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Martins LA, Schiavo A, Paz LV, Xavier LL, Mestriner RG. Neural underpinnings of fine motor skills under stress and anxiety: A review. Physiol Behav 2024; 282:114593. [PMID: 38782244 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
This review offers a comprehensive examination of how stress and anxiety affect motor behavior, particularly focusing on fine motor skills and gait adaptability. We explore the role of several neurochemicals, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and dopamine, in modulating neural plasticity and motor control under these affective states. The review highlights the importance of developing therapeutic strategies that enhance motor performance by leveraging the interactions between key neurochemicals. Additionally, we investigate the complex interplay between emotional-cognitive states and sensorimotor behaviors, showing how stress and anxiety disrupt neural integration, leading to impairments in skilled movements and negatively impacting quality of life. Synthesizing evidence from human and rodent studies, we provide a detailed understanding of the relationships among stress, anxiety, and motor behavior. Our findings reveal neurophysiological pathways, behavioral outcomes, and potential therapeutic targets, emphasizing the intricate connections between neurobiological mechanisms, environmental factors, and motor performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Athaydes Martins
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS). Graduate Program in Biomedical Gerontology, Av. Ipiranga, 6681, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS). Neuroscience, Motor Behavior, and Rehabilitation Research Group (NECORE-CNPq), Av. Ipiranga, 6681, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Aniuska Schiavo
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS). Graduate Program in Biomedical Gerontology, Av. Ipiranga, 6681, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS). Neuroscience, Motor Behavior, and Rehabilitation Research Group (NECORE-CNPq), Av. Ipiranga, 6681, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lisiê Valéria Paz
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS). Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Av. Ipiranga, 6681, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Léder Leal Xavier
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS). Neuroscience, Motor Behavior, and Rehabilitation Research Group (NECORE-CNPq), Av. Ipiranga, 6681, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS). Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Av. Ipiranga, 6681, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Régis Gemerasca Mestriner
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS). Graduate Program in Biomedical Gerontology, Av. Ipiranga, 6681, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS). Neuroscience, Motor Behavior, and Rehabilitation Research Group (NECORE-CNPq), Av. Ipiranga, 6681, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS). Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Av. Ipiranga, 6681, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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Beckwée D, Nijs J, Bierma-Zeinstra SMA, Leemans L, Leysen L, Puts S, Rice D, Schiphof D, Bautmans I. Exercise therapy for knee osteoarthritis pain: how does it work? A study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e074258. [PMID: 38199628 PMCID: PMC10806725 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-074258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Muscle strengthening training (MST) and behavioural graded activity (BGA) show comparable effects on knee osteoarthritic (KOA) pain, but the mechanisms of action remain unclear. Both exercise-induced anti-inflammation and central sensitisation are promising pathways for pain relief in response to exercise therapy in patients with KOA: MST has the potential to decrease inflammation and BGA has the potential to decrease central sensitisation. Hence, this study aims to examine inflammation and central sensitisation as mediators for the effect of MST and/or BGA on pain in patients with KOA. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The Knee OsteoArthritis PAIN trial started on 10 January 2020 (anticipated end: April 2024). The three-arm clinical trial aims to recruit 90 KOA patients who will be randomly allocated to 12 weeks of (1) MST, (2) BGA or (3) care as usual. Assessments will be performed at baseline, 13 and 52 weeks after finishing the intervention. Outcomes, including pain (Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score), were chosen in line with the OARSI recommendations for clinical trials of rehabilitation interventions for OA and the IMMPACT/OMERACT recommendations for the assessment of physical function in chronic pain clinical trials. Inflammation as well as features of central sensitisation (including conditioned pain modulation, offset analgesia, temporal summation of pain and event-related potentials following electrical stimulation), will be considered as treatment mediators. A multiple mediators model will be estimated with a path-analysis using structural equation models. In July 2023, all 90 KOA patients have been included and 42 participants already finished the study. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study obtained ethics approval (B.U.N. 143201941843). Unravelling the mechanisms of action of exercise therapy in KOA will not only be extremely valuable for researchers, but also for exercise immunology and pain scientists and clinicians. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04362618.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Beckwée
- Rehabilitation Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium
- Movement Antwerp (MOVANT) research group, Universiteit Antwerpen, Antwerpen, Belgium
- Gerontology and Frailty in Ageing (FRIA) Research Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium
| | - Jo Nijs
- Pain in Motion International Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation, Unit of Physiotherapy, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Goteborg, Sweden
- University Hospital Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sita M A Bierma-Zeinstra
- Department of General Practice, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lynn Leemans
- Rehabilitation Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium
- Pain in Motion International Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium
| | - Laurence Leysen
- Rehabilitation Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium
- Pain in Motion International Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium
| | - Sofie Puts
- Rehabilitation Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium
- Gerontology and Frailty in Ageing (FRIA) Research Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium
- Pain in Motion International Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium
| | - David Rice
- Health and Rehabilitation Research Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Waitematā Pain Service, Te Whatu Ora Waitematā, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Dieuwke Schiphof
- Department of General Practice, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ivan Bautmans
- Gerontology and Frailty in Ageing (FRIA) Research Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium
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Setayesh S, Mohammad Rahimi GR. The impact of resistance training on brain-derived neurotrophic factor and depression among older adults aged 60 years or older: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Geriatr Nurs 2023; 54:23-31. [PMID: 37703686 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2023.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the impact of resistance training on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and depression among older adults aged 60 years or older. METHOD Four electronic databases were systematically searched. RESULTS A total of 11 randomized controlled trials, with a pooled sample of 868 participants, met our inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis demonstrated that resistance training significantly improved circulating BDNF levels (mean difference; MD: 0.73 ng/ml; 95% CI [0.04, 1.42]; p = 0.04). Additionally, resistance training was associated with significant improvements in depression (standardized mean difference; SMD: -0.38; 95% CI [- 0.62, -0.14]; p = 0.002). DISCUSSION These findings suggest that resistance training may be an effective intervention for improving BDNF levels and reducing depression symptoms in older adults. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and to investigate the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayan Setayesh
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Sanabad Golbahar Institute of Higher Education, Golbahar, Iran
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Wang YH, Tan J, Zhou HH, Cao M, Zou Y. Long-term exercise training and inflammatory biomarkers in healthy subjects: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1253329. [PMID: 37720640 PMCID: PMC10499556 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1253329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This meta-analysis investigated the effect of long-term exercise training (ET) including aerobic, resistance, and multicomponent ET on the levels of inflammatory biomarkers in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving healthy subjects. Methods We searched seven databases for articles until May 1st, 2023. A random-effect meta-analysis, subgroup analysis, meta-regressions as well as trim and fill method were conducted using STATA 16.0. Result Thirty-eight studies were included in the meta-analysis, involving 2,557 healthy subjects (mean age varies from 21 to 86 years). Long-term ET induced significantly decreased in the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) (SMD -0.16, 95% CI -0.30 to -0.03, p = 0.017), C-reactive protein (CRP) (SMD -0.18, 95% CI -0.31 to -0.06, p = 0.005), as well as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) (SMD -0.43, 95% CI -0.62 to -0.24, p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis revealed that Long-term ET conducted for more than 12 weeks and exercise of moderate intensity had greater anti-inflammatory effects. Meta-regression analysis showed that the reduction in CRP level induced by long-term ET was weakened by increasing exercise intensity. Conclusion Long-term ET induced significant anti-inflammatory effects in healthy subjects. Long-term ET-induced anti-inflammatory effects were associated with exercise of moderate intensity and training conducted for more than 12 weeks.Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/# myprospero, PROSPERO, identifier CRD42022346693.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Hai Wang
- College of Arts and Physical Education, Nanchang Normal College of Applied Technology, Nanchang, China
| | - Jingwang Tan
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huan-Huan Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng Cao
- Department of Physical Education, College of Sport, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu Zou
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Bağlan Yentur S, Ercan Z, Deniz G, Karataş A, Gür M, Alkan G, Koca SS. Effects of acute aerobic exercise on brain-derived neurotrophic factor level in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Arch Rheumatol 2023; 38:209-216. [PMID: 37680513 PMCID: PMC10481692 DOI: 10.46497/archrheumatol.2023.9599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The study aimed to investigate the variation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels following acute exercise in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Patients and methods This cross-sectional study was conducted with 88 participants (25 males, 63 females; mean age: 45.1±8.3 years; range, 18 to 65 years) between July 2020 and May 2021. Of the participants, 44 were RA patients, and 44 were age-and sex-matched healthy controls. Aerobic exercise was utilized in all participants for a single session. Depression and anxiety levels were evaluated with the Beck Depression Inventory and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Blood samples were collected from all subjects before and immediately after the intervention. Results Serum BDNF levels (both baseline and after exercise) were similar in the RA and control groups. Although serum BDNF levels significantly decreased in both groups after aerobic exercise (Wilcoxon rank p<0.05), ΔBDNF levels were significantly higher in the RA group than in the control group (p=0.047). Additionally, ΔBDNF levels were significantly correlated with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale scores in the RA group (p<0.05) but not in the control group. Conclusion A single bout of exercise may effectively decrease serum BDNF levels in patients with RA and healthy subjects. The long-term effect of exercise on BDNF levels should be investigated in prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songül Bağlan Yentur
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Fırat University Faculty of Health Science, Elazığ, Türkiye
| | - Zübeyde Ercan
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Fırat University Faculty of Health Science, Elazığ, Türkiye
| | - Gülnihal Deniz
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Erzurum Technical University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Ahmet Karataş
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Fırat University, Faculty of Medicine, Elazığ, Türkiye
| | - Mustafa Gür
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Fırat University, Faculty of Medicine, Elazığ, Türkiye
| | - Gökhan Alkan
- Deparment of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Fırat University Faculty of Medicine, Elazığ, Türkiye
| | - Süleyman Serdar Koca
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Fırat University, Faculty of Medicine, Elazığ, Türkiye
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Henrique PPB, Perez FMP, Dorneles G, Peres A, Korb A, Elsner V, De Marchi ACB. Exergame and/or conventional training-induced neuroplasticity and cognitive improvement by engaging epigenetic and inflammatory modulation in elderly women: A randomized clinical trial. Physiol Behav 2023; 258:113996. [PMID: 36252683 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the acute and long-term impact of exergaming (EXE) and conventional therapy (CON) in the peripheral levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), inflammatory markers (interleukin [IL]-1b, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α]) and epigenetic mechanisms (global histone H3 and H4 acetylation levels in mononuclear cells) of healthy elderly women. We also evaluated the effect of intervention on cognitive performance in these individuals. METHODS Twenty-two elderly women were randomly assigned into two groups: EXE (n = 12) and CON (n = 10). Both interventions were performed twice a week for 6 weeks (12 sessions). Blood samples were obtained before intervention, after the first session, and 1 hour after the last session. Cognitive performance was evaluated before and after intervention. RESULTS Both EXE and CON interventions ameliorated cognitive performance, improved inflammatory profile, enhanced BDNF levels, and induced histone H4 and H3 hyperacetylation status in elderly women. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that the proposed interventions can be considered important strategies capable of promoting cognitive improvement in healthy elderly women. The acetylation status of histones and inflammatory cytokines are possible molecular mechanisms that mediate this beneficial response, being distinctly modulated by acute and long-term exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabrízzio Martin Pelle Perez
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Envelhecimento Humano, Instituto de Saúde, Universidade de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Brazil
| | - Gilson Dorneles
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular e Molecular, Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Peres
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular e Molecular, Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Arthiese Korb
- Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões - URI Campus de Erechim, Brazil
| | - Viviane Elsner
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Bertoletti De Marchi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Envelhecimento Humano, Instituto de Saúde, Universidade de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Computação Aplicada, Instituto de Tecnologia, Universidade de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Brazil
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Zhao H, He Z, Yun H, Wang R, Liu C. A Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Different Exercise Modes on Inflammatory Response in the Elderly. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10451. [PMID: 36012088 PMCID: PMC9407701 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different exercise modes on improving inflammatory response in the elderly. For the research methodology, databases such as CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), Wanfang Data, Pubmed, Web of Science, and EBSCO were selected for searching. The Cochrane Risk of Bias (ROB) tool was used to evaluate the methodological quality of the included studies, and RevMan5.4.1 analysis software was applied for the statistical analysis. A total of 31 studies (20 randomized controlled trials and 11 self-controlled trials) with 1528 subjects were included. The results of this meta-analysis showed that aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, aerobic + resistance exercise, and HIIT all significantly reduced the levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and CRP in the elderly, and the improvement effects of aerobic + resistance exercise on IL-6, HIIT on TNF-α, and resistance exercise on CRP in the elderly were better than those of the other three exercise modes, respectively. In conclusion, aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, aerobic + resistance exercise, and HIIT all contribute to ameliorating the inflammatory status of the elderly, among which resistance exercise is a noteworthy exercise mode for the elderly to improve inflammatory status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Zhao
- Department of Physical Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhijian He
- Department of Sports Teaching and Research, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hezhang Yun
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ruifu Wang
- Department of Physical Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chang Liu
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
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Vints WAJ, Levin O, Fujiyama H, Verbunt J, Masiulis N. Exerkines and long-term synaptic potentiation: Mechanisms of exercise-induced neuroplasticity. Front Neuroendocrinol 2022; 66:100993. [PMID: 35283168 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2022.100993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Physical exercise may improve cognitive function by modulating molecular and cellular mechanisms within the brain. We propose that the facilitation of long-term synaptic potentiation (LTP)-related pathways, by products induced by physical exercise (i.e., exerkines), is a crucial aspect of the exercise-effect on the brain. This review summarizes synaptic pathways that are activated by exerkines and may potentiate LTP. For a total of 16 exerkines, we indicated how blood and brain exerkine levels are altered depending on the type of physical exercise (i.e., cardiovascular or resistance exercise) and how they respond to a single bout (i.e., acute exercise) or multiple bouts of physical exercise (i.e., chronic exercise). This information may be used for designing individualized physical exercise programs. Finally, this review may serve to direct future research towards fundamental gaps in our current knowledge regarding the biophysical interactions between muscle activity and the brain at both cellular and system levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter A J Vints
- Department of Health Promotion and Rehabilitation, Lithuanian Sports University, Sporto str. 6, LT-44221 Kaunas, Lithuania; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Research School CAPHRI, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands; Centre of Expertise in Rehabilitation and Audiology, Adelante Zorggroep, P.O. Box 88, 6430 AB Hoensbroek, the Netherlands.
| | - Oron Levin
- Department of Health Promotion and Rehabilitation, Lithuanian Sports University, Sporto str. 6, LT-44221 Kaunas, Lithuania; Movement Control & Neuroplasticity Research Group, Group Biomedical Sciences, Catholic University Leuven, Tervuursevest 101, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium.
| | - Hakuei Fujiyama
- Department of Psychology, Murdoch University, 90 South St., WA 6150 Perth, Australia; Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, 90 South St., WA 6150 Perth, Australia; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, 90 South St., WA 6150 Perth, Australia.
| | - Jeanine Verbunt
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Research School CAPHRI, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands; Centre of Expertise in Rehabilitation and Audiology, Adelante Zorggroep, P.O. Box 88, 6430 AB Hoensbroek, the Netherlands.
| | - Nerijus Masiulis
- Department of Health Promotion and Rehabilitation, Lithuanian Sports University, Sporto str. 6, LT-44221 Kaunas, Lithuania; Department of Rehabilitation, Physical and Sports Medicine, Institute of Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M. K. Čiurlionio Str. 21, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania.
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Yang Z, Zhang W, Liu D, Zhang SS, Tang Y, Song J, Long J, Yang J, Jiang H, Li Y, Liu X, Lü Y, Ding F. Effects of Sport Stacking on Neuropsychological, Neurobiological, and Brain Function Performances in Patients With Mild Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:910261. [PMID: 35645781 PMCID: PMC9133718 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.910261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effects of sport stacking on the overall cognition and brain function in patients with mild Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods A single-blind randomized controlled design was performed using sport stacking for 30 min, 5 days/week for 12 weeks. Forty-eight subjects with mild AD or MCI were randomly divided into the sport stacking group (T-mAD = 12, T-MCI = 12) and the active control group (C-mAD = 11, C-MCI = 13). Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT), Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study–Activities of Daily Living scale (ADCS-ADL), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-30), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were performed, the level of amyloid β-protein-40 (Aβ-40), Aβ-42, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), and soluble trigger receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (sTREM2) in plasma were tested, and brain functional connectivity in resting state and activation under finger movement task were analyzed by functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Results Thirty-nine patients completed the trial. After 4 weeks, we found a significant increase in AVLT score in T-MCI (6.36 ± 5.08 vs. −1.11 ± 4.23, p = 0.004), and T-mAD group (4.60 ± 4.77 vs. −0.11 ± 2.89, p = 0.039). After 12 weeks, there was a significantly improved in AVLT (9.64 ± 4.90 vs. −0.33 ± 6.10, p = 0.002) and ADCS-ADL (3.36 ± 3.59 vs. −1.89 ± 2.71, p = 0.003) in T-MCI. There was a significant improvement in AVLT (5.30 ± 5.42 vs. 0.44 ± 2.40) in T-mAD (p < 0.05). Plasma levels of BDNF were upregulated in both T-MCI and T-mAD, and IGF-1 increased in T-MCI (P < 0.05) compared to the control groups. The functional connectivity in MCI patients between DLPFC.R and SCA.R, SMA.L, and SCA.R was decreased. In contrast, in mAD patients, the brain regional function connection was increased between DLPFC.R and Broca's.L. The activation of channel 36 located in the left primary somatosensory cortex was significantly increased after 12-week training, which was correlated with the improved AVLT and the increase of BDNF. Conclusion Our findings suggested that sport stacking is effective for patients with MCI and mild AD, possibly through increasing the expression of neuroprotective growth factors and enhancing neural plasticity to improve neurocognitive performance. Clinical Trial Registration https://www.ClinicalTrials.gov, ChiCTR.org.cn, identifier: ChiCTR-2100045980.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziying Yang
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenbo Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dunxiu Liu
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shan-shan Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yong Tang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiaqi Song
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinfeng Long
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yaling Li
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xintong Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Lü
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Yang Lü
| | - Fu Ding
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Fu Ding
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Nunes EA, Stokes T, McKendry J, Currier BS, Phillips SM. Disuse-induced skeletal muscle atrophy in disease and non-disease states in humans: mechanisms, prevention, and recovery strategies. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 322:C1068-C1084. [PMID: 35476500 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00425.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Decreased skeletal muscle contractile activity (disuse) or unloading leads to muscle mass loss, also known as muscle atrophy. The balance between muscle protein synthesis (MPS) and muscle protein breakdown (MPB) is the primary determinant of skeletal muscle mass. A reduced mechanical load on skeletal muscle is one of the main external factors leading to muscle atrophy. However, endocrine and inflammatory factors can act synergistically in catabolic states, amplifying the atrophy process and accelerating its progression. Additionally, older individuals display aging-induced anabolic resistance, which can predispose this population to more pronounced effects when exposed to periods of reduced physical activity or mechanical unloading. Different cellular mechanisms contribute to the regulation of muscle protein balance during skeletal muscle atrophy. This review summarizes the effects of muscle disuse on muscle protein balance and the molecular mechanisms involved in muscle atrophy in the absence or presence of disease. Finally, a discussion of the current literature describing efficient strategies to prevent or improve the recovery from muscle atrophy is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Everson A Nunes
- Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Laboratory of Investigation of Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Tanner Stokes
- Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - James McKendry
- Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Brad S Currier
- Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Stuart M Phillips
- Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Wang YH, Zhou HH, Luo Q, Cui S. The effect of physical exercise on circulating brain-derived neurotrophic factor in healthy subjects: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Brain Behav 2022; 12:e2544. [PMID: 35274832 PMCID: PMC9014996 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate how physical exercise (PE) would affect brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of healthy subjects. METHODS Seven databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus) were searched for RCTs assessing the effects of PE on serum and/or plasma BDNF until December 18, 2021. Meta-analysis was performed by random-effects method with standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup analysis and meta-regression analysis were conducted to investigate the potential source of heterogeneity. Trim and fill method, and leave-one-out cross-validation were conducted. RESULTS Eventually, 21 articles, involving 809 participants, were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, both acute (5 trials, SMD: 1.20, 95% CI: 0.36 to 2.04, p = .005) and long-term (17 trials, SMD: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.27 to 1.08, p = .001) PE had significant positive effects on BDNF levels. Via subgroup analysis, studies of long-term PE with larger sample sizes, female participants, participants older than 60 years, and aerobic exercise contributed to a more pronounced improvement on BDNF levels than that found when all studies were combined. CONCLUSION Both acute and long-term PE had significant positive effects on circulating BDNF in healthy subjects. This review suggests that acute exercise and long-term aerobic exercise are powerful forms of PE to enhance neurotrophic effect, especially for female subjects or subjects over 60 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Hai Wang
- Physical Education College, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China
| | - Huan-Huan Zhou
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qiang Luo
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Pu'er Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Pu'er, China
| | - Sidong Cui
- Physical Education College, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China
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12
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Liberman K, Njemini R, Forti LN, Cools W, Debacq-Chainiaux F, Kooijman R, Beyer I, Bautmans I. Three Months of Strength Training Changes the Gene Expression of Inflammation-Related Genes in PBMC of Older Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030531. [PMID: 35159340 PMCID: PMC8834561 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we investigate changes in inflammation-related gene-expression in peripheral mononuclear blood cells (PBMC) by strength training. A total of 14 women aged ≥65 years were randomized into 3 months of either 3×/week intensive strength training (IST: 3×10 rep at 80% 1RM), strength endurance training (SET: 2×30 reps at 40% 1RM) or control (CON: 3×30 sec stretching). Differentially expressed genes (fold change ≤0.67 or ≥1.5) were identified by targeted RNA-sequencing of 407 inflammation-related genes. A total of 98 genes (n = 61 pro-inflammatory) were significantly affected. IST and SET altered 14 genes in a similar direction and 19 genes in the opposite direction. Compared to CON, IST changed the expression of 6 genes in the same direction, and 17 genes in the SET. Likewise, 18 and 13 genes were oppositely expressed for, respectively, IST and SET compared to CON. Changes in gene expression affected 33 canonical pathways related to chronic inflammation. None of the altered pathways overlapped between IST and SET. Liver X Receptor/Retinoid X Receptor Activation (LXR/RXR) and Triggering Receptor Expressed On Myeloid Cells 1 (TREM1) pathways were enriched oppositely in both training groups. We conclude that three months IST and SET can induce changes in CLIP-related gene expression in PBMC, but by affecting different genes and related pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keliane Liberman
- Frailty in Ageing Research Group (FRIA), Gerontology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), B-1090 Brussels, Belgium; (K.L.); (R.N.); (L.N.F.); (I.B.)
| | - Rose Njemini
- Frailty in Ageing Research Group (FRIA), Gerontology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), B-1090 Brussels, Belgium; (K.L.); (R.N.); (L.N.F.); (I.B.)
| | - Louis Nuvagah Forti
- Frailty in Ageing Research Group (FRIA), Gerontology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), B-1090 Brussels, Belgium; (K.L.); (R.N.); (L.N.F.); (I.B.)
| | - Wilfried Cools
- Interfaculty Center Data Processing and Statistics (ICDS), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), B-1090 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Florence Debacq-Chainiaux
- URBC, NAmur Research Institute for LIfe Science (NARILIS), University of Namur, B-5000 Namur, Belgium;
| | - Ron Kooijman
- Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Ingo Beyer
- Frailty in Ageing Research Group (FRIA), Gerontology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), B-1090 Brussels, Belgium; (K.L.); (R.N.); (L.N.F.); (I.B.)
- Geriatrics Department, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ivan Bautmans
- Frailty in Ageing Research Group (FRIA), Gerontology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), B-1090 Brussels, Belgium; (K.L.); (R.N.); (L.N.F.); (I.B.)
- Geriatrics Department, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium
- Correspondence:
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13
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Fleitas JC, Hammuod SFP, Kakuta E, Loreti EH. A Meta-analysis of the effects of physical exercise on peripheral levels of a brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the elderly. Biomarkers 2022; 27:205-214. [DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2021.2024602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Eduardo Henrique Loreti
- Department of Physiotherapy. University Center of Grande Dourados.
- Federal University of Grande Dourados
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14
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Behrendt T, Kirschnick F, Kröger L, Beileke P, Rezepin M, Brigadski T, Leßmann V, Schega L. Comparison of the effects of open vs. closed skill exercise on the acute and chronic BDNF, IGF-1 and IL-6 response in older healthy adults. BMC Neurosci 2021; 22:71. [PMID: 34823469 PMCID: PMC8614060 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-021-00675-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence shows that physical exercise has a positive effect on the release of neurotrophic factors and myokines. However, evidence regarding the optimal type of physical exercise for these release is still lacking. The aim of this study was to assess the acute and chronic effects of open-skill exercise (OSE) compared to closed-skill exercise (CSE) on serum and plasma levels of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNFS, BDNFP), and serum levels of insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in healthy older adults. METHODS To investigate acute effects, thirty-eight participants were randomly assigned to either an intervention (badminton (aOSE) and bicycling (aCSE), n = 24, 65.83 ± 5.98 years) or control group (reading (CG), n = 14, 67.07 ± 2.37 years). Blood samples were taken immediately before and 5 min after each condition. During each condition, heart rate was monitored. The mean heart rate of aOSE and aCSE were equivalent (65 ± 5% of heart rate reserve). In a subsequent 12-week training-intervention, twenty-two participants were randomly assigned to either a sport-games (cOSE, n = 6, 64.50 ± 6.32) or a strength-endurance training (cCSE, n = 9, 64.89 ± 3.51) group to assess for chronic effects. Training intensity for both groups was adjusted to a subjective perceived exertion using the CR-10 scale (value 7). Blood samples were taken within one day after the training-intervention. RESULTS BDNFS, BDNFP, IGF-1, and IL-6 levels increased after a single exercise session of 30 min. After 12 weeks of training BDNFS and IL-6 levels were elevated, whereas IGF-1 levels were reduced in both groups. However, only in the cOSE group these changes were significant. We could not find any significant differences between the exercise types. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that both exercise types are efficient to acutely increase BDNFS, BDNFP, IGF-1 and IL-6 serum levels in healthy older adults. Additionally, our results tend to support that OSE is more effective for improving basal BDNFS levels after 12 weeks of training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Behrendt
- Chair for Health and Physical Activity, Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Humanities, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Franziska Kirschnick
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Lasse Kröger
- Chair for Health and Physical Activity, Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Humanities, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Phillip Beileke
- Chair for Health and Physical Activity, Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Humanities, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Maxim Rezepin
- Chair for Health and Physical Activity, Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Humanities, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Brigadski
- Department of Informatics and Microsystem Technology, University of Applied Sciences, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Volkmar Leßmann
- Institute of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Lutz Schega
- Chair for Health and Physical Activity, Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Humanities, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
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15
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Rose GL, Mielke GI, Durr M, Schaumberg MA. Effect of resistance training on chronic inflammation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. TRANSLATIONAL SPORTS MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/tsm2.294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Grace Laura Rose
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences The University of Queensland Brisbane Australia
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work The University of Queensland Brisbane Australia
| | - Gregore Iven Mielke
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences The University of Queensland Brisbane Australia
| | - Madeleine Durr
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences The University of Queensland Brisbane Australia
| | - Mia Annalies Schaumberg
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences The University of Queensland Brisbane Australia
- School of Health and Behavioural Sciences University of the Sunshine Coast Sippy Downs Australia
- Sunshine Coast Health Institute Birtinya Australia
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16
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Yang SS, He Y, Xu L, Jin Y, Zhang WS, Jiang CQ, Cheng KK, Lam TH. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene variants and obesity in former smokers. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:668. [PMID: 34525971 PMCID: PMC8442367 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07928-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE From genome-wide association studies, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) locus on chromosome 11 was the only SNP associated with both smoking and body mass index (BMI) in European, African and Asian population. This study aims to explore the unique genetic predisposition to obesity in former smokers by examining the effects of BDNF on BMI and waist circumference (WC). METHODS The study design is case-control study with a cohort validation in supplementary. We included 15,072 ethnic Chinese participants in the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study (GBCS) with data of four BDNF SNPs related to both BMI and smoking behavior. We used baseline smoke exposure data in 2003-2007 and follow-up outcomes of general obesity (by BMI) and central obesity (WC) in 2008-2012. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for general obesity and central obesity associated with these SNPs were derived from logistic regression. RESULTS Of 15,072 participants (3169 men and 11,903 women), 1664 (11.0%) had general and 7868 (52.2%) had central obesity. In 1233 former smokers, the rs6265 GG, versus AA, genotype was associated with higher risks of general obesity (OR = 1.79, 95% CI = 1.06-3.01) and central obesity (OR = 2.08, 95% CI = 1.47-2.92) after adjustment. These associations were not significant in never or current smokers. In former heavy (≥20 cigarettes/day) smokers, the rs6265 GG genotype showed a higher odds for general obesity (OR = 2.15, 95% CI = 1.05-4.40), while no association was found in former light (1-9 cigarettes/day) smokers. Similar results were found for the association of rs6265 with central obesity and for the associations of other two BDNF SNPs (rs4923457 and rs11030104) with both general and central obesity. CONCLUSIONS We firstly identified the genetic predisposition (BDNF SNPs) to general and central obesity in former smokers, particularly in former heavy smokers. The different associations of the SNPs for general/central obesity in different smoke exposure groups may be related to the competitive performance of the sites and epigenetic modification, which needs further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Yang
- Institute of geriatrics, the 2nd Medical Center,Beijing Key Laboratory of Aging and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China
- Department of Disease Prevention and Control, the 1st Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yao He
- Institute of geriatrics, the 2nd Medical Center,Beijing Key Laboratory of Aging and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Lin Xu
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hongkong, China
| | - Yali Jin
- Guangzhou Number 12 People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Sen Zhang
- Guangzhou Number 12 People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Kar Keung Cheng
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Tai Hing Lam
- Institute of geriatrics, the 2nd Medical Center,Beijing Key Laboratory of Aging and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hongkong, China
- Guangzhou Number 12 People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
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Arazi H, Babaei P, Moghimi M, Asadi A. Acute effects of strength and endurance exercise on serum BDNF and IGF-1 levels in older men. BMC Geriatr 2021; 21:50. [PMID: 33441099 PMCID: PMC7807435 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-020-01937-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Regarding an important effects of physical exercise on brain function in elders, the aim of this study was to examine the effects of strength and endurance exercise on brain neurobiological factors in older men. Methods Thirty older men volunteered to participate in this study and were randomly assigned to strength, endurance and control groups. The subjects in strength group performed two circuits of resistance exercise (6 exercises with 10 repetition of 65–70% of one repetition maximum), while endurance group performed 30 min running with 65–70% of maximal heart rate. Blood was obtained pre and post-exercise to determine changes in serum BDNF, IGF-1 and platelets. Results After exercise, both the strength and endurance groups showed significant increases in serum BDNF and IGF-1 concentrations and platelets at post-exercise and in comparison to control group (p < 0.05). In addition, no statistically significant differences were detected between the strength and endurance groups at post-exercise. Conclusion Our findings indicate that both the strength and endurance interventions are effective in elevating BDNF, IGF-1, and platelets, without significant differences between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Arazi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Parvin Babaei
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.,Department of Physiology, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Makan Moghimi
- Department of Sport Sciences, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
| | - Abbas Asadi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
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18
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Resistance Exercise Intensity Does Not Influence Neurotrophic Factors Response in Equated Volume Schemes. J Hum Kinet 2020; 74:227-236. [PMID: 33312290 PMCID: PMC7706651 DOI: 10.2478/hukin-2020-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of 2 different intensities of resistance training (RT) bouts, performed with the equated total load lifted (TLL), on the acute responses of neurotrophic factors (NFs) (brain-derived neurotrophic factor [BDNF]; and nerve growth factor [NGF]), as well as on metabolic (lactate concentration) and hormonal (salivary cortisol concentration) responses. Thirty participants (males, 22.8 ± 2.3 years old, 177 ± 6.8 cm, 75.5 ± 7.9 kg, n = 15; and females, 22.2 ± 1.7 years, 163.7 ± 6.5 cm, 57 ± 7.6 kg, n = 15) performed 2 separate acute RT bouts with one week between trials. One bout consisted of 4 sets of 5 submaximal repetitions at 70% of 1RM and the other of 4 sets of 10 submaximal repetitions at 35% of 1RM for each exercise. Both RT bouts were conducted using the bench press and squat exercises. The TLL in each bout (determined by sets x repetitions x load [kg]) was equated. Serum BDNF, serum NGF, salivary cortisol, and blood lactate concentration were determined pre- and post-RT. No significant pre- to post-exercise increase in neurotrophic factors (p > 0.05; BDNF; effect size = 0.46 and NGF; effect size = 0.48) was observed for either of the RT bouts. A similar increase in blood lactate concentration was observed pre- to post-exercise for both RT bouts (p < 0.05). Cortisol increased similarly for both RT bouts, when compared to the resting day condition (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the results suggest that, despite differences in RT schemes, a similar acute neurotrophic, metabolic and hormonal response was observed when the TLL is equated.
