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Sadutto D, Picó Y. Validation of LC-MS/MS method for opioid monitoring in Valencia City wastewater: Assessment of synthetic wastewater as potential aid. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:174382. [PMID: 38955278 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a comprehensive and sensitive method for the simultaneous detection of 17 opioids (OPs) and their human metabolites in wastewater using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry was validated. The chromatographic separations of opioids were carried out on a Kinetex® Biphenyl column (1.7 μm, 100 Å, 50 × 2.1 mm). A synthetic wastewater approach was used for recovery studies to mimic a contaminant-free matrix. Two solid-phase extraction (SPE) sorbents (hydrophilic-lipophilic balance and mixed mode with the previous phase and a weak cationic exchange) were studied to optimize sample treatment and obtain higher recoveries. The mixed mode was chosen because the recoveries of 17 target analytes at three spiked concentrations (25, 50, and 100 ng mL-1) were > 80 % for 75 % of the analytes in a simulated wastewater. The intra- and inter-day relative standard deviations (RSDs) were between ±1 % and ±20 %. The method limits of quantification ranged from 5 to 25 ng L-1, the only exceptions being heroin (275 ng L-1) and morphine-3β-glucuronide (250 ng L-1). Suppression/enhancement is comparable between the synthetic and the influent wastewater. The analytical method was applied to the OPs analysis in twenty-one influent samples collected from the treatment plants treating the wastewater of Valencia City (Spain). Twelve OPs were detected with total daily concentrations ranging from 1 ng L-1 to 2135 ng L-1. The widespread presence of these compounds in water suggests potential widespread exposure, highlighting the need for increased environmental awareness. Furthermore, the estimated daily intake results raise concerns about opioid use as a potential future health and social issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Sadutto
- Centre for the Control and Evaluation of Medicines, Chemical Medicines Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanita', Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Yolanda Picó
- Environmental and Food Safety Research Group of the University of Valencia (SAMA-UV), Research Center on Desertification (CIDE), CSIC-UV-GV, Moncada-Naquera Road km 4.5, 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain
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2
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Ding L, Zhang CM. Occurrence, ecotoxicity and ecological risks of psychoactive substances in surface waters. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 926:171788. [PMID: 38499097 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Psychoactive substances (PSs) represent a subset of emerging contaminants. Their widespread production and utilization contribute to a growing ecological burden and risk on a global scale. Conventional wastewater treatment methods have proven insufficient in adequately removing psychoactive substances, leading to their occurrence in surface water ecosystems worldwide. As of present, however, a thorough understanding of their geographical prevalence and distribution patterns remains elusive. Further, in the existing literature, there is a scarcity of comprehensive overviews that systematically summarize the toxicity of various psychoactive substances towards aquatic organisms. Through summarizing almost 140 articles, the present study provides an overview of the sources, pollution status, and biotoxicity of psychoactive substances in surface waters, as well as an assessment of their ecological risks. Concentrations of several psychoactive substances in surface waters were found to be as high as hundreds or even thousands of ng·L-1. In parallel, accumulation of psychoactive substances in the tissues or organs of aquatic organisms was found to potentially cause certain adverse effects, including behavioral disorders, organ damage, and DNA changes. Oxidative stress was found to be a significant factor in the toxic effects of psychoactive substances on organisms. The application of the risk quotient approach indicated that psychoactive substances posed a medium to high risk in certain surface water bodies, as well as the need for sustained long-term attention and management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ding
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Chong-Miao Zhang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China; International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China.
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3
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Andrade HND, Oliveira JFD, Siniscalchi LAB, Costa JDD, Fia R. Global insight into the occurrence, treatment technologies and ecological risk of emerging contaminants in sanitary sewers: Effects of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 921:171075. [PMID: 38402973 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic caused changes in the consumption of prescribed/non-prescribed drugs and the population's habits, influencing the detection and concentration of emerging contaminants (ECs) in sanitary sewage and harming environmental and health risks. Therefore, the present work sought to discuss current literature data on the effects of the "COVID-19 pandemic factor" on the quality of raw sewage produced over a five-year period (2018-2019: pre-pandemic; 2020-2022: during the pandemic) and biological, physical, chemical and hybrid treatment technologies, influencing factors in the removal of ECs and potential ecological risks (RQs). Seven hundred thirty-one publications correlating sewage and COVID-19 were identified: 184 pre-pandemic and 547 during the pandemic. Eight classes and 37 ECs were detected in sewage between 2018 and 2022, with the "COVID-19 pandemic factor" promoting an increase in estrogens (+31,775 %), antibiotics (+19,544 %), antiepileptics and antipsychotics (+722 %), pesticides (+200 %), analgesics, anti-inflammatories and anticoagulants (+173 %), and stimulant medications (+157 %) in sanitary sewage. Among the treatment systems, aerated reactors integrated into biomembranes removed >90 % of cephalexin, clarithromycin, ibuprofen, estrone, and 17β-estradiol. The absorption, adsorption, and biodegradation mechanisms of planted wetland systems contributed to better cost-benefit in reducing the polluting load of sewage ECs in the COVID-19 pandemic, individually or integrated into the WWTP. The COVID-19 pandemic factor increased the potential ecological risks (RQs) for aquatic organisms by 40 %, with emphasis on clarithromycin and sulfamethoxazole, which changed from negligible risk and low risk to (very) high risk and caffeine with RQ > 2500. Therefore, it is possible to suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic intensified physiological, metabolic, and physical changes to different organisms in aquatic biota by ECs during 2020 and 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heloisa Nascimento de Andrade
- Department of Engineering and Technology, Federal University of the Semi-Arid Region, UFERSA, Pau dos Ferros, Rio Grande do Norte 59900-000, Brazil
| | - Jacineumo Falcão de Oliveira
- Department of Engineering and Technology, Federal University of the Semi-Arid Region, UFERSA, Pau dos Ferros, Rio Grande do Norte 59900-000, Brazil.
| | | | - Joseane Dunga da Costa
- Department of Engineering and Technology, Federal University of the Semi-Arid Region, UFERSA, Pau dos Ferros, Rio Grande do Norte 59900-000, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Fia
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Lavras, UFLA, Minas Gerais 37200-000, Brazil
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4
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Royano S, de la Torre A, Navarro I, Martínez MÁ. Pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) in surface water: Occurrence, trends and risk assessment in the Tagus River Basin (Spain). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167422. [PMID: 37774880 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the presence of 23 pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) including antibiotics, analgesics, anti-inflammatories, psychiatric and cardiovascular drugs, antifungals and metabolites was investigated in surface waters. A total of 89 samples were collected during 3 years (2020, 2021 and 2022) from a European representative river basin (Tagus, Spain). To elucidate PhAC potential sources, sampling points located in areas with low, median and high anthropogenic influence were selected. The analytical method based on solid phase extraction (SPE) followed by UHPLC-MS/MS analysis was validated meeting SANTE/2020/12830 and SANTE/12682/2019 performance criteria. PhACs were quantified above limits of quantification (LOQs) in 96 % of water samples, being the antihypertensives valsartan (648 ng/L, 87 % quantification frequency) and irbesartan (390 ng/L, 75 %) and the antidepressant o-desmethylvenlafaxine (495 ng/L, 76 %) the predominant pollutants. The rest of the target PhACs showed median concentrations between 4 and 172 ng/L with quantification frequencies ranging from 35 to 75 %. ∑PhAC concentrations did not show temporal or seasonal trends. However, valsartan and naproxen presented lower levels in drier (spring and summer) compared to the wetter. Source identification revealed a clear anthropogenic origin since concentrations obtained in highly populated areas were statistically higher (p < 0.01) than those quantified in sparsely populated ones. This finding was also confirmed by calculating PhACs mass flow rates, which ranged between 1.4 and 235 kg/y. Finally, data generated were used to estimate the potential risk to the aquatic ecosystem for three trophic levels (phototrophic, invertebrate and vertebrate organisms). Risk quotient ratios (RQs) were calculated for all PhACs at the median (P50) and worst-case (max) scenarios. Up to 7 PhACs (acetaminophen, carbamazepine, gemfibrozil, ibuprofen, irbesartan, ketoprofen and venlafaxine) showed high risk for the highest trophic level (fish) in >45 % of investigated locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Royano
- Unit of Persistent Organic Pollutants and Emerging Pollutants in the Environment, Department of Environment, CIEMAT, Avda. Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain; International Doctoral School of the UNED (EIDUNED), National University of Distance Education (UNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrián de la Torre
- Unit of Persistent Organic Pollutants and Emerging Pollutants in the Environment, Department of Environment, CIEMAT, Avda. Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Irene Navarro
- Unit of Persistent Organic Pollutants and Emerging Pollutants in the Environment, Department of Environment, CIEMAT, Avda. Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Martínez
- Unit of Persistent Organic Pollutants and Emerging Pollutants in the Environment, Department of Environment, CIEMAT, Avda. Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Laimou-Geraniou M, Quireyns M, Boogaerts T, Van Wichelen N, Heath D, van Nuijs ALN, Covaci A, Heath E. Retrospective spatiotemporal study of antidepressants in Slovenian wastewaters. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 903:166586. [PMID: 37640073 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
This study utilizes wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) to evaluate spatiotemporal changes in the consumption of antidepressants before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Slovenia. Composite 24-h influent wastewater samples (n = 210) were collected from six wastewater treatment plants between summer 2019 and spring 2021. The samples were extracted using 96-well solid-phase extraction and analysed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The measured concentrations of target antidepressant biomarkers were then converted to population-normalised mass loads (PNMLs), taking into account flow rate and catchment population. Ten biomarkers, including amitriptyline, bupropion, bupropion-OH, citalopram, norcitalopram, normirtazapine, venlafaxine, O-desmethylvenlafaxine, trazodone, and moclobemide, were above the lower limit of quantification and were included in the spatiotemporal temporal assessment. The highest PNMLs were detected for O-desmethylvenlafaxine (mean ± SD: 82.1 ± 21.2 mg/day/1000 inhabitants) and venlafaxine (38.0 ± 10.6 mg/day/1000 inhabitants), followed by citalopram (27.0 ± 10.7 mg/day/1000 inhabitants). In addition, the mean metabolite/parent compound ratios were comparable with other WBE studies indicating consumption rather than direct disposal. Overall, the results indicated significant spatiotemporal variations depending on the location, and the PNMLs of most biomarkers increased during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (spring of 2020). However, no clear spatial patterns were revealed related to the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Laimou-Geraniou
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maarten Quireyns
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Tim Boogaerts
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Natan Van Wichelen
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - David Heath
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Ester Heath
