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Ow N, Zivanovic R, Tee K, Mathias S, Barbic SP. Health through the eyes of youths: a qualitative study. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1271215. [PMID: 38827611 PMCID: PMC11141052 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1271215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Emerging definitions of health have suggested a shift in focus to one's ability to manage their health condition, function, and social determinants of health. The construct of health for youths with mental health and substance use disorders (MHSU) is complex and multi-dimensional with interplay between biological, behavioral, and social conditions. Expanding definitions of health is crucial in the measurement of health and evaluation of integrated youth services (IYS) systems for people with MHSU disorders. Hence, it is critical to understand the construct of health from the perspective of a young person living with a MHSU disorder. Methods This study was conducted using inductive thematic analysis. Three focus groups were conducted from July to August 2017. Results A total of 22 youths (17-24 years) took part in this study. Results showed that health is a multidimensional construct situated in the ecosystem of a person's environment. Health can be understood from two macro themes: Individual health and Determinants of health. It consisted of physical health, mental health, day-to-day functioning, and being in control of your own health condition. Systemic and social factors were factors that influenced the state of health. Conclusion This study contributes to a conceptualization of good health in youth with MHSU disorders. This conceptualization can aid in the development of more accurate measures of health and functioning and the evaluation of mental health services for youth with MHSU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki Ow
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Rebecca Zivanovic
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Steve Mathias
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Foundry, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Skye Pamela Barbic
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Foundry, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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2
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Jackson B, Jackson KT, Booth R. "I Fell through the Cracks": Navigating the Disjointed Transition from Paediatric to Adult Psychiatric Services. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2022; 43:507-515. [PMID: 35025711 DOI: 10.1080/01612840.2021.2009604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The transition from adolescence to adulthood is a tumultuous time riddled with stress, confusion, and uncertainty. An abrupt shift in biobehavioural development between the ages of 16 and 24 corresponds with an increase in mental health challenges; thereby necessitating comprehensive and coordinated psychiatric services that bridge pediatric and adult care realms. Unfortunately, this transition is often unsupportive and disjointed, leaving many transitional-aged youth (TAY) overwhelmed and ill-equipped to cope with the increased demands of adulthood independently. Eight TAY with mental health challenges were invited to participate in a PhotoVoice study that explored the strengths and shortcomings of this transition process, through a combination of photography and photo-elicitation focus group discussions. A descriptive qualitative approach was used to analyze all participant dialogue. Four themes emerged from the data: accessibility, coordination, independence, and support. Participant insights illuminated critical gaps in mental health care delivery, but also revealed novel solutions and opportunities for transformational change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna Jackson
- Yale School of Nursing, Yale University, Orange, Connecticut, USA.,Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kimberley T Jackson
- Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard Booth
- Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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3
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Farrell ML. Transitioning adolescent mental health care services: The steps to care model. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRIC NURSING 2022; 35:301-306. [DOI: 10.1111/jcap.12377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marian L. Farrell
- Department of Nursing University of Scranton Scranton Pennsylