1
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Khoshnood Z. A review on toxic effects of pesticides in Zebrafish, Danio rerio and common carp, Cyprinus carpio, emphasising Atrazine herbicide. Toxicol Rep 2024; 13:101694. [PMID: 39131695 PMCID: PMC11314875 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2024.101694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The widespread use of pesticides has emerged as a pressing environmental concern nowadays. These chemical compounds pose a significant threat to aquatic organisms due to their toxic effects. Zebrafish and common carp are two common species used in pesticide toxicity studies. Atrazine, a widely used herbicide, is one of the most prevalent globally, detectable in nearly all surface waters. This article examines existing literature to provide a comprehensive review of the toxic effects of Atrazine on Zebrafish and common carp. The findings reveal that exposure to atrazine triggers a range of biochemical, physiological, behavioral, and genetic alterations in these fish species, even at concentrations deemed environmentally relevant. These changes could have severe consequences, including increased mortality rates, reproductive failures, and potentially leading to fish populations decline. It is, therefore, imperative to prioritize stringent regulatory measures to curb the usage of this herbicide and safeguard fish species as unintended victims of aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Khoshnood
- Department of Biology, Dezful Branch, Islamic Azad University, Dezful, Iran
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2
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di Domenico K, Lacchetti I, Cafiero G, Mancini A, Carere M, Mancini L. Reviewing the use of zebrafish for the detection of neurotoxicity induced by chemical mixtures through the analysis of behaviour. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 359:142246. [PMID: 38710414 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
The knowledge and assessment of mixtures of chemical pollutants in the aquatic environment is a complex issue that is often challenging to address. In this review, we focused on the use of zebrafish (Danio rerio), a vertebrate widely used in biomedical research, as a model for detecting the effects of chemical mixtures with a focus on behaviour. Our aim was to summarize the current status of the ecotoxicological research in this sector. Specifically, we limited our research to the period between January 2012 and September 2023, including only those works aimed at detecting neurotoxicity through behavioural endpoints, utilizing zebrafish at one or more developmental stages, from egg to adult. Additionally, we gathered the findings for every group of chemicals involved and summarised data from all the works we included. At the end of the screening process 101 papers were considered eligible for inclusion. Results show a growing interest in zebrafish at all life stages for this kind of research in the last decade. Also, a wide variety of different assays, involving different senses, was used in the works we surveyed, with exposures ranging from acute to chronic. In conclusion, the results of this study show the versatility of zebrafish as a model for the detection of mixture toxicity although, for what concerns behavioural analysis, the lack of standardisation of methods and endpoints might still be limiting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin di Domenico
- Ecohealth Unit, Environment and Health Department, Italian National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Ines Lacchetti
- Ecohealth Unit, Environment and Health Department, Italian National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Cafiero
- Environmental Risk Assessment, Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Aurora Mancini
- Ecohealth Unit, Environment and Health Department, Italian National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Carere
- Ecohealth Unit, Environment and Health Department, Italian National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Mancini
- Ecohealth Unit, Environment and Health Department, Italian National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
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3
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Islam MA, Lopes I, Domingues I, Silva DCVR, Blasco J, Pereira JL, Araújo CVM. Behavioural, developmental and biochemical effects in zebrafish caused by ibuprofen, irgarol and terbuthylazine. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 344:140373. [PMID: 37806324 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The increasing use of chemicals and their release into aquatic ecosystems are harming aquatic biota. Despite extensive ecotoxicological research, many environmental pollutants' ecological effects are still unknown. This study examined the spatial avoidance, behavioural and biochemical impacts of ibuprofen, irgarol, and terbuthylazine on the early life stages of zebrafish (Danio rerio) under a range of ecologically relevant concentrations (0-500 μg/L). Embryos were exposed following the OECD guideline "fish embryo toxicity test" complemented with biochemical assessment of AChE activity and behavioural analyses (swimming activity) using the video tracking system Zebrabox. Moreover, spatial avoidance was assessed by exposing 120 hpf-old larvae of D. rerio to a gradient of each chemical, by using the heterogeneous multi-habitat assay system (HeMHAS). The results obtained revealed that the 3 compounds delayed hatching at concentrations of 50 and 500 μg/L for both ibuprofen and irgarol and 500 μg/L for terbuthylazine. Moreover, all chemicals elicited a dose-dependent depression of movement (swimming distance) with LOEC values of 5, 500 and 50 μg/L for ibuprofen, irgarol and terbuthylazine, respectively. Zebrafish larvae avoided the three chemicals studied, with 4 h-AC50 values for ibuprofen, irgarol, and terbuthylazine of 64.32, 79.86, and 131.04 μg/L, respectively. The results of the HeMHAS assay suggest that larvae may early on avoid (just after 4 h of exposure) concentrations of the three chemicals that may later induce, apical and biochemical effects. Findings from this study make clear some advantages of using HeMHAS in ecotoxicology as it is: ecologically relevant (by simulating a chemically heterogeneous environmental scenario), sensitive (the perception of chemicals and the avoidance can occur at concentrations lower than those producing lethal or sublethal effects) and more humane and refined approach (organisms are not mandatorily exposed to concentrations that can produce individual toxicity).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ariful Islam
- Institute of Marine Sciences of Andalusia (CSIC), Department of Ecology and Coastal Management, Campus Universitario Río San Pedro, s/n, 11510, Puerto Real, Spain; Department of Aquatic Resource Management, Faculty of Fisheries, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, 3100, Bangladesh; Management and Conservation of the Sea, University of Cadiz, 11510, Puerto Real, Spain.
| | - Isabel Lopes
- CESAM & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Inês Domingues
- CESAM & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Daniel C V R Silva
- Institute of Exact Sciences, Federal University of Southern and Southeastern Pará, Marabá, 68507-590, Pará, Brazil; Institute of Natural Resources, Federal University of Itajubá (UNIFEI), Laboratory of Limnology and Ecotoxicolo Gy, Itajubá, 37500-903, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Julián Blasco
- Institute of Marine Sciences of Andalusia (CSIC), Department of Ecology and Coastal Management, Campus Universitario Río San Pedro, s/n, 11510, Puerto Real, Spain.
| | - Joana Luísa Pereira
- CESAM & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Cristiano V M Araújo
- Institute of Marine Sciences of Andalusia (CSIC), Department of Ecology and Coastal Management, Campus Universitario Río San Pedro, s/n, 11510, Puerto Real, Spain.
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4
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Li D, Ma XY, Zhang S, Wang YK, Han Y, Chen R, Wang XC, Ngo HH. Aquatic photolysis of high-risk chemicals of emerging concern from secondary effluent mediated by sunlight irradiation for ecological safety and the enhanced methods. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 238:120002. [PMID: 37148692 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Natural sunlight can reduce the chemicals of emerging concern (CECs) and biological effects from the discharged domestic wastewater. But the aquatic photolysis and biotoxic variations of specific CECs detected in secondary effluent (SE) were not clear. In this study, 29 CECs were detected in the SE, and 13 medium- and high-risk CECs were identified as target chemicals based on their ecological risk assessment. To comprehensively explore the photolysis properties of the identified target chemicals, the direct and self-sensitized photodegradation of the target chemicals, even the indirect photodegradation in the mixture, were investigated and compared with these photodegradation in the SE. Of the 13 target chemicals, only five chemicals (including dichlorvos (DDVP), mefenamic acid (MEF), diphenhydramine hydrochloride (DPH), chlorpyrifos (CPF), and imidacloprid (IMI)) underwent direct and self-sensitized photodegradation processes. The removal of DDVP, MEF, and DPH was attributed to self-sensitized photodegradation, which was mainly mediated by •OH; CPF and IMI primarily relied on direct photodegradation. Synergistic and/or antagonistic actions that occurred in the mixture improved/decreased the rate constants of five photodegradable target chemicals. Meanwhile, the biotoxicities (acute toxicity and genotoxicity) of the target chemicals (including individual chemicals and the mixture) were significantly reduced, which can explain the reduction of biotoxicities from SE. For the two refractory high-risk chemicals, atrazine (ATZ) and carbendazim (MBC), algae-derived intracellular dissolved organic matter (IOM) on ATZ, and IOM and extracellular dissolved organic matter (EOM) on MBC had slightly promotion for their photodegradation; while peroxysulfate, and peroxymonosulfate served as sensitizers were activated by natural sunlight and effectively improved their photodegradation rate, and then reduced their biotoxicities. These findings will promote the development of CECs treatment technologies based on sunlight irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Li
- Key Lab of Environmental Engineering (Shaanxi province), School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No.13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Y Ma
- Key Lab of Environmental Engineering (Shaanxi province), School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No.13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, PR China; International Science & Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology (Ministry of Education), Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No.13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, PR China.
| | - Shiying Zhang
- Key Lab of Environmental Engineering (Shaanxi province), School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No.13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, PR China
| | - Yongkun K Wang
- School of Environment and Tourism, West Anhui University, Lùan 237000, PR China
| | - Yingnan Han
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China
| | - Rong Chen
- Key Lab of Environmental Engineering (Shaanxi province), School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No.13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, PR China; International Science & Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology (Ministry of Education), Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No.13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, PR China
| | - Xiaochang C Wang
- Key Lab of Environmental Engineering (Shaanxi province), School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No.13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, PR China; International Science & Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology (Ministry of Education), Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No.13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, PR China
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
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5
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Jiang J, He B, Liu X, Liu D, Zhou Z, Wang P. Influence of co-exposure to sulfamethazine on the toxicity and bioaccumulation kinetics of chlorpyrifos in zebrafish (Danio rerio). CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136317. [PMID: 36075364 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides and antibiotics are frequently present in aquatic environment which may pose potential risks to aquatic organisms. However, the interaction of pesticides and antibiotics in co-exposure model remains unclear. Here, the effects of the co-exposure of sulfamethazine (SMZ) on the toxicity and bioaccumulation of the organophosphorus insecticide chlorpyrifos (CPF) in zebrafish (Danio rerio) were explored. The 96-h LC50 of chlorpyrifos to zebrafish was 1.36 mg/L and sulfamethazine at 1 mg/L slightly increased the acute toxicity with the 96-h LC50 of 1.20 mg/L which was not significant. The 30-day co-exposure of chlorpyrifos with sulfamethazine at 1 mg/L aggravated the oxidative stress, decreased CarE and AChE activity, and increased CYP450 activity significantly. Furthermore, the co-exposure reduced the accumulation of chlorpyrifos and sulfamethazine while prolonged their depuration duration. The results demonstrated the exposure risk of chlorpyrifos to zebrafish may be enhanced in the presence of sulfamethazine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangong Jiang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Bingying He
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Xueke Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Donghui Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Peng Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
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6
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Li H, Yang H, Zhou M, Wei T, Zhou Y. Synergistic Effects of IMX-104 Components in Membrane Absorption: A Computational Study. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:40892-40899. [PMID: 36406561 PMCID: PMC9670098 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
New insensitive munitions such as IMX-104 formulations are being developed to improve the safety suffering from accidental stimulations. Experimental data indicated the synergistic toxicity of 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN) and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) in IMX-104, which increased the concern about its environmental and health threats. Indeed, little is known about the synergistic mechanism. Here, we investigated the membrane absorption of DNAN and RDX as the first step toward uncovering synergistic toxicity. The permeability coefficient, transmembrane time, and liposome-water partition coefficient were calculated by the umbrella sampling technique. The results show that component RDX in the IMX-104 formulation promotes the membrane absorption of another more toxic component DNAN, suggesting that the synergistic toxicity effect of IMX-104 may emerge from their membrane adsorption stage. In detail, the integrating free-energy curves show that DNAN, RDX, or their mixture in membranes would promote subsequent molecules passing through membranes. For the mixture of DNAN and RDX, RDX was absorbed by the membrane before DNAN. Postabsorbed DNAN tends to stay around RDX, which is due to the strong van der Waals (VDW) interaction between them. RDX stabilized under phospholipid headgroups limits the overflow of DNAN from the membrane, which results in 11% more absorption of DNAN by the membrane than in the case of the pure DNAN system.
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7
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Vera-Herrera L, Araújo CVM, Cordero-de-Castro A, Blasco J, Picó Y. Assessing the colonization by Daphnia magna of pesticide-disturbed habitats (chlorpyrifos, terbuthylazine and their mixtures) and the behavioral and neurotoxic effects. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 311:119983. [PMID: 35988674 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The spread of pesticides in water bodies integrated into agricultural landscapes may prevent some areas from being colonized. In this study, the effects on the colonization responses of D. magna exerted by gradients of realistic environmental concentrations of the pesticides chlorpyrifos, terbuthylazine and their mixtures were tested in a novel multicompartment non-forced exposure system. Furthermore, the effects of both pesticides and their mixtures on the swimming behavior and the neurotransmission activity of D. magna were analyzed using a traditional forced exposure system. The synthesis and concentration of the main environmental metabolites of terbuthylazine were also analyzed. Results confirmed that D. magna exposed to mixture gradients were able to detect the pollutants and their colonization dynamics were drastically inhibited. The swimming behavior increased in D. magna exposed to the highest concentration of the mixture treatment. AChE activity was only significantly inhibited in the D. magna exposed to the highest concentration of chlorpyrifos. Changes in swimming behavior could not be directly related to the effects on AChE. Furthermore, the synthesis of the metabolite terbuthylazine 2-hydroxy during the course of the experiments was confirmed. These results demonstrate the importance of integrating pesticide mixtures in both non-forced and forced exposure systems during ecotoxicological assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Vera-Herrera
- Food and Environmental Safety Research Group of the University of Valencia (SAMA-UV), Desertification Research Centre (CIDE), CSIC-UV-GV, Moncada-Naquera Road, Km 4.5, 46113, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Cristiano V M Araújo
- Department of Ecology and Coastal Management, Institute of Marine Sciences of Andalusia (ICMAN - CSIC), Puerto Real, Cádiz, 11510, Spain.
| | - Andrea Cordero-de-Castro
- Department of Ecology and Coastal Management, Institute of Marine Sciences of Andalusia (ICMAN - CSIC), Puerto Real, Cádiz, 11510, Spain.
| | - Julián Blasco
- Department of Ecology and Coastal Management, Institute of Marine Sciences of Andalusia (ICMAN - CSIC), Puerto Real, Cádiz, 11510, Spain.
| | - Yolanda Picó
- Food and Environmental Safety Research Group of the University of Valencia (SAMA-UV), Desertification Research Centre (CIDE), CSIC-UV-GV, Moncada-Naquera Road, Km 4.5, 46113, Valencia, Spain.
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Bruckmann FS, Schnorr C, Oviedo LR, Knani S, Silva LFO, Silva WL, Dotto GL, Bohn Rhoden CR. Adsorption and Photocatalytic Degradation of Pesticides into Nanocomposites: A Review. Molecules 2022; 27:6261. [PMID: 36234798 PMCID: PMC9572628 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The extensive use of pesticides in agriculture has significantly impacted the environment and human health, as these pollutants are inadequately disposed of into water bodies. In addition, pesticides can cause adverse effects on humans and aquatic animals due to their incomplete removal from the aqueous medium by conventional wastewater treatments. Therefore, processes such as heterogeneous photocatalysis and adsorption by nanocomposites have received special attention in the scientific community due to their unique properties and ability to degrade and remove several organic pollutants, including pesticides. This report reviews the use of nanocomposites in pesticide adsorption and photocatalytic degradation from aqueous solutions. A bibliographic search was performed using the ScienceDirect, American Chemical Society (ACS), and Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) indexes, using Boolean logic and the following descriptors: "pesticide degradation" AND "photocatalysis" AND "nanocomposites"; "nanocomposites" AND "pesticides" AND "adsorption". The search was limited to research article documents in the last ten years (from January 2012 to June 2022). The results made it possible to verify that the most dangerous pesticides are not the most commonly degraded/removed from wastewater. At the same time, the potential of the supported nanocatalysts and nanoadsorbents in the decontamination of wastewater-containing pesticides is confirmed once they present reduced bandgap energy, which occurs over a wide range of wavelengths. Moreover, due to the great affinity of the supported nanocatalysts with pesticides, better charge separation, high removal, and degradation values are reported for these organic compounds. Thus, the class of the nanocomposites investigated in this work, magnetic or not, can be characterized as suitable nanomaterials with potential and unique properties useful in heterogeneous photocatalysts and the adsorption of pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franciele S. Bruckmann
- Laboratório de Materiais Magnéticos Nanoestruturados, LaMMaN, Universidade Franciscana-UFN, Santa Maria 97010-032, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nanociências, Universidade Franciscana-UFN, Santa Maria 97010-032, RS, Brazil
| | - Carlos Schnorr
- Department of Civil and Environmental, Universidad de la Costa, CUC, Calle 58 # 55–66, Barranquilla 080002, Atlántico, Colombia
| | - Leandro R. Oviedo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nanociências, Universidade Franciscana-UFN, Santa Maria 97010-032, RS, Brazil
| | - Salah Knani
- College of Science, Northern Border University, Arar 91431, Saudi Arabia
- Laboratory of Quantum and Statistical Physics, Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir 5079, Tunisia
| | - Luis F. O. Silva
- Department of Civil and Environmental, Universidad de la Costa, CUC, Calle 58 # 55–66, Barranquilla 080002, Atlántico, Colombia
| | - William L. Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nanociências, Universidade Franciscana-UFN, Santa Maria 97010-032, RS, Brazil
| | - Guilherme L. Dotto
- Research Group on Adsorptive and Catalytic Process Engineering (ENGEPAC), Department of Chemical Enginnering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristiano R. Bohn Rhoden
- Laboratório de Materiais Magnéticos Nanoestruturados, LaMMaN, Universidade Franciscana-UFN, Santa Maria 97010-032, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nanociências, Universidade Franciscana-UFN, Santa Maria 97010-032, RS, Brazil
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Jiang J, He B, Wei Y, Cui J, Zhang Q, Liu X, Liu D, Wang P, Zhou Z. The toxic effects of combined exposure of chlorpyrifos and p, p'-DDE to zebrafish (Danio rerio) and tissue bioaccumulation. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 248:106194. [PMID: 35623197 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are widely used and frequently detected in the environment. The evaluation on the toxic effects of the co-exposure of two or more pesticides or related metabolites could reflect the real situation of the exposing risks. In this study, zebrafish was used as a model to investigate the potential toxic interactions of chlorpyrifos and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (p,p'-DDE) on the survival rate, oxidative stress response and neurotoxicity, as well as their bioaccumulation and distribution in tissues. Co-exposure of chlorpyrifos and p,p'-DDE resulted in significant additive acute toxic effects on adult zebrafish with model deviation ratio (MDR) = 1.64. Both 7-day short-term at 1% LC50 and 35-day long-term at 0.5% LC50 co-exposure of chlorpyrifos with p,p'-DDE (50 and 100 µg/L) significantly reduced the survival rate of zebrafish colony to 75 and 82.5%. Co-exposure of chlorpyrifos and p,p'-DDE contributed to increased activity of antioxidant enzyme CAT, SOD and GST and excessive MDA generation, and decreased activity of CarE, CYP450 and AChE, compared with either single exposure of them. In co-exposure, the bioaccumulation of chlorpyrifos and p,p'-DDE was significantly different from the single exposure group. Overall, this study unraveled the potential toxic interaction of chlorpyrifos and p,p'-DDE on zebrafish and provided reference for environmental risk assessment of pesticide mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangong Jiang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Bingying He
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yimu Wei
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Jingna Cui
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xueke Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Donghui Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Peng Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
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Reinwald H, Alvincz J, Salinas G, Schäfers C, Hollert H, Eilebrecht S. Toxicogenomic profiling after sublethal exposure to nerve- and muscle-targeting insecticides reveals cardiac and neuronal developmental effects in zebrafish embryos. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 291:132746. [PMID: 34748799 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
For specific primary modes of action (MoA) in environmental non-target organisms, EU legislation restricts the usage of active substances of pesticides or biocides. Corresponding regulatory hazard assessments are costly, time consuming and require large numbers of non-human animal studies. Currently, predictive toxicology of development compounds relies on their chemical structure and provides little insights into toxicity mechanisms that precede adverse effects. Using the zebrafish embryo model, we characterized transcriptomic responses to a range of sublethal concentrations of six nerve- and muscle-targeting insecticides with different MoA (abamectin, carbaryl, chlorpyrifos, fipronil, imidacloprid & methoxychlor). Our aim was to identify affected biological processes and suitable biomarker candidates for MoA-specific signatures. Abamectin showed the most divergent signature among the tested insecticides, linked to lipid metabolic processes. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) after imidacloprid exposure were primarily associated with immune system and inflammation. In total, 222 early responsive genes to either MoA were identified, many related to three major processes: (1) cardiac muscle cell development and functioning (tcap, desma, bag3, hspb1, hspb8, flnca, myoz3a, mybpc2b, actc2, tnnt2c), (2) oxygen transport and hypoxic stress (alas2, hbbe1.1, hbbe1.3, hbbe2, hbae3, igfbp1a, hif1al) and (3) neuronal development and plasticity (npas4a, egr1, btg2, ier2a, vgf). The thyroidal function related gene dio3b was upregulated by chlorpyrifos and downregulated by higher abamectin concentrations. Important regulatory genes for cardiac muscle (tcap) and forebrain development (npas4a) were the most frequently ifferentially expressed across all insecticide treatments. We consider the identified gene sets as useful early warning biomarker candidates, i.e. for developmental toxicity targeting heart and brain in aquatic vertebrates. Our findings provide a better understanding about early molecular events in response to the analyzed MoA. Perceptively, this promotes the development for sensitive and informative biomarker-based in vitro assays for toxicological MoA prediction and AOP refinement, without the suffering of adult fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Reinwald
- Fraunhofer Attract Eco'n'OMICs, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Schmallenberg, Germany; Department Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Faculty Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Julia Alvincz
- Fraunhofer Attract Eco'n'OMICs, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Schmallenberg, Germany
| | - Gabriela Salinas
- NGS-Services for Integrative Genomics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Schäfers
- Department of Ecotoxicology, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Schmallenberg, Germany
| | - Henner Hollert
- Department Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Faculty Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sebastian Eilebrecht
- Fraunhofer Attract Eco'n'OMICs, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Schmallenberg, Germany.
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11
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Qadeer A, Kirsten KL, Ajmal Z, Jiang X, Zhao X. Alternative Plasticizers As Emerging Global Environmental and Health Threat: Another Regrettable Substitution? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:1482-1488. [PMID: 34995444 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c08365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Qadeer
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Kelly L Kirsten
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 8001, South Africa
| | - Zeeshan Ajmal
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Xingru Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
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12
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Hoffmann S, Marigliani B, Akgün-Ölmez SG, Ireland D, Cruz R, Busquet F, Flick B, Lalu M, Ghandakly EC, de Vries RBM, Witters H, Wright RA, Ölmez M, Willett C, Hartung T, Stephens ML, Tsaioun K. A Systematic Review to Compare Chemical Hazard Predictions of the Zebrafish Embryotoxicity Test With Mammalian Prenatal Developmental Toxicity. Toxicol Sci 2021; 183:14-35. [PMID: 34109416 PMCID: PMC8404989 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfab072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Originally developed to inform the acute toxicity of chemicals on fish, the zebrafish embryotoxicity test (ZET) has also been proposed for assessing the prenatal developmental toxicity of chemicals, potentially replacing mammalian studies. Although extensively evaluated in primary studies, a comprehensive review summarizing the available evidence for the ZET's capacity is lacking. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review of how well the presence or absence of exposure-related findings in the ZET predicts prenatal development toxicity in studies with rats and rabbits. A two-tiered systematic review of the developmental toxicity literature was performed, a review of the ZET literature was followed by one of the mammalian literature. Data were extracted using DistillerSR, and study validity was assessed with an amended SYRCLE's risk-of-bias tool. Extracted data were analyzed for each species and substance, which provided the basis for comparing the 2 test methods. Although limited by the number of 24 included chemicals, our results suggest that the ZET has potential to identify chemicals that are mammalian prenatal developmental toxicants, with a tendency for overprediction. Furthermore, our analysis confirmed the need for further standardization of the ZET. In addition, we identified contextual and methodological challenges in the application of systematic review approaches to toxicological questions. One key to overcoming these challenges is a transition to more comprehensive and transparent planning, conduct and reporting of toxicological studies. The first step toward bringing about this change is to create broad awareness in the toxicological community of the need for and benefits of more evidence-based approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Hoffmann
- Evidence-Based Toxicology Collaboration (EBTC), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
- seh consulting + services, 33106 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Bianca Marigliani
- Department of Science and Technology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São José dos Campos, 12231-280 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sevcan Gül Akgün-Ölmez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul, 34722, Turkey
| | - Danielle Ireland
- Department of Biology, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, Pennsylvania 19081, USA
| | - Rebecca Cruz
- Laboratory of Dental Clinical Research, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, 20520-040 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Burkhard Flick
- Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, BASF SE, 67063 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Manoj Lalu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, K1H 8L6 Ontario, Canada
| | - Elizabeth C Ghandakly
- Berman Institute of Bioethics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Rob B M de Vries
- Evidence-Based Toxicology Collaboration (EBTC), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
- Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Experimentation (SYRCLE), Department for Health Evidence, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboudumc, 6500HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Robert A Wright
- William H. Welch Medical Library, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Metin Ölmez
- Umraniye Family Health Center (No. 44), Turkish Ministry of Health, 34760 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Catherine Willett
- Humane Society International, Washington, 20037 District of Columbia, USA
| | - Thomas Hartung
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Martin L Stephens
- Evidence-Based Toxicology Collaboration (EBTC), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Katya Tsaioun
- Evidence-Based Toxicology Collaboration (EBTC), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
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13
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Mit C, Tebby C, Gueganno T, Bado-Nilles A, Beaudouin R. Modeling acetylcholine esterase inhibition resulting from exposure to a mixture of atrazine and chlorpyrifos using a physiologically-based kinetic model in fish. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 773:144734. [PMID: 33582354 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic organisms are exposed to mixtures of chemicals that may interact. Mixtures of atrazine (ATR) and chlorpyrifos (CPF) may elicit synergic effects on the permanent inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in certain aquatic organisms, causing severe damage. Mechanistic mathematical models of toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics (TD) may be used to better characterize and understand the interactions of these two chemicals. In this study, a previously published generic physiologically-based toxicokinetic (PBTK) model for fish was adapted to ATR and CPF. A sub-model of the kinetics of one of the main metabolites of CPF, chlorpyrifos-oxon (CPF-oxon), was included, as well as a TD model. Inhibition of two esterases, AChE and carboxylesterase, by ATR, CPF and CPF-oxon, was modeled using TD modeling of quantities of total and inactive esterases. Specific attention was given to the parameterization and calibration of the model to accurately predict the concentration and effects observed in the fish using Bayesian inference and published data from fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas), zebrafish (Danio rerio) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). A PBTK-TD for mixtures was used to predict dose-response relationships for comparison with available adult fish data. Synergistic effects of a joint exposure to ATR and CPF could not be demonstrated in adult fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corentin Mit
- Unité METO (Modèles pour l'Ecotoxicologie et la Toxicologie), INERIS, 60550 Verneuil en Halatte, France; INERIS, UMR-I 02 SEBIO, Parc ALATA, BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France; Unité ECOT (Ecotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo), INERIS, Parc ALATA, BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Cleo Tebby
- Unité METO (Modèles pour l'Ecotoxicologie et la Toxicologie), INERIS, 60550 Verneuil en Halatte, France
| | - Tristan Gueganno
- Unité METO (Modèles pour l'Ecotoxicologie et la Toxicologie), INERIS, 60550 Verneuil en Halatte, France
| | - Anne Bado-Nilles
- INERIS, UMR-I 02 SEBIO, Parc ALATA, BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France; Unité ECOT (Ecotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo), INERIS, Parc ALATA, BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Rémy Beaudouin
- Unité METO (Modèles pour l'Ecotoxicologie et la Toxicologie), INERIS, 60550 Verneuil en Halatte, France; INERIS, UMR-I 02 SEBIO, Parc ALATA, BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France.
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14
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Forner-Piquer I, Klement W, Gangarossa G, Zub E, de Bock F, Blaquiere M, Maurice T, Audinat E, Faucherre A, Lasserre F, Ellero-Simatos S, Gamet-Payrastre L, Jopling C, Marchi N. Varying modalities of perinatal exposure to a pesticide cocktail elicit neurological adaptations in mice and zebrafish. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 278:116755. [PMID: 33725534 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological indications connect maternal and developmental presence or exposure to pesticides with an increased risk for a spectrum of neurological trajectories. To provide pre-clinical data in support of this hypothesis, we used two distinct experimental models. First, female and male mice were fed immediately prior to mating, and the resulting pregnant dams were continously fed during gestation and lactation periods using chow pellets containing a cocktail of six pesticides at tolerable daily intake levels. Male and female offspring were then tracked for behavioral and in vivo electrophysiological adaptations. Second, a zebrafish model allowed us to screen toxicity and motor-behavior outcomes specifically associated with the developmental exposure to a low-to-high concentration range of the cocktail and of each individual pesticide. Here, we report anxiety-like behavior in aging male mice maternally exposed to the cocktail, as compared to age and gender matched sham animals. In parallel, in vivo electrocorticography revealed a decrease in gamma (40-80 Hz) and an increase of theta (6-9 Hz) waves, delineating a long-term, age-dependent, neuronal slowing. Neurological changes were not accompanied by brain structural malformations. Next, by using zebrafish larvae, we showed an increase of all motor-behavioral parameters resulting from the developmental exposure to 10 μg/L of pesticide cocktail, an outcome that was not associated with midbrain structural or neurovascular modifications as assessed by in vivo 2-photon microscopy. When screening each pesticide, chlorpyrifos elicited modifications of swimming parameters at 0.1 μg/L, while other components provoked changes from 0.5 μg/L. Ziram was the single most toxic component inducing developmental malformations and mortality at 10 μg/L. Although we have employed non-equivalent modalities and timing of exposure in two dissimilar experimental models, these outcomes indicate that presence of a pesticide cocktail during perinatal periods represents an element promoting behavioral and neurophysiological modifications. The study limitations and the possible pertinence of our findings to ecotoxicology and public health are critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Forner-Piquer
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Wendy Klement
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Emma Zub
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Frederic de Bock
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Marine Blaquiere
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Tangui Maurice
- MMDN, University of Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, UMR_S1198, Montpellier, France
| | - Etienne Audinat
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Adèle Faucherre
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Frederic Lasserre
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31300, Toulouse, France
| | - Sandrine Ellero-Simatos
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31300, Toulouse, France
| | - Laurence Gamet-Payrastre
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31300, Toulouse, France
| | - Chris Jopling
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicola Marchi
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France.
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15
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Ogungbemi AO, Massei R, Altenburger R, Scholz S, Küster E. Assessing Combined Effects for Mixtures of Similar and Dissimilar Acting Neuroactive Substances on Zebrafish Embryo Movement. TOXICS 2021; 9:104. [PMID: 34066629 PMCID: PMC8148591 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9050104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Risk assessment of chemicals is usually conducted for individual chemicals whereas mixtures of chemicals occur in the environment. Considering that neuroactive chemicals are a group of contaminants that dominate the environment, it is then imperative to understand the combined effects of mixtures. The commonly used models to predict mixture effects, namely concentration addition (CA) and independent action (IA), are thought to be suitable for mixtures of similarly or dissimilarly acting components, respectively. For mixture toxicity prediction, one important challenge is to clarify whether to group neuroactive substances based on similar mechanisms of action, e.g., same molecular target or rather similar toxicological response, e.g., hyper- or hypoactivity (effect direction). We addressed this by using the spontaneous tail coiling (STC) of zebrafish embryos, which represents the earliest observable motor activity in the developing neural network, as a model to elucidate the link between the mechanism of action and toxicological response. Our objective was to answer the following two questions: (1) Can the mixture models CA or IA be used to predict combined effects for neuroactive chemical mixtures when the components share a similar mode of action (i.e., hyper- or hypoactivity) but show different mechanism of action? (2) Will a mixture of chemicals where the components show opposing effect directions result in an antagonistic combined effect? Results indicate that mixture toxicity of chemicals such as propafenone and abamectin as well as chlorpyrifos and hexaconazole that are known to show different mechanisms of action but similar effect directions were predictable using CA and IA models. This could be interpreted with the convergence of effects on the neural level leading to either a collective activation or inhibition of synapses. We also found antagonistic effects for mixtures containing substances with opposing effect direction. Finally, we discuss how the STC may be used to amend risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afolarin O. Ogungbemi
- Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, UFZ—Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (R.A.); (S.S.); (E.K.)
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Riccardo Massei
- Department of Effect-Directed Analysis, UFZ—Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Rolf Altenburger
- Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, UFZ—Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (R.A.); (S.S.); (E.K.)
| | - Stefan Scholz
- Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, UFZ—Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (R.A.); (S.S.); (E.K.)
| | - Eberhard Küster
- Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, UFZ—Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (R.A.); (S.S.); (E.K.)
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16
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Yang G, Lv L, Di S, Li X, Weng H, Wang X, Wang Y. Combined toxic impacts of thiamethoxam and four pesticides on the rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:5407-5416. [PMID: 32965645 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10883-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To examine pesticide mixture toxicity to aqueous organisms, we assessed the single and combined toxicities of thiamethoxam and other four pesticides (chlorpyrifos, beta-cypermethrin, tetraconazole, and azoxystrobin) to the rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus). Data from 96-h semi-static toxicity assays of various developmental phases (embryonic, larval, juvenile, and adult phases) showed that beta-cypermethrin, chlorpyrifos, and azoxystrobin had the highest toxicities to G. rarus, and their LC50 values ranged from 0.0031 to 0.86 mg a.i. L-1, from 0.016 to 6.38 mg a.i. L-1, and from 0.39 to 1.08 mg a.i. L-1, respectively. Tetraconazole displayed a comparatively high toxicity, and its LC50 values ranged from 3.48 to 16.73 mg a.i. L-1. By contrast, thiamethoxam exhibited the lowest toxic effect with LC50 values ranging from 37.85 to 351.9 mg a.i. L-1. Rare minnow larvae were more sensitive than embryos to all the pesticides tested. Our data showed that a pesticide mixture of thiamethoxam-tetraconazole elicited synergetic toxicity to G. rarus. Moreover, pesticide mixtures containing beta-cypermethrin in combination with chlorpyrifos or tetraconazole also had synergetic toxicities to fish. The majority of pesticides are presumed to have additive toxicity, while our data emphasized that the concurrent existence of some chemicals in the aqueous circumstance could cause synergetic toxic effect, leading to severe loss to the aqueous environments in comparison with their single toxicities. Thence, the synergetic impacts of chemical mixtures should be considered when assessing the ecological risk of chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiling Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang, 310021, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu Lv
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang, 310021, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Di
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang, 310021, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinfang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang, 310021, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongbiao Weng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang, 310021, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinquan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang, 310021, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang, 310021, Hangzhou, China.
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17
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Abstract
Fish embryo toxicity (FET) test using zebrafish (Danio rerio) has been established as an alternative assay to animal experimentation. The FET assay enables the assessment of multiple morphological endpoints during the development of zebrafish early life stages, showing high impact to the field of ecotoxicology on risk assessment of chemicals and pollutants. Moreover, it is also applied to screening drug-induced toxicity and human diseases, due to the high genetic and physiological orthology between zebrafish and humans. Here, we describe FET test, with all steps and several adaptations involved in the methodological procedures. To demonstrate the efficiency of this method, results using the reference substance 3,4-dichloroaniline (DCA) were included to demonstrate sublethal and teratogenic malformations on zebrafish embryos. Thus, there is a strong tendency for using FET tests as a replacement strategy of traditional tests in toxicology and ecotoxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Renata Abe
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos Gravato
- Faculdade de Ciências & CESAM, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Danielle Palma de Oliveira
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
- National Institute for Alternative Technologies ofremoval of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM), Unesp, Institute of Chemistry, Araraquara, Brazil.
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18
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Li X, Mao L, Zhang Y, Wang X, Wang Y, Wu X. Joint toxic impacts of cadmium and three pesticides on embryonic development of rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:36596-36604. [PMID: 32564324 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09769-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Although rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) has been employed in many toxicological investigations, most of them have only assessed the impacts of single chemical. In our current work, we investigated the single and joint toxic impacts of heavy metal cadmium (Cd) and three pesticides (thiamethoxam, bifenthrin, and tebuconazole) on G. rarus embryos. Results from the 96-h semi-static toxicity assay exhibited that bifenthrin possessed the highest intrinsic toxic effect on rare minnows with an LC50 value of 1.86 mg L-1, followed by tebuconazole with LC50 values of 4.07 mg L-1. Contrarily, thiamethoxam elicited the least toxic effect with an LC50 value of 351.9 mg L-1. Seven chemical mixtures (four binary mixtures of Cd-bifenthrin, thiamethoxam-bifenthrin, thiamethoxam-tebuconazole, and bifenthrin-tebuconazole, two ternary mixtures of Cd-thiamethoxam-tebuconazole and thiamethoxam-bifenthrin-tebuconazole, and one quaternary mixture of Cd-thiamethoxam-bifenthrin-tebuconazole) displayed synergistic impacts with equivalent concentration and equitoxic ratio on G. rarus. Our results offered valuable insights into ecological risk assessment of these chemical combinations to aquatic vertebrates. The simultaneous existence of a few chemicals in the aquatic ecosystem might result in elevated toxicity, leading to severe harm to the non-target organisms compared with single compound. The observed synergistic interactions underlined the necessity to revise water quality standards, in which the detrimental joint effects of these chemicals are likely to be underestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinfang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products/Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture/Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang, 310021, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liangang Mao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yanning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xinquan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products/Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture/Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang, 310021, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products/Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture/Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang, 310021, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Xiaohu Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
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19
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Huang X, Cui H, Duan W. Ecotoxicity of chlorpyrifos to aquatic organisms: A review. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 200:110731. [PMID: 32450436 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides play an important role in promoting agricultural development, while their unreasonable use has led to environmental problems. Chlorpyrifos (CPF), a typical organophosphate pesticide, is used globally as an insecticide in agriculture. The extensive application of CPF has resulted in water contamination, and CPF has been detected in rivers, lakes, seawater, and even in rain. In the present review, CPF was selected due to its extensive use in agriculture and higher detection rate in surface waters. In this review we summarised the evidence related to CPF pollution and focused on discussing the ecotoxicity of CPF to aquatic systems and revealed the mechanism of action of CPF. The aim of this literature review was to summarise the knowledge of the toxicity to marine and freshwater organisms of CPF as well as try to select a series of sensitive biomarkers, which are suitable for ecotoxicological assessment and environmental monitoring in aquatic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Huang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Hongwu Cui
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Weiyan Duan
- Ocean College of Hebei Agricultural University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province, PR China.
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20
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Bókony V, Verebélyi V, Ujhegyi N, Mikó Z, Nemesházi E, Szederkényi M, Orf S, Vitányi E, Móricz ÁM. Effects of two little-studied environmental pollutants on early development in anurans. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 260:114078. [PMID: 32041031 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite intensive ecotoxicological research, we still know relatively little about the ecological impacts of many environmental contaminants. Filling these knowledge gaps is particularly important regarding amphibians, because they play significant roles in freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems, and their populations are declining worldwide. In this study, we investigated two pollutants that have been poorly studied in ecotoxicology despite their widespread occurrence in surface waters: the herbicide terbuthylazine and the pharmaceutical drug carbamazepine. We exposed two anuran species throughout their larval development to each of two environmentally relevant concentrations of each pollutant, and recorded mortality and 17 sub-lethal endpoints up to several months after exposure. Mortality was low and unrelated to treatment. In agile frogs (Rana dalmatina), we found that treatment with 0.3 μg/L terbuthylazine decreased tadpole activity and reduced fat bodies in juveniles, whereas treatment with 50 μg/L carbamazepine decreased spleen size and increased spleen pigmentation. In common toads (Bufo bufo), treatment with 0.003 μg/L terbuthylazine increased body mass at metamorphosis, treatment with 0.3 μg/L terbuthylazine increased the size of optic tecta, and treatment with 0.5 μg/L carbamazepine decreased hypothalamus size. Treatment with 50 μg/L carbamazepine reduced the feeding activity of toad tadpoles, decreased their production of anti-predatory bufadienolide toxins, and increased their body mass at metamorphosis; juvenile toads in this treatment group had reduced spleen pigmentation. Neither treatments affected the time to metamorphosis, post-metamorphic body mass, or sex ratios significantly. These results show that environmental levels of both terbuthylazine and carbamazepine can have several sub-lethal effects on anurans, which may be detrimental to individual fitness and population persistence in natural conditions. Our findings further highlight that toxic effects cannot be generalized between chemicals of similar structure, because the terbuthylazine effects we found do not conform with previously reported effects of atrazine, a related and extensively studied herbicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Bókony
- Lendület Evolutionary Ecology Research Group, Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Herman Ottó út 15, 1022 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Viktória Verebélyi
- Lendület Evolutionary Ecology Research Group, Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Herman Ottó út 15, 1022 Budapest, Hungary; Institute for Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Rottenbiller u. 50, 1077 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nikolett Ujhegyi
- Lendület Evolutionary Ecology Research Group, Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Herman Ottó út 15, 1022 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsanett Mikó
- Lendület Evolutionary Ecology Research Group, Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Herman Ottó út 15, 1022 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Edina Nemesházi
- Lendület Evolutionary Ecology Research Group, Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Herman Ottó út 15, 1022 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Márk Szederkényi
- Lendület Evolutionary Ecology Research Group, Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Herman Ottó út 15, 1022 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Stephanie Orf
- Behavioural Ecology Group, Institute of Biology, Department of Systematic Zoology and Ecology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/c, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Evelin Vitányi
- Institue for Environmental Engineering, Szent István University, Páter Károly u. 1, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Ágnes M Móricz
- Department of Pathophysiology, Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Herman Ottó út 15, 1022 Budapest, Hungary
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21
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Gonçalves ÍFS, Souza TM, Vieira LR, Marchi FC, Nascimento AP, Farias DF. Toxicity testing of pesticides in zebrafish-a systematic review on chemicals and associated toxicological endpoints. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:10185-10204. [PMID: 32062774 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-07902-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The use of zebrafish (Danio rerio) has arisen as a promising biological platform for toxicity testing of pesticides such as herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides. Therefore, it is relevant to assess the use of zebrafish in models of exposure to investigate the diversity of pesticide-associated toxicity endpoints which have been reported. Thus, this review aimed to assess the recent literature on the use of zebrafish in pesticide toxicity studies to capture data on the types of pesticide used, classes of pesticides, and zebrafish life stages associated with toxicity endpoints and phenotypic observations. A total of 352 articles published between September 2012 and May 2019 were curated. The results show an increased trend in the use of zebrafish for testing the toxicity of pesticides, with a great diversity of pesticides (203) and chemical classes (58) with different applications (41) being used. Furthermore, experimental outcomes could be clustered in 13 toxicity endpoints, mainly developmental toxicity, oxidative stress, and neurotoxicity. Organophosphorus, pyrethroid, azole, and triazine were the most studied classes of pesticides and associated with various toxicity endpoints. Studies frequently opted for early life stages (embryos and larvae). Although there is an evident lack of standardization of nomenclatures and phenotypic alterations, the information gathered here highlights associations between (classes of) pesticides and endpoints, which can be used to relate mechanisms of action specific to certain classes of chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Íris Flávia Sousa Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Novel Technologies, Department of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraiba, Campus I, CEP, João Pessoa, 58051-900, Brazil
- Post-Graduation Program in Biochemistry, Federal University of Ceara, Campus Pici, CEP, Fortaleza, 60440-900, Brazil
| | - Terezinha Maria Souza
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6229 ER, The Netherlands.
| | - Leonardo Rogério Vieira
- Post-Graduation Program in Biochemistry, Federal University of Ceara, Campus Pici, CEP, Fortaleza, 60440-900, Brazil
| | - Filipi Calbaizer Marchi
- Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Novel Technologies, Department of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraiba, Campus I, CEP, João Pessoa, 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Adailton Pascoal Nascimento
- Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Novel Technologies, Department of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraiba, Campus I, CEP, João Pessoa, 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Davi Felipe Farias
- Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Novel Technologies, Department of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraiba, Campus I, CEP, João Pessoa, 58051-900, Brazil.
- Post-Graduation Program in Biochemistry, Federal University of Ceara, Campus Pici, CEP, Fortaleza, 60440-900, Brazil.
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22
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Abutaha N, Al-Mekhlafi FA, Farooq M. Target and Nontarget Toxicity of Cassia fistula Fruit Extract Against Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae), Lung Cells (BEAS-2B) and Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryos. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 57:493-502. [PMID: 31691818 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjz174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mosquitoes transmit serious diseases, which threaten humans and severely affect livestock. The half-lethal concentration (LC50) was calculated by log probit analysis. The LC50 and LC90 values of larvicidal activity of Cassia fistula Linn. hexane-methanol soluble fraction (HMSF) after 24 h of exposure were 21.04 and 34.68 µg/ml, respectively. The LC50 values after 24 h of exposure were 84.09 µg/ml and 108.08 µg/ml for chloroform-methanol soluble fraction (CMSF) and ethyl acetate-methanol soluble fraction (EMSF) respectively. The percent hatchability of eggs exposed to the hexane extract was 90 ± 5.0, 68.33 ± 7.6, 46.6 ± 11.5, 10 ± 0.0, and 0 ± 0.0% at 10, 20, 40, 60, and 80 ppm, respectively. The pupicidal activity of the hexane extract at 40 µg/ml was 0.0%. The LC50 value of adulticidal activity of the hexane extract was 12.8 mg/test tube. The biosafety of the hexane extract was assessed in nontarget organisms, i.e., zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos and normal lung cells (BEAS-2B). The hexane extract of C. fistula was well tolerated by zebrafish embryos, and no mortality or toxicity was found in the embryos exposed to the highest tested concentration of 300 µg/ml. Similarly, all the concentrations tested against the normal lung cells (BEAS-2B) showed more than 95% survival. The gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy analysis identified 12 compounds, and 2-methyl hexanoic acid and 2-methyl butanoic acid were the major compounds identified in the hexane extract. The larvicidal activity of C. fistula extracts will help in the development of natural substitutes for vector management of mosquito populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nael Abutaha
- Bioproducts Research Chair, Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahd A Al-Mekhlafi
- Bioproducts Research Chair, Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Bioproducts Research Chair, Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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23
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Volz SN, Hausen J, Smith K, Ottermanns R, Schaeffer A, Schiwy S, Hollert H. Do you smell the danger? Effects of three commonly used pesticides on the olfactory-mediated antipredator response of zebrafish (Danio rerio). CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 241:124963. [PMID: 31604193 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fish are warned about the presence of predators via an alarm cue released from the skin of injured conspecifics. The detection of this odor inherently initiates an antipredator response, which increases the chance of survival for the individual. In the present study, we assessed the effect of three commonly used pesticides on the antipredator response of zebrafish (Danio rerio). For this, we analyzed the behavioral response of zebrafish to a conspecific skin extract following 24 h of exposure to the respective contaminants. Results demonstrate that fish exposed to 20 μg/L of the organophosphate insecticide chlorpyrifos significantly reduced bottom-dwelling and freezing behavior, suggesting an impairment of the antipredator response. For the urea-herbicide linuron and the pyrethroid insecticide permethrin, no statistically significant effects could be detected. However, linuron-exposed fish appeared to respond in an altered manner to the skin extract; some individuals failed to perform the inherent behaviors such as erratic movements and instead merely increased their velocity. Furthermore, we determined whether zebrafish would avoid the pesticides in a choice maze. While fish avoided permethrin, they behaved indifferently to chlorpyrifos and linuron. The study demonstrates that pesticides may alter the olfactory-mediated antipredator response of zebrafish in distinct ways, revealing that particularly fish exposed to chlorpyrifos may be more prone to predation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina N Volz
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Jonas Hausen
- Core Unit for Bioinformatics Data Analysis, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kilian Smith
- Chair of Environmental Biology and Chemodynamics, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Richard Ottermanns
- Chair of Environmental Biology and Chemodynamics, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Andreas Schaeffer
- Chair of Environmental Biology and Chemodynamics, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Sabrina Schiwy
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany; Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Henner Hollert
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany; Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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24
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Gaaied S, Oliveira M, Domingues I, Banni M. 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid herbicide effects on zebrafish larvae: development, neurotransmission and behavior as sensitive endpoints. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:3686-3696. [PMID: 30778938 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04488-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Assessment of pesticides toxicity using zebrafish early life stages is relevant for aquatic systems safety. This study aimed to evaluate the short-term effects of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) on zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos from 3 h post fertilization to 96 hpf. A set of 2,4-D concentrations ranging from 0.32 to 80 mg/L were tested and median lethal concentration (LC50) at 96-h was calculated as 2.86 mg/L. A sub-teratogenic concentrations range from 0.02 to 0.8 mg/L was then used to assess effects at ontogenic, biochemical, and behavioral levels. The main developmental defects were tail deformities and pericardial edema at concentrations equal or above 0.32 mg/L. Cholinesterase activity (at 96 hpf) and larvae swimming behavior (at 120 hpf) were affected even at the lowest tested dose (0.02 mg/L). The behavior analysis was a sensitive endpoint, with a decrease in the swimming distance of exposed larvae during light period. The effect of 2,4-D in ChE was translated by an inhibition of the enzyme activity in all treated groups. These findings demonstrate that 2,4-D can alter the cholinergic system by affecting ChE activity which may be involved in the locomotion reduction of exposed larvae and emphasize the potential of neurotransmission and behavioral endpoints as early warning signs of herbicides contamination in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Gaaied
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology, ISA, Chott-Mariem, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Miguel Oliveira
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Inês Domingues
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Mohamed Banni
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology, ISA, Chott-Mariem, Sousse, Tunisia.
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25
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Park S, Lee JY, Park H, Song G, Lim W. Bifenthrin induces developmental immunotoxicity and vascular malformation during zebrafish embryogenesis. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 228:108671. [PMID: 31734314 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2019.108671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bifenthrin is a synthesized pyrethroid insecticide which is frequently used in the farmland to eradicate insects. Bifenthrin mainly disrupts sodium ion channel inducing neurotoxicity in the target insects. It also exerts toxic effects such as hormone dysregulation, hepatotoxicity and immunotoxicity in other vertebrates. However, there is no evidence of the acute-toxicity associated embryogenesis and organogenesis of bifenthrin in zebrafish. Here we first demonstrated that bifenthrin induced acute-toxicity accompanying inflammatory response and physiological degradations resulting in loss of embryogenesis and vascular development in zebrafish embryos. We found that bifenthrin increased intestinal ROS accumulation and the inflammatory genes including tnfa, il6, il8 and ptgs2b, thereby increasing embryo mortality. Moreover, bifenthrin disrupted angiogenesis by down-regulation of VEGF receptors in embryos. Not only in the zebrafish, bifenthrin also decreased cell viability and hampered vascular formation of HUVECs. Collectively, bifenthrin induced developmental toxicity, inflammatory cell death and anti-angiogenesis during embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunwoo Park
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Young Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Hahyun Park
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwonhwa Song
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Whasun Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea.
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26
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Jijie R, Solcan G, Nicoara M, Micu D, Strungaru SA. Antagonistic effects in zebrafish (Danio rerio) behavior and oxidative stress induced by toxic metals and deltamethrin acute exposure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 698:134299. [PMID: 31505357 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In natural environments, the aquatic organisms are exposed to complex mixtures of chemicals which may originate from natural sources or from anthropogenic activities. In this context, the aim of the study was to assess the potential effects that might occur when aquatic organisms are simultaneously exposed to multiple chemicals. For that, we have studied the acute effects of cadmium (0.2 μg L-1), nickel (10 μg L-1) and deltamethrin (2 μg L-1) as individual toxicants and as mixture on the behavioral responses, oxidative stress (SOD and GPx), body electrolytes and trace metals profiles of zebrafish (Danio rerio). So far the scientific literature did not report about the combined effects of pesticides and toxic metals on zebrafish behavior using a 3D tracking system. Compared with other studies, in the present paper we investigated the acute effects of two heavy metals associated with a pesticide on zebrafish, in the range of environmentally relevant concentrations. Thus, the environmental concentrations of cadmium and nickel in three rivers affected by urban activities and one river with protected areas as background control were measured. The observations that resulted in our study demonstrated that deltamethrin toxicity was significantly decreased in some of the behavioral variables and oxidative stress when combined with CdNi mixture. Consequently, our study supports previous works concerning the combined toxicity of environmental chemicals since their simultaneous presence in the aqueous environment may lead to higher or lower toxicological effects on biota than those reported from a single pollutant. Therefore, the evaluation of toxic effects of a single contaminant does not offer a realistic estimate of its impact against aqueous ecosystems. This study also supports the idea that the interactions between different chemical compounds which do not exceed the maximum permitted limits in environment may have benefits for aquatic life forms or be more toxic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Jijie
- Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Department of Research, Faculty of Biology, Bd. Carol I, 20A, 700505 Iasi, Romania
| | - Gheorghe Solcan
- University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine "Ion Ionescu de la Brad", Department of Molecular Biology, Histology and Embriology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 8, Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, 700489 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mircea Nicoara
- Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iași, Doctoral School of Geosciences, Faculty of Geography-Geology, B-dul Carol I, 700505 Iasi, Romania; Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Bd. Carol I, 20A, 700505 Iasi, Romania.
| | - Dragos Micu
- Romanian Waters National Authority, Dobrogea - Black Sea Basin Administration, Mircea cel Batran Blvd. 127, RO-900592 Constanta, Romania
| | - Stefan-Adrian Strungaru
- Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Department of Research, Faculty of Biology, Bd. Carol I, 20A, 700505 Iasi, Romania; Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iași, Doctoral School of Geosciences, Faculty of Geography-Geology, B-dul Carol I, 700505 Iasi, Romania.
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27
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Promoting zebrafish embryo tool to identify the effects of chemicals in the context of Water Framework Directive monitoring and assessment. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.104035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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28
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Silva ARR, Cardoso DN, Cruz A, Mendo S, Soares AMVM, Loureiro S. Long-term exposure of Daphnia magna to carbendazim: how it affects toxicity to another chemical or mixture. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:16289-16302. [PMID: 30980366 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05040-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic organisms might be exposed episodically or continuously to chemicals for long-term periods throughout their life span. Pesticides are one example of widely used chemicals and thus represent a potential hazard to aquatic organisms. In addition, these chemicals may be present simultaneously in the environment or as pulses, being difficult to predict accurately how their joint effects will take place. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate how Daphnia magna (clone k6) exposed throughout generations to a model pesticide (the fungicide carbendazim) would react upon an exposure to another chemical compound (triclosan) and to a mixture of both chemicals (carbendazim and triclosan). Responses of daphnids continuously exposed to carbendazim and kept in clean medium will be compared using immobilization tests and the comet assay (DNA integrity). The results showed that triclosan presented similar toxicity to daphnids exposed for 12 generations (F12) to carbendazim (similar 48-h-LC50 values for immobilization data), when compared with daphnids kept in clean medium. However, at subcellular level, daphnids previously exposed to carbendazim for 12 generations (F12) showed different responses than those from clean medium, presenting a higher toxicity; a general higher percentage of DNA damage was observed, after exposure to a range of concentrations of triclosan and to the binary combination of triclosan + carbendazim. The patterns of toxicity observed for the binary mixture triclosan + carbendazim were generally similar for daphnids in clean medium and daphnids exposed to carbendazim, with a dose level deviation with antagonism observed at low doses of the chemical mixture for the immobilization data and a dose ratio deviation with synergism mainly caused by triclosan for DNA damage. With this study, we contributed to the knowledge on long-term induced effects of carbendazim exposure, while looking at the organismal sensitivity to another chemical (triclosan) and to a mixture of carbendazim and triclosan using lethality as an endpoint at the individual level and DNA damage as a subcellular endpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita R Silva
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Diogo N Cardoso
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Andreia Cruz
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sónia Mendo
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Susana Loureiro
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
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29
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Tosi S, Nieh JC. Lethal and sublethal synergistic effects of a new systemic pesticide, flupyradifurone (Sivanto ®), on honeybees. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 286:20190433. [PMID: 30966981 PMCID: PMC6501679 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.0433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The honeybee ( Apis mellifera L.) is an important pollinator and a model for pesticide effects on insect pollinators. The effects of agricultural pesticides on honeybee health have therefore raised concern. Bees can be exposed to multiple pesticides that may interact synergistically, amplifying their side effects. Attention has focused on neonicotinoid pesticides, but flupyradifurone (FPF) is a novel butenolide insecticide that is also systemic and a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist. We therefore tested the lethal and sublethal toxic effects of FPF over different seasons and worker types, and the interaction of FPF with a common SBI fungicide, propiconazole. We provide the first demonstration of adverse synergistic effects on bee survival and behaviour (poor coordination, hyperactivity, apathy) even at FPF field-realistic doses (worst-case scenarios). Pesticide effects were significantly influenced by worker type and season. Foragers were consistently more susceptible to the pesticides (4-fold greater effect) than in-hive bees, and both worker types were more strongly affected by FPF in summer as compared with spring. Because risk assessment (RA) requires relatively limited tests that only marginally address bee behaviour and do not consider the influence of bee age and season, our results raise concerns about the safety of approved pesticides, including FPF. We suggest that pesticide RA also test for common chemical mixture synergies on behaviour and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Tosi
- Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Ecology, Behavior, and Evolution, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Epidemiology Unit, European Union Reference Laboratory (EURL) for Honeybee Health, University Paris Est, ANSES (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety) Animal Health Laboratory, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - J. C. Nieh
- Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Ecology, Behavior, and Evolution, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
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López Aca V, Gonzalez PV, Carriquiriborde P. Lethal and sublethal responses in the fish, Odontesthes bonariensis, exposed to chlorpyrifos alone or under mixtures with endosulfán and lambda-cyhalothrin. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2018; 27:968-979. [PMID: 29744622 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-018-1941-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Need for ecotoxicological information on local species has been recently highlighted as a priority issue in Latin America. In addition, little information has been found on concentration distances between lethal and sublethal effects, and the effect of mixtures at these two levels of analysis. Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is an organophosphate insecticide broadly used in soybean crops which has dramatically expanded in Latin America and other regions of the world. The aim of the present study was to evaluate lethal and sublethal effects of CPF, singly or in mixtures, on the inland "Pejerrey" (Odontesthes bonariensis) under laboratory conditions. Bioassays were performed using 15-30 d post hatch Pejerrey larvae. Six toxicity tests were run for estimating the average inter-assay dose-response curve of CPF and other six for assessing the effects of mixtures of CPF with endosulfan (EN) or lambda-cyhalothrin (LC), at three toxic units (TU) proportions (25:75, 50:50, 75:25). In addition, four assays were performed to describe the average inter-assay dose-response inhibition curve of acetylcholinesterase (AchE) for CPF alone and two for assessing the mixtures. The estimated 96 h-LC50 for CPF was 2.26 ± 1.11 µg/L and the incipiency value was 0.048 ± 0.012 µg/L, placing this Neotropical species among the 13% of worldwide fish more sensitive to CPF. In addition, the 96 h-LC50 for EN and LC were 0.30 ± 0.012 µg/L and 0.043 ± 0.031 µg/L, respectively. Therefore, relative toxicity of the three soybean insecticides for O. bonariensis was LC > EN > CPF. Effects of mixtures with EN and LC were variable, but in general fitted to both, independent action (IA) and concentration addition (CA) models. Slight antagonism was found when CPF TU proportions were above 50%. Therefore, from the regulatory point of view, the use of both mixture models, CA or IA, would be precautionary. Differential sensitivity to CPF was found for AchE inhibition at the head (96 h-IC50 = 0.065 ± 0.058 µg/L) and the body (96 h-IC50 = 0.48 ± 0.17 µg/L). In addition, whereas no significant effects induced by mixtures was observed in body AchE activity, antagonism was induced in head AchE inhibition in presence of both, EN and LC in the mixture. The lethal to sublethal ratio was close to 25.2 and 3.4 when comparing the CPF-LC50 and IC50s for head and body AchE activity, respectively. However, considerable overlapping was observed between concentration-response curves, indicating that the use of AchE as biomarker for environmental monitoring would be limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana López Aca
- Centro de Investigaciones del Medio Ambiente, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de la Plata - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Patricia Verónica Gonzalez
- Centro de Investigaciones del Medio Ambiente, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de la Plata - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pedro Carriquiriborde
- Centro de Investigaciones del Medio Ambiente, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de la Plata - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Silva E, Martins C, Pereira AS, Loureiro S, Cerejeira MJ. Toxicity prediction and assessment of an environmentally realistic pesticide mixture to Daphnia magna and Raphidocelis subcapitata. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2018; 27:956-967. [PMID: 29700712 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-018-1938-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In a regulatory perspective addressing the cumulative effect of co-occurring chemicals is the first and most important step in providing a more realistic hazard assessment of chemical cocktails to both man and environment. This study was conducted to show if joint effects on the immobilisation of the crustacean Daphnia magna and on the growth inhibition of algae Raphidocelis subcapitata follow additivity (concentration addition (CA) or independent action (IA) predictions) or if there is an interaction between chemicals in the organisms upon exposure to an environmentally realistic mixture of chlorpyrifos and terbuthylazine, with expected different molecular sites of action. A pattern of antagonism at lower doses and synergism at higher doses was found for acute immobility data, while no deviation from the additive conceptual models was observed in the algae inhibition test. Results in relation to the relevant set of regulatory acceptable concentrations (RACs) and environmental quality standards (EQSs) derived for individual chlorpyrifos and terbuthylazine were evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Silva
- LEAF, Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - C Martins
- LEAF, Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - A S Pereira
- LEAF, Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - S Loureiro
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M J Cerejeira
- LEAF, Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisboa, Portugal
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Sastre S, Fernández Torija C, Atiénzar Pertusa I, Beltrán EM, Pablos MV, González-Doncel M. Stage-dependent effects of chlorpyrifos on medaka (Oryzias latipes) swimming behavior using a miniaturized swim flume. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 200:37-49. [PMID: 29723761 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
By considering chlorpyrifos (CPF), an organophosphorus pesticide with known mechanisms of action that affect neurobehavioral development, we assessed the validity and sensitivity of a miniaturized swim flume by investigating the effects of the insecticide on swimming behavior in medaka (Oryzias latipes) fish growing stages. Medaka in three developmental periods, namely 0, 20 and 40 day-old post-hatch (i.e. time points 0, 20 and 40, respectively), were exposed to CPF (12.5, 25, 50 and 100 μg/L) for 48 h under semi-static conditions. The CPF half-lives during exposures were evaluated and the swimming patterns in a flume section (arena) were presented on two-dimensional gradient maps of forced movement of fish against water current. A comparative numerical analysis of fish residence times between each time point control and the corresponding CPF groups was performed by dividing arenas into 15 proportional areas. The time point 0 control group gradient map showed a noticeably different swim pattern from those of the ≥12.5 μg CPF/L groups, which was statistically supported by the differences for residence times seen in ≥12 corresponding areas. The control group gradient maps for time points 20 and 40 differed from those of the respective ≥12.5 μg CPF/L groups. The comparative analysis of the residence times in the corresponding 15 areas revealed differences in ≥5 areas for time point 20 and in ≥3 areas for time point 40. The integrative analysis of the gradient maps and the numerical statistics revealed stage-specific effects and a concentration-response relationship between CPF and alterations on forced medaka swimming despite the dissipation of CPF from the water column. These results indicate the validity of the miniaturized swim flume toward a more environmentally realistic scenario for the evaluation of neurodevelopmental and behavioral toxicity in small fish models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Sastre
- Laboratory for Ecotoxicology, Department of the Environment, National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology, A-6, Km. 7.5, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Fernández Torija
- Laboratory for Ecotoxicology, Department of the Environment, National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology, A-6, Km. 7.5, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Atiénzar Pertusa
- Laboratory for Ecotoxicology, Department of the Environment, National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology, A-6, Km. 7.5, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eulalia María Beltrán
- Laboratory for Ecotoxicology, Department of the Environment, National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology, A-6, Km. 7.5, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Victoria Pablos
- Laboratory for Ecotoxicology, Department of the Environment, National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology, A-6, Km. 7.5, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel González-Doncel
- Laboratory for Ecotoxicology, Department of the Environment, National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology, A-6, Km. 7.5, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Wang Y, Dai D, Yu Y, Yang G, Shen W, Wang Q, Weng H, Zhao X. Evaluation of joint effects of cyprodinil and kresoxim-methyl on zebrafish, Danio rerio. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 352:80-91. [PMID: 29574263 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic organisms are usually exposed to a mixture of pesticides instead of individual chemicals. However, risk assessment of pesticides is traditionally based on toxicity data of individual compounds. In this study, we aimed to examine the joint toxicity of two fungicides cyprodinil (CYP) and kresoxim-methyl (KRM) to zebrafish (Danio rerio) using a systematic experimental approach. Results from 96-h semi-static test indicated that the LC50 values of KRM to D. rerio at multiple life stages (embryonic, larval, juvenile and adult stages) ranged from 0.034 (0.015-0.073) to 0.61 (0.39-0.83) mg a.i. L-1, which were higher than those of CYP ranging from 1.05 (0.88-1.52) to 4.42 (3.24-6.02) mg a.i. L-1. Pesticide mixtures of CYP and KRM exhibited synergistic effect on embryonic zebrafish. The activities of carboxylesterase (CarE) and cytochrome P450 (Cyp450) were significantly altered in most of the individual and combined exposures compared with the control group. The expressions of seven genes (Mnsod, cyp17, crhr 2, crh, gnrhr 4, gnrhr 1 and hmgrb) were significantly altered upon exposure to combined pesticides compared with their individual pesticides. Collectively, these findings suggested joint effects should be considered in the risk assessment of pesticides and development of water quality criteria for the protection of aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control/Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture/Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dejiang Dai
- Institute for the Control of Agrochemicals of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310020, China
| | - Yijun Yu
- Administration for Farmland Quality and Fertilizer of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310020, China
| | - Guiling Yang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control/Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture/Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weifeng Shen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control/Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture/Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control/Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture/Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongbiao Weng
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control/Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture/Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xueping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control/Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture/Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China.
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Moura MAM, Oliveira R, Jonsson CM, Domingues I, Soares AMVM, Nogueira AJA. The sugarcane herbicide ametryn induces oxidative stress and developmental abnormalities in zebrafish embryos. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:13416-13425. [PMID: 28702912 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9614-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ametryn (AMT) is one of the most widely used herbicides in tropical sugarcane crops, the main culture of São Paulo State, Brazil. It is known as a diffuse pollutant, being found in surface water and sediment of water bodies adjacent to the crop fields. In the present study, the toxicity of AMT to zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos was evaluated using developmental and biochemical endpoints. At the biochemical level, lactate dehydrogenase responded at the lowest concentration tested (4 μg L-1) indicating a high demand of energy required to cope with the stress condition. Antioxidant enzyme levels were changed at intermediate/high concentrations while oxidative damage (lipid peroxidation) was observed at the last concentration tested (10 mg L-1). This suggests that, like for other herbicides from the triazine group, oxidative stress is a major pathway of toxicity for AMT. Several developmental effects such as oedemas and tail deformities were also observed. The 96 h-EC50 values calculated for different developmental parameters were between 17 and 29 mg L-1. AMT also affected hatching (96 h-EC50 = 22.5 mg L-1) and positioning in the water column (96 h-EC50 = 13.2 mg L-1). In a previous work of the group, lethal toxicity of AMT showed to be much higher to adults than to embryos. However, in the present work, sublethal endpoints assessed suggest that important effects are observed at lower concentrations, improving the sensitivity of the embryo test. Moreover, in this work, sublethal effects were observed for concentrations in the same range as the ones found in the environment, and thus, given that this chemical is widely used in tropical fields, a refined evaluation of risk should be performed based on the monitoring of sublethal and long-term parameters and considering mixture scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica A M Moura
- Instituto Biológico, Centro Experimental Central, Rodovia Heitor Penteado, km 3, Campinas, SP, 13092-543, Brazil
| | - Rhaul Oliveira
- Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, IB, bloco F, térreo, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, 70919-970, Brazil
| | - Claudio M Jonsson
- Embrapa Meio Ambiente, Rodovia SP 340, Km 127.5, Tanquinho Velho, Jaguariúna, SP, 13820-000, Brazil
| | - Inês Domingues
- Departamento de Biologia and CESAM (Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar), Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- Departamento de Biologia and CESAM (Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar), Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - António J A Nogueira
- Departamento de Biologia and CESAM (Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar), Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
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Araújo CVM, Silva DCVR, Gomes LET, Acayaba RD, Montagner CC, Moreira-Santos M, Ribeiro R, Pompêo MLM. Habitat fragmentation caused by contaminants: Atrazine as a chemical barrier isolating fish populations. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 193:24-31. [PMID: 29126062 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Information on how atrazine can affect the spatial distribution of organisms is non-existent. As this effect has been observed for some other contaminants, we hypothesized that atrazine-containing leachates/discharges could trigger spatial avoidance by the fish Poecilia reticulata and form a chemical barrier isolating upstream and downstream populations. Firstly, guppies were exposed to an atrazine gradient in a non-forced exposure system, in which organisms moved freely among the concentrations, to assess their ability to avoid atrazine. Secondly, a chemical barrier formed by atrazine, separating two clean habitats (extremities of the non-forced system), was simulated to assess whether the presence of the contaminant could prevent guppies from migrating to the other side of the system. Fish were able to avoid atrazine contamination at environmentally relevant concentrations (0.02 μg L-1), below those described to cause sub-lethal effects. The AC50 (atrazine concentration causing avoidance to 50% of the population) was 0.065 μg L-1. The chemical barrier formed by atrazine at 150 μg L-1 (concentration that should produce an avoidance around 82%) caused a reduction in the migratory potential of the fish by 47%; while the chemical barrier at 1058 μg L-1 (concentration that produces torpidity) caused a reduction in the migratory potential of the fish by 91%. Contamination by atrazine, besides driving the spatial distribution of fish populations, has potential to act as a chemical barrier by isolating fish populations. This study includes a novel approach to be integrated in environmental risk assessment schemes to assess high-tier contamination effects such as habitat fragmentation and population displacement and isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano V M Araújo
- Department of Ecology and Coastal Management, Institute of Marine Sciences of Andalusia (CSIC), Campus Río S. Pedro, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
| | - Daniel C V R Silva
- Department of Ecology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo, Lorena, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz E T Gomes
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo, Lorena, São Paulo, Brazil; Analytical Chemistry Department, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raphael D Acayaba
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cassiana C Montagner
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Matilde Moreira-Santos
- Centre for Functional Ecology (CFE), Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rui Ribeiro
- Centre for Functional Ecology (CFE), Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
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Stengel D, Wahby S, Braunbeck T. In search of a comprehensible set of endpoints for the routine monitoring of neurotoxicity in vertebrates: sensory perception and nerve transmission in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:4066-4084. [PMID: 29022183 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0399-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In order to develop a test battery based on a variety of neurological systems in fish, three sensory systems (vision, olfaction, and lateral line) as well as nerve transmission (acetylcholine esterase) were analyzed in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos with respect to their suitability as a model for the screening of neurotoxic trace substances in aquatic ecosystems. As a selection of known or putative neurotoxic compounds, amidotrizoic acid, caffeine, cypermethrin, dichlorvos, 2,4-dinitrotoluene, 2,4-dichlorophenol, 4-nonylphenol, perfluorooctanoic acid, and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid were tested in the fish embryo test (OECD test guideline 236) to determine EC10 values, which were then used as maximum test concentration in subsequent neurotoxicity tests. Whereas inhibition of acetylcholinesterase was investigated biochemically both in vivo and in vitro (ex vivo), the sensory organs were studied in vivo by means of fluorescence microscopy and histopathology in 72- or 96-h-old zebrafish embryos, which are not regarded as protected developmental stages in Europe and thus - at least de jure - represent alternative test methods. Various steps of optimization allowed this neurotoxicity battery to identify neurotoxic potentials for five out of the nine compounds: Cypermethrin and dichlorvos could be shown to specifically modulate acetylcholinesterase activity; dichlorvos, 2,4-dichlorophenol, 4-nonylphenol, and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid led to a degeneration of neuromasts, whereas both vision and olfaction proved quite resistant to concentrations ≤ EC10 of all of the model neurotoxicants tested. Comparison of neurotoxic effects on acetylcholinesterase activity following in vivo and in vitro (ex vivo) exposure to cypermethrin provided hints to a specific enzyme-modulating activity of pyrethroid compounds. Enhancement of the neuromast assay by applying a simultaneous double-staining procedure and implementing a 4-scale scoring system (Stengel et al. 2017) led to reduced variability of results and better statistical resolution and allowed to differentiate location-dependent effects in single neuromasts. Since acetylcholinesterase inhibition and neuromast degeneration can be analyzed in 72- and 96-h-old zebrafish embryos exposed to neurotoxicants according to the standard protocol of the fish embryo toxicity test (OECD TG 236), the fish embryo toxicity test can be enhanced to serve as a sensitive neurotoxicity screening test in non-protected stages of vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Stengel
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Group, Center for Organismal Studies (COS), University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 120, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sarah Wahby
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Group, Center for Organismal Studies (COS), University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 120, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Braunbeck
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Group, Center for Organismal Studies (COS), University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 120, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Wang Y, Wu S, Chen J, Zhang C, Xu Z, Li G, Cai L, Shen W, Wang Q. Single and joint toxicity assessment of four currently used pesticides to zebrafish (Danio rerio) using traditional and molecular endpoints. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 192:14-23. [PMID: 29091792 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.10.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides usually present in mixtures in surface waters, although they are traditionally regulated on an individual basis in aquatic ecosystems. In this study, we aimed to investigate the lethal and transcriptional responses of individual and combined pesticides (iprodione, pyrimethanil, pyraclostrobin and acetamiprid) on zebrafish (Danio rerio). Semi-static toxicity test indicated that the greatest toxicity to the four life stages (embryonic, larval, juvenile and adult stages) of D. rerio was detected from pyraclostrobin, followed by iprodione and pyrimethanil. In contrast, the lowest toxicity to the organisms was found from acetamiprid. Most of the selected pesticides exerted greater toxicities to D. rerio of embryonic stage compared with other life stages. Synergistic responses were observed from all binary mixtures of iprodione in combination with pyrimethanil or acetamiprid and ternary mixtures of iprodione+pyraclostrobin in combination with pyrimethanil or acetamiprid. The expressions of 16 genes related to cell apoptosis pathway, oxidative stress response, innate immunity and endocrine disruption at the mRNA level showed that zebrafish embryos were affected by the individual or combined pesticides. The expressions of P53, Tnf, TRβ, Tsh and Cyp19a exhibited greater changes upon exposure to combined pesticides compared with individual pesticides. Taken together, increased toxicity might be triggered by the simultaneous presence of several pesticides in the aquatic environment, which seriously damaged the non-target organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shenggan Wu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jine Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Changpeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhenlan Xu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gang Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Leiming Cai
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weifeng Shen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China.
