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Liu F, Wang T, Feng L, Chen Y. The mechanisms of pH regulation on promoting volatile fatty acids production from kitchen waste. J Environ Sci (China) 2025; 147:414-423. [PMID: 39003059 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
The anaerobic acid production experiments were conducted with the pretreated kitchen waste under pH adjustment. The results showed that pH 8 was considered to be the most suitable condition for acid production, especially for the formation of acetic acid and propionic acid. The average value of total volatile fatty acid at pH 8 was 8814 mg COD/L, 1.5 times of that under blank condition. The average yield of acetic acid and propionic acid was 3302 mg COD/L and 2891 mg COD/L, respectively. The activities of key functional enzymes such as phosphotransacetylase, acetokinase, oxaloacetate transcarboxylase and succinyl-coA transferase were all enhanced. To further explore the regulatory mechanisms within the system, the distribution of microorganisms at different levels in the fermentation system was obtained by microbial sequencing, results indicating that the relative abundances of Clostridiales, Bacteroidales, Chloroflexi, Clostridium, Bacteroidetes and Propionibacteriales, which were great contributors for the hydrolysis and acidification, increased rapidly at pH 8 compared with the blank group. Besides, the proportion of genes encoding key enzymes was generally increased, which further verified the mechanism of hydrolytic acidification and acetic acid production of organic matter under pH regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; TUS-Environmental Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd., Beijing 100084, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Leiyu Feng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Yinguang Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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2
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Yang L, Xia C, Jiang J, Chen X, Zhou Y, Yuan C, Bai L, Meng S, Cao G. Removal of antibiotics and estrogens by nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membranes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 461:132628. [PMID: 37783143 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
The separation behavior of a variety of emerging contaminants, including nine antibiotics and six estrogens commonly reported in natural environment, by four commercial nanofiltration and reverse osmosis (NF/RO) membranes at various water conditions (pH, concentration) was investigated. The contaminant rejection at pH 6.0 followed a decreasing trend of XLE (94%-100%) ≈ NF90 (88%-100%) > NF270 (25%-85%) > DL (16%-75%). The dense structures of NF90 and XLE reflected by their small effective pore radii (0.30-0.31 nm) contributed mainly to their high rejection, demonstrating the important role of size exclusion. For the negatively charged loose NF270 and DL membranes (0.40-0.45 nm), charge repulsion made additional contribution, which is markedly reflected by their greater rejection to charged antibiotics than neutral estrogens (45%-85% vs. 25%-60% by NF270). The correlation between rejection data and normalized molecular sizes at pH 4.0 and 9.0 intuitively demonstrated the individual role of size exclusion and charge repulsion. The adsorption by membranes was mainly responsible for the initial compound reduction in feedwater by 6%-25% within 3 h, while only 0.3%-5.6% was attributed to self-degradation. The adsorption capacity was determined, which might be mainly governed by hydrophobic interaction. The resolved controlling factors and mechanisms will contribute to the accurate prediction and membrane selection for trace contaminant removal by membrane process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyan Yang
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China; School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China.
| | - Caiping Xia
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Jielun Jiang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Xueming Chen
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Rural Waste Recycling Technology, College of Environment and Resources, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, PR China
| | - Yanbo Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China; School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Cheng Yuan
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Lichun Bai
- Key Laboratory of Traffic Safety on Track, Ministry of Education, School of Traffic & Transportation Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410075, PR China
| | - Shujuan Meng
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Guomin Cao
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China; School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
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3
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Silori R, Kumar M, Madhab Mahapatra D, Biswas P, Prakash Vellanki B, Mahlknecht J, Mohammad Tauseef S, Barcelo D. Prevalence of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals in the urban wastewater treatment systems of Dehradun, India: Daunting presence of Estrone. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 235:116673. [PMID: 37454796 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
We quantified the occurrences and seasonal variations of the target endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) at four (two major municipals, and two academic institutions) WWTPs in Dehradun city, Uttarakhand, India. The results showed estrone in higher concentrations at μgL-1 levels in influent among the WWTPs, compared to triclosan (TCS) at ngL-1 levels. An astounding concentration of 123.95 μgL-1 was recorded for the estrone in the influent, which is to date the highest ever recorded, globally. Statistical data treatment was performed to test the distribution of the data (Shapiro-Wilk, Anderson-Darling, Lilliefors, and Jarque-Bera tests), and the significant difference between the mean of the wastewater sample population (ANOVA: F statistics, p values, Mann-Whitney test, Tukey's and Dunn's post hoc analysis). Statistical data treatment indicated EDCs concentration with a bi-modal distribution. The Shapiro-Wilk, Anderson-Darling, Lilliefors, and Jarque-Bera tests elucidate a non-normal distribution for the EDCs sample data. A statistically significant difference (F = 8.46; p < 0.0001) in the seasonal data for the abundance of the target EDCs at the WWTPs have been observed. Highest and significantly different mean EDCs concentrations were recorded during the monsoon, compared to the spring (p = 0.025) and summer (p = 0.0004) seasons in the influent waters. The mean influent concentrations of TCS and estrone in monsoon were 66.45 ngL-1 and 78.02 μgL-1, respectively. Maximum removals were recorded for TCS, while maximum negative removal of ∼293% was observed for estrone in the WWTPs. Particularly, the high levels of estrone in the wastewater pose a significant threat as estrone presence could be led to feminization, dysregulation of reproduction in organisms, and carcinogenesis processes in the environment. This study critically highlights the limitation of the WWTPs in the treatment, degradation, and assimilation of EDCs leading to their hyperaccumulation at WWTP effluents, thereby posing a substantial threat to nearby aquatic ecosystems, human health, and the ecological balance of the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Silori
- Sustainability Cluster, School of Advanced Engineering, UPES, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Sustainability Cluster, School of Advanced Engineering, UPES, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterey, Monterrey, 64849, Nuevo Leon, Mexico.
| | - Durga Madhab Mahapatra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Energy Cluster, School of Advanced Engineering, UPES, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India; Department of Biological and Ecological Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Pinakshi Biswas
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Bhanu Prakash Vellanki
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Jürgen Mahlknecht
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterey, Monterrey, 64849, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Syed Mohammad Tauseef
- Sustainability Cluster, School of Advanced Engineering, UPES, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India
| | - Damia Barcelo
- Sustainability Cluster, School of Advanced Engineering, UPES, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India; Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 1826, Barcelona, 08034, Spain
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4
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Wu L, Lu C, Huang N, Zhong M, Teng Y, Tian Y, Ye K, Liang L, Hu Z. Exploration of the effect of simultaneous removal of EDCs in the treatment process of different types of wastewater. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2023; 87:436-453. [PMID: 36706292 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2022.429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The SPE-HPLC-MS/MS method was used to investigate the concentration distribution of nine types of estrogens in 18 locations of pollution source along the Jiuzhou River belonging to river systems in Guangdong province and Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region in China, and the estrogenic activity and potential ecological risks were evaluated by calculating the estradiol equivalency (EEQ). The results showed that the calculated estradiol equivalents (cEEQs) of wastewater treatment plants from 17 locations were all higher than 1 ng/L. To further study the removal effect of the treatment process on the estrogens, the pig breeding wastewater from P4 and the municipal wastewater from P13, as well as the black-odorous water, were sampled and surveyed during the entire process. It turned out that estrogens were effectively removed after nitrification activated sludge treatment. Meanwhile, there was a positive correlation between the removal of NH3-N, total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) and the removal of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). It is shown in the study the secondary treatment process has achieved a significant effect on the removal of estrogen in both the wet and dry periods and that there has been a positive correlation between the activities of total phosphorus compounds, nitrogen-based compounds and the removal of EDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieshan Wu
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Chunliu Lu
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Ning Huang
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Centre, Nanning 530028, PR China E-mail:
| | - Minjie Zhong
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Yunmei Teng
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Centre, Nanning 530028, PR China E-mail:
| | - Yan Tian
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Centre, Nanning 530028, PR China E-mail:
| | - Kaixiao Ye
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Centre, Nanning 530028, PR China E-mail:
| | - Liuling Liang
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Centre, Nanning 530028, PR China E-mail:
| | - Zaoshi Hu
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Centre, Nanning 530028, PR China E-mail:
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5
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Toušová Z, Priebojová J, Javůrek J, Večerková J, Lepšová-Skácelová O, Sychrová E, Smutná M, Hilscherová K. Estrogenic and retinoid-like activity in stagnant waters with mass occurrence of water blooms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 852:158257. [PMID: 36037903 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Stagnant freshwaters can be affected by anthropogenic pollution and eutrophication that leads to massive growth of cyanobacteria and microalgae forming complex water blooms. These can produce various types of bioactive compounds, some of which may cause embryotoxicity, teratogenicity, endocrine disruption and impair animal or human health. This study focused on potential co-occurrence of estrogenic and retinoid-like activities in diverse stagnant freshwaters affected by phytoplankton blooms with varying taxonomic composition. Samples of phytoplankton bloom biomass and its surrounding water were collected from 17 independent stagnant water bodies in the Czech Republic and Hungary. Total estrogenic equivalents (EEQ) of the most potent samples reached up to 4.9 ng·g-1 dry mass (dm) of biomass extract and 2.99 ng·L-1 in surrounding water. Retinoic acid equivalent (REQ) measured by in vitro assay reached up to 3043 ng·g-1 dm in phytoplankton biomass and 1202 ng·L-1in surrounding water. Retinoid-like and estrogenic activities at some sites exceeded their PNEC and effect-based trigger values, respectively. The observed effects were not associated with any particular species of cyanobacteria or algae dominating the water blooms nor related to phytoplankton density. We found that taxonomically diverse phytoplankton communities can produce and release retinoid-like compounds to surrounding water, while estrogenic potency is likely related to estrogens of anthropogenic origin adsorbed to phytoplankton biomass. Retinoids occurring in water blooms are ubiquitous signalling molecules, which can affect development and neurogenesis. Selected water bloom samples (both water and biomass extracts) with retinoid-like activity caused effects on neurodifferentiation in vitro corresponding to those of equivalent all-trans-retinoic acid concentrations. Co-occurrence of estrogenic and retinoid-like activities in stagnant water bodies as well as the potential of compounds produced by water blooms to interfere with neural differentiation should be considered in the assessment of risks associated with water blooms, which can comprise complex mixtures of natural and anthropogenic bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Toušová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Priebojová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Javůrek
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslava Večerková
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Lepšová-Skácelová
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Na Zlaté stoce 1, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Eliška Sychrová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Smutná
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Klára Hilscherová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic.