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Rezola-Pardo C, Hervás G, Arrieta H, Hernández-de Diego A, Ruiz-Litago F, Gil SM, Rodriguez-Larrad A, Irazusta J. Physical exercise interventions have no effect on serum BDNF concentration in older adults living in long-term nursing homes. Exp Gerontol 2020; 139:111024. [PMID: 32693009 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.111024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Physical exercise protects against age-related cognitive decline. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) may mediate some of the cognitive benefits of physical exercise, but the effect of physical exercise on serum BDNF is unclear. Indeed, differential findings have been reported depending on the characteristics of the participants and the intensity, duration, and type of exercise. The aim of this study was to determine whether three different physical exercise interventions alter serum BDNF levels in older adults living in long-term nursing homes (LTNHs) and whether changes in physical, cognitive, and dual-task performance are related to changes in serum BDNF. LTNH study participants (n = 126) were randomly assigned to multicomponent or dual-task training or a walking program and serum BDNF levels were analyzed by ELISA. We also assessed physical, cognitive, and dual-task parameters. Neither the multicomponent, dual-task, nor walking exercise programs caused changes in serum BDNF concentration in older adults living in LTNHs. Changes in BDNF during the interventions were not significantly associated with modifications in physical, cognitive or dual-task performance parameters. Our results provide new evidence clarifying the relationship between physical and cognitive exercise and BDNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Rezola-Pardo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursery, University of the Basque Country, Bo Sarriena s/n, Leioa 48940, Bizkaia, Spain.
| | - Gotzone Hervás
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursery, University of the Basque Country, Bo Sarriena s/n, Leioa 48940, Bizkaia, Spain.
| | - Haritz Arrieta
- Department of Nursing II, Faculty of Medicine and Nursery, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo Dr. J. Beguiristain, 105, Donostia/San Sebastian 20014, Gipuzkoa, Spain; Onkologikoa Foundation, Paseo Doctor Beguiristain, 121, Donostia/San Sebastián 20014, Gipuzkoa, Spain.
| | | | - Fatima Ruiz-Litago
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursery, University of the Basque Country, Bo Sarriena s/n, Leioa 48940, Bizkaia, Spain.
| | - Susana Maria Gil
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursery, University of the Basque Country, Bo Sarriena s/n, Leioa 48940, Bizkaia, Spain.
| | - Ana Rodriguez-Larrad
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursery, University of the Basque Country, Bo Sarriena s/n, Leioa 48940, Bizkaia, Spain.
| | - Jon Irazusta
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursery, University of the Basque Country, Bo Sarriena s/n, Leioa 48940, Bizkaia, Spain.
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20
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Silva BSDA, Lira FSD, de Freitas MC, Uzeloto JS, Dos Santos VR, Freire APCF, Bertolini GN, Gobbo LA. Traditional and elastic resistance training enhances functionality and lipid profile in the elderly. Exp Gerontol 2020; 135:110921. [PMID: 32151736 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.110921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Spolador de Alencar Silva
- Skeletal Muscle Assessment Laboratory, School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Movement Sciences, School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil.
| | - Fábio Santos de Lira
- Postgraduate Program in Movement Sciences, School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Conrado de Freitas
- Skeletal Muscle Assessment Laboratory, School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Movement Sciences, School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Souza Uzeloto
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Therapy, School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Ribeiro Dos Santos
- Skeletal Muscle Assessment Laboratory, School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Movement Sciences, School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Coelho Figueira Freire
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Therapy, School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Giovana Navarro Bertolini
- Skeletal Muscle Assessment Laboratory, School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Movement Sciences, School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Luís Alberto Gobbo
- Skeletal Muscle Assessment Laboratory, School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Movement Sciences, School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Physical Therapy, School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil.
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Cao Dinh H, Njemini R, Onyema OO, Beyer I, Liberman K, De Dobbeleer L, Renmans W, Vander Meeren S, Jochmans K, Delaere A, Knoop V, Bautmans I. Strength Endurance Training but Not Intensive Strength Training Reduces Senescence-Prone T Cells in Peripheral Blood in Community-Dwelling Elderly Women. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2020; 74:1870-1878. [PMID: 30285092 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gly229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is characterized by a progressive decline in immune function known as immunosenescence. Although the causes of immunosenescence are likely to be multifactorial, an age-associated accumulation of senescent T cells and decreased naive T-cell repertoire are key contributors to the phenomenon. On the other hand, there is a growing consensus that physical exercise may improve immune response in aging. However, the optimum training modality required to obtain beneficial adaptations in older subjects is lacking. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects of exercise modality on T-cell phenotypes in older women. A total of 100 women (aged ≥ 65 years) were randomized to either intensive strength training (80% of one-repetition maximum ), strength endurance training (40% one-repetition maximum), or control (stretching exercise) for 2-3 times per week during 6 weeks. The T-cell percentages and absolute counts were determined using flow cytometry and a hematology analyzer. C-reactive protein was measured using immunonephelometry. We report for the first time that 6 weeks of strength endurance training significantly decreased the basal percentage and absolute counts of senescence-prone T cells, which was positively related to the number of training sessions performed. Conceivably, training protocols with many repetitions-at a sufficiently high external resistance-might assist the reduction of senescence-prone T cells in older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung Cao Dinh
- Frailty in Ageing Research Group.,Gerontology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel
| | - Rose Njemini
- Frailty in Ageing Research Group.,Gerontology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel
| | - Oscar Okwudiri Onyema
- Frailty in Ageing Research Group.,Gerontology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel
| | - Ingo Beyer
- Frailty in Ageing Research Group.,Gerontology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel.,Head Gerontology (GERO) & Frailty in Ageing Research (FRIA) Departments
| | - Keliane Liberman
- Frailty in Ageing Research Group.,Gerontology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel
| | - Liza De Dobbeleer
- Frailty in Ageing Research Group.,Gerontology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel
| | - Wim Renmans
- Hematology Laboratory, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Belgium
| | | | | | - Andreas Delaere
- Frailty in Ageing Research Group.,Gerontology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel
| | - Veerle Knoop
- Frailty in Ageing Research Group.,Gerontology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel
| | - Ivan Bautmans
- Frailty in Ageing Research Group.,Gerontology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel.,Head Gerontology (GERO) & Frailty in Ageing Research (FRIA) Departments
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22
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Marinus N, Hansen D, Feys P, Meesen R, Timmermans A, Spildooren J. The Impact of Different Types of Exercise Training on Peripheral Blood Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Concentrations in Older Adults: A Meta-Analysis. Sports Med 2020; 49:1529-1546. [PMID: 31270754 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-019-01148-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases (such as dementia) continues to increase due to population aging, it is mandatory to understand the role of exercise for maintaining/improving brain health. OBJECTIVES To analyse the impact of aerobic, strength and combined aerobic/strength exercise training on peripheral brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) concentrations in older adults (minimum age 60 years). METHODS This meta-analysis adhered to PRISMA guidelines. Inclusion criteria were: (i) studies with subjects aged ≥ 60 years, (ii) completing a single exercise bout or an exercise programme, with (iii) measurements of blood BDNF in the periphery; (iv) with comparison between (a) an intervention and control group or (b) two intervention groups, or (c) pre- and post-measurements of an exercise intervention without control group. Studies with specific interest in known chronic co-morbidities or brain diseases affecting the peripheral and/or central nervous system, except for dementia, were excluded. RESULTS In general, peripheral blood BDNF concentrations increased significantly after a single aerobic/strength exercise bout (Z = 2.21, P = 0.03) as well as after an exercise programme (Z = 4.72, P < 0.001). However, when comparing the different types of exercise within these programmes, the increase in the peripheral BDNF concentrations was significant after strength training (Z = 2.94, P = 0.003) and combined aerobic/strength training (Z = 3.03, P = 0.002) but not after (low-to-moderate intense) aerobic exercise training (Z = 0.82, P = 0.41). CONCLUSIONS Based on current evidence, to increase the peripheral blood BDNF concentrations in older adults, strength training and combined aerobic/strength training is effective. More studies are needed to examine the impact of aerobic exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastasia Marinus
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, REVAL-Rehabilitation Research Center, Hasselt University, Agoralaan, Building A, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium. .,BIOMED-Biomedical Research Center, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Dominique Hansen
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, REVAL-Rehabilitation Research Center, Hasselt University, Agoralaan, Building A, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Heart Centre Hasselt, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium.,BIOMED-Biomedical Research Center, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Peter Feys
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, REVAL-Rehabilitation Research Center, Hasselt University, Agoralaan, Building A, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,BIOMED-Biomedical Research Center, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Raf Meesen
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, REVAL-Rehabilitation Research Center, Hasselt University, Agoralaan, Building A, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Annick Timmermans
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, REVAL-Rehabilitation Research Center, Hasselt University, Agoralaan, Building A, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Joke Spildooren
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, REVAL-Rehabilitation Research Center, Hasselt University, Agoralaan, Building A, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
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23
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Vieira DCL, Nascimento DC, Tajra V, Teixeira TG, Farias DL, Tibana RA, Silva AO, Rosa TS, DE Moraes MR, Voltarelli FA, Navalta JW, Prestes J. High Supervised Resistance Training in Elderly Women: The Role of Supervision Ratio. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXERCISE SCIENCE 2020; 13:597-606. [PMID: 32509119 PMCID: PMC7241618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare the effects of very high supervision (VHS-RT) versus high supervision (HS-RT) ratio resistance training (RT) on irisin, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BNDF), muscle strength, functional capacity, and body composition in elderly women. Participants performed daily undulating periodized RT over 16 weeks with two different supervision ratios: VHS-RT at 1:2 (supervisor/subject) or HS-RT at 1:5. Serum was used to analyze brain derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) and irisin by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Body composition was evaluated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, while functional capacity was evaluated using the Six-minute walk test, and Timed Up and Go (TUG). One- repetition maximum (1RM) was determined for bench press and 45° leg press exercises. For both groups, no differences between baseline and post-training were identified for irisin and lean mass (p > 0.05). Both groups improved bench press 1-RM, 45° leg press 1-RM, and TUG (p < 0.05). The VHS-RT group displayed higher effect sizes for 1-RM tests. Moreover, only VHS-RT group reduced body fat and body fat percentage (p < 0.05). In contrast, the HS-RT increased BDNF (p < 0.01). In this sense, RT enhances muscle strength and functional capacity in elderly women independent of supervision ratio. A greater supervision ratio during RT may induce more improvements in muscle strength, and body composition than lower supervision ratio during RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis C L Vieira