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Deruytter D, Baert JM, Nevejan N, De Schamphelaere KAC, Janssen CR. Mixture toxicity in the marine environment: Model development and evidence for synergism at environmental concentrations. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2017; 36:3471-3479. [PMID: 28710852 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the effect of metal mixtures on marine organisms, especially after exposure to environmentally realistic concentrations. This information is, however, required to evaluate the need to include mixtures in future environmental risk assessment procedures. We assessed the effect of copper (Cu)-Nickel (Ni) binary mixtures on Mytilus edulis larval development using a full factorial design that included environmentally relevant metal concentrations and ratios. The reproducibility of the results was assessed by repeating this experiment 5 times. The observed mixture effects were compared with the effects predicted with the concentration addition model. Deviations from the concentration addition model were estimated using a Markov chain Monte-Carlo algorithm. This enabled the accurate estimation of the deviations and their uncertainty. The results demonstrated reproducibly that the type of interaction-synergism or antagonism-mainly depended on the Ni concentration. Antagonism was observed at high Ni concentrations, whereas synergism occurred at Ni concentrations as low as 4.9 μg Ni/L. This low (and realistic) Ni concentration was 1% of the median effective concentration (EC50) of Ni or 57% of the Ni predicted-no-effect concentration (PNEC) in the European Union environmental risk assessment. It is concluded that results from mixture studies should not be extrapolated to concentrations or ratios other than those investigated and that significant mixture interactions can occur at environmentally realistic concentrations. This should be accounted for in (marine) environmental risk assessment of metals. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:3471-3479. © 2017 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Deruytter
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Aquatic Ecology-GhEnToxLab, Department of Applied Ecology and Environmental Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan M Baert
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Aquatic Ecology-GhEnToxLab, Department of Applied Ecology and Environmental Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nancy Nevejan
- Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Department of Animal Production, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karel A C De Schamphelaere
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Aquatic Ecology-GhEnToxLab, Department of Applied Ecology and Environmental Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Colin R Janssen
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Aquatic Ecology-GhEnToxLab, Department of Applied Ecology and Environmental Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Bridi D, Altenhofen S, Gonzalez JB, Reolon GK, Bonan CD. Glyphosate and Roundup ® alter morphology and behavior in zebrafish. Toxicology 2017; 392:32-39. [PMID: 29032223 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate has become the most widely used herbicide in the world, due to the wide scale adoption of transgenic glyphosate resistant crops after its introduction in 1996. Glyphosate may be used alone, but it is commonly applied as an active ingredient of the herbicide Roundup®. This pesticide contains several adjuvants, which may promote an unknown toxicity. The indiscriminate application poses numerous problems, both for the health of the applicators and consumers, and for the environment, contaminating the soil, water and leading to the death of plants and animals. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is quickly gaining popularity in behavioral research, because of physiological similarity to mammals, sensitivity to pharmacological factors, robust performance, low cost, short spawning intervals, external fertilization, transparency of embryos through larval stages, and rapid development. The aim of this study was evaluate the effects of glyphosate and Roundup® on behavioral and morphological parameters in zebrafish larvae and adults. Zebrafish larvae at 3days post-fertilization and adults were exposed to glyphosate (0.01, 0.065, and 0.5mg/L) or Roundup® (0.01, 0.065, and 0.5mg/L) for 96h. Immediately after the exposure, we performed the analysis of locomotor activity, aversive behavior, and morphology for the larvae and exploratory behavior, aggression and inhibitory avoidance memory for adult zebrafish. In zebrafish larvae, there were significant differences in the locomotor activity and aversive behavior after glyphosate or Roundup® exposure when compared to the control group. Our findings demonstrated that exposure to glyphosate at the concentration of 0.5mg/L, Roundup® at 0.065 or 0.5mg/L reduced the distance traveled, the mean speed and the line crossings in adult zebrafish. A decreased ocular distance was observed for larvae exposed at 0.5mg/L of glyphosate. We verified that at 0.5mg/L of Roundup®-treated adult zebrafish demonstrated a significant impairment in memory. Both glyphosate and Roundup® reduced aggressive behavior. Our data suggest that there are small differences between the effects induced by glyphosate and Roundup®, altering morphological and behavioral parameters in zebrafish, suggesting common mechanisms of toxicity and cellular response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiane Bridi
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Stefani Altenhofen
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jonas Brum Gonzalez
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Kellermann Reolon
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carla Denise Bonan
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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40
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Tang G, Yao J, Li D, He Y, Zhu YC, Zhang X, Zhu KY. Cytochrome P450 genes from the aquatic midge Chironomus tentans: Atrazine-induced up-regulation of CtCYP6EX3 enhanced the toxicity of chlorpyrifos. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 186:68-77. [PMID: 28768160 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.07.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The open reading frames of 19 cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (CYP) genes were sequenced from Chironomus tentans, a commonly used freshwater invertebrate model. Phylogenetic analysis of the 19 CYPs along with a previously reported CYP (CtCYP4G33) revealed that they belong to three different clans, including 3 in CYP4, 15 in CYP3, and 2 in mitochondria clan. When third-instar larvae were exposed to atrazine at 5000 μg/L, the transcription of CtCYP6EX3, CtCYP6EV3, CtCYP9AT1 and CtCYPEX1 was significantly up-regulated. To examine whether CtCYP6EX3 played a role in oxidative activation of chlorpyrifos to chlorpyrifos-oxon, we evaluated larval susceptibility to chlorpyrifos after CtCYP6EX3 transcript was suppressed by RNAi. The larvae fed chitosan/dsCtCYP6EX3 nanoparticles showed a significantly decreased CtCYP6EX3 transcript (53.1%) as compared with the control larvae fed chitosan/dsGFP nanoparticles. When the CtCYP6EX3-silenced larvae were exposed to chlorpyrifos at 6 μg/L or its binary mixture with atrazine (chlorpyrifos at 3 μg/L and atrazine at 1000 μg/L), the larvae became less susceptible to the pesticides as their mortalities decreased by 24.1% and 20.5%, respectively. These results along with our previous findings suggested that the increased toxicity of chlorpyrifos was likely due to an enhanced oxidative process from chlorpyrifos to chlorpyrifos-oxon by CtCYP6EX3 as RNAi of CtCYP6EX3 led to decreased susceptibility of C. tentans larvae to chlorpyrifos alone and the binary mixture of atrazine and chlorpyrifos. However, further study would be necessary to validate our results by functional assays using heterologously expressed CtCYP6EX3 enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Tang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA
| | - Jianxiu Yao
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA; USDA-ARS, Southern Insect Management Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA
| | - Daqi Li
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA; Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shaanxi 030006, China
| | - Yanping He
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA; College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Yu-Cheng Zhu
- USDA-ARS, Southern Insect Management Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA
| | - Kun Yan Zhu
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA.
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41
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Abe FR, Gravato C, Soares AMVM, de Oliveira DP. Biochemical approaches to assess oxidative stress induced by exposure to natural and synthetic dyes in early life stages in zebrafish. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2017; 80:1259-1268. [PMID: 28891787 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2017.1371091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Zebrafish early life stages were found to be sensitive to several synthetic dyes widely used in industries. However, as environmental concentrations of such contaminants are often at sublethal levels, more sensitive methods are required to determine early-warning adverse consequences. The aim of this study was to utilize a multibiomarker approach to examine underlying oxidative stress mechanisms triggered by sublethal concentrations of synthetic azo dye Basic Red 51 (BR51), the natural dye erythrostominone (ERY), and its light-degraded product using zebrafish embryos. Biochemical biomarkers included parameters of detoxification and markers of antioxidant system, as well as oxidative damage. Results showed pro-oxidant mechanisms attributed to BR51 and ERY as evidenced by increased glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity, a phase II detoxification enzyme related to reactive oxygen species detoxification. BR51 also elevated total glutathione (GSH+GSSG) levels and catalase activity. However, both dyes induced oxidative damage as evidenced by elevated lipid peroxidation content. In contrast, when the natural dye was photodegraded, no marked effects were observed for all biomarkers assessed. Data indicate that such dyes are pro-oxidants at sublethal concentrations, predominantly involving GSH and/or related enzymes pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia R Abe
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto , University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Carlos Gravato
- b Department of Biology and CESAM , University of Aveiro , Aveiro , Portugal
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- b Department of Biology and CESAM , University of Aveiro , Aveiro , Portugal
| | - Danielle P de Oliveira
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto , University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , São Paulo , Brazil
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42
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Pereira AS, Cerejeira MJ, Daam MA. Toxicity of environmentally realistic concentrations of chlorpyrifos and terbuthylazine in indoor microcosms. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 182:348-355. [PMID: 28505576 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have been conducted into the evaluation of environmentally realistic pesticide mixtures using model ecosystems. In the present study, the effects of single and combined environmentally realistic concentrations of the herbicide terbuthylazine and the insecticide chlorpyrifos were evaluated using laboratory microcosms. Direct toxic effects of chlorpyrifos were noted on copepod nauplii and cladocerans and the recovery of the latter was likely related with the decrease observed in rotifer abundances. Terbuthylazine potentiated the effect of chlorpyrifos on feeding rates of Daphnia magna, presumably by triggering the transformation of chlorpyrifos to more toxic oxon-analogs. Possible food-web interactions resulting from multiple chemical (and other) stressors likely to be present in edge-of-field water bodies need to be further evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Santos Pereira
- LEAF, Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Maria José Cerejeira
- LEAF, Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Michiel A Daam
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, New University of Lisbon, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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Lizano-Fallas V, Masís-Mora M, Espinoza-Villalobos D, Lizano-Brenes M, Rodríguez-Rodríguez CE. Removal of pesticides and ecotoxicological changes during the simultaneous treatment of triazines and chlorpyrifos in biomixtures. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 182:106-113. [PMID: 28494353 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.04.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Biopurification systems constitute a biological approach for the treatment of pesticide-containing wastewaters produced in agricultural activities, and contain an active core called biomixture. This work evaluated the performance of a biomixture to remove and detoxify a combination of three triazine herbicides (atrazine/terbuthylazine/terbutryn) and one insecticide (chlorpyrifos), and this efficiency was compared with dissipation in soil alone. The potential enhancement of the process was also assayed by bioaugmentation with the ligninolytic fungi Trametes versicolor. Globally, the non-bioaugmented biomixture exhibited faster pesticide removal than soil, but only in the first stages of the treatment. After 20 d, the largest pesticide removal was achieved in the biomixture, while significant removal was detected only for chlorpyrifos in soil. However, after 60 d the removal values in soil matched those achieved in the biomixture for all the pesticides. The bioaugmentation failed to enhance, and even significantly decreased the biomixture removal capacity. Final removal values were 82.8% (non-bioaugmented biomixture), 43.8% (fungal bioaugmented biomixture), and 84.7% (soil). The ecotoxicological analysis revealed rapid detoxification (from 100 to 170 TU to <1 TU in 20 d) towards Daphnia magna in the biomixture and soil, and slower in the bioaugmented biomixture, coinciding with pesticide removal. On the contrary, despite important herbicide elimination, no clear detoxification patterns were observed in the phytotoxicity towards Lactuca sativa. Findings suggest that the proposed biomixture is useful for fast removal of the target pesticides; even though soil also removes the agrochemicals, longer periods would be required. On the other hand, the use of fungal bioaugmentation is discouraged in this matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Lizano-Fallas
- Centro de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental (CICA), Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060 San José, Costa Rica
| | - Mario Masís-Mora
- Centro de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental (CICA), Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060 San José, Costa Rica
| | - David Espinoza-Villalobos
- Centro de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental (CICA), Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060 San José, Costa Rica
| | - Michelle Lizano-Brenes
- Centro de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental (CICA), Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060 San José, Costa Rica
| | - Carlos E Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental (CICA), Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060 San José, Costa Rica.
