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Requena-Castro R, Aguilera-Arreola MG, Martínez-Vázquez AV, Cruz-Pulido WL, Rivera G, Bocanegra-García V. Antimicrobial resistance, virulence genes, and ESBL (Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase) production analysis in E. coli strains from the Rio Grande/Rio Bravo River in Tamaulipas, Mexico. Braz J Microbiol 2024; 55:2401-2409. [PMID: 38755407 PMCID: PMC11405568 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01376-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The Rio Grande/Rio Bravo River is used as a major water supply for diverse recreational, household, and industrial activities in Northeast Tamaulipas, Mexico, and South Texas. In this study, we sampled surface water from 38 sites along Rio Grande/Rio Bravo River (Díaz Ordaz, Reynosa and Matamoros). We isolated 105 E. coli strains that were molecularly and phenotypically characterized. The percentage of virulence genes detected in E. coli were: hlyA (15.23%), stx2 (11.42%), stx1 (9.52%), bfp (0.95%), and eae (0.0) and combinations of stx1/stx2 (2.85%), stx2/hlyA (1.90%), stx1/bfp (0.95%) and stx2/bfp (0.95%) were detected in these strains. Resistance to more than one antibiotic was detected in 85.71%, and 5.71% of strains were extended-spectrum β-lactamase-E. coli (ESBL-EC). These results indicate the presence of potentially pathogenic E. coli strains in the Rio Grande/Rio Bravo River; therefore, it can be considered a reservoir of pathogenic strains and represents a health risk for the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Requena-Castro
- Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Boulevard del Maestro S/N Esq. Elías Piña, Colonia Narciso Mendoza. Reynosa, 88710, Tamaulipas, C.P, Mexico
| | | | - Ana Verónica Martínez-Vázquez
- Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Boulevard del Maestro S/N Esq. Elías Piña, Colonia Narciso Mendoza. Reynosa, 88710, Tamaulipas, C.P, Mexico
| | | | - Gildardo Rivera
- Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Boulevard del Maestro S/N Esq. Elías Piña, Colonia Narciso Mendoza. Reynosa, 88710, Tamaulipas, C.P, Mexico
| | - Virgilio Bocanegra-García
- Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Boulevard del Maestro S/N Esq. Elías Piña, Colonia Narciso Mendoza. Reynosa, 88710, Tamaulipas, C.P, Mexico.
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Boominathan M, Thillaichidambaram M, Reneese JA, Narayanan K, Sivaramapillai M, Ramaiyan S. Detection of Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli in wastewaters of Madurai, India. Microb Pathog 2024; 196:106904. [PMID: 39208962 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine the presence of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli with extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)s property from treated wastewater effluents. Treated effluent samples were collected from two major water treatment plants which located at Avaniyapuram and Sakkimangalam, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India. Among the 51 isolates, 56.86 % represented E. coli (18 from Avaniyapuram and 11 from Sakkimangalam) and 43.14 % were K. pneumoniae (7 from Avaniyapuram and 15 from Sakkimangalam). Based on the ESBL propensity, E. coli was overrepresented in the present study. All the isolates turned positive for ESBL, while 5.88 % of K. pneumoniae and 7.84 % of E. coli were positive for carbapenemases. Further, K. pneumoniae isolates from both sites showed 100 % resistance to beta-lactams, with resistance to other antibiotics such as tetracycline and meropenem. E. coli isolates were 100 % resistant to ceftazidime and cefuroxime, and 88.9 % were resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanate and ceftriaxone. The MAR indices observed in the present study for E. coli and K. pneumoniae were above the threshold value of 0.2 suggested a high risk of environmental contamination. These findings highlighted the need for routine surveillance at appropriate intervals for the presence of ESBL producing pathogens and other MDR pathogens in the environment to provide proper clinical management, develop various counter measures and policies to address and halt the spread of such potential threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meganathan Boominathan
- Department of Animal Behaviour & Physiology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Joseph Antony Reneese
- Department of Animal Behaviour & Physiology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Muthukumar Sivaramapillai
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM Arts and Science College, Tankular, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sankar Ramaiyan
- Department of Animal Behaviour & Physiology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625021, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Adekanmbi AO, Rabiu AG, Ajose DJ, Akinlabi OC, Bolarinwa KA, Farinu EP, Olaposi AV, Adeyemi AO. Solid waste dumpsite leachate and contiguous surface water contain multidrug-resistant ESBL-producing Escherichia coli carrying Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) genes. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:308. [PMID: 39164664 PMCID: PMC11334489 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03444-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Dumpsites generate leachates containing bacteria that may carry antibiotic resistance genes, such as extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL). However, the contribution of dumpsite leachates in the environmental spread of ESBL genes has not been investigated in greater detail. This study aimed to quantify the impact of Ajakanga dumpsite leachate on the spread of ESBL genes through surface water. The susceptibility of Escherichia coli isolated from dumpsite leachate and the accompanying surface water to selected antibiotics was assessed by the standardized disc diffusion method. The isolates were evaluated for phenotypic ESBL production using the double disc synergy test (DDST). The detection of ESBL genes in the isolates was carried out using a primer-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Escherichia coli isolates from leachate (n = 26/32) and surface water (n = 9/12) expressed ESBL phenotype. The ESBL-producing isolates showed the highest level of resistance to the 3rd generation cephalosporin antibiotics: cefotaxime (100%), cefpodoxime (97%), ceftazidime (97%), with low resistance observed to imipenem (6%) and azithromycin (3%). All the isolates were multidrug-resistant, showing resistance to three or more classes of antibiotics. All the ESBL-producing E. coli obtained carried blaCTX-M, 21/35 (60%) carried blaTEM while none of the isolates bore blaSHV. This study found that ESBL-producing Escherichia coli from dumpsite leachate and nearby surface water had identical resistance signatures indicating the relatedness of the isolates, and that dumpsite leachate could contribute to the transfer of ESBL-producing bacteria and their genes to receiving surface water. This study has necessitated the need for a review of the guidelines and operational procedures of dumpsites to forestall a potential public health challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abimbola O Adekanmbi
- Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (SILS), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Akeem G Rabiu
- Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Health Sciences, Ila-Orangun, Osun State, Nigeria.
| | - Daniel J Ajose
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Phage Biocontrol Research Group (AREPHABREG), Department of Microbiology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Mail Bag X2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa.
- Food Security and Safety Focus Area, Faculty and Natural Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Mail Bag X2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa.
| | - Olabisi C Akinlabi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Kehinde A Bolarinwa
- Department of Education (Biology unit), Distance Learning Institute, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Esther P Farinu
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Adedolapo V Olaposi
- Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
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Sundaresan AK, Gangwar J, Murugavel A, Malli Mohan GB, Ramakrishnan J. Complete genome sequence, phenotypic correlation and pangenome analysis of uropathogenic Klebsiella spp. AMB Express 2024; 14:78. [PMID: 38965152 PMCID: PMC11224175 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-024-01737-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTI) by antibiotic resistant and virulent K. pneumoniae are a growing concern. Understanding the genome and validating the genomic profile along with pangenome analysis will facilitate surveillance of high-risk clones of K. pneumoniae to underpin management strategies toward early detection. The present study aims to correlate resistome with phenotypic antimicrobial resistance and virulome with pathogenicity in Klebsiella spp. The present study aimed to perform complete genome sequences of Klebsiella spp. and to analyse the correlation of resistome with phenotypic antimicrobial resistance and virulome with pathogenicity. To understand the resistome, pangenome and virulome in the Klebsiella spp, the ResFinder, CARD, IS Finder, PlasmidFinder, PHASTER, Roary, VFDB were used. The phenotypic susceptibility profiling identified the uropathogenic kp3 to exhibit multi drug resistance. The resistome and in vitro antimicrobial profiling showed concordance with all the tested antibiotics against the study strains. Hypermucoviscosity was not observed for any of the test isolates; this phenotypic character matches perfectly with the absence of rmpA and magA genes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the presence of ste, stf, stc and sti major fimbrial operons of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium in K. pneumoniae genome. The study identifies the discordance of virulome and virulence in Klebsiella spp. The complete genome analysis and phenotypic correlation identify uropathogenic K. pneumoniae kp3 as a carbapenem-resistant and virulent pathogen. The Pangenome of K. pneumoniae was open suggesting high genetic diversity. Diverse K serotypes were observed. Sequence typing reveals the prevalence of K. pneumoniae high-risk clones in UTI catheterised patients. The study also highlights the concordance of resistome and in vitro susceptibility tests. Importantly, the study identifies the necessity of virulome and phenotypic virulence markers for timely diagnosis and immediate treatment for the management of high-risk K. pneumoniae clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhirami Krishnamoorthy Sundaresan
- Actinomycetes Bioprospecting Lab, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology (SCBT), SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jaya Gangwar
- Actinomycetes Bioprospecting Lab, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology (SCBT), SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Aravind Murugavel
- Actinomycetes Bioprospecting Lab, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology (SCBT), SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ganesh Babu Malli Mohan
- Microbial Omics Lab, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology (SCBT), SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases (CTEGD), University of Georgia, Georgia, Athens, United States of America
| | - Jayapradha Ramakrishnan
- Actinomycetes Bioprospecting Lab, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology (SCBT), SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, 613401, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Sitotaw B, Ayalew F, Girma A, Geta K, Tadesse B, Birhanu AG. High Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance Bacteria Isolated From Bahir Dar City Municipal Solid Waste Dumpsite, North West Ethiopia. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH INSIGHTS 2024; 18:11786302241260508. [PMID: 38859927 PMCID: PMC11163931 DOI: 10.1177/11786302241260508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
The emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance (ABR) have been a public health challenge globally. The burden is even higher in low-income countries where there is a lack of appropriate healthcare systems, and inappropriate antibiotic disposal practices and utilization. Due to poor solid waste disposal practices in developing nations, municipal solid waste dumpsite (MSWDS) can be a reservoir for ABR bacteria. However, only a few studies demonstrated the prevalence of ABR in non-clinical environments such as MSWDS. This study assessed the prevalence of ABR bacteria at Bahir Dar City MSWDS, to understand the public health risks related to poor solid waste disposal systems. Nine soil samples were collected from the dumpsite. Bacteria were isolated, identified and tested for ABR. Seventy-one distinct colonies were isolated from all samples and identified into 10 bacterial genera based on morphological features and biochemical tests. For ABR tests, gentamicin (GN, 10 μg), streptomycin (ST, 30 μg), tetracycline (TE, 30 μg), ciprofloxacin (CIP, 5 μg), nalidixic acid (NAA, 30 μg), sulfonamide (SA, 250 μg), chloramphenicol (C, 30 μg), erythromycin (E, 15 μg), vancomycin (V, 30 μg), and amoxicillin (AMX, 25 μg) were used. The most frequently isolated bacteria were Staphylococcus (23%) followed by Escherichia species (17%). Ten isolates related to Bacillus spp. were excluded from the antibiotic sensitivity test as there is no standard regarding this genus in the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. The overall antibiotic résistance rate was 95.08%, and most isolates were found to be resistant to amoxicillin (100%), nalidixic acid (75.5%), and vancomycin (75%). Substantial proportions of the isolates were also resistant to tetracycline (55.35%), streptomycin (54.5%), and sulfonamide (50%). The overall multidrug resistance (MDR) rate was 36.06%. This high level of ABR calls for urgent intervention in waste management systems and regular surveillance programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baye Sitotaw
- Department of Biology, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | | | - Abayeneh Girma
- Department of Biology, Mekdela Amba University, Tuluawlia, Ethiopia
| | - Kindu Geta
- Department of Biology, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Beselam Tadesse
- Bio and Emerging Technology Institute (BETin), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Oluwakoya OM, Okoh AI. Prevalence of multidrug-resistant Campylobacter species in wastewater effluents: A menace of environmental and public health concern. Helicobacter 2024; 29:e13095. [PMID: 38798008 DOI: 10.1111/hel.13095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence of multidrug-resistant Campylobacter species in wastewater effluents presents a formidable challenge at the intersection of environmental sustainability and public health. This study examined the presence of multidrug-resistant Campylobacter in wastewater effluents in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa, and its implications for environmental ecosystems and public health. Forty-five samples from household effluent (HHE) and wastewater treatment plant effluent (WWTPE) were collected at different geographical locations within the province between April and September 2022. The counts of the presumptive Campylobacter genus ranged from 5.2 × 103 to 6.03 × 104 CFU/mL for HHE and 4.93 × 103 to 1.04 × 104 CFU/mL for WWTPE. About 42.55% of the samples were positive for Campylobacter species. Five virulence determinants including the cadF and wlaN were detected in all the isolates; however, flgR (19.23%), ciaB, and ceuE (15.38%) were less prevalent. The antibiogram profiles of confirmed Campylobacter isolates revealed high resistance (>55%) against all tested antibiotics ranging from 55.77% (nalidixic acid) to 92.30% (erythromycin), and resistance against the other antibiotics followed the order ciprofloxacin (51.92%), azithromycin (50%), and levofloxacin (48.08%). On the contrary, gentamicin was sensitive against 61.54% of the isolates, followed by imipenem (57.69%) and streptomycin (51.92%). The WWTPE's antibiotic resistance index (ARI) was 0.19, lower than the permitted Krumperman threshold of 0.2; and HHE's ARIs were higher. The isolates' respective multiple antibiotic resistance indexes (MARI) varied between 0.08 and 1.00. Among the phenotypically resistant Campylobacter isolates examined, 21 resistance determinants encoding resistance against β-lactam, carbapenems, aminoglycosides, phenicol, quinolones, tetracyclines, and macrolides were detected, which explains the phenotypic resistance observed in the study. This study concludes that the wastewaters in the study areas are important reservoirs of multidrug-resistant and potentially pathogenic Campylobacter species, suggesting the need for proper treatment of the wastewaters to eliminate the organisms in the effluents before discharge the final effluent to the receiving watershed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olufunmilayo Modupe Oluwakoya
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
| | - Anthony Ifeanyi Okoh
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
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Ferri G, Olivieri V, Olivastri A, Pennisi L, Vergara A. Multidrug resistant Vibrio spp. identified from mussels farmed for human consumption in Central Italy. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxae098. [PMID: 38609347 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxae098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
AIMS This study investigated phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance profiles of Vibrio strains identified from Mytilus galloprovincialis farmed for human consumption in the Adriatic Sea Central Italy. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 475 mussels (M. galloprovincialis) were involved in the present study, and culture-dependent microbiological methods permitted to identify a total of 50 Vibrio strains that were tested for antibiotic susceptibility followed by the genetic determinant detections. Antibiograms showed resistance against ampicillin (36.0%), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (30.0%), gentamycin (14.0%), and imipenem (18.0%). Biomolecular assays amplified a total of 264 antibiotic resistance genes harbored by both susceptible and resistant Vibrio species. Among resistance genes, aacC2 (62.0%) and aadA (58.0%) for aminoglycosides, blaTEM (54.0%) for beta-lactams, qnrS (24.0%) for quinolones, tetD (66.0%) for tetracyclines, and vanB (60.0%) for glycopeptides were mainly amplified by PCR assays. CONCLUSIONS Vibrio genus is involved in the antibiotic resistance phenomenon diffusion in the aquatic environments, as demonstrated by the harboring of many genetic determinants representing a kind of genetic "dark world".
