health and healthcare of people with IDs. Data was collected using an online survey questionnaire from a voluntary response and snowball sample of 230 participants. Thematic, descriptive statistical, and inferential statistical analyses were undertaken. We identified 878 interventions that could be undertaken by ID nurses from 7 countries. We categorised the interventions into five themes: effectuating nursing procedures, enhancing impact of ID services, enhancing impact of mainstream services, enhancing quality of life, and enhancing ID nursing practice. Findings demonstrate that ID nurses play important roles in improving the health and healthcare experiences of people with IDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joann Kiernan
- Edge Hill University and Alder Hey Children's Hospital, UK
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Luft H, Brown R, Lauver D. A hybrid type 2 effectiveness-implementation design to evaluate a community-based, heart-healthy intervention for women of low socio-economic status. Appl Nurs Res 2023; 71:151686. [PMID: 37179069 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnr.2023.151686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women of low socioeconomic status continue to experience a disproportionate burden of cardiovascular disease. To respond to their unique needs, we adapted the intervention and implementation strategy of an effective theory-based psychoeducational intervention for improving heart-healthy behaviors. Study aims were to evaluate implementation (i.e., reach, fidelity, acceptability, appropriateness) and effectiveness (i.e., perceived stress, common physical symptoms in primary care, physical activity, diet) of the adapted program we called mySTEPS. METHOD We used a hybrid type 2 effectiveness-implementation approach. To evaluate implementation, we conducted a process evaluation using data from research records, observation rubrics, and pre-/post-intervention surveys. To evaluate potential effectiveness, we used a one-group, pre-/post-test design with three, sequential offerings (16 weeks each) in unique settings, used standardized, quantitative measures at 8 weeks post-intervention, and calculated effect sizes. RESULTS Forty-two women were included in the evaluation. For reach, 66 % and 61 % of participants attended adequate numbers of educational and coaching sessions. Supporting fidelity of delivery, nurse implementers addressed 85-98 % of required criteria. Supporting fidelity of receipt, participants' pre- to post- knowledge scores increased and other scores revealed that nurse-implementers had interacted supportively throughout mySTEPS. Participants rated the acceptability and appropriateness of components positively. Effect-sizes revealed moderate decreases in stress, moderate increases in physical activity, and modest decreases in the number of physical symptoms. Dietary scores did not change. CONCLUSIONS The effectiveness and implementation of mySTEPS were positive overall. After strengthening the dietary component, more extensive evaluation of mySTEPS can be conducted to explain mechanisms of action. MESH HEADINGS Health behavior, prevention, self-determination theory, self-regulation theory, cardiovascular diseases, implementation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Luft
- School of Nursing, University of Texas Medical Branch, United States.
| | - Roger Brown
- School of Nursing, School of Medicine & Public Health, Wisconsin-Madison, United States
| | - Diane Lauver
- School of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States
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Mausz J, Donnelly EA. Violence Against Paramedics: Protocol for Evaluating 2 Years of Reports Through a Novel, Point-of-Event Reporting Process. JMIR Res Protoc 2023; 12:e37636. [PMID: 36928257 PMCID: PMC10131719 DOI: 10.2196/37636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Violence against paramedics has been described as a serious public health problem with the potential for significant physical and psychological harm, but the organizational culture within the profession encourages paramedics to consider violence as just "part of the job." Therefore, most incidents of violence are never formally documented. This limits the ability of researchers and policy makers to develop strategies that mitigate the risk and enhance paramedic safety. OBJECTIVE Following the development and implementation of a novel, point-of-event violence reporting process in February 2021, our objectives are to (1) estimate the prevalence of violence and generate a descriptive profile for incidents of reported violence; (2) identify potentially high-risk service calls based on characteristics of calls that are generally known to the responding paramedics at the point of dispatch; and (3) explore underpinning themes, including intolerance based on gender, race, and sexual orientation, that contribute to incidents of violence. METHODS Our work is situated in a single paramedic service in Ontario, Canada. Using a convergent parallel mixed methods approach, we will retrospectively review 2 years of quantitative and qualitative data gathered from the External Violence Incident Report (EVIR) system from February 1 2021 through February 28, 2023. The EVIR is a point-of-event reporting mechanism embedded in the electronic patient care record (ePCR) developed through an extensive stakeholder engagement process. When completing an ePCR, paramedics are prompted to file an EVIR if they experienced violence on the call. Our methods include using descriptive statistics to estimate the prevalence of violence and describe the characteristics of reported incidents (Objective 1), logistic regression modeling to identify high-risk service calls (Objective 2), and qualitative content analysis of incident report narratives to identify underpinning themes that contribute to violence (Objective 3). RESULTS As of January 1, 2023, 377 paramedics-approximately 1 in 5 active-duty paramedics in the service-have filed a total of 975 violence reports. Early analysis suggests 40% of reports involved a physical assault on the reporting paramedic. Our team is continuing to collect data with more fulsome analyses beginning in March 2023. Our findings will provide much-needed epidemiological data on the prevalence of violence against paramedics in a single paramedic service, its contributing themes, and potential risk factors. CONCLUSIONS Our findings will contribute to a growing body of literature demonstrating that violence against paramedics is a complex problem that requires a nuanced understanding of its scope, risk factors, and contributing circumstances. Collectively, our research will inform larger, multisite prospective studies already in the planning stage and inform organizational strategies to mitigate the risk of harm from violence. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/37636.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Mausz
- Peel Regional Paramedic Services, Brampton, ON, Canada