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Boogaerts T, Quireyns M, De Loof H, Bertels X, Van Wichelen N, Pussig B, Saevels J, Lahousse L, Bonmariage P, Hamelinck W, Aertgeerts B, Covaci A, van Nuijs ALN. Do the lockdown-imposed changes in a wastewater treatment plant catchment's socio-demographics impact longitudinal temporal trends in psychoactive pharmaceutical use? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 876:162342. [PMID: 36842581 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) includes the analysis of human metabolic biomarkers of xenobiotics in influent wastewater. WBE complements existing drug utilization approaches and provides objective, spatio-temporal information on the consumption of pharmaceuticals in the general population. This approach was applied to 24-h composite influent wastewater samples from Leuven, Belgium. Daily samples were analysed from September 2019 to December 2019 (n = 76), and on three days of the week (Monday, Wednesday, Saturday) from January 2020 to April 2022 (n = 367). Sample analysis consisted of 96-well solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Measured concentrations of 21 biomarkers for antidepressant and opioid use were converted to population-normalized mass loads (PNML) by considering the flow rate and catchment population. To capture population movements, mobile phone data was used. Amitriptyline, hydroxy-bupropion, norcitalopram, citalopram, normirtazapine, trazodone, O-desmethylvenlafaxine, codeine, 2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine (EDDP), methadone, morphine, O-desmethyltramadol, and tramadol were included in the temporal assessment since concentrations were above the lower limit of quantification. The PNML of most biomarkers increased (with 3-119 %) throughout the sampling period. The population disruption during the COVID-19 pandemic led to a major change in the socio-demographics of the catchment area, resulting in temporal differences in the PNML of the different biomarkers. As such, higher PNML were observed during the different lockdown phases, which were characterized by the outflow of university students and a decreasing commuting in and out the catchment area. The effects of the fluctuating socio-demographics of the catchment population were further evidenced by the different week-weekend pattern of PNMLs over the course of the sampling campaign. Mean parent/metabolite ratios (i.e., citalopram/norcitalopram, tramadol/O-desmethyltramadol, venlafaxine/O-desmethylvenlafaxine, and methadone/EDDP) remained relatively stable throughout the entire sampling campaign (RSD% below 25 % for all ratios, except for methadone/EDDP) and therefore were not affected by this population change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Boogaerts
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Maarten Quireyns
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Hans De Loof
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Xander Bertels
- Department of Bioanalysis, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Natan Van Wichelen
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Bram Pussig
- Academic Center for General Practice, Kapucijnenvoer 7, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Saevels
- Association of Pharmacists in Belgium (APB), Rue Stevin 137, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lies Lahousse
- Department of Bioanalysis, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pauline Bonmariage
- Association of Pharmacists in Belgium (APB), Rue Stevin 137, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Wouter Hamelinck
- Association of Pharmacists in Belgium (APB), Rue Stevin 137, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bert Aertgeerts
- Academic Center for General Practice, Kapucijnenvoer 7, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
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7
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Golbaz S, Zamanzadeh M, Yaghmaeian K, Nabizadeh R, Rastkari N, Esfahani H. Occurrence and removal of psychiatric pharmaceuticals in the Tehran South Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:27041-27055. [PMID: 36374381 PMCID: PMC9660169 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23667-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Psychiatric drugs released by humans in wastewater have received more attention because of their potential risks for aquatic organisms. In this study, the occurrence of the two most common groups of psychiatric drugs (sedatives-hypnotics-anxiolytics and antidepressants) were evaluated in the Tehran South Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant. All the target sedatives-hypnotics-anxiolytics (alprazolam, phenobarbital, and thioridazine) and antidepressants (fluoxetine, citalopram, sertraline, and venlafaxine) were observed in influent and secondary clarification (SC) effluent. Thioridazine (164.25 ± 218.74 ng/L) and citalopram (672.53 ± 938.56 ng/L) had the highest mean concentrations in the influent, while alprazolam (5.09 ± 2.33 ng/L) and citalopram (776.97 ± 1088.01 ng/L) had the highest concentrations in the SC effluent. The higher concentrations of the psychiatric drugs, except thioridazine, were detected in the SC effluent compared to the concentrations in the influent. The increased drugs concentrations, with negative removal efficiencies, were more distinctive in the cold season samples. Psychiatric drugs processed in the chlorination unit followed a completely different pattern compared to the drugs in the biological treatment unit. All the drugs' concentrations, except thioridazine, decreased in the chlorination unit, ranging between 27 ± 14% for alprazolam and 75 ± 10% for citalopram. However, the mean concentrations of the detected drugs were as follows: sertraline (11.96 ± 11.62 ng/L) and venlafaxine (184.94 ± 219.74 ng/L) which could cause environmental and ecological concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Golbaz
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Kamyar Yaghmaeian
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Center for Solid Waste Management (CSWM), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ramin Nabizadeh
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nushin Rastkari
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadi Esfahani
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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8
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Parveen N, Chowdhury S, Goel S. Environmental impacts of the widespread use of chlorine-based disinfectants during the COVID-19 pandemic. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:85742-85760. [PMID: 35091954 PMCID: PMC8799444 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18316-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Chlorinated disinfectants are widely used in hospitals, COVID-19 quarantine facilities, households, institutes, and public areas to combat the spread of the novel coronavirus as they are effective against viruses on various surfaces. Medical facilities have enhanced their routine disinfection of indoors, premises, and in-house sewage. Besides questioning the efficiency of these compounds in combating coronavirus, the impacts of these excessive disinfection efforts have not been discussed anywhere. The impacts of chlorine-based disinfectants on both environment and human health are reviewed in this paper. Chlorine in molecular and in compound forms is known to pose many health hazards. Hypochlorite addition to soil can increase chlorine/chloride concentration, which can be fatal to plant species if exposed. When chlorine compounds reach the sewer/drainage system and are exposed to aqueous media such as wastewater, many disinfection by-products (DBPs) can be formed depending on the concentrations of natural organic matter, inorganics, and anthropogenic pollutants present. Chlorination of hospital wastewater can also produce toxic drug-derived disinfection by-products. Many DBPs are carcinogenic to humans, and some of them are cytotoxic, genotoxic, and mutagenic. DBPs can be harmful to the flora and fauna of the receiving water body and may have adverse effects on microorganisms and plankton present in these ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naseeba Parveen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Shamik Chowdhury
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Sudha Goel
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India.
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India.
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9
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Yang D, Zheng Q, Thai PK, Ahmed F, O'Brien JW, Mueller JF, Thomas KV, Tscharke B. A nationwide wastewater-based assessment of metformin consumption across Australia. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 165:107282. [PMID: 35597112 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Metformin is the most widely used drug to treat type 2 diabetes. Monitoring spatial patterns of metformin use could provide new insights into treatment of type 2 diabetes and the distribution among populations. This study applied a wastewater-based epidemiological (WBE) approach to estimate metformin use in different populations across Australia and compared these estimates with traditional approaches of surveys and prescription data. Twenty-four-hour influent samples were collected from 75 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) across Australia in 2016 and analysed for metformin. Metformin was detected in all samples ranging in concentration from 8.2 to 191 µg/L (median 58 µg/L). Concentrations were converted to population-weighted average consumption at the national level, resulting in an average consumption of 28.6 g/day/1000 people across Australia, which was within 7% of estimates from national prescription statistics. In addition, results for five out of seven states had an estimated prevalence of type 2 diabetes within 20% compared to the traditional epidemiology surveys. Spatial patterns were also observed between urban and rural settings, with higher consumption rates of metformin found in Major Cities (22.5 ± 10.9 g/d/1000 people) and Inner Regional cities (25.4 ± 13.4 g/d/1000 people) than in Outer Regional (17.0 ± 8.1 g/d/1000 people) and Remote areas (15.1 ± 7.4 g/d/1000 people). Consumption estimates were also correlated against socioeconomic factors of the specific catchment areas. Greater metformin use was correlated with populations of lower education and income levels, while positive correlations were found between metformin consumption and consumption of allopurinol, caffeine and venlafaxine. Our study provides more evidence on the distribution of metformin use across Australia, which can be used to develop public health strategies to reduce the overall burden of type 2 diabetes in specific regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yang
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Department of Medical Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Qiuda Zheng
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia.
| | - Phong K Thai
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Fahad Ahmed
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Jake W O'Brien
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Jochen F Mueller
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Kevin V Thomas
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Ben Tscharke
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
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Lin W, Huang Z, Ping S, Zhang S, Wen X, He Y, Ren Y. Toxicological effects of atenolol and venlafaxine on zebrafish tissues: Bioaccumulation, DNA hypomethylation, and molecular mechanism. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 299:118898. [PMID: 35081461 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The beta-blocker atenolol (ATE), and the selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, venlafaxine (VEN) are frequently detected in municipal wastewater effluents, but little is known about their ecotoxicological effect on aquatic animals. Herein, ATE and VEN were selected to explore their accumulation and global DNA methylation (GDM) in zebrafish tissues after a 30-day exposure. Molecular dynamics (MD) stimulation was used to investigate the toxic mechanism of ATE and VEN exposure. The results demonstrated that ATE and VEN could reduce the condition factor of zebrafish. The bioaccumulation capacity for ATE and VEN was in the order of liver > gut > gill > brain and liver > gut > brain > gill, respectively. After a 30-day recovery, ATE and VEN could still be detected in zebrafish tissues when exposure concentrations were ≥10 μg/L. Moreover, ATE and VEN induced global DNA hypomethylation in different tissues with a dose-dependent manner and their main target tissues were liver and brain. When the exposure concentrations of ATE and VEN were increased to 100 μg/L, the global DNA hypomethylation of liver and brain were reduced to 27% and 18%, respectively. In the same tissue exposed to the same concentration, DNA hypomethylation induced by VEN was more serious than that of ATE. After a 30-day recovery, the global DNA hypomethylations caused by the two drugs were still persistent, and the recovery of VEN was slower than that of ATE. The MD simulation results showed that both ATE and VEN could reduce the catalytic activity of DNA Methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), while the effect of VEN on the 3D conformational changes of the DNMT1 domain was more significant, resulting in a lower DNA methylation rate. The current study shed new light on the toxic mechanism and potential adverse impacts of ATE and VEN on zebrafish, providing essential information to the further ecotoxicological risk assessment of these drugs in the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Lin
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Zhishan Huang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Senwen Ping
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Shuan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
| | - Xiufang Wen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
| | - Yuhe He
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuan Ren
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, China; The Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Eco-Remediation of Guangdong Regular Higher Education Institutions, China.