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluigi Ferri
- Post-Graduate Specialization School in Food Inspection "G. Tiecco", Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Strada Provinciale 18, 64100, Piano d'Accio, Teramo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Olivieri
- Post-Graduate Specialization School in Food Inspection "G. Tiecco", Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Strada Provinciale 18, 64100, Piano d'Accio, Teramo, Italy
| | | | - Luca Pennisi
- Post-Graduate Specialization School in Food Inspection "G. Tiecco", Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Strada Provinciale 18, 64100, Piano d'Accio, Teramo, Italy
| | - Alberto Vergara
- Post-Graduate Specialization School in Food Inspection "G. Tiecco", Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Strada Provinciale 18, 64100, Piano d'Accio, Teramo, Italy
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Kumar V, Roy S, Parida SN, Bisai K, Dhar S, Jana AK, Das BK. Deciphering the impact of endoparasitic infection on immune response and gut microbial composition of Channa punctata. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1296769. [PMID: 38476164 PMCID: PMC10927727 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1296769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Intestinal parasitic infections caused by helminths are globally distributed and are a major cause of morbidity worldwide. Parasites may modulate the virulence, gut microbiota diversity and host responses during infection. Despite numerous works, little is known about the complex interaction between parasites and the gut microbiota. In the present study, the complex interplay between parasites and the gut microbiota was investigated. A total of 12 bacterial strains across four major families, including Enterobacteriaceae, Morganellaceae, Flavobacteriaceae, and Pseudomonadaceae, were isolated from Channa punctata, infected with the nematode species Aporcella sp., Axonchium sp., Tylencholaimus mirabilis, and Dioctophyme renale. The findings revealed that nematode infection shaped the fish gut bacterial microbiota and significantly affected their virulence levels. Nematode-infected fish bacterial isolates are more likely to be pathogenic, with elevated hemolytic activity and biofilm formation, causing high fish mortality. In contrast, isolates recovered further from non-parasitised C. punctata were observed to be non-pathogenic and had negligible hemolytic activity and biofilm formation. Antibiogram analysis of the bacterial isolates revealed a disproportionately high percentage of bacteria that were either marginally or multidrug resistant, suggesting that parasitic infection-induced stress modulates the gut microenvironment and enables colonization by antibiotic-resistant strains. This isolation-based study provides an avenue to unravel the influence of parasitic infection on gut bacterial characteristics, which is valuable for understanding the infection mechanism and designing further studies aimed at optimizing treatment strategies. In addition, the cultured isolates can supplement future gut microbiome studies by providing wet lab specimens to compare (meta)genomic information discovered within the gut microenvironment of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Basanta Kumar Das
- Aquatic Environmental Biotechnology and Nanotechnology (AEBN) Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute (CIFRI), Barrackpore, India
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Adeoye JB, Tan YH, Lau SY, Tan YY, Chiong T, Mubarak NM, Khalid M. Advanced oxidation and biological integrated processes for pharmaceutical wastewater treatment: A review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 353:120170. [PMID: 38308991 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
The stress of pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) discharging to water bodies and the environment due to increased industrialization has reduced the availability of clean water. This poses a potential health hazard to animals and human life because water contamination is a great issue to the climate, plants, humans, and aquatic habitats. Pharmaceutical compounds are quantified in concentrations ranging from ng/Lto μg/L in aquatic environments worldwide. According to (Alsubih et al., 2022), the concentrations of carbamazepine, sulfamethoxazole, Lutvastatin, ciprofloxacin, and lorazepam were 616-906 ng/L, 16,532-21635 ng/L, 694-2068 ng/L, 734-1178 ng/L, and 2742-3775 ng/L respectively. Protecting and preserving our environment must be well-driven by all sectors to sustain development. Various methods have been utilized to eliminate the emerging pollutants, such as adsorption and biological and advanced oxidation processes. These methods have their benefits and drawbacks in the removal of pharmaceuticals. Successful wastewater treatment can save the water bodies; integrating green initiatives into the main purposes of actor firms, combined with continually periodic awareness of the current and potential implications of environmental/water pollution, will play a major role in water conservation. This article reviews key publications on the adsorption, biological, and advanced oxidation processes used to remove pharmaceutical products from the aquatic environment. It also sheds light on the pharmaceutical adsorption capability of adsorption, biological and advanced oxidation methods, and their efficacy in pharmaceutical concentration removal. A research gap has been identified for researchers to explore in order to eliminate the problem associated with pharmaceutical wastes. Therefore, future study should focus on combining advanced oxidation and adsorption processes for an excellent way to eliminate pharmaceutical products, even at low concentrations. Biological processes should focus on ideal circumstances and microbial processes that enable the simultaneous removal of pharmaceutical compounds and the effects of diverse environments on removal efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Busayo Adeoye
- Department of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, 98009, Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia.
| | - Yie Hua Tan
- Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Bandar Seri Begawan, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam.
| | - Sie Yon Lau
- Department of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, 98009, Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia.
| | - Yee Yong Tan
- Department of Civil and Construction Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, Sarawak, Miri, 98009, Malaysia
| | - Tung Chiong
- Department of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, 98009, Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Nabisab Mujawar Mubarak
- Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Bandar Seri Begawan, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam; Department of Biosciences, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India
| | - Mohammad Khalid
- Sunway Centre for Electrochemical Energy and Sustainable Technology (SCEEST), School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, No. 5 Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia; Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India; Centre of Research Impact and Outcome, Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India
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Skof A, Koller M, Baumert R, Hautz J, Treiber F, Kittinger C, Zarfel G. Comparison of the Antibiotic Resistance of Escherichia coli Populations from Water and Biofilm in River Environments. Pathogens 2024; 13:171. [PMID: 38392909 PMCID: PMC10891912 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13020171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic-resistant, facultative pathogenic bacteria are commonly found in surface water; however, the factors influencing the spread and stabilization of antibiotic resistance in this habitat, particularly the role of biofilms, are not fully understood. The extent to which bacterial populations in biofilms or sediments exacerbate the problem for specific antibiotic classes or more broadly remains unanswered. In this study, we investigated the differences between the bacterial populations found in the surface water and sediment/biofilm of the Mur River and the Drava River in Austria. Samples of Escherichia coli were collected from both the water and sediment at two locations per river: upstream and downstream of urban areas that included a sewage treatment plant. The isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing against 21 antibiotics belonging to seven distinct classes. Additionally, isolates exhibiting either extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) or carbapenemase phenotypes were further analyzed for specific antimicrobial resistance genes. E. coli isolates collected from all locations exhibited resistance to at least one of the tested antibiotics; on average, isolates from the Mur and Drava rivers showed 25.85% and 23.66% resistance, respectively. The most prevalent resistance observed was to ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, tetracycline, and nalidixic acid. Surprisingly, there was a similar proportion of resistant bacteria observed in both open water and sediment samples. The difference in resistance levels between the samples collected upstream and downstream of the cities was minimal. Out of all 831 isolates examined, 13 were identified as carrying ESBL genes, with 1 of these isolates also containing the gene for the KPC-2 carbapenemase. There were no significant differences between the biofilm (sediment) and open water samples in the occurrence of antibiotic resistance. For the E. coli populations in the examined rivers, the different factors in water and the sediment do not appear to influence the stability of resistance. No significant differences in antimicrobial resistance were observed between the bacterial populations collected from the biofilm (sediment) and open-water samples in either river. The different factors in water and the sediment do not appear to influence the stability of resistance. The minimal differences observed upstream and downstream of the cities could indicate that the river population already exhibits generalized resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Skof
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (A.S.); (F.T.)
| | - Michael Koller
- Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (M.K.); (R.B.); (J.H.); (C.K.)
| | - Rita Baumert
- Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (M.K.); (R.B.); (J.H.); (C.K.)
| | - Jürgen Hautz
- Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (M.K.); (R.B.); (J.H.); (C.K.)
| | - Fritz Treiber
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (A.S.); (F.T.)
| | - Clemens Kittinger
- Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (M.K.); (R.B.); (J.H.); (C.K.)
| | - Gernot Zarfel
- Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (M.K.); (R.B.); (J.H.); (C.K.)
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Molale-Tom LG, Olanrewaju OS, Kritzinger RK, Fri J, Bezuidenhout CC. Heterotrophic bacteria in drinking water: evaluating antibiotic resistance and the presence of virulence genes. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0335923. [PMID: 38205959 PMCID: PMC10845987 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03359-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Heterotrophic bacteria, impacting those with infections or compromised immunity, pose heightened health risks when resistant to antibiotics. This study investigates heterotrophic plate count bacteria in water from North West-C (NWC) and North West-G (NWG) facilities, revealing prevalent β-hemolysis (NWC 82.5%, NWG 86.7%), enzyme production (98%), and antibiotic resistance, especially in NWC. NWG exhibits variations in hemolysin (P = 0.013), lipase (P = 0.009), and DNase activity (P = 0.006). Antibiotics, including ciprofloxacin, persist throughout treatment, with high resistance to β-lactams and trimethoprim (47%-100%), predominantly in NWC. Multiple antibiotic resistance index indicates that 90% of values exceed 0.20, signifying isolates from high antibiotic usage sources. Whole genome sequencing reveals diverse antibiotic resistance genes in heterotrophic strains, emphasizing their prevalence and health risks in water.IMPORTANCEThis study's findings are a stark reminder of a significant health concern: our water sources harbor antibiotic-resistant heterotrophic bacteria, which can potentially cause illness, especially in individuals with weakened immune systems or underlying infections. Antibiotic resistance among these bacteria is deeply concerning, as it threatens the effectiveness of antibiotics, critical for treating various infections. Moreover, detecting virulence factors in a notable proportion of these bacteria highlights their elevated risk to public health. This research underscores the immediate need for enhanced water treatment processes, rigorous water quality monitoring, and the development of strategies to combat antibiotic resistance in the environment. Safeguarding the safety of our drinking water is imperative to protect public health and mitigate the spread of antibiotic-resistant infections, making these findings a compelling call to action for policymakers and public health authorities alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesego G. Molale-Tom
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Oluwaseyi S. Olanrewaju
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Rinaldo K. Kritzinger
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Justine Fri
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Phage Bio-Control Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
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12
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Xedzro C, Shimamoto T, Shimamoto T. Predominance of Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria Isolated from Supermarket Retail Seafood in Japan. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2935. [PMID: 38138079 PMCID: PMC10745518 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11122935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Reports have documented antimicrobial usage in aquaculture, and the aquatic ecosystem can be considered a genetic storage site for antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This study assessed the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among Gram-negative bacteria recovered from retail seafood in Hiroshima, Japan. A total of 412 bacteria were isolated and screened for the presence of β-lactamases, acquired carbapenemases, and mobile colistin-resistance (mcr) genes. Forty-five (10.9%) isolates were dominated by Morganella (28%), Proteus (22%), Aeromonas (14%), Citrobacter (8%), and Escherichia (8%) and carried AMR genes. The identified AMR genes included those encoded in integrons (19), aac(6՛)-Ib (11), blaTEM-1 (7), blaCTX-M-like (12), blaCTX-M-65 (2), blaSHV-12 (1), blaSHV-27 (1), blaOXA-10 (1), blaOXA-2 (1), and mcr (2). The most common clinical resistances were against ampicillin, colistin, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, tetracycline, and ciprofloxacin. Multidrug resistance (MDR) occurred in 27 (60%) AMR isolates, and multiple antibiotic resistance indices ranged from 0.2 to 0.8. A conjugation experiment showed that 10 of the 11 selected MDR strains harbored conjugable plasmids, although PCR-based replicon typing described seven strains as untypable. IncF replicon was identified in MDR extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli of the pathogenic B2 phylogroup. Our findings suggest that retail seafood harbors MDR bacteria of human interest that require strict resistance surveillance in the seafood production continuum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tadashi Shimamoto
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Hygiene, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima 739-8528, Japan; (C.X.); (T.S.)
