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Oros M, Barčák D, Miklisová D, Uhrovič D, Brázová T. A fish-parasite sentinel system in an assessment of the spatial distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5164. [PMID: 36997612 PMCID: PMC10063543 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31939-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The spatial distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), in the Zemplínska Šírava water reservoir and adjacent tributaries in the Bodrog River Basin were investigated using a fish-parasite sentinel system. PCB concentrations were detected in various fish matrices (dorsal and abdominal muscles, liver and intestine) of the Wels catfish (Silurus glanis) and its intestinal cestode Glanitaenia osculata. PCB concentrations in the fish from the water reservoir, located closest to the chemical plant, the primary source of the PCB pollution, were the highest. The analysis of these contaminants in catfish matrices showed the highest concentrations in the abdominal muscle, followed by the dorsal muscle, liver and intestine. Concentrations of ∑PCBs exceeding the limits for food set by European regulations were measured in the muscle tissue of catfish at all sites, even in the Bodrog River, 60 km away from the primary source of contamination, posing a significant risk to humans in the Zemplín region. For the first time, the ability of cestode G. osculata to accumulate higher amounts of PCBs compared to fish matrices has been demonstrated. Due to the enormous ability of the parasites to accumulate PCBs, we recommend this approach for alternative biomonitoring of PCBs in contaminated aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikuláš Oros
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Daniel Barčák
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Dana Miklisová
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Dalibor Uhrovič
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Tímea Brázová
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia.
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2
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Mondal T, Loffredo CA, Trnovec T, Palkovicova Murinova L, Noreen Z, Nnanabu T, Conka K, Drobna B, Ghosh S. Gene expression signatures in PCB-exposed Slovak children in relation to their environmental exposures and socio-physical characteristics. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:60531-60541. [PMID: 35420343 PMCID: PMC9427901 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20018-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Our previous gene expression studies in a PCB-exposed cohort of young children in Slovakia revealed that early-life exposures to PCBs and other organochlorine compounds were associated with significant alterations across several pathogenetic pathways. The present study was undertaken to further explore the high-throughput qRT-PCR-based gene expression effects by using TaqMan low-density array (TLDA) for selected genes in a sample of 55 children from the cohort. We analyzed the transcriptional changes of 11 genes in relation to PCB and organochlorine pesticide exposure levels (including DDT, DDE, HCH, and HCB), and to BMI and ethnicity in this cohort. The results indicated an overall downregulation of expression of these genes. Maximum downregulation (in fold change) was observed in the ENTPD3 gene, and the minimum level of downregulation was in CYP2D6. As per our multinomial regression model study, downregulation of LEPR gene was significantly directly correlated with all the exposure variables. Downregulation of APC, ARNT, CYP2D6, LEPR, LRP12, and MYC genes was directly correlated with BMI (kg/m2) of the individuals. Gender-specific differences in gene expression were observed in CYP2D6 (p-value 0.0001) and LEPR (p-value 0.028), while downregulation of CYP2D6 (p-value 0.01), LEPR (p-value 0.02), LRP12 (p-value 0.04), and MYC (p-value 0.02) genes was consistently observed in Roma children compared to Caucasians. The investigation of such health disparities must be emphasized in future research, together with interventions to reduce the health consequences of PCB exposures. In this context, we emphasize the importance of biomarker-based approaches to future research on genetic susceptibility to the effects of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmoy Mondal
- Department of Biotechnology, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Salt Lake, Kolkata, 700064, India
| | | | - Tomas Trnovec
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Lubica Palkovicova Murinova
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Zarish Noreen
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Thomas Nnanabu
- Departments of Biology, Howard University, 415 College Street, NW, Room 408, EE Just Hall, Washington, DC, 20059, USA
| | - Kamil Conka
- Department of Toxic Organic Pollutants, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Beata Drobna
- Department of Toxic Organic Pollutants, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Somiranjan Ghosh
- Departments of Biology, Howard University, 415 College Street, NW, Room 408, EE Just Hall, Washington, DC, 20059, USA.
- Departments of Pediatrics and Child Health, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC, 20059, USA.