- Department of Physical Education, UDF - University Center, Brasília, Distrito Federal, BRAZIL
- College of Physical Education, University of Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, BRAZIL
| | - Dahan C Nascimento
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, BRAZIL
- Department of Physical Education, UDF - University Center, Brasília, Distrito Federal, BRAZIL
| | - Vitor Tajra
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, BRAZIL
| | - Tatiane G Teixeira
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, BRAZIL
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rondônia, Porto Velho, Rondônia, BRAZIL
| | - Darlan L Farias
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, BRAZIL
| | - Ramires A Tibana
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, BRAZIL
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiaba, Mato Grosso, BRAZIL
| | - Alessandro O Silva
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, BRAZIL
| | - Thiago S Rosa
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, BRAZIL
| | - Milton R DE Moraes
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, BRAZIL
| | - Fabricio A Voltarelli
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiaba, Mato Grosso, BRAZIL
| | - James W Navalta
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Science, University of Nevada-Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Jonato Prestes
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, BRAZIL
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24
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Inoue DS, Antunes BM, Maideen MFB, Lira FS. Pathophysiological Features of Obesity and its Impact on Cognition: Exercise Training as a Non-Pharmacological Approach. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:916-931. [PMID: 31942854 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200114102524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of individuals with obesity is growing worldwide and this is a worrying trend, as obesity has shown to cause pathophysiological changes, which result in the emergence of comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus type 2 and cancer. In addition, cognitive performance may be compromised by immunometabolic deregulation of obesity. Although in more critical cases, the use of medications is recommended, a physically active lifestyle is one of the main foundations for health maintenance, making physical training an important tool to reduce the harmful effects of excessive fat accumulation. AIM The purpose of this review of the literature is to present the impact of immunometabolic alterations on cognitive function in individuals with obesity, and the role of exercise training as a non-pharmacological approach to improve the inflammatory profile, energy metabolism and neuroplasticity in obesity. METHOD An overview of the etiology and pathophysiology of obesity to establish a possible link with cognitive performance in obese individuals, with the executive function being one of the most affected cognitive components. In addition, the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) profile and its impact on cognition in obese individuals are discussed. Lastly, studies showing regular resistance and/or aerobic training, which may be able to improve the pathophysiological condition and cognitive performance through the improvement of the inflammatory profile, decreased insulin resistance and higher BDNF production are discussed. CONCLUSION Exercise training is essential for reestablishment and maintenance of health by increasing energy expenditure, insulin resistance reduction, anti-inflammatory proteins and neurotrophin production corroborating to upregulation of body function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela S Inoue
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Post-Graduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, State University (UNESP), School of Technology and Sciences, Presidente Prudente, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bárbara M Antunes
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Post-Graduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, State University (UNESP), School of Technology and Sciences, Presidente Prudente, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mohammad F B Maideen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Thermal Ergonomics Laboratory, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Fábio S Lira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Post-Graduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, State University (UNESP), School of Technology and Sciences, Presidente Prudente, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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25
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Hong SH, Choi KM. Sarcopenic Obesity, Insulin Resistance, and Their Implications in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Consequences. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020494. [PMID: 31941015 PMCID: PMC7013734 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of sarcopenic obesity is increasing worldwide, particularly amongst aging populations. Insulin resistance is the core mechanism of sarcopenic obesity and is also associated with variable cardiometabolic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Fat accumulation in muscle tissue promotes a proinflammatory cascade and oxidative stress, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired insulin signaling, and muscle atrophy. To compound the problem, decreased muscle mass aggravates insulin resistance. In addition, the crosstalk between myokines and adipokines leads to negative feedback, which in turn aggravates sarcopenic obesity and insulin resistance. In this review, we focus on the molecular mechanisms linking sarcopenic obesity and insulin resistance with various biological pathways. We also discuss the impact and mechanism of sarcopenic obesity and insulin resistance on cardiometabolic disease.
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26
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Arrieta H, Rezola-Pardo C, Kortajarena M, Hervás G, Gil J, Yanguas JJ, Iturburu M, Gil SM, Irazusta J, Rodriguez-Larrad A. The impact of physical exercise on cognitive and affective functions and serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in nursing home residents: A randomized controlled trial. Maturitas 2020; 131:72-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2019.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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27
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Máderová D, Krumpolec P, Slobodová L, Schön M, Tirpáková V, Kovaničová Z, Klepochová R, Vajda M, Šutovský S, Cvečka J, Valkovič L, Turčáni P, Krššák M, Sedliak M, Tsai CL, Ukropcová B, Ukropec J. Acute and regular exercise distinctly modulate serum, plasma and skeletal muscle BDNF in the elderly. Neuropeptides 2019; 78:101961. [PMID: 31506171 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2019.101961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) participates in orchestrating the adaptive response to exercise. However, the importance of transient changes in circulating BDNF for eliciting whole-body and skeletal muscle exercise benefits in humans remains relatively unexplored. Here, we investigated effects of acute aerobic exercise and 3-month aerobic-strength training on serum, plasma and skeletal muscle BDNF in twenty-two sedentary older individuals (69.0 ± 8.0 yrs., 9 M/13F). BDNF response to acute exercise was additionally evaluated in young trained individuals (25.1 ± 2.1 yrs., 3 M/5F). Acute aerobic exercise transiently increased serum BDNF in sedentary (16%, p = .007) but not in trained elderly or young individuals. Resting serum or plasma BDNF was not regulated by exercise training in the elderly. However, subtle training-related changes of serum BDNF positively correlated with improvements in walking speed (R = 0.59, p = .005), muscle mass (R = 0.43, p = .04) and cognitive performance (R = 0.41, p = .05) and negatively with changes in body fat (R = -0.43, p = .04) and triglyceridemia (R = -0.53, p = .01). Individuals who increased muscle BDNF protein in response to 3-month training (responders) displayed stronger acute exercise-induced increase in serum BDNF than non-responders (p = .006). In addition, muscle BDNF protein content positively correlated with type II-to-type I muscle fiber ratio (R = 0.587, p = .008) and with the rate of post-exercise muscle ATP re-synthesis (R = 0.703, p = .005). Contrary to serum, acute aerobic exercise resulted in a decline of plasma BDNF 1 h post-exercise in both elderly-trained (-34%, p = .002) and young-trained individuals (-48%, p = .034). Acute circulating BDNF regulation by exercise was dependent on the level of physical fitness and correlated with training-induced improvements in metabolic and cognitive functions. Our observations provide an indirect evidence that distinct exercise-induced changes in serum and plasma BDNF as well as training-related increase in muscle BDNF protein, paralleled by improvements in muscle and whole-body clinical phenotypes, are involved in the coordinated adaptive response to exercise in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denisa Máderová
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Patrik Krumpolec
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lucia Slobodová
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia; Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martin Schön
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia; Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Veronika Tirpáková
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Kovaničová
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia; Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Radka Klepochová
- High Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Imaged-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Clinical Molecular Imaging, MOLIMA, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matej Vajda
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Stanislav Šutovský
- 1st Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University & University Hospital Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ján Cvečka
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ladislav Valkovič
- High Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Imaged-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (OCMR), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Turčáni
- 1st Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University & University Hospital Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martin Krššák
- High Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Imaged-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Clinical Molecular Imaging, MOLIMA, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Milan Sedliak
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Chia-Liang Tsai
- Institute of Physical Education, Health and Leisure Studies, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Barbara Ukropcová
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia; Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia; Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Jozef Ukropec
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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28
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Effects of Resistance Exercise on Cerebral Redox Regulation and Cognition: An Interplay Between Muscle and Brain. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8110529. [PMID: 31698763 PMCID: PMC6912783 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8110529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This review highlighted resistance training as an important training type for the brain. Most studies that use physical exercise for the prevention or treatment of neurodegenerative diseases have focused on aerobic physical exercise, revealing different behavioral, biochemical, and molecular effects. However, recent studies have shown that resistance training can also significantly contribute to the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases as well as to the maintenance, development, and recovery of brain activities through specific neurochemical adaptations induced by the training. In this scenario we observed the results of several studies published in different journals in the last 20 years, focusing on the effects of resistance training on three main neurological aspects: Neuroprotective mechanisms, oxidative stress, and cognition. Systematic database searches of PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Medline were performed to identify peer-reviewed studies from the 2000s. Combinations of keywords related to brain disease, aerobic/resistance, or strength physical exercise were used. Other variables were not addressed in this review but should be considered for a complete understanding of the effects of training in the brain.