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13
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Bhaskaran R, Ramachandra KSS, Peter R, Gopakumar ST, Gopalan MK, Mozhikulangara RR. Antimicrobial resistance and antagonistic features of bivalve-associated Vibrio parahaemolyticus from the south-west coast of India. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:107681-107692. [PMID: 37740157 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29924-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus, a potent human and aquatic pathogen, is usually found in estuaries and oceans. Human illness is associated with consuming uncooked/partially cooked contaminated seafood. The study on bivalve-associated V. parahaemolyticus revealed that the post-monsoon season had the highest bacterial abundance (9 ± 1.5 log cfu) compared to the monsoon season (8.03 ± 0.56 log cfu). Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiling was performed on 114 V. parahaemolyticus isolates obtained from bivalves. The highest AMR was observed against ampicillin (78%). Chloramphenicol was found to be effective against all the isolates. Multiple antibiotic resistance index values of 0.2 or higher were detected in 18% of the isolates. Molecular analysis of antimicrobial resistant genes (ARGs) revealed the high prevalence (100%) of the TEM-1 gene in the aquatic environment. After plasmid profiling and curing, 41.6% and 100% of the resistant isolates were found to be sensitive to ampicillin and cephalosporins, respectively, indicating the prevalence of plasmid-associated ARGs in the aquatic environment. A study to evaluate the antagonistic properties of Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens against V. parahaemolyticus isolates identified the potential of these bacteria to resist the growth of V. parahaemolyticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remya Bhaskaran
- Marine Biotechnology, Fish Nutrition and Health Division (MBFNHD), ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Post Box No. 1603, Kochi, Ernakulam North (P.O.), 682 018, India
- Department of Biosciences, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri - 574 199, Karnataka State, India
| | - Krupesha Sharma Sulumane Ramachandra
- Marine Biotechnology, Fish Nutrition and Health Division (MBFNHD), ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Post Box No. 1603, Kochi, Ernakulam North (P.O.), 682 018, India.
| | - Reynold Peter
- Marine Biotechnology, Fish Nutrition and Health Division (MBFNHD), ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Post Box No. 1603, Kochi, Ernakulam North (P.O.), 682 018, India
| | - Sumithra Thangalazhy Gopakumar
- Marine Biotechnology, Fish Nutrition and Health Division (MBFNHD), ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Post Box No. 1603, Kochi, Ernakulam North (P.O.), 682 018, India
| | - Mini Kalappurakkal Gopalan
- Fishery Resources Assessment, Economics and Extension Division (FRAEED), ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Post Box No. 1603, Kochi, Ernakulam North (P.O.), 682 018, India
| | - Rithin Raj Mozhikulangara
- School of Industrial Fisheries, Cochin University of Science and Technology (CUSAT), Lakeside Campus, Kochi, 682 016, India
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Karim MR, Zakaria Z, Hassan L, Mohd Faiz N, Ahmad NI. Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles and Co-Existence of Multiple Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in mcr-Harbouring Colistin-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Isolates Recovered from Poultry and Poultry Meats in Malaysia. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1060. [PMID: 37370378 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12061060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The co-existence of the colistin resistance (mcr) gene with multiple drug-resistance genes has raised concerns about the possibility of the development of pan-drug-resistant bacteria that will complicate treatment. This study aimed to investigate the antibiotic resistance profiles and co-existence of antibiotic resistance genes among the colistin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolates recovered from poultry and poultry meats. The antibiotic susceptibility to various classes of antibiotics was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method and selected antimicrobial resistance genes were detected using PCR in a total of 54 colistin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolates including Escherichia coli (E. coli) (n = 32), Salmonella spp. (n = 16) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) (n = 6) isolates. Most of the isolates had multi-drug resistance (MDR), with antibiotic resistance against up to seven classes of antibiotics. All mcr-harbouring, colistin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolates showed this MDR (100%) phenotype. The mcr-1 harbouring E. coli isolates were co-harbouring multiple antibiotic resistance genes. The seven most commonly identified resistance genes (blaTEM, tetA, floR, aac-3-IV, aadA1, fosA, aac(6_)-lb) were detected in an mcr-1-harbouring E. coli isolate recovered from a cloacal swab. The mcr-5 harbouring Salmonella spp. isolate recovered from poultry meats was positive for blaTEM, tetA, floR, aac-3-IV, fosA and aac(6_)-lb genes. In conclusion, the colistin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae with mcr genes co-existing multiple clinically important antimicrobial resistance genes in poultry and poultry meats may cause potential future threats to infection treatment choices in humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Rezaul Karim
- Department of Veterinary Pathology & Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka 1341, Bangladesh
| | - Zunita Zakaria
- Department of Veterinary Pathology & Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Latiffah Hassan
- Department of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nik Mohd Faiz
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Indah Ahmad
- Department of Veterinary Pathology & Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
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15
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Abdulhakeem MA, Alreshidi M, Bardakci F, Hamadou WS, De Feo V, Noumi E, Snoussi M. Molecular Identification of Bacteria Isolated from Marketed Sparus aurata and Penaeus indicus Sea Products: Antibiotic Resistance Profiling and Evaluation of Biofilm Formation. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020548. [PMID: 36836905 PMCID: PMC9963372 DOI: 10.3390/life13020548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Marketed fish and shellfish are a source of multidrug-resistant and biofilm-forming foodborne pathogenic microorganisms. METHODS Bacteria isolated from Sparus aurata and Penaeus indicus collected from a local market in Hail region (Saudi Arabia) were isolated on selective and chromogenic media and identified by using 16S RNA sequencing technique. The exoenzyme production and the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of all identified bacteria were also tested. All identified bacteria were tested for their ability to form biofilm by using both qualitative and quantitative assays. RESULTS Using 16S RNA sequencing method, eight genera were identified dominated by Vibrio (42.85%), Aeromonas (23.80%), and Photobacterium (9.52%). The dominant species were V. natrigens (23.8%) and A. veronii (23.80%). All the identified strains were able to produce several exoenzymes (amylases, gelatinase, haemolysins, lecithinase, DNase, lipase, and caseinase). All tested bacteria were multidrug-resistant with a high value of the multiple antibiotic index (MARI). The antibiotic resistance index (ARI) was about 0.542 for Vibrio spp. and 0.553 for Aeromonas spp. On Congo red agar, six morphotypes were obtained, and 33.33% were slime-positive bacteria. Almost all tested microorganisms were able to form a biofilm on glass tube. Using the crystal violet technique, the tested bacteria were able to form a biofilm on glass, plastic, and polystyrene abiotic surfaces with different magnitude. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that marketed S. aurata and P. indicus harbor various bacteria with human interest that are able to produce several related-virulence factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A. Abdulhakeem
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha’il, Ha’il P.O. Box 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mousa Alreshidi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha’il, Ha’il P.O. Box 2440, Saudi Arabia
- Molecular Diagnostics and Personalized Therapeutics Unit, University of Hail, Hail P.O. Box 2440, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (E.N.)
| | - Fevzi Bardakci
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha’il, Ha’il P.O. Box 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walid Sabri Hamadou
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha’il, Ha’il P.O. Box 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vincenzo De Feo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, 84084 Salerno, Italy
| | - Emira Noumi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha’il, Ha’il P.O. Box 2440, Saudi Arabia
- Laboratory of Genetics, Biodiversity and Valorization of Bio-Resources (LR11ES41), Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue Tahar Haddad, BP74, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (E.N.)
| | - Mejdi Snoussi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha’il, Ha’il P.O. Box 2440, Saudi Arabia
- Laboratory of Genetics, Biodiversity and Valorization of Bio-Resources (LR11ES41), Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue Tahar Haddad, BP74, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
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16
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Zaher HA, El Baz S, Alothaim AS, Alsalamah SA, Alghonaim MI, Alawam AS, Eraqi MM. Molecular Basis of Methicillin and Vancomycin Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus from Cattle, Sheep Carcasses and Slaughterhouse Workers. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12020205. [PMID: 36830115 PMCID: PMC9952529 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12020205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a serious infection-causing pathogen in humans and animal. In particular, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is considered one of the major life-threatening pathogens due to its rapid resistance to several antibiotics in clinical practice. MRSA strains have recently been isolated in a number of animals utilized in food production processes, and these species are thought to be the important sources of the spread of infection and disease in both humans and animals. The main objective of the current study was to assess the prevalence of drug-resistant S. aureus, particularly vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA) and MRSA, by molecular methods. To address this issue, a total of three hundred samples (200 meat samples from cattle and sheep carcasses (100 of each), 50 hand swabs, and 50 stool samples from abattoir workers) were obtained from slaughterhouses in Egypt provinces. In total, 19% S. aureus was isolated by standard culture techniques, and the antibiotic resistance was confirmed genotypically by amplification nucA gen. Characteristic resistance genes were identified by PCR with incidence of 31.5%, 19.3%, 8.7%, and 7% for the mecA, VanA, ermA, and tet L genes, respectively, while the aac6-aph gene was not found in any of the isolates. In this study, the virulence genes responsible for S. aureus' resistance to antibiotics had the highest potential for infection or disease transmission to animal carcasses, slaughterhouse workers, and meat products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan A. Zaher
- Food Hygiene and Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Shimaa El Baz
- Department of Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Abdulaziz S. Alothaim
- Department of Biology, College of Science in Zulfi, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulaiman A. Alsalamah
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Ibrahim Alghonaim
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah S. Alawam
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mostafa M. Eraqi
- Department of Biology, College of Science in Zulfi, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-565709849
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Xin H, Gao M, Wang X, Qiu T, Guo Y, Zhang L. Animal farms are hot spots for airborne antimicrobial resistance. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 851:158050. [PMID: 35985594 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Animal farms are known reservoirs for environmental antimicrobial resistance (AMR). However, knowledge of AMR burden in the air around animal farms remains disproportionately limited. In this study, we characterized the airborne AMR based on the quantitative information of 30 antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), four mobile genetic elements (MGEs), and four human pathogenic bacteria (HPBs) involving four animal species from 20 farms. By comparing these genes with those in animal feces, the distinguishing features of airborne AMR were revealed, which included high enrichment of ARGs and their potential mobility to host HPBs. We found that depending on the antimicrobial class, the mean concentration of airborne ARGs in the animal farms ranged from 102 to 104 copies/m3 and was accompanied by a considerable intensity of MGEs and HPBs (approximately 103 copies/m3). Although significant correlations were observed between the ARGs and bacterial communities of air and fecal samples, the abundance of target genes was generally high in fine inhalable particles (PM2.5), with an enrichment ratio of up to 102 in swine and cattle farms. The potential transferability of airborne ARGs was universally strengthened, embodied by a pronounced co-occurrence of ARGs-MGEs in air compared with that in feces. Exposure analysis showed that animal farmworkers may inhale approximately 104 copies of human pathogenic bacteria-associated genera per day potentially carrying highly transferable ARGs, including multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Moreover, PM2.5 inhalation posed higher human daily intake burdens of some ARGs than those associated with drinking water intake. Overall, our findings highlight the severity of animal-related airborne AMR and the subsequent inhalation exposure, thus improving our understanding of the airborne flow of AMR genes from animals to humans. These findings could help develop strategies to mitigate the human exposure and dissemination of ARGs across different media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huibo Xin
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Eco-remediation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Min Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Xuming Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Tianlei Qiu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Yajie Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Liqiu Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Eco-remediation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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Incidence of antibiotic resistance genotypes of Vibrio species recovered from selected freshwaters in Southwest Nigeria. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18912. [PMID: 36344620 PMCID: PMC9640555 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23479-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio species are classified as potent hazards because of their tendency to effect serious diseases like cholera and other gastrointestinal ailments in humans, as well as vibriosis in fish. A total of 144 freshwater samples were aseptically collected monthly across four rivers (Asejire, Ona, Dandaru and Erinle rivers) over a 12-month period from which Vibrio spp. were isolated using culture procedures, confirmed by means of biochemical test as well as Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assay and further characterized for their phenotypic antibiotic susceptibilities and relevant antimicrobial resistant determinants by PCR. Three hundred and fifteen (58%) isolates confirmed across the sampled sites (Asejire = 75, Dandaru = 87, Eleyele = 72, Erinle = 81) showed high resistance against erythromycin-95%, Sulphamethoxazole-94%, rifampicin-92%, doxycycline-82%, tetracycline-75%, amoxicillin-45%, cephalothin-43% and varied susceptibilities to other antibiotics. The multiple antibiotic resistance indices of 97% of the Vibrio isolates were above the 0.2 threshold limit with MAR phenotype pattern E-SUL-RF-TET-DOX (0.38) found to be the most prevalent pattern among the isolates. The distributions of resistance determinant of the tested antibiotics were revealed as follows: sulII 33%, sulI 19% (sulfonamides); blaOXA 27%, ampC 39%, blapse 11% (beta-lactams); tetA 28%, tetE 20%, tet39 8%, (tetracyclines) and strA 39%. aacC2 24%, aphA1 14% (aminoglycosides). Strong positive associations were observed among tetA, sulI, tetE and sulII. This study raises concerns as these selected rivers may contribute to the environmental spread of waterborne diseases and antibiotic resistance genes. Therefore, we recommend environmental context-tailored strategies for monitoring and surveillance of resistance genes so as to safeguard the environment from becoming reservoirs of virulent and infectious Vibrio species.