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6
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Finckh S, Buchinger S, Escher BI, Hollert H, König M, Krauss M, Leekitratanapisan W, Schiwy S, Schlichting R, Shuliakevich A, Brack W. Endocrine disrupting chemicals entering European rivers: Occurrence and adverse mixture effects in treated wastewater. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 170:107608. [PMID: 36343551 PMCID: PMC9720157 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In the present study on endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in treated wastewater, we used chemical and effect-based tools to analyse 56 wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents from 15 European countries. The main objectives were (i) to compare three different receptor-based estrogenicity assays (ERα-GeneBLAzer, p-YES, ERα-CALUX®), and (ii) to investigate a combined approach of chemical target analysis and receptor-based testing for estrogenicity, glucocorticogenic activity, androgenicity and progestagenic activity (ERα-, GR-, AR- and PR-GeneBLAzer assays, respectively) in treated wastewater. A total of 56 steroids and phenols were detected at concentrations ranging from 25 pg/L (estriol, E3) up to 2.4 μg/L (cortisone). WWTP effluents, which passed an advanced treatment via ozonation or via activated carbon, were found to be less contaminated, in terms of lower or no detection of steroids and phenols, as well as hormone receptor-mediated effects. This result was confirmed by the effect screening, including the three ERα-bioassays. In the GeneBLAzer assays, ERα-activity was detected in 82 %, and GR-activity in 73 % of the samples, while AR- and PR-activity were only measured in 14 % and 21 % of the samples, respectively. 17β-estradiol was confirmed as the estrogen dominating the observed estrogenic mixture effect and triamcinolone acetonide was the dominant driver of glucocorticogenic activity. The comparison of bioanalytical equivalent concentrations (BEQ) predicted from the detected concentrations and the relative effect potency (BEQchem) with measured BEQ (BEQbio) demonstrated good correlations of chemical target analysis and receptor-based testing results with deviations mostly within a factor of 10. Bioassay-specific effect-based trigger values (EBTs) from the literature, but also newly calculated EBTs based on previously proposed derivation options, were applied and allowed a preliminary assessment of the water quality of the tested WWTP effluent samples. Overall, this study demonstrates the high potential of linking chemical with effect-based analysis in water quality assessment with regard to EDC contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Finckh
- Department of Effect-Directed Analysis, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Buchinger
- Department of Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Federal Institute for Hydrology - BfG, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Beate I Escher
- Department of Cell Toxicology, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany; Environmental Toxicology, Department of Geosciences, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Henner Hollert
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Maria König
- Department of Cell Toxicology, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Krauss
- Department of Effect-Directed Analysis, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Warich Leekitratanapisan
- Environmental Toxicology Unit - GhEnToxLab, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sabrina Schiwy
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Rita Schlichting
- Department of Cell Toxicology, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Aliaksandra Shuliakevich
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Werner Brack
- Department of Effect-Directed Analysis, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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7
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Huanyu T, Jianghong S, Wei G, Jiawei Z, Hui G, Yunhe W. Environmental fate and toxicity of androgens: A critical review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:113849. [PMID: 35843282 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Androgens are released by humans and livestock into the environment and which cause potent endocrine disruptions even at nanogram per liter levels. In this article, we reviewed updated research results on the structure, source, distribution characteristics and the fate of androgens in ecological systems; and emphasized the potential risk of androgens in aquatic organism. Androgens have moderately solubility in water (23.6-58.4 mg/L) and moderately hydrophobic (log Kow 2.75-4.40). The concentration of androgens in surface waters were mostly in ng/L ranges. The removal efficiencies of main wastewater treatment processes were about 70-100%, except oxidation ditch and stabilization ponds. Sludge adsorption and microbial degradation play important role in the androgens remove. The conjugated androgens were transformed into free androgens in environmental matrices. Global efforts to provide more toxicity data and establish standard monitoring methods need a revisit. Of the day available, there is an urgent need for comprehensive consideration of the impact of androgens on the environment and ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Huanyu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China; Environmental Engineering Research Centre, Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Shi Jianghong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Guo Wei
- College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Zhang Jiawei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China; Environmental Engineering Research Centre, Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Ge Hui
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Wang Yunhe
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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8
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Zhang F, Zhang L, Wang Y, Wang H. Sexual hormones in a coastal river adjacent to the Bohai Sea: Characteristic pollutants and dominantly influencing factors. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113133. [PMID: 35337834 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Characteristic sexual hormones (SHs) and the factors that dominantly influence their occurrence in coastal ecosystems are less understood. This study verified the relationships between SHs and environmental factors and further inferred the possible controlling mechanisms of SH distribution. A characteristic pollutant of SHs was first proposed by determining the contamination level and ecological risks of SHs (seven species) in a coastal river adjacent to the Bohai Sea. The results showed that the 17β-oestradiol (17β-E2), estriol (E3), and 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2) had high mean concentrations of 11.20 (±1.31), 10.17 (±4.91), and 16.71 (±0.88) ng L-1, respectively, in the river water. The concentration of estrone (E1) was positively related to microbial substances of DOMs (p < 0.05). The humification index (HIX) had a negative relationship with E3 (p < 0.05). In water, the distribution of total SHs was regulated by the HIX and fluorescence index (FI), which might be related to photodegradation reactions. The 17α-oestradiol (17α-E2) and EE2 were related to humified organic matter, while E3 and androstenedione (ADD) were influenced by sewage input. The 17β-E2, E1, and 17α-E2 may be derived from animal sources, while E3, ADD, EE2, and progesterone were from human activities. Oestrogens, including E1, 17α-E2, 17β-E2, and EE2, displayed higher ecological risks than androgens and progesterone, with medium to high risk in most sites. The 17β-E2 was regarded as a characteristic pollutant of SHs throughout the river system, which displayed the highest risk. This paper may provide a reference for SH risk management and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengsong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Liyun Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Northern Urban Agriculture of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yonglu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Huaxin Wang
- National Plateau Wetlands Research Center, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China.
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9
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Sellier A, Khaska S, Le Gal La Salle C. Assessment of the occurrence of 455 pharmaceutical compounds in sludge according to their physical and chemical properties: A review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 426:128104. [PMID: 34996022 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.128104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sludge agronomical reuse is of major interest due to the beneficial contribution of nutrients. However, it implies the introduction of unregulated pharmaceuticals into amended-soils and creates a controversial issue about sludge management. To limit their dissemination, it is essential to identify the compounds of interest and understand their attenuation mechanisms through the sludge processes. This paper summarizes the knowledge on 455 investigated pharmaceuticals among 32 therapeutical categories in amendable sludge matrices. It contributes to enlarging the list of commonly quantified compounds to 305 residues including 84 additional compounds compared to previous reviews. It highlights that sorption appears as the main mechanism controlling the occurrence of pharmaceuticals in sludge matrices and shows the considerable residual levels of pharmaceuticals reaching several mg/kg in dry weight. Antibiotics, stimulants, and antidepressants show the highest concentrations up to 232 mg/kg, while diuretics, anti-anxieties or anticoagulants present the lowest concentrations reaching up to 686 µg/kg. Collected data show the increase in investigated compounds as antifungals or antihistamines, and underline emerging categories like antidiabetics, antivirals, or antiarrhythmics. The in-depth analysis of the substantial database guides onto the pharmaceuticals that are the most likely to occur in these amendable matrices to assist future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Sellier
- CHROME Détection, évaluation, gestion des risques CHROniques et éMErgents (CHROME) / Université de Nîmes, 30021 Nîmes Cedex 01 - FRANCE.
| | - Somar Khaska
- CHROME Détection, évaluation, gestion des risques CHROniques et éMErgents (CHROME) / Université de Nîmes, 30021 Nîmes Cedex 01 - FRANCE.
| | - Corinne Le Gal La Salle
- CHROME Détection, évaluation, gestion des risques CHROniques et éMErgents (CHROME) / Université de Nîmes, 30021 Nîmes Cedex 01 - FRANCE.
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10
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Tang Y, Li Y, Zhan L, Wu D, Zhang S, Pang R, Xie B. Removal of emerging contaminants (bisphenol A and antibiotics) from kitchen wastewater by alkali-modified biochar. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 805:150158. [PMID: 34537708 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Using current wastewater treatment technologies, it can be challenging to remove the emerging contaminants (ECs) present in kitchen wastewater (KW) of complex compositions and high organic content. In this study, biochar, derived from straw, was modified as an adsorbent to remove ECs such as bisphenol A (BPA), tetracycline (TC) and ofloxacin (OFL) from a complex KW system. An alkali-modified biochar, having larger specific surface areas and stronger hydrophobicity, was found to exhibit a higher adsorption capacity, with more than 95% of the target ECs being removed. Indeed, in a static operation mode, the alkali-modified biochar had maximum adsorption capacities of 71.43, 101.01 and 54.05 mg/g for BPA, TC, and OFL, respectively. The adsorption kinetics and isotherms models indicated that the adsorption process was controlled by chemisorption, as well as the monolayer adsorption of contaminants onto the external and internal surfaces of the alkali-modified biochar. The adsorption of TC and OFL was significantly affected by the initial pH values of KW. However, the presence of different environmental factors (COD, NH4+ and PO43-) had little effects on the adsorption of the contaminants. The alkali-modified biochar was further tested in a fixed-bed column where the maximum dynamic adsorption capacities for BPA and OFL were 55 and 45 mg/g, representing about 75% and 83% of the static saturated adsorption capacities. These findings can be of major significance for the application of alkali-modified biochar in the removal of ECs from complex KW systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Tang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ye Li
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lu Zhan
- Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Dong Wu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Suhua Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Ruirui Pang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Bing Xie
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
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11
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Cui X, Shu H, Wang L, Chen G, Han J, Hu Q, Bashir K, Luo Z, Chang C, Zhang J, Fu Q. Methacrylic functionalized hybrid carbon nanomaterial for the selective adsorption and detection of progesterone in wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:62306-62320. [PMID: 34191263 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15056-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Progesterone, an endocrine-disrupting chemical, has been frequently detected in wastewater for decades, posing a serious threat to ecological and human health. However, it is still a challenge to achieve the effective detection of progesterone in complex matrices water samples. In this study, a novel adsorbent CNT@CS/P(MAA) was prepared by grafting methacrylic polymers on the surface of modified carbon nanomaterials. Compared with other reported materials, the hybrid carbon nanomaterial could selectively identify the progesterone in the complex industrial pharmaceutical wastewater, and its adsorption performance is almost independent of the pH and environmental temperature. In addition, this nanomaterial could be reused with a good recovery rate. The prepared nanomaterials were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption and desorption experiments, and thermogravimetric analysis. The results confirmed that the methacrylic polymers and chitosan layer were successfully grafted on the surface of carbon nanotubes. Adsorption isotherms, adsorption kinetics, and selectivity tests showed that CNT@CS/P(MAA) had a high adsorption capacity (44.45 mg·g-1), a fast adsorption rate and a satisfied selectivity for progesterone. Then, CNT@CS/P(MAA) was used as solid phase extraction sorbent and combined with HPLC to enrich progesterone from the wastewater samples. Under the optimum conditions, a good linearity was obtained with the correlation coefficient was 0.9998, and the limit of detection was 0.003 ng·mL-1. Therefore, this method could be used for the selective and effective detection of progesterone in industrial wastewater with complex substrates and provided a new method for the detection of progesterone in other environmental waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Cui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Hua Shu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Guoning Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Jili Han
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Qianqian Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Kamran Bashir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Zhimin Luo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Chun Chang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- Shaanxi Hanjiang Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd, Hanzhong, 723000, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, 518118, China.