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3
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Simeone RM, Howards PP, Anderson E, Jusko TA, Drobná B, Kočan A, Čonka K, Fabišiková A, Murínová ĽP, Canfield RL, Sonneborn D, Wimmerová S, Thevenet-Morrison K, Trnovec T, Hertz-Picciotto I, Šovčíková E. Pre- and postnatal polychlorinated biphenyl exposure and cognitive and behavioral development at age 45 Months in a cohort of Slovak children. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132375. [PMID: 34597632 PMCID: PMC8629853 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Evidence of associations of pre- and postnatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) with cognitive development beyond early childhood is inconsistent. A previous report from this cohort observed adverse associations between early life PCB exposures and infant Bayley scores at age 16 months. The present study examines pre- and postnatal PCB exposures in relation to both behavior and cognitive development at age 45 months. Participants were 472 mother-child pairs residing in an area of eastern Slovakia characterized by environmental contamination with PCBs, which resulted in elevated blood serum concentrations. PCB-153 and PCB-118 concentrations were measured in maternal and in infant 6-, 16-, and 45-month serum samples. At age 45 months, children were administered five subtests of the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI-III), and mothers completed the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Negative binomial and multiple linear regressions were used to estimate PCB-CBCL and PCB-WPPSI-III subtest score associations, respectively. Pre- and postnatal levels of PCB-153 and PCB-118 were not associated with cognitive performance on the WPPSI-III in this cohort. There was some suggestion that higher postnatal PCB concentrations were associated with more sleep problems and feelings of depression and anxiousness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina M Simeone
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Penelope P Howards
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Anderson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Todd A Jusko
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | | | - Anton Kočan
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Čonka
- Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Anna Fabišiková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Dean Sonneborn
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Kelly Thevenet-Morrison
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
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4
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Harangozo Ľ, Šnirc M, Árvay J, Jakabová S, Čéryová S. Biogenic and Risk Elements in Walnuts (Juglans regia L.) from Chosen Localities of Slovakia. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:2047-2056. [PMID: 32754803 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02306-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Walnuts (fruits Juglans regia, L.) belong among to the most spread, commercially grown tree nuts in the world. Nuts have grown higher attention in last years as valuable sources of essential elements; they are rich in non-essential fatty acids, proteins, fibre, plant sterols and minerals including potassium and magnesium and antioxidants. Determination of elements distribution in nuts is required not only for evaluation of total intake of essential elements in our food, but it is also useful for gaining data on contamination of foodstuffs by risk elements, but also for monitoring of heavy metal contamination in foodstuffs. Walnut samples were taken from three selected areas in Slovakia. The first location is in the vicinity of the cities Strážske, Humenné and Vranov nad Topľou, the second one is situated close to the city of Prievidza and the last one is close to the city of Vráble. The results of evaluation showed that the content of the elements monitored in location of Vráble did not exceed the limits set by the Regulation of Ministry of Health of Slovak Republic No 2/1994. In the half of samples taken from the location of Strážske, higher content of cadmium as the permitted limit has been found. The samples exceeded the amounts allowed by the Regulation No 2/1994 in contaminated area called "The dangerous triangle". Potential consumption of these walnuts could negatively affect human organism, but only if the kernels from the exact locality would be consumed in very high daily amounts (100-fold higher intake as daily intake according to the Statistical Office of SR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ľuboš Harangozo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences,, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76, Nitra, Slovak Republic.
| | - Marek Šnirc
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences,, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Július Árvay
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences,, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Silvia Jakabová
- Department of Food Hygiene and Safety, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences,, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Silvia Čéryová
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences,, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76, Nitra, Slovak Republic
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5
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Simhadri JJ, Loffredo CA, Trnovec T, Murinova LP, Nunlee-Bland G, Koppe JG, Schoeters G, Jana SS, Ghosh S. Biomarkers of metabolic disorders and neurobehavioral diseases in a PCB- exposed population: What we learned and the implications for future research. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 191:110211. [PMID: 32937175 PMCID: PMC7658018 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are one of the original twelve classes of toxic chemicals covered by the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POP), an international environmental treaty signed in 2001. PCBs are present in the environment as mixtures of multiple isomers at different degree of chlorination. These compounds are manmade and possess useful industrial properties including extreme longevity under harsh conditions, heat absorbance, and the ability to form an oily liquid at room temperature that is useful for electrical utilities and in other industrial applications. They have been widely used for a wide range of industrial purposes over the decades. Despite a ban in production in 1979 in the US and many other countries, they remain persistent and ubiquitous in environment as contaminants due to their improper disposal. Humans, independent of where they live, are therefore exposed to PCBs, which are routinely found in random surveys of human and animal tissues. The prolonged exposures to PCBs have been associated with the development of different diseases and disorders, and they are classified as endocrine disruptors. Due to its ability to interact with thyroid hormone, metabolism and function, they are thought to be implicated in the global rise of obesity diabetes, and their potential toxicity for neurodevelopment and disorders, an example of gene by environmental interaction (GxE). The current review is primarily intended to summarize the evidence for the association of PCB exposures with increased risks for metabolic dysfunctions and neurobehavioral disorders. In particular, we present evidence of gene expression alterations in PCB-exposed populations to construct the underlying pathways that may lead to those diseases and disorders in course of life. We conclude the review with future perspectives on biomarker-based research to identify susceptible individuals and populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyothirmai J Simhadri
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington DC, USA
| | - Christopher A Loffredo
- Departments of Oncology and of Biostatistics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Tomas Trnovec
- Department of Pediatrics, EKZ-AMC, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Gail Nunlee-Bland
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington DC, USA
| | - Janna G Koppe
- Department of Pediatrics, EKZ-AMC, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Greet Schoeters
- Dept. Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium & Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | | | - Somiranjan Ghosh
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington DC, USA; Department of Biology, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA.
