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Basit F, Abbas S, Sheteiwy MS, Bhat JA, Alsahli AA, Ahmad P. Deciphering the alleviation potential of nitric oxide, for low temperature and chromium stress via maintaining photosynthetic capacity, antioxidant defence, and redox homeostasis in rice (Oryza sativa). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 214:108957. [PMID: 39059272 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) is a potent nitric oxide (NO) donor that enhances plant tolerance to various abiotic stresses. This research aims to assess the effect of SNP application on rice seedlings subjected to individual and combined exposure to two abiotic stresses viz., low-temperature (LT) and chromium (Cr). Exposure to LT, Cr, and LT+Cr caused severe oxidative damage by stimulating greater production and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to lipid peroxidation and cell membrane instability. The combined LT+CR stress more intensly increased the cellular oxidative stress and excessive Cr uptake that in turn deteriorated the chlorophyll pigments and photosynthesis, as well as effected the level of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis in rice plants. The reduction in rice seedling growth was more obvious under LT+Cr treatment than their individual effects. The exogenous application of SNP diminished the toxic impact of LT and Cr stress. This was attributed to the positive role of SNP in regulating the endogenous NO levels, free amino acids (FAAs) contents, tetrapyrrole biosynthesis and antioxidants. Consequently, SNP-induced NO decreased photorespiration, ROS generation, lipid peroxidation, and electrolyte leakage. Moreover, exogenous SNP diminished the Cr uptake and accumulation by modulating the ionic homeostasis and strengthening the heavy metals detoxification mechanism, thus improving plant height, biomass and photosynthetic indexes. Essentially, SNP boosts plant tolerance to LT and Cr stress by regulating antioxidants, detoxification mechanism, and the plant's physio-biochemical. Hence, applying SNP is an effective method for boosting rice plant resilience and productivity in the face of escalating environmental stresses and pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farwa Basit
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou, 325060, China
| | - Saghir Abbas
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Mohamed S Sheteiwy
- Department of Integrative Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 15551, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Javaid Akhter Bhat
- Research center for Life Sciences Computing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
| | - Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Department of Botany, GDC, Pulwama-192301, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
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Acharya R, Gangopadhyay D, Bhattacharyya P, Ghosh A. Evaluation of salt-tolerant germplasm of mulberry ( Morus L.) through in vitro and field experiments under different salinity stresses. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35868. [PMID: 39220906 PMCID: PMC11365387 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Twenty-five promising salt-tolerant mulberry germplasms from different Morus species were evaluated for growth under varying salinity levels (10.20-25.60 dS m-1) typical of the coastal regions in South 24 Parganas, West Bengal. Evaluations were conducted using in vitro axillary bud culture and field experiments under natural conditions to identify superior salt-tolerant germplasms. Soil sample analysis revealed significant variation in salinity levels (34.37-17.09 dS m-1) across different areas, with the highest in Kultali and the lowest in Canning I and II. Among the 25 germplasms, 6 were identified as highly salt-tolerant, 6 as moderately high salt-tolerant, 11 as salt-tolerant, and 2 as salt-sensitive. Survivability rate and root length were found to have the highest correlation with salt tolerance during early development. The six highly salt-tolerant germplasms, including English Black, Kolitha-3, C776, Rotundiloba, BC259, and S1 were further tested in field trials. English Black showed the highest survivability rate of 69.2 % in soil salinity of 18-20 dS m-1. Results from in vitro and field trials were consistent, with a strong positive correlation between survivability rate and root length. This study establishes an effective method for evaluating salt tolerance in mulberry, providing a foundation for more efficient assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritwik Acharya
- Department of Sericulture, Raiganj University, Raiganj, 733134, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Phalguni Bhattacharyya
- Department of Botany, Shibpur Dinobundhoo Institution (College), Howrah, 711102, West Bengal, India
| | - Amitava Ghosh
- Department of Botany, Asutosh College, Kolkata, 700026, West Bengal, India
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Effect of Mulberry Leaf TMR on Growth Performance, Meat Quality and Expression of Meat Quality Master Genes ( ADSL, H-FABP) in Crossbred Black Goats. Foods 2022; 11:foods11244032. [PMID: 36553774 PMCID: PMC9778122 DOI: 10.3390/foods11244032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to examine the effect of a mulberry leaf total mixed ration (TMR) diet on growth performance, apparent digestibility, meat quality and the expression of related meat-quality genes (ADSL, H-FABP) in crossbred black goats. Forty-four Guizhou crossbred black goats (Nubian black goat ♂ × Guizhou black goat ♀), weighing 33.43 ± 0.55 kg, were chosen. The goats were randomly divided into four groups, with 11 test replicates in each group. Group I was the control group and fed with the traditional feeding method of roughage and concentrate supplement without adding mulberry leaf. Group II was fed with a 40% mulberry leaf pellet TMR diet. Group III was fed with a freshly processed 40% mulberry leaf TMR diet. Group IV was fed with a 40% mulberry leaf fermented total mixed rations (FTMR) diet. The results showed that the average daily gain (ADG) of group II was significantly higher than that of group I and III (p < 0.05). The apparent digestibility of group II of ether extract (EE) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) was significantly higher than that of group I (p < 0.05), and the apparent digestibility of dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) was significantly higher than that of group I (p < 0.01). Compared with group I, meat in group II had lower meat color lightness (L*) and yellowness (b*) values (p < 0.01) in the Longissimus thoracis et lumborum. The shear force of group II was significantly lower than that of group I (p < 0.05). The total fatty acids (TFA) of group II was significantly higher than that of groups I and III (p < 0.05), but the total saturated fatty acids (SFA) of group II was significantly lower that than of group I (p < 0.01). Subsequently, the Unsaturated fatty acids (USFA), Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), and Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) of group II were significantly higher than those in group I (p < 0.01). The contents of total amino acids (TAA), total essential amino acids (EAA), total non-essential amino acids (NEAA) and total of major fresh-tasting amino acids (DAA) of groups II, III and IV were significantly higher than those of group I (p < 0.05), as well as the contents of IMP (p < 0.01). The expression of the H-FABP gene in the arm triceps of group II was significantly higher than that of groups I, III and IV (p < 0.05). The expression of the ADSL gene in the Longissimus thoracis et lumborum and biceps femoris of group II was significantly higher than that of group I (p < 0.05). Collectively, the results of the current study indicated that the mulberry leaf TMR diet improved the growth performance, apparent digestibility and expression of related meat-quality master genes (ADSL, H-FABP) in crossbred black goats, which promoted the deposition of intramuscular fat (IMF) and inosinic acid (IMP) and improved the composition of fatty acids and amino acids in the muscles.
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Chen CJ, Guo G, Li M, Liang XY, Gu YY. Diversity of endophytic bacteria of mulberry (Morus L.) under cold conditions. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:923162. [PMID: 35928145 PMCID: PMC9344060 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.923162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Endophytic bacteria are known to impact the growth and fitness of agriculturally relevant plants. However, there are limited reports describing endophytic bacteria related to mulberry (Morus L.). The present study used Illumina-based 16S rRNA gene sequencing to investigate the endophytic bacterial communities of two mulberry cultivars with differing resistance to low temperature, under cold conditions. In most cases, the bacterial communities of endophytes in the root exhibited higher richness compared with those in the stem, and the communities in resistant cultivar X792 exhibited higher richness compared with those of the sensitive cultivar “Da Shi” (DS). The difference in the proportion of unique operational taxonomic units showed the same trend. The number of genera with significant differences in abundance was greater between organs than between months, and greater between months than between cultivars. Microbial diversity analysis showed that Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were the dominant phyla in all samples, while Pseudomonas, Steroidobacter, and Rhodococcus were the dominant genera in different samples. There were significant differences between cultivars DS and X792 in the relative abundance of Pseudomonas, Acidibacter, Frigoribacterium, Gaiella, and Pseudokineococcus. PICRUSt predictions indicated that the relative abundances of endophytic bacteria in membrane transport and signal transduction were significantly higher in the stem of resistant cultivar X792 in January compared with that of sensitive cultivar DS. Analysis of β-Diversity also revealed distinct differences in endophytic bacterial communities of stem and root, and communities of the stem in January and February. The complex correlation of the endophytic communities was higher in sensitive mulberry cultivar DS compared with resistant cultivar X792, in the stem compared with the root, and in January compared with February. Overall, findings from this study suggested that the diversity and community structure of endophytic bacteria in mulberry were significantly influenced by organs and months, followed by the host cultivar. The study provides insight into the complex microbial diversity of mulberry under cold conditions.
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Habib I, Shahzad K, Rauf M, Ahmad M, Alsamadany H, Fahad S, Saeed NA. Dehydrin responsive HVA1 driven inducible gene expression enhanced salt and drought tolerance in wheat. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 180:124-133. [PMID: 35427995 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Heterologous expression of plant genes is becoming an important strategy for the improvement of specific traits in existing cultivars. This study presents the response of a salt-sensitive high-yielding wheat variety under stress-inducible expression of barley HVA1 gene belonging to the Late embryogenesis abundance (LEA) gene family. Six homozygous transgenic wheat plants were developed and advanced for testing under various water regimes and salt stress conditions. Putative transgenic plants showed better germination and root shoot development at the early developmental stages under drought stress conditions. Moreover, transgenic plants illustrated higher values of physiological features as compared to non-transgenic plants under both drought and salinity stresses that indicate improved physiological processes in transgenic plants. Higher membrane stability index (MSI) and lower electrolyte leakage (EL) after exposure to abiotic stresses reveal improved cellular membrane stability (CMS) and reduced injury to chloroplast membrane. Interestingly, under salinity stress, transgenic wheat plants showed preference towards higher K+ accumulation in the shoot, which is not a well-understood HVA1 mediated Na + avoidance mechanism under excessive subsurface salts. The predisposition of K+/Na + under salt stress conditions on heterologous expression of the HVA1 gene in wheat needs to be studied in detail in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Habib
- Agriculture Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad Pakistan, P.O Box 577, Pakistan.
| | - Khurram Shahzad
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Rauf
- Agriculture Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad Pakistan, P.O Box 577, Pakistan; Vegetable Research Station, Karor, District Layyah, Pakistan.
| | - Moddassir Ahmad
- Agriculture Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad Pakistan, P.O Box 577, Pakistan
| | - Hameed Alsamadany
- Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Shah Fahad
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou Hainan, 570228, China; Department of Agronomy, The University of Haripur, Haripur Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| | - Nasir Ahmad Saeed
- Agriculture Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad Pakistan, P.O Box 577, Pakistan.