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29
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Cao Dinh H, Bautmans I, Beyer I, Onyema OO, Liberman K, De Dobbeleer L, Renmans W, Vander Meeren S, Jochmans K, Delaere A, Knoop V, Njemini R. Six weeks of strength endurance training decreases circulating senescence-prone T-lymphocytes in cytomegalovirus seropositive but not seronegative older women. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2019; 16:17. [PMID: 31367217 PMCID: PMC6657061 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-019-0157-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background Ageing is associated with a decline in immune function termed immunosenescence. This process is characterized amongst others by less naive T-cells and more senescent phenotypes, which have been implicated in the pathogenesis of many age-related diseases. Thus far, reports regarding the long-term adaptation effects of exercise on T-cell phenotypes are scant and largely equivocal. These inconsistencies may be due to potential contributors to immunosenescence, particularly cytomegalovirus infection, which is considered a hallmark of T-cell senescence. Therefore, we sought to investigate the impact of cytomegalovirus serostatus on the distribution of peripheral T-cell subsets following long-term exercise in older women. Methods One hundred women (aged 65 years and above) were randomized to 3 times/weekly training at either intensive strength training (3 × 10 repetitions at 80% of one-repetition maximum, n = 31), strength endurance training (2 × 30 repetitions at 40% of one-repetition maximum, n = 33), or control (passive stretching exercise, n = 36) for 6 weeks. All training sessions were supervised by trained instructors to minimize the risk of injury and to ensure that the participants adhered to the training protocol throughout the entire range of motion. The T-cell percentages and absolute blood counts were determined before and after 6 weeks (24 h–48 h after the last training session) using flow cytometry and a haematology analyser. Cytomegalovirus antibodies were measured in serum using Architect iSystem and cytomegalovirus serostatus was balanced in the three intervention groups. C-reactive protein was measured using immunonephelometry. Results We report for the first time that 6 weeks of strength endurance training significantly decreased senescence-prone T-cells along with a small increase in the number of CD8– naive T-cells in blood. The absolute counts of senescent-like T-cells decreased by 44% (from 26.03 ± 35.27 to 14.66 ± 21.36 cells/μL, p < 0.01) and by 51% (from 6.55 ± 12.37 to 3.18 ± 6.83 cells/μL, p < 0.05) for the CD8+ and CD8– T-cell pools, respectively. Intriguingly, these changes were observed in cytomegalovirus seropositive, but not cytomegalovirus seronegative individuals. Conclusions In conclusion, the present study shows that strength endurance training leads to a reduction in circulating senescence-prone T-cells in cytomegalovirus seropositive older women. It remains to be established if monitoring of peripheral senescence-prone T-cells may have utility as cellular biomarkers of immunosenescence. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12979-019-0157-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung Cao Dinh
- 1Frailty in Ageing Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium.,2Gerontology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium.,5Department of Internal Medicine, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Ivan Bautmans
- 1Frailty in Ageing Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium.,2Gerontology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium.,3Department of Geriatric Medicine, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ingo Beyer
- 1Frailty in Ageing Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium.,2Gerontology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium.,3Department of Geriatric Medicine, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Oscar Okwudiri Onyema
- 1Frailty in Ageing Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium.,2Gerontology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Keliane Liberman
- 1Frailty in Ageing Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium.,2Gerontology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Liza De Dobbeleer
- 1Frailty in Ageing Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium.,2Gerontology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Wim Renmans
- 4Laboratory of Hematology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sam Vander Meeren
- 4Laboratory of Hematology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kristin Jochmans
- 4Laboratory of Hematology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Andreas Delaere
- 1Frailty in Ageing Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium.,2Gerontology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Veerle Knoop
- 1Frailty in Ageing Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium.,2Gerontology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rose Njemini
- 1Frailty in Ageing Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium.,2Gerontology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium
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Cabral DF, Rice J, Morris TP, Rundek T, Pascual-Leone A, Gomes-Osman J. Exercise for Brain Health: An Investigation into the Underlying Mechanisms Guided by Dose. Neurotherapeutics 2019; 16:580-599. [PMID: 31197642 PMCID: PMC6694330 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-019-00749-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a strong link between the practice of regular physical exercise and maintenance of cognitive brain health. Animal and human studies have shown that exercise exerts positive effects on cognition through a variety of mechanisms, such as changes in brain volume and connectivity, cerebral perfusion, synaptic plasticity, neurogenesis, and regulation of trophic factors. However, much of this data has been conducted in young humans and animals, raising questions regarding the generalizability of these findings to aging adults. Furthermore, it is not clear at which doses these effects might take place, and if effects would differ with varying exercise modes (such as aerobic, resistance training, combinations, or other). The purpose of this review is to summarize the evidence on the effects of exercise interventions on various mechanisms believed to support cognitive improvements: cerebral perfusion, synaptic neuroplasticity, brain volume and connectivity, neurogenesis, and regulation of trophic factors. We synthesized the findings according to exposure to exercise (short- [1 day-16 weeks], medium- [24-40 weeks], and long-term exercise [52 weeks and beyond]) and have limited our discussion of dose effects to studies in aging adults and aged animals (when human data was not available).
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Affiliation(s)
- Danylo F Cabral
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 5915 Ponce de Leon Boulevard, 5th Floor, Coral Gables, Florida, 33146, USA
- Evelyn McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1150 Northwest 14th Street, Suite 309, Miami, Florida, 33136, USA
| | - Jordyn Rice
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 5915 Ponce de Leon Boulevard, 5th Floor, Coral Gables, Florida, 33146, USA
- Evelyn McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1150 Northwest 14th Street, Suite 309, Miami, Florida, 33136, USA
| | - Timothy P Morris
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation and Division of Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts, 02215, USA
| | - Tatjana Rundek
- Evelyn McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1150 Northwest 14th Street, Suite 309, Miami, Florida, 33136, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1150 Northwest 14th Street, Suite 309, Miami, Florida, 33136, USA
| | - Alvaro Pascual-Leone
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation and Division of Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts, 02215, USA
| | - Joyce Gomes-Osman
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 5915 Ponce de Leon Boulevard, 5th Floor, Coral Gables, Florida, 33146, USA.
- Evelyn McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1150 Northwest 14th Street, Suite 309, Miami, Florida, 33136, USA.
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation and Division of Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts, 02215, USA.
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1150 Northwest 14th Street, Suite 309, Miami, Florida, 33136, USA.
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Arazi H, Aliakbari H, Asadi A, Suzuki K. Acute Effects of Mental Activity on Response of Serum BDNF and IGF-1 Levels in Elite and Novice Chess Players. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 55:medicina55050189. [PMID: 31121929 PMCID: PMC6572672 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55050189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Although the effects of physical exercise on brain functions are well studied, the influence of mental activity is unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of a session of mental activity on brain neurobiological factors in chess players. Materials and Methods: Ten elite and novice chess players were recruited to participate in this study as volunteers. The subjects performed a session of standard chess matches as a mental activity. Before and after each chess match, blood samples were drawn to analyze changes in serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). Results: After each chess match, both the elite and novice groups showed significant increases in serum BDNF and IGF-1 concentrations. The elite group also showed significantly greater changes in BDNF and IGF-1 levels (p ≤ 0.05) than the novice group. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that a session of standard chess matches as a mental activity is effective for elevating BDNF and IGF-1 levels, and that their elevation in elite players seems to be more pronounced than those in novice players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Arazi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht 1438, Iran.
| | - Hanieh Aliakbari
- Bandar-e-Anzali Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bandar-e-Anzali 43111, Iran.
| | - Abbas Asadi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Payame Noor University, Tehran 19395-3697, Iran.
| | - Katsuhiko Suzuki
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa 359-1192, Japan.
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Salivary BDNF and Cortisol Responses During High-Intensity Exercise and Official Basketball Matches in Sedentary Individuals and Elite Players. J Hum Kinet 2019; 65:139-149. [PMID: 30687426 PMCID: PMC6341963 DOI: 10.2478/hukin-2018-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Salivary cortisol increases in response to stressors, including physical exertion and psychological stress associated with sports competition. In addition, stress may induce change in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). However, there are still no data available to compare the salivary BDNF level in sedentary male individuals and elite team-sport male athletes, regularly involved in activities that require elevated attention and concentration. This information could contribute to the advance of understanding of the effect of regular exercise on the salivary level of BDNF, the pre-to-post change in salivary BDNF during exercise, and the association between salivary cortisol and salivary BDNF responses to physical exercise. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the concentration of salivary cortisol and BDNF, before and after exercise, in sedentary individuals and elite male basketball players. The sedentary group (23.0 ± 4.2 yrs) performed a high-intensity exercise protocol and the basketball players (18.6 ± 0.5 yrs) participated in three official basketball matches. Saliva samples were tested for cortisol and BDNF using ELISA. A significant increase in salivary cortisol from pre- to post-match was observed only for the basketball players (p < 0.05). Basketball players also presented a higher salivary BDNF concentration for both resting (pre) and post-physical exercise (p < 0.05); however, no change in pre- to post-exercise salivary BDNF was observed for either group (p > 0.05). Elevated BDNF in athletes may be associated to their repeated exposure to stressful competition situations. The current findings also suggest that different mechanisms might be involved in salivary cortisol and BDNF responses during physical exercise.
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Abstract
The prevalence of obesity in combination with sarcopenia (the age-related loss of muscle mass and strength or physical function) is increasing in adults aged 65 years and older. A major subset of adults over the age of 65 is now classified as having sarcopenic obesity, a high-risk geriatric syndrome predominantly observed in an ageing population that is at risk of synergistic complications from both sarcopenia and obesity. This Review discusses pathways and mechanisms leading to muscle impairment in older adults with obesity. We explore sex-specific hormonal changes, inflammatory pathways and myocellular mechanisms leading to the development of sarcopenic obesity. We discuss the evolution, controversies and challenges in defining sarcopenic obesity and present current body composition modalities used to assess this condition. Epidemiological surveys form the basis of defining its prevalence and consequences beyond comorbidity and mortality. Current treatment strategies, and the evidence supporting them, are outlined, with a focus on calorie restriction, protein supplementation and aerobic and resistance exercises. We also describe weight loss-induced complications in patients with sarcopenic obesity that are relevant to clinical management. Finally, we review novel and potential future therapies including testosterone, selective androgen receptor modulators, myostatin inhibitors, ghrelin analogues, vitamin K and mesenchymal stem cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Batsis
- Sections of General Internal Medicine and Weight and Wellness, and the Dartmouth Centers for Health and Aging, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA.