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Gao Q, Ma X, Wang Z, Chen H, Luo Y, Wu B, Qi S, Lin M, Tian J, Qiao Y, Grossart HP, Xu W, Huang L. Seasonal variation, virulence gene and antibiotic resistance of Vibrio in a semi-enclosed bay with mariculture (Dongshan Bay, Southern China). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 184:114112. [PMID: 36113173 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the virulence genes, antibiotic resistance of culturable Vibrio and the environmental factors affecting Vibrio abundance were analyzed in four seasons in DongShan Bay with different intensity of aquaculture practice. A total of 253 bacteria isolates were obtained, of which 177 Vibrio strains belonged to 26 species. Annual Vibrio abundance in this region ranged from 20 to 11,600 CFU mL-1 and the most significant positive correlation occurred with temperature. Detection of 9 different Vibrio virulence genes revealed that most isolates contained atypical virulence genes in addition to the typical ones. In particular, virulence genes of hemolysin such as tdh, trh, and hlyA (6.32 %, 15.52 %, and 11.30 %) showed different degrees of horizontal gene transfer (HGT). In our antibiotic resistance test, the multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index of the isolates ranged from 0.01 to 0.03 in different seasons, and three MAR Vibrio strains were detected. Overall, our study sheds new light on the spatial distribution patterns and the occurrence of virulence genes and antibiotics resistance Vibrio isolated from a subtropical bay with intensive aquaculture. Our study provides a suitable microbial quality surveillance in a mariculture impacted coastal environment. It will help to establish effective disease prevention measures in this area and provide useful guidance and support for formulating local antibiotics use policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiancheng Gao
- Fisheries College, Fujian Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaowan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Ecosystem and Bioresource, Fourth Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beihai 536000, China
| | - Zhichao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Haisheng Chen
- Fishery Technology Promotion Station of Dongshan, Zhangzhou 363400, China
| | - Yu Luo
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Bi Wu
- Fisheries College, Fujian Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Shanni Qi
- Fisheries College, Fujian Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Miaozhen Lin
- Fisheries College, Fujian Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jing Tian
- Fisheries College, Fujian Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Ying Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Ecosystem and Bioresource, Fourth Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beihai 536000, China
| | - Hans-Peter Grossart
- Department of Experimental Limnology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Stechlin 16775, Germany; Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Potsdam University, Potsdam 14469, Germany
| | - Wei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Ecosystem and Bioresource, Fourth Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beihai 536000, China.
| | - Lixing Huang
- Fisheries College, Fujian Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
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Sadat A, Ramadan H, Elkady MA, Hammad AM, Soliman MM, Aboelenin SM, Al-Harthi HF, Abugomaa A, Elbadawy M, Awad A. Phylotypic Profiling, Distribution of Pathogenicity Island Markers, and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Escherichia coli Isolated from Retail Chicken Meat and Humans. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11091197. [PMID: 36139976 PMCID: PMC9495032 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11091197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli (E.coli) found in retail chicken meat could be causing a wide range of infections in humans and constitute a potential risk. This study aimed to evaluate 60 E. coli isolates from retail chicken meat (n = 34) and human urinary tract infections (UTIs, n = 26) for phylogenetic diversity, presence of pathogenicity island (PAI) markers, antimicrobial susceptibility phenotypes, and antimicrobial resistance genes, and to evaluate their biofilm formation capacity. In that context, confirmed E.coli isolates were subjected to phylogrouping analysis using triplex PCR, antimicrobial susceptibility testing using the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method; PAI distribution was investigated by using two multiplex PCRs. Most of the chicken isolates (22/34, 64.7%) were identified as commensal E. coli (A and B1), while 12 isolates (35.3%) were classified as pathogenic virulent E. coli (B2 and D). Similarly, the commensal group dominated in human isolates. Overall, 23 PAIs were detected in the chicken isolates; among them, 39.1% (9/23) were assigned to group B1, 34.8% (8/23) to group A, 4.34% (1/23) to group B2, and 21.7% (5/23) to group D. However, 25 PAIs were identified from the human isolates. PAI IV536 was the most prevalent (55.9%, 69.2%) PAI detected in both sources. In total, 37 (61.7%) isolates of the chicken and human isolates were biofilm producers. Noticeably, 100% of E. coli isolates were resistant to penicillin and rifamycin. Markedly, all E. coli isolates displayed multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) phenotypes, and the multiple antibiotic resistance index (MARI) among E. coli isolates ranged between 0.5 and 1. Several antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were identified by a PCR assay; the sul2 gene was the most prevalent (38/60, 63.3%) from both sources. Interestingly, a significant positive association (r = 0.31) between biofilm production and resistance to quinolones by the qnr gene was found by the correlation analysis. These findings were suggestive of the transmission of PAI markers and antibiotic resistance genes from poultry to humans or humans to humans through the food chain. To avoid the spread of virulent and multidrug-resistant E. coli, intensive surveillance of retail chicken meat markets is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Sadat
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology, and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Hazem Ramadan
- Hygiene and Zoonoses Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Elkady
- Mansoura Veterinary Laboratory Branch, Microbiology Research Department, Animal Health Research Institute, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Amal Mahmoud Hammad
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine Damietta, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M. Soliman
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, Turabah University College, Taif University, Taif 21995, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salama M. Aboelenin
- Biology Department, Turabah University College, Taif University, Al Hawiyah 21995, Saudi Arabia
| | - Helal F. Al-Harthi
- Biology Department, Turabah University College, Taif University, Al Hawiyah 21995, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amira Abugomaa
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Elbadawy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh 13736, Egypt
| | - Amal Awad
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology, and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +2-0102-127-6993
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21
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Agyarkwa MAK, Azaglo GSK, Kokofu HK, Appah-Sampong EK, Nerquaye-Tetteh EN, Appoh E, Kudjawu J, Worlanyo E, Batong MF, Akumwena A, Labi AK, Osei MM, Satyanarayana S, Terry RF, Manzi M, Opintan JA. Surveillance of WHO Priority Gram-Negative Pathogenic Bacteria in Effluents from Two Seafood Processing Facilities in Tema, Ghana, 2021 and 2022: A Descriptive Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191710823. [PMID: 36078530 PMCID: PMC9518130 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistant (AMR) bacteria in effluents from seafood processing facilities can contribute to the spread of AMR in the natural environment. In this study conducted in Tema, Ghana, a total of 38 effluent samples from two seafood processing facilities were collected during 2021 and 2022, as part of a pilot surveillance project to ascertain the bacterial load, bacterial species and their resistance to 15 antibiotics belonging to the WHO AWaRe group of antibiotics. The bacterial load in the effluent samples ranged from 13-1800 most probable number (MPN)/100 mL. We identified the following bacterial species: E. coli in 31 (82%) samples, K. pneumoniae in 15 (39%) samples, Proteus spp. in 6 (16%) samples, P. aeruginosa in 2 (5%) samples and A. baumannii in 2 (5%) samples. The highest levels of antibiotic resistance (100%) were recorded for ampicillin and cefuroxime among Enterobacteriaceae. The WHO priority pathogens-E. coli (resistant to cefotaxime, ceftazidime and carbapenem) and K.pneumoniae (resistant to ceftriaxone)-were found in 5 (13%) effluent samples. These findings highlight the need for enhanced surveillance to identify the source of AMR and multi-drug resistant bacteria and an adoption of best practices to eliminate these bacteria in the ecosystem of the seafood processing facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Emmanuel Appoh
- Environmental Protection Agency, Ministries, Accra P.O. Box MB 326, Ghana
| | - Jewel Kudjawu
- Environmental Protection Agency, Ministries, Accra P.O. Box MB 326, Ghana
| | - Ebenezer Worlanyo
- Environmental Protection Agency, Ministries, Accra P.O. Box MB 326, Ghana
| | | | - Amos Akumwena
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra P.O. Box GP 4236, Ghana
| | | | - Mary-Magdalene Osei
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra P.O. Box GP 4236, Ghana
| | - Srinath Satyanarayana
- Center for Operational Research, International Union against TB and Lung Disease, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Robert Fraser Terry
- UNICEF, UNDP, World Bank, WHO, Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR), World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Manzi
- Department of Medical OCB, MSF-Belgium Headquarters, Rue de Bomel 65, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Japheth A. Opintan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra P.O. Box GP 4236, Ghana
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22
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Chigor CB, Ibangha IAI, Nweze NO, Onuora VC, Ozochi CA, Titilawo Y, Enebe MC, Chernikova TN, Golyshin PN, Chigor VN. Prevalence of integrons in multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from waters and vegetables in Nsukka and Enugu, Southeast Nigeria. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:60945-60952. [PMID: 35437658 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20254-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Irrigation of fresh produce with poorly treated wastewater or contaminated freshwater sources can lead to produce contamination and foodborne illnesses, as well as the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance determinants. In this study, we assessed the presence of integrons in multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from the University of Nigeria, Nsukka Wastewater Treatment Plant effluent, tap water, vegetables from irrigated gardens and vegetables sold in selected markets from Nsukka and Enugu cities. E. coli was isolated following standard laboratory procedure and confirmed through beta-glucuronidase (uidA)-targeted polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The antibiotic resistance of the isolates was determined using Bauer-Kirby disk diffusion assay, and multiplex PCR was used to determine the presence of class 1 and 2 integrons. Our result revealed a total of 188 E. coli isolates from WWTP effluent (n = 41), tap water (n = 10) and vegetables from greenhouse (n = 46), farms (n = 55) and market (n = 36). Multidrug resistance was detected in all the isolates, ranging from three-drug resistance in a single isolate to 7-drug resistance patterns in two different isolates. Of the total isolates, class 1 integrons were abundantly detected in 175 (93.1%) and class 2 in 5 (2.7%). All the class 2 integrons were found in isolates that were positive for class 1. The abundance of multidrug-resistant E. coli harbouring class 1 integrons in the effluent and vegetable samples is a potential public health risk. Therefore, the appropriate measures for the safe use of poorly treated wastewater for vegetable farm irrigation are required to be put in place to reduce the microbial load of the discharged effluent. Also, education of farmers and the community on the dangers of wastewater effluent-grown plants and proper methods for cleaning harvested vegetable is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinyere B Chigor
- Water and Public Health Research Group (WPHRG), University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
- Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Ini-Abasi I Ibangha
- Water and Public Health Research Group (WPHRG), University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Nkechinyere O Nweze
- Water and Public Health Research Group (WPHRG), University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
- Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Valentino C Onuora
- Water and Public Health Research Group (WPHRG), University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Chizoba A Ozochi
- Water and Public Health Research Group (WPHRG), University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Yinka Titilawo
- Water and Public Health Research Group (WPHRG), University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
- Department of Microbiology, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike Ikwo, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
| | - Matthew C Enebe
- Water and Public Health Research Group (WPHRG), University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
- Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
| | | | - Peter N Golyshin
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor Gwynedd, UK
| | - Vincent N Chigor
- Water and Public Health Research Group (WPHRG), University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.
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23
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Fernandes M, Nóbrega Carneiro C, Villada Rosales AM, Grilo M, Ramiro Y, Cunha E, Nunes T, Tavares L, Sandi J, Oliveira M. Antimicrobial resistance and virulence profiles of Enterobacterales isolated from two-finger and three-finger sloths ( Choloepus hoffmanni and Bradypus variegatus) of Costa Rica. PeerJ 2022; 10:e12911. [PMID: 35295556 PMCID: PMC8919844 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Wildlife has been recently recognized as an environmental reservoir for antimicrobial resistance (AMR). However, less information on this topic is available in animals released back into the wild after rehabilitation in wildlife facilities, compared with studies performed exclusively in captive or free-ranging wildlife. This study aimed to evaluate the potential influence of captivity and/or treatment while in captivity of wild sloths on the AMR and virulence profiles of sloths' Enterobacterales. Methods Oral and rectal swab samples were collected from 39 two-finger (Choloepus hoffmanni) and three-finger sloths (Bradypus variegatus) of Costa Rica (n = 78) and analyzed using conventional bacteriological techniques. A generalized linear mixed model was applied to estimate the isolates' multiple antimicrobial resistance and virulence indices as a function of animal status. Results A considerable level of resistance was detected, especially for Citrobacter youngae and Escherichia coli, with 17.5% of isolates classified as multidrug-resistant. Virulence indices of isolates from rehabilitated sloths were significantly higher than the ones from sloths being hand-reared for shorter periods. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first description of sloths' antimicrobial resistant Enterobacterales, suggesting that sloths' rehabilitation and consequent exposure to humans, may promote the selection of bacteria with higher virulence. Ultimately, these bacteria may represent a threat to human and animal health due to their zoonotic potential and AMR and virulence profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Fernandes
- CIISA–Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carla Nóbrega Carneiro
- CIISA–Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Miguel Grilo
- CIISA–Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Yolanda Ramiro
- Toucan Rescue Ranch (TRR), Heredia, San Josecito, Costa Rica
| | - Eva Cunha
- CIISA–Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Telmo Nunes
- CIISA–Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luís Tavares
- CIISA–Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Janet Sandi
- Toucan Rescue Ranch (TRR), Heredia, San Josecito, Costa Rica
| | - Manuela Oliveira
- CIISA–Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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Onohuean H, Okoh AI, Nwodo UU. Antibiogram signatures of Vibrio species recovered from surface waters in South Western districts of Uganda: Implications for environmental pollution and infection control. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 807:150706. [PMID: 34600994 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Reports of vibriosis and other related gastrointestinal infections have remained a recurring concern in the diverse global continent. The safety of drinking surface water and associated environmental pollution has remained a public health concern in limited resource sittings. Seen in this light, we report the antibiogram signatures of Vibrio species recovered from surface waters in the South-Western districts of Uganda. Surface water samples were collected for four months for Vibrio species isolation in four districts (Bushenyi-B, Mitooma-M, Rubirizi-R, and Sheema-S) using bacteria culture procedures, disc diffusion and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique. Isolates were characterised, and the antibiotic fingerprints were determined using PCR and nine selected antibiotics in routine use. A total of 392 Vibrio species were confirmed from the various districts (B: 172, M: 79. R: 60, S: 81), with 163 (94.77%) resistant to colistin (polymixin), 145 (84.3%) resistant to cefotaxime, 127 (73.84%) resistant to azithromycin, and 33 (19.19%) resistant to chloramphenicol among Bushenyi isolates. A similar high resistance to fluoroquinolones and carbapenem antibiotics were also recorded in other districts of the study area. A complete multiple antibiotic resistance phenotype ((M)ARPs) to the applied antibiotics (A-CTX-CXM-MEM-ATH-K-TM-C-PB-NI-CIP-NA) were also recorded among some isolates, which produced multiple antibiotic resistance indexes of 1, suggesting a high-risk source of contamination due to the usage of several antibiotics. The PCR reports also confirm ampC gene {20 (10.9%)}, beta-lactamase TEM gene (blaTEM2), {30 (10%)} and dihydropteroate synthase type-1 and 11 gene (sul 1 & 11) {16 (8%)}. The results present an implicated environmental pollution problem and a potential concern to public health, therefore there is the need for control of such infectious bacteria and environmental pollution monitoring. Hence, it is recommended various approaches crucial to monitoring of emerging trends in drug resistance at the local and international levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hope Onohuean
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa; Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag 1314, Alice, 5700, Eastern Cape, South Africa; Biopharmaceutics unit, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Kampala International University, Western-Campus, Uganda.