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6
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Wang B, Wang H, Han D, Yin Y. Screening toxicological effects of different contaminants using hepatic homogenates-based ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase in vitro. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 705:135775. [PMID: 31806302 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we demonstrated the potential of an in vitro method of liver homogenate-based ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) to determine the toxicological effects of multiple kinds of contaminants. We evaluated the in vitro impact of nine pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs), 13 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and three polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). There were different responses of EROD to these contaminants. The response of EROD to PhACs was quite complex, exhibiting both induction and inhibition effects. PAHs and PCBs elicited a strong inhibitory response on EROD activity at high concentrations in a dose-dependent manner. PAHs showed more inhibitory effects as the number of benzene rings increased. Our in vitro bioassay seems to be a potential method for toxicological screening of multiple types of contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biyan Wang
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Daxiong Han
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Yan Yin
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
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7
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Demirtepe H, Melymuk L, Diamond ML, Bajard L, Vojta Š, Prokeš R, Sáňka O, Klánová J, Palkovičová Murínová Ľ, Richterová D, Rašplová V, Trnovec T. Linking past uses of legacy SVOCs with today's indoor levels and human exposure. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 127:653-663. [PMID: 30991221 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) emitted from consumer products, building materials, and indoor and outdoor activities can be highly persistent in indoor environments. Human exposure to and environmental contamination with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) was previously reported in a region near a former PCB production facility in Slovakia. However, we found that the indoor residential PCB levels did not correlate with the distance from the facility. Rather, indoor levels in this region and those reported in the literature were related to the historic PCB use on a national scale and the inferred presence of primary sources of PCBs in the homes. Other SVOCs had levels linked with either the activities in the home, e.g., polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with wood heating; or outdoor activities, e.g., organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) with agricultural land use and building age. We propose a classification framework to prioritize SVOCs for monitoring in indoor environments and to evaluate risks from indoor SVOC exposures. Application of this framework to 88 measured SVOCs identified several PCB congeners (CB-11, -28, -52), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), benzo(a)pyrene, and γ-HCH as priority compounds based on high exposure and toxicity assessed by means of toxicity reference values (TRVs). Application of the framework to many emerging compounds such as novel flame retardants was not possible because of either no or outdated TRVs. Concurrent identification of seven SVOC groups in indoor environments provided information on their comparative levels and distributions, their sources, and informed our assessment of associated risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hale Demirtepe
- RECETOX, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, pavilion A29, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lisa Melymuk
- RECETOX, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, pavilion A29, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Miriam L Diamond
- Department of Earth Sciences, and Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lola Bajard
- RECETOX, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, pavilion A29, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Šimon Vojta
- RECETOX, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, pavilion A29, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Prokeš
- RECETOX, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, pavilion A29, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Sáňka
- RECETOX, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, pavilion A29, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Klánová
- RECETOX, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, pavilion A29, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ľubica Palkovičová Murínová
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Slovak Medical University, Limbová 12, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Denisa Richterová
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Slovak Medical University, Limbová 12, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Vladimíra Rašplová
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Slovak Medical University, Limbová 12, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tomáš Trnovec
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Slovak Medical University, Limbová 12, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
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8
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Weber R, Bell L, Watson A, Petrlik J, Paun MC, Vijgen J. Assessment of pops contaminated sites and the need for stringent soil standards for food safety for the protection of human health. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 249:703-715. [PMID: 30933768 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.03.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) including PCDD/Fs, PCBs and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are among the most important and hazardous pollutants of soil. Food producing animals such as chicken, beef, sheep and goats can take up soil while grazing or living outdoors (free-range) and this can result in contamination. In recent decades, large quantities of brominated flame retardants such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) and per- and polyfluorinated alkylated substances (PFAS) have been produced and released into the environment and this has resulted in widespread contamination of soils and other environmental matrices. These POPs also bioaccumulate and can contaminate food of animal origin resulting in indirect exposure of humans. Recent assessments of chicken and beef have shown that surprisingly low concentrations of PCBs and PCDD/Fs in soil can result in exceedances of regulatory limits in food. Soil contamination limits have been established in a number of countries for PCDD/Fs but it has been shown that the contamination levels which result in regulatory limits in food (the maximum levels in the European Union) being exceeded, are below all the existing soil regulatory limits. 'Safe' soil levels are exceeded in many areas around emission sources of PCDD/Fs and PCBs. On the other hand, PCDD/F and dioxin-like PCB levels in soil in rural areas, without a contamination source, are normally safe for food producing animals housed outdoors resulting in healthy food (e.g. meat, eggs, milk). For the majority of POPs (e.g. PBDEs, PFOS, PFOA, SCCP) no regulatory limits in soils exist. There is, therefore, an urgent need to develop appropriate and protective soil standards minimising human exposure from food producing animals housed outdoors. Furthermore, there is an urgent need to eliminate POPs pollution sources for soils and to control, secure and remediate contaminated sites and reservoirs, in order to reduce exposure and guarantee food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Weber
- POPs Environmental Consulting, Schwäbisch Gmünd, Germany; International HCH and Pesticide Association, Holte, Denmark.
| | - L Bell
- International POPs Elimination Network (IPEN), Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - A Watson
- Public Interest Consultants, Swansea, Wales, UK
| | - J Petrlik
- International POPs Elimination Network (IPEN), Gothenburg, Sweden; Arnika, Toxics and Waste Programme, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M C Paun
- Ministry of Environment, Bucharest, Romania
| | - J Vijgen
- International HCH and Pesticide Association, Holte, Denmark
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9
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Strémy M, Šutová Z, Murínová ĽP, Richterová D, Wimmerová S, Čonka K, Drobná B, Fábelová L, Jurečková D, Jusko TA, Tihányi J, Trnovec T. The spatial distribution of congener-specific human PCB concentrations in a PCB-polluted region. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 651:2292-2303. [PMID: 30332662 PMCID: PMC6246788 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Serum PCB congener concentrations were measured in 602 adults living near a PCB pollution source in eastern Slovakia. We created isoconcentration maps for 21 PCB congeners by geocoding each participant's place of residence and kriging. Concentrations of PCB congeners were inversely associated with the distance of the participants' residence from the source of pollution. Congener-specific risk factors were derived, particularly for PCBs 52 and 153. We observed that the spatial distribution of serum concentrations was influenced by micro-climatic parameters and physicochemical properties of the congeners. PCB congener profiles strongly correlated with that of the PCB commercial product Delor 106, which was manufactured in the region. The isoconcentration maps indicate that the zones with the highest predicted congener concentration have a mean area of approximately 235.75±188.56km2 and the mean enrichment of concentration of congeners in serum in these zones is about 5.12±1.36. We estimate that depending on congener approximately 23,457±18,762 individuals with PCB concentrations exceeding health-based guidance values live in these zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilián Strémy
- Research Centre of Progressive Technologies, Faculty of Materials Science and Technology in Trnava, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Hajdóczyho 1, 917 24 Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Šutová
- Research Centre of Progressive Technologies, Faculty of Materials Science and Technology in Trnava, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Hajdóczyho 1, 917 24 Trnava, Slovakia
| | | | | | - Soňa Wimmerová
- Slovak Medical University, Limbová 12, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Kamil Čonka
- Slovak Medical University, Limbová 12, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Beata Drobná
- Slovak Medical University, Limbová 12, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Fábelová
- Slovak Medical University, Limbová 12, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Dana Jurečková
- The Štefan Kukura Hospital and Policlinic, Michalovce, Slovakia
| | - Todd A Jusko
- Departments of Public Health Sciences and Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 265 Crittenden Blvd., Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Juraj Tihányi
- Slovak Medical University, Limbová 12, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tomáš Trnovec
- Slovak Medical University, Limbová 12, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia.