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, The Health Promotion Research Center and the Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA.
| | - Dennis T Villareal
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases, Michael E DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Ng KST, Sia A, Ng MKW, Tan CTY, Chan HY, Tan CH, Rawtaer I, Feng L, Mahendran R, Larbi A, Kua EH, Ho RCM. Effects of Horticultural Therapy on Asian Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15081705. [PMID: 30096932 PMCID: PMC6121514 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15081705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The effect of horticultural therapy (HT) on immune and endocrine biomarkers remains largely unknown. We designed a waitlist-control randomized controlled trial to investigate the effectiveness of HT in improving mental well-being and modulating biomarker levels. A total of 59 older adults was recruited, with 29 randomly assigned to the HT intervention and 30 to the waitlist control group. The participants attended weekly intervention sessions for the first 3 months and monthly sessions for the subsequent 3 months. Biological and psychosocial data were collected. Biomarkers included IL-1β, IL-6, sgp-130, CXCL12/SDF-1α, CCL-5/RANTES, BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor), hs-CRP, cortisol and DHEA (dehydroepiandrosterone). Psychosocial measures examined cognitive functions, depression, anxiety, psychological well-being, social connectedness and satisfaction with life. A significant reduction in plasma IL-6 level (p = 0.02) was observed in the HT intervention group. For the waitlist control group, significant reductions in plasma CXCL12 (SDF-1α) (p = 0.003), CXCL5 (RANTES) (p = 0.05) and BDNF (p = 0.003) were observed. A significant improvement in social connectedness was also observed in the HT group (p = 0.01). Conclusion: HT, in reducing plasma IL-6, may prevent inflammatory disorders and through maintaining plasma CXCL12 (SDF-1α), may maintain hematopoietic support to the brain. HT may be applied in communal gardening to enhance the well-being of older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kheng Siang Ted Ng
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore.
| | - Angelia Sia
- Centre for Urban Greenery and Ecology Research, National Parks Board, Singapore 259569, Singapore.
| | - Maxel K W Ng
- Horticulture and Community Gardening Division, National Parks Board, Singapore 259569, Singapore.
| | - Crystal T Y Tan
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138648, Singapore.
| | - Hui Yu Chan
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore.
| | - Chay Hoon Tan
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore.
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore.
- Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore 119074, Singapore.
| | - Iris Rawtaer
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore.
- Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore 119074, Singapore.
| | - Lei Feng
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore.
| | - Rathi Mahendran
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore.
- Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore 119074, Singapore.
| | - Anis Larbi
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138648, Singapore.
| | - Ee Heok Kua
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore.
- Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore 119074, Singapore.
| | - Roger C M Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore.
- Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore 119074, Singapore.
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Van Driessche S, Delecluse C, Bautmans I, Vanwanseele B, Van Roie E. Age-related differences in rate of power development exceed differences in peak power. Exp Gerontol 2017; 101:95-100. [PMID: 29155242 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stijn Van Driessche
- KU Leuven, Department of Movement Sciences, Physical Activity, Sports and Health Research Group, Belgium.
| | - Christophe Delecluse
- KU Leuven, Department of Movement Sciences, Physical Activity, Sports and Health Research Group, Belgium
| | - Ivan Bautmans
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Gerontology Department, Frailty in Aging Research Group, Belgium
| | - Benedicte Vanwanseele
- KU Leuven, Department of Movement Sciences, Human Movement Biomechanics Research Group, Belgium
| | - Evelien Van Roie
- KU Leuven, Department of Movement Sciences, Physical Activity, Sports and Health Research Group, Belgium
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Haider S, Grabovac I, Winzer E, Kapan A, Schindler KE, Lackinger C, Titze S, Dorner TE. Change in inflammatory parameters in prefrail and frail persons obtaining physical training and nutritional support provided by lay volunteers: A randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185879. [PMID: 29023536 PMCID: PMC5638289 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to compare the effects of home visits with physical training and nutritional support on inflammatory parameters to home visits with social support alone within a randomized controlled trial. Prefrail and frail persons received home visits from lay volunteers twice a week for 12 weeks. Participants in the physical training and nutritional intervention group (PTN, n = 35) conducted two sets of six strength exercises and received nutritional support. The social support group (SoSu, n = 23) received visits only. TNF-α, IL-6, CRP, and total leukocyte count were assessed at baseline and after 12 weeks. Changes over time within groups were analyzed with paired t-tests; differences between groups were analyzed with ANCOVA for repeated measurements. In the PTN group, IL-6 and CRP remained stable, whereas in the SoSu group, IL-6 increased significantly from a median value of 2.6 pg/l (min-max = 2.0-10.2) to 3.0 pg/l (min-max = 2.0-20.8), and CRP rose from 0.2 mg/dl (min-max = 0.1-0.9) to 0.3 mg/dl (min-max = 0.1-3.0) after 12 weeks. In CRP, a significant difference between groups was found. TNF-α and total leukocyte count did not change in either the PTN group or the SoSu group. Persons showing an increase in physical performance (OR 4.54; 95% CI = 1.33-15.45) were more likely to have constant or decreased IL-6 values than persons who showed no improvement. In conclusion, in non-robust older adults, a physical training and nutritional support program provided by lay volunteers can delay a further increase in some inflammatory parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Haider
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Centre for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna; Austria
| | - Igor Grabovac
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Centre for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna; Austria
- * E-mail:
| | - Eva Winzer
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Centre for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna; Austria
| | - Ali Kapan
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Centre for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna; Austria
| | - Karin Emmi Schindler
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Vienna; Austria
| | | | - Sylvia Titze
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Graz; Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Ernst Dorner
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Centre for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna; Austria
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Hvid LG, Nielsen MKF, Simonsen C, Andersen M, Caserotti P. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) serum basal levels is not affected by power training in mobility-limited older adults - A randomized controlled trial. Exp Gerontol 2017; 93:29-35. [PMID: 28392271 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a potential important factor involved in neuroplasticity, and may be a mediator for eliciting adaptations in neuromuscular function and physical function in older individuals following physical training. As power training taxes the neural system to a very high extent, it may be particularly effective in terms of eliciting increases in systemic BDNF levels. We examined the effects of 12weeks of power training on mature BDNF (mBDNF) and total BDNF (tBDNF) in mobility-limited older adults from the Healthy Ageing Network of Competence (HANC) study. We included 47 older men and women: n=22 in the training group (TG: progressive high intensity power training, 2 sessions per week; age 82.7±5.4years, 55% women) and n=25 in the control group (CG: no interventions; age 82.2±4.5years, 76% women). Following overnight fasting, basal serum levels of mBDNF and tBDNF were assessed (human ELISA kits) at baseline and post-intervention. At baseline, mBDNF and tBDNF levels were comparable in the two groups, TG and CG. Post-intervention, no significant within-group or between-group changes were observed in mBDNF or tBDNF. Moreover, when divided into responder tertiles based upon changes in mBDNF and tBDNF (i.e. decliners, maintainers, improvers), respectively, comparable findings were observed for TG and CG. Altogether, basal systemic levels of serum mBDNF and tBDNF are not affected in mobility-limited older adults following 12-weeks of power training, and do not appear to be a major mechanistic factor mediating neuroplasticity in mobility-limited older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- L G Hvid
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark (SDU), Odense, Denmark.
| | - M K F Nielsen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark (SDU), Odense, Denmark
| | - C Simonsen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark (SDU), Odense, Denmark
| | - M Andersen
- Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - P Caserotti
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark (SDU), Odense, Denmark; National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Aging, Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences (LPES), Bethesda, MD, United States
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Forti LN, Van Roie E, Njemini R, Coudyzer W, Beyer I, Delecluse C, Bautmans I. Effects of resistance training at different loads on inflammatory markers in young adults. Eur J Appl Physiol 2017; 117:511-519. [PMID: 28168555 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-017-3548-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Suppressing inflammaging at an early stage in life via exercise might prevent chronic diseases later in life. The aim was to investigate the influence of resistance training at different external loads on inflammatory markers in healthy young adults. METHODS Serum was collected for basal levels of cytokines (IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, sTNFR1, IL-1RA, IL-10 and GM-CSF) before and after 9 weeks exercise from 36 young (22 ± 2 years) healthy subjects who were randomized to three times weekly supervised resistance training at either HImax (n = 12, 1 × 10-12 repetitions at 80% 1RM), LO (n = 12, 1 × 10-12 repetitions at 40% 1RM), or LOmax (n = 12, 1 × 10-12 repetitions at 40% 1RM preceded by 60 repetitions at 20-25% 1RM) respectively. RESULTS Overall, IL-8 increased (p < 0.001) and IL-6 decreased (p = 0.001) after training, but no significant time*group interaction was found (respectively, p = 0.283 and p = 0.058 for IL-8 and IL-6). When analyzed separately, IL-8 increased significantly in HImax (p = 0.022) and LOmax (p = 0.024); and IL-6 decreased significantly in LOmax (p = 0.009) and LO (p = 0.013). No significant overall time effect was observed for sTNFR1 and IL-1RA; however, in HImax sTNFR1 (p = 0.031) and IL-1RA (p = 0.014) increased significantly, but remained unchanged in LOmax and LO. IL-1beta, IL-10 and GM-CSF levels remained undetectable in most participants. CONCLUSIONS Nine weeks of resistance training-irrespective of the external load-have beneficial effects on circulating IL-8 and IL-6. In addition, training at high external load increases the anti-inflammatory cytokines sTNFR1 and IL-1RA. The results of this study show that resistance training has anti-inflammatory effects in healthy young persons and that the response of the different inflammatory mediators depends on the magnitude of the external load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Nuvagah Forti
- Gerontology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium.,Frailty in Ageing Research (FRIA) Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Evelien Van Roie
- Physical Activity, Sports and Health Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Tervuursevest 101, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rose Njemini
- Gerontology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium.,Frailty in Ageing Research (FRIA) Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Walter Coudyzer
- Radiology Section, Department of Morphology and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ingo Beyer
- Gerontology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium.,Frailty in Ageing Research (FRIA) Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Geriatrics, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christophe Delecluse
- Physical Activity, Sports and Health Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Tervuursevest 101, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ivan Bautmans
- Gerontology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium. .,Frailty in Ageing Research (FRIA) Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium. .,Department of Geriatrics, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium.