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“It’s Getting Difficult to Be a Straight White Man”: Bundled Masculinity Grievances on Reddit. SEX ROLES 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11199-022-01344-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Schmid KM, Lee D, Weindling M, Syed A, Agyemang SLY, Donovan B, Radick G, Smith MK. Mendelian or Multifactorial? Current Undergraduate Genetics Assessments Focus on Genes and Rarely Include the Environment. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY & BIOLOGY EDUCATION 2022; 23:e00093-22. [PMID: 36532204 PMCID: PMC9753719 DOI: 10.1128/jmbe.00093-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Undergraduate genetics courses have historically focused on simple genetic models, rather than taking a more multifactorial approach where students explore how traits are influenced by a combination of genes, the environment, and gene-by-environment interactions. While a focus on simple genetic models can provide straightforward examples to promote student learning, they do not match the current scientific understanding and can result in deterministic thinking among students. In addition, undergraduates are often interested in complex human traits that are influenced by the environment, and national curriculum standards include learning objectives that focus on multifactorial concepts. This research aims to discover to what extent multifactorial genetics is currently being assessed in undergraduate genetics courses. To address this, we analyzed over 1,000 assessment questions from a commonly used undergraduate genetics textbook; published concept assessments; and open-source, peer-reviewed curriculum materials. Our findings show that current genetics assessment questions overwhelmingly emphasize the impact of genes on phenotypes and that the effect of the environment is rarely addressed. These results indicate a need for the inclusion of more multifactorial genetics concepts, and we suggest ways to introduce them into undergraduate courses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M. Schmid
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Dennis Lee
- BSCS Science Learning, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Awais Syed
- BSCS Science Learning, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Brian Donovan
- BSCS Science Learning, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA
| | - Gregory Radick
- School of Philosophy, Religion and History of Science, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle K. Smith
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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15
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Picturing Sexual Agency: A Visual Content Analysis of Adults’ Sexual Stereotypes of Young Women. SEX ROLES 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11199-022-01336-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Whitenack LB, Mickley BL, Saltzman J, Kajiura SM, Macdonald CC, Shiffman DS. A content analysis of 32 years of Shark Week documentaries. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0256842. [PMID: 36327262 PMCID: PMC9632781 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite evidence of their importance to marine ecosystems, at least 32% of all chondrichthyan species are estimated or assessed as threatened with extinction. In addition to the logistical difficulties of effectively conserving wide-ranging marine species, shark conservation is believed to have been hindered in the past by public perceptions of sharks as dangerous to humans. Shark Week is a high-profile, international programming event that has potentially enormous influence on public perceptions of sharks, shark research, shark researchers, and shark conservation. However, Shark Week has received regular criticism for poor factual accuracy, fearmongering, bias, and inaccurate representations of science and scientists. This research analyzes the content and titles of Shark Week episodes across its entire 32 years of programming to determine if there are trends in species covered, research techniques featured, expert identity, conservation messaging, type of programming, and portrayal of sharks. We analyzed titles from 272 episodes (100%) of Shark Week programming and the content of all available (201; 73.9%) episodes. Our data demonstrate that the majority of episodes are not focused on shark bites, although such shows are common and many Shark Week programs frame sharks around fear, risk, and adrenaline. While criticisms of disproportionate attention to particular charismatic species (e.g. great whites, bull sharks, and tiger sharks) are accurate and supported by data, 79 shark species have been featured briefly at least once. Shark Week's depictions of research and of experts are biased towards a small set of (typically visual and expensive) research methodologies and (mostly white, mostly male) experts, including presentation of many white male non-scientists as scientific experts. While sharks are more often portrayed negatively than positively, limited conservation messaging does appear in 53% of episodes analyzed. Results suggest that as a whole, while Shark Week is likely contributing to the collective public perception of sharks as bad, even relatively small alterations to programming decisions could substantially improve the presentation of sharks and shark science and conservation issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa B. Whitenack
- Departments of Biology & Geology, Allegheny College, Meadville, Pennsylvania, United States of America,* E-mail:
| | - Brady L. Mickley
- Department of Environmental Science, Allegheny College, Meadville, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Julia Saltzman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, United States of America,Field School, Coconut Grove, Florida, United States of America,University of Miami Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Stephen M. Kajiura
- Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, United States of America
| | - Catherine C. Macdonald
- Field School, Coconut Grove, Florida, United States of America,University of Miami Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - David S. Shiffman
- Arizona State University New College of Interdisciplinary Arts and Science, Glendale, Arizona, United States of America
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17
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Abreu RL, Townsend D, Mitchell Y, Ward J, Audette L, Gonzalez KA. LGBTQ Qualitative and Mixed Methods Research in Counseling Psychology: A Content Analysis. COUNSELING PSYCHOLOGIST 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/00110000221092481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Given that qualitative and mixed methods have been used to address social justice issues, counseling psychologists have been drawn to these research designs to advance knowledge in the field. However, qualitative and mixed methods are rarely used in counseling psychology to examine the experiences of LGBTQ individuals. This content analysis reviewed all qualitative and mixed methods studies conducted with LGBTQ individuals between 2009 and 2019 in three leading counseling psychology journals. Results from 24 studies revealed: (a) an increase in LGBTQ-related topics; (b) an overreliance in grounded theory as a research design, diverse analytical approaches, overreliance on semi-structure interviews, and increased disclosure of reflexivity and trustworthiness; and (c) an overwhelming representation of White, cisgender, gay and lesbian, middle class, college educated, English-speaking, Christian, mainland United States residents. We pose a call to action for the next decade of qualitative and mixed methods research with LGBTQ individuals in counseling psychology.