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Świacka K, Maculewicz J, Kowalska D, Caban M, Smolarz K, Świeżak J. Presence of pharmaceuticals and their metabolites in wild-living aquatic organisms - Current state of knowledge. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127350. [PMID: 34607031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In the last decades an increasing number of studies has been published concerning contamination of aquatic ecosystems with pharmaceuticals. Yet, the distribution of these chemical compounds in aquatic environments raises many questions and uncertainties. Data on the presence of selected pharmaceuticals in the same water bodies varies significantly between different studies. Therefore, since early 1990 s, wild organisms have been used in research on environmental contamination with pharmaceuticals. Indeed, pharmaceutical levels measured in biological matrices may better reflect their overall presence in the aquatic environments as such levels include not only direct exposure of a given organisms to a specific pollutant but also processes such as bioaccumulation and biomagnification. In the present paper, data concerning occurrence of pharmaceuticals in aquatic biota was reviewed. So far, pharmaceuticals have been studied mainly in fish and molluscs, with only a few papers available on crustaceans and macroalgae. The most commonly found pharmaceuticals both in freshwater and marine organisms are antibiotics, antidepressants and NSAIDS while there is no information about the presence of anticancer drugs in aquatic organisms. Furthermore, only single studies were conducted in Africa and Australia. Hence, systematization of up-to-date knowledge, the main aim of this review, is needed for further research targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Świacka
- Department of Experimental Ecology of Marine Organisms, Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdańsk, Av. Pilsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Jakub Maculewicz
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Dorota Kowalska
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Magda Caban
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Smolarz
- Department of Experimental Ecology of Marine Organisms, Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdańsk, Av. Pilsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Justyna Świeżak
- Department of Experimental Ecology of Marine Organisms, Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdańsk, Av. Pilsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland
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Thompson WA, Shvartsburd Z, Vijayan MM. Sex-Specific and Long-Term Impacts of Early-Life Venlafaxine Exposure in Zebrafish. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11020250. [PMID: 35205116 PMCID: PMC8869491 DOI: 10.3390/biology11020250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Excessive use of antidepressants, combined with our inability to completely clear them from municipal wastewater effluents, has led to their increased presence in aquatic habitats. Venlafaxine, one of the more commonly prescribed antidepressants, has been shown to be detrimental to the early life stages of non-target animals such as fish. Exposure to venlafaxine at the embryonic stage appears to lead to behavioural disruptions when zebrafish become free swimming and reduces growth in juveniles. Here we tested whether early-life exposure also led to behavioural and metabolic perturbations in adults using zebrafish, a widely utilized model in developmental toxicology. Zygotic exposure to venlafaxine compromised activity and anxiety responses and reduced the active metabolic rate as well as the aerobic scope in a sex-specific manner. This study raises the possibility that early developmental exposure to venlafaxine may have long-term consequences on fish performance, and that this may be sex dependent. Abstract Venlafaxine, a selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, is a widely prescribed antidepressant that is detected in municipal wastewater effluents at µg/L concentrations. It has been shown to impact the early life stages of fish, including neurodevelopment and behaviour in larvae, but whether such early exposures have longer-term consequences are far from clear. Here, we sought to determine whether zygotic deposition of venlafaxine, mimicking a maternal transfer scenario, disturbs the metabolic rate and behavioural performance using zebrafish (Danio rerio). This was tested using freshly fertilized embryos (1–4 cell stage) microinjected with either 0, 1 or 10 ng of venlafaxine and raised to either juvenile (60 days post-fertilization) or adult (10–12 months post-fertilization). Zygotic venlafaxine exposure led to a reduction in the active metabolic rate and aerobic scope, but this was only observed in female fish. On the other hand, the total distance travelled in an open field assessment was greater at the highest concentration of venlafaxine only in the adult males. At the juvenile stage, behavioural assessments demonstrated that venlafaxine exposure may increase boldness—including hyperactivity, lower thigmotaxis, and a reduction in the distance to a novel object. Taken together, these results demonstrate that zygotic venlafaxine exposure may impact developmental programming in a sex-specific manner in fish.
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Transformation Products of Emerging Pollutants Explored Using Non-Target Screening: Perspective in the Transformation Pathway and Toxicity Mechanism—A Review. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10020054. [PMID: 35202240 PMCID: PMC8874687 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10020054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The scientific community has increasingly focused on forming transformation products (TPs) from environmental organic pollutants. However, there is still a lot of discussion over how these TPs are generated and how harmful they are to living terrestrial or aquatic organisms. Potential transformation pathways, TP toxicity, and their mechanisms require more investigation. Non-target screening (NTS) via high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) in model organisms to identify TPs and the formation mechanism on various organisms is the focus of this review. Furthermore, uptake, accumulation process, and potential toxicity with their detrimental consequences are summarized in various organisms. Finally, challenges and future research initiatives, such as performing NTS in a model organism, characterizing and quantifying TPs, and evaluating future toxicity studies on TPs, are also included in this review.
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Madikizela LM, Botha TL, Kamika I, Msagati TAM. Uptake, Occurrence, and Effects of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Analgesics in Plants and Edible Crops. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:34-45. [PMID: 34967604 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c06499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The plant uptake of pharmaceuticals that include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and analgesics from contaminated environment has benefits and drawbacks. These pharmaceuticals enter plants mostly through irrigation with contaminated water and application of sewage sludge as soil fertilizer. Aquatic plants withdraw these pharmaceuticals from water through their roots. Numerous studies have observed the translocation of these pharmaceuticals from the roots into the aerial tissues. Furthermore, the occurrence of the metabolites of NSAIDs in plants has been observed. This article provides an in-depth critical review of the plant uptake of NSAIDs and analgesics, their translocation, and toxic effects on plant species. In addition, the occurrence of metabolites of NSAIDs in plants and the application of constructed wetlands using plants for remediation are reviewed. Factors that affect the plant uptake and translocation of these pharmaceuticals are examined. Gaps and future research are provided to guide forthcoming investigations on important aspects that worth explorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Mzukisi Madikizela
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus, Roodepoort 1710, South Africa
| | - Tarryn Lee Botha
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus, Roodepoort 1710, South Africa
| | - Ilunga Kamika
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus, Roodepoort 1710, South Africa
| | - Titus Alfred M Msagati
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus, Roodepoort 1710, South Africa
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Yu B, Han Q, Li C, Zhu Y, Jin X, Dai Z. Influencing factors of venlafaxine degradation at boron-doped diamond anode. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Chabenat A, Bidel F, Knigge T, Bellanger C. Alteration of predatory behaviour and growth in juvenile cuttlefish by fluoxetine and venlafaxine. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 277:130169. [PMID: 33794438 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Antidepressants in coastal waters may affect ontogeny of predatory behaviour in cuttlefish, which may, as a result, affect growth of newly-hatched cuttlefish. We investigated the effects of two of the most prescribed antidepressants, fluoxetine (FLX) and venlafaxine (VEN) in environmentally realistic concentrations on the predatory behaviour of hatchlings of Sepia officinalis. Newly-hatched cuttlefish were exposed from 1 h (i.e., day 1) to 5 days after hatching to either FLX alone (5 ng·L-1) or combined with VEN (2.5 ng·L-1 or 5 ng·L-1 each) to simulate an environmentally realistic exposure scenario. Their predatory behaviour was analysed through several parameters: prey detection, feeding motivation and success in catching the prey. All parameters improved in control animals over the first five days. The combination of FLX and VEN at 5 ng·L-1 each altered the predatory behaviour of the hatchlings by increasing the latency before attacking the prey, i.e., reducing feeding motivation, as well as by reducing the number of successful attacks. The changes in predatory behaviour tended to reduce food intake and affected growth significantly at 28 days post-hatching. Exposures to either FLX at 5 ng·L-1 or FLX and VEN in mixture at 2.5 ng·L-1 each tended to produce similar effects, even though they were not statistically significant. It is likely that the antidepressants affect maturation of the predatory behaviour and/or learning processes associated with the development of this behaviour. The slightest delay in maturation processes may have detrimental consequences for growth and population fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apolline Chabenat
- NORMANDIE UNIV, UNICAEN, UNIV RENNES, CNRS, EthoS (Éthologie animale et humaine) - UMR 6552, F-14000, Caen, France; NORMANDIE UNIV, UNILEHAVRE, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, UMR-I02, Environmental Stress and Biomonitoring of Aquatic Environments (SEBIO), 76600, Le Havre, France
| | - Flavie Bidel
- NORMANDIE UNIV, UNICAEN, UNIV RENNES, CNRS, EthoS (Éthologie animale et humaine) - UMR 6552, F-14000, Caen, France; Department of Neurobiology, Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Thomas Knigge
- NORMANDIE UNIV, UNILEHAVRE, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, UMR-I02, Environmental Stress and Biomonitoring of Aquatic Environments (SEBIO), 76600, Le Havre, France
| | - Cécile Bellanger
- NORMANDIE UNIV, UNICAEN, UNIV RENNES, CNRS, EthoS (Éthologie animale et humaine) - UMR 6552, F-14000, Caen, France.
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Lv J, Ou C, Fu M, Xu Z. Characteristics and transformation pathways of venlafaxine degradation during disinfection processes using free chlorine and chlorine dioxide. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 276:130147. [PMID: 33714880 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Venlafaxine, a representative antidepressant, has been detected frequently in aquatic environments. The treatment of venlafaxine by free chlorine (NaOCl) and chlorine dioxide (ClO2) was investigated in this study. The effects of operational variables and the water matrix on venlafaxine degradation were evaluated. The transformation pathways of venlafaxine were also studied. The results indicated that venlafaxine was removed efficiently during disinfection processes, especially when reacted with ClO2. A higher dosage of disinfectant and mildly alkaline conditions (pH 9) enhanced the degradation of venlafaxine. The reactions were impacted when the tests were conducted in real water matrices, especially in secondary effluent. The presence of chloride and low concentrations of fulvic acid enhanced venlafaxine decomposition. The presence of Br- also accelerated the reaction between venlafaxine and NaOCl. However, NO2- inhibited venlafaxine removal in both disinfection processes. Six intermediates were identified during venlafaxine degradation by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and the main reactions included dehydration and demethylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Lv
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, PR China.
| | - Changyuan Ou
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, PR China
| | - Mengya Fu
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, PR China
| | - Zhiwei Xu
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, PR China
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Akula LK, Gaddam VB, Damaraju M, Bhattacharyya D, Kurilla KK. Domestic wastewater treatment in a coupled sequential batch reactor-electrochemical reactor process. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2021; 93:953-967. [PMID: 33260260 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The effectiveness of a sequenced biological-physicochemical reactor system for treating sewage was studied. The biological degradation was conducted in a Sequential Batch Reactor, which had innovative features for simplifying the operation and maintenance of the reactor. The reactor was operated at 4, 6, 8, and 12 hr cycle. Up to 82% removal of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), 50% removal of Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC), 45% removal of Total Nitrogen (TN), and 45% removal of Total Phosphorus (TP) were achieved. The treated effluent was further polished in a continuous-flow bipolar-mode electrochemical reactor to remove additional recalcitrant organic matter from the wastewater. The process parameters were optimized using Response Surface Methodology. At the optimum condition (pH = 8.7; Current = 1.0; reaction time = 9.0), up to 90% removal of COD, 67% removal of DOC, 61% removal of TN, and 99.9% removal of TP were achieved in the coupled system. Micropollutants belonging to Pharmaceutically Active Compounds, pesticides, etc., were significantly removed. The coupled system completely removed Salmonella, Pseudomonas, and Staphylococcus. However, coliforms were detected at the outlet samples. A UV or ozone disinfection treatment is recommended for the safe reuse of the treated water for nonpotable purposes. PRACTIONER POINTS: Sequential sequential batch reactor-electrochemical reactor process (SBR-ECR) technology is effective for micropollutant removal from sewage. The coupled SBR-ECR system requires less footprint compared to conventional biological systems for wastewater treatment. Carbon material balance study revealed that more than 60% of carbon escapes from wastewater in the form of CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lokesh Kumar Akula
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, India
| | | | - Madhuri Damaraju
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, India
| | - Debraj Bhattacharyya
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, India
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Psoma AK, Rousis NI, Georgantzi EN, Τhomaidis ΝS. An integrated approach to MS-based identification and risk assessment of pharmaceutical biotransformation in wastewater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 770:144677. [PMID: 33508673 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The omnipresence of pharmaceuticals at relatively high concentrations (μg/L) in environmental compartments indicated their inadequate removal by wastewater treatment plants. As such, batch reactors seeded with activated sludge were set up to assess the biotransformation of metformin, ranitidine, lidocaine and atorvastatin. The main objective was to identify transformation products (TPs) through the establishment of an integrated workflow for suspect and non-target screening based on reversed phase liquid chromatography quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. To support the identification, hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) was used as a complementary tool, in order to enhance the completeness of the developed workflow by identifying the more polar TPs. The structure assignment/elucidation of the candidate TPs was mainly based on interpretation of MS/MS spectra. Twenty-two TPs were identified, with fourteen of them reaching high identification confidence levels (level 1: confirmed structure by reference standards and level 2: probable structure by library spectrum match and diagnostic evidence). Finally, retrospective analysis in influent and effluent wastewater was performed for the TPs for four consecutive years in wastewater sampled in Athens, Greece. The potential toxicological threat of the compounds to the aquatic environment was assessed and atorvastatin with two of its TPs showed a potential risk to the aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini K Psoma
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos I Rousis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni N Georgantzi
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Νikolaos S Τhomaidis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece.