- Shaanxi Hanjiang Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd, Hanzhong, 723000, China.
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12
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Huang Z, Zhao JL, Zhang CY, Rao WL, Liang GH, Zhang H, Liu YH, Guan YF, Zhang HY, Ying GG. Profile and removal of bisphenol analogues in hospital wastewater, landfill leachate, and municipal wastewater in South China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 790:148269. [PMID: 34380240 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The presence of bisphenol analogues (BPs) in wastewater can have adverse effects to organisms in the environment. However, knowledge of the wastewater sources, such as hospitals and landfills, as well as the removal of BPs are still limited. Fifteen BPs were investigated in hospital, landfills, and municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in South China. Eleven BPs were detected in various source wastewaters, and bisphenol A (BPA) is generally the dominant pollutant. In 4 hospitals, the total concentrations of BPs (∑BPs) in hospital wastewater and treated wastewater ranged from 122 to 1040 ng/L. In the landfill, ∑BPs in leachate and treated leachates were 32,130 and 145 ng/L, respectively. In 5 municipal WWTPs, ∑BPs was up to 17,200 ng/L in influents, 502 ng/L in effluents, and 291 ng/g in sludges. The modified A2/O process exhibited best removal profile for BPs, while the UNITANK process had no advantages. The annual mass load estimates of hospital treated wastewater, landfill treated leachate, and WWTP effluents in Guangdong Province, South China, were 630, 9.46, and 4697 kg/y, respectively. The risk quotient values in source effluents revealed low to medium estrogenic risks to receiving rivers. Control measures should be applied to further remove BPs not only from WWTP effluents but also from other sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Huang
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jian-Liang Zhao
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Cai-Yun Zhang
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wan-Li Rao
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guo-Hai Liang
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yue-Hong Liu
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yu-Feng Guan
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hai-Yan Zhang
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guang-Guo Ying
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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13
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Chen Z, Wang D, Dao G, Shi Q, Yu T, Guo F, Wu G. Environmental impact of the effluents discharging from full-scale wastewater treatment plants evaluated by a hybrid fuzzy approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 790:148212. [PMID: 34380271 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Increasing attention is being paid to the environmental impacts of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent. In this study, comprehensive environmental impact analyses (EIAs) were performed for the secondary treatment processes, tertiary treatment processes, and entire plants at five full-scale WWTPs in Kunming, China. The EIAs took into account greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, potential for the effluent to cause eutrophication, ecological risks posed by endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) in treated effluent, and the risks posed by heavy metals in excess sludge. A comprehensive assessment toward environmental sustainability was performed using a fuzzy approach. The results indicated that the biological treatment process made the largest contribution (>68% of the total) of the secondary treatment processes to GHG emissions and that electricity consumption made the largest contribution (>64% of the total) of the tertiary treatment processes to GHG emissions. Large numbers of EDCs were removed during the secondary treatment processes, but the potential ecological risks posed by EDCs still require attention. High mercury concentrations were found in excess sludge. The plant that removed the largest proportion of pollutants and produced effluent posing the least ecological risks gave the best comprehensive EIA performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Chen
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Dan Wang
- Integrated Research of Energy, Environment and Society (IREES), Energy and Sustainability Research Institute (ESRIG), University of Groningen, Groningen 9747 AG, the Netherlands; Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
| | - Guohua Dao
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, PR China
| | - Qi Shi
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Tong Yu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266000, PR China
| | - Fang Guo
- Kunming Dianchi Water Treatment Co. Ltd., Kunming 650228, PR China
| | - Guangxue Wu
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Civil Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland.
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14
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Islam R, Yu RMK, Andrew-Priestley M, Smith N, Rahman MM, Tran TKA, Connor WAO, MacFarlane GR. Secondary treatment phase of tertiary wastewater treatment works significantly reduces estrogenic load. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 200:117257. [PMID: 34077838 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Estrogenic compounds enter waterways via effluents from wastewater treatment works (WWTW), thereby indicating a potential risk to organisms inhabiting adjacent receiving waters. However, little is known about the loads or concentrations of estrogenic compounds that enter Australian WWTWs, the efficiency of removing estrogenic compounds throughout the various stages of tertiary WWTW processes (which are common in Australia), nor the concentrations released into estuarine or marine receiving waters, and the associated risk for aquatic taxa residing in these environments. Therefore, seven estrogenic compounds, comprising the natural estrogens estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2) and estriol (E3), the synthetic estrogen (EE2), and the industrial chemicals bisphenol A (BPA), 4-t-octyl phenol (4-t-OP) and 4-nonyl phenol (4-NP), in wastewater samples were quantified via liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) after solid-phase extraction at different stages of wastewater treatment and associated receiving waters. The concentrations of the target compounds in wastewater ranged from < LOQ (limit of quantification) to 158 ng/L for Tanilba Bay WWTW and < LOQ to 162 ng/L for Belmont WWTW. Most target compounds significantly declined after the secondary treatment phase. Appreciable removal efficiency throughout the treatment process was observed with removal from 39.21 to 99.98% of influent values at both WWTWs. The reduction of the natural estrogens (E1, E2 and E3) and 4-t-OP were significantly greater than EE2, BPA, and 4-NP in both WWTWs. Risk quotients (RQs) were calculated to assess potential ecological risks from individual estrogenic compounds. In predicted diluted effluents, no targeted compounds showed any ecological risk (RQ ≤1.65 × 10-2) at both WWTWs. Similarly, all RQs for shore samples at both WWTWs were below 1. Finally, the hazard index (HI), which represents combined estrogenic contaminants' ecological risk, indicated no mentionable risk for predicted diluted effluents (HI = 0.0097 to 0.0218) as well as shoreline samples (HI = 0.393 to 0.522) in the receiving estuarine or marine waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafiquel Islam
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Islamic University, Kushtia 7003, Bangladesh
| | - Richard Man Kit Yu
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | | | - Nathan Smith
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Thi Kim Anh Tran
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; School of Agriculture and Resources, Vinh University, Viet Nam
| | - Wayne A O' Connor
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Port Stephens Fisheries Institute, Taylors Beach, NSW, 2316, Australia
| | - Geoff R MacFarlane
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
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15
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Moreira IS, Lebel A, Peng X, Castro PML, Gonçalves D. Sediments in the mangrove areas contribute to the removal of endocrine disrupting chemicals in coastal sediments of Macau SAR, China, and harbour microbial communities capable of degrading E2, EE2, BPA and BPS. Biodegradation 2021; 32:511-529. [PMID: 34037892 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-021-09948-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) is a major issue for marine and coastal environments in the proximity of urban areas. The occurrence of EDCs in the Pearl River Delta region is well documented but specific data related to Macao is unavailable. The levels of bisphenol-A (BPA), estrone (E1), 17α-estradiol (αE2), 17β-estradiol (E2), estriol (E3), and 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2) were measured in sediment samples collected along the coastline of Macao. BPA was found in all 45 collected samples with lower BPA concentrations associated to the presence of mangrove trees. Biodegradation assays were performed to evaluate the capacity of the microbial communities of the surveyed ecosystems to degrade BPA and its analogue BPS. Using sediments collected at a WWTP discharge point as inoculum, at a concentration of 2 mg l-1 complete removal of BPA was observed within 6 days, whereas for the same concentration BPS removal was of 95% after 10 days, which is particularly interesting since this compound is considered recalcitrant to biodegradation and likely to accumulate in the environment. Supplementation with BPA improved the degradation of bisphenol-S (BPS). Aiming at the isolation of EDCs-degrading bacteria, enrichments were established with sediments supplied with BPA, BPS, E2 and EE2, which led to the isolation of a bacterial strain, identified as Rhodoccoccus sp. ED55, able to degrade the four compounds at different extents. The isolated strain represents a valuable candidate for bioremediation of contaminated soils and waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina S Moreira
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Alexandre Lebel
- Institute of Science and Environment, University of Saint Joseph, Rua de Londres 106, Macau S.A.R., China
| | - Xianzhi Peng
- Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 511 Kehua Street, Wushan, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, GD, China
| | - Paula M L Castro
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005, Porto, Portugal
| | - David Gonçalves
- Institute of Science and Environment, University of Saint Joseph, Rua de Londres 106, Macau S.A.R., China
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16
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Tang Z, Liu ZH, Wang H, Dang Z, Liu Y. Occurrence and removal of 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2) in municipal wastewater treatment plants: Current status and challenges. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 271:129551. [PMID: 33453480 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As a synthetic estrogen, 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2) has been known to show the strong estrogenic potency. This work critically reviewed the occurrence and removal of EE2 in municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Based on the on-site investigations from 282 municipal WWTPs across 29 countries, the concentrations of EE2 in influent and effluent ranged from n.d-7890 and n.d-549 ng/L, with respective average concentrations of 78.4 and 12.3 ng/L. The average effluent concentration of EE2 was more than 61 times higher than the reported lowest-observed-effect concentration, indicating an urgent need for removing EE2 in WWTPs. The calculated removal efficiencies of EE2 in different wastewater treatment processes varied from -100%-100%. Averagely, 47.5% of EE2 was removed in the primary treatment process, 55.3% by biological filter treatment, 59.4% by lagoon and 71.5% by activated sludge process. The observed removal of EE2 in municipal WWTP could be mainly attributed to adsorption and biodegradation, which could be predicted according to its solid-water distribution coefficients and biodegradation rate constants. However, it should be noted that the predicted removal of EE2 was found to deviate from the in-plant observation, likely attributing to the existence of EE2 conjugates in raw municipal wastewater. Therefore, the effect of EE2 conjugates on the EE2 removal in WWTPs should be taken into account in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Tang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Ze-Hua Liu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China; Key Lab Pollution Control & Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Cluster, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environment Risk Prevention and Emergency Disposal, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi Dang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Center, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, CleanTech One, 637141, Singapore; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
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17
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Chen L, Fu W, Tan Y, Zhang X. Emerging organic contaminants and odorous compounds in secondary effluent wastewater: Identification and advanced treatment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 408:124817. [PMID: 33370690 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to address organic micropollutants in secondary effluents from municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) by first identification of micropollutants in different treatment units, and second by evaluating an advanced treatment process for removals of micropollutants. In secondary effluents, 28 types of pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs), 5 types of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and 3 types of odorous compounds are detected with total concentrations of 513 ± 57.8 ng/L, 991 ± 36.5 ng/L, 553 ± 48.3 ng/L, respectively. An integrated process consisting of in-situ ozonation, ceramic membrane filtration (CMF) and biological active carbon (BAC) filtration is investigated in a pilot scale (1000 m3/d) for removal of micropollutants in secondary effluents. The total removal efficiencies of PPCPs, EDCs and odorous compounds are 98.5%, 95.4%, and 91.1%, respectively. Removal mechanisms of emerging organic contaminants (EOCs) and odorous compounds are discussed based on their physicochemical properties. The remarkable removal efficiencies of micropollutants by the pilot system is attributed to synergistic effects of combining ozonation, ceramic membrane filtration and BAC filtration. This study provides a cost-effective and robust technology with the capability of treating secondary effluents for reuse applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Wanyi Fu
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China; Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yu Tan
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Xihui Zhang
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China; Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China.