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18
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Ray King K, Fuselier L, Sirvisetty H. LGBTQIA+ invisibility in nursing anatomy/physiology textbooks. J Prof Nurs 2021; 37:816-827. [PMID: 34742510 DOI: 10.1016/j.profnurs.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Members of the LGBTQIA+ experience health disparities that are compounded by providers that lack cultural competence, i.e., the skills, attitudes, and knowledge to offer culturally sensitive care. Educational efforts focus on increasing LGBTQIA+ representation across undergraduate nursing curricula and the recruitment and retention of members of this community into nursing programs. However, the ways that classroom materials represent LGBTQIA+ people can perpetuate social norms rather than accurate scientific understandings, thus limiting students' development of cultural competence while also driving LGBTQIA+ students from nursing. This study performs a content analysis for LGBTQIA+ inclusion in four widely adopted undergraduate nursing anatomy/physiology textbooks. We identify specific social beliefs that exclude LGBTQIA+ people and compare the different ways these manifested in each of the four textbooks. We argue that the way these books represent LGBTQIA+ people violate the fundamental ethical principles of nursing. Based on our findings, we challenge educators to consider the impact that language, images, and other classroom materials have on LGBTQIA+ students and all students' ability to develop cultural competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Ray King
- Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Life Sciences Building #139, Louisville, KY 40208, USA.
| | - Linda Fuselier
- Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Life Sciences Building #139, Louisville, KY 40208, USA.
| | - Harshini Sirvisetty
- Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Life Sciences Building #139, Louisville, KY 40208, USA.
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19
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Endendijk JJ. Welcome to a Pink and Blue World! An Analysis of Gender-Typed Content in Birth Announcement Cards From 1940–2019 in the Netherlands. SEX ROLES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11199-021-01249-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThere is a longstanding tradition in the Netherlands to announce the birth of a child by sending out birth announcement cards to friends and family. These cards provide a glimpse of the ‘zeitgeist’ over the years regarding gender through the way in which the birth of a son or a daughter is announced. The current study examined the gender-typed content of birth announcement cards from 1940 until 2019. To this end, 4669 birth announcement cards were coded based on the following categories: gender of baby, use of color, different types of images, and different types of text. Logistic regression analyses revealed that boy cards were more likely than girl cards to include blue as the dominant color, masculine descriptions of the baby, and parental expressions of pride. Girl cards were more likely than boy cards to include pink as the dominant color and images of flowers. Over time there was a decrease in the inclusion of masculine descriptions on boy cards, as well as the likelihood that fathers were mentioned before mothers. However, the expression of pride on boy cards increased over time. Overall, the amount of gender-typed content in birth announcement cards was minimal. Birth announcement cards which included gender-typed content tended to reflect gender stereotypes and different expressions for boys and girls in subtle ways that continue to reinforce gender stereotypes.
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20
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Lim CCW, Leung J, Chung JYC, Sun T, Gartner C, Connor J, Hall W, Chiu V, Tisdale C, Stjepanović D, Chan G. Content analysis of cannabis vaping videos on YouTube. Addiction 2021; 116:2443-2453. [PMID: 33561317 DOI: 10.1111/add.15424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS There has been an increase in the potency of cannabis during the last two decades and adoption of a novel method of administration-vaping. YouTube, a social media platform, has become a popular source to access cannabis-related information. This study aimed to identify cannabis vaping YouTube videos from 2016 to 2020 and examine the themes and metrics. DESIGN Cross-sectional sample of 200 YouTube videos. SETTING YouTube, an on-line video sharing platform. MEASUREMENTS Videos related to cannabis vaping were identified using the search terms: 'vaping cannabis', 'vaping weed', 'vaping marijuana' and 'vaping THC' [tetrahydrocannabinol]. Videos were independently coded by two researchers. The number of views, likes, dislikes and comments were also collected. Robust regression was used to analyse the relationship between identified video themes and video metrics. FINDINGS Six themes were identified: 'advertisement', 'product review', 'celebratory', 'reflective', 'how-to' and 'warning'. The 'how-to' and 'celebratory' videos received the highest number of views and likes. The most popular video was viewed more than 4 000 000 times. Many videos portrayed risky behaviour (e.g. vaping a whole THC cartridge in a single setting). Fifty-two percent of these videos had no age access restrictions. The robust regression model also found that engagement metric was positively associated with 'reflective' videos and negatively associated with 'advertisement' videos. CONCLUSIONS A large number of videos on cannabis vaping are available on-line without age-restriction. Videos that portrayed risky behaviour appear to be prevalent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen C W Lim
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.,School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Janni Leung
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.,School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Jack Yiu Chak Chung
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.,School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Tianze Sun
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.,School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Coral Gartner
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia.,Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Jason Connor
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.,Discipline of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Wayne Hall
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.,Discipline of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia.,National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Vivian Chiu
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.,School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Calvert Tisdale
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Daniel Stjepanović
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Gary Chan
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
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21
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To be (different) or not to be: The role of gender in constructing diplomatic speeches. WOMENS STUDIES INTERNATIONAL FORUM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wsif.2021.102506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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22
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Hargons CN, Dogan J, Malone N, Thorpe S, Mosley DV, Stevens-Watkins D. Balancing the sexology scales: a content analysis of Black women's sexuality research. CULTURE, HEALTH & SEXUALITY 2021; 23:1287-1301. [PMID: 32744470 PMCID: PMC7855161 DOI: 10.1080/13691058.2020.1776399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Existing research adopting a sex positive and intersectional framework for investigating Black women's sexualities is scarce. We conducted a 46-year (1972-2018) content analysis of sexualities research focussed on Black women. It sought to examine which sexualities topics were published most; whether the publications aligned with sex-positive, neutral or negative discourse; what methodologies were used; and differences in how various identities were investigated among Black women. Using human coding, we applied an integrative approach to the content analysis. Results found 245 articles meeting criteria. Approximately one-third of articles within the analysis focussed on the topic of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), HIV and sexual risk behaviours among Black women. Only 6.5% of articles utilised a sex-positive discourse. Quantitative articles were the most published methodology, and publications disproportionately overlooked Black women's intersectional identities. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice Nicole Hargons