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10
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Ti Q, Gu C, Liu C, Cai J, Bian Y, Yang X, Song Y, Wang F, Sun C, Jiang X. Comparative evaluation of influence of aging, soil properties and structural characteristics on bioaccessibility of polychlorinated biphenyls in soil. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 210:941-948. [PMID: 30208554 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.07.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Though bioaccessibility commonly recognized as a guideline for risk assessment is closely related with pollution occurrence and chemical species of compounds, the mechanistic links are barely evaluated particularly for widespread polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in soil. With the biomimetic extraction of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (β-HPCD), the temporal and spatial influences of soil properties, aging and structural characteristics, e.g. polarity of PCB congeners on bioaccessibility were investigated for PCBs. Sensitive variation of bioaccessibility with aging, soil organic matter (SOM), particle size and soil moisture were clearly evidenced for different PCB congeners. Due to aging, the bioaccessibility decreased in the long term after stabilization for 36 h. In concert with the first-order kinetics, the decay rates of bioaccessibility were shown with congener-specificity and were well correlated with dipoles of PCBs. The increment of SOM diminished the bioaccessibility for the strengthened adsorption while the increased particle size and soil moisture elevated it possibly due to the less adsorption on soil particles and more accommodation of PCBs in soil pore water. Except the positive correlations with particle size, soil moisture and dipole moment, the greater dependency on aging and SOM was highlighted for bioaccessibility by partial least squares (PLS) analysis. The mutual relationship with influential factors was quantitatively formulated for accelerative prediction of bioaccessibility, and the comparative evaluation and detailed insights into the mechanistic links would thus help enhance the precise determination of bioaccessibility and risk assessment of PCBs in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Ti
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Chenggang Gu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, PR China.
| | - Chang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Jun Cai
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Yongrong Bian
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, PR China
| | - Xinglun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, PR China
| | - Yang Song
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, PR China
| | - Fang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, PR China
| | - Cheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, PR China
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Toichuev RM, Zhilova LV, Makambaeva GB, Payzildaev TR, Pronk W, Bouwknegt M, Weber R. Assessment and review of organochlorine pesticide pollution in Kyrgyzstan. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:31836-31847. [PMID: 28879618 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0001-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The current study describes the preliminary assessment and securing activities of the largest and most hazardous POPs-contaminated sites in Kyrgyzstan. In 2010, cattle died and population were found with high pesticide levels in blood, human milk, and placenta. In the first phase of the study, a historic assessment of the pesticide dumping at the landfill/dump sites have been conducted. In the second phase, soil analysis for organochlorine pesticides in the areas of the pesticide disposal sites, the former pesticides storehouses, agro-air strips, and the cotton-growing fields were conducted. By this assessment, a first overview of the types and sources of pollution and of the scale of the problem is compiled including information gaps. From major pesticides used, DDT, DDE, and HCH were measured in the highest concentrations. With the limited analytical capacity present, a reasonable risk assessment could be performed. This paper also reports on practical risk reduction measures that have been carried out recently at the two major pesticide disposal sites with support of a Dutch environmental engineering company, an international NGO (Green Cross Switzerland) and local authorities from the Suzak region within an UN project. Local population living near the sites of the former pesticide storehouses and agro-airstrips are advised not to cultivate vegetables and melons or to raise cattle on these areas. Instead, it is recommended to grow technical crops or plant trees. Further recommendations on monitoring and assessment is given including the suggestion to consider the findings in the National Implementation Plan of Kyrgyzstan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakhmanbek Mamatkadyrovich Toichuev
- Institute of Medical Problems, South Branch of the National Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz Republic (IMP-SBNAS-KG), 130-a, Uzgenskaya Str, Osh, Kyrgyzstan.
| | - Liudmila Victorovna Zhilova
- Institute of Medical Problems, South Branch of the National Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz Republic (IMP-SBNAS-KG), 130-a, Uzgenskaya Str, Osh, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Gulsanam Bakhtiyarovna Makambaeva
- Institute of Medical Problems, South Branch of the National Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz Republic (IMP-SBNAS-KG), 130-a, Uzgenskaya Str, Osh, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Timur Rashidinovich Payzildaev
- Institute of Medical Problems, South Branch of the National Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz Republic (IMP-SBNAS-KG), 130-a, Uzgenskaya Str, Osh, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Wouter Pronk
- Green Cross Switzerland, Heinrichstrasse 241, 8005, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Roland Weber
- POPs Environmental Consulting, Lindenfirststrasse 23, 73527, Schwäbisch Gmünd, Germany.