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18
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Li Y, Yang L, Zhen H, Chen X, Sheng M, Li K, Xue W, Zhao H, Meng S, Cao G. Determination of estrogens and estrogen mimics by solid-phase extraction with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1168:122559. [PMID: 33652260 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
An analytical method has been developed and validated for the determination of six estrogens and estrogen mimics, namely estriol (E3), bisphenol A (BPA), 17β-estradiol (E2), estrone (E1), ethynyl estradiol (EE2) and dienestrol (DIE), with frequent occurrence in the natural environment. Solid phase extraction coupled with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (SPE-LC-MS/MS) using electrospray ionization (ESI) in a negative mode was applied to concentration, identification, and quantification of estrogens and estrogen mimics. The SPE conditions were optimized as the selection of C18 as cartridges and MeOH as an eluent, and the control of solution pH at 9.0. The method was validated by satisfactory recoveries (80-130%) and intra-day and inter-day precision (<18.4%, as relative standard deviation), and excellent linearity for calibration curves (R2 > 0.996). The limits of detection (LODs) for six target estrogenic compounds ranged between 2.5 and 19.2 ng/L. The effects of matrix background on the determination were evaluated in terms of LODs, LOQs, analyte recovery, and slopes of calibration curves in five different water matrices. Matrix effects by tap water were negligible. However, both matrix suppression and enhancement (i.e., E3, E1, DIE) were observed in surface water and wastewater. The positive correlation between LODs and TOC in various water matrices indicated the negative effect of organic pollutants on the method sensitivity. The sum of target estrogenic compounds in environmental samples were within 17-9462 ng/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yejin Li
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Linyan Yang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Wastewater Treatment, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Huajun Zhen
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xueming Chen
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Rural Waste Recycling Technology, College of Environment and Resources, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Mei Sheng
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Kai Li
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Weibo Xue
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Huihui Zhao
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Shujuan Meng
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Guomin Cao
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Wastewater Treatment, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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19
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Gabet A, Métivier H, de Brauer C, Mailhot G, Brigante M. Hydrogen peroxide and persulfate activation using UVA-UVB radiation: Degradation of estrogenic compounds and application in sewage treatment plant waters. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 405:124693. [PMID: 33278728 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, the degradation of three estrogens (17β-estradiol (E2), estrone (E1) and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2)) was investigated under photoactivation of hydrogen peroxide and persulfate. Lab-scale irradiation experiments showed that both UVA and UVB radiations are able to photoactivate the oxidant precursors, although UVB is more efficient to generate radicals and therefore to degrade the targets. The efficiency of both oxidant precursors was investigated showing higher efficiency in the system with persulfate. The pseudo-first order degradation rate constants and the second order rate constants between the hydroxyl or the sulfate radicals and estrogens were measured. In order to evaluate the process efficiency in real treatment conditions, the degradation of the estrogens spiked into sewage treatment plant effluent was studied. Measurements of second order rate constants between the radical and the effluent organic matter by laser flash photolysis allowed to understand the involved quenching mechanisms. A Yeast Estrogen Screen (YES) assay was used to follow the decrease in estrogenic activity during the estrogen degradation. This assay permitted to ensure that the studied processes are not only able to degrade the estrogens but also to remove their estrogenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaëlle Gabet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; INSA Lyon, DEEP, 34 Avenue des Arts, 69621 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Hélène Métivier
- INSA Lyon, DEEP, 34 Avenue des Arts, 69621 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | | | - Gilles Mailhot
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marcello Brigante
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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20
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Chiriac FL, Paun I, Pirvu F, Pascu LF, Galaon T. Occurrence and Fate of Bisphenol A and its Congeners in Two Wastewater Treatment Plants and Receiving Surface Waters in Romania. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2021; 40:435-446. [PMID: 33179829 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the distribution and environmental fate of Bisphenol A (BPA), the 4-hydroxyacetophenone (4-HAP) metabolite, and 5 other bisphenol congeners in 2 municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and their receiving rivers in Romania. Accordingly, a new, highly sensitive and accurate solid-phase extraction-liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated. This technique generated low limit of quantitation values: below 2.3 ng/L for surface water and less than 2.4 and 2.7 ng/L for WWTP effluent and influent water. The sum of detected analytes in wastewater was between 1337 and 16 118 ng/L for influent samples and between 15 and 96 ng/L for effluent samples. In surface water, the total of all compounds was somewhere between 34 and 240 ng/L. The highest concentration observed was for BPA in all 3 types of analyzed water (up to 9140 ng/L for influent, as high as 75 ng/L for effluent, and a maximum of 135 ng/L in surface waters). All analyzed samples were free of bisphenols B, C, and F. For all analytes detected in surface water, the concentration values were higher than those determined in the effluent samples, which may be caused by intrinsic contamination of the 2 rivers (Danube and Jiu Rivers). Values of environmental risk coefficients, calculated for both effluents and surface waters, indicated a low ecological risk or no ecological risk for 3 types of organisms (algae, daphnia, and fish). Human risk assessment calculation suggests no risk to human health as a result of the presence of BPA in either of the 2 rivers. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:435-446. © 2020 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florentina L Chiriac
- National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology-ECOIND, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Iuliana Paun
- National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology-ECOIND, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Florinela Pirvu
- National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology-ECOIND, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Luoana F Pascu
- National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology-ECOIND, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Toma Galaon
- National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology-ECOIND, Bucharest, Romania
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21
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Wang H, Liu ZH, Tang Z, Zhang J, Dang Z, Liu Y. Possible overestimation of bisphenol analogues in municipal wastewater analyzed with GC-MS. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 273:116505. [PMID: 33484998 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This work for the first time showed that sulfated BPA could be directly analyzed as BPA with GC-MS after the derivatization with N,O-bis-(trimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA)+1% trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS), i.e. the deconjugation step was not necessary. This was because sulfated BPA indeed could be simultaneously deconjugated and derivatized to BPA derivative during derivatization, suggesting that any co-elution of BPA and sulfated BPA during sample extraction led to BPA overestimation in the GC-MS method with BSTFA +1% TMCS as the derivative reagent. Using BPA 4,4'-disulfates (BPA diS) as the pure standard, the co-elution phenomena of sulfated BPA was confirmed with two widely used elution solvents (i.e. methanol and ethyl acetate) or their mixed solutions with different ratios, which further suggested if only sulfated BPA existed in any wastewater sample, BPA was likely over-determined. To further confirm this finding, both influent and effluent samples collected from a local municipal wastewater treatment plant were analyzed, which clearly showed the overestimation of BPA in the two wastewaters due to co-existence of sulfated BPA in the wastewater samples. In addition to BPA, the results also showed the overestimation of other nine bisphenol analogues. As sulfated micropollutants including estrogens, androgens, phytoestrogens, etc., have been widely found in municipal wastewater, the overestimating phenomenon observed in this study may also be extended to determination of other micropollutants, which should be addressed in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Ze-Hua Liu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China; Key Lab Pollution Control & Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Cluster, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510006; Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environment Risk Prevention and Emergency Disposal, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhao Tang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi Dang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Center, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, CleanTech One, 637141, Singapore; School of Civil and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
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22
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Fate of Emerging Contaminants in High-Rate Activated Sludge Systems. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18020400. [PMID: 33419173 PMCID: PMC7825564 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
High-rate activated sludge (HRAS) systems are designed to shift the energy-intensive processes to energy-saving and sustainable technologies for wastewater treatment. The high food-to-microorganism (F/M) ratios and low solid retention times (SRTs) and hydraulic retention times (HRTs) applied in HRAS systems result in the maximization of organic matter diversion to the sludge which can produce large amounts of biogas during anaerobic digestion, thus moving toward energy-neutral (or positive) treatment processes. However, in addition to the energy optimization, the removal of emerging contaminants (ECs) is the new challenge in wastewater treatment. In the context of this study, the removal efficiencies and the fates of selected ECs (three endocrine disruptors (endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs))—nonylphenol, bisphenol A and triclosan, and four pharmaceuticals (PhACs)—ibuprofen, naproxen, diclofenac and ketoprofen) in HRAS systems have been studied. According to the results, EDCs occurred in raw wastewater and secondary sludge at higher concentrations compared to PhACs. In HRAS operating schemes, all compounds were poorly (<40%) to moderately (<60%) removed. Regarding removal mechanisms, biotransformation was found to be the dominant process for PhACs, while for EDCs sorption onto sludge is the most significant removal mechanism affecting their fates and their presence in excess sludge.
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23
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Removal of Nonylphenol Polyethylene Glycol (NPEG) with Au-TiO2 Catalysts: Kinetic and Initial Transformation Path. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10101205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of the Au-TiO2 catalyst in the degradation of nonylphenol polyethylene glycol (NPEG). In the first part of the study, the catalyst was synthesized and characterized. Initially, the catalyst (TiO2 Degussa P-25) was doped with gold precursor salts (HAuCl4) at different concentrations (5, 10, and 15%) and the photodeposition method with UV light. It was determined by diffuse reflectance (DF) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) that the photodeposition method was effective for the inclusion of gold particles on the surface. The catalyst band gap showed a reduction to 2.9 e.v (compared to TiO2 Degussa P-25), and it was observed that the gold-doped catalyst showed absorption in the visible light range 500 to 600 nm. The percentage of deposited gold was determined by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). In the second part of the study, various NPEG degradation experiments were performed; with the catalyst that showed the best conversion percentages of NPEG, the experimental data were analyzed using UV-Vis spectrophotometry and TOC (total organic carbon). With these results, a carbon-based mass balance and reaction kinetics were generated using the Langmuir–Hinshelwood (L–H) heterogeneous catalysis model. For the estimation of the kinetic constants, the non-linear regression of the Levenger–Marquardt algorithm was used. With these results, kinetic models of the degradation of the molecule and the generation and consumption of organic intermediate products (OIPs) were generated.