| | - Anthony I Okoh
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa; Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag 1314, Alice, 5700, Eastern Cape, South Africa; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Uchechukwu U Nwodo
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa; Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag 1314, Alice, 5700, Eastern Cape, South Africa
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25
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Saber T, Samir M, El-Mekkawy RM, Ariny E, El-Sayed SR, Enan G, Abdelatif SH, Askora A, Merwad AMA, Tartor YH. Methicillin- and Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus From Humans and Ready-To-Eat Meat: Characterization of Antimicrobial Resistance and Biofilm Formation Ability. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:735494. [PMID: 35211098 PMCID: PMC8861318 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.735494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant and vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA and VRSA) are zoonotic life-threatening pathogens, and their presence in food raises a public health concern. Yet, scarce data are available regarding MRSA and VRSA in both ready-to-eat (RTE) meat and food handlers. This study was undertaken to determine the frequency, antimicrobial resistance, and biofilm-forming ability of MRSA and VRSA isolated from RTE meat (shawarma and burger) and humans (food handlers, and hospitalized patients) in Zagazig city, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt. We analyzed 176 samples (112 human samples: 72 from hospitalized patients and 40 from food handlers, 64 RTE meat samples: 38 from shawarma and 26 from burger). Using phenotypic, PCR-based identification of nuc gene and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), 60 coagulase-positive S. aureus (COPS) isolates were identified in the samples as follow: RTE meat (15/64, 23.4%), hospitalized patients (33/72, 45.8%) and food handlers (12/40, 30%). All the COPS isolates were mecA positive (and thus were classified as MRSA) and multidrug resistant with multiple antibiotic resistance indices ranging from 0.25 to 0.92. Overall, resistance to cefepime (96.7%), penicillin (88.3%), were common, followed by ampicillin-sulbactam (65%), ciprofloxacin (55%), nitrofurontoin (51.7%), and gentamicin (43.3%). VRSA was detected in 30.3% of COPS hospitalized patient's isolates, 26.7% of COPS RTE meat isolates and 25% of COPS food handler's isolates. VanA, vanB, or both genes were detected in 64.7, 5.9, and 29.4% of all VAN-resistant isolates, respectively. The majority of the COPS isolates (50/60, 83.3%) have biofilm formation ability and harbored icaA (76%), icaD (74%), icaC (50%), and icaB (46%) biofilm-forming genes. The bap gene was not detected in any of the isolates. The ability of MRSA and VRSA isolates to produce biofilms in addition to being resistant to antimicrobials highlight the danger posed by these potentially virulent microorganisms persisting in RTE meat, food handlers, and patients. Taken together, good hygiene practices and antimicrobial surveillance plans should be strictly implemented along the food chain to reduce the risk of colonization and dissemination of MRSA and VRSA biofilm-producing strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taisir Saber
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Samir
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Rasha M. El-Mekkawy
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Eman Ariny
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Sara Ramadan El-Sayed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Gamal Enan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Sawasn H. Abdelatif
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Askora
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Abdallah M. A. Merwad
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Yasmine H. Tartor
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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26
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Siddiky NA, Sarker S, Khan SR, Rahman T, Kafi A, Samad MA. Virulence and antimicrobial resistance profile of non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica serovars recovered from poultry processing environments at wet markets in Dhaka, Bangladesh. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0254465. [PMID: 35130286 PMCID: PMC8820648 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid emergence of virulent and multidrug-resistant (MDR) non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) enterica serovars is a growing public health concern globally. The present study focused on the assessment of the pathogenicity and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiling of NTS enterica serovars isolated from the chicken processing environments at wet markets in Dhaka, Bangladesh. A total of 870 samples consisting of carcass dressing water (CDW), chopping board swabs (CBS), and knife swabs (KS) were collected from 29 wet markets. The prevalence of Salmonella was found to be 20% in CDW, 19.31% in CBS, and 17.58% in KS, respectively. Meanwhile, the MDR Salmonella was found to be 72.41%, 73.21%, and 68.62% in CDW, CBS, and KS, respectively. All isolates were screened by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for eight virulence genes, namely invA, agfA, IpfA, hilA, sivH, sefA, sopE, and spvC. The S. Enteritidis and untyped Salmonella isolates harbored all virulence genes while S. Typhimurium isolates carried six virulence genes, except sefA and spvC. Phenotypic resistance revealed decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin, streptomycin, ampicillin, tetracycline, gentamicin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, and azithromycin. Genotypic resistance showed a higher prevalence of plasmid-mediated blaTEM followed by tetA, sul1, sul2, sul3, and strA/B genes. The phenotypic and genotypic resistance profiles of the isolates showed a harmonic and symmetrical trend. According to the findings, MDR and virulent NTS enterica serovars predominate in wet market conditions and can easily enter the human food chain. The chi-square analysis showed significantly higher associations among the phenotypic resistance, genotypic resistance and virulence genes in CDW, CBS, and KS respectively (p < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nure Alam Siddiky
- Antimicrobial Resistance Action Center, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Samun Sarker
- Antimicrobial Resistance Action Center, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shahidur Rahman Khan
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Tanvir Rahman
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Abdul Kafi
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammed A. Samad
- Antimicrobial Resistance Action Center, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Pérez JI, Álvarez-Arroyo R, Arrieta J, Suescun JM, Paunero S, Gómez MA. Occurrence of antibiotics and antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) in the Nervión river. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 288:132479. [PMID: 34626662 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The main hydrometeorological, microbiological and physico-chemical characteristics of the Nervión river were monitored during a year, including 10 antibiotics and the presence of bacteria resistant to these antibiotics among faecal coliforms (FC) and total aerobic bacteria at 22 °C (TAB22). The characteristics of the river water were variable without a clear seasonal component, strongly influenced by rainfall, with a good quality for drinking water production throughout the year according to the physico-chemical parameters. The antibiotic resistant bacteria isolated from the water of the Nervión river were especially resistant to β-lactams and macrolide antibiotics, highlighting the absence of resistance to derivatives of tetracyclines among strains of TAB22. A third of the isolated strains were multi-resistant to antibiotics with a seasonal component in its presence, with multi-resistant FC more abundant during summer and multi-resistant TAB22 more abundant during winter. The presence of antibiotics in the waters of the Nervión river was not very significant, with total absence of β-lactams, minocycline and ciprofloxacin. Erythromycin and clarithromycin can be considered ubiquitous with mean concentrations of 2.5 ± 2.3 ngL-1 and 5.7 ± 4.6 ngL-1 respectively, and the presence of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim was also noticeable with maximum concentrations of 78.3 ngL-1 for sulfamethoxazole. Dilution due to the increase of rainfall was observed for several analysed antibiotics, but without significant seasonal differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- J I Pérez
- Technologies for Water Management and Treatment Research Group, University of Granada, Spain.
| | - R Álvarez-Arroyo
- Technologies for Water Management and Treatment Research Group, University of Granada, Spain.
| | - J Arrieta
- Department of Research and Development, CADAGUA S.A., Gran Vía 45, 7(a), 48011, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - J M Suescun
- Department of Research and Development, CADAGUA S.A., Gran Vía 45, 7(a), 48011, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - S Paunero
- Bilbao-Bizkaia Water Consortium, 48001, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - M A Gómez
- Technologies for Water Management and Treatment Research Group, University of Granada, Spain.
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Mok JS, Cho SR, Park YJ, Jo MR, Ha KS, Kim PH, Kim MJ. Distribution and antimicrobial resistance of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from fish and shrimp aquaculture farms along the Korean coast. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 171:112785. [PMID: 34340145 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in water samples and aquatic animals (fish and shrimp) from major aquaculture farms along the Korean coast in 2018. V. parahaemolyticus is the most common pathogen causing seafood-borne illness. The strain was detected in 34.7% of all samples tested, and was detected at higher levels during summer to autumn when the water temperature is higher. Although more than 90.0% of V. parahaemolyticus isolates were sensitive to 13 of the 15 antimicrobials tested, which is useful for treating V. parahaemolyticus infectious disease, the isolates exhibited higher resistance to two antibiotics (colistin and ampicillin), which should be excluded as treatment options for these infections. Koreans typically enjoy consuming raw seafood. To reduce the potential human health risk of raw seafood consumption, the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of V. parahaemolyticus in aquaculture environments should be continuously valuated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Soo Mok
- South Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Yeosu 59780, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung Rae Cho
- Food Safety and Processing Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Jeong Park
- Food Safety and Processing Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Ra Jo
- Food Safety and Processing Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Soo Ha
- Southeast Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Tongyeong 53085, Republic of Korea
| | - Poong Ho Kim
- Food Safety and Processing Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ju Kim
- West Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Incheon 22383, Republic of Korea
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29
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De Silva LADS, Wickramanayake MVKS, Heo GJ. Occurrence of Virulence and Antimicrobial Resistance Determinants in Vibrio harveyi Isolated from Marine Food Fish Cultured in Korea. Microb Drug Resist 2021; 28:255-265. [PMID: 34569863 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2020.0618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio harveyi is a significant cause of infection in both marine animals and humans. It has been reported frequently in seafood-borne infections worldwide. This study was conducted to determine the potential health impact of the V. harveyi isolated from marine food fish cultured in Korea concerning their virulence and antimicrobial resistance. A total of 49 V. harveyi samples were isolated by biochemical tests and multiplex PCR. Phenotypic detection of virulence factors resulted DNase activity (81.63%), hemolysis (α = 75.51% and β = 12.25), gelatinase activity (71.43%), protease production (71.43%), phospholipase activity (65.31%), and lipase production (34.69%). Virulence genes, including VPI, tlh, tdh, toxR, VAC, and ctxAB, were detected in 57.14%, 44.90%, 36.73%, 22.45%, 12.24%, and 8.16% of the isolates, respectively. Resistance to ampicillin (77.55%), oxacillin (69.39%), nalidixic acid (53.06%), amoxicillin (46.94%), oxytetracycline (46.94%), colistin sulfate (34.69%), fosfomycin (34.69%), chloramphenicol (32.65%), streptomycin (32.65%), cephalothin (28.57%), oxytetracycline (26.53%), ceftriaxone (20.41%), erythromycin (14.29%), and cefoxitin (12.24%) was detected in disc diffusion assay. Most of the isolates were classified as multidrug resistant as they scored multiple antimicrobial resistance index ≥0.2. Furthermore, antimicrobial resistance genes tetB, qnrA, intI1 (Class 1 integron integrase), aac(6')-Ib, blaSHV, blaCTX-M, strA-strB, tetA, aphAI-IAB, qnrC, qnrS, and blaTEM were found in 81.63%, 67.35%, 61.22%, 46.94%, 44.90%, 44.90%, 36.73%, 18.37%, 10.20%, 10.20%, 8.16% and 6.12% of the isolates, respectively. In conclusion, the development of antimicrobial resistance among V. harveyi will ultimately reduce the efficacy of antimicrobials used for treating and can favor the development of more virulent V. harveyi strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyana Arachchilage Dinithi S De Silva
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Gang-Joon Heo
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
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Osman AY, Elmi SA, Simons D, Elton L, Haider N, Khan MA, Othman I, Zumla A, McCoy D, Kock R. Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns and Risk Factors Associated with Salmonella spp. Isolates from Poultry Farms in the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10091160. [PMID: 34578192 PMCID: PMC8470665 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10091160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The burden of antimicrobial use in agricultural settings is one of the greatest challenges facing global health and food security in the modern era. Malaysian poultry operations are a relevant but understudied component of epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance. We aimed to identify the prevalence, resistance patterns, and risk factors associated with Salmonella isolates from poultry farms in three states of East Coast Peninsular Malaysia. Between 8 February 2019 and 23 February 2020, a total of 371 samples (cloacal swabs = 259; faecal = 84; Sewage = 14, Tap water = 14) was collected from poultry operations. Characteristics of the sampled farms and associated risk factors were obtained using semi-structured questionnaires. Presumptive Salmonella spp. isolates were identified based on colony morphology with subsequent biochemical and PCR confirmation. Susceptibility of isolates was tested against a panel of 12 antimicrobials using disk diffusion method. Our findings revealed that the proportion of Salmonella spp.-positive isolates across sample source were as following: cloacal swab (46.3%, 120/259); faecal (59.5%, 50/84); in tap water (14.3%, 2/14); and in sewage sample (35.7%, 5/14). Isolates from faecal (15.5%, 13/84), cloacal (1.2%, 3/259), and sewage (7.1%, 1/14) samples were significantly resistant to at least five classes of antimicrobials. Resistance to Sulfonamides class (52%, 92/177) was predominantly observed followed by tetracycline (39.5%, 70/177) and aminoglycosides (35.6%, 63/177). Multivariate regression analysis identified intensive management system (OR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.00–2.40) as a leading driver of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) acquisition. A prevalence of resistance to common antimicrobials was recorded for sulfamethoxazole (33.9%), tetracycline (39.5%), and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (37.9%). A close association between different risk factors and the prevalence of AMR of Salmonella strains suggests a concern over rising misuse of veterinary antimicrobials that may contribute to the emergence and evolution of multidrug-resistant pathogen isolates. One Health approach is recommended to achieve a positive health outcome for all species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdinasir Yusuf Osman
- The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK; (D.S.); (N.H.); (R.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-742-404-9130
| | - Sharifo Ali Elmi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Pengkalan Chepa, Kota Bharu 16100, Malaysia; (S.A.E.); (M.A.K.)
| | - David Simons
- The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK; (D.S.); (N.H.); (R.K.)
| | - Linzy Elton
- Centre for Clinical Microbiology, Department of Infection, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK; (L.E.); (A.Z.)
| | - Najmul Haider
- The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK; (D.S.); (N.H.); (R.K.)
| | - Mohd Azam Khan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Pengkalan Chepa, Kota Bharu 16100, Malaysia; (S.A.E.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Iekhsan Othman
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 46150, Malaysia;
| | - Alimuddin Zumla
- Centre for Clinical Microbiology, Department of Infection, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK; (L.E.); (A.Z.)