- Department of Educational, School and Counseling Psychology, University of Kentucky Lexington, KY, USA
- Corresponding Author: Candice Nicole Hargons
| | - Jardin Dogan
- Department of Educational, School and Counseling Psychology, University of Kentucky Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Natalie Malone
- Department of Educational, School and Counseling Psychology, University of Kentucky Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Shemeka Thorpe
- Department of Public Health Education, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensbo, NC, USA
| | - Della V. Mosley
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Danelle Stevens-Watkins
- Department of Educational, School and Counseling Psychology, University of Kentucky Lexington, KY, USA
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23
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Willis M, Murray KN, Jozkowski KN. Sexual Consent in Committed Relationships: A Dyadic Study. JOURNAL OF SEX & MARITAL THERAPY 2021; 47:669-686. [PMID: 34279182 PMCID: PMC9196330 DOI: 10.1080/0092623x.2021.1937417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sexual consent is a multidimensional construct that requires the participation of all involved in a sexual encounter; however, previous research has almost exclusively relied on one person's perspective. To address this, we collected open- and closed-ended data on sexual consent from 37 dyads in committed sexual relationships (N = 74). We found that relationship length was associated with sexual consent and couples who accurately perceived each other's consent communication cues reported elevated levels of internal consent feelings. Communicating willingness to engage in sexual activity remains important even within committed relationships. Preliminary findings suggest that further investigations of dyadic nuances of sexual consent are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malachi Willis
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Kelli N. Murray
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Kristen N. Jozkowski
- Department of Applied Health Science and the Kinsey Institute for Research in Sex, Gender and Reproduction, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
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24
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Fullen MC, Chan CD, Jordan J, Dobmeier RA, Gorby S. Gerontological Counseling Trends in
Adultspan Journal
: 1999–2019. ADULTSPAN JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsp.12102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Robert A. Dobmeier
- Department of Counselor Education, The College at Brockport State University of New York
| | - Sean Gorby
- Department of Counselor Education Capital University
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25
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26
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Willis M, Canan SN, Jozkowski KN, Bridges AJ. Sexual Consent Communication in Best-Selling Pornography Films: A Content Analysis. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2020; 57:52-63. [PMID: 31483169 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2019.1655522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Even though young people report learning about sex from pornography, most do not think this sexual medium teaches them about sexual consent communication. But research shows that people are also able to evaluate pornography as consensual or not. Therefore, we proposed that pornography depicts subtle sexual scripts regarding sexual consent communication. We conducted a content analysis of 50 20-minute segments within best-selling pornographic films from 2015. We systematically coded the presence of various consent communication cues in these films. Consent communication was often depicted; nonverbal cues were more frequent than verbal cues. We found that the films either directly or indirectly supported several sexual scripts: Explicit Verbal Consent Isn't Natural, Women are Indirect/Men are Direct, Sex Can Happen Without Ongoing Communication, Lower-Order Behaviors Don't Need Explicit Consent, and People Receiving Sexual Behaviors Can Consent by Doing Nothing. Further research is needed to examine whether viewers are acquiring, activating, or applying these scripts. Sex education programs could benefit from acknowledging how consent communication is modeled in pornography and by teaching about pornography literacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malachi Willis
- Department of Health, Human Performance, & Recreation, University of Arkansas
| | - Sasha N Canan
- Department of Health and Physical Education, Monmouth University
| | - Kristen N Jozkowski
- Department of Applied Health Science, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University
| | - Ana J Bridges
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Arkansas
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27
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McKibben WB, Borders LD, Wahesh E. Factors Influencing Supervisee Perceptions of Critical Feedback Validity. COUNSELOR EDUCATION AND SUPERVISION 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ceas.12155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - L. DiAnne Borders
- Department of Counseling and Educational DevelopmentThe University of North Carolina at Greensboro
| | - Edward Wahesh
- Department of Education and CounselingVillanova University
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28
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Fullen MC, Gorby S, Chan CD, Dobmeier RA, Jordan J. The Current State of Gerontological Counseling Research: A 26‐Year Content Analysis. JOURNAL OF COUNSELING AND DEVELOPMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jcad.12287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sean Gorby
- Department of Educational Studies, The Ohio State University
| | | | - Robert A. Dobmeier
- Department of Counselor Education, The College at Brockport, State University of New York
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29
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Willis M, Jozkowski KN. Sexual Precedent's Effect on Sexual Consent Communication. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2019; 48:1723-1734. [PMID: 31016491 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-018-1348-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sexual consent is one's voluntary, sober, and conscious willingness to engage in a particular sexual behavior with a particular person within a particular context. Sexual precedent theory posits that people believe that engaging in consensual sex at one point in time implies consent to later sexual encounters with that person. By assuming consent once a sexual precedent is set, people may rely less on communication cues. We sought to provide quantitative support for the claim that sexual precedent influences sexual consent in people's sexual relationships. To capture variability across sexual experiences, we collected daily sexual behavior data from each participant (n = 84) over a period of 30 days. We found a curvilinear relationship between sexual history with a partner and how people perceived consent during sexual activity with that partner (p = .003, ∆R2 = .089). A piecewise regression revealed that participants were less likely to report consent communication cues as sexual precedent increased until about 575 previous sexual behaviors (p = .003, R2 = .122); after this point, participants were more likely to report consent communication cues as sexual precedent increased (p = .028, R2 = .179). Overall, we provide the first quantitative evidence that consent conceptualization varies both within the person and across relationships regarding sexual precedent. In our discussion, we emphasize that sexual consent is contextual and cannot be assumed even after previous sexual encounters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malachi Willis
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA.