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24
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Rongsayamanont C, Khongkhaem P, Luepromchai E, Khan E. Inhibitory effect of phenol on wastewater ammonification. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 309:123312. [PMID: 32283486 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to elucidate inhibitory effect of phenol on ammonification of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) in wastewater. Laboratory incubation experiments were conducted using primary and secondary effluent samples spiked with phenol (100-1000 mg/L) and inoculated with mixed cultures, pure strains of phenol-degrading bacteria (Acinetobacter sp. and Pseudomonas putida F1), and/or an ammonia oxidizing bacterium (Nitrosomonas europaea). DON concentration was monitored with incubation time. Phenol suppressed the ammonification rate of DON up to 62.9%. No or minimal ammonification inhibition was observed at 100 mg/L of phenol while the inhibition increased with increasing phenol concentration from 250 to 1000 mg/L. The inhibition was curtailed by the presence of the phenol-degrading bacteria. DON was ammonified in the samples inoculated with only N. europaea and the ammonification was also inhibited by phenol. The findings suggest that high phenol in wastewater could result in low ammonification and high DON in the effluent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaiwat Rongsayamanont
- Environmental Assessment and Technology for Hazardous Waste Management Research Center, Faculty of Environmental Management, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Hazardous Substance Management (HSM), Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Piyamart Khongkhaem
- Microbial Technology for Marine Pollution Treatment Research Unit, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Ekawan Luepromchai
- Center of Excellence on Hazardous Substance Management (HSM), Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Microbial Technology for Marine Pollution Treatment Research Unit, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Eakalak Khan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA.
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25
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He H, Luo N, Huang B, Li B, Zhang Z, Xu Z, Pan X. Optical characteristics and cytotoxicity of dissolved organic matter in the effluent and sludge from typical sewage treatment processes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 725:138381. [PMID: 32278930 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The environmental ecological risks of dissolved organic matter (DOM) extracted from diverse sewage treatment plants and processes have attracted urgent attention. The correlations between the toxicity of DOM and its compositions or properties deserved to be explored to evaluate the environmental risk. Human liver cancer (HepG2) and normal liver (L02) cell lines were used in in vitro experiments evaluating the environmental risks of dissolved organics discharged from secondary and advanced sewage treatment processes. Organics extracted from dewatered sludge were also tested. Elemental compositions were determined and optical characterization was performed. The results indicated that the organics in the effluent from anaerobic-anoxic-oxic processes contained more oxygen-containing groups and hydrophilic substances than those in other types of effluent. The sludge extracts showed the greatest cytotoxicity, followed by the effluent from secondary treatment and then the effluent from an advanced treatment process. The sludge extracts inhibited cell proliferation while the other effluents promoted it at a 5 mgC/L concentration. The organics discharged from secondary and advanced treatment processes induced relatively little production of reactive oxygen species. That stimulated cell self-repair and free radical scavenging and consequently resulted in cell proliferation with the cell lines tested. Oxygen-containing groups in the dissolved organics promoted cell proliferation and ROS removal. The atomic ratios and UV spectroscopy indices contributed mainly to the cell viability among the positive indicators. These results provide theoretical basis for managing the ecological risks posed by dissolved organics released from sewage treatment processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan He
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; Environmental Engineering and Science Program, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Nao Luo
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Bin Huang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control in Soils, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Bei Li
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Environmental Engineering and Science Program, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Zhixiang Xu
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xuejun Pan
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control in Soils, Kunming 650500, China.
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26
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17 beta-estradiol biodegradation by anaerobic granular sludge: Effect of iron sources. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7777. [PMID: 32385383 PMCID: PMC7210892 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64557-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Steroid estrogens, as typical endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), have raised an increasing concern due to their endocrine disrupting effects on aquatic animals and potential hazards on human health. Batch experiments were conducted to study 17 beta-estradiol (E2) removal and Estradiol Equivalent Quantity (EEQ) elimination by anaerobic granular sludge (AnGS) combined with different valence iron sources. Results showed that E2 was effectively biodegraded and transformed into E1 by AnGS. The addition of different valence iron sources all promoted E2 degradation, reduced E2 Equivalent Quotient (EEQ) concentration, and increased methane production in the batch experiments. The enhancement effect of zero-valent iron (ZVI) on E2 removal and EEQ elimination was stronger than that of Fe2+ and Fe3+ in our experiments. The enhancement effect proportion of ZVI corrosion, Fe2+, and Fe3+ in the process of E2 degradation by AnGS combined with ZVI were 42.26%, 40.21% and 17.53%, respectively.
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27
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Farounbi AI, Ngqwala NP. Occurrence of selected endocrine disrupting compounds in the eastern cape province of South Africa. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:17268-17279. [PMID: 32152855 PMCID: PMC7192885 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08082-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting compounds are attracting attention worldwide because of their effects on living things in the environment. Ten endocrine disrupting compounds: 4-nonylphenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol, estrone, 17β-estradiol, bisphenol A, 4-tert-octylphenol, triclosan, atrazine, imidazole and 1,2,4-triazole were investigated in four rivers and wastewater treatment plants in this study. Rivers were sampled at upstream, midstream and downstream reaches, while the influent and effluent samples of wastewater were collected from treatment plants near the receiving rivers. Sample waters were freeze-dried followed by extraction of the organic content and purification by solid-phase extraction. Concentrations of the compounds in the samples were determined with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The instrument was operated in the positive electrospray ionization (ESI) mode. The results showed that these compounds are present in the samples with nonylphenol > dichlorophenol > bisphenol A > triclosan > octylphenol > imidazole > atrazine > triazole > estrone > estradiol. Nonylphenol has its highest concentration of 6.72 μg/L in King Williams Town wastewater influent and 2.55 μg/L in midstream Bloukrans River. Dichlorophenol has its highest concentration in Alice wastewater influent with 2.20 μg/L, while it was 0.737 μg/L in midstream Bloukrans River. Uitenhage wastewater effluent has bisphenol A concentration of 1.684 μg/L while it was 0.477 μg/L in the downstream samples of the Bloukrans River. Generally, the upstream samples of the rivers had lesser concentrations of the compounds. The wastewater treatment plants were not able to achieve total removal of the compounds in the wastewater while runoffs and wastes dump from the cities contributed to the concentrations of the compounds in the rivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adebayo I. Farounbi
- Environmental Health and Biotechnology Research Group, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown, 6140 South Africa
| | - Nosiphiwe P. Ngqwala
- Environmental Health and Biotechnology Research Group, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown, 6140 South Africa
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28
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Jiang R, Liu J, Huang B, Wang X, Luan T, Yuan K. Assessment of the potential ecological risk of residual endocrine-disrupting chemicals from wastewater treatment plants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 714:136689. [PMID: 31978772 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Residual chemicals discharged from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and subsequent ecological risk are important in production safety when reuse of the effluent water occurs. Thus, this work provides an investigation of the occurrence and removal of dissolved Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in 38 WWTPs in Guangdong Province, China. The results indicate that EDCs are widely distributed in the investigated WWTPs, while nonylphenols (NPs) are the predominant chemical among the target EDCs, accounting for >98% of the concentration in the influent and >97% of the concentration in the effluent. Moreover, 4 main types of wastewater treatment processes (oxidation ditch, A2/O, conventional activated sludge and microaeration oxidation ditch followed by A2/O) were found to be inefficient for removing dissolved EDCs, with a mean removal rate of approximately 25%. The potential environmental risk was predicted for residual EDCs. Specifically, 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2) was considered to be the most hazardous chemical among the target EDCs, with a median risk quotient (RQ) of 8.94. In addition, β-estradiol (E2) and estrone (E1) have median RQs of 1.14 and 0.27, and NPs have median RQs of 0.61 (algae), 0.37 (inverberate) and 0.25 (fish), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruirun Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jiahui Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; State Key Lab of Bioresource and Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Bi Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; State Key Lab of Bioresource and Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Tiangang Luan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; State Key Lab of Bioresource and Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ke Yuan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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29
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Zhang K, Zhang ZH, Wang H, Wang XM, Zhang XH, Xie YF. Synergistic effects of combining ozonation, ceramic membrane filtration and biologically active carbon filtration for wastewater reclamation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 382:121091. [PMID: 31472465 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we proposed to apply an integrated process which is comprised of in situ ozonation, ceramic membrane filtration (CMF) and biologically active carbon (BAC) filtration to wastewater reclamation for indirect potable reuse purpose. A pilot-scale (20 m3/d) experiment had been run for ten months to validate the prospect of the process in terms of treatment performance and operational stability. Results showed that the in situ O3 + CMF + BAC process performed well in pollutant removal, with chemical oxygen demand, ammonia, nitrate nitrogen, total phosphorus and turbidity levels in the treated water being 5.1 ± 0.9, 0.05 ± 0.01, 10.5 ± 0.8, <0.06 mg/L, and <0.10 NTU, respectively. Most detected trace organic compounds were degraded by>96%. This study demonstrated that synergistic effects existed in the in situ O3 + CMF + BAC process. Compared to pre-ozonation, in situ ozonation in the membrane tank was more effective in controlling membrane fouling (maintaining operational stability) and in degrading organic pollutants, which could be attributed to the higher residual ozone concentration in the tank. Because of the removal of particulate matter by CMF, water head loss of the BAC filter increased slowly and prolonged the backwashing interval to 30 days. BAC filtration was also effective in removing ammonia and N-nitrosodimethylamine from the ozonated water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- Institute for Environmental Engineering & Nano-Technology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Guangdong, 518055, China; State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zheng-Hua Zhang
- Institute for Environmental Engineering & Nano-Technology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Beijing Drainage Group Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Xiao-Mao Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Xi-Hui Zhang
- Institute for Environmental Engineering & Nano-Technology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Guangdong, 518055, China; Shenzhen Environmental Science and New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Guangdong, 518055, China.
| | - Yuefeng F Xie
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Environmental Engineering Programs, Pennsylvania State University, Middletown, PA, 17057, USA
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30
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Removal of an Ethoxylated Alkylphenol by Adsorption on Zeolites and Photocatalysis with TiO2/Ag. Processes (Basel) 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/pr7120889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Two advanced removal methods (adsorption and photocatalysis) were compared for the elimination of an ethoxylated alkylphenol (nonylphenol polyethylene glycol, NPEG). For the adsorption process, zeolites were used in their natural state, and the process was characterized by DRX (X-ray diffraction) and SEM–EDS (Scanning electron microscopy). The analysis of the results of the adsorption kinetics was carried out using different isotherms to interpret the removal capacity of zeolites. The Temkin kinetic model better predicted the experimental data and was satisfactorily adjusted to models of pseudo-second order (PSO). On the other hand, for photocatalysis, nano-particles of Ag (silver) were deposited on titanium oxide (TiO2) Degussa-P25 by photo-deposition, and the catalyst was characterized by diffuse reflectance and SEM–EDS. The data obtained using the two removal techniques were analyzed by UV–Vis (ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry) and total organic carbon (TOC). The kinetic data were compared. The photocatalytic process showed the highest efficiency in the removal of NPEG, corresponding to >80%, while the efficiency of the adsorption process was <60%. This was attributed to the recalcitrant and surfactant nature of NPEG.