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Boussetta N, Abedelmalek S, Aloui K, Souissi N, Souissi N. The effect of strength training by electrostimulation at a specific time of day on immune response and anaerobic performances during short-term maximal exercise. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2016.1245379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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The Effect of Exercise Training on Resting Concentrations of Peripheral Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF): A Meta-Analysis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163037. [PMID: 27658238 PMCID: PMC5033477 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The mechanisms through which physical activity supports healthy brain function remain to be elucidated. One hypothesis suggests that increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mediates some cognitive and mood benefits. This meta-analysis sought to determine the effect of exercise training on resting concentrations of BDNF in peripheral blood. Methods MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, Rehabilitation & Sports Medicine Source, and CINAHL databases were searched for original, peer-reviewed reports of peripheral blood BDNF concentrations before and after exercise interventions ≥ 2 weeks. Risk of bias was assessed using standardized criteria. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) were generated from random effects models. Risk of publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and Egger’s test. Potential sources of heterogeneity were explored in subgroup analyses. Results In 29 studies that met inclusion criteria, resting concentrations of peripheral blood BDNF were higher after intervention (SMD = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.17–0.60, p < 0.001). Subgroup analyses suggested a significant effect in aerobic (SMD = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.33–0.99, p < 0.001) but not resistance training (SMD = 0.07, 95% CI: -0.15–0.30, p = 0.52) interventions. No significant difference in effect was observed between males and females, nor in serum vs plasma. Conclusion Aerobic but not resistance training interventions increased resting BDNF concentrations in peripheral blood.
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Prehabilitation in our most frail surgical patients: are wearable fitness devices the next frontier? Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2016; 21:188-93. [PMID: 26859220 DOI: 10.1097/mot.0000000000000295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Frailty is the concept of accumulating physiologic declines that make people less able to deal with stressors, including surgery. Prehabilitation is intervention to enhance functional capacity before surgery. Frailty and prehabilitation among transplant populations and the role of wearable fitness tracking devices (WFTs) in delivering fitness-based interventions will be discussed. RECENT FINDINGS Frailty is associated with increased complications, longer length of hospital stay and increased mortality after surgery. Frail kidney transplant patients have increased delayed graft function, mortality and early hospital readmission. Frail lung or liver transplant patients are more likely to delist or die on the waitlist. Prehabilitation can mitigate frailty and has resulted in decreased length of hospital stay and fewer postsurgical complications among a variety of surgical populations. Increasingly, WFTs are used to monitor patient activity and improve patient health. Interventions using WFTs have resulted in improved activity, weight loss and blood pressure. SUMMARY Frailty is a measurable parameter that identifies patients at risk for worse health outcomes and can be mitigated through intervention. Prehabilitation to reduce frailty has been shown to improve postsurgical outcomes in a variety of populations. WFTs are being integrated in healthcare delivery for monitoring and changing health behavior with promising results.
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Load-Specific Inflammation Mediating Effects of Resistance Training in Older Persons. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2016; 17:547-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Viña J, Tarazona-Santabalbina FJ, Pérez-Ros P, Martínez-Arnau FM, Borras C, Olaso-Gonzalez G, Salvador-Pascual A, Gomez-Cabrera MC. Biology of frailty: Modulation of ageing genes and its importance to prevent age-associated loss of function. Mol Aspects Med 2016; 50:88-108. [PMID: 27164416 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Frailty is associated with loss of functional reserve as well as with the prediction of adverse events in the old population. The traditional criteria of frailty are based on five physical determinations described in the Cardiovascular Health Study. We propose that biological and genetic markers of frailty should be used to increase the predictive capacity of the established clinical indeces. In recent times, research for biological markers of frailty has gained impetus. Finding a biological markers with diagnostic and prognostic capacity would be a major milestone to identify frailty risk, and also pre-frailty status. In the first section of the manuscript, we review the available biomarkers that help to monitor and prevent the evolution and the efficacy of interventions to delay the onset of frailty and to prevent its progression to incapacity. We also discuss the contribution of genetics to frailty. There are scientific bases that support that genetics influences frailty, although environmental factors probably will have the highest contribution. We review the known SNPs of the genes associated with frailty and classify them, taking into account the pathway in which they are involved. We also highlight the importance of longevity genes and their possible relation with frailty, citing centenarians who reach a very old age as an example of successful ageing. Finally, the reversibility of frailty is discussed. It can potentially be treated with nutritional or pharmacological interventions. However, physical exercise seems to be the most effective strategy to treat and prevent frailty. The last section of the manuscript is devoted to explaining the recommendations on the appropriate design of an exercise protocol to maximize its beneficial effects in a population of frail individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Viña
- Department of Physiology, Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario/INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Pilar Pérez-Ros
- School of Nursing, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Spain
| | | | - Consuelo Borras
- Department of Physiology, Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario/INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Spain
| | - Gloria Olaso-Gonzalez
- Department of Physiology, Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario/INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Spain
| | - Andrea Salvador-Pascual
- Department of Physiology, Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario/INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Spain
| | - Mari Carmen Gomez-Cabrera
- Department of Physiology, Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario/INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Spain.
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Kamiya K, Masuda T, Tanaka S, Hamazaki N, Matsue Y, Mezzani A, Matsuzawa R, Nozaki K, Maekawa E, Noda C, Yamaoka-Tojo M, Arai Y, Matsunaga A, Izumi T, Ako J. Quadriceps Strength as a Predictor of Mortality in Coronary Artery Disease. Am J Med 2015; 128:1212-9. [PMID: 26169888 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2015.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 06/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of quadriceps isometric strength (QIS) in coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS The study population consisted of 1314 patients aged >30 years (64.7 ± 10.6 years, 1051 male) with CAD who were hospitalized for acute coronary syndrome or coronary artery bypass grafting. Maximal QIS was evaluated as a marker of leg strength and expressed relative to body weight (% body weight). The primary and secondary endpoints were all-cause death and cardiovascular (CV) death, respectively. RESULTS During a mean follow-up of 5.0 ± 3.5 years, corresponding to 6537 person-years, there were 118 all-cause deaths and 63 CV deaths. A higher QIS remained associated with decreased all-cause mortality and CV mortality risks (hazard ratio for increasing 10% body weight of QIS 0.77, 95% confidence interval 0.67-0.89, P < .001 for all-cause death; hazard ratio 0.66, 95% confidence interval 0.54-0.82, P < .001 for CV death) after adjustment for other prognostic factors. The inclusion of QIS significantly increased both continuous net reclassification improvement (cNRI) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) for all-cause death (cNRI: 0.25, P = .009; IDI: 0.007, P = .030) and CV death (cNRI: 0.34, P = .008; IDI: 0.013, P = .008). CONCLUSIONS A high level of quadriceps strength was strongly associated with a lower risk of both all-cause and CV mortality in patients with CAD. Evaluation of QIS offered incremental prognostic information beyond pre-existing risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Kamiya
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kitasato University Hospital, Sagamihara, Japan.
| | - Takashi Masuda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Sagamihara, Japan; Department of Rehabilitation, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Shinya Tanaka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Hamazaki
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kitasato University Hospital, Sagamihara, Japan; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Yuya Matsue
- Department of Cardiology, Kameda Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Alessandro Mezzani
- Exercise Pathophysiology Laboratory, Cardiac Rehabilitation Division, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Veruno, Italy
| | - Ryota Matsuzawa
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kitasato University Hospital, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Kohei Nozaki
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kitasato University Hospital, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Emi Maekawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Chiharu Noda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Minako Yamaoka-Tojo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Sagamihara, Japan; Department of Rehabilitation, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Yasuo Arai
- Department of Health Information Management, Kitasato University Hospital, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Matsunaga
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Sagamihara, Japan; Department of Rehabilitation, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Tohru Izumi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Junya Ako
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
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Dose-and gender-specific effects of resistance training on circulating levels of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in community-dwelling older adults. Exp Gerontol 2015; 70:144-9. [PMID: 26297701 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND BDNF is known to induce neuroplasticity and low circulating levels have been related to neuronal loss in older persons. Physical exercise is thought to trigger BDNF-induced neuroplasticity, but conflicting observations have been reported regarding the effects of resistance training on circulating BDNF in the elderly. These conflicting observations might reflect dose-and gender-specific differences. METHOD Fifty-six apparently healthy elderly (68 ± 5 years) participants were randomized to 12 weeks of resistance training (3×/week) at either high-resistance (HIGH, 8 Males, 10 Females, 2 × 10-15 repetitions at 80% 1 RM), low-resistance (LOW, 9 Males, 10 Females, 1 × 80-100 repetitions at 20% 1 RM), or mixed low-resistance (LOW+, 9 Males, 10 Females, 1 × 60 repetitions at 20% 1 RM followed by 1 × 10-20 repetitions at 40% 1 RM). Serum was collected for BDNF assay at baseline and after 12 weeks (24 h-48 h after the last training). RESULTS 12 weeks of LOW+ exercise significantly increased BDNF levels in male (from 34.9 ± 10.7 ng/mL to 42.9 ± 11.9 ng/mL, time × group interaction p=0.013), but not in female participants. No significant change was observed in HIGH or LOW, neither in male nor female subjects. CONCLUSION Our results show that only the mixed-low-resistance training program with a very high number of repetitions at a sufficiently high external resistance was able to increase circulating BDNF in older male participants. Training to volitional fatigue might be necessary to obtain optimal results. Additional studies are needed to unravel the underlying mechanisms, as well as to confirm the observed gender difference.
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Nijs J, Meeus M, Versijpt J, Moens M, Bos I, Knaepen K, Meeusen R. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor as a driving force behind neuroplasticity in neuropathic and central sensitization pain: a new therapeutic target? Expert Opin Ther Targets 2014; 19:565-76. [PMID: 25519921 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2014.994506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Central sensitization is a form of maladaptive neuroplasticity underlying many chronic pain disorders, including neuropathic pain, fibromyalgia, whiplash, headache, chronic pelvic pain syndrome and some forms of osteoarthritis, low back pain, epicondylitis, shoulder pain and cancer pain. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a driving force behind neuroplasticity, and it is therefore crucial for neural maintenance and repair. However, BDNF also contributes to sensitization of pain pathways, making it an interesting novel therapeutic target. AREAS COVERED An overview of BDNF's sensitizing capacity at every level of the pain pathways is presented, including the peripheral nociceptors, dorsal root ganglia, spinal dorsal horn neurons, and brain descending inhibitory and facilitatory pathways. This is followed by the presentation of several potential therapeutic options, ranging from indirect influencing of BDNF levels (using exercise therapy, anti-inflammatory drugs, melatonin, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation) to more specific targeting of BDNF's receptors and signaling pathways (blocking the proteinase-activated receptors 2-NK-κβ signaling pathway, administration of phencyclidine for antagonizing NMDA receptors, or blockade of the adenosine A2A receptor). EXPERT OPINION This section focuses on combining pharmacotherapy with multimodal rehabilitation for balancing the deleterious and therapeutic effects of BNDF treatment in chronic pain patients, as well as accounting for the complex and biopsychosocial nature of chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo Nijs
- Pain in Motion international research group
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