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Draft genome sequence of Indian mulberry (Morus indica) provides a resource for functional and translational genomics. Genomics 2022; 114:110346. [PMID: 35331861 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Mulberry is an important crop plant for the sericulture industry. Here, we report high-quality genome sequence of a cultivated Indian mulberry (Morus indica cv K2) obtained by combining data from four different technologies, including Illumina, single-molecule real-time sequencing, chromosome conformation capture and optical mapping, with a gene completeness of 96.5%. Based on the genome sequence, we identified 49.2% of repetitive DNA and 27,435 high-confidence protein-coding genes with >90% of them supported by transcript evidence. A comparative analysis with other plant genomes identified 4.8% of species-specific genes in the M. indica genome. Transcriptome profiling revealed tissue-specific and differential expression across multiple accessions of ~4.7% and 2-5% of protein-coding genes, respectively, implicated in diverse biological processes. Whole genome resequencing of 21 accessions/species revealed ~2.5 million single nucleotide polymorphisms and ~ 0.2 million insertions/deletions. These data and results provide a comprehensive resource to accelerate the genomics research in mulberry for its improvement.
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Leybourne DJ, Valentine TA, Binnie K, Taylor A, Karley AJ, Bos JIB. Drought stress increases the expression of barley defence genes with negative consequences for infesting cereal aphids. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:2238-2250. [PMID: 35090009 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Crops are exposed to myriad abiotic and biotic stressors with negative consequences. Two stressors that are expected to increase under climate change are drought and infestation with herbivorous insects, including important aphid species. Expanding our understanding of the impact drought has on the plant-aphid relationship will become increasingly important under future climate scenarios. Here we use a previously characterized plant-aphid system comprising a susceptible variety of barley, a wild relative of barley with partial aphid resistance, and the bird cherry-oat aphid to examine the drought-plant-aphid relationship. We show that drought has a negative effect on plant physiology and aphid fitness, and provide evidence to suggest that plant resistance influences aphid responses to drought stress. Furthermore, we show that the expression of thionin genes, plant defensive compounds that contribute to aphid resistance, increase in susceptible plants exposed to drought stress but remain at constant levels in the partially resistant plant, suggesting that they play an important role in determining the success of aphid populations. This study highlights the role of plant defensive processes in mediating the interactions between the environment, plants, and herbivorous insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Leybourne
- Division of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, the James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
- Ecological Sciences, the James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Tracy A Valentine
- Ecological Sciences, the James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Kirsty Binnie
- Ecological Sciences, the James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Anna Taylor
- Ecological Sciences, the James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Alison J Karley
- Ecological Sciences, the James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Jorunn I B Bos
- Division of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, the James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
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Samtani H, Sharma A, Khurana P. Overexpression of HVA1 Enhances Drought and Heat Stress Tolerance in Triticum aestivum Doubled Haploid Plants. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050912. [PMID: 35269534 PMCID: PMC8909738 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant responses to multiple environmental stresses include various signaling pathways that allow plant acclimation and survival. Amongst different stresses, drought and heat stress severely affect growth and productivity of wheat. HVA1, a member of the group 3 LEA protein, has been well known to provide protection against drought stress. However, its mechanism of action and its role in other stresses such as heat remain unexplored. In this study, doubled haploid (DH) wheat plants overexpressing the HVA1 gene were analyzed and found to be both drought-and heat stress-tolerant. The transcriptome analysis revealed the upregulation of transcription factors such as DREB and HsfA6 under drought and heat stress, respectively, which contribute toward the tolerance mechanism. Particularly under heat stress conditions, the transgenic plants had a lower oxidative load and showed enhanced yield. The overexpression lines were found to be ABA-sensitive, therefore suggesting the role of HsfA6 in providing heat tolerance via the ABA-mediated pathway. Thus, apart from its known involvement in drought stress, this study highlights the potential role of HVA1 in the heat stress signaling pathway. This can further facilitate the engineering of multiple stress tolerance in crop plants, such as wheat.
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Baranwal VK, Negi N, Khurana P. Comparative transcriptomics of leaves of five mulberry accessions and cataloguing structural and expression variants for future prospects. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252246. [PMID: 34260613 PMCID: PMC8279327 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bombyx mori, a monophagous insect, prefers leaves of the certain species of Morus more than others. The preference has been attributed to morphological and anatomical features and biochemical compounds. In the present manuscript a comparison has been made among the transcriptome of leaves of the two preferred cultivated varieties and three wild types species. While assembling, high quality transcriptomes of five genotypes were constructed with a total of 100930, 151245, 89724, 181761 and 102908 transcripts from ML, MN, MS, K2 and V1 samples respectively. Further, to compare them, orthologs were identified from these assembled transcriptome. A total of 22462, 23413, 23685, 24371, 18362, 22326, 20058, 18049, 17567 and 20518 clusters of orthologs were found in one to one comparison in KvsN, KvsL, KvsS, KvsV, LvsN, LvsS, LvsV, NvsS, NvsV, and SvsV respectively. 4236 orthologs with algebraic connectivity of 1.0 were then used to compare and to find out differentially expressed transcripts from all the genotypes. A total of 1037 transcripts expressed that include some of the important morphology, anatomy and biochemical pathways regulating transcription factors (AP2/ERFs and C2H2 Zinc fingers) and signalling components were identified to express differentially. Further, these transcriptomes were used find out markers (SSR) and variants and a total of 1101013, 537245, 970877, 310437, 675772, 338400, 581189, 751477, 514999 and 257107 variants including SNP, MNP, Insertions and deletions were found in one to one comparisons. Taken together, our data could be highly useful for mulberry community worldwide as it could be utilized in mulberry breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Kumar Baranwal
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
- Department of Botany, Swami Devanand Post Graduate College, Math-Lar, Lar, Deoria, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nisha Negi
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Paramjit Khurana
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
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Alam K, Raviraj VS, Chowdhury T, Bhuimali A, Ghosh P, Saha S. Application of biotechnology in sericulture: Progress, scope and prospect. THE NUCLEUS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13237-021-00355-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Siddiqui MN, Léon J, Naz AA, Ballvora A. Genetics and genomics of root system variation in adaptation to drought stress in cereal crops. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:1007-1019. [PMID: 33096558 PMCID: PMC7904151 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cereals are important crops worldwide that help meet food demands and nutritional needs. In recent years, cereal production has been challenged globally by frequent droughts and hot spells. A plant's root is the most relevant organ for the plant adaptation to stress conditions, playing pivotal roles in anchorage and the acquisition of soil-based resources. Thus, dissecting root system variations and trait selection for enhancing yield and sustainability under drought stress conditions should aid in future global food security. This review highlights the variations in root system attributes and their interplay with shoot architecture features to face water scarcity and maintain thus yield of major cereal crops. Further, we compile the root-related drought responsive quantitative trait loci/genes in cereal crops including their interspecies relationships using microsynteny to facilitate comparative genomic analyses. We then discuss the potential of an integrated strategy combining genomics and phenomics at genetic and epigenetic levels to explore natural genetic diversity as a basis for knowledge-based genome editing. Finally, we present an outline to establish innovative breeding leads for the rapid and optimized selection of root traits necessary to develop resilient crop varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Nurealam Siddiqui
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES) – Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Jens Léon
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES) – Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ali A Naz
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES) – Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Agim Ballvora
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES) – Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Assessing the life cycle of pests, Diaphania pulverulentalis (Hampson) and Maconellicoccus hirsutus Green, reared on transgenic mulberry. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:64. [PMID: 33489682 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02621-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aims at investigating the growth and development of two common pests in mulberry namely the leaf roller (Diaphania pulverulentalis) and mealy bug (Macconellicoccus hirsutus), reared on transgenic mulberry plants in comparison with the wild type plants V1, a ruling variety. Both the pests completed normal life cycle on all the four different transgenic plants (Ip::HVA1, Cp::HVA1, Cp::BCH1, Cp::osmotin and Ip::osmotin) expressing three different transgenes (HVA1, BCH1 and osmotin) in the presence of the marker gene NPTII. There was no significant difference in the incubation period of the eggs, growth of first to fifth instar larvae and total larval period of the leaf roller reared on transgenic and non-transgenic mulberry. The pre-pupal, pupal, adult stages and adult fecundity also did not differ. The variations in the duration of the different nymphal instars, and their total duration was not significant in the case of mealy bug, when reared on the transgenics. The adult longevity and total life span of female mealy bugs, and the pupal period and total life span of the male bugs were on par with those reared on the wild type plants. The study indicates that the life cycle of both the pests, which are common in a mulberry ecosystem, were not affected by feeding on any of the transgenic mulberry plants at any stage of their growth and development.