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Wang H, Liu ZH, Zhang J, Huang RP, Yin H, Dang Z, Wu PX, Liu Y. Insights into removal mechanisms of bisphenol A and its analogues in municipal wastewater treatment plants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 692:107-116. [PMID: 31344564 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence and removal mechanisms of bisphenol A (BPA) and its analogues in municipal WWTPs were critically reviewed in this article. BPA appeared to be the dominant bisphenol, and the removal efficiency of bisphenols was in the order of bisphenol AP>bisphenol P>bisphenol F>bisphenol Z>bisphenol C>bisphenol S>bisphenol B>BPA>bisphenol E>bisphenol AF. It was also found that BPA removal showed linear relationships to those of its analogues, which have been proven by BPA vs BPS or BPF. BPA removal performances in different treatment processes ranked from low to high are primary treatment, lagoon process, biological aerated filter, and activated sludge. Lab-scale studies showed that >50% BPA can be removed by sewage sludge estimated with the BPA solid water distribution coefficients, which showed that sludge adsorption played an important role on BPA removal. The theoretically predicted removal of BPA in municipal WWTP showed that it is readily biodegradable, which deviate from its on-site investigations. Existence of BPA conjugates in raw municipal wastewater as well as newly produced BPA degraded or migrated from microplastic materials are possible two main reasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Ze-Hua Liu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China; Key Lab Pollution Control & Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Cluster, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environment Risk Prevention and Emergency Disposal, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jun Zhang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Ri-Ping Huang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Hua Yin
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi Dang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Ping-Xiao Wu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Center, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, CleanTech one, 637141, Singapore; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
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Shen X, Chang H, Shao B, Sun F, Wu F. Occurrence and mass balance of sixty-two progestins in a municipal sewage treatment plant. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 165:114991. [PMID: 31442757 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.114991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Progestins (PGs) are a group of steroid hormones known to have endocrine-disrupting effects. These compounds can enter the aquatic environment via the discharge of treated or untreated wastewater and the disposal of sludge from sewage treatment plants (STPs); thus, their removal in STPs are of great importance. The present study simultaneously investigated the occurrences and fates of 62 PGs in a municipal STP in Beijing, China. Progesterone (P) and its metabolites were found to be the predominant compounds, with total dissolved concentrations of 1866 ng/L in the influent. About 11 P metabolites were newly detected, accounting for 25-55% and 75-91% of the total concentrations in wastewater and sludge, respectively. For the other three groups of PGs derived from different parent compounds, P derivatives were first detected in the STP with the highest concentration in the wastewater and sludge, followed by 19-nortestosterone (NT) derivatives and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone (17α-OHP) derivatives. The removal efficiencies in the dissolved phase of wastewater were relatively high for P and its metabolites (95-99%) and P derivatives (91-99%). And the relative persistence of NT (68-99%) and 17α-OHP derivatives (79-99%) was observed during the wastewater treatment processes. Mass balance analysis showed that the lost mass proportions were as high as 41-99%, the mass fractions in sludge were in the range of 0-55%, and 0.24-25% of the initial mass loadings was present in the effluent. These results indicated that biodegradation was the major removal mechanism of PGs in the STP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Shen
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Sciences & Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hong Chang
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Sciences & Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Bing Shao
- Beijing Key Lab Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Diseases Prevention and Control, Beijing, 100013, China
| | - Fuhong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Fengchang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
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Hu Y, Zhu Q, Yan X, Liao C, Jiang G. Occurrence, fate and risk assessment of BPA and its substituents in wastewater treatment plant: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 178:108732. [PMID: 31541806 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Several bisphenol analogues (BPs) are gradually replacing bisphenol A (BPA) in many fields, following strict restrictions on the production and use of BPA. The presence of micropollutants in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) may pose risks to the aquatic ecosystem and human health. In this review, we outlined the occurrence and fate of BPs in WWTPs, and estimated their potential risks to the aquatic ecosystem. BPA is still the most predominant bisphenol analogue in WWTPs with high detection rate and concentration, followed by bisphenol S (BPS) and F (BPF). Biodegradation and adsorption are the main removal pathways for removal of BPs in WWTPs. The secondary (activated sludge process, biological aerated filter, and membrane bioreactor) and advanced (membrane technique, ultraviolet disinfection, adsorption process, and ozonation) treatment processes show high removal efficiency for BPs, which are influenced by many factors such as sludge retention time and redox conditions. BPs other than BPA (assessed in this review) in effluent of WWTPs have low risks to Daphnia magna and early life stages on medaka, while BPA shows a medium or high risk under certain conditions. Knowledge gaps have been identified and future line of research on this class of chemicals in WWTPs is recommended. More data are needed to illustrate the occurrence and fate of BPs in WWTPs. Environmental risks of BPs other than BPA initiating from wastewater discharge to aquatic organisms remain largely unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qingqing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xueting Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chunyang Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430056, China.
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Zhao X, Grimes KL, Colosi LM, Lung WS. Attenuation, transport, and management of estrogens: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 230:462-478. [PMID: 31121510 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Overabundance of endocrine disruptors (EDs), such as steroid estrogens, in the natural environment disrupts hormone synthesis in aquatic organisms. Livestock and wastewater outflows contribute measurable quantities of steroid estrogens into the environment where they are picked up and transported via surface runoff and feedlot effluents into water matrices. E1, E2β, E2α, E3 and EE2 are the most prevalent estrogens in these environmental systems. Estrogens in soils and water undergo several concurrent attenuation processes including sorption to particles, biotransformation, photo-transformation, and plant uptake. This review summarizes current studies on the attenuation and transport of steroid estrogens with a focus on estrogen attenuation and transport modeling. The authors use this information to synthesize appropriate strategies for reducing estrogenicity in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Zhao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
| | - Kassandra L Grimes
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Lisa M Colosi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Wu-Seng Lung
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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Yu Q, Geng J, Zong X, Zhang Y, Xu K, Hu H, Deng Y, Zhao F, Ren H. Occurrence and removal of progestagens in municipal wastewater treatment plants from different regions in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 668:1191-1199. [PMID: 31018459 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Progestagens discharged from municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have increasingly gained attention due to their potential risks to the aquatic organisms. However, limited information is available on the occurrence and removal of various progestagens in WWTPs in different cities of China. This work investigated the occurrence and removal of 11 progestagens in 21 WWTPs from 19 Chinese cities. Results showed that progestagens are widely distributed in the investigated WWTPs, with higher influent concentrations of total progestagens in northern WWTPs. The concentration of progestagens in WWTP influent were closely correlated with influent quality, service population and daily service volume of the WWTPs. Additionally, progesterone (PGT) and dydrogesterone (DDT) were two predominant progestagens in influent, effluent and excess sludge. Up to 5 of 11 progestagens showed high aqueous removal efficiencies (median removal efficiency >90%), whereas megestrol acetate (MTA), chlormadinone acetate (CMA), drospirenone (DSP) and levonorgestrel (LNG) had a removal efficiency of below 50%. Specially, the behaviors of progestagens along the anaerobic-anoxic-oxic of a WWTP were further explored and the aerobic tank is the main contributor to the removal of progestagens. Finally, in the effluent of these 21 WWTPs, daily mass loadings of the total progestagens ranged from 0.51 to 10.4 g d-1. Notably, LNG exhibited high potential risk to the fish base on risk quotient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingmiao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jinju Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xueying Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Ke Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Haidong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yongfeng Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Fuzheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Hongqiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China.
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Zhang F, Yu Q, Yang L. Watershed scale patterns in steroid hormones composition and content characters at a typical eutrophic lake in southeastern China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:6107-6115. [PMID: 30617890 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-04120-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Natural steroid hormones in the aquatic environment have attracted increasing attention because of their strong endocrine disrupting potency. Seven steroid hormones (estrone, 17α-estradiol, 17β-estradiol, estriol, testosterone, androstenedione, and progesterone) were analyzed from surface water and sediment sampled from Chaohu Lake, its upstream rivers (the Hangbu River, Nanfei River, Shiwuli River, and Pai River), drainage from the adjacent farmland, and treated and untreated municipal sewage. Concentrations of the seven target steroid hormones ranged from below the detection limit (ND) to 69.5 ng L-1 in the water of Chaohu Lake and the upstream rivers. Three steroids-estrone, estriol, and 17α-estradiol-were found in relatively high residual concentrations in the water, with maximum concentrations of 69.5 ng L-1, 51.5 ng L-1, and 23.3 ng L-1, respectively. All of the target steroid hormones except estriol were detected in the sediment in concentrations of ND-16344 ng kg-1. The dominant steroid hormone in the sediment of Chaohu Lake and the upstream rivers was 17α-estradiol. In the Shiwuli River and the Pai River, the dominant steroid hormones (estrone and estriol) were the same as those in the untreated municipal sewage. This confirmed the deduction that untreated municipal sewage was the major source of steroid hormone residues in these two rivers. The main steroid hormone in the water of the Hangbu River and Chaohu Lake was 17α-estradiol, the same as that in the farmland drainage. In addition, 17α-estradiol was verified as the major factor in the contribution of farmland drainage to the pollution in these rivers. The water in the Nanfei River had high concentrations of estriol and 17α-estradiol. This indicates that both untreated municipal sewage and farmland drainage were the major sources. The discharge of steroid hormones from the four rivers to Chaohu Lake was approximately 75.1 kg year-1, with the highest contributor being 17α-estradiol (24 kg year-1). Therefore, based on the results of this study, the farmland drainage should be controlled to reduce the steroid hormone pollution in Chaohu Lake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengsong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Qibiao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Linsheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
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Yien Fang T, Praveena SM, Aris AZ, Syed Ismail SN, Rasdi I. Quantification of selected steroid hormones (17β-Estradiol and 17α-Ethynylestradiol) in wastewater treatment plants in Klang Valley (Malaysia). CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 215:153-162. [PMID: 30316157 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Steroid estrogens, such as 17β-estradiol (E2) and 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2) are potent and were categorized as "Watch List" in Directive 2013/39/EU because of their potential risks to aquatic environment. Commercialized enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits have been used to quantify steroid estrogens in wastewater samples due to their simplicity, rapid, cost-effectiveness, and validated assays. Hence, this study aims to determine the occurrence and removal of steroid hormones in Malaysian wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) by ELISA, to identify the association of removal efficiency (E2 and EE2) with respect to WWTPs operating conditions, and to assess the potential risks of steroid estrogens to aquatic environment and human. Results showed E2 concentration ranged from 88.2 ± 7.0 ng/L to 93.9 ± 6.9 ng/L in influent and 35.1 ± 17.3 ng/L to 85.2 ± 7.6 ng/L in effluent, with removal of 6.4%-63.0%. The EE2 concentration ranged from 0.2 ± 0.2 ng/L to 4.9 ± 6.3 ng/L in influent and 0.02 ± 0.03 ng/L to 1.0 ± 0.8 ng/L in effluent, with removal of 28.3-99.3%. There is a correlation between EE2 removal with total suspended solid (TSS) and oxidation reduction potential (ORP), and was statistically significant. Despite the calculated estrogenic activity for E2 and EE2 was relatively high, dilution effects could lower estrogenic response to aquatic environment. Besides, these six selected WWTPs have cumulative RQ values below the allowable limit, except WWTP 1. Relatively high precipitation (129-218 mm) could further dilute estrogens concentration in the receiving river. These outputs can be used as quantitative information for evaluating the occurrence and removal of steroid estrogens in Malaysian WWTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yien Fang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Sarva Mangala Praveena
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Ahmad Zaharin Aris
- Environmental Forensics Research Centre, Faculty of Environmental Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Sharifah Norkhadijah Syed Ismail
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Irniza Rasdi
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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Martín-Pozo L, de Alarcón-Gómez B, Rodríguez-Gómez R, García-Córcoles MT, Çipa M, Zafra-Gómez A. Analytical methods for the determination of emerging contaminants in sewage sludge samples. A review. Talanta 2019; 192:508-533. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.09.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Yarahmadi H, Duy SV, Hachad M, Dorner S, Sauvé S, Prévost M. Seasonal variations of steroid hormones released by wastewater treatment plants to river water and sediments: Distribution between particulate and dissolved phases. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 635:144-155. [PMID: 29660718 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Extensive environmental monitoring was conducted in an urban river impacted by multiple combined sewer overflows (CSOs) and wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) discharge points. Temporal and spatial distributions of dissolved and particulate steroids (progesterone (Prog), testosterone (Testo), medroxyprogesterone (MDRXY-Prog), levonorgestrel (Levo), norethindrone (Nore), estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), estriol (E3), and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2)) were investigated in sewage, WWTP effluents, receiving river water and sediments, and in drinking water plant (DWP) intakes. Steroids were detected in both dissolved and particulate phases with mean concentrations from 21ngL-1 to 389ngL-1 in raw sewage and from 10ngL-1 to 296ngL-1 in treated wastewater. The particle-associated steroids represented 0-82% of their total concentration as some steroids like E1 and E3 were detected only in the dissolved phase while MDRXY-Prog (81%), Nore (71%), and EE2 (>75%) were primarily detected in the particulate phase. Particle-associated steroids were detected in spring samples from river water with mean concentrations ranging from 5.4ngL-1 to 35.7ngL-1 compare to 3ngL-1 to 6.8ngL-1 in summer samples. Levels of particle-associated Testo, Nore, E2 and Levo in DWP intakes (406.2-13,149.1ngg-1) were similar to those found in raw sewage (336.6-7628.8ngg-1), indicating their persistence in the suspended phase from discharge points. Total steroids measured in sediments were in the range of 7-1213ngg-1, 5-25ngg-1, and 22-226ngg-1 in autumn, spring, and summer, respectively. Our findings confirm the presence and seasonal variation of a mixture of particle-associated steroids in drinking water sources. The presence of high concentrations of a mixture of particle-associated steroids in DWP intakes highlight the need for highly effective particle-removal processes to eliminate these recalcitrant compounds during drinking water production. Finally, the detected concentrations raise concerns about their potential environmental effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadis Yarahmadi
- Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering Department, Polytechnique de Montréal, CP 6079, succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3A7, Canada.