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Styszko K, Proctor K, Castrignanò E, Kasprzyk-Hordern B. Occurrence of pharmaceutical residues, personal care products, lifestyle chemicals, illicit drugs and metabolites in wastewater and receiving surface waters of Krakow agglomeration in South Poland. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 768:144360. [PMID: 33450690 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This is the first study of broad range of chemical classes CECs conducted in the upper Wisla river catchment including the biggest WWTPs in this region and surface waters. The list of compounds is extensive and the paper provides, for the first time, better understanding of environmental burden from PCPCs in Poland. Cumulative contribution of hypertension pharmaceuticals, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and lifestyle chemicals was 89% and 95% in wastewater influent, and 75% in wastewater effluent at both WWTPs. Significant removal efficiencies, exceeding 90%, were found for parabens, UV filters, NSAIDs, steroid estrogens, plasticizers, antibacterials/antibiotics, stimulants and metabolites and lifestyle chemicals. The comparison of the average mass loads of CECs between the influent and effluent, has shown that 27% and 29% of all detected CECs were removed by less than 50%. An increase of concentrations of CECs in the effluent was observed for 18% and 20% of all detected CECs in Kujawy and Plaszow WWTPs, respectively. Negative mass balances of fexofenadine, venlafaxine, o-desmethyltramadol, ketamine and temazepam were noted within WWTPs, which are a result of dissolution of persistent contaminants accumulated in aggregates and/or back-transformation or de-conjugation of metabolites into parent compounds. 44 CECs were detected in surface waters located upstream and downstream of the WWTPs. The concentrations of compounds were largely dependent on the dilution factor of WWTP discharge. The risk quotation (RQ) values for compounds present in surface waters were calculated in relation to their potential for bioaccumulation. Among compounds with high potential for bioaccumulation, with log KOW ≥ 4.5, diclofenac, atorvastatin and triclosan were found to be of high risk. Many CECs with high, moderate or even low environmental impact have shown high potential for bioaccumulation and should be considered as priority at the same risk level. Moreover, possible synergistic action is still of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Styszko
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Energy and Fuels, Department of Coal Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Kathryn Proctor
- University of Bath, Department of Chemistry, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Erika Castrignanò
- University of Bath, Department of Chemistry, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom; Department of Analytical, Environmental & Forensic Sciences, School of Population Health & Environmental Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
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Chabenat A, Bellanger C, Knigge T. Effects of environmental antidepressants on colour change and locomotor behaviour in juvenile shore crabs, Carcinus maenas. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 234:105808. [PMID: 33774504 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Juvenile crabs of Carcinus maenas thrive in coastal waters reputed to be the receptacle of continental pollution. Amongst the many pollutants encountered, antidepressants, such as fluoxetine (FLX) and venlafaxine (VEN), often detected at the ng•L-1 range, are particularly worrying because of their action on the levels of monoamines, such as serotonin, noradrenaline and dopamine. In crustaceans, those monoamines are involved in colour change through their action on neuropeptide hormones. In addition, they are known to have a role in different behaviours, such as locomotion. Both colour change and locomotion are strategies used by juvenile crabs to hide and escape from predators. To investigate if the presence of antidepressants may alter behaviours of ecological importance, juvenile crabs were exposed to environmentally realistic concentrations of either 5 ng•L-1 of FLX alone or in combination with VEN at 5 ng•L-1. The ability to change colour depending on the environment and the locomotor activity of juvenile crabs were monitored weekly over 25 days. Animals exposed to antidepressants displayed a different pattern of colour change than the controls, especially those exposed to the combination of FLX and VEN at 5 ng•L-1 each, and were less efficient to adapt to their environment, i.e., they were not as pale and not as dark as controls or crabs exposed to FLX at 5 ng•L-1. Moreover, juvenile crabs exposed to the combination of antidepressants exhibited an enhanced locomotor activity throughout the exposure period with a higher velocity and distance moved as well as more time spend moving. The alteration of cryptic behaviours, such as colour change and locomotion by antidepressants persistently present in marine environment at low concentrations may have an impact on the survival of juvenile of C. maenas on the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apolline Chabenat
- NORMANDIE UNIV, UNILEHAVRE, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, UMR-I02, Environmental Stress and Biomonitoring of Aquatic Environments (SEBIO), 76600 LE HAVRE, France; NORMANDIE UNIV, UNICAEN, CNRS, EthoS (Éthologie animale et humaine) - UMR 6552, F-14000 CAEN, France; UNIV RENNES, CNRS, EthoS (Éthologie animale et humaine) - UMR 6552, F-35000 RENNES, France
| | - Cécile Bellanger
- NORMANDIE UNIV, UNICAEN, CNRS, EthoS (Éthologie animale et humaine) - UMR 6552, F-14000 CAEN, France; UNIV RENNES, CNRS, EthoS (Éthologie animale et humaine) - UMR 6552, F-35000 RENNES, France
| | - Thomas Knigge
- NORMANDIE UNIV, UNILEHAVRE, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, UMR-I02, Environmental Stress and Biomonitoring of Aquatic Environments (SEBIO), 76600 LE HAVRE, France.
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Kharel S, Stapf M, Miehe U, Ekblad M, Cimbritz M, Falås P, Nilsson J, Sehlén R, Bregendahl J, Bester K. Removal of pharmaceutical metabolites in wastewater ozonation including their fate in different post-treatments. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 759:143989. [PMID: 33321442 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Advanced treatment technologies for the removal of pharmaceuticals and other organic micropollutants in WWTPs primarily target the removal of parent compounds. Nevertheless, the removal of metabolites originating from human- or microbial metabolism during biological treatment needs comparable consideration, as some of them might be present in high concentrations and contribute to toxicity. This study was conducted to elucidate the removal of human and microbial metabolites of pharmaceuticals as a function of the specific ozone dose. Ozonation was performed on four sites with two pilot- and two full-scale plants operated downstream of conventional activated sludge plants. The ozone reactivity of all metabolites (expressed as the ozone dose to remove 90% of the compound/decadic ozone dose) was lower than those of their parent compounds. The decadic ozone dose was 1.0, 1.3 and 1.1 mg O3/mg DOC for Epoxy-carbamazepine, Di-OH-carbamazepine and N-Desmethyl tramadol, respectively. 20-40% of the remaining metabolites were removed in a polishing sand/BAC-filter (biological activated carbon). Similar removal was observed for Epoxy-carbamazepine, Di-OH-carbamazepine and Hydroxy-diclofenac in a constructed wetland. However, the sand/anthracite filter had no effect. All four metabolites were removed in a GAC (granulated activated carbon) filter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Kharel
- Aarhus University, Department of Environmental Science, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Michael Stapf
- Berlin Centre of Competence for Water (KWB), Cicerostr. 24, 10709 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulf Miehe
- Berlin Centre of Competence for Water (KWB), Cicerostr. 24, 10709 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maja Ekblad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P O Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Michael Cimbritz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P O Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Per Falås
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P O Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Josefine Nilsson
- Tekniska verken i Linköping AB (publ), Brogatan 1, Box 1500, 58115 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Robert Sehlén
- Tekniska verken i Linköping AB (publ), Brogatan 1, Box 1500, 58115 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jeppe Bregendahl
- Kalundborg Forsyning A/S, Dokhavnsvej 15, 4400 Kalundborg, Denmark
| | - Kai Bester
- Aarhus University, Department of Environmental Science, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
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23
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Meng Y, Liu W, Liu X, Zhang J, Peng M, Zhang T. A review on analytical methods for pharmaceutical and personal care products and their transformation products. J Environ Sci (China) 2021; 101:260-281. [PMID: 33334521 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) and corresponding transformation products have caused widespread concern due to their persistent emissions and potential toxicity. They have wide octanol-water partition coefficients (Kow) and different ionization constants (pKa) resulting in a poor analysis accuracy and efficiency. A suitable analytical method is the first prerequisite for further research on their environmental behavior to prioritize the substances. This study reviewed a full-scale analytical protocol for environmental samples in the recent ten years: from sampling to instrumental methods. Passive sampling techniques were compared and recommended for long-term continuous and scientific observation. A quick and effective sample extraction and clean-up method are highly required. Chromatographic methods coupled to mass spectrometry for determining PPCPs with a wide range of logKow (-7.53 to 10.80) were summed up. High-resolution mass spectrometry was confirmed to be a promising strategy for screening unknown transformation products, which would provide a nanogram level of detection limits and more accurate mass resolution. Screening strategies and mass change principles were summarized in detail. The recovery rate was important in multiple contaminants analysis identification and factors affecting the recovery rate of PPCPs were also discussed in this review, including sample matrix, target compounds characteristics, extraction method and solid-phase adsorbent. This review provides useful information for the selection of appropriate analytical methods and future development directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Meng
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Environmental Pollution Control and Resource Engineering Research Center, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Weiyi Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Environmental Pollution Control and Resource Engineering Research Center, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Jinlan Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Environmental Pollution Control and Resource Engineering Research Center, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Meng Peng
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Environmental Pollution Control and Resource Engineering Research Center, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
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24
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Coll C, Bier R, Li Z, Langenheder S, Gorokhova E, Sobek A. Association between Aquatic Micropollutant Dissipation and River Sediment Bacterial Communities. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:14380-14392. [PMID: 33104348 PMCID: PMC7676288 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c04393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Assessment of micropollutant biodegradation is essential to determine the persistence of potentially hazardous chemicals in aquatic ecosystems. We studied the dissipation half-lives of 10 micropollutants in sediment-water incubations (based on the OECD 308 standard) with sediment from two European rivers sampled upstream and downstream of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) discharge. Dissipation half-lives (DT50s) were highly variable between the tested compounds, ranging from 1.5 to 772 days. Sediment from one river sampled downstream from the WWTP showed the fastest dissipation of all micropollutants after sediment RNA normalization. By characterizing sediment bacteria using 16S rRNA sequences, bacterial community composition of a sediment was associated with its capacity for dissipating micropollutants. Bacterial amplicon sequence variants of the genera Ralstonia, Pseudomonas, Hyphomicrobium, and Novosphingobium, which are known degraders of contaminants, were significantly more abundant in the sediment incubations where fast dissipation was observed. Our study illuminates the limitations of the OECD 308 standard to account for variation of dissipation rates of micropollutants due to differences in bacterial community composition. This limitation is problematic particularly for those compounds with DT50s close to regulatory persistence criteria. Thus, it is essential to consider bacterial community composition as a source of variability in regulatory biodegradation and persistence assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Coll
- Department
of Environmental Science (ACES), Stockholm
University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic
Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Raven Bier
- Department
of Ecology and Genetics/Limnology, Uppsala
University, Norbyvägen 18D, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
- Stroud Water Research Center, AvondalePennsylvania, 19311, United States
| | - Zhe Li
- Department
of Environmental Science (ACES), Stockholm
University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Silke Langenheder
- Department
of Ecology and Genetics/Limnology, Uppsala
University, Norbyvägen 18D, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elena Gorokhova
- Department
of Environmental Science (ACES), Stockholm
University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Sobek
- Department
of Environmental Science (ACES), Stockholm
University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
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25
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Thompson WA, Vijayan MM. Zygotic Venlafaxine Exposure Impacts Behavioral Programming by Disrupting Brain Serotonin in Zebrafish. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:14578-14588. [PMID: 33142061 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c06032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The antidepressant venlafaxine, a selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, is present in surface waters downstream of wastewater treatment plants. We previously showed that zygotic venlafaxine deposition alters larval behavior in zebrafish (Danio rerio), but the mechanisms were unknown. Here we tested the hypothesis that venlafaxine disrupts central serotonergic development, leading to impaired behavioral responses in zebrafish larvae. This was tested by microinjecting embryos with venlafaxine immediately after fertilization and performing spatial distribution of serotonin immunoreactivity, as well as characterizing target genes involved in serotonin turnover in the zebrafish brain. We provide evidence that venlafaxine exposure reduces serotonin immunoreactivity and tyrosine hydroxylase-positive cell populations in specific larval brain regions, and this corresponded with reduced larval activity observed in the drug-exposed group. Lowered serotonin was not due to either reduced synthesis or increased breakdown capacity. However, co-injection of serotonin alongside venlafaxine in embryos recovered brain serotonin immunoreactivity, tyrosine hydroxylase-positive cell populations, and rescued venlafaxine-mediated behavioral changes. Overall, our results demonstrate for the first time that early life exposure to venlafaxine perturbs brain development, which may be due to reduced serotonin, leading to altered larval behavior in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Andrew Thompson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 1N4
| | - Mathilakath M Vijayan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 1N4
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26
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Thompson WA, Vijayan MM. Environmental levels of venlafaxine impact larval behavioural performance in fathead minnows. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 259:127437. [PMID: 32593824 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Venlafaxine, a selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, is one of the most abundant antidepressants in municipal wastewater effluents (MWWE). The early life stages are particularly sensitive to contaminant exposure, but few studies have examined whether persistent exposure to venlafaxine impart adverse developmental outcomes. The fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) is a widely used model for ecotoxicological studies, and this fish is native to Alberta, Canada. We tested the hypothesis that environmental levels of venlafaxine compromises early developmental behavioural performances in fathead minnows. Embryos were exposed to waterborne venlafaxine at either 0, 0.06, 0.33, 0.66, 1.37 or 3 μg L-1 concentration for 7 days. Environmental levels of venlafaxine did not impact the survival, hatch rate or heart rate of fathead minnow embryos and larvae but reduced the growth of larvae even at concentrations as low as 0.06 μg L-1. We validated thigmotaxis as a screen for anxiolytic and anxiogenic behaviour in fathead minnow larvae by exposing them to concentrations of ethanol and caffeine, respectively. Behavioural analyses revealed that early developmental exposure to venlafaxine does not alter thigmotaxis but reduced the activity of fathead minnows. The larval behavioural assays reported here for fathead minnow have the potential to be used as screening tools for the risk assessment of neurotoxic contaminants in MWWE. Overall, we demonstrate for the first time that exposure to environmental levels of venlafaxine during the critical early developmental window does not elicit an anxiogenic response but may adversely affect the larval growth performance of fathead minnows.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Andrew Thompson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Mathilakath M Vijayan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada.