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Dirk LMA, Abdel CG, Ahmad I, Neta ICS, Pereira CC, Pereira FECB, Unêda-Trevisoli SH, Pinheiro DG, Downie AB. Late Embryogenesis Abundant Protein-Client Protein Interactions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E814. [PMID: 32610443 PMCID: PMC7412488 DOI: 10.3390/plants9070814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The intrinsically disordered proteins belonging to the LATE EMBRYOGENESIS ABUNDANT protein (LEAP) family have been ascribed a protective function over an array of intracellular components. We focus on how LEAPs may protect a stress-susceptible proteome. These examples include instances of LEAPs providing a shield molecule function, possibly by instigating liquid-liquid phase separations. Some LEAPs bind directly to their client proteins, exerting a holdase-type chaperonin function. Finally, instances of LEAP-client protein interactions have been documented, where the LEAP modulates (interferes with) the function of the client protein, acting as a surreptitious rheostat of cellular homeostasis. From the examples identified to date, it is apparent that client protein modulation also serves to mitigate stress. While some LEAPs can physically bind and protect client proteins, some apparently bind to assist the degradation of the client proteins with which they associate. Documented instances of LEAP-client protein binding, even in the absence of stress, brings to the fore the necessity of identifying how the LEAPs are degraded post-stress to render them innocuous, a first step in understanding how the cell regulates their abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynnette M. A. Dirk
- Department of Horticulture, University of Kentucky Seed Biology Program, Plant Science Building, 1405 Veterans Drive, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546-0312, USA;
| | - Caser Ghaafar Abdel
- Agriculture College, Al-Muthanna University, Samawah, Al-Muthanna 66001, Iraq;
| | - Imran Ahmad
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Crop Production Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 25120, Pakistan;
| | | | - Cristiane Carvalho Pereira
- Departamento de Agricultura—Setor de Sementes, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais CEP: 37200-000, Brazil;
| | | | - Sandra Helena Unêda-Trevisoli
- Department of Vegetable Production, (UNESP) National University of São Paulo, Jaboticabal, São Paulo CEP: 14884-900, Brazil;
| | - Daniel Guariz Pinheiro
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Science and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo CEP: 14040-901, Brazil;
| | - Allan Bruce Downie
- Department of Horticulture, University of Kentucky Seed Biology Program, Plant Science Building, 1405 Veterans Drive, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546-0312, USA;
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15
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Zhuo L, Liang YQ, Yang HL, Li XS, Zhang Y, Zhang YG, Guan KY, Zhang DY. Thermal tolerance of dried shoots of the moss Bryum argenteum. J Therm Biol 2020; 89:102469. [PMID: 32364963 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2019.102469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We conducted laboratory experiments to determine the lethal temperatures of the shoots of dried Bryum argenteum and to determine how this restoration species responds to extreme environments. We specifically assessed changes in gene expression levels in the shoots of dried B. argenteum plants that were subjected to sudden heat shock (control (20 ± 2°C), 80°C, 100°C, 110°C or 120°C) followed by exposure to heat for an additional 10, 20, 30 or 60 min. After they were exposed to heat, the samples were placed in wet sand medium, and their survival and regeneration abilities were evaluated daily for 56 days. The results showed that lethal temperatures significantly reduced the shoot regeneration potential, delayed both shoot and protonemal emergence times and reduced the protonemal emergence area. In addition, the expression of nine genes (HSF3, HSP70, ERF, LEA, ELIP, LHCA, LHCB, Tr288 and DHN) was induced by temperature stress, as assessed after 30 min of exposure. Additionally, a new thermal tolerance level for dried B. argenteum - 120°C for 20 min - was determined, which was the highest temperature recorded for this moss; this tolerance exceeded the previous record of 110°C for 10 min. These findings help elucidate the survival mechanism of this species under heat shock stress and facilitate the recovery and restoration of destroyed ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhuo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China; College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, PR China
| | - Yu-Qing Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Hong-Lan Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, PR China
| | - Xiao-Shuang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, PR China
| | - Yiheng Zhang
- Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yi-Gong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Kai-Yun Guan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, PR China
| | - Dao-Yuan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, PR China.
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Yu J, Conrad AO, Decroocq V, Zhebentyayeva T, Williams DE, Bennett D, Roch G, Audergon JM, Dardick C, Liu Z, Abbott AG, Staton ME. Distinctive Gene Expression Patterns Define Endodormancy to Ecodormancy Transition in Apricot and Peach. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:180. [PMID: 32180783 PMCID: PMC7059448 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Dormancy is a physiological state that plants enter for winter hardiness. Environmental-induced dormancy onset and release in temperate perennials coordinate growth cessation and resumption, but how the entire process, especially chilling-dependent dormancy release and flowering, is regulated remains largely unclear. We utilized the transcriptome profiles of floral buds from fall to spring in apricot (Prunus armeniaca) genotypes with contrasting bloom dates and peach (Prunus persica) genotypes with contrasting chilling requirements (CR) to explore the genetic regulation of bud dormancy. We identified distinct gene expression programming patterns in endodormancy and ecodormancy that reproducibly occur between different genotypes and species. During the transition from endo- to eco-dormancy, 1,367 and 2,102 genes changed in expression in apricot and peach, respectively. Over 600 differentially expressed genes were shared in peach and apricot, including three DORMANCY ASSOCIATED MADS-box (DAM) genes (DAM4, DAM5, and DAM6). Of the shared genes, 99 are located within peach CR quantitative trait loci, suggesting these genes as candidates for dormancy regulation. Co-expression and functional analyses revealed that distinctive metabolic processes distinguish dormancy stages, with genes expressed during endodormancy involved in chromatin remodeling and reproduction, while the genes induced at ecodormancy were mainly related to pollen development and cell wall biosynthesis. Gene expression analyses between two Prunus species highlighted the conserved transcriptional control of physiological activities in endodormancy and ecodormancy and revealed genes that may be involved in the transition between the two stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Yu
- Genome Science and Technology Program, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Anna O. Conrad
- Forest Health Research and Education Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Véronique Decroocq
- UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Equipe de Virologie, INRA, Universite de Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Tetyana Zhebentyayeva
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Schatz Center for Tree Molecular Genetics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Daniel E. Williams
- Center for Environmental Biotechnology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Dennis Bennett
- Appalachian Fruit Research Station, United States Department of Agriculture—Agriculture Research Service, Kearneysville, WV, United States
| | - Guillaume Roch
- GAFL Fruit and Vegetable Genetics and Breeding, INRA Centre PACA, Montfavet, France
| | - Jean-Marc Audergon
- GAFL Fruit and Vegetable Genetics and Breeding, INRA Centre PACA, Montfavet, France
| | - Christopher Dardick
- Appalachian Fruit Research Station, United States Department of Agriculture—Agriculture Research Service, Kearneysville, WV, United States
| | - Zongrang Liu
- Appalachian Fruit Research Station, United States Department of Agriculture—Agriculture Research Service, Kearneysville, WV, United States
| | - Albert G. Abbott
- Forest Health Research and Education Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Margaret E. Staton
- Genome Science and Technology Program, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agriculture, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
- *Correspondence: Margaret E. Staton,
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17
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Pham AT, Maurer A, Pillen K, Brien C, Dowling K, Berger B, Eglinton JK, March TJ. Genome-wide association of barley plant growth under drought stress using a nested association mapping population. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:134. [PMID: 30971212 PMCID: PMC6458831 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1723-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is the fourth most important cereal crop worldwide. Barley production is compromised by many abiotic stresses including drought. Wild barley is a valuable source of alleles that can improve adaptation of cultivated barley to drought stress. RESULTS In the present study, a nested association mapping population named HEB-25, consisting of 1420 BC1S3 lines that were developed by crossing 25 different wild barley accessions to the elite barley cultivar 'Barke', was evaluated under both control and drought-stressed conditions in the Australian Plant Phenomics Facility, University of Adelaide. Overall, 14 traits reflecting the performance of individual plants in each treatment were calculated from non-destructive imaging over time and destructive end-of-experiment measurements. For each trait, best linear unbiased estimators (BLUEs) were calculated and used for genome-wide association study (GWAS) analysis. Among the quantitative trait loci (QTL) identified for the 14 traits, many co-localise with known inflorescence and developmental genes. We identified a QTL on chromosome 4H where, under drought and control conditions, wild barley alleles increased biomass by 10 and 17% respectively compared to the Barke allele. CONCLUSIONS Across all traits, QTL which increased phenotypic values were identified, providing a wider range of genetic diversity for the improvement of drought tolerance in barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh-Tung Pham
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA 5064 Australia
| | - Andreas Maurer
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Str. 3, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Klaus Pillen
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Str. 3, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Chris Brien
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA 5064 Australia
- Phenomics and Bioinformatics Research Centre, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000 Australia
- Australian Plant Phenomics Facility, The Plant Accelerator, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA 5064 Australia
| | - Kate Dowling
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA 5064 Australia
- Phenomics and Bioinformatics Research Centre, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000 Australia
- Australian Plant Phenomics Facility, The Plant Accelerator, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA 5064 Australia
| | - Bettina Berger
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA 5064 Australia
- Australian Plant Phenomics Facility, The Plant Accelerator, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA 5064 Australia
| | - Jason K. Eglinton
- Sugar Research Australia, 71378 Bruce Highway, Gordonvale, QLD 4865 Australia
| | - Timothy J. March
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA 5064 Australia
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18
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Karthik S, Tuteja N, Ganapathi A, Manickavasagam M. Pea p68, a DEAD-box helicase, enhances salt tolerance in marker-free transgenic plants of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merrill]. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:10. [PMID: 30622848 PMCID: PMC6314947 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1553-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein p68 is a prototype constituent of DEAD-box protein family, which is involved in RNA metabolism, induced during abiotic stress conditions. In order to address the salinity stress faced by economically important soybean crop, we have transformed soybean cv. PUSA 9712 via direct organogenesis with marker free construct of p68 gene by Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation. The putative transgenic plants were screened by Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Dot blot analysis and Southern blot hybridization. Reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR) and Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) established that the p68 gene expressed in three out of five southern positive (T1) plants. The transformed (T1) soybean plants survived irrigation upto 200 mM of NaCl whereas the non-transformed (NT) plants could not survive even 150 mM NaCl. The transgenic soybean (T1) plants showed a higher accumulation of chlorophyll, proline, CAT, APX, SOD, RWC, DHAR and MDHAR than the NT plants under salinity stress conditions. The transformed (T1) soybean plants also retained a higher net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and CO2 assimilation as compared to NT plants. Further analysis revealed that (T1) soybean plants accumulated higher K+ and lower Na+ levels than NT plants. Yield performance of transformed soybean plants was estimated in the transgenic green house under salinity stress conditions. The transformed (T1) soybean plants expressing the p68 gene were morphologically similar to non-transformed plants and produced 22-24 soybean pods/plant containing 8-9 g (dry weight) of seeds at 200 mM NaCl concentration. The present investigation evidenced the role of the p68 gene against salinity, by enhancing the tolerance towards salinity stress in soybean plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivabalan Karthik