| | - Sung Vo Duy
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, succ, Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Mounia Hachad
- Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering Department, Polytechnique de Montréal, CP 6079, succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3A7, Canada
| | - Sarah Dorner
- Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering Department, Polytechnique de Montréal, CP 6079, succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3A7, Canada; Canada Research Chair in Microbial Contaminant Dynamics in Source Waters, Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering Department, Polytechnique de Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sébastien Sauvé
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, succ, Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Michèle Prévost
- Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering Department, Polytechnique de Montréal, CP 6079, succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3A7, Canada; NSERC Industrial Chair on Drinking Water, Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering Department, Polytechnique de Montréal, QC, Canada
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Air-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction integrated with QuEChERS for determining endocrine-disrupting compounds in fish by high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2018; 260:174-182. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Koumaki E, Mamais D, Noutsopoulos C. Assessment of the environmental fate of endocrine disrupting chemicals in rivers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 628-629:947-958. [PMID: 30045583 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Laboratory tests were conducted with five endocrine disruptors (bishenol A, triclosan. nonylphenol, nonylphenol monoethoxylate and nonylphenol diethoxylate) under different redox conditions (aerobic, anoxic, anaerobic and sulfate-reducing conditions) to assess abiotic and biotic degradation in a river water/sediment system. The river water sample was collected from Spercheios River while the sediment was collected from the banks of a tributary of the river at the point where the discharge point of a wastewater treatment plant is located. To describe quantitatively elimination kinetics of the target compounds, pseudo first-order kinetics were adopted. According to the results from the microcosms studies, it can be stated that the substances are eliminated from the aqueous phase with relatively high rates under aerobic conditions due to both sorption and biotransformation processes. However, when reduced oxygen conditions were established in the microcosms incubations, biotransformation decreased, indicating the almost complete cease of the EDCs microbial degradation, while substances' sorption onto sediments showed no significant differences. All compounds were found to be biodegradable under aerobic conditions, and the low to high order of the calculated dissipation rate constants was 0.064±0.004d-1 (TCS)→0.067±0.006d-1 (NP)→0.076±0.009d-1 (NP2EO)→0.081±0.007d-1 (NP1EO)→0.103±0.011d-1 (BPA). Finally, regarding the biotransformation experiments, the elimination of the compounds limited in the absence of oxygen as compared to aerobic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Koumaki
- Sanitary Engineering Laboratory, Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 5 Iroon Polytechniou, Zografou, 15780, Athens, Greece.
| | - Daniel Mamais
- Sanitary Engineering Laboratory, Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 5 Iroon Polytechniou, Zografou, 15780, Athens, Greece
| | - Constantinos Noutsopoulos
- Sanitary Engineering Laboratory, Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 5 Iroon Polytechniou, Zografou, 15780, Athens, Greece
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Zhang JN, Ying GG, Yang YY, Liu WR, Liu SS, Chen J, Liu YS, Zhao JL, Zhang QQ. Occurrence, fate and risk assessment of androgens in ten wastewater treatment plants and receiving rivers of South China. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 201:644-654. [PMID: 29547853 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.02.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Androgens are one class of steroids that could cause endocrine disrupting effects in aquatic organisms. However, little information is available about androgens in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) with different treatment technologies. Here we investigated the occurrence, removal, and fate of fourteen natural and synthetic androgens in ten WWTPs of Guangdong province, south China. The results showed detection of ten androgens in the influents of the ten WWTPs, with concentrations up to 4650 ng/L (androsta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione). But only three androgens androsta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione, 4-androstene-3,17-dione and 17β-boldenone were detected in the final effluents of the ten WWTPs, while six androgens androsta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione (N.D. to 43.0 ng/g), 4-androstene-3,17-dione (2.06-42.7 ng/g), epi-androsterone (N.D. to 506 ng/g), testosterone (0.29-4.24 ng/g), 17β-boldenone (N.D. to 2.05 ng/g) and methyl testosterone (N.D. to 0.70 ng/g) were found in activated sludge. The aqueous phase removal rates for most androgens in the WWTPs exceeded 95% except for 4-androstene-3,17-dione with its removal rates varying between 79.5% and 100%. The removal of androgens in the WWTPs could be attributed mainly to biodegradation while removal by precipitation, volatilization, sludge absorption and oxidation was very limited. Eight androgens were also found in five receiving rivers. The risk quotients of some androgens (androsta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione, 4-androstene-3,17-dione, methyl testosterone, 17α-trenbolone) exceeded 1 in the receiving rivers, showing high risks to aquatic organisms. Further studies are needed to understand the origin of these high risk androgens and ecological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Na Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guang-Guo Ying
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; The Environmental Research Institute, MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Yuan-Yuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Wang-Rong Liu
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection of PRC, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Shuang-Shuang Liu
- Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jun Chen
- The Environmental Research Institute, MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - You-Sheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jian-Liang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Qian-Qian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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Cheng JR, Wang K, Yu J, Yu ZX, Yu XB, Zhang ZZ. Distribution and fate modeling of 4-nonylphenol, 4-t-octylphenol, and bisphenol A in the Yong River of China. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 195:594-605. [PMID: 29278849 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.12.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the concentrations of 4-nonylphenol (4-NP), 4-tert-octylphenol (4-t-OP), and bisphenol A (BPA) in the water column of the Yong River were investigated and found to be in the range of 140-3948, 6-828, and 15-1415 ng L-1, respectively. A fate and transport model coupled with the Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program (WASP) was developed. After model calibration and validation, the distributions of 4-NP, 4-t-OP, and BPA in the Yong River were modeled for the duration of 2015. The total contaminant loads from the upstream boundary, four tributaries and two wastewater treatment plants were determined to be 2318 kg yr-1 for 4-NP, 506 kg yr-1 for 4-t-OP, and 970 kg yr-1 for BPA. Both measured and modeled results reported higher concentrations of the selected contaminants near river confluences and at the outfalls of the wastewater treatment plants. Peak concentrations were found to always appear in months with relatively reduced precipitation. The influences of adsorption and degradation on the dissolved concentrations of the selected chemicals were also modeled. The combined effects of adsorption and degradation were found to reduce dissolved concentrations of 4-NP, 4-t-OP, and BPA by 17.9%, 30.7%, and 12.1%, respectively. Adsorption was shown to reduce 4-NP concentrations in the Yong River more than degradation. Conversely, adsorption and degradation caused almost equal reductions in the dissolved concentrations of 4-t-OP and degradation caused larger decreases than adsorption in the dissolved concentrations of BPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Rui Cheng
- Faculty of Architectural Engineering, Civil Engineering and Environment, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Kan Wang
- Faculty of Architectural Engineering, Civil Engineering and Environment, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, 315211, China.