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The environmental pollutant, polychlorinated biphenyls, and cardiovascular disease: a potential target for antioxidant nanotherapeutics. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2018; 8:740-759. [PMID: 28975503 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-017-0429-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite production having stopped in the 1970s, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) represent persistent organic pollutants that continue to pose a serious human health risk. Exposure to PCBs has been linked to chronic inflammatory diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, obesity, as well as hepatic disorders, endocrine dysfunction, neurological deficits, and many others. This is further complicated by the PCB's strong hydrophobicity, resulting in their ability to accumulate up the food chain and to be stored in fat deposits. This means that completely avoiding exposure is not possible, thus requiring the need to develop intervention strategies that can mitigate disease risks associated with exposure to PCBs. Currently, there is excitement in the use of nutritional compounds as a way of inhibiting the inflammation associated with PCBs, yet the suboptimal delivery and pharmacology of these compounds may not be sufficient in more acute exposures. In this review, we discuss the current state of knowledge of PCB toxicity and some of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory nanocarrier systems that may be useful as an enhanced treatment modality for reducing PCB toxicity.
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Weber R, Herold C, Hollert H, Kamphues J, Ungemach L, Blepp M, Ballschmiter K. Life cycle of PCBs and contamination of the environment and of food products from animal origin. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:16325-16343. [PMID: 29589245 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1811-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
This report gives a summary of the historic use, former management and current release of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in Germany and assesses the impact of the life cycle of PCBs on the contamination of the environment and of food products of animal origin. In Germany 60,000 t of PCBs were used in transformers, capacitors or as hydraulic oils. The use of PCB oils in these "closed applications", has been banned in Germany in 2000. Thirty to 50% of these PCBs were not appropriately managed. In West Germany, 24,000 t of PCBs were used in open applications, mainly as additive (plasticiser, flame retardant) in sealants and paints in buildings and other construction. The continued use in open applications has not been banned, and in 2013, an estimated more than 12,000 t of PCBs were still present in buildings and other constructions. These open PCB applications continuously emit PCBs into the environment with an estimated release of 7-12 t per year. This amount is in agreement with deposition measurements (estimated to 18 t) and emission estimates for Switzerland. The atmospheric PCB releases still have an relevant impact on vegetation and livestock feed. In addition, PCBs in open applications on farms are still a sources of contamination for farmed animals. Furthermore, the historic production, use, recycling and disposal of PCBs have contaminated soils along the lifecycle. This legacy of contaminated soils and contaminated feed, individually or collectively, can lead to exceedance of maximum levels in food products from animals. In beef and chicken, soil levels of 5 ng PCB-TEQ/kg and for chicken with high soil exposure even 2 ng PCB-TEQ/kg can lead to exceedance of EU limits in meat and eggs. Areas at and around industries having produced or used or managed PCBs, or facilities and areas where PCBs were disposed need to be assessed in respect to potential contamination of food-producing animals. For a large share of impacted land, management measures applicable on farm level might be sufficient to continue with food production. Open PCB applications need to be inventoried and better managed. Other persistent and toxic chemicals used as alternatives to PCBs, e.g. short chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs), should be assessed in the life cycle for exposure of food-producing animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Weber
- POPs Environmental Consulting, Lindenfirststraße 23, 73527, Schwäbisch Gmünd, Germany.
| | - Christine Herold
- POPs Environmental Consulting, Lindenfirststraße 23, 73527, Schwäbisch Gmünd, Germany
| | - Henner Hollert
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Josef Kamphues
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Linda Ungemach
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany
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14
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Weber R, Herold C, Hollert H, Kamphues J, Blepp M, Ballschmiter K. Reviewing the relevance of dioxin and PCB sources for food from animal origin and the need for their inventory, control and management. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES EUROPE 2018; 30:42. [PMID: 30464877 PMCID: PMC6224007 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-018-0166-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the past, cases of PCDD/F and PCB contamination exceeding limits in food from animal origin (eggs, meat or milk) were mainly caused by industrially produced feed. But in the last decade, exceedances of EU limit values were discovered more frequently for PCDD/Fs or dioxin-like(dl)-PCBs from free range chicken, sheep, and beef, often in the absence of any known contamination source. RESULTS The German Environment Agency initiated a project to elucidate the entry of PCBs and PCDD/Fs in food related to environmental contamination. This paper summarizes the most important findings. Food products from farm animals sensitive to dioxin/PCB exposure-suckling calves and laying hens housed outdoor-can exceed EU maximum levels at soil concentrations that have previously been considered as safe. Maximum permitted levels can already be exceeded in beef/veal when soil is contaminated around 5 ng PCB-TEQ/kg dry matter (dm). For eggs/broiler, this can occur at a concentration of PCDD/Fs in soil below 5 ng PCDD/F-PCB-TEQ/kg dm. Egg consumers-especially young children-can easily exceed health-based guidance values (TDI). The soil-chicken egg exposure pathway is probably the most sensitive route for human exposure to both dl-PCBs and PCDD/Fs from soil and needs to be considered for soil guidelines. The study also found that calves from suckler cow herds are most prone to the impacts of dl-PCB contamination due to the excretion/accumulation via milk. PCB (and PCDD/F) intake for free-range cattle stems from feed and soil. Daily dl-PCB intake for suckler cow herds must in average be less than 2 ng PCB-TEQ/day. This translates to a maximum concentration in grass of 0.2 ng PCB-TEQ/kg dm which is less than 1/6 of the current EU maximum permitted level. This review compiles sources for PCDD/Fs and PCBs relevant to environmental contamination in respect to food safety. It also includes considerations on assessment of emerging POPs. CONCLUSIONS The major sources of PCDD/F and dl-PCB contamination of food of animal origin in Germany are (1) soils contaminated from past PCB and PCDD/F releases; (2) PCBs emitted from buildings and constructions; (3) PCBs present at farms. Impacted areas need to be assessed with respect to potential contamination of food-producing animals. Livestock management techniques can reduce exposure to PCDD/Fs and PCBs. Further research and regulatory action are needed to overcome gaps. Control and reduction measures are recommended for emission sources and new listed and emerging POPs to ensure food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Weber