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620 024 India
| | - Narendra Tuteja
- Plant Molecular Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110 067 India
| | - Andy Ganapathi
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620 024 India
| | - Markandan Manickavasagam
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620 024 India
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19
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Sengupta S, Mangu V, Sanchez L, Bedre R, Joshi R, Rajasekaran K, Baisakh N. An actin-depolymerizing factor from the halophyte smooth cordgrass, Spartina alterniflora (SaADF2), is superior to its rice homolog (OsADF2) in conferring drought and salt tolerance when constitutively overexpressed in rice. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2019; 17:188-205. [PMID: 29851294 PMCID: PMC6330539 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Actin-depolymerizing factors (ADFs) maintain the cellular actin network dynamics by regulating severing and disassembly of actin filaments in response to environmental cues. An ADF isolated from a monocot halophyte, Spartina alterniflora (SaADF2), imparted significantly higher level of drought and salinity tolerance when expressed in rice than its rice homologue OsADF2. SaADF2 differs from OsADF2 by a few amino acid residues, including a substitution in the regulatory phosphorylation site serine-6, which accounted for its weak interaction with OsCDPK6 (calcium-dependent protein kinase), thus resulting in an increased efficacy of SaADF2 and enhanced cellular actin dynamics. SaADF2 overexpression preserved the actin filament organization better in rice protoplasts under desiccation stress. The predicted tertiary structure of SaADF2 showed a longer F-loop than OsADF2 that could have contributed to higher actin-binding affinity and rapid F-actin depolymerization in vitro by SaADF2. Rice transgenics constitutively overexpressing SaADF2 (SaADF2-OE) showed better growth, relative water content, and photosynthetic and agronomic yield under drought conditions than wild-type (WT) and OsADF2 overexpressers (OsADF2-OE). SaADF2-OE preserved intact grana structure after prolonged drought stress, whereas WT and OsADF2-OE presented highly damaged and disorganized grana stacking. The possible role of ADF2 in transactivation was hypothesized from the comparative transcriptome analyses, which showed significant differential expression of stress-related genes including interacting partners of ADF2 in overexpressers. Identification of a complex, differential interactome decorating or regulating stress-modulated cytoskeleton driven by ADF isoforms will lead us to key pathways that could be potential target for genome engineering to improve abiotic stress tolerance in agricultural crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Sengupta
- School of PlantEnvironmental and Soil SciencesLouisiana State University Agricultural CenterBaton RougeLAUSA
| | - Venkata Mangu
- School of PlantEnvironmental and Soil SciencesLouisiana State University Agricultural CenterBaton RougeLAUSA
- Present address:
Department of BiochemistrySchool of Dental MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Luis Sanchez
- School of PlantEnvironmental and Soil SciencesLouisiana State University Agricultural CenterBaton RougeLAUSA
- Present address:
Escuela Superior Politécnica del LitoralCentro de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas del EcuadorGuayaquilEcuador
| | - Renesh Bedre
- School of PlantEnvironmental and Soil SciencesLouisiana State University Agricultural CenterBaton RougeLAUSA
- Present address:
Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension CenterWeslacoTXUSA
| | - Rohit Joshi
- School of PlantEnvironmental and Soil SciencesLouisiana State University Agricultural CenterBaton RougeLAUSA
- Present address:
School of Life SciencesJawaharlal Nehru UniversityNew DelhiIndia
| | | | - Niranjan Baisakh
- School of PlantEnvironmental and Soil SciencesLouisiana State University Agricultural CenterBaton RougeLAUSA
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20
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Wang J, Song Z, Jia H, Yang S, Zhang H. Characterization of wheat TaSnRK2.7 promoter in Arabidopsis. PLANTA 2018; 248:1393-1401. [PMID: 30121873 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-2984-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Expression of TaSnRK2.7 promoter is strongly induced under abiotic stress and could be used as a valuable tool for improving plant stress resistance via transgenic techniques. The sucrose non-fermenting 1-related protein kinase 2 (SnRK2) gene family plays pivotal roles in response to abiotic stresses (drought, salinity and cold). Here, we studied the expression of five wheat TaSnRK2.7 promoter-5'-deletion constructs (- 2547, - 1621, - 806, - 599, and - 254) fused to beta-glucuronidase (GUS) in Arabidopsis. Tissue-expression analysis revealed that the - 254 to ATG fragment was sufficient for inducing GUS expression in hypocotyls. Additionally, the - 806 to - 599 and - 2547 to - 1621 fragments contained leaf- and root-specific elements, respectively. Deletion analysis showed that these fragments were unresponsive to ABA treatment, suggesting that TaSnRK2.7 participates in an ABA-independent signaling pathway. Assays examining stress responses of constructs demonstrated that the - 599 to - 254 and - 806 to - 599 fragments contained elements responsive to abiotic and osmotic stress, respectively. The TaSnRK2.7 promoter contained enhancers from - 806 to - 254 and - 2547 to - 1621, while the - 1621 to - 806 fragment contained negative regulatory elements that restrict root and leaf gene expression in response to abiotic stress. Furthermore, under drought and salt stress, the TaSnRK2.7 promoter conferred greater gene expression in leaves than the rd29A promoter, even though both were induced by abiotic stress. These findings enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind TaSnRK2.7 action, which should prove useful in transgenic studies investigating stress-induced gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Wang
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Zhaopeng Song
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Hongfang Jia
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Shen Yang
- Land Fertilizer Management Station of Shangqiu District, Shangqiu, 476000, China
| | - Hongying Zhang
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
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Gebretsadik K, Kiflu A. Challenges and Opportunities of Genetically Modified Crops Production; Future Perspectives in Ethiopia, Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.2174/1874331501819010240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Introduction:Genetically modified (GM) crop species were proven to be a solution for the increasing food consumption in many countries. The cultivation of transgenic plants is increasing from time to time. In 2017 alone, 27 different genetically modified (GM) crop species were produced in 40 countries.Explanation:Biotechnology is revolutionizing science, promising to solve hunger, malnutrition and production demands of industrial raw materials from plants. However, there are biosafety concerns that GM crops may have unintended and hazardous impacts on living organisms well-being and environment both on target and non-target organisms. To tackle such potential problems many countries are implementing international as well as national biosafety regulations. America, Brazil, Belgium, China and India are among the top GM crop users in the world, whereas Egypt, Sudan, South Africa and Burkina Faso are leading GM crop producers in Africa. Ethiopia has also developed its own policy and biosafety regulations for biotechnology products.Conclusion:The Ethiopian government has given due attention to GM crops as a tool for the transformation of agricultural productivity and quality. Before a couple of years, Bt cotton (cotton containing toxic protein fromBacillus thuringiensis) has been introduced to Ethiopia and is expected to bring fundamental change in the production of fibers for the textile industries and also will have crucial consequence to the forthcoming use of the modern biotechnological Science in the country. The introduction of Bt cotton is a typical example worth mentioning here which shows a relative flexibility of the current Ethiopian biosafety regulation. This paper reviews the possible challenges and opportunities of using GM crops in Ethiopia.
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22
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Dhanyalakshmi KH, Nataraja KN. Mulberry (Morus spp.) has the features to treat as a potential perennial model system. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2018; 13:e1491267. [PMID: 30047827 PMCID: PMC6149411 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2018.1491267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Mulberry (Morus spp.), a commercially exploited tree species as the host of monophagous pest silk worm (Bombyx mori), belongs to the family Moraceae. The domesticated tree has diverse beneficial characters such as traits associated with rapid growth and biomass production, plant insect/microbe interaction, abiotic stress tolerance and the traits associated with nutritional and medicinal values; some of which have been exploited. Draft genome of Morus notabilis has been sequenced and a large volume of transcriptome and genomic resources have been generated. In this review an attempt has been made to examine the options for considering mulberry as another tree model system to study unique traits associated with perennial systems. The diverse traits and features in mulberry suggest that the system can be a "comprehensive trait integrated tree system" quite different from other model tree systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. H. Dhanyalakshmi
- Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - K. N. Nataraja
- Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru, India
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23
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Janská A, Svoboda P, Spiwok V, Kučera L, Ovesná J. The dehydration stress of couch grass is associated with its lipid metabolism, the induction of transporters and the re-programming of development coordinated by ABA. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:317. [PMID: 29720087 PMCID: PMC5930771 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4700-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The wild relatives of crop species represent a potentially valuable source of novel genetic variation, particularly in the context of improving the crop’s level of tolerance to abiotic stress. The mechanistic basis of these tolerances remains largely unexplored. Here, the focus was to characterize the transcriptomic response of the nodes (meristematic tissue) of couch grass (a relative of barley) to dehydration stress, and to compare it to that of the barley crown formed by both a drought tolerant and a drought sensitive barley cultivar. Results Many of the genes up-regulated in the nodes by the stress were homologs of genes known to be mediated by abscisic acid during the response to drought, or were linked to either development or lipid metabolism. Transporters also featured prominently, as did genes acting on root architecture. The resilience of the couch grass node arise from both their capacity to develop an altered, more effective root architecture, but also from their formation of a lipid barrier on their outer surface and their ability to modify both their lipid metabolism and transporter activity when challenged by dehydration stress. Conclusions Our analysis revealed the nature of dehydration stress response in couch grass. We suggested the tolerance is associated with lipid metabolism, the induction of transporters and the re-programming of development coordinated by ABA. We also proved the applicability of barley microarray for couch grass stress-response analysis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-4700-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Janská
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Svoboda
- Division of Crop Genetics and Breeding, Crop Research Institute, Prague, Czech Republic. .,Factulty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Vojtěch Spiwok
- Factulty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Kučera
- Division of Crop Genetics and Breeding, Crop Research Institute, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslava Ovesná
- Division of Crop Genetics and Breeding, Crop Research Institute, Prague, Czech Republic
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Identification and validation of reference genes for qRT-PCR analysis in mulberry (Morus alba L.). PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194129. [PMID: 29543877 PMCID: PMC5854264 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mulberry (Morus alba L.) is an important economic tree species in many countries. Quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) has become a widely used method for gene expression studies in plants. A suitable reference gene is essential to ensure accurate and reliable results for qRT-PCR analyses. However, no reports describing the selection of reference genes have been published for mulberry. In this work, we evaluated the stability of twenty candidate reference genes in different plant tissues and under different stress conditions by qRT-PCR in mulberry using algorithms in two programs—geNorm and NormFinder. The results revealed that TUB2, UBI4, ACTIN3 and RPL4 were ranked as the most stable reference genes in the samples subsets, whereas EF1α4 and TUB3showed the least stability with both algorithms. To further validate the stability of the reference genes, the expression patterns of six genes of mulberry were analyzed by normalization with the selected reference genes. Our study will benefit future analyses of gene expression in mulberry.