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University College London Hospitals, London NW1 2BU, UK
| | - David McCoy
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, Barts and London Medical and Dental School, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AD, UK;
| | - Richard Kock
- The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK; (D.S.); (N.H.); (R.K.)
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Adesiyan IM, Bisi-Johnson MA, Ogunfowokan AO, Okoh AI. Occurrence and antibiogram signatures of some Vibrio species recovered from selected rivers in South West Nigeria. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:42458-42476. [PMID: 33813704 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13603-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio species, widely distributed in water environments, has emerged as a prominent cause of water and food-related disease outbreaks posing significant risk to human and animal health worldwide. About 40% of presumptive isolates recovered from four selected rivers in Southwest Nigeria and, established as Vibrio species genus through polymerase chain reaction techniques., were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing against a panel of 18 commonly used antibiotics. The relative prevalence of key Vibrio species (V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus, V. mimicus, V. harveyi, and V. cholerae) was in the order 17%, 13.3%, 4.4%, 2.2%, and 2.2% respectively. Antibiotic resistance by all Vibrio species was mostly observed against doxycycline (71-89%), erythromycin (86-100%), tetracycline (71-89%), rifampicin (86-100%), and sulfamethoxazole (87-100%), though susceptibility to meropenem (86-100%), cephalothin (60-100%), norfloxacin (93-100%), ciprofloxacin (88-100%), amikacin (64-100%), gentamicin (57-74%), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (57-81%) was equally observed in all species. Vibrio mimicus expressed highest resistance against streptomycin and chloramphenicol (64%), while V. vulnificus (52%) and V. cholerae (57%) had the highest resistance against cephalothin. High resistance against ampicillin (57%) and amoxicillin (50%) was exhibited by V. cholerae and V. mimicus respectively. Indexes of multiple antibiotic resistances (MARI) among Vibrio species ranged between 0.11 and 0.72 with the highest MAR index of 0.72 observed in one isolate of V. vulnificus. This study reveals high prevalence of Vibrio species in the selected rivers as well as elevated resistance against some first-line antibiotics, which suggests possible inappropriate antimicrobial usage around study communities. We conclude that the freshwater resources investigated are unfit for domestic, industrial, and recreational uses without treatment prior to use and are potential reservoirs of antibiotic-resistant Vibrio species in this environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibukun M Adesiyan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Achievers University, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria.
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Studies, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Osun-State, 220005, Nigeria.
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa.
| | | | - Aderemi O Ogunfowokan
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, The Technical University, Ibadan,, Oyo State, Nigeria
- Department of Chemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria
| | - Anthony I Okoh
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences College of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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32
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Ali A, Sultan I, Mondal AH, Siddiqui MT, Gogry FA, Haq QMR. Lentic and effluent water of Delhi-NCR: a reservoir of multidrug-resistant bacteria harbouring blaCTX-M, blaTEM and blaSHV type ESBL genes. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2021; 19:592-603. [PMID: 34371496 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2021.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is not restricted to clinics but also spreading fast in the aquatic environment. This study focused on the prevalence and diversity of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) genes among bacteria from lentic and effluent water in Delhi-NCR, India. Phenotypic screening of 436 morphologically distinct bacterial isolates collected from diverse sites revealed that 106 (∼24%) isolates were ESBL positive. Antibiotic profiling showed that 42, 60, 78 and 59% ESBL producing isolates collected from Ghazipur slaughterhouse, Lodhi garden pond, Hauz Khas lake and Jasola wastewater treatment plant, respectively, were multidrug-resistant (MDR). The multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index varied from 0.20 to 0.32 among selected locations. The prevalence of ESBL gene variants blaSHV, blaTEM and blaCTX-M were found to be 17.64, 35.29 and 64%, respectively. Furthermore, the analysis of obtained gene sequences showed three variants of blaCTX-M (15, 152 and 205) and two variants of blaTEM (TEM-1 and TEM-116) among ESBL producers. The co-existence of 2-3 gene variants was recorded among 48% ESBL positive isolates. New reports from this study include the blaCTX-M gene in Acinetobacter lwoffii, Enterobacter ludwigii, Exiguobacterium mexicanum and Aeromonas caviae. Furthermore, the identification of blaTEM and blaSHV in an environmental isolate of A. caviae is a new report from India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asghar Ali
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India E-mail: ;
| | - Insha Sultan
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India E-mail: ;
| | - Aftab Hossain Mondal
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India E-mail: ;
| | | | - Firdoos Ahmad Gogry
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India E-mail: ;
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Fernandes M, Grilo ML, Carneiro C, Cunha E, Tavares L, Patino-Martinez J, Oliveira M. Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence Profiles of Gram-Negative Bacteria Isolated from Loggerhead Sea Turtles ( Caretta caretta) of the Island of Maio, Cape Verde. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10070771. [PMID: 34202799 PMCID: PMC8300689 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10070771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies revealed high levels of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta), describing this species as prime reservoir of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. This study aimed to characterise, for the first time, the AMR and virulence profiles of Gram-negative bacteria isolated from 33 nesting loggerhead turtles of the island of Maio, Cape Verde. Cloacal, oral, and egg content swab samples (n = 99) were collected and analysed using conventional bacteriological techniques. Shewanella putrefaciens, Morganella morganii, and Vibrio alginolyticus were isolated from the samples under study. The isolates obtained from this loggerhead subpopulation (North-East Atlantic) revealed lower levels of AMR, compared with the results of studies performed in other subpopulations (e.g., Mediterranean). However, the detection of resistance to carbapenems and multiple antimicrobial resistance indices higher than 0.20, raises concern about the potential association of these animals to points of high antimicrobial exposure. Furthermore, virulence phenotypic characterisation revealed that the isolates presented complex virulence profiles, including the ability to produce biofilms. Finally, due to their pathogenic potential, and considering the evidence of illegal consumption of turtle-related products on the island of Maio, the identified bacteria may represent a significant threat to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Fernandes
- CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.F.); (M.L.G.); (C.C.); (E.C.); (L.T.)
- Veterinários Sem Fronteiras, Av. Da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Miguel L. Grilo
- CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.F.); (M.L.G.); (C.C.); (E.C.); (L.T.)
| | - Carla Carneiro
- CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.F.); (M.L.G.); (C.C.); (E.C.); (L.T.)
| | - Eva Cunha
- CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.F.); (M.L.G.); (C.C.); (E.C.); (L.T.)
| | - Luís Tavares
- CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.F.); (M.L.G.); (C.C.); (E.C.); (L.T.)
| | - Juan Patino-Martinez
- Maio Biodiversity Foundation (FMB), Cidade Porto Inglês, Ilha do Maio 6110, Cape Verde;
| | - Manuela Oliveira
- CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.F.); (M.L.G.); (C.C.); (E.C.); (L.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-213602052
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34
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Siddiky NA, Sarker MS, Khan MSR, Begum R, Kabir ME, Karim MR, Rahman MT, Mahmud A, Samad MA. Virulence and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Salmonella enterica Serovars Isolated from Chicken at Wet Markets in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Microorganisms 2021; 9:952. [PMID: 33924919 PMCID: PMC8145576 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9050952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Virulent and multi drug resistant (MDR) Salmonellaenterica is a foremost cause of foodborne diseases and had serious public health concern globally. The present study was undertaken to identify the pathogenicity and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles of Salmonellaenterica serovars recovered from chicken at wet markets in Dhaka, Bangladesh. A total of 870 cecal contents of broiler, sonali, and native chickens were collected from 29 wet markets. The overall prevalence of S. Typhimurium, S. Enteritidis, and untyped Salmonella spp., were found to be 3.67%, 0.57%, and 1.95% respectively. All isolates were screened by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for eight virulence genes, namely invA, agfA, IpfA, hilA, sivH, sefA, sopE, and spvC. S. Enteritidis isolates carried all virulence genes whilst S. Typhimurium isolates carried six virulence genes except sefA and spvC. A diverse phenotypic and genotypic AMR pattern was found. Harmonic descending trends of resistance patterns were observed among the broiler, sonali, and native chickens. Interestingly, virulent and MDR Salmonella enterica serovars were found in native chicken, although antimicrobials were not used in their production cycle. The research findings anticipate that virulent and MDR Salmonella enterica are roaming in the wet markets which can easily anchor to the vendor, consumers, and in the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nure Alam Siddiky
- Antimicrobial Resistance Action Center, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka 1341, Bangladesh; (N.A.S.); (M.S.S.); (R.B.); (M.E.K.); (M.R.K.); (A.M.)
| | - Md Samun Sarker
- Antimicrobial Resistance Action Center, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka 1341, Bangladesh; (N.A.S.); (M.S.S.); (R.B.); (M.E.K.); (M.R.K.); (A.M.)
| | - Md. Shahidur Rahman Khan
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh; (M.S.R.K.); (M.T.R.)
| | - Ruhena Begum
- Antimicrobial Resistance Action Center, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka 1341, Bangladesh; (N.A.S.); (M.S.S.); (R.B.); (M.E.K.); (M.R.K.); (A.M.)
| | - Md. Ehsanul Kabir
- Antimicrobial Resistance Action Center, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka 1341, Bangladesh; (N.A.S.); (M.S.S.); (R.B.); (M.E.K.); (M.R.K.); (A.M.)
| | - Md. Rezaul Karim
- Antimicrobial Resistance Action Center, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka 1341, Bangladesh; (N.A.S.); (M.S.S.); (R.B.); (M.E.K.); (M.R.K.); (A.M.)
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Md. Tanvir Rahman
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh; (M.S.R.K.); (M.T.R.)
| | - Asheak Mahmud
- Antimicrobial Resistance Action Center, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka 1341, Bangladesh; (N.A.S.); (M.S.S.); (R.B.); (M.E.K.); (M.R.K.); (A.M.)
| | - Mohammed A. Samad
- Antimicrobial Resistance Action Center, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka 1341, Bangladesh; (N.A.S.); (M.S.S.); (R.B.); (M.E.K.); (M.R.K.); (A.M.)
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From Farm-to-Fork: E. Coli from an Intensive Pig Production System in South Africa Shows High Resistance to Critically Important Antibiotics for Human and Animal Use. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10020178. [PMID: 33578692 PMCID: PMC7916376 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10020178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance profiles of Escherichia coli were investigated in an intensive pig production system in the uMgungundlovu District, South Africa, using the 'farm-to-fork' approach. Four hundred seventeen (417) samples were collected from pig and pig products at different points (farm, transport, and abattoir). E. coli was isolated and enumerated using the Colilert® 18/Quanti-Tray® 2000 system. Ten isolates from each Quanti-tray were selected randomly and putatively identified on eosin methylene blue agar. Real-time PCR targeting the uidA gene was used to confirm isolates to the genus level. The Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method was used to determine the isolates' antibiotic susceptibility profiles against 20 antibiotics. A total of 1044 confirmed E. coli isolates were obtained across the three critical points in the food chain. Resistance was observed to all the antibiotics tested with the highest and lowest rates obtained against tetracycline (88.5%) and meropenem (0.2%), respectively. Resistance was also observed to chloramphenicol (71.4%), ampicillin (71.1%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (61.3%), amoxicillin-clavulanate (43.8%), cephalexin (34.3%), azithromycin (23.9%), nalidixic acid (22.1%), cefoxitin (21.1%), ceftriaxone (18.9%), ciprofloxacin (17.3%), cefotaxime (16.9%), gentamicin (15.5%), cefepime (13.8%), ceftazidime (9.8%), amikacin (3.4%), piperacillin-tazobactam (1.2%), tigecycline (0.9%), and imipenem (0.3%). Multidrug resistance (MDR) was observed in 71.2% of the resistant isolates with an overall multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index of 0.25, indicating exposure to high antibiotic use environments at the farm level. A high percentage of resistance was observed to growth promoters and antibiotics approved for veterinary medicine in South Africa. Of concern was resistance to critically important antibiotics for animal and human use and the watch and reserve categories of antibiotics. This could have adverse animal and human health consequences from a food safety perspective, necessitating efficient antibiotic stewardship and guidelines to streamline antibiotic use in the food-animal production chain.