- POPs Environmental Consulting, Lindenfirststraße 23, 73527 Schwäbisch Gmünd, Germany
| | - Christine Herold
- POPs Environmental Consulting, Lindenfirststraße 23, 73527 Schwäbisch Gmünd, Germany
| | - Henner Hollert
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Josef Kamphues
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
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Di Guardo A, Terzaghi E, Raspa G, Borin S, Mapelli F, Chouaia B, Zanardini E, Morosini C, Colombo A, Fattore E, Davoli E, Armiraglio S, Sale VM, Anelli S, Nastasio P. Differentiating current and past PCB and PCDD/F sources: The role of a large contaminated soil site in an industrialized city area. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 223:367-375. [PMID: 28118998 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Cities and contaminated areas can be primary or secondary sources of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and other chemicals, into air and soil and can influence the regional level of some of these pollutants. In a contaminated site, the evaluation of such emissions can be crucial in the choice of the remediation technology to be adopted. In the city of Brescia (Northern Italy), more than 100 ha of agricultural areas were contaminated with PCBs, PCDD/Fs and heavy metals, originating from the activities of a former PCB factory. In order to evaluate the current emissions of PCBs and PCDD/Fs from the contaminated site, in a location where other current sources are present, we compared measured and predicted air concentrations, resulting from chemical volatilization from soils as well as fingerprints of Brescia soils and of soils contaminated by specific sources. The results confirm that the contaminated area is still a current and important secondary source of PCBs to the air, and to a lesser extent of PCDFs (especially the more volatile), but not for PCDDs. PCBs in soils have fingerprints similar to highly chlorinated mixtures, indicating contamination by these mixtures and/or a long weathering process. PCB 209 is also present at important levels. PCDD fingerprints in soil cannot be related to current emission sources, while PCDFs are compatible to industrial and municipal waste incineration, although weathering and/or natural attenuation may have played a role in modifying such soil fingerprints. Finally, we combined chemical and microbiological analyses to provide an integrated approach to evaluate soil fingerprints and their variation in a wider perspective, which accounts for the mutual effects between contamination and soil microbiota, a pivotal hint for addressing in situ bioremediation activities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elisa Terzaghi
- DiSAT, University of Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, Como, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Raspa
- DCEME, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Borin
- DeFENS, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Bessem Chouaia
- DeFENS, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Andrea Colombo
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche ''Mario Negri'', Via La Masa 19, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Fattore
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche ''Mario Negri'', Via La Masa 19, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Davoli
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche ''Mario Negri'', Via La Masa 19, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Armiraglio
- Municipality of Brescia - Museum of Natural Sciences, Via Ozanam 4, Brescia, Italy
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16
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Wang H, Hwang J, Huang J, Xu Y, Yu G, Li W, Zhang K, Liu K, Cao Z, Ma X, Wei Z, Wang Q. Mechanochemical remediation of PCB contaminated soil. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 168:333-340. [PMID: 27810532 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.10.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Soil contaminated by polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) is a ubiquitous problem in the world, which can cause significant risks to human health and the environment. Mechanochemical destruction (MCD) has been recognized as a promising technology for the destruction of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and other organic molecules in both solid waste and contaminated soil. However, few studies have been published about the application of MCD technology for the remediation of PCB contaminated soil. In the present study, the feasibility of destroying PCBs in contaminated soil by co-grinding with and without additives in a planetary ball mill was investigated. After 4 h milling time, more than 96% of PCBs in contaminated soil samples were destroyed. The residual concentrations of PCBs decreased from 1000 mg/kg to below the provisional Basel Convention limit of less than 50 mg/kg. PCDD/F present in the original soil at levels of 4200 ng TEQ/kg was also destroyed with even a slightly higher destruction efficiency. Only minor dechlorinations of the PCBs were observed and the destruction of the hydrocarbon skeleton is proposed as the main degradation pathway of PCBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haizhu Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKJLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, School of Environment, POPs Research Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China; State Key Laboratory of High Power Semiconductor Laser, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, PR China
| | - Jisu Hwang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKJLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, School of Environment, POPs Research Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Jun Huang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKJLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, School of Environment, POPs Research Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China.