| | - Kristen N Jozkowski
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
- The Kinsey Institute for Research in Sex, Gender and Reproduction, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
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30
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Martelin H, Li X, Antfolk J. Finnish children’s descriptions of lesbian and heterosexual parents. NORDIC PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/19012276.2019.1604253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Martelin
- Department of Psychology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Xuan Li
- Faculty of Arts and Science, New York University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jan Antfolk
- Department of Psychology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
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31
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Cobano-Delgado VC, Llorent-Bedmar V. Identity and gender in childhood. Representation of Moroccan women in textbooks. WOMENS STUDIES INTERNATIONAL FORUM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wsif.2019.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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32
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Pietraszkiewicz A, Formanowicz M, Gustafsson Sendén M, Boyd RL, Sikström S, Sczesny S. The big two dictionaries: Capturing agency and communion in natural language. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ryan L. Boyd
- The University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas USA
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33
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Considerations in Qualitative Research Reporting: A Guide for Authors Preparing Articles for Sex Roles. SEX ROLES 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11199-018-0930-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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34
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Lor M, Backonja U, Lauver DR. How Could Nurse Researchers Apply Theory to Generate Knowledge More Efficiently? J Nurs Scholarsh 2017; 49:580-589. [PMID: 28654713 PMCID: PMC6754730 DOI: 10.1111/jnu.12316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reports of nursing research often do not provide adequate information about whether, and how, researchers applied theory when conducting their studies. Unfortunately, the lack of adequate application and explication of theory in research impedes development of knowledge to guide nursing practice. OBJECTIVES To clarify and exemplify how to apply theory in research. METHODS First we describe how researchers can apply theory in phases of research. Then we share examples of how three research teams applied one theory to these phases of research in three different studies of preventive behaviors. CONCLUSIONS Nurse researchers can review and refine ways in which they apply theory in guiding research and writing publications. Scholars can appreciate how one theory can guide researchers in building knowledge about a given condition such as preventive behaviors. Clinicians and researchers can collaborate to apply and examine the usefulness of theory. CLINICAL RELEVANCE If nurses had improved understanding of theory-guided research, they could better assess, select, and apply theory-guided interventions in their practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maichou Lor
- University Services Program Associate, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Nursing, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Uba Backonja
- Assistant Professor, University of Washington Tacoma, Nursing and Healthcare Leadership, Tacoma, WA, and Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Informatics & Medical Education, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Diane R Lauver
- Professor, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Nursing, Madison, WI, USA
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Boyd H, Murnen SK. Thin and sexy vs. muscular and dominant: Prevalence of gendered body ideals in popular dolls and action figures. Body Image 2017; 21:90-96. [PMID: 28411472 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We examined the extent to which popular dolls and action figures were portrayed with gendered body proportions, and the extent to which these gendered ideals were associated with heterosexual "success." We coded internet depictions of 72 popular female dolls and 71 popular male action figures from the websites of three national stores in the United States. Sixty-two percent of dolls had a noticeably thin body, while 42.3% of action figures had noticeably muscular bodies. Further, more thin dolls were portrayed with more sex object features than less thin dolls, including revealing, tight clothing and high-heeled shoes; bodies positioned with a curved spine, bent knee, and head cant; and with a sexually appealing facial expression. More muscular male action figures were more likely than less muscular ones to be shown with hands in fists and with an angry, emotional expression, suggesting male dominance.