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27
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Effect of mesoporous characteristics on competitive adsorption kinetics of uremic-like toxin and atorvastatin on spherical carbon adsorbents for an in vitro chronic renal failure therapeutic model. Colloid Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-020-04729-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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28
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Kharel S, Stapf M, Miehe U, Ekblad M, Cimbritz M, Falås P, Nilsson J, Sehlén R, Bester K. Ozone dose dependent formation and removal of ozonation products of pharmaceuticals in pilot and full-scale municipal wastewater treatment plants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 731:139064. [PMID: 32413657 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The removal of micropollutants from municipal wastewater is challenged by the number of compounds with diverse physico-chemical properties. Ozonation is increasingly used to remove micropollutants from wastewater. However, ozonation does not necessarily result in complete mineralization of the organic micropollutants but rather transforms them into new compounds which could be persistent or have adverse environmental effects. To explore ozone dose dependency of the formation and successive removal of ozonation products, two pilot-scale and one full-scale ozonation plants were operated subsequent to a conventional activated sludge treatment. The results from these trials indicated that the concentrations of several N-oxides, such as Erythromycin N-oxide, Venlafaxine N-oxide and Tramadol N-oxide, increased up to an ozone dose of 0.56-0.61 mg O3/mg DOC while they decreased at elevated doses of 0.7-1.0 mg O3/mg DOC. Similar results were also obtained for two transformation products of Diclofenac (Diclofenac 2,5-quinone imine and 1-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)indolin-2,3-dione) and one transformation product of Carbamazepine (1-(2-benzoic acid)-(1H,3H)-quinazoline-2,4-dione), where the highest concentrations appeared around 0.27-0.31 mg O3/mg DOC. The formation maximum of a given compound occurred at a specific ozone dose that is characteristic for each compound, but seemed to be independent of the wastewater used for the experiments at the two pilots and the full-scale plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Kharel
- Aarhus University, Department of Environmental Science, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Michael Stapf
- Berlin Centre of Competence for Water (KWB), Cicerostr. 24, 10709 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulf Miehe
- Berlin Centre of Competence for Water (KWB), Cicerostr. 24, 10709 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maja Ekblad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Michael Cimbritz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Per Falås
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Josefine Nilsson
- Tekniska verken i Linköping AB (publ), Brogatan 1, Box 1500, 58115 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Robert Sehlén
- Tekniska verken i Linköping AB (publ), Brogatan 1, Box 1500, 58115 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Kai Bester
- Aarhus University, Department of Environmental Science, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
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29
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Pérez-Baeza M, Escuder-Gilabert L, Martín-Biosca Y, Sagrado S, Medina-Hernández MJ. Reversed phase liquid chromatography for the enantioseparation of local anaesthetics in polysaccharide-based stationary phases. Application to biodegradability studies. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1625:461334. [PMID: 32709359 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive study on the chiral separation of bupivacaine, mepivacaine, prilocaine and propanocaine with eight commercial polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases (CSPs) in reversed phase conditions compatible with MS detection is performed. Methanol and acetonitrile are used as organic modifiers. Retention and resolution values obtained for each compound in the different CSPs and mobile phases are compared. The polysaccharide-based CSPs tested present different enantioselectivity towards the analytes. From the results, the experimental conditions for determining the enantiomers of bupivacaine, mepivacaine, prilocaine and propanocaine in saline aqueous samples using MS detection are used, for the first time, to perform an enantioselective biodegradability study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Pérez-Baeza
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Yolanda Martín-Biosca
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Salvador Sagrado
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain; Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
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30
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Kostrubiak M, Vatovec CM, Dupigny-Giroux LA, Rizzo DM, Paganelli WC, Tsai MH. Water Pollution and Environmental Concerns in Anesthesiology. J Med Syst 2020; 44:169. [DOI: 10.1007/s10916-020-01634-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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31
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Ma R, Qu H, Wang B, Wang F, Yu G. Widespread monitoring of chiral pharmaceuticals in urban rivers reveals stereospecific occurrence and transformation. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 138:105657. [PMID: 32240890 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The present work aimed to discuss the enantiomeric occurrence of chiral pharmaceuticals including 5 parent compounds (PCs) metoprolol, propranolol, atenolol, venlafaxine and fluoxetine as well as 6 of their transformation products (TPs) in surface water in Beijing. Among which, 9 out of 11 were detected during the two sampling campaigns with N-O-Didesmethylvenlafaxine (NODDV) and α-hydroxymetoprolol confirmed in the catchment for the first time. Metoprolol acid (MTPA) was the most abundant up to 1508 ng L-1, followed by metoprolol and O-desmethylvenlafaxine (ODV). Most compounds showed 100% detection frequency or nearly, while norfluoxetine (the main metabolite of fluoxetine) and 4-hydroxypropranololone (one TP of propranolol) were not detected. Metoprolol (MTP) and venlafaxine (VFX) did not vary significantly between two sampling periods with mean concentrations of 280.7 and 22.9 ng L-1, respectively. Enantiomeric enrichment was observed for venlafaxine, metoprolol and NODDV, where R-venlafaxine was preferentially biotransformed than the S-form through O-desmethylation. Risk assessment indicated that fluoxetine and atenolol could pose harmful effects to aquatic organisms. This work provides enantiospecific profiles of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs), and extended the concept of applying the ratio of TPs vs. parent compound plus their enantiomeric traits for quantitative assessment of in situ biodegradation. Due to the considerable contribution by TPs (64% in present study) as well as the unexpected impacts from enantiomeric existence, the stereoselectivity of chiral pollutants during environmental process should be taken into account in future study. To the best of the authors' knowledge, it is the first comprehensive evaluation of chiral pharmaceuticals and transformation products at enantiomeric level in aquatic environment in China, which would facilitate better understanding of their environmental fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Ma
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Han Qu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, the University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - Bin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Fang Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Gang Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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32
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Guo W, Hossain MS, Kubec J, Grabicová K, Randák T, Buřič M, Kouba A. Psychoactive compounds at environmental concentration alter burrowing behavior in the freshwater crayfish. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 711:135138. [PMID: 32000346 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutically active compounds (PhAC) have been increasingly detected in freshwater and marine waterbodies worldwide and are recognized as major emerging micropollutant threat to the aquatic environment. Despite their low concentrations in the environment, there is evidence of effects on non-target aquatic organisms in natural habitats. To assess the potential effects of PhACs on its burrowing behavior, we exposed the red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii to methamphetamine or tramadol at the environmentally relevant concentration of 1 μg/L. Methamphetamine-exposed females constructed burrows of lower depth and volume relative to individual weight than did controls. Tramadol-exposed females consistently exhibited a tendency for smaller burrows, but this difference was not significant. Exposed males showed a non-significant tendency to excavate larger burrows compared with the control. Control and tramadol-treated females maintained the natural tendency of constructing relatively deeper and/or larger-volume burrows compared with males. This sex-related pattern was not detected in the methamphetamine group. The rate of human therapeutic PhAC usage is relatively stable year-round, and impacts on crayfish burrowing can be particularly damaging during periods of drought, when the dilution of waste waters is reduced, and burrowing becomes a critical survival strategy. Our results suggest that an increasingly broad range of environmental impacts of PhACs on non-target organisms can be expected in natural ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, Vodňany 389 25, Czech Republic
| | - Md Shakhawate Hossain
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, Vodňany 389 25, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kubec
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, Vodňany 389 25, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Grabicová
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, Vodňany 389 25, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Randák
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, Vodňany 389 25, Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Buřič
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, Vodňany 389 25, Czech Republic
| | - Antonín Kouba
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, Vodňany 389 25, Czech Republic.