| | - Jie Yu
- Faculty of Architectural Engineering, Civil Engineering and Environment, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Zhen-Xun Yu
- Faculty of Architectural Engineering, Civil Engineering and Environment, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Xu-Biao Yu
- Faculty of Architectural Engineering, Civil Engineering and Environment, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Zhao-Zhao Zhang
- Faculty of Architectural Engineering, Civil Engineering and Environment, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, 315211, China
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Wangmo C, Jarque S, Hilscherová K, Bláha L, Bittner M. In vitro assessment of sex steroids and related compounds in water and sediments - a critical review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2018; 20:270-287. [PMID: 29251308 DOI: 10.1039/c7em00458c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Detection of endocrine disrupting compounds in water and sediment samples has gained much importance since the evidence of their effects was reported in aquatic ecosystems in the 1990s. The aim of this review is to highlight the advances made in the field of in vitro analysis for the detection of hormonally active compounds with estrogenic, androgenic and progestogenic effects in water and sediment samples. In vitro assays have been developed from yeast, mammalian and in a few cases from fish cells. These assays are based either on the hormone-mediated proliferation of sensitive cell lines or on the hormone-mediated expression of reporter genes. In vitro assays in combination with various sample enrichment methods have been used with limits of detection as low as 0.0027 ng L-1 in water, and 0.0026 ng g-1 in sediments for estrogenicity, 0.1 ng L-1 in water, and 0.5 ng g-1 in sediments for androgenicity, and 5 ng L-1 in water for progestogenicity expressed as equivalent concentrations of standard reference compounds of 17β-estradiol, dihydrotestosterone and progesterone, respectively. The experimental results and limits of quantification, however, are influenced by the methods of sample collection, preparation, and individual laboratory practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chimi Wangmo
- Masaryk University, Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment - RECETOX, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Ben W, Zhu B, Yuan X, Zhang Y, Yang M, Qiang Z. Transformation and fate of natural estrogens and their conjugates in wastewater treatment plants: Influence of operational parameters and removal pathways. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 124:244-250. [PMID: 28763640 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.07.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Natural estrogens (NEs) discharged from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have drawn great attention because of their potential risks to aquatic ecosystems. However, neglect of the conjugated natural estrogens (C-NEs) has caused large discrepancies among different studies on the removal of NEs in WWTPs. The present work investigated the transformation and fate of three NEs and six corresponding C-NEs along wastewater treatment processes. The removal efficiencies of the target estrogens (i.e., NEs and C-NEs) and their correlations with the operational parameters were determined over a twelve-month monitoring period at a typical WWTP adopting a combined bio-treatment process (i.e., anaerobic/anoxic/oxic process followed by a moving-bed biofilm reactor). The concentration variations of the target estrogens along the treatment processes were examined to differentiate the transformation and fate of NEs and C-NEs. Moreover, lab-scale experiments were conducted to clarify the removal pathways of C-NEs in the bio-treatment process. Results indicate that both NEs and C-NEs could pass through the treatment processes, thus being frequently detected in the effluent and excess sludge. The aqueous removal efficiencies of NEs and C-NEs were significantly correlated with the sludge retention time and temperature, respectively. C-NEs were more persistent than NEs, so considerably high conjugated ratios (13.5-100.0%) were detected in the effluent. Sulfate conjugates presented a lower adsorption affinity to sludge and a slower hydrolysis rate than glucuronide conjugates, which makes the former more recalcitrant to biodegradation. This study highlights the challenge on the elimination of NEs, particularly their conjugates, by wastewater treatment processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Ben
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuang-qing Road, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Bing Zhu
- Beijing Enterprises Water Group of China Co., Ltd., 101 Baiziwan, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xiangjuan Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuang-qing Road, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuang-qing Road, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Min Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuang-qing Road, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Zhimin Qiang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuang-qing Road, Beijing 100085, China.
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46
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Liang YQ, Huang GY, Zhao JL, Shi WJ, Hu LX, Tian F, Liu SS, Jiang YX, Ying GG. Transcriptional alterations induced by binary mixtures of ethinylestradiol and norgestrel during the early development of zebrafish (Danio rerio). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 195:60-67. [PMID: 28219785 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic estrogens and progestins are commonly used in human and veterinary medicine. After use, they reach aquatic environments via discharge of wastewaters from human and animals, thus posing potential risks to organisms. So far, very little is known about their combined effects in aquatic organisms. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of binary mixtures of ethinylestradiol (EE2) and norgestrel (NGT) on embryonic zebrafish (Danio rerio) by measuring transcriptional alterations. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to EE2 and NGT alone or in combination at concentrations between 36 and 5513ngL-1 for 96h post-fertilization (hpf). The results showed that most of gene transcriptions of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (e.g., Pgr, Mprα, Esr1, Esr2a, Vtg1, Ar, Cyp11b, Star, Gnrh3 and Fshb) and circadian rhythm signaling (e.g., Cry1a, Cry2a, Cry2b, Per3, Arntl1b, Arntl2, Clock1a, Cry3 and Cry4) displayed most pronounced alterations in the mixtures as compared to single EE2 and NGT exposures. This finding suggests exposure to the binary mixtures of EE2 and NGT produced significantly enhanced effects in fish as compared to single chemical exposures, and their coexistence could have significant environmental implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Qiu Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, CAS Research Centre of PRD Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; College of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, PR China
| | - Guo-Yong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, CAS Research Centre of PRD Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Jian-Liang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, CAS Research Centre of PRD Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Wen-Jun Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, CAS Research Centre of PRD Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Li-Xin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, CAS Research Centre of PRD Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Fei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, CAS Research Centre of PRD Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Shuang-Shuang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, CAS Research Centre of PRD Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Yu-Xia Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, CAS Research Centre of PRD Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Guang-Guo Ying
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, CAS Research Centre of PRD Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; The Environmental Research Institute, MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
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47
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Ting YF, Praveena SM. Sources, mechanisms, and fate of steroid estrogens in wastewater treatment plants: a mini review. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2017; 189:178. [PMID: 28342046 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-017-5890-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Steroid estrogens, such as estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), estriol (E3), and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), are natural and synthetic hormones released into the environment through incomplete sewage discharge. This review focuses on the sources of steroid estrogens in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The mechanisms and fate of steroid estrogens throughout the entire wastewater treatment system are also discussed, and relevant information on regulatory aspects is given. Municipal, pharmaceutical industry, and hospitals are the main sources of steroid estrogens that enter WWTPs. A typical WWTP comprises primary, secondary, and tertiary treatment units. Sorption and biodegradation are the main mechanisms for removal of steroid estrogens from WWTPs. The fate of steroid estrogens in WWTPs depends on the types of wastewater treatment systems. Steroid estrogens in the primary treatment unit are removed by sorption onto primary sludge, followed by sorption onto micro-flocs and biodegradation by microbes in the secondary treatment unit. Tertiary treatment employs nitrification, chlorination, or UV disinfection to improve the quality of the secondary effluent. Activated sludge treatment systems for steroid estrogens exhibit a removal efficiency of up to 100%, which is higher than that of the trickling filter treatment system (up to 75%). Moreover, the removal efficiency of advance treatment systems exceeds 90%. Regulatory aspects related to steroid estrogens are established, especially in the European Union. Japan is the only Asian country that implements a screening program and is actively involved in endocrine disruptor testing and assessment. This review improves our understanding of steroid estrogens in WWTPs, proposes main areas to be improved, and provides current knowledge on steroid estrogens in WWTPs for sustainable development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yien Fang Ting
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty Of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Sarva Mangala Praveena
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty Of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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48
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Fang TY, Praveena SM, deBurbure C, Aris AZ, Ismail SNS, Rasdi I. Analytical techniques for steroid estrogens in water samples - A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 165:358-368. [PMID: 27665296 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.09.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, environmental concerns over ultra-trace levels of steroid estrogens concentrations in water samples have increased because of their adverse effects on human and animal life. Special attention to the analytical techniques used to quantify steroid estrogens in water samples is therefore increasingly important. The objective of this review was to present an overview of both instrumental and non-instrumental analytical techniques available for the determination of steroid estrogens in water samples, evidencing their respective potential advantages and limitations using the Need, Approach, Benefit, and Competition (NABC) approach. The analytical techniques highlighted in this review were instrumental and non-instrumental analytical techniques namely gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS), liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS), enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA), radio immuno assay (RIA), yeast estrogen screen (YES) assay, and human breast cancer cell line proliferation (E-screen) assay. The complexity of water samples and their low estrogenic concentrations necessitates the use of highly sensitive instrumental analytical techniques (GC-MS and LC-MS) and non-instrumental analytical techniques (ELISA, RIA, YES assay and E-screen assay) to quantify steroid estrogens. Both instrumental and non-instrumental analytical techniques have their own advantages and limitations. However, the non-instrumental ELISA analytical techniques, thanks to its lower detection limit and simplicity, its rapidity and cost-effectiveness, currently appears to be the most reliable for determining steroid estrogens in water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yien Fang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Sarva Mangala Praveena
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Claire deBurbure
- Université 1B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Université catholique de Louvain, Belgium.
| | - Ahmad Zaharin Aris
- Environmental Forensics Research Centre, Faculty of Environmental Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Sharifah Norkhadijah Syed Ismail
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Irniza Rasdi
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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Xu G, Ma S, Tang L, Sun R, Xiang J, Xu B, Bao Y, Wu M. Occurrence, fate, and risk assessment of selected endocrine disrupting chemicals in wastewater treatment plants and receiving river of Shanghai, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:25442-25450. [PMID: 27699660 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7669-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence and fate of five endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), including nonylphenol (NP), 4-tert-octylphenol (4-t-OP), 4-tert-butylphenol (4-t-BP), bisphenol A (BPA) and norethindrone (NET) was investigated in four wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and receiving river (Suzhou River and Yangtze River) of Shanghai. Selected EDCs in WWTPs influents ranged from 1.02 to 3560 ng L-1, which dominated by NP and BPA. Target compounds detected in effluents were from N.D. to 1136 ng L-1, with NP as most prevalent. The removal rates of target compounds varied from negative of NET to 99 % of BPA. Except of NET, efficiently removal rates (>70 %) were observed in WWTPs. Biological treatment was the major removal stage of selected EDCs in WWTPs. Furthermore, the selected EDCs were detected from N.D. to 424 ng L-1 in receiving river. The correlation analysis suggested EDCs pollution in receiving river might be mainly contributed by WWTPs effluents. The risk quotient of NP (RQ > 1) was higher than any other pollutants, indicating its relatively higher potential risk for the aquatic organism. These results will provide significant background data to future EDCs pollution control and management in Shanghai, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Xu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shangda Road 99, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| | - Sihan Ma
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shangda Road 99, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Liang Tang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shangda Road 99, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Rui Sun
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shangda Road 99, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Jiajia Xiang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shangda Road 99, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Bentuo Xu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shangda Road 99, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yangyang Bao
- Shanghai Pudong New Area Environmental Monitoring Station, Shanghai, China
| | - Minghong Wu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shangda Road 99, Shanghai, 200444, China.
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50
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Gu L, Huang B, Xu Z, Ma X, Pan X. Dissolved organic matter as a terminal electron acceptor in the microbial oxidation of steroid estrogen. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 218:26-33. [PMID: 27543904 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Steroid estrogen in natural waters may be biodegraded by quinone-reducing bacteria, dissolved organic matter (DOM) may serve as a terminal electron acceptor in this process. The influence of temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen and light illumination on the reduction efficiency of anthraquinone-2-disulfonate (AQS) was investigated using 17β-estradiol (E2) as the target species. The optimum reduction conditions were found to be in the dark under anaerobic conditions at pH 8.0 and 30 °C. Quinone-reducing bacteria can use the quinone structure of DOM components as a terminal electron acceptor coupling with microbial growth to promote biodegradation. Compared with other DOM models, AQS best stimulated E2 biodegradation and the mediating effect was improved as the AQS concentration increased from 0 to 0.5 mM. However, further increase had an inhibiting effect. Natural DOM containing lake humic acid (LHA) and lake fulvic acid (LFA) had a very important accelerating effect on the degradation of E2, the action mechanism of which was consistent with that defined using DOM models. The natural DOM contained more aromatic compounds, demonstrating their greater electron-accepting capacity and generally more effective support for microorganism growth and E2 oxidation than Aldrich humic acid (HA). These results provide a more comprehensive understanding of microbial degradation of steroid estrogens in anaerobic environments and confirm DOM as an important terminal electron acceptor in pollutant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lipeng Gu
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, PR China
| | - Bin Huang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, PR China.
| | - Zhixiang Xu
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Ma
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, PR China
| | - Xuejun Pan
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, PR China
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