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Crowell C, Mosley DV, Stevens-Watkins D. Studying Sex: A Content Analysis of Sexuality Research in Counseling Psychology. COUNSELING PSYCHOLOGIST 2017; 45:528-546. [PMID: 28867823 PMCID: PMC5576496 DOI: 10.1177/0011000017713756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Using a sex positive framework, the authors conducted a 61-year (1954-2015) content analysis of sexuality research in the flagship counseling psychology journals, the Journal of Counseling Psychology and The Counseling Psychologist. Given counseling psychology's core strengths- and multiculturalism-related values, this study aimed to uncover which human sexuality topics were published most, whether publications aligned with a sex positive, neutral, or negative discourse, what methodologies were used, and differences in how populations were investigated across race. Researchers used an integrative approach to content analysis and human coding (Neuendorf, 2011). Results highlighted that out of 188 articles meeting criteria, a slight majority (38.05%) focused on sexual orientation, identity, and minorities topics. Only 4.78% utilized a sex-positive perspective. Quantitative and conceptual pieces were most published, and publications disproportionately focused on primarily White populations. When people of color were included, the discourse was sex negative. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
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Kille J, Bungay V, Oliffe J, Atchison C. A Content Analysis of Health and Safety Communications Among Internet-Based Sex Work Advertisements: Important Information for Public Health. J Med Internet Res 2017; 19:e111. [PMID: 28408364 PMCID: PMC5408134 DOI: 10.2196/jmir.6746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The capacity to advertise via the Internet continues to contribute to the shifting dynamics in adult commercial sex work. eHealth interventions have shown promise to promote Internet-based sex workers’ health and safety internationally, yet minimal attention has been paid in Canada to developing such interventions. Understanding the information communicated in Internet-based sex work advertisements is a critical step in knowledge development to inform such interventions. Objective The purpose of this content analysis was to increase our understanding of the health and safety information within the Internet advertisements among women, men, and transgender sex workers and to describe how this information may be utilized to inform eHealth service development for this population. Methods A total of 75 Internet-based sex worker advertisements (45 women, 24 men, and 6 transgender persons) were purposefully selected from 226 advertisements collected as part of a larger study in Western Canada. Content analysis was employed to guide data extraction about demographic characteristics, sexual services provided, service restrictions, health practices and concerns, safety and security, and business practices. Frequencies for each variable were calculated and further classified by gender. Thematic analysis was then undertaken to situate the communications within the social and commercialized contexts of the sex industry. Results Four communications themes were identified: (1) demographic characteristics; (2) sexual services; (3) health; and (4) safety and security. White was the most common ethnicity (46/75, 61%) of advertisements. It was found that 20-29 years of age accounted for 32 of the 51 advertisements that provided age. Escort, the only legal business title, was the most common role title used (48/75, 64%). In total, 85% (64/75) of advertisements detailed lists of sexual services provided and 41% (31/75) of advertisements noted never offering uncovered services (ie, no condom). Gender and the type of Web-based platform mattered for information communicated. It was found that 35 of the 45 women’s advertisements were situated in personal websites and hosted details about nonsexual aspects of an appointment. Men and transworkers used Internet classified advertisement platforms with predetermined categories. Communications about sexually transmitted infections (STIs) occurred in only 16% (12/75) of advertisements with men accounting for 7. Women’s advertisements accounted for 26 of the 37 advertisements noting safety restrictions. Zero men or transpersons restricted alcohol or drug use. In total, 75% (56/75) of advertisements offered out-call services and the average minimal hourly rate ranged from Can $140/h to Can $200/h. Conclusions The study findings contribute to understandings about the diverse platforms used in commercial sex advertisements, and how sex workers frame information for potential clients. This information affords health care providers and policy makers insights to how they might assist with promoting the health of Internet-based sex workers and their clients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Kille
- Providence Health Care, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Vicky Bungay
- School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - John Oliffe
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Leyva A, Balachandran A, Britton JC, Eltoukhy M, Kuenze C, Myers ND, Signorile JF. The development and examination of a new walking executive function test for people over 50 years of age. Physiol Behav 2017; 171:100-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Jozkowski KN, Canan SN, Rhoads K, Hunt M. Methodological Considerations for Content Analysis of Sexual Consent Communication in Mainstream Films. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/2374623816679184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Young adults and college students who receive limited information about certain facets of sexuality, such as how to initiate sex and communicate consent, may turn to television and film for models. In fact, previous research suggests that young adults seek out media content such as television and film to obtain information about sexuality particularly in the absence of other sources of information. As such, it is important to understand the types of actions and behaviors modeled in mainstream media with regard to sexual activity. The overarching goal of the current study was to examine how sexual consent is depicted in mainstream film. However, we found there was limited information to guide the methodological design of such a study. Drawing on previous research, we developed a unique set of analytic procedures for conducting such a specific content analysis. The current article details our methodological approach including (1) how we developed our analytic procedures, (2) our rationale for developing these procedures, and (3) justification for deviating from previous procedures. This article concludes with a discussion regarding limitations of our study and lessons learned for conducting similar studies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen N. Jozkowski
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
- The Kinsey Institute for Research in Sex, Gender and Reproduction, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Sasha N. Canan
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Kelley Rhoads
- School of Applied Health & Educational Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Mary Hunt
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
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Daniels EA, Layh MC, Porzelius LK. Grooming ten-year-olds with gender stereotypes? A content analysis of preteen and teen girl magazines. Body Image 2016; 19:57-67. [PMID: 27619345 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2016.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Extensive research shows a strong body focus in media aimed at teen girls and adult women; less is known about the content of media aimed at preteen girls. The present study investigated differences in the content of preteen versus teen girl magazines. Additionally, the content of independent compared to mainstream magazines was examined. Media frames, which are dominant themes present in media stories, used in content about the body were examined. Finally, the prevalence of appearance-focused versus non-appearance-focused content was assessed. Advertisements and general stories were analyzed. Results indicate that teen and mainstream magazines contained more appearance content than preteen and independent magazines. Appearance media frames were more common in teen than preteen magazines. Finally, teen and mainstream magazines contained more appearance-focused than non-appearance-focused content, whereas the opposite was true for preteen and independent magazines. Findings are discussed in terms of objectification theory and gender socialization practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Daniels
- University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO, United States.