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Yuan W, Zhang Y, Riaz L, Yang Q, Du B, Wang R. Multiple antibiotic resistance and DNA methylation in Enterobacteriaceae isolates from different environments. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 402:123822. [PMID: 33254807 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistant bacteria with diverse resistance phenotypes and genotypes are ubiquitous in the environments that have become a global health concern. The role of DNA methylation in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance among different environments is currently unclear. We recovered 646 Enterobacteriaceae (Eb) isolates from hospital, livestock manure, municipal wastewater-treatment plants, river sediment and soil for comprehensive analysis of resistance phenotypes, β-lactamase genes, integrons, integron-associated gene cassettes and the levels of DNA methylation. Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed that approximately 87.31 % isolates were multidrug resistant Eb. The β-lactamase genes were positively detected in 473 isolates with greater diversity in human or animal sourced Eb, while its prevalence was found to be highest in the Eb isolates from the natural environments. Forty-three gene cassettes (28 different types mediated by intI1) were detected in 53 (19.63 %) isolates, with greater diversity in Eb isolates from hospital and livestock manure. The multiple antibiotic resistance index of single strain was positively correlated with the 5-methylcytosine and showed a negative correlation with 6-methylademine. We conclude that the development of antibiotic resistance could possibly be coupled with DNA methylation, which might enhance the antimicrobial resistance and survival capacity of Eb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yuan
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China
| | - Yongli Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Luqman Riaz
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Qingxiang Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Agricultural Microbial Ecology and Technology, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China.
| | - Bingbing Du
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Ruifei Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Agricultural Microbial Ecology and Technology, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
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Nascimento PAD, Kogawa AC, Salgado HRN. Cephalothin: Review of Characteristics, Properties and Status of Analytical Methods. J AOAC Int 2020; 104:1593-1608. [PMID: 33252646 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsaa163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cephalothin (CET), a first generation cephalosporin, is the most efficient cephalosporin against resistant microorganisms. Many studies found in literature and pharmacopeias proposes analytical methods and, as most commonly, HPLC and microbiological assays. OBJECTIVE This paper shows a brief review of analytical method to quantify CET with a green analytical chemistry approach. METHODS The research data were collected from the literature and official compendia. RESULTS Most of the analytical methods to determine CET were performed by HPLC and agar diffusion in pharmaceuticals, blood, urine or water. Other analytical methods were found, as UV, Vis, iodometry, fluorimetry, IR/Raman, electrochemical among others, but, in less quantity. One important aspect is that these methods use organic and toxic solvents like methanol and acetonitrile, and only about 4% of the methods found uses water as solvent. CONCLUSIONS In this way, researches about analytical methods focused on green analytical chemistry for CET are of great importance and very relevant to optimize its analysis in pharmaceutical industries and to guarantee the quality of the product. More than just the development of new techniques it is possible to enhance of the ones that already exists applying the green analytical chemistry principles. In this way, it will be possible to reduce the environment impacts caused by these analytical procedures. HIGHLIGHTS This work shows a brief review of literature and pharmacopeias of analytical methods to quantify CET. Its quality control can be updated to meet the needs of current analytical chemistry and to fit into sustainable and eco-friendly analyzes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Aleixa do Nascimento
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Araraquara, Univ Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Kogawa
- Universidade Federal de Goiás - UFG, Faculdade de Farmácia, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Hérida Regina Nunes Salgado
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Araraquara, Univ Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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Saengsitthisak B, Chaisri W, Punyapornwithaya V, Mektrirat R, Klayraung S, Bernard JK, Pikulkaew S. Occurrence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles of Multidrug-Resistant Aeromonads Isolated from Freshwater Ornamental Fish in Chiang Mai Province. Pathogens 2020; 9:E973. [PMID: 33266430 PMCID: PMC7700646 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9110973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobials are commonly used to prevent and treat disease in the ornamental fish industry. However, the indiscriminate and comprehensive overuse of unregulated antimicrobials without appropriate diagnostic examination could contribute to the development of antimicrobial-resistant strains of bacterial pathogens. Moreover, human infections caused by pathogens transmitted from fish or the aquatic environment are quite common. The frequent detection of antimicrobial resistance in ornamental fish and their environments are inevitable so as to decrease the transfer of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria from aquatic sources to other environments. This study evaluated the prevalence of common bacteria species and the antimicrobial susceptibility profile in ornamental fish that were sold in an ornamental fish shop in Chiang Mai, Thailand. Aeromonas spp. were the most dominant of the isolated species from the ornamental fish samples and accounted for 68.09% of the total. Other species detected included Vibrio spp., Pseudomonas spp., and Citrobacter spp. A high percentage of resistance to amoxicillin (93.75%), oxytetracycline (79.69%), and erythromycin (75.00%) was observed among the Aeromonas spp. The antimicrobial resistance information for ornamental fish is very limited, and the results from this study indicate that the Aeromonas spp. are highly resistant to several important antibiotics. The results suggest that additional steps should be taken to educate store owners to reduce the indiscriminate use of these antibiotics to decrease the antimicrobial resistance in ornamental fish to potentially improve public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banthita Saengsitthisak
- Graduate Program in Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand;
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Payap University, Chiang Mai 50000, Thailand
| | - Wasana Chaisri
- Department of Food Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (W.C.); (V.P.)
| | - Veerasak Punyapornwithaya
- Department of Food Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (W.C.); (V.P.)
| | - Raktham Mektrirat
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand;
- Epidemiology Research Center of Infectious Disease, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Srikanjana Klayraung
- Division of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand;
| | - John K. Bernard
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, The University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31793-5766, USA;
| | - Surachai Pikulkaew
- Department of Food Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (W.C.); (V.P.)
- Research Center of Producing and Development of Products and Innovations for Animal Health and Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
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Iwu CD, du Plessis EM, Korsten L, Nontongana N, Okoh AI. Antibiogram Signatures of Some Enterobacteria Recovered from Irrigation Water and Agricultural Soil in two District Municipalities of South Africa. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8081206. [PMID: 32784678 PMCID: PMC7463487 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8081206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was undertaken to evaluate the antibiogram fingerprints of some Enterobacteria recovered from irrigation water and agricultural soil in two District Municipalities of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa using standard culture-based and molecular methods. The prevalent resistance patterns in the isolates follow the order: Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium [tetracycline (92.3%), ampicillin (69.2%)]; Enterobacter cloacae [amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (77.6%), ampicillin (84.5%), cefuroxime (81.0%), nitrofurantoin (81%), and tetracycline (80.3%)]; Klebsiella pneumoniae [amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (80.6%), ampicillin (88.9%), and cefuroxime (61.1%)]; and Klebsiella oxytoca [chloramphenicol (52.4%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (61.9%), ampicillin (61.9%), and nitrofurantoin (61.9%)]. Antibiotic resistance genes detected include tetC (86%), sulII (86%), and blaAmpC (29%) in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium., tetA (23%), tetB (23%), tetC (12%), sulI (54%), sulII (54%), catII (71%), blaAmpC (86%), blaTEM (43%), and blaPER (17%) in Enterobacter cloacae., tetA (20%), tetC (20%), tetD (10%), sulI (9%), sulII (18%), FOX (11%) and CIT (11%)-type plasmid-mediated AmpC, blaTEM (11%), and blaSHV (5%) in Klebsiella pneumoniae and blaAmpC (18%) in Klebsiella oxytoca. Our findings document the occurrence of some antibiotic-resistant Enterobacteria in irrigation water and agricultural soil in Amathole and Chris Hani District Municipalities, Eastern Cape Province of South Africa, thus serving as a potential threat to food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chidozie Declan Iwu
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa; (N.N.); (A.I.O.)
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
- Correspondence:
| | - Erika M du Plessis
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; (E.M.d.P.); (L.K.)
| | - Lise Korsten
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; (E.M.d.P.); (L.K.)
| | - Nolonwabo Nontongana
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa; (N.N.); (A.I.O.)
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
| | - Anthony Ifeanyi Okoh
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa; (N.N.); (A.I.O.)
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
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Anthony ET, Ojemaye MO, Okoh OO, Okoh AI. A critical review on the occurrence of resistomes in the environment and their removal from wastewater using apposite treatment technologies: Limitations, successes and future improvement. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 263:113791. [PMID: 32224385 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Recent reports are pointing towards the potential increasing risks of resistomes in human host. With no permissible limit in sight, resistomes are continually multiplying at an alarming rate in the ecosystem, with a disturbing level in drinking water source. The morphology and chemical constituent of resistomes afford them to resist degradation, elude membrane and counter ionic charge, thereby, rendering both conventional and advanced water and wastewater treatment inefficient. Water and wastewater matrix may govern the propagation of individual resistomes sub-type, co-selection and specific interaction towards precise condition may have enhanced the current challenge. This review covers recent reports (2011-2019) on the occurrence of ARB/ARGs and ease of spread of resistance genes in the aquatic ecosystem. The contributions of water matrix to the spread and mitigation, treatment options, via bulk removal or capture, and intracellular and extracellular DNA lysis were discussed. A complete summary of recent occurrences of ARB/ARGs, fate after disinfection and optimum conditions of individual treatment technology or in tandem, including process limitations, with a brief assessment of removal or degradation mechanism were highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Tobechukwu Anthony
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa; SAMRC, Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa; AEMREG, Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa.
| | - Mike O Ojemaye
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa; SAMRC, Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa; AEMREG, Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
| | - Omobola O Okoh
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa; SAMRC, Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa; AEMREG, Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
| | - Anthony I Okoh
- SAMRC, Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa; AEMREG, Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
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Chigor V, Ibangha IA, Chigor C, Titilawo Y. Treated wastewater used in fresh produce irrigation in Nsukka, Southeast Nigeria is a reservoir of enterotoxigenic and multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03780. [PMID: 32373727 PMCID: PMC7191586 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Occurrences of pathogens in environmental and irrigation waters, as well as the use of inadequately treated sewage for fresh produce constitute potential public health threats worldwide. Objective To investigate the treated wastewater used in fresh produce irrigation in Nsuskka, Southeastern Nigeria, as a reservoir enterotoxigenic and multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli. Methods Treated wastewater (from the sewage treatment facility at Nsukka, Southeast Nigeria), soil and irrigated vegetable samples were collected and analyzed using standard procedures. Escherichia coli isolated from the samples were screened for the presence of enterotoxigenic E. coli strain encoding lt gene and profiled for antibiotic resistance using the conventional PCR and standardized agar disk diffusion assays respectively. Results Of the total presumptive 103 isolates, PCR detected uidA gene in 87 (84 %), of which 23 (26 %) harboured the lt encoding ETEC gene. Generally, imipenem, cefuroxime and norfloxacin proved to be most effective of all the antibiotics employed. Wastewater isolates were variously susceptible to ciprofloxacin (95 %), norfloxacin (95 %), cefuroxime (93 %), chloramphenicol (93 %), trimethoprim and tetracycline (88 %), soil isolates to streptomycin (75 %) and vegetable isolates to cefuroxime (90 %), norfloxacin (86 %), ciprofloxacin (81 %) and chloramphenicol. Contrariwise, high resistances observed to other antibiotics were in the order; ampicillin (95 %), penicillin (93 %), erythromycin (90 %) and clarithromycin (83 %) among wastewater isolates, ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin (75 %) in soil isolates; penicillin, vancomycin and erythromycin (98 %), rifampicin and clarithromycin (93 %), sulphamethoxazole (83 %), ampicillin (81 %), tetracycline and imipenem (76 %), trimethoprim (72 %) and amoxicillin (71 %) among vegetable isolates, with multidrug resistance patterns ranging from three to seventeen. Conclusions Our results reveal the treated wastewater as a reservoir of enterotoxigenic E. coli as well as multidrug resistance that may pose a health hazard for humans and animals when released to the natural environment. Hence, there is need to develop management strategies and ensure compliance in order to prevent water-borne diarrhoea caused by ETEC and reduce the menace of antibiotic resistance in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Chigor
- Water and Public Health Research Group, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Ini-Abasi Ibangha
- Water and Public Health Research Group, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Chinyere Chigor
- Water and Public Health Research Group, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
- Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Yinka Titilawo
- Department of Biology/Microbiology/Biotechnology, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike, Ikwo, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
- Institute for Environmental Biotechnology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
- Corresponding author.