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25
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Kalapos B, Novák A, Dobrev P, Vítámvás P, Marincs F, Galiba G, Vanková R. Effect of the Winter Wheat Cheyenne 5A Substituted Chromosome on Dynamics of Abscisic Acid and Cytokinins in Freezing-Sensitive Chinese Spring Genetic Background. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:2033. [PMID: 29238355 PMCID: PMC5712565 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.02033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The effect of short- and long-term cold treatment on the abscisic acid (ABA) and cytokinin (CK) metabolism, and their main biosynthesis- and signaling-related genes were investigated in freezing-sensitive and freezing-tolerant wheat genotypes. Varieties Cheyenne and Chinese Spring substituted with the 5A Cheyenne chromosome, which represented freezing-tolerant genotypes, were compared with the freezing-sensitive Chinese Spring. Hormone levels and gene expression data indicated that the short- and long-term cold treatments are associated with specific regulation of the accumulation of cold-protective proteins and phytohormone levels, as well as the expression profiles of the hormone-related genes. The significant differences were observed between the genotypes, and between their leaf and crown tissues, too. The level of dehydrins, including WCS120 protein, and expression of WCS120 gene were considerably higher in the freezing-tolerant genotypes after 21 days of cold treatment. Expression of Cor14b and CBF14, cold-responsive regulator genes, was increased by cold treatment in all genotypes, to higher extent in freezing-tolerant genotypes. Cluster analysis revealed that the tolerant genotypes had a similar response to cold treatment, regarding expression of the ABA and CK metabolic genes, as well as hormone levels in leaves. As far as hormone levels in crowns are concerned, however, the strongly freezing-tolerant Cheyenne variety clustered separately from the Chinese Spring and the substitution line, which were more similar to each other after both 1 and 21 days of cold treatment than to Cheyenne. Based on these results we concluded that the 5A chromosome of wheat might have both a direct and an indirect impact on the phytohormone-dependent cold-induced freezing tolerance. Based on the gene expression data, novel genetic markers could be developed, which may be used to determine the freezing tolerance level in a wide range of wheat varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Kalapos
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Martonvásár, Hungary
- Festetics Doctoral School, Georgikon Faculty, University of Pannonia, Keszthely, Hungary
| | - Aliz Novák
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Martonvásár, Hungary
- Festetics Doctoral School, Georgikon Faculty, University of Pannonia, Keszthely, Hungary
| | - Petre Dobrev
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czechia
| | - Pavel Vítámvás
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Crop Research Institute, Prague, Czechia
| | - Ferenc Marincs
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Martonvásár, Hungary
- Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, National Agricultural Research and Innovation Centre, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Gábor Galiba
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Martonvásár, Hungary
- Festetics Doctoral School, Georgikon Faculty, University of Pannonia, Keszthely, Hungary
| | - Radomira Vanková
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czechia
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Parmar N, Singh KH, Sharma D, Singh L, Kumar P, Nanjundan J, Khan YJ, Chauhan DK, Thakur AK. Genetic engineering strategies for biotic and abiotic stress tolerance and quality enhancement in horticultural crops: a comprehensive review. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:239. [PMID: 28702937 PMCID: PMC5507805 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0870-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic engineering technique offers myriads of applications in improvement of horticultural crops for biotic and abiotic stress tolerance, and produce quality enhancement. During last two decades, a large number of transgenic horticultural crops has been developed and more are underway. A number of genes including natural and synthetic Cry genes, protease inhibitors, trypsin inhibitors and cystatin genes have been used to incorporate insect and nematode resistance. For providing protection against fungal and bacterial diseases, various genes like chitinase, glucanase, osmotin, defensin and pathogenesis-related genes are being transferred to many horticultural crops world over. RNAi technique has been found quite successful in inducing virus resistance in horticultural crops in addition to coat protein genes. Abiotic stresses such as drought, heat and salinity adversely affect production and productivity of horticultural crops and a number of genes encoding for biosynthesis of stress protecting compounds including mannitol, glycine betaine and heat shock proteins have been employed for abiotic stress tolerance besides various transcription factors like DREB1, MAPK, WRKY, etc. Antisense gene and RNAi technologies have revolutionized the pace of improvement of horticultural crops, particularly ornamentals for color modification, increasing shelf-life and reducing post-harvest losses. Precise genome editing tools, particularly CRISPR/Cas9, have been efficiently applied in tomato, petunia, citrus, grape, potato and apple for gene mutation, repression, activation and epigenome editing. This review provides comprehensive overview to draw the attention of researchers for better understanding of genetic engineering advancements in imparting biotic and abiotic stress tolerance as well as on improving various traits related to quality, texture, plant architecture modification, increasing shelf-life, etc. in different horticultural crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehanjali Parmar
- Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, HP, 173 230, India.
| | | | - Deepika Sharma
- ICAR-Directorate of Rapeseed-Mustard Research, Bharatpur, Rajasthan, 321 303, India
| | - Lal Singh
- ICAR-Directorate of Rapeseed-Mustard Research, Bharatpur, Rajasthan, 321 303, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, 110 067, India
| | - J Nanjundan
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Regional Station, Wellington, The Nilgiris, Tamilnadu, 643 231, India
| | - Yasin Jeshima Khan
- Division of Genomic Resources, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, PUSA Campus, New Delhi, 110 012, India
| | - Devendra Kumar Chauhan
- Division of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Chatha, Jammu, J&K, 180 009, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Thakur
- ICAR-Directorate of Rapeseed-Mustard Research, Bharatpur, Rajasthan, 321 303, India
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Xia K, Wang B, Zhang J, Li Y, Yang H, Ren D. Arabidopsis phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C 4 negatively regulates seedling salt tolerance. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:1317-1331. [PMID: 28102910 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Previous physiological and pharmacological studies have suggested that the activity of phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) plays an important role in regulating plant salt stress responses by altering the intracellular Ca2+ concentration. However, the individual members of plant PLCs involved in this process need to be identified. Here, the function of AtPLC4 in the salt stress response of Arabidopsis seedlings was analysed. plc4 mutant seedlings showed hyposensitivity to salt stress compared with Col-0 wild-type seedlings, and the salt hyposensitive phenotype could be complemented by the expression of native promoter-controlled AtPLC4. Transgenic seedlings with AtPLC4 overexpression (AtPLC4 OE) exhibited a salt-hypersensitive phenotype, while transgenic seedlings with its inactive mutant expression (AtPLC4m OE) did not exhibit this phenotype. Using aequorin as a Ca2+ indicator in plc4 mutant and AtPLC4 OE seedlings, AtPLC4 was shown to positively regulate the salt-induced Ca2+ increase. The salt-hypersensitive phenotype of AtPLC4 OE seedlings was partially rescued by EGTA. An analysis of salt-responsive genes revealed that the transcription of RD29B, MYB15 and ZAT10 was inversely regulated in plc4 mutant and AtPLC4 OE seedlings. Our findings suggest that AtPLC4 negatively regulates the salt tolerance of Arabidopsis seedlings, and Ca2+ may be involved in regulating this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keke Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiewei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hailian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Dongtao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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Zhang H, Jing R, Mao X. Functional Characterization of TaSnRK2.8 Promoter in Response to Abiotic Stresses by Deletion Analysis in Transgenic Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1198. [PMID: 28751901 PMCID: PMC5507967 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Drought, salinity, and cold are the major factors limiting wheat quality and productivity; it is thus highly desirable to characterize the abiotic-stress-inducible promoters suitable for the genetic improvement of plant resistance. The sucrose non-fermenting 1-related protein kinase 2 (SnRK2) family genes show distinct regulatory properties in response to abiotic stresses. The present study characterized the approximately 3000-bp upstream sequence (the 313 bp upstream of the ATG was the transcription start site) of the Triticum aestivum TaSnRK2.8 promoter under abscisic acid (ABA) and abiotic stresses. Four different-length 5' deletion fragments of TaSnRK2.8 promoter were fused with the GUS reporter gene and transformed into Arabidopsis. Tissue expression analysis showed that the TaSnRK2.8 promoter region from position -1481 to -821 contained the stalk-specific elements, and the region from position -2631 to -1481 contained the leaf- and root-specific elements. In the ABA-treated seedlings, the deletion analysis showed that the TaSnRK2.8 promoter region from position -821 to -2631 contained ABA response elements. The abiotic stress responses of the TaSnRK2.8 promoter derivatives demonstrated that they harbored abiotic-stress response elements: the region from position -821 to -408 harbored the osmotic-stress response elements, whereas the region from position -2631 to -1481 contained the positive regulatory motifs and the region from position -1481 to -821 contained the leaf- and stalk-specific enhancers. Further deletion analysis of the promoter region from position -821 to -408 indicated that a 125-bp region from position -693 to -568 was required to induce an osmotic-stress response. These results contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of TaSnRK2.8 in response to abiotic stresses, and the TaSnRK2.8 promoter seems to be a candidate for regulating the expression of abiotic stress response genes in transgenic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Zhang
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou, China
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Ruilian Jing
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Xinguo Mao
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing, China
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Sarkar T, Mogili T, Sivaprasad V. Improvement of abiotic stress adaptive traits in mulberry (Morus spp.): an update on biotechnological interventions. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:214. [PMID: 28669073 PMCID: PMC5494030 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0829-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mulberry (Morus spp.), being an economically important tree, is cultivated in China, India, Thailand, Brazil, Uzbekistan and other Countries across the globe, for its leaves to feed monophagous mulberry silkworm (Bombyx mori). The sustainability of silk industry is directly correlated with the production and continuous supply of high-quality mulberry leaves. In India, it is cultivated on large scale in tropical, sub-tropical and temperate regions under irrigated conditions for silkworm rearing. Drought, low temperature, high salinity and alkalinity, being experienced in widespread areas, are the major abiotic stresses, causing reduction in its potential foliage yield and quality. Further, climate change effects may worsen the productivity of mulberry in near future, not only in India but also across the globe. Although traditional breeding methods contributed immensely towards the development of abiotic stress-tolerant mulberry varieties, still there is lot of scope for implementation of modern genomic and molecular biology tools for accelerating mulberry genetic improvement programmes. This review discusses omics approaches, molecular breeding, plant tissue culture and genetic engineering techniques exploited for mulberry genetic improvement for abiotic stress tolerance. However, high-throughput biotechnological tools such as RNA interference, virus-induced gene silencing, epigenomics and genome editing tools need to be utilized in mulberry to accelerate the progress of functional genomics. The application of genomic tools such as genetic engineering, marker-assisted selection and genomic selection in breeding programmes can hasten the development of climate resilient and productive mulberry varieties leading to the vertical and horizontal expansion for quality silk production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmoy Sarkar
- Central Sericultural Research & Training Institute (CSRTI), Mysuru, Karnataka, 570 008, India.