| | - Marlee C Layh
- University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO, United States
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Prieler M, Ivanov A, Hagiwara S. The Representation of Older People in East Asian Television Advertisements. Int J Aging Hum Dev 2016; 85:67-89. [PMID: 27852869 DOI: 10.1177/0091415016677972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, 432 television advertisements from Hong Kong, Japan, and South Korea were analyzed to determine their representations of older people. Findings demonstrate that in East Asian advertisements, older people are highly underrepresented, appear in major roles, mostly alongside younger people, and older men clearly outnumber older women. The other variables investigated (i.e., setting and product categories) led to no conclusive findings for the three societies. In short, our study, employing ethnolinguistic vitality theory to analyze television advertisements, demonstrates how East Asian societies greatly marginalize older people. Potential effects of such representations are discussed using social cognitive theory and cultivation theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Prieler
- 1 School of Media and Communication, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Alex Ivanov
- 2 School of Media & Design, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shigeru Hagiwara
- 3 Department of Contemporary Communication, St. Margaret's Junior College, Tokyo, Japan
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Abstract
Although there are numerous studies on gender-role portrayals in television advertising, comparative designs are clearly lacking. With content analytical data from a total of 13 Asian, American, and European countries, we study the stereotypical depiction of men and women in television advertisements. Our sample consists of 1755 ads collected in May 2014. Analyzing the gender of the primary character and voiceover, as well as the age, associated product categories, home- or work setting, and the working role of the primary character, we concluded that gender stereotypes in TV advertising can be found around the world. A multilevel model further showed that gender stereotypes were independent of a country’s gender indices, including Hofstede’s Masculinity Index, GLOBE’s Gender Egalitarianism Index, the Gender-related Development Index, the Gender Inequality Index, and the Global Gender Gap Index. These findings suggest that gender stereotyping in television advertising does not depend on the gender equality prevalent in a country. The role of a specific culture in shaping gender stereotypes in television advertising is thus smaller than commonly thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Matthes
- Department of Communication, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 29, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Prieler
- School of Media and Communication, Hallym University, Dasan Hall #507, Hallym University Road 1, Chuncheon, 24252 South Korea
| | - Karoline Adam
- Department of Communication, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 29, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Atanasova D, Koteyko N. Obesity frames and counter-frames in British and German online newspapers. Health (London) 2016; 21:650-669. [DOI: 10.1177/1363459316649764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
By featuring news articles highlighting certain aspects of obesity and backgrounding others, the media can frame these aspects as especially applicable to how obesity should be understood and addressed. Despite the highest rates in Europe, news reports from Britain and Germany have come under little scholarly scrutiny. In this article, we explore frames and their frequency of use in British and German online newspapers. Our findings reveal a dominant cross-national framing of obesity in terms of ‘self-control’, which places a more pronounced emphasis on individual responsibility than demonstrated by earlier studies and may contribute to a culture of weight bias and stigma. The results also reveal evidence for cross-national efforts to challenge this individualising framing with counter-frames of ‘acceptance’ and ‘coming out’. We argue that this is a positive development, which demonstrates the potential of media frames to function not only as possible contributors to weight bias and stigma but also as mechanisms for countering entrenched social conceptions of obesity.
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Hamad EO, Savundranayagam MY, Holmes JD, Kinsella EA, Johnson AM. Toward a Mixed-Methods Research Approach to Content Analysis in The Digital Age: The Combined Content-Analysis Model and its Applications to Health Care Twitter Feeds. J Med Internet Res 2016; 18:e60. [PMID: 26957477 PMCID: PMC4804105 DOI: 10.2196/jmir.5391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Revised: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Twitter’s 140-character microblog posts are increasingly used to access information and facilitate discussions among health care professionals and between patients with chronic conditions and their caregivers. Recently, efforts have emerged to investigate the content of health care-related posts on Twitter. This marks a new area for researchers to investigate and apply content analysis (CA). In current infodemiology, infoveillance and digital disease detection research initiatives, quantitative and qualitative Twitter data are often combined, and there are no clear guidelines for researchers to follow when collecting and evaluating Twitter-driven content. Objective The aim of this study was to identify studies on health care and social media that used Twitter feeds as a primary data source and CA as an analysis technique. We evaluated the resulting 18 studies based on a narrative review of previous methodological studies and textbooks to determine the criteria and main features of quantitative and qualitative CA. We then used the key features of CA and mixed-methods research designs to propose the combined content-analysis (CCA) model as a solid research framework for designing, conducting, and evaluating investigations of Twitter-driven content. Methods We conducted a PubMed search to collect studies published between 2010 and 2014 that used CA to analyze health care-related tweets. The PubMed search and reference list checks of selected papers identified 21 papers. We excluded 3 papers and further analyzed 18. Results Results suggest that the methods used in these studies were not purely quantitative or qualitative, and the mixed-methods design was not explicitly chosen for data collection and analysis. A solid research framework is needed for researchers who intend to analyze Twitter data through the use of CA. Conclusions We propose the CCA model as a useful framework that provides a straightforward approach to guide Twitter-driven studies and that adds rigor to health care social media investigations. We provide suggestions for the use of the CCA model in elder care-related contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eradah O Hamad
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Humanities, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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45
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Murnen SK, Greenfield C, Younger A, Boyd H. Boys Act and Girls Appear: A Content Analysis of Gender Stereotypes Associated with Characters in Children’s Popular Culture. SEX ROLES 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11199-015-0558-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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46
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Abstract
Consistent with psychology’s call to action for an inclusive and intentional focus on social class, we conducted a content analysis examining class variables relative to race and gender variables in articles over a 15-year period in The Counseling Psychologist and the Journal of Counseling Psychology. Articles were classified by degree of inclusion of these variables, resulting in three categories: mentioned, integrated, and primary. Despite the recent trend toward class inclusion, only 560 of 1,440 studies (39%) included all three variables at any level. Articles where all variables were “Primary” comprised only 1.9% ( n = 28) of the articles we reviewed. Using a qualitative content analysis and intersectionality lens, only 15 of the 28 studies thoroughly integrated class, race, and gender variables. Results highlight a recent, significant increase in attention to class issues, as well as the continued need to place class analysis on par with other important diversity variables. Implications are discussed.