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Elufisan TO, Luna ICR, Oyedara OO, Varela AS, García VB, Oluyide BO, Treviño SF, López MAV, Guo X. Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Stenotrophomonas species isolated from Mexico. Afr Health Sci 2020; 20:168-181. [PMID: 33402905 PMCID: PMC7750080 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v20i1.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stenotrophomonas species are multi-resistant bacteria with ability to cause opportunistic infections. OBJECTIVE We isolated 45 Stenotrophomonas species from soil, sewage and the clinic with the aim of investigating their susceptibility to commonly used antimicrobial agents. METHODOLOGY The identities of isolates were confirmed with 16S rRNA gene sequence and MALDI-TOF analysis. Anti-microbial resistance, biofilm production and clonal diversity were also evaluated. The minimum inhibitory concentration technique as described by Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute: CLSI Guidelines (CLSI) was employed for the evaluation of isolate susceptibility to antibiotics. RESULT Forty-five Stenotrophomonas species which include 36 environmental strains and 9 clinical strains of S. maltophilia were considered in this study. 32 (88.9 %) environmental strains were identified to be S. maltophilia, 2 (5.6 %) were Stenotrophomonas nitritireducens, and 2 (5.6 %) cluster as Stenotrophomonas spp. Stenotrophomonas isolates were resistant to at least six of the antibiotics tested, including Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole (SXT). CONCLUSION Environmental isolates from this study were resistant to SXT which is commonly used for the treatment of S. maltophilia infections. This informs the need for good public hygiene as the environment could be a reservoir of multi-resistant bacteria. It also buttresses the importance of surveillance study in the management of bacterial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temidayo O Elufisan
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Reynosa, Tamaulipas 88710, México
- National Center for Technology Management (An agency of the Federal Ministry of Science and Technology (FMST), Nigeria, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife)
| | | | - Omotayo O Oyedara
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Basic and Applied Science, Osun State University, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Alejandro Sanchez Varela
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Reynosa, Tamaulipas 88710, México
| | | | - Busayo O Oluyide
- Ekiti State College of Science and Health Technology, Ijero Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Samantha Flores Treviño
- Departamento de Medicina, Autonomous University of Nuevo León (UANL), Interna San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico
| | - Miguel Angel Villalobos López
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Aplicada, Tepetitla, Tlaxcala 90700, México
| | - Xianwu Guo
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Reynosa, Tamaulipas 88710, México
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Iwu CD, Okoh AI. Characterization of antibiogram fingerprints in Listeria monocytogenes recovered from irrigation water and agricultural soil samples. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228956. [PMID: 32040533 PMCID: PMC7010277 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) is a foodborne pathogen and the etiologic agent of listeriosis, which can be disseminated within the agricultural environment particularly soil and irrigation water, contaminate farm produce and cause high mortality and morbidity among vulnerable individuals. This study assessed the incidence and antibiogram of L. monocytogenes recovered from irrigation water and agricultural soil samples collected from Chris Hani and Amathole District Municipalities (DMs) in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. The distribution of presumptive L. monocytogenes in irrigation water and agricultural soil samples was done using the standard plate count method, while polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to identify the isolates. The confirmed isolates were screened for 9 key virulence markers using PCR after which they were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing against 18 antibiotics used for the alleviation of listeriosis using the disk diffusion method. Relevant putative antibiotic resistance genes in the resistant variants were screened for using PCR. The distribution of L. monocytogenes in irrigation water samples was statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05) and ranged from log10 1.00 CFU/100ml to log10 3.75 CFU/100 ml. In agricultural soil samples, the distribution ranged significantly (P ≤ 0.05) from log10 2.10 CFU/g to log10 3.51 CFU/g. Of the 117 presumptive L. monocytogenes recovered from irrigation water samples and 183 presumptive L. monocytogenes isolated from agricultural soil samples, 8 (6.8%) and 12 (6.6%) isolates were confirmed respectively. Nine virulence genes including inlA, inlB, inlC, inlJ, actA, hlyA, plcA, plcB, and iap were detected in all the isolates. The proportion of the isolates exhibiting phenotypic resistance against the test antimicrobials followed the order: tetracycline (90%), doxycycline (85%), cefotaxime (80%), penicillin (80%), chloramphenicol (70%), linezolid (65%), erythromycin (60%) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (55%). The isolates exhibited multiple antibiotic resistance against 3 or more antibiotics and the MAR indices of all the multidrug isolates were ≥0.2. The isolates harboured antibiotic resistance genes including tetA, tetB, tetC, sulI, sulII, aadA, aac(3)-IIa and ESBLs including blaTEM, blaCTX-M group 9, blaVEBas well as AmpC. None of the isolates harboured the carbapenemases. We conclude that irrigation water and agricultural soil collected from Chris Hani and Amathole District Municipalities (DMs) in Eastern Cape Province of South Africa are reservoirs and potential transmission routes of multidrug-resistant L. monocytogenes to the food web and consequently threat to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chidozie Declan Iwu
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa.,Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
| | - Anthony Ifeanyi Okoh
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa.,Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
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Mok JS, Ryu A, Kwon JY, Park K, Shim KB. Abundance, antimicrobial resistance, and virulence of pathogenic Vibrio strains from molluscan shellfish farms along the Korean coast. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 149:110559. [PMID: 31543492 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To reduce the outbreaks caused by the major pathogenic Vibrio species, V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus, and V. cholerae, the distribution, antibiotic resistance, and virulence of these Vibrio strains were monitored in shellfish and seawater along the Korean coast. Among the Vibrio strains, V. parahaemolyticus was the most abundant species; during summer, this strain showed a substantial increase that correlated with the water temperature. Although >99.0% of the Vibrio species isolates were sensitive to seven antimicrobials recommended by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention for the treatment of Vibrio infections, multiple-antibiotic resistance to at least three antimicrobials was found in 14.3% to 50.0% of each Vibrio species. Among V. parahaemolyticus isolates, 14.3% were positive for the trh gene, whereas only 1% was positive for the tdh gene. These results should aid in implementing proper precautions to avoid potential human health risks associated with exposure to pathogenic Vibrio species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Soo Mok
- Food Safety and Processing Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ara Ryu
- Food Safety and Processing Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Kwon
- Southeast Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Tongyeong 53085, Republic of Korea
| | - Kunbawui Park
- Food Safety and Processing Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Kil Bo Shim
- Food Safety and Processing Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, Republic of Korea
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Distribution of Vibrio species isolated from bivalves and bivalve culture environments along the Gyeongnam coast in Korea: Virulence and antimicrobial resistance of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates. Food Control 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Ryu AR, Mok JS, Lee DE, Kwon JY, Park K. Occurrence, virulence, and antimicrobial resistance of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from bivalve shellfish farms along the southern coast of Korea. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:21034-21043. [PMID: 31115814 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05426-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is the most common pathogen causing seafood-borne illnesses in Korea. The present study evaluated the occurrence, virulence, and antimicrobial resistance of V. parahaemolyticus in seawater and bivalves obtained in 2016 from the southern coast of Korea, an important region for commercial aquaculture industries, especially the Korean raw seafood culture. V. parahaemolyticus was detected in 87 of 160 (54.4%) bivalve samples and in 32 of 130 (24.5%) seawater samples. Especially high levels were detected during summer to early autumn. All the seawater and bivalves contained less than 2 and 5% of the tdh and trh genes of the isolates, respectively, and seawater isolates possessed two fewer genes than the bivalve isolates. Of 23 antimicrobials tested, three agents (ofloxacin, norfloxacin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole) effectively treated V. parahaemolyticus illness due to the sensitivity of the isolates. The isolates were highly resistant to ampicillin, however, excluding it as a treatment option. More than half of the isolates exhibited resistance to at least three antimicrobials. These findings indicate the importance of an integrated monitoring and surveillance program noting the occurrence, virulence, and antimicrobial resistance patterns of V. parahaemolyticus in various aquatic sources for preventing human health risks from seafood consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ra Ryu
- Food Safety and Processing Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Soo Mok
- Food Safety and Processing Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea.
| | - Da Eun Lee
- Food Safety and Processing Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Kwon
- Southeast Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Sciences, Tongyeong, 53085, Republic of Korea
| | - Kunbawui Park
- Food Safety and Processing Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea
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Adesiyan IM, Bisi-Johnson MA, Ogunfowokan AO, Okoh AI. Incidence and antimicrobial susceptibility fingerprints of Plesiomonas shigelliodes isolates in water samples collected from some freshwater resources in Southwest Nigeria. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 665:632-640. [PMID: 30776635 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Plesiomonas shigelloides, is an emerging and significant enteric pathogen in water having implication in both localised and gastrointestinal infections with characteristic of displaying high resistance against commonly used antibiotics. This study evaluated the prevalence of Plesiomonas shigelloides and their antibiogram fingerprints in water sample collected from four rivers in South-western Nigeria. In all, 148 presumptive Plesiomonas shigelloides isolates was recovered from the rivers out of which 66 (44.6%) were confirmed positive for the organism using polymerase chain reaction techniques. Confirmed isolates were evaluated for their antibiogram profiles against a panel of 20 antimicrobials using the disc diffusion method and further screened for relevant antibiotic resistance genes. Resistance of the isolates against the antimicrobials followed the order: sulphamethoxazole (100%), erythromycin (93%), ampicillin (90%), cephalotin (82%), streptomycin (64%), and chloramphenicol (58%), amoxicillin (53%), cefotaxime (50%), tetracycline (49%), neomycin (38%) and trimethoprim + sulphamethoxazole (38%). Conversely, all the isolates were susceptible against netilmicin, and susceptibility against the other antibiotics follows the order: meropenem (94%), gentamicin (88%), imipenem (79%), amikacin (70%), ciprofloxacin (70%), norfloxacin (59%), trimethoprim (56%) and ceftazidine (56%). The multiple antibiotic resistance indices of the organism were higher than the accepted threshold of 0.2. The incidence of 11 antimicrobial resistance determinants were obtained as follows: [sulphonamides; (sulI (18%), sulII (20%), dfr1 (70%), dfr(18) (5%)), [beta-lactams; (ampC 37%)], [tetracyclines; (tetA (78%), tetE (57%)], [phenicols; (catII (16%), cmlA1 (11%)] and [aminoglycosides; (aphA2 (36%) and strA (67%)]. Pearson chi-square exact test revealed positive associations among tetA, tetE, sullI and catII and tetA genes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the incidence and antibiogram fingerprint of P. shigelloides in these freshwater resources and we conclude that these rivers are important reservoirs of multiple antimicrobial resistant biotypes of this organism, and consequently a threat to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibukun M Adesiyan
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Studies, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria; South Africa Medical Research Council, Water Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, South Africa; Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, South Africa.
| | | | - Aderemi O Ogunfowokan
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, The Technical University, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Department of Chemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria
| | - Anthony I Okoh
- South Africa Medical Research Council, Water Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, South Africa; Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, South Africa
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Pashang R, Yusuf F, Zhao S, Deljoomanesh S, Gilbride KA. Widespread detection of antibiotic-resistant bacteria from natural aquatic environments in southern Ontario. Can J Microbiol 2019; 65:322-331. [DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2018-0286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
To elucidate how widespread antibiotic resistance is in the surface water environment, we studied the prevalence of antibiotic resistance bacteria at four locations in southern Ontario. We found that the percentage of bacteria resistant to the antibiotic tetracycline was higher at the river site, which flows through agricultural land, and lower at the lake sites. A total of 225 colonies were selected for further testing of antibiotic disc susceptibility to eight different antibiotics to calculate the multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) score and the antibiotic resistance index for each site. Although the isolates from the lake site outside the city displayed resistance to fewer antibiotics, their MAR scores were not significantly different from that of the lake sites adjacent to urban beaches, showing that MAR was widespread in the natural water environments tested. Isolation of colonies under selection pressure to tetracycline was found to have a significant effect on the likelihood that the isolates would contain multiple resistance traits for other antibiotics. Identification of isolates selected on tetracycline was compared with that of isolates that were sensitive to tetracycline, and the community composition was found to be distinctly different, although isolates from the genera Chryseobacterium, Pseudomonas, and Stenotrophomonas were found in both communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosha Pashang
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Farhan Yusuf
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Simon Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Shadi Deljoomanesh
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Kimberley A. Gilbride
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
- Ryerson Urban Water, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
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Titilawo Y, Adeniji A, Adeniyi M, Okoh A. Determination of levels of some metal contaminants in the freshwater environments of Osun State, Southwest Nigeria: A risk assessment approach to predict health threat. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 211:834-843. [PMID: 30103138 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.07.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated levels of heavy metals and macro-elements in ten major rivers in Osun State, Southwest Nigeria. Triplicate water samples collected from selected rivers were analyzed for metal pollutants by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Concentrations were obtained as follows: iron: 60-960 μg L-1; manganese: ND - 3 μg L-1; chromium 0-2100 μg L-1; aluminium: 0-800 μg L-1; copper: 0-1350 μg L-1; zinc: 10-650 μg L-1; calcium: 6400-232000 μg L-1 and magnesium: 2000-71000 μg L-1 but lead was not detected. While most of the parameters fell within the threshold values for drinking water, iron, chromium, aluminium and calcium exceeded at some locations. The pollution order of the rivers, especially with heavy metals had the order: R8 > R3 > R2 > R5 > R10 > R6 > R4 > R1 > R7 > R9; which implies that R8 and R3 are the most polluted. The health risk assessment results revealed that hazard quotient and hazard index were below the acceptable limit of 1.0, suggesting no substantial non-carcinogenic effect would arise from individual exposure to the elements. However, the carcinogenic risks were 3.18 × 10-6 and 4.43 × 10-6 for adults and children, respectively at R8, implying that 1 person in 314,206 adults and 225,836 children drinking from the water may be at risk of having cancer correspondingly. Hence, there is need to moderate the levels of these pollutants in these waterbodies to safeguard public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinka Titilawo
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa; Department of Biology/Microbiology/Biotechnology, Federal University, Ndufu-Alike, Ikwo, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria.
| | - Abiodun Adeniji
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa; Department of Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
| | - Mobolaji Adeniyi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Osun State University, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Anthony Okoh
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
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Zhang M, Zuo J, Yu X, Shi X, Chen L, Li Z. Quantification of multi-antibiotic resistant opportunistic pathogenic bacteria in bioaerosols in and around a pharmaceutical wastewater treatment plant. J Environ Sci (China) 2018; 72:53-63. [PMID: 30244751 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are thought to be a "seedbed" and reservoirs for multi-antibiotic resistant pathogenic bacteria which can be transmitted to the air environment through aeration. We quantified airborne multi-antibiotic resistance in a full-scale plant to treat antibiotics-producing wastewater by collecting bioaerosol samples from December 2014 to July 2015. Gram-negative opportunistic pathogenic bacteria (GNOPB) were isolated, and antibiotic susceptibility tests against 18 commonly used antibiotics, including 11 β-lactam antibiotics, 3 aminoglycosides, 2 fluoroquinolones, 1 furan and 1 sulfonamide, were conducted. More than 45% of airborne bacteria isolated from the pharmaceutical WWTP were resistant to three or more antibiotics, and some opportunistic pathogenic strains were resistant to 16 antibiotics, whereas 45.3% and 50.3% of the strains isolated from residential community and municipal WWTP showed resistance to three or more antibiotics. The calculation of the multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index demonstrated that the air environment in the pharmaceutical WWTP was highly impacted by antibiotic resistance, while the residential community and municipal WWTP was less impacted by antibiotic resistance. In addition, we determined that the dominant genera of opportunistic pathogenic bacteria isolated from all bioaerosol samples were Acinetobacter, Alcaligenes, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Escherichia, Klebsiella, Pantoea, Pseudomonas and Sphingomonas. Collectively, these results indicate the proliferations and spread of antibiotic resistance through bioaerosols in WWTP treating cephalosporin-producing wastewater, which imposed a potential health risk for the staff and residents in the neighborhood, calling for administrative measures to minimize the air-transmission hazard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiane Zuo
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Xin Yu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xuchuan Shi
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lei Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zaixing Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
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