| | - Thallapally Mogili
- Central Sericultural Research & Training Institute (CSRTI), Mysuru, Karnataka, 570 008, India
| | - Vankadara Sivaprasad
- Central Sericultural Research & Training Institute (CSRTI), Mysuru, Karnataka, 570 008, India
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Yu D, Zhang L, Zhao K, Niu R, Zhai H, Zhang J. VaERD15, a Transcription Factor Gene Associated with Cold-Tolerance in Chinese Wild Vitis amurensis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:297. [PMID: 28326090 PMCID: PMC5339311 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Early responsive to dehydration (ERD) genes can be rapidly induced to counteract abiotic stresses, such as drought, low temperatures or high salinities. Here, we report on an ERD gene (VaERD15) related to cold tolerance from Chinese wild Vitis amurensis accession 'Heilongjiang seedling'. The full-length VaERD15 cDNA is 685 bp, including a 66 bp 5'-untranslated region (UTR), a 196 bp 3'-UTR region and a 423 bp open reading frame encoding 140 amino acids. The VaERD15 protein shares a high amino acid sequence similarity with ERD15 of Arabidopsis thaliana. In our study, VaERD15 was shown to have a nucleic localization function and a transcriptional activation function. Semi-quantitative PCR and Western blot analyses showed that VaERD15 was constitutively expressed in young leaves, stems and roots of V. amurensis accession 'Heilongjiang seedling' plants, and expression levels increased after low-temperature treatment. We also generated a transgenic Arabidopsis Col-0 line that over-expressed VaERD15 and carried out a cold-treatment assay. Real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot analyses showed that as the duration of cold treatment increased, the expression of both gene and protein levels increased continuously in the transgenic plants, while almost no expression was detected in the wild type Arabidopsis. Moreover, the plants that over-expressed VaERD15 showed higher cold tolerance and accumulation of proline, soluble sugars, proteins, malondialdehyde and three antioxidases (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase). Lower levels of relative ion leakage also occurred under cold stress. Taken together, our results indicate that the transcription factor VaERD15 was induced by cold stress and was able to enhance cold tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Yu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of AgricultureYangling, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Lihua Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of AgricultureYangling, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Kai Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of AgricultureYangling, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Ruxuan Niu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of AgricultureYangling, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Huan Zhai
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of AgricultureYangling, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Jianxia Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of AgricultureYangling, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
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Saeed B, Khurana P. Transcription activation activity of ERD15 protein from Morus indica. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 111:174-178. [PMID: 27940268 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Early Responsive to Dehydration (ERD) genes are described as rapid response mediators of dehydration stress. Recently, ERD15 has emerged as a novel stress induced transcription factor which might be involved in mediating distinct stress responses in plants. In order to determine whether mulberry ERD15 can act as functional transcription factor, yeast-based assays were performed. Mulberry ERD15 was found to drive high level reporter gene expression in yeast which suggests it may function as a transcription factor. However, due to lack of an identifiable DNA binding domain, deletion analysis was carried out to determine the putative region of the protein involved in mediating protein-DNA interaction. Our results indicate that the region between 70 and 100 amino acids is critical in conferring transcription activation activity and might harbor the DNA binding region of ERD15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Saeed
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India.
| | - Paramjit Khurana
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India.
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Noman A, Kanwal H, Khalid N, Sanaullah T, Tufail A, Masood A, Sabir SUR, Aqeel M, He S. Perspective Research Progress in Cold Responses of Capsella bursa-pastoris. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1388. [PMID: 28855910 PMCID: PMC5557727 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Plants respond to cold stress by modulating biochemical pathways and array of molecular events. Plant morphology is also affected by the onset of cold conditions culminating at repression in growth as well as yield reduction. As a preventive measure, cascades of complex signal transduction pathways are employed that permit plants to endure freezing or chilling periods. The signaling pathways and related events are regulated by the plant hormonal activity. Recent investigations have provided a prospective understanding about plant response to cold stress by means of developmental pathways e.g., moderate growth involved in cold tolerance. Cold acclimation assays and bioinformatics analyses have revealed the role of potential transcription factors and expression of genes like CBF, COR in response to low temperature stress. Capsella bursa-pastoris is a considerable model plant system for evolutionary and developmental studies. On different occasions it has been proved that C. bursa-pastoris is more capable of tolerating cold than A. thaliana. But, the mechanism for enhanced low or freezing temperature tolerance is still not clear and demands intensive research. Additionally, identification and validation of cold responsive genes in this candidate plant species is imperative for plant stress physiology and molecular breeding studies to improve cold tolerance in crops. We have analyzed the role of different genes and hormones in regulating plant cold resistance with special reference to C. bursa-pastoris. Review of collected data displays potential ability of Capsella as model plant for improvement in cold stress regulation. Information is summarized on cold stress signaling by hormonal control which highlights the substantial achievements and designate gaps that still happen in our understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Noman
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- Department of Botany, Government College UniversityFaisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Hina Kanwal
- Department of Botany, Government College Women UniversityFaisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Noreen Khalid
- Department of Botany, Government College Women UniversitySialkot, Pakistan
| | - Tayyaba Sanaullah
- Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultan, Pakistan
| | - Aasma Tufail
- Division of Science & Technology, Department of Botany, University of EducationLahore, Pakistan
| | - Atifa Masood
- Department of Botany, University of LahoreSargodha, Pakistan
| | - Sabeeh-ur-Rasool Sabir
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Science, Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Aqeel
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Science, Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Muhammad Aqeel
| | - Shuilin He
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- National Education Minister, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- Shuilin He
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Chen J, Fan L, Du Y, Zhu W, Tang Z, Li N, Zhang D, Zhang L. Temporal and spatial expression and function of TaDlea3 in Triticum aestivum during developmental stages under drought stress. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 252:290-299. [PMID: 27717465 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress is a major factor limiting wheat growth and productivity. Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins are tolerant to water-related stress. To reveal the regulatory mechanisms of LEA proteins under drought stress, we cloned a novel group 3 LEA gene, namely, TaDlea3, from wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Shaanhe 6. Subcellular localization assay showed that TaDlea3 protein accumulated in the cytoplasm. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction results revealed that TaDlea3 expression was induced by drought stress. Western blot results indicated that TaDlea3 protein expression gradually increased with drought stress during four different developmental stages. Under normal conditions, no obvious phenotype difference was observed between the transgenic and wild-type seedlings. Meanwhile, the overexpression of TaDlea3 in Arabidopsis resulted in enhanced tolerance to drought stress, as determined by the assessment of antioxidant enzyme activities. Our results provide a basis for highly detailed functional analyses of LEA proteins and offer a promising approach for improving the tolerances of wheat cultivars to drought stress through genetic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Lei Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Ya Du
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Weining Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi' an 710069, PR China
| | - Ziqin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Dapeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Linsheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China.
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Nongpiur RC, Singla-Pareek SL, Pareek A. Genomics Approaches For Improving Salinity Stress Tolerance in Crop Plants. Curr Genomics 2016; 17:343-57. [PMID: 27499683 PMCID: PMC4955028 DOI: 10.2174/1389202917666160331202517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Salinity is one of the major factors which reduces crop production worldwide. Plant responses to salinity are highly complex and involve a plethora of genes. Due to its multigenicity, it has been difficult to attain a complete understanding of how plants respond to salinity. Genomics has progressed tremendously over the past decade and has played a crucial role towards providing necessary knowledge for crop improvement. Through genomics, we have been able to identify and characterize the genes involved in salinity stress response, map out signaling pathways and ultimately utilize this information for improving the salinity tolerance of existing crops. The use of new tools, such as gene pyramiding, in genetic engineering and marker assisted breeding has tremendously enhanced our ability to generate stress tolerant crops. Genome editing technologies such as Zinc finger nucleases, TALENs and CRISPR/Cas9 also provide newer and faster avenues for plant biologists to generate precisely engineered crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramsong Chantre Nongpiur
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067,India
| | - Sneh Lata Singla-Pareek
- Plant Molecular Biology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Road, New Delhi 110067,India
| | - Ashwani Pareek
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067,India
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Gao Q, Li X, Jia J, Zhao P, Liu P, Liu Z, Ge L, Chen S, Qi D, Deng B, Lee BH, Liu G, Cheng L. Overexpression of a novel cold-responsive transcript factor LcFIN1 from sheepgrass enhances tolerance to low temperature stress in transgenic plants. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2016; 14:861-74. [PMID: 26234381 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Revised: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
As a perennial forage crop broadly distributed in eastern Eurasia, sheepgrass (Leymus chinensis (Trin.) Tzvel) is highly tolerant to low-temperature stress. Previous report indicates that sheepgrass is able to endure as low as -47.5 °C,allowing it to survive through the cold winter season. However, due to the lack of sufficient studies, the underlying mechanism towards the extraordinary low-temperature tolerance is unclear. Although the transcription profiling has provided insight into the transcriptome response to cold stress, more detailed studies are required to dissect the molecular mechanism regarding the excellent abiotic stress tolerance. In this work, we report a novel transcript factor LcFIN1 (L. chinensis freezing-induced 1) from sheepgrass. LcFIN1 showed no homology with other known genes and was rapidly and highly induced by cold stress, suggesting that LcFIN1 participates in the early response to cold stress. Consistently, ectopic expression of LcFIN1 significantly increased cold stress tolerance in the transgenic plants, as indicated by the higher survival rate, fresh weight and other stress-related indexes after a freezing treatment. Transcriptome analysis showed that numerous stress-related genes were differentially expressed in LcFIN1-overexpressing plants, suggesting that LcFIN1 may enhance plant abiotic stress tolerance by transcriptional regulation. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays and CHIP-qPCR showed that LcCBF1 can bind to the CRT/DRE cis-element located in the promoter region of LcFIN1, suggesting that LcFIN1 is directly regulated by LcCBF1. Taken together, our results suggest that LcFIN1 positively regulates plant adaptation response to cold stress and is a promising candidate gene to improve crop cold tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junting Jia
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pincang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Panpan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhujiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liangfa Ge
- Plant Biology Division, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, OK, USA
| | - Shuangyan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dongmei Qi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Deng
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agriculture University, Beijing, China
| | - Byung-Hyun Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), IALS, PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Gongshe Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liqin Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Saeed B, Baranwal VK, Khurana P. Comparative transcriptomics and comprehensive marker resource development in mulberry. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:98. [PMID: 26846165 PMCID: PMC4743097 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2417-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High potential of Morus laevigata and Morus serrata has been proposed in the breeding programs for Morus sp. However, due to the lack of dense molecular markers this goal is still in its nascent stage and not yet realized. We thus, sequenced the transcriptomes of these two wild Morus species and utilized the data for marker development. RESULTS We generated 87.0 and 80.3 Mb of transcriptome data from M. laevigata and M. serrata, respectively. The transcriptomes from M. laevigata and M. serrata, were assembled into 95,181 and 85,269 transcripts, respectively, and annotated. We identified around 24,049 Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs), 1,201,326 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) and 67,875 Insertion-Deletions (InDels). The variants having a higher impact were also identified and their effect was further investigated. CONCLUSIONS The transcriptome resource from the wildly growing mulberry species developed in this study can find wide applicability in gene identification and/or characterization. It can also contribute immensely in the existing mulberry improvement programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Saeed
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India.
| | - Vinay K Baranwal
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India.
| | - Paramjit Khurana
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India.