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Klos LA, Greenleaf C, Paly N, Kessler MM, Shoemaker CG, Suchla EA. Losing Weight on Reality TV: A Content Analysis of the Weight Loss Behaviors and Practices Portrayed on The Biggest Loser. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2015; 20:639-646. [PMID: 25909247 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2014.965371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A number of weight loss-related reality television programs chronicle the weight loss experience of obese individuals in a competitive context. Although highly popular, such shows may misrepresent the behavior change necessary to achieve substantial weight loss. A systematic, quantitative content analysis of Seasons 10-13 (n = 66 episodes) of The Biggest Loser was conducted to determine the amount of time and number of instances that diet, physical activity, or other weight management strategies were presented. The average episode was 78.8 ± 15.7 min in length. Approximately 33.3% of an episode, representing 1,121 segments, portrayed behavioral weight management-related content. Within the episode time devoted to weight management content, 85.2% was related to physical activity, 13.5% to diet, and 1.2% to other. Recent seasons of The Biggest Loser suggest that substantial weight loss is achieved primarily through physical activity, with little emphasis on modifying diet and eating behavior. Although physical activity can impart substantial metabolic health benefits, it may be difficult to create enough of an energy deficit to induce significant weight loss in the real world. Future studies should examine the weight loss attitudes and behaviors of obese individuals and health professionals after exposure to reality television shows focused on weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori A Klos
- a Department of Kinesiology , University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee , Milwaukee , Wisconsin , USA
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Moss-Racusin CA, Molenda AK, Cramer CR. Can Evidence Impact Attitudes? Public Reactions to Evidence of Gender Bias in STEM Fields. PSYCHOLOGY OF WOMEN QUARTERLY 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/0361684314565777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Our research capitalized on a naturalistic data collection opportunity to investigate responses to experimental evidence of gender bias within science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). We analyzed 831 written comments made by members of the public in response to three prominent articles reporting on experimental evidence of science faculty members’ gender biases. Utilizing a mixed-method approach (i.e., thematic and quantitative analysis), we identified the nature and frequency of positive and negative responses, and we investigated possible gender and professional differences in what commenters wrote. Although acknowledgment of gender bias was the most prevalent category, a wide range of positive (e.g., calls for social change) and negative (e.g., justifications of gender bias) reactions emerged. Among the subsample of 423 comments for which it was possible to code commenters’ gender, gender differences arose for the majority of categories, such that men were more likely than women to post negative responses and women were more likely than men to post positive responses. Results were unaffected by commenters’ own STEM field affiliation. We discuss implications for the role of clearly demonstrated bias in prejudice recognition and reduction as well as the development of STEM diversity interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aneta K. Molenda
- Department of Psychology, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, USA
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49
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“She” and “He” in News Media Messages: Pronoun Use Reflects Gender Biases in Semantic Contexts. SEX ROLES 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11199-014-0437-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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50
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O’Connor C, Joffe H. Gender on the brain: a case study of science communication in the new media environment. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110830. [PMID: 25354280 PMCID: PMC4212998 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroscience research on sex difference is currently a controversial field, frequently accused of purveying a ‘neurosexism’ that functions to naturalise gender inequalities. However, there has been little empirical investigation of how information about neurobiological sex difference is interpreted within wider society. This paper presents a case study that tracks the journey of one high-profile study of neurobiological sex differences from its scientific publication through various layers of the public domain. A content analysis was performed to ascertain how the study was represented in five domains of communication: the original scientific article, a press release, the traditional news media, online reader comments and blog entries. Analysis suggested that scientific research on sex difference offers an opportunity to rehearse abiding cultural understandings of gender. In both scientific and popular contexts, traditional gender stereotypes were projected onto the novel scientific information, which was harnessed to demonstrate the factual truth and normative legitimacy of these beliefs. Though strains of misogyny were evident within the readers’ comments, most discussion of the study took pains to portray the sexes’ unique abilities as equal and ‘complementary’. However, this content often resembled a form of benevolent sexism, in which praise of women’s social-emotional skills compensated for their relegation from more esteemed trait-domains, such as rationality and productivity. The paper suggests that embedding these stereotype patterns in neuroscience may intensify their rhetorical potency by lending them the epistemic authority of science. It argues that the neuroscience of sex difference does not merely reflect, but can actively shape the gender norms of contemporary society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cliodhna O’Connor
- Division of Psychology & Language Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Helene Joffe
- Division of Psychology & Language Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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