| | - Ying Xu
- School of Physics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, PR China
| | - Gang Yu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKJLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, School of Environment, POPs Research Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Wenchao Li
- CSD IDEA (Beijing) Environmental Test & Analysis Co. Ltd, Beijing, 100192, PR China
| | - Kunlun Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKJLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, School of Environment, POPs Research Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Kai Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKJLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, School of Environment, POPs Research Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Zhiguo Cao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKJLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, School of Environment, POPs Research Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of High Power Semiconductor Laser, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, PR China
| | - Zhipeng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of High Power Semiconductor Laser, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, PR China
| | - Quhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High Power Semiconductor Laser, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, PR China
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Wimmerová S, van den Berg M, Chovancová J, Patayová H, Jusko TA, van Duursen MBM, Palkovičová Murínová Ľ, Canton RF, van Ede KI, Trnovec T. Relative effect potency estimates of dioxin-like activity for dioxins, furans, and dioxin-like PCBs in adults based on cytochrome P450 1A1 and 1B1 gene expression in blood. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2016; 96:24-33. [PMID: 27588699 PMCID: PMC6047354 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the risk assessment of PCDDs, PCDFs, and dioxin-like (DL) PCBs, regulatory authorities support the use of the toxic equivalency factor (TEF)-scheme derived from a heterogeneous data set of the relative effect potency (REPs) estimates. OBJECTIVES We sought to determine REPs for dioxin-like compounds (DLCs) using expression of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1 and 1B1 mRNA in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells representing two different pathways. METHODS We used a sex and age adjusted regression-based approach comparing the strength of association between each DLC and the cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1 and 1B1 mRNA expression in 320 adults residing in an organochlorine-polluted area of eastern Slovakia. RESULTS We calculated REPs based on CYP1A1 expression for 4 PCDDs, 8 PCDFs, and 1 PCB congener, and based on CYP1B1 expression for 5 PCDFs and 11 PCB congeners. REPs from CYP1A1 correlated with REPs previously derived from thyroid volume (ρ=0.85; p<0.001) and serum FT4 (ρ=0.77; p=0.009). The 13 log REPs from CYP1A1 correlated with log WHO-TEFs (r=0.63; p=0.015) and 11 log PCB REPs with PCB consensus toxicity factors (CTFs) for compounds with WHO-TEFs (r=0.80; p=0.003). The complete set of derived 56 log REPs correlated with the log CTFs (r=0.77; p=0.001) and log WHO-TEFs (r=0.81; p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS REPs calculated from thyroid and cytochrome P450 endpoints realistically reflect human exposure scenarios because they are based on human chronic and low-dose exposures. While the CYP 1A1 seems more suitable for toxicity evaluation of PCDD/Fs, the CYP 1B1 is more apt for PCDFs and PCBs and reflects different pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soňa Wimmerová
- Slovak Medical University, Limbová 14, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Martin van den Berg
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.176, 3508, TD, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Jana Chovancová
- Slovak Medical University, Limbová 14, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | | | - Todd A Jusko
- Departments of Public Health Sciences and Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Majorie B M van Duursen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.176, 3508, TD, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Rocio F Canton
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.176, 3508, TD, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Karin I van Ede
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.176, 3508, TD, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Tomáš Trnovec
- Slovak Medical University, Limbová 14, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia.
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18
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Jusko TA, Oktapodas M, Murinová LP, Babinská K, Babjaková J, Verner MA, DeWitt JC, Thevenet-Morrison K, Čonka K, Drobná B, Chovancová J, Thurston SW, Lawrence BP, Dozier AM, Järvinen KM, Patayová H, Trnovec T, Legler J, Hertz-Picciotto I, Lamoree MH. Demographic, Reproductive, and Dietary Determinants of Perfluorooctane Sulfonic (PFOS) and Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) Concentrations in Human Colostrum. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:7152-62. [PMID: 27244128 PMCID: PMC5256678 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
To determine demographic, reproductive, and maternal dietary factors that predict perfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) concentrations in breast milk, we measured perfluorooctane sulfonic (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) concentrations, using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, in 184 colostrum samples collected from women participating in a cohort study in Eastern Slovakia between 2002 and 2004. During their hospital delivery stay, mothers completed a food frequency questionnaire, and demographic and reproductive data were also collected. PFOS and PFOA predictors were identified by optimizing multiple linear regression models using Akaike's information criterion (AIC). The geometric mean concentration in colostrum was 35.3 pg/mL for PFOS and 32.8 pg/mL for PFOA. In multivariable models, parous women had 40% lower PFOS (95% CI: -56 to -17%) and 40% lower PFOA (95% CI: -54 to -23%) concentrations compared with nulliparous women. Moreover, fresh/frozen fish consumption, longer birth intervals, and Slovak ethnicity were associated with higher PFOS and PFOA concentrations in colostrum. These results will help guide the design of future epidemiologic studies examining milk PFAS concentrations in relation to health end points in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd A. Jusko
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Marina Oktapodas
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | | | - Katarina Babinská
- Institute of Physiology, Comenius University, Faculty of Medicine, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Jana Babjaková
- Institute of Hygiene, Comenius University, Faculty of Medicine, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Marc-André Verner
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Université de Montréal Public Health Research Institute (IRSPUM), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jamie C. DeWitt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kelly Thevenet-Morrison
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Kamil Čonka
- Department of Toxic Organic Pollutants, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Beata Drobná
- Department of Toxic Organic Pollutants, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Jana Chovancová
- Department of Toxic Organic Pollutants, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Sally W. Thurston
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - B. Paige Lawrence
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Ann M. Dozier
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Kirsi M. Järvinen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Henrieta Patayová