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Mansano AS, Moreira RA, Dornfeld HC, Freitas EC, Vieira EM, Sarmento H, Rocha O, Seleghim MHR. Effects of diuron and carbofuran and their mixtures on the microalgae Raphidocelis subcapitata. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 142:312-321. [PMID: 28433596 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In aquatic environments, organisms are often exposed to mixtures of several pesticides. In this study, the effects of carbofuran and diuron and their mixtures on the microalgae Raphidocelis subcapitata were investigated. For this purpose, toxicity tests were performed with the single compounds (active ingredients and commercial formulations) and their combinations (only active ingredients). According to the results, the toxicity of active ingredients and their commercial formulations to R. subcapitata was similar. In the single exposures, both carbofuran and diuron inhibited significantly the R. subcapitata growth and caused physiological (chlorophyll a content) and morphological (complexity and cell size) changes in cells, as captured by flow cytometry single-cell properties. Regarding the mixture toxicity tests, data fitted to both reference models, concentration addition (CA) and independent action (IA), and evidenced significant deviations. After the CA fitting, dose-ratio dependent deviation had the best fit to the data, demonstrating synergism caused mainly by diuron and antagonism caused mainly by carbofuran. After fitting the IA model, a synergistic deviation represented the best fit for the diuron and carbofuran mixtures. In general, the two reference models indicated the occurrence of synergism in the mixtures of these compounds, especially when diuron was the dominant chemical in the combinations. The increased toxicity caused by the mixture of these pesticides could pose a greater environmental risk for phytoplankton. Thus, exposure to diuron and carbofuran mixtures must also be considered in risk assessments, since the combination of these compounds may result in more severe effects on algae population growth than single exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrislaine S Mansano
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luis, km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Raquel A Moreira
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luis, km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Hugo C Dornfeld
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luis, km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Emanuela C Freitas
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luis, km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Eny M Vieira
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Hugo Sarmento
- Department of Hydrobiology, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luis, km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Odete Rocha
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luis, km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Mirna H R Seleghim
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luis, km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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Altenhofen S, Nabinger DD, Wiprich MT, Pereira TCB, Bogo MR, Bonan CD. Tebuconazole alters morphological, behavioral and neurochemical parameters in larvae and adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 180:483-490. [PMID: 28431386 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the effects of tebuconazole on morphology and exploratory larvae behavior and adult locomotion. Furthermore, we analyzed the effects of this fungicide on AChE activity and gene expression in zebrafish larvae and in the adult zebrafish brain. Tebuconazole (4 mg/L) increased the ocular distance in larvae and reduced the distance travelled, absolute turn angle, line crossing and time outside area in exposed larvae. Moreover, adult zebrafish that were exposed to this fungicide (4 and 6 mg/L) showed a decrease in distance travelled and mean speed when compared to the control group. However, tebuconazole did not alter the number of line crossings or time spent in the upper zone. Tebuconazole inhibited AChE activity at concentrations of 4 mg/L for larvae and 4 and 6 mg/L in the adult zebrafish brain. However, this fungicide did not alter AChE gene expression in the adult zebrafish brain but increased AChE mRNA transcript levels in larvae. These findings demonstrated that tebuconazole could modulate the cholinergic system by altering AChE activity and that this change may be associated with the reduced locomotion of these animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefani Altenhofen
- PUCRS, Faculdade de Biociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Débora Dreher Nabinger
- PUCRS, Faculdade de Biociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Melissa Talita Wiprich
- PUCRS, Faculdade de Biociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Talita Carneiro Brandão Pereira
- PUCRS, Faculdade de Biociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Laboratório de Biologia Genômica e Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Maurício Reis Bogo
- PUCRS, Faculdade de Biociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Laboratório de Biologia Genômica e Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carla Denise Bonan
- PUCRS, Faculdade de Biociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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46
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Effects of Individual and Combined Pesticide Commercial Formulations Exposure to Egestion and Movement of Common Freshwater Snails, Physa acuta and Helisoma anceps. AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST 2017. [DOI: 10.1674/0003-0031-178.1.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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47
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Stevanovic M, Gasic S, Pipal M, Blahova L, Brkic D, Neskovic N, Hilscherova K. Toxicity of clomazone and its formulations to zebrafish embryos (Danio rerio). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 188:54-63. [PMID: 28458150 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Herbicides are the most widely used group of pesticides but after reaching water bodies they are able to cause adverse effects on non-target organisms. Different formulations using the same active ingredient are frequently available, which raises the issue of potential influence of different formulation types on herbicide toxicity. The present study evaluated the toxicity and teratogenic effects of the active ingredient clomazone and its two formulations (Rampa® EC and GAT Cenit 36 CS, both containing 360g a.i./l of clomazone) on zebrafish embryos. The crucial difference between the two formulation types is the way of active substance release. This investigation is the first report on zebrafish embryotoxicity of both clomazone and its formulations. The technical active ingredient and formulations caused mortality and diverse teratogenic effects, showing different levels of toxicity. The LC50 values for the technical ingredient, Rampa® EC and GAT Cenit 36 CS were 61.4, 9.6 and 92.5mg a.i./l, respectively. Spontaneous movements in 22 hpf embryos decreased under exposure to both the technical ingredient and formulations. A significant number of underdeveloped embryos was detected after exposure to clomazone and Rampa® EC, while no underdevelopment was noted in embryos exposed to GAT Cenit 36 CS. Exposure to the technical ingredient and formulations led also to a series of morphological changes and interfered with the growth of zebrafish embryos. The EC50 based on detection of edemas, spine and tail tip deformations and gas bladder absence (120hpf) was 12.1, 10.1 and 24.1mg/l for technical clomazone, Rampa® EC and GAT Cenit 36 CS, while teratogenicity index (TI) based on LC50/EC50 ratio was 5.1, 1 and 3.8, respectively. The data in this study showed that the emulsifiable concentrate formulation (Rampa® EC) caused statistically significantly higher toxicity, and the aqueous capsule suspension (GAT Cenit 36 CS) lower toxicity than technical clomazone. It indicates that different formulations with the same active ingredient may have different environmental impacts, which is why risk assessment based only on active ingredient toxicity might not be sufficient in terms of preventing formulation effects on the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Stevanovic
- Institute for Pesticides and Environmental Protection, Banatska 31b, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slavica Gasic
- Institute for Pesticides and Environmental Protection, Banatska 31b, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marek Pipal
- Research Center for Toxic Compounds in Environment, Kamenice 753/5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Blahova
- Research Center for Toxic Compounds in Environment, Kamenice 753/5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dragica Brkic
- Institute for Pesticides and Environmental Protection, Banatska 31b, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nesko Neskovic
- Institute for Pesticides and Environmental Protection, Banatska 31b, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Klara Hilscherova
- Research Center for Toxic Compounds in Environment, Kamenice 753/5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic.
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48
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Wang Y, Lv L, Yu Y, Yang G, Xu Z, Wang Q, Cai L. Single and joint toxic effects of five selected pesticides on the early life stages of zebrafish (Denio rerio). CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 170:61-67. [PMID: 27974272 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Instead of individual ones, pesticides are usually detected in water environment as mixtures of contaminants. Laboratory tests were conducted in order to investigate the effects of individual and joint pesticides (phoxim, atrazine, chlorpyrifos, butachlor and λ-cyhalothrin) on zebrafish (Denio rerio). Results from 96-h semi-static toxicity test indicated that λ-cyhalothrin had the greatest toxicity to the three life stages (embryonic, larval and juvenile stages) of D. rerio with LC50 values ranging from 0.0031 (0.0017-0.0042) to 0.38 (0.21-0.53) mg a.i. L-1, followed by butachlor and chlorpyrifos with LC50 values ranging from 0.45 (0.31-0.59) to 1.93 (1.37-3.55) and from 0.28 (0.13-0.38) to 13.03 (7.54-19.71) mg a.i. L-1, respectively. In contrast, atrazine showed the least toxicity with LC50 values ranging from 6.09 (3.34-8.35) to 34.19 (24.42-51.9) mg a.i. L-1. The larval stage of D. rerio was a vulnerable period to most of the selected pesticides in the multiple life stages tested. Pesticide mixtures containing phoxim and λ-cyhalothrin exerted synergistic effects on the larvae of D. rerio. Moreover, the binary mixture of phoxim-atrazine also displayed synergistic response to zebrafish. It has been assumed that most chemicals are additive in toxicity. Therefore, it is crucial to clarify the synergistic interaction for pesticide regulators and environment managers. In the present study, our data provided a clear picture on ecological risk of these pesticide mixtures to aquatic organisms. Moreover, joint effects play a more important role than individual ones, which require more attention when defining standard for water environment quality and risk assessment protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lu Lv
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yijun Yu
- Quality Supervision Division, Zhejiang Provincial Department of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310020, China
| | - Guiling Yang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhenlan Xu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Leiming Cai
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, China.
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49
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Wang Y, Yang G, Dai D, Xu Z, Cai L, Wang Q, Yu Y. Individual and mixture effects of five agricultural pesticides on zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:4528-4536. [PMID: 27943158 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-8205-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we evaluated the individual and mixture toxicities of imidacloprid and other four pesticides (atrazine, chlorpyrifos, butachlor, and λ-cyhalothrin) to the zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae in order to clarify the interactive effects of pesticides on aquatic organisms. Results from the 96-h semi-static toxicity test indicated that chlorpyrifos, λ-cyhalothrin, and butachlor had the highest toxicities to D. rerio with an LC50 value ranging from 0.28 (0.13∼0.38) to 0.45 (0.31∼0.59) mg AI L-1, followed by atrazine with an LC50 value of 15.63 (10.71∼25.76) mg AI L-1, while imidacloprid exhibited the least toxicity to the organisms with an LC50 value of 143.7 (99.98∼221.6) mg AI L-1. Seven pesticide mixtures (two binary mixtures of imidacloprid + atrazine and imidacloprid + λ-cyhalothrin, two ternary mixtures of imidacloprid + atrazine + λ-cyhalothrin and imidacloprid + butachlor + λ-cyhalothrin, two quaternary mixtures of imidacloprid + atrazine + chlorpyrifos + λ-cyhalothrin and imidacloprid + chlorpyrifos + butachlor + λ-cyhalothrin, and one quinquenary mixture of imidacloprid + atrazine + chlorpyrifos + butachlor + λ-cyhalothrin) exhibited synergistic effects with equitoxic ratio and equivalent concentration on the zebrafish. Our results highlighted that the simultaneous presence of several pesticides in the aquatic environment might lead to increased toxicity, causing serious damage to the aquatic ecosystems compared with their individual toxicities. Therefore, the toxic effects of both individual pesticides and their mixtures should be incorporated into the environmental risk evaluation of pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control/Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310021, China
| | - Guiling Yang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control/Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310021, China
| | - Dejiang Dai
- Institute for the Control of Agrochemicals of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310020, China
| | - Zhenlan Xu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control/Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310021, China
| | - Leiming Cai
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control/Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310021, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control/Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310021, China.
| | - Yijun Yu
- Quality Supervision Division, Zhejiang Provincial Department of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310020, China.
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50
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Świergosz-Kowalewska R, Tokarz A. Modification of nickel accumulation in the tissues of the bank vole Myodes glareolus by chemical and environmental factors. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2016; 134P1:196-203. [PMID: 27632790 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In a full factorial laboratory experiment, the effects of temperature and two chemical stressors (nickel and chlorpyrifos) on the accumulation of nickel in the liver and kidney of bank voles were studied. The nine-week experiment consisted of three periods: acclimatisation (3 days), intoxication (6 weeks) and elimination (3 weeks). During the main intoxication phase the animals were orally exposed for 42 days to different doses of nickel (Ni) (0, 300 and 800mg/kg food) or chlorpyrifos (CPF) (0, 50 and 350mg/kg food) or a mixture of both chemicals. Additionally, animals from each chemical treatment were divided into subgroups assigned to three temperatures: 10, 20 or 30°C. The highest concentrations of nickel were found in the testis, but there were no statistical effects of studied factors on this tissue. The nickel concentrations were higher in the kidney than in the liver of the bank voles. Nickel levels in the livers were influenced by Ni concentration in the food during intoxication time and additionally by interactions between Ni, temperature and day of exposure during elimination. The kidney concentrations of nickel depended on the level of nickel exposure but also on the interactions of the nickel with other factors: temperature, chlorpyrifos, day of exposure. This influence was observed only during the intoxication phase. The body mass and liver and kidney masses of the animals were affected both by the nickel concentration in the food and by the temperature. THE CAPSULE ABSTRACT Ni in the tissues depended on the interactions between the factors: Ni, temperature and other. The body, liver and kidney masses were affected by both Ni in the food and by the temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anita Tokarz
- Jegiellonian University, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
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