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33
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Hollman J, Dominic JA, Achari G, Langford CH, Tay JH. Effect of UV dose on degradation of venlafaxine using UV/H 2O 2: perspective of augmenting UV units in wastewater treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2020; 41:1107-1116. [PMID: 30188261 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2018.1521475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Many water and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are fitted with a UV system that provides post treatment disinfection before the water is released to receiving water. This paper presents a study on expected removal for the pharmaceutical venlafaxine (VEN) in a typical UV unit at a municipal WWTP with analysis of removal rates of an advanced oxidation process using UV irradiation with injection of H2O2. The study is supported by bench scale degradation experiments on VEN. Results demonstrated that UV can completely degrade VEN, but the addition of H2O2 increased pseudo first order rate constant by up to 2.5 times. Extrapolations of the lab data indicated that removal rates of VEN at the UV disinfection unit of a typical municipal WWTP are approximately 0.4% at standard operating conditions. With the addition of 10 mg/L of H2O2, degradation of VEN can be increased by ten times over existing UV treatment. By studying the impact of adjusting parameters such as UV intensity, UV dosage, and H2O2 dosage, a framework is set to allow researchers and engineers to move forward with developing UV/H2O2 systems that meet their future design needs for pharmaceutical removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Hollman
- Department of Civil Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - John Albino Dominic
- Department of Civil Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Gopal Achari
- Department of Civil Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | | | - Joo-Hwa Tay
- Department of Civil Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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34
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Evaluation of Tramadol Hydrochloride Toxicity to Juvenile Zebrafish—Morphological, Antioxidant and Histological Responses. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10072349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The presence of pharmaceuticals in water bodies is associated with the increasing consumption of these substances and limited elimination from wastewater. Pharmaceutical residues and their metabolites may have an unfavorable impact on fish and other aquatic biota. As the purification of wastewater from tramadol is very limited and the knowledge on its effects on non-target organisms is low, we decided to assess the subchronic impact of tramadol hydrochloride on fish—on the mortality, growth and histopathology, together with the impact on selected indices of oxidative stress. The juvenile growth toxicity test was carried out on zebrafish (Danio rerio), in accordance with the Organisation for European Economic Cooperation Guidelines 215 (Fish, Juvenile Growth Test). The fish were exposed to a range of tramadol hydrochloride concentrations (0.2, 2, 20, 200 and 600 µg/L) for 28 days. The outcome of this study suggests that chosen concentrations of tramadol hydrochloride did not affect either mortality or growth (regarding weight, length and specific growth rate). However, the results of this study indicate that 28-day exposure can negatively influence selected indices of oxidative stress, which is a harmful imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants in an organism. A significant increase was observed in glutathione S-transferase activity in the experimental group exposed to 2 µg/L tramadol hydrochloride, compared to the control. Moreover, lipid peroxidation was observed in groups exposed to 20 and 200 µg/L, in comparison to the control.
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Khalilzadeh MA, Tajik S, Beitollahi H, Venditti RA. Green Synthesis of Magnetic Nanocomposite with Iron Oxide Deposited on Cellulose Nanocrystals with Copper (Fe3O4@CNC/Cu): Investigation of Catalytic Activity for the Development of a Venlafaxine Electrochemical Sensor. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b06214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A. Khalilzadeh
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, College of Natural Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695, United States
| | - Somayeh Tajik
- Research Center for Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7616913555, Iran
| | - Hadi Beitollahi
- Environment Department, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman 7631818356, Iran
| | - Richard A. Venditti
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, College of Natural Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695, United States
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Chabenat A, Bellanger C, Jozet-Alves C, Knigge T. Hidden in the sand: Alteration of burying behaviour in shore crabs and cuttlefish by antidepressant exposure. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 186:109738. [PMID: 31610357 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals such as antidepressants are constantly released into the aquatic environment. Consequently, fluoxetine (FLX) and venlafaxine (VEN), the active molecules of Prozac© and Effexor©, are detected up to several µg.L-1 in freshwater and marine coastal waters. Both compounds act on the serotoninergic system, which may result in behavioural impairment, especially in juvenile animals presumed to be more susceptible to low concentrations than adults. The objective of this study was to determine whether environmental concentrations of FLX alone or combined with VEN modulate innate burying behaviour in two juvenile marine invertebrates, i.e. Sepia officinalis and Carcinus maenas. Juvenile cuttlefish were exposed from hatching to 30 days post-hatching to either FLX alone (i.e. 5 ng.L-1) or in mixture with VEN (i.e. either 2.5 ng.L-1 or 5 ng.L-1 of each antidepressant). Juvenile crabs (<2 cm carapace width) were exposed for a period of 22 days to 5 ng.L-1 of FLX and a mixture of 5 ng.L-1 of FLX and VEN each. Several parameters of sand-digging behaviour were analysed weekly in both species. The occurrence of sand-digging behaviour decreased in cuttlefish exposed to a mixture of FLX and VEN at the lowest concentration (2.5 ng.L-1 each). Because sand-digging behaviour improved in controls, this decrease was likely to be related to a modification of maturation and/or learning processes. At the mixture of 5 ng.L-1 VEN and FLX each, a better body covering was observed in juvenile crabs. In both species, innate behaviour was modified under exposure to mixtures of FLX and VEN at environmentally realistic concentrations. These alterations were observed at an early developmental stage, when animals are particularly prone to predation. Hence, modified maturation of behavioural traits and, putatively, learning processes by exposure to pseudo-persistent antidepressants may affect the survival of these two species in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apolline Chabenat
- Normandie Univ, UNILEHAVRE, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, UMR-I02, Environmental Stress and Biomonitoring of Aquatic Environments (SEBIO), 76600, Le Havre, France; Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CNRS, EthoS, 14000, Caen, France
| | | | | | - Thomas Knigge
- Normandie Univ, UNILEHAVRE, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, UMR-I02, Environmental Stress and Biomonitoring of Aquatic Environments (SEBIO), 76600, Le Havre, France.
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Robledo-Sánchez KCM, Guevara-Pantoja FJ, Ruiz-Suárez JC. Video-tracking and high-speed bright field microscopy allow the determination of swimming and cardiac effects of D. magna exposed to local anaesthetics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 691:278-283. [PMID: 31323573 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Local anaesthetics are among the most used drugs in clinical practice, but once they are released to the environment, the effects on the aquatic fauna remain uncertain. This study evaluates, for the first time, the impact of tetracaine, lidocaine and bupivacaine on the survival rate and physiological effects of cladocera Daphnia magna. Video-tracking and image processing allowed us to obtain changes in behaviour parameters like swimming average velocity and mean square displacement. We found that tetracaine shows the most severe effect. A high-speed microscopy system was also used to determine the response of D. magna heart to these drugs. Our results show that tetracaine presents dose-dependent area reduction during all cardiac cycle, while bupivacaine and lidocaine did not present significative effects on heart size. The tested drugs, at environmental high concentrations, altered behaviour, heart function and survival of D. magna.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Carlo Martín Robledo-Sánchez
- Unidad Monterrey, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Vía del Conocimiento 201, PIIT, Autopista al Aeropuerto, Km. 9.5, Apodaca, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - F J Guevara-Pantoja
- Unidad Monterrey, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Vía del Conocimiento 201, PIIT, Autopista al Aeropuerto, Km. 9.5, Apodaca, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - J C Ruiz-Suárez
- Unidad Monterrey, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Vía del Conocimiento 201, PIIT, Autopista al Aeropuerto, Km. 9.5, Apodaca, Nuevo León, Mexico.
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Kostanjevecki P, Petric I, Loncar J, Smital T, Ahel M, Terzic S. Aerobic biodegradation of tramadol by pre-adapted activated sludge culture: Cometabolic transformations and bacterial community changes during enrichment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 687:858-866. [PMID: 31412489 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The biodegradation of biorecalcitrant opioid drug tramadol (TRAM) was studied in a model biodegradation experiment performed with an enriched activated sludge culture pre-adapted to high concentration of TRAM (20 mg/L). TRAM and its transformation products (TPs) were determined by applying ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS), the sludge culture was characterized using a 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, whereas ecotoxicological evaluation was performed based on determination of toxicity to freshwater algae. Tramadol removal was much faster (t1/2 = 1.3 days) and more efficient in glucose-containing mineral medium (cometabolic conditions) than in a medium without glucose. The elimination of the parent compound resulted in the formation of five TPs, two of which (TP 249 and TP 235) were identified as N-desmethyltramadol (N-DM TRAM) and N,N-didesmethyltramadol (N,N-diDM TRAM). The remaining 3 TPs (TP 277a-c) were isomeric compounds with an elemental composition of protonated molecules C16H24NO3 and a putative structure which involved oxidative modification of the dimethylamino group. Pronounced changes in the taxonomic composition of the activated sludge were observed during the enrichment, especially regarding an enhanced percentage of 8 genera (Bacillus, Mycobacterium, Enterobacter, Methylobacillus, Pedobacter, Xanthobacter, Leadbetterella and Kaistia), which might be related to the observed transformations. The removal of TRAM resulted in proportional reduction of algal toxicity, implying a positive result of the accomplished transformation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Kostanjevecki
- Division of Marine and Environmental Research, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ines Petric
- Division of Marine and Environmental Research, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jovica Loncar
- Division of Marine and Environmental Research, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tvrtko Smital
- Division of Marine and Environmental Research, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marijan Ahel
- Division of Marine and Environmental Research, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Senka Terzic
- Division of Marine and Environmental Research, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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Shreve MJ, Brennan RA. Trace organic contaminant removal in six full-scale integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) systems treating municipal wastewater. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 151:318-331. [PMID: 30616044 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Trace organic contaminants (TrOCs) often pass through conventional activated sludge wastewater treatment plants (CAS-WWTPs) and are discharged into surface waters, where they can threaten aquatic ecosystems and human health, largely due to the hormone disrupting effects of certain TrOCs. The integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) process is a cost-effective means of upgrading CAS-WWTPs by adding free-floating carrier media, which promotes biofilm formation in the well-mixed suspended growth reactors, providing a potential niche for slow-growing microorganisms. Although IFAS upgrades are typically aimed at enhancing nutrient removal, limited bench- and pilot-scale data indicate that TrOC removal may also be improved. However, only limited reports which focus on a small number of compounds in individual full-scale IFAS-WWTPs have been published to date, and no data is available regarding the removal of estrogenic activity in full-scale IFAS-WWTPs. In this study, six full-scale IFAS-WWTPs were surveyed to quantify TrOC and estrogenic activity removal. Twenty-four hour composite samples of secondary influent and effluent (pre-disinfection) were analyzed for total suspended solids (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia, total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), estrogenic activity, and 98 TrOCs. The biomass distribution between the suspended growth phase (i.e. mixed liquor) and IFAS media was also assessed. All IFAS-WWTPs performed well in terms of TSS, COD, and ammonia removal. TN removal varied in accordance with nitrate removal. Total solids per liter of wetted reactor volume ranged from 2.5 to 7.6 g, with 40-60% attached to media. TrOCs with no detection (17) and those with high median removal (23, ≥90% average removal) were observed. Other TrOCs had lower and more variable removal efficiencies. Qualitative comparison with CAS literature shows potentially higher IFAS removal efficiencies for a number of compounds including several which have been previously indicated in bench- or pilot-scale studies (atenolol, diclofenac, gemfibrozil, DEET, 4-nonylphenol, and 4-tert-octylphenol), as well as the chlorinated flame retardants TCIPP and TDCIPP. Effluent estrogenic activity was found to be similar to that reported for full-scale CAS-WWTPs. These results provide the first survey of multiple full-scale IFAS-WWTPs employing mobile plastic carrier media in terms of basic chemical endpoints (removal of ammonia, TN, TP, and COD), the distribution of solids within the systems, and the removal of TrOCs and estrogenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Shreve
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, 212 Sackett Building, University Park, PA, USA, 16802
| | - Rachel A Brennan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, 212 Sackett Building, University Park, PA, USA, 16802.
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Romanucci V, Siciliano A, Galdiero E, Guida M, Luongo G, Liguori R, Di Fabio G, Previtera L, Zarrelli A. Disinfection by-Products and Ecotoxic Risk Associated with Hypochlorite Treatment of Tramadol. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24040693. [PMID: 30769936 PMCID: PMC6412430 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24040693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, many studies have highlighted the consistent finding of tramadol (TRA) in the effluents from wastewater treatment plants (WTPs) and also in some rivers and lakes in both Europe and North America, suggesting that TRA is removed by no more than 36% by specific disinfection treatments. The extensive use of this drug has led to environmental pollution of both water and soil, up to its detection in growing plants. In order to expand the knowledge about TRA toxicity as well as the nature of its disinfection by-products (DBPs), a simulation of the waste treatment chlorination step has been reported herein. In particular, we found seven new by-products, that together with TRA, have been assayed on different living organisms (Aliivibrio fischeri, Raphidocelis subcapitata and Daphnia magna), to test their acute and chronic toxicity. The results reported that TRA may be classified as a harmful compound to some aquatic organisms whereas its chlorinated product mixture showed no effects on any of the organisms tested. All data suggest however that TRA chlorination treatment produces a variety of DBPs which can be more harmful than TRA and a risk for the aquatic environment and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Romanucci
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia 4 (ed. 5), I-80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Antonietta Siciliano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, via Cintia 4 (ed. 7), I-80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Emilia Galdiero
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, via Cintia 4 (ed. 7), I-80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Marco Guida
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, via Cintia 4 (ed. 7), I-80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Luongo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia 4 (ed. 5), I-80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Renato Liguori
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Naples Parthenope, I-80143 Naples, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Di Fabio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia 4 (ed. 5), I-80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Lucio Previtera
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia 4 (ed. 5), I-80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Armando Zarrelli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia 4 (ed. 5), I-80126 Naples, Italy.
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Moral-Rodríguez AI, Leyva-Ramos R, Ania CO, Ocampo-Pérez R, Isaacs-Páez ED, Carrales-Alvarado DH, Parra JB. Tailoring the textural properties of an activated carbon for enhancing its adsorption capacity towards diclofenac from aqueous solution. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:6141-6152. [PMID: 30617878 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3991-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A series of activated carbons (ACs) were prepared by modifying a commercial AC by physical activation using CO2 during different activation times. The ACs were designated as F, F12, F24, and F40 corresponding to the activation times of 0, 12, 24, and 40 h, respectively. The surface area, total pore volume, micropore volume, and mean micropore width were determined for all the ACs. The textural properties of the modified ACs increased substantially with the activation time, and the capacity of the ACs for adsorbing diclofenac (DCF) was almost linearly dependent upon the surface area of the ACS. The maximum adsorption capacities of F, F12, F24, and F40 carbons towards diclofenac (DCF) from aqueous solution were 271, 522, 821, and 1033 mg/g, respectively. Hence, the adsorption capacities of ACs were considerably enhanced with the activation time, and F12, F24, and F40 carbons presented the highest adsorption capacities towards DCF reported in the technical literature. The F40 adsorption capacity was at least twice those of other carbon materials. The adsorption capacities decreased by raising the pH from 7 to 11 due to electrostatic repulsion between the ACs surface and anionic DCF in solution. The removal of DCF from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent was effectively carried out by adsorption on F40. Hence, the capacity of ACs for adsorbing DCF can be optimized by tailoring the porous structure of ACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana I Moral-Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios de Posgrado, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, UASLP, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava No. 6, SLP 78210, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Roberto Leyva-Ramos
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios de Posgrado, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, UASLP, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava No. 6, SLP 78210, San Luis Potosí, México.
| | - Conchi O Ania
- POR2E Group, CEMHTI (UPR 3079) CNRS, Univ. Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Raul Ocampo-Pérez
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios de Posgrado, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, UASLP, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava No. 6, SLP 78210, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Elizabeth D Isaacs-Páez
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios de Posgrado, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, UASLP, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava No. 6, SLP 78210, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Damarys H Carrales-Alvarado
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios de Posgrado, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, UASLP, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava No. 6, SLP 78210, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Jose B Parra
- Instituto Nacional del Carbón (INCAR, CSIC), Oviedo, Spain
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Bergé A, Buleté A, Fildier A, Mailler R, Gasperi J, Coquet Y, Nauleau F, Rocher V, Vulliet E. Non-target strategies by HRMS to evaluate fluidized micro-grain activated carbon as a tertiary treatment of wastewater. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 213:587-595. [PMID: 30268939 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.09.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Among the release solutions for reducing the discharge of organic and persistent contaminants in the aquatic environment, the use of a tertiary treatment in addition to existing conventional wastewater treatment processes is considered. The use of micro-grain activated carbon in a fluidized bed is a promising technique investigated in this study. The effluents from a large-scale pilot system were analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (QToF). Several strategies were deployed, namely molecular fingerprint comparison, suspected and non-target analyses, identification of refractory compounds to treatment, and finally, quantification of identified compounds. The evaluation of the molecular fingerprints provided evidence of the overall effect of the tertiary treatment on the treated wastewater quality. The suspected approach highlighted the presence of 83 pharmaceuticals and pesticides as well as transformation products in the effluents. The non-target approaches also highlighted compounds refractory to tertiary treatment, such as illicit drugs or some pharmaceuticals. The identification and quantification of identified compounds underscored the suitability of micro-grain activated carbon in eliminating many classes of pharmaceuticals with various physicochemical properties, such as anti-hypertensive, analgesic, anti-viral, antidepressant and even various pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bergé
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ens de Lyon - Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - A Buleté
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ens de Lyon - Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100, Villeurbanne, France.
| | - A Fildier
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ens de Lyon - Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - R Mailler
- SIAAP, Direction de l'Innovation et de l'Environnement, 82 avenue Kléber, 92700, Colombes, France
| | - J Gasperi
- LEESU (UMR MA 102, Université Paris-Est, AgroParisTech), Université Paris-Est Créteil, 61 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94010 Créteil Cedex, France
| | - Y Coquet
- SAUR, Direction de la Recherche et du Développement, 1 rue Antoine Lavoisier, 78064 Guyancourt, France
| | - F Nauleau
- SAUR, Direction de la Recherche et du Développement, 1 rue Antoine Lavoisier, 78064 Guyancourt, France
| | - V Rocher
- SIAAP, Direction de l'Innovation et de l'Environnement, 82 avenue Kléber, 92700, Colombes, France
| | - E Vulliet
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ens de Lyon - Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100, Villeurbanne, France
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Montemurro N, García-Vara M, Peña-Herrera JM, Lladó J, Barceló D, Pérez S. Conventional and Advanced Processes for the Removal of Pharmaceuticals and Their Human Metabolites from Wastewater. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2018-1302.ch002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Montemurro
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry (IDAEA), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Manuel García-Vara
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry (IDAEA), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Peña-Herrera
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry (IDAEA), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Jordi Lladó
- Department of Mining, Industrial and TIC Engineering (EMIT), Universitat Politécnica de Catalunya (UPC), Manresa, Barcelona 08242, Spain
| | - Damià Barceló
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry (IDAEA), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Sandra Pérez
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry (IDAEA), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona 08034, Spain
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Qu H, Ma R, Wang B, Zhang Y, Yin L, Yu G, Deng S, Huang J, Wang Y. Effects of microplastics on the uptake, distribution and biotransformation of chiral antidepressant venlafaxine in aquatic ecosystem. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 359:104-112. [PMID: 30014905 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the enantioselective environmental behaviors of the chiral antidepressant venlafaxine (VFX) in lab-scale aquatic ecosystems in the presence of microplastics (MPs). To determine the bioaccumulation, distribution, and metabolism as well as the effects of MPs on aquatic ecosystems, water-sediment, water-Lemna.minor (L.minor), water-Misgurnus.anguillicaudatus (M.anguillicaudatus), and water-sediment-L.minor-M.anguillicaudatus ecosystems were set up and exposed to venlafaxine and two levels of microplastics over a 90-day period. The removal efficiencies of VFX ranged from 58 to 96% in different ecosystems, and VFX degraded significantly faster in the complex water-sediment-L.minor-M.anguillicaudatus ecosystem with S-enantiomer preferentially enriched. The main metabolite O-desmethylvenlafaxine (O-DVFX) was also observed in ecosystems, displaying similar enantioselectivity. When exposed to 50 mg L-1 of microplastics, the amount of venlafaxine in sediment and loach (M.anguillicaudatus) were significantly higher than that in the 1 mg L-1 microplastics treatments, and enhanced accumulation of O-DVFX was observed in loach. The present study for the first time assessed the combined effects of venlafaxine and microplastics in simulated aquatic microcosms, which could help gain an insight into the potential ecological impacts of chiral pollutants and microplastic, and evaluate their environment risks more accurately in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Qu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ruixue Ma
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Yizhe Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Lina Yin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Gang Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Shubo Deng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jun Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yujue Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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45
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Maulvault AL, Santos LHMLM, Paula JR, Camacho C, Pissarra V, Fogaça F, Barbosa V, Alves R, Ferreira PP, Barceló D, Rodriguez-Mozaz S, Marques A, Diniz M, Rosa R. Differential behavioural responses to venlafaxine exposure route, warming and acidification in juvenile fish (Argyrosomus regius). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 634:1136-1147. [PMID: 29660870 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Antidepressants, such as venlafaxine (VFX), which are considered emerging environmental pollutants, are increasingly more present in the marine environment, and recent evidence suggest that they might have adverse effects on fish behaviour. Furthermore, altered environmental conditions associated to climate change (e.g. warming and acidification) can also have a determinant role on fish behaviour, fitness and survival. Yet, the underlying interactions between these environmental stressors (pharmaceuticals exposure and climate change) are still far from being fully understood. The aim of this study was to assess behavioural responses (in juvenile meagre (Argyrosomus regius) exposed to VFX via water ([VFX] ~20μgL-1) and via dietary sources ([VFX] ~160μgkg-1 dry weight), as well as to increased temperature (ΔT°C=+5°C) and high CO2 levels (ΔpCO2 ~1000μatm; equivalent to ΔpH=-0.4units). Overall, VFX bioaccumulation in fish plasma was enhanced under the combination of warming and acidification. VFX triggered fish exploration, whereas fish activity and shoal cohesion were reduced. Acidification alone decreased fish exploration and shoal cohesion, and reversed fish preference to turn leftwards compared to control conditions. Such alterations were further enhanced by VFX exposure. The combination of warming and acidification also reduced shoal cohesion and loss of lateralization, regardless of VFX exposure. The distinct behaviour observed when VFX contamination, acidification and warming acted alone or in combination highlighted the need to consider the likely interactive effects of seawater warming and acidification in future research regarding the toxicological aspects of chemical contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luísa Maulvault
- Division of Aquaculture and Seafood Upgrading, Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, I.P. (IPMA), Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-006 Lisboa, Portugal; Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Laboratório Marítimo da Guia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Nossa Senhora do Cabo, 939, 2750-374 Cascais, Portugal.
| | - Lúcia H M L M Santos
- ICRA, Catalan Institute for Water Research, Parc Científic i Tecnològic de la Universitat de Girona, C/ Emili Grahit, 101, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - José Ricardo Paula
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Laboratório Marítimo da Guia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Nossa Senhora do Cabo, 939, 2750-374 Cascais, Portugal
| | - Carolina Camacho
- Division of Aquaculture and Seafood Upgrading, Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, I.P. (IPMA), Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-006 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Vasco Pissarra
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Laboratório Marítimo da Guia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Nossa Senhora do Cabo, 939, 2750-374 Cascais, Portugal
| | | | - Vera Barbosa
- Division of Aquaculture and Seafood Upgrading, Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, I.P. (IPMA), Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-006 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Alves
- Division of Aquaculture and Seafood Upgrading, Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, I.P. (IPMA), Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-006 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro Pousão Ferreira
- Division of Aquaculture and Seafood Upgrading, Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, I.P. (IPMA), Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-006 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Damià Barceló
- ICRA, Catalan Institute for Water Research, Parc Científic i Tecnològic de la Universitat de Girona, C/ Emili Grahit, 101, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Sara Rodriguez-Mozaz
- ICRA, Catalan Institute for Water Research, Parc Científic i Tecnològic de la Universitat de Girona, C/ Emili Grahit, 101, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - António Marques
- Division of Aquaculture and Seafood Upgrading, Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, I.P. (IPMA), Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-006 Lisboa, Portugal; Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Mário Diniz
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE Chemistry Department, Centre of Fine Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Nova University of Lisbon (CQFB-FCT/UNL), 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Rui Rosa
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Laboratório Marítimo da Guia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Nossa Senhora do Cabo, 939, 2750-374 Cascais, Portugal
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46
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Lima DLD, Silva CP, Otero M. Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for the quantification of venlafaxine in environmental waters. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 217:71-77. [PMID: 29597109 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The present work describes a new methodology for the detection of the antidepressant venlafaxine (VEN) in aquatic environments using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction followed by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (DLLME-HPLC-FLD). The method developed is fast, low cost, easy to apply, uses a small volume of organic solvents and allows the simultaneous extraction of various samples. The DLLME-HPLC-FLD method presented a linearity range from 25 to 1500 ng L-1, a detection limit of 24.2 ± 0.2 ng L-1, and an enrichment factor of 75 ± 4. Recovery tests using solutions of NaCl and humic acids showed that ionic strength and organic matter do not influence the efficiency of the extraction, with extraction recoveries above 77%. Finally, the optimized method was applied to the analysis of water samples from different origins and VEN was only detected in one water sample obtained from a waste water treatment plant (WWTP), which had a concentration of 175 ± 5 ng L-1. Recovery tests performed in environmental aquatic samples demonstrated that the developed extraction procedure is not influenced by the complex water matrices, with results ranging from 76 to 93%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana L D Lima
- CESAM & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, ESTESC-Coimbra Health School, Complementary Sciences, Rua 5 de Outubro, S. Martinho do Bispo, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Carla Patrícia Silva
- CESAM & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Marta Otero
- CESAM & Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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47
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Ali MEM, Abd El-Aty AM, Badawy MI, Ali RK. Removal of pharmaceutical pollutants from synthetic wastewater using chemically modified biomass of green alga Scenedesmus obliquus. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 151:144-152. [PMID: 29331919 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical compounds are considered emerging environmental pollutants that have a potential harmful impact on environment and human health. In this study, the biomass of alga (Scenedesmus obliquus) was modified using alkaline solution, and used for the biosorption of tramadol (TRAM) and other pharmaceuticals. The adsorption kinetics and isotherms were investigated. The obtained results reveal high adsorption capacity of tramadol over modified algal biomass (MAB) after 45min with removal percentage of 91%. Pseudo-second order model was well fitted with the experimental data with correlation coefficient (0.999). Biosorption of tramadol on modified algal biomass proceeds with Freundlich isotherm model with correlation coefficient (0.942) that emphasized uptake of TRAM by MAB is driven by chemisorption. FTIR spectra of MAB before and after the adsorption were analyzed; some IR bands were detected with slight shift and low intensity suggesting their involving in adsorption. The tramadol biosorption by MAB is a chemical process as confirmed by Dubinin-Radushkevich. The adsorption of pharmaceutical over MAB is mainly preceded by hydrophilic interactions between amino and carbonyl groups in pharmaceutical molecules and hydroxyl and carbonyl functional groups on surface of biosorbent. It was emphasized by disappearance O-H and C-O from biomass IR spectra after adsorption. In matrix of pharmaceutical, the recorded adsorption capacities for CEFA, PARA, IBU, TRAM and CIP are 68, 58, 42, 42 and 39mg/g over MAB at natural pH and MAB dose of 0.5g/L. Furthermore, oxygen uptake by bacteria was applied for estimate the toxicity of pharmaceutical. The recorded result concluded the efficient reusability of modified algal biomass for biosorption of pharmaceuticals, as well only the adsorption efficiency decreased by 4.5% after three runs. Subsequently, the modified algal biomass is a promising reusable adsorbent for decontamination of wastewater from pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed E M Ali
- Water Pollution Research Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt.
| | - Azza M Abd El-Aty
- Water Pollution Research Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Mohamed I Badawy
- Water Pollution Research Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Rizka K Ali
- Water Pollution Research Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
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48
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Zucker I, Mamane H, Riani A, Gozlan I, Avisar D. Formation and degradation of N-oxide venlafaxine during ozonation and biological post-treatment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 619-620:578-586. [PMID: 29156276 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
While ozonation is considered an efficient treatment to eliminate trace organic compounds (TrOCs) from secondary wastewater effluents, the presence and persistence of transformation products (TPs) resulting from ozonation of TrOCs is a major concern that should be assessed prior to effluent discharge to the environment. Venlafaxine (VLX), an environmentally relevant tertiary amine-containing TrOC, was chosen as the model for this study. TP analysis confirmed that the lone electron pair of the non-protonated amine are the predominant site of oxidant attack, and therefore strongly affected by pH value and VLX speciation. N-oxide VLX (NOV), the primary ozone-induced TP, was formed and degraded simultaneously during ozonation of VLX-containing secondary effluent and reached a maximum yield of 0.44 to 0.85 (NOV-to-VLX0 ratio), depending on pH and hydroxyl (OH) radical presence. Rate constants for the reaction of NOV with ozone (3.1×102M-1s-1) and OH radicals (5.3×109M-1s-1) were determined. A simple kinetic model was developed to fit the kinetics of formation and degradation of NOV during ozonation in secondary effluents, based on a known ozone-reaction kinetic equation. The biodegradability of NOV (degradation rate of 39%) was significantly lower than that of the parent compound (VLX, 92%) after 71days, as evaluated by modified Zahn-Wellens tests, suggesting that N-oxide products are not better removed than the parent compound in a simulated biological post-treatment, which may even result in partial reformation of the parent compound. Lessons learned from this study were supported by a pilot-scale demonstration at the Shafdan wastewater-treatment plant, confirming the presence of NOV after ozonation and its persistence in biological post-treatment. Removal of such persistent TP will require higher dosages or promotion of OH-radicals during ozonation. Nevertheless, further assessment of the toxicity of persistent TPs relative to the parent compound is needed for complete evaluation of concerned TPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Zucker
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Water Research Center, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Hydro-Chemistry and Water Research Center, Earth Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Department of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Hadas Mamane
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Water Research Center, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Alon Riani
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Water Research Center, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Hydro-Chemistry and Water Research Center, Earth Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Igal Gozlan
- Hydro-Chemistry and Water Research Center, Earth Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Dror Avisar
- Hydro-Chemistry and Water Research Center, Earth Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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49
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Sopilniak A, Elkayam R, Rossin AV, Lev O. Emerging organic pollutants in the vadose zone of a soil aquifer treatment system: Pore water extraction using positive displacement. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 190:383-392. [PMID: 29024883 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Trace organic compounds in effluents, water streams and aquifers are amply reported. However, the mobile pool of Emerging Organic Contaminants (EOCs) in the deep parts of the vadose zone is hard to estimate, due to difficulties in extraction of sufficient quantity of pore water. Here, we present a new methodology for depth profiling of EOCs in pore water by Positive Displacement Extraction (PDE): Pore water extraction from unsaturated soil samples is carried out by withdrawal of soil cores by direct-push drilling and infiltrating the core by organics free water. We show that EOC concentrations in the water eluted in the plateau region of the inverse breakthrough curve is equal to their pore water concentrations. The method was previously validated for DOC extraction, and here the scope of the methodology is extended to pore water extraction for organic pollutants analysis. Method characteristics and validation were carried out with atrazine, simazine, carbamazepine, venlafaxine, O-desmethylvenlafaxine and caffeine in the concentration range of several ng to several μg/liter. Validation was carried out by laboratory experiments on three different soils (sandy, sandy-clayey and clayey). Field studies in the vadose zone of a SAT system provided 27 m deep EOC profiles with less than 1.5 m spatial resolution. During the percolation treatment, carbamazepine remained persistent, while the other studied EOCs were attenuated to the extent of 50-99%.The highest degradation rate of all studied EOCs was in the aerobic zone. EOC levels based on PDE and extraction by centrifugation were compared, showing a positive bias for centrifugation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Sopilniak
- Casali Center of Applied Chemistry, The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Roy Elkayam
- Casali Center of Applied Chemistry, The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel; Mekorot, Israel National Water Company. LTD., Israel
| | - Anna Voloshenko Rossin
- Casali Center of Applied Chemistry, The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Ovadia Lev
- Casali Center of Applied Chemistry, The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel.
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50
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Hawkins SJ, Evans AJ, Mieszkowska N, Adams LC, Bray S, Burrows MT, Firth LB, Genner MJ, Leung KMY, Moore PJ, Pack K, Schuster H, Sims DW, Whittington M, Southward EC. Distinguishing globally-driven changes from regional- and local-scale impacts: The case for long-term and broad-scale studies of recovery from pollution. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 124:573-586. [PMID: 28314615 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.01.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Marine ecosystems are subject to anthropogenic change at global, regional and local scales. Global drivers interact with regional- and local-scale impacts of both a chronic and acute nature. Natural fluctuations and those driven by climate change need to be understood to diagnose local- and regional-scale impacts, and to inform assessments of recovery. Three case studies are used to illustrate the need for long-term studies: (i) separation of the influence of fishing pressure from climate change on bottom fish in the English Channel; (ii) recovery of rocky shore assemblages from the Torrey Canyon oil spill in the southwest of England; (iii) interaction of climate change and chronic Tributyltin pollution affecting recovery of rocky shore populations following the Torrey Canyon oil spill. We emphasize that "baselines" or "reference states" are better viewed as envelopes that are dependent on the time window of observation. Recommendations are made for adaptive management in a rapidly changing world.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Hawkins
- Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, Southampton SO17 3ZH, UK; The Marine Biological Association of the UK, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK
| | - A J Evans
- Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, Southampton SO17 3ZH, UK; The Marine Biological Association of the UK, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK.
| | - N Mieszkowska
- The Marine Biological Association of the UK, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK; School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GP, UK
| | - L C Adams
- The Marine Biological Association of the UK, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK
| | - S Bray
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; AHTI Ltd. Unit 16, Highcroft Industrial Estate, Enterprise Road, Waterlooville, Hampshire PO8 0BT, UK
| | - M T Burrows
- Department of Ecology, Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Oban PA37 1QA, UK
| | - L B Firth
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, Plymouth University, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - M J Genner
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - K M Y Leung
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulan Road, Hong Kong
| | - P J Moore
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3FG, UK
| | - K Pack
- The Marine Biological Association of the UK, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK
| | - H Schuster
- Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, Southampton SO17 3ZH, UK
| | - D W Sims
- The Marine Biological Association of the UK, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK
| | - M Whittington
- International Tanker Owners Pollution Federation Ltd., 1 Oliver's Yard, 55 City Road, London EC1Y 1HQ, UK
| | - E C Southward
- The Marine Biological Association of the UK, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK
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