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Tomáš Trnovec
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Juliette Legler
- Institute of Environmental Studies, VU University, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Irva Hertz-Picciotto
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Medicine, UC Davis, California, USA
| | - Marja H. Lamoree
- Institute of Environmental Studies, VU University, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Šovčíková E, Wimmerová S, Strémy M, Kotianová J, Loffredo CA, Murínová ĽP, Chovancová J, Čonka K, Lancz K, Trnovec T. Simple reaction time in 8-9-year old children environmentally exposed to PCBs. Neurotoxicology 2015; 51:138-44. [PMID: 26480857 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Simple reaction time (SRT) has been studied in children exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), with variable results. In the current work we examined SRT in 146 boys and 161 girls, aged 8.53 ± 0.65 years (mean ± SD), exposed to PCBs in the environment of eastern Slovakia. We divided the children into tertiles with regard to increasing PCB serum concentration. The mean ± SEM serum concentration of the sum of 15 PCB congeners was 191.15 ± 5.39, 419.23 ± 8.47, and 1315.12 ± 92.57 ng/g lipids in children of the first, second, and third tertiles, respectively. We created probability distribution plots for each child from their multiple trials of the SRT testing. We fitted response time distributions from all valid trials with the ex-Gaussian function, a convolution of a normal and an additional exponential function, providing estimates of three independent parameters μ, σ, and τ. μ is the mean of the normal component, σ is the standard deviation of the normal component, and τ is the mean of the exponential component. Group response time distributions were calculated using the Vincent averaging technique. A Q-Q plot comparing probability distribution of the first vs. third tertile indicated that deviation of the quantiles of the latter tertile from those of the former begins at the 40th percentile and does not show a positive acceleration. This was confirmed in comparison of the ex-Gaussian parameters of these two tertiles adjusted for sex, age, Raven IQ of the child, mother's and father's education, behavior at home and school, and BMI: the results showed that the parameters μ and τ significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased with PCB exposure. Similar increases of the ex-Gaussian parameter τ in children suffering from ADHD have been previously reported and interpreted as intermittent attentional lapses, but were not seen in our cohort. Our study has confirmed that environmental exposure of children to PCBs is associated with prolongation of simple reaction time reflecting impairment of cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Šovčíková
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Limbová 12, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Soňa Wimmerová
- Institute of Biophysics, Informatics and Biostatistics, Slovak Medical University, Limbová 12, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Maximilián Strémy
- Research Centre of Progressive Technologies, Faculty of Materials Science and Technology in Trnava, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Hajdóczyho 1, 91724 Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Janette Kotianová
- Institute of Applied Informatics, Automatization and Mechatronics, Faculty of Materials Science and Technology in Trnava, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Hajdóczyho 1, 91724 Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Christopher A Loffredo
- Department of Oncology & Department of Biostatistics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | | | - Jana Chovancová
- Department of Toxic Organic Pollutants, Slovak Medical University, Limbová 12, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Kamil Čonka
- Department of Toxic Organic Pollutants, Slovak Medical University, Limbová 12, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Kinga Lancz
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Limbová 12, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tomáš Trnovec
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Limbová 12, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Lysychenko G, Weber R, Kovach V, Gertsiuk M, Watson A, Krasnova I. Threats to water resources from hexachlorobenzene waste at Kalush City (Ukraine)--a review of the risks and the remediation options. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:14391-14404. [PMID: 26286800 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5184-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The production of chlorinated solvents such as tetrachloroethylene and tetrachloromethane has resulted in large stockpiles of unintentionally produced persistent organic pollutants (POPs) including high content of hexachlorobenzene (HCB waste). HCB waste of 15,000 t arising from the production of chlorinated solvents at the Kalush factory in Ukraine was landfilled. In 2008, it was discovered that HCB and other pollutants were escaping from the landfill into local environment including the Sapogi-Limnytsia Rivers, tributaries of the Dniester River. This showed that the HCB waste was not appropriately contained and represented a threat to the Dniester River basin. A Presidential Decree of Ukraine was therefore issued requiring remediation of the site and excavation of the waste. Between 2010 and 2013, approximately 29,445 t of HCB waste and associated contaminated soil was excavated and exported to various EU countries for incineration. This excavation revealed that these wastes can corrode through their drums within a few decades with release of pollutants. Other sites at which chlorinated solvents were produced should therefore be assessed for possible similar pollution. Despite the remediation efforts and the excavation of the landfill, the Kalush area remains a POP-contaminated site requiring further assessment. A part of the waste was exported to Poland and is stored close to the Baltic Sea and is treated in an incinerator with small capacity over a time frame of years. This case and recent similar cases reveal that the control of POP waste for destruction even in EU countries needs to be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgii Lysychenko
- State Institution Institute of Environmental Geochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv 142, 03680, Ukraine.
| | - Roland Weber
- POPs Environmental Consulting, 73527, Schwäbisch Gmünd, Germany.
| | - Valeria Kovach
- State Institution Institute of Environmental Geochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv 142, 03680, Ukraine
| | - Modest Gertsiuk
- State Institution Institute of Environmental Geochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv 142, 03680, Ukraine
| | - Alan Watson
- Public Interest Consultants, Eaton Crescent, Uplands, Swansea, Wales, SA1 4QR, UK
| | - Iryna Krasnova
- State Institution Institute of Environmental Geochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv 142, 03680, Ukraine
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Weber R, Schlumpf M, Nakano T, Vijgen J. The need for better management and control of POPs stockpiles. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:14385-90. [PMID: 26386851 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5162-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Roland Weber
- International HCH and Pesticides Association, Elmevej 14, DK-2840, Holte, Denmark.
- POPs Environmental Consulting, Lindenfirststr. 23, D-73527, Schwäbisch Gmünd, Germany.
| | - Margret Schlumpf
- GREEN Tox GmbH, Langackerstrasse 49, CH-8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Takeshi Nakano
- Research Center for Environmental Preservation, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Hyogo Environmental Advancement Association, Kobe-shi, Japan
| | - John Vijgen
- International HCH and Pesticides Association, Elmevej 14, DK-2840, Holte, Denmark.
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