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Wehner G, Balko C, Humbeck K, Zyprian E, Ordon F. Expression profiling of genes involved in drought stress and leaf senescence in juvenile barley. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 16:3. [PMID: 26733420 PMCID: PMC4702385 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-015-0701-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drought stress in juvenile stages of crop development and premature leaf senescence induced by drought stress have an impact on biomass production and yield formation of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Therefore, in order to get information of regulatory processes involved in the adaptation to drought stress and leaf senescence expression analyses of candidate genes were conducted on a set of 156 barley genotypes in early developmental stages, and expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) were identified by a genome wide association study. RESULTS Significant effects of genotype and treatment were detected for leaf colour measured at BBCH 25 as an indicator of leaf senescence and for the expression level of the genes analysed. Furthermore, significant correlations were detected within the group of genes involved in drought stress (r = 0.84) and those acting in leaf senescence (r = 0.64), as well as between leaf senescence genes and the leaf colour (r = 0.34). Based on these expression data and 3,212 polymorphic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) with a minor allele frequency >5% derived from the Illumina 9 k iSelect SNP Chip, eight cis eQTL and seven trans eQTL were found. Out of these an eQTL located on chromosome 3H at 142.1 cM is of special interest harbouring two drought stress genes (GAD3 and P5CS2) and one leaf senescence gene (Contig7437), as well as an eQTL on chromosome 5H at 44.5 cM in which two genes (TRIUR3 and AVP1) were identified to be associated to drought stress tolerance in a previous study. CONCLUSION With respect to the expression of genes involved in drought stress and early leaf senescence, genotypic differences exist in barley. Major eQTL for the expression of these genes are located on barley chromosome 3H and 5H. Respective markers may be used in future barley breeding programmes for improving tolerance to drought stress and leaf senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwendolin Wehner
- Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Resistance Research and Stress Tolerance, Rudolf-Schick-Platz 3, 18190, Sanitz, Germany.
- Interdisciplinary Center for Crop Plant Research (IZN), Hoher Weg 8, 06120, Halle, Germany.
| | - Christiane Balko
- Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Resistance Research and Stress Tolerance, Rudolf-Schick-Platz 3, 18190, Sanitz, Germany.
| | - Klaus Humbeck
- Interdisciplinary Center for Crop Plant Research (IZN), Hoher Weg 8, 06120, Halle, Germany.
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Biology, Weinbergweg 10, 06120, Halle, Germany.
| | - Eva Zyprian
- Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Grapevine Breeding, Geilweilerhof, 76833, Siebeldingen, Germany.
| | - Frank Ordon
- Interdisciplinary Center for Crop Plant Research (IZN), Hoher Weg 8, 06120, Halle, Germany.
- Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Resistance Research and Stress Tolerance, Erwin-Baur-Str. 27, 06484, Quedlinburg, Germany.
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Gürel F, Öztürk ZN, Uçarlı C, Rosellini D. Barley Genes as Tools to Confer Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Crops. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1137. [PMID: 27536305 PMCID: PMC4971604 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Barley is one of the oldest cultivated crops in the world with a high adaptive capacity. The natural tolerance of barley to stress has led to increasing interest in identification of stress responsive genes through small/large-scale omics studies, comparative genomics, and overexpression of some of these genes by genetic transformation. Two major categories of proteins involved in stress tolerance are transcription factors (TFs) responsible from the re-programming of the metabolism in stress environment, and genes encoding Late Embryogenesis Abundant (LEA) proteins, antioxidant enzymes, osmolytes, and transporters. Constitutive overexpression of several barley TFs, such as C-repeat binding factors (HvCBF4), dehydration-responsive element-binding factors (HvDREB1), and WRKYs (HvWRKY38), in transgenic plants resulted in higher tolerance to drought and salinity, possibly by effectively altering the expression levels of stress tolerance genes due to their higher DNA binding affinity. Na(+)/H(+) antiporters, channel proteins, and lipid transporters can also be the strong candidates for engineering plants for tolerance to salinity and low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filiz Gürel
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Istanbul UniversityIstanbul, Turkey
- *Correspondence: Filiz Gürel
| | - Zahide N. Öztürk
- Department of Agricultural Genetic Engineering, Ayhan Şahenk Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Niğde UniversityNiğde, Turkey
| | - Cüneyt Uçarlı
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Istanbul UniversityIstanbul, Turkey
| | - Daniele Rosellini
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Environmental Sciences, University of PerugiaPerugia, Italy
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Pedrosa AM, Martins CDPS, Gonçalves LP, Costa MGC. Late Embryogenesis Abundant (LEA) Constitutes a Large and Diverse Family of Proteins Involved in Development and Abiotic Stress Responses in Sweet Orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osb.). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145785. [PMID: 26700652 PMCID: PMC4689376 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Late Embryogenesis Abundant (LEA) proteins are an ubiquitous group of polypeptides that were first described to accumulate during plant seed dehydration, at the later stages of embryogenesis. Since then they have also been recorded in vegetative plant tissues experiencing water limitation and in anhydrobiotic bacteria and invertebrates and, thereby, correlated with the acquisition of desiccation tolerance. This study provides the first comprehensive study about the LEA gene family in sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osb.), the most important and widely grown fruit crop around the world. A surprisingly high number (72) of genes encoding C. sinensis LEAs (CsLEAs) were identified and classified into seven groups (LEA_1, LEA_2, LEA_3 and LEA_4, LEA_5, DEHYDRIN and SMP) based on their predicted amino acid sequences and also on their phylogenetic relationships with the complete set of Arabidopsis thaliana LEA proteins (AtLEAs). Approximately 60% of the CsLEAs identified in this study belongs to the unusual LEA_2 group of more hydrophobic LEA proteins, while the other LEA groups contained a relatively small number of members typically hydrophilic. A correlation between gene structure and motif composition was observed within each LEA group. Investigation of their chromosomal localizations revealed that the CsLEAs were non-randomly distributed across all nine chromosomes and that 33% of all CsLEAs are segmentally or tandemly duplicated genes. Analysis of the upstream sequences required for transcription revealed the presence of various stress-responsive cis-acting regulatory elements in the promoter regions of CsLEAs, including ABRE, DRE/CRT, MYBS and LTRE. Expression analysis using both RNA-seq data and quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qPCR) revealed that the CsLEA genes are widely expressed in various tissues, and that many genes containing the ABRE promoter sequence are induced by drought, salt and PEG. These results provide a useful reference for further exploration of the CsLEAs functions and applications on crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andresa Muniz Pedrosa
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Cristina de Paula Santos Martins
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Luana Pereira Gonçalves
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Marcio Gilberto Cardoso Costa
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Janmohammadi M, Zolla L, Rinalducci S. Low temperature tolerance in plants: Changes at the protein level. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2015; 117:76-89. [PMID: 26068669 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Low temperature (LT) is one of several important environmental stresses influencing plant performance and distribution. Adaptation to LT is a highly dynamic stress-response phenomenon and involves complex cross-talk between different regulatory levels. Although plants differ in their sensitivity to LT, in temperate species low nonfreezing temperatures cause noticeable alterations in various biochemical and physiological processes that can potentially improve freezing tolerance. This adaptation is associated with changes in the expression pattern of genes and their protein products. Proteins are the major players in most cellular events and are directly involved in plant LT responses, thereby proteome analysis could help uncover additional novel proteins associated with LT tolerance. Proteomics is recommended as an appropriate strategy for complementing transcriptome level changes and characterizing translational and post-translational regulations. In this review, we considered alterations in the expression and accumulation of proteins in response to LT stress in the three major cereal crops produced worldwide (wheat, barley, and rice). LT stress down-regulates many photosynthesis-related proteins. On the contrary, pathways/protein sets that are up-regulated by LT include carbohydrate metabolism (ATP formation), ROS scavenging, redox adjustment, cell wall remodelling, cytoskeletal rearrangements, cryoprotection, defence/detoxification. These modifications are common adaptation reactions also observed in the plant model Arabidopsis, thus representing key potential biomarkers and critical intervention points for improving LT tolerance of crop plants in cold regions with short summers. We believe that an assessment of the proteome within a broad time frame and during the different phenological stages may disclose the molecular mechanisms related to the developmental regulation of LT tolerance and facilitate the progress of genetically engineered stress-resistant plant varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Janmohammadi
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Agriculture College, University of Maragheh, Iran
| | - Lello Zolla
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), University of Tuscia, Largo dell'Università snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Sara Rinalducci
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), University of Tuscia, Largo dell'Università snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
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41
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Dang L, Van Damme EJM. Toxic proteins in plants. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2015; 117:51-64. [PMID: 26057229 PMCID: PMC7111729 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2015.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Revised: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved to synthesize a variety of noxious compounds to cope with unfavorable circumstances, among which a large group of toxic proteins that play a critical role in plant defense against predators and microbes. Up to now, a wide range of harmful proteins have been discovered in different plants, including lectins, ribosome-inactivating proteins, protease inhibitors, ureases, arcelins, antimicrobial peptides and pore-forming toxins. To fulfill their role in plant defense, these proteins exhibit various degrees of toxicity towards animals, insects, bacteria or fungi. Numerous studies have been carried out to investigate the toxic effects and mode of action of these plant proteins in order to explore their possible applications. Indeed, because of their biological activities, toxic plant proteins are also considered as potentially useful tools in crop protection and in biomedical applications, such as cancer treatment. Genes encoding toxic plant proteins have been introduced into crop genomes using genetic engineering technology in order to increase the plant's resistance against pathogens and diseases. Despite the availability of ample information on toxic plant proteins, very few publications have attempted to summarize the research progress made during the last decades. This review focuses on the diversity of toxic plant proteins in view of their toxicity as well as their mode of action. Furthermore, an outlook towards the biological role(s) of these proteins and their potential applications is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuyi Dang
- Ghent University, Dept. Molecular Biotechnology, Laboratory Biochemistry and Glycobiology, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
| | - Els J M Van Damme
- Ghent University, Dept. Molecular Biotechnology, Laboratory Biochemistry and Glycobiology, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
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42
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Yu X, Pijut PM, Byrne S, Asp T, Bai G, Jiang Y. Candidate gene association mapping for winter survival and spring regrowth in perennial ryegrass. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 235:37-45. [PMID: 25900564 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) is a widely cultivated cool-season grass species because of its high quality for forage and turf. Susceptibility to freezing damage limits its further use in temperate zones. The objective of this study was to identify candidate genes significantly associated with winter survival and spring regrowth in a global collection of 192 perennial ryegrass accessions. Significant differences in winter survival (WS), percentage of canopy green cover (CGC), chlorophyll index (Chl), and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) were found among accessions. After controlling population structure, LpLEA3 encoding a late embryogenesis abundant group 3 protein and LpCAT encoding a catalase were associated with CGC and Chl, while LpMnSOD encoding a magnesium superoxide dismutase and LpChl Cu-ZnSOD encoding a chlorophyll copper-zinc superoxide dismutase were associated with NDVI or Chl. Significant association was also discovered between C-repeat binding factor LpCBF1b and WS. Three sequence variations identified in LpCAT, LpMnSOD, and LpChl Cu-ZnSOD were synonymous substitutions, whereas one pair of adjacent single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in LpLEA3 and one SNP in LpCBF1b resulted in amino acid change. The results demonstrated that allelic variation in LpLEA3 and LpCBF1b was closely related to winter survival and spring regrowth in perennial ryegrass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Yu
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Paula M Pijut
- USDA-Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Hardwood Tree Improvement and Regeneration Center, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Stephen Byrne
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Research Centre Flakkebjerg, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, Slagelse 4200, Denmark
| | - Torben Asp
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Research Centre Flakkebjerg, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, Slagelse 4200, Denmark
| | - Guihua Bai
- USDA-ARS Hard Winter Wheat Genetics Research Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Yiwei Jiang
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2054, USA.
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La Porta N, Sablok G, Emilliani G, Hietala AM, Giovannelli A, Fontana P, Potenza E, Baldi P. Identification of Low Temperature Stress Regulated Transcript Sequences and Gene Families in Italian Cypress. Mol Biotechnol 2014; 57:407-18. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-014-9833-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Sun ZM, Zhou ML, Xiao XG, Tang YX, Wu YM. Genome-wide analysis of AP2/ERF family genes from Lotus corniculatus shows LcERF054 enhances salt tolerance. Funct Integr Genomics 2014; 14:453-66. [PMID: 24777608 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-014-0372-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Lotus corniculatus is used in agriculture as a main forage plant. Members of the Apetala2/ethylene response factor (AP2/ERF) family play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to many forms of stress, including drought and salt. Here, starting from database of the L. corniculatus var. japonicus genome, we identified 127 AP2/ERF genes by insilico cloning method. The phylogeny, gene structures, and putative conserved motifs in L. corniculatus var. japonicus ERF proteins were analyzed. Based on the number of AP2/ERF domains and the function of the genes, 127 AP2/ERF genes from L. corniculatus var. japonicus were classified into five subfamilies named the AP2, dehydration-responsive element binding factor (DREB), ERF, RAV, and a soloist. Outside the AP2/ERF domain, many L. corniculatus var. japonicus-specific conserved motifs were detected. Expression profile analysis of AP2/ERF genes by quantitative real-time PCR revealed that 19 LcERF genes, including LcERF054 (KJ004728), were significantly induced by salt stress. The results showed that the LcERF054 gene encodes a nuclear transcription activator. Overexpression of LcERF054 in Arabidopsis enhanced the tolerances to salt stress, showed higher germination ratio of seeds, and had elevated levels of relative moisture contents, soluble sugars, proline, and lower levels of malondialdehyde under stress conditions compared to wild-type plants. The expression of hyperosmotic salinity response genes COR15A, LEA4-5, P5CS1, and RD29A was found to be elevated in the LcERF054-overexpressing Arabidopsis plants compared to wild type. These results revealed that the LcERF genes play important roles in L. corniculatus cv Leo under salt stress and that LcERFs are attractive engineering targets in applied efforts to improve abiotic stress tolerances in L. corniculatus cv Leo or other crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan-Min Sun
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Room 211, Zhongguancun South Street No. 12, Haidian District, 100081, Beijing, China
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JcLEA, a novel LEA-like protein from Jatropha curcas, confers a high level of tolerance to dehydration and salinity in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83056. [PMID: 24391737 PMCID: PMC3877014 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Jatropha curcas L. is a highly drought and salt tolerant plant species that is typically used as a traditional folk medicine and biofuel crop in many countries. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that underlie the response to various abiotic environmental stimuli, especially to drought and salt stresses, in J. curcas could be important to crop improvement efforts. In this study, we cloned and characterized the gene for a late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) protein from J. curcas that we designated JcLEA. Sequence analyses showed that the JcLEA protein belongs to group 5, a subgroup of the LEA protein family. In young seedlings, expression of JcLEA is significantly induced by abscisic acid (ABA), dehydration, and salt stress. Subcellular localization analysis shows that that JcLEA protein is distributed in both the nucleus and cytoplasm. Moreover, based on growth status and physiological indices, the overexpression of JcLEA in transgenic Arabidopsis plants conferred increased resistance to both drought and salt stresses compared to the WT. Our data suggests that the group 5 JcLEA protein contributes to drought and salt stress tolerance in plants. Thus, JcLEA is a potential candidate gene for plant genetic modification.
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Checker VG, Khurana P. Molecular and functional characterization of mulberry EST encoding remorin (MiREM) involved in abiotic stress. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2013; 32:1729-41. [PMID: 23942844 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-013-1483-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Group1 remorins may help the plants to optimize their growth under adverse conditions by their involvement in mediating osmotic stress responses in plants. ABSTRACT Mulberry (Morus indica), a deciduous woody tree, serves as the cardinal component of the sericulture industry. Genomic endeavors in sequencing of mulberry ESTs provided clues to stress-specific clones, but their functional relevance remains fragmentary. Therefore in this study, we assessed the functional significance of a remorin gene family member that was identified in leaf ESTs. Remorins represent a large, plant-specific multigene family gaining importance in recent times with respect to their role in plant-microbe interactions, although their role in response to environmental stresses remains speculative as in vivo functions of remorin genes are limited. Mulberry remorin (MiREM) localizes to plasma membrane and is ubiquitously present in all plant organs. Expression analysis of MiREM by northern analysis reveals that its transcript increases under different abiotic stress conditions especially during dehydration and salt stress, implicating it in regulation of stress signaling pathways. Concomitantly, transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing heterologous remorin show tolerance to dehydration and salinity at the germination and seedling stages as revealed by percentage germination, root inhibition assays, fresh weight and activity of photosystem II. This study predicts the possible function of group 1 remorin gene in mediating osmotic stress thus bringing novel perspectives in understanding the function of remorins in plant abiotic stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibha G Checker
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, 110021, India
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Joshi R, Ramanarao MV, Baisakh N. Arabidopsis plants constitutively overexpressing a myo-inositol 1-phosphate synthase gene (SaINO1) from the halophyte smooth cordgrass exhibits enhanced level of tolerance to salt stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2013; 65:61-66. [PMID: 23416497 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2013.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is one of the most important environmental constraints limiting agricultural productivity. Considering the importance of the accumulation of osmolytes, myo-inositol in particular, in halophytic plant's adaptive response to salinity, an effort was made to overexpress the SaINO1 gene from the grass halophyte Spartina alterniflora encoding myo-inositol 1-phosphate synthase (MIPS) in Arabidopsis thaliana. We demonstrated that SaINO1 is a stress-responsive gene and its constitutive over expression in Arabidopsis provides significantly improved tolerance to salt stress during germination and seedling growth and development. The transgenics retained more chlorophyll and carotenoid by protecting the photosystem II. The low level of stress-induced cellular damage in the transgenics was clearly evident by lower accumulation of proline in comparison to WT. Our results indicated that possible overaccumulation of MIPS enzyme in the cytosol protected the transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing SaINO1 from the toxic effect of Na(+) under salt stress by reducing cellular damage and chlorophyll loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Joshi
- School of Plant, Environmental, and Soil Sciences, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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Ribosome-inactivating proteins: from toxins to useful proteins. Toxicon 2013; 67:12-6. [PMID: 23462379 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2013.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Revised: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) either single-chain (type 1) or two-chain (type 2) are frequent in plants, often in multiple forms. They are RNA N-glycosidases, have antiviral, antifungal and insecticidal activity. Their expression in plants is increased under stressful conditions. They are investigated for practical applications in medicine and in agriculture. In medicine, RIPs have been linked to, or fused with, appropriate antibodies or other carriers to form "immunotoxins" or other conjugates specifically toxic to the cells target of the carrier, with the aim of eliminating malignant or other undesired cells. In agriculture, it has been observed that an enhanced expression of RIPs confers to plants an increased resistance to viruses, fungi, insects, and also to drought and salinity.
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Sievers N, Muders K, Henneberg M, Klähn S, Effmert M, Junghans H, Hagemann M. Establishing glucosylglycerol synthesis in potato (Solanum tuberosum l. cv. Albatros) by expression of the ggpPS gene from Azotobacter vinelandii. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.7243/2050-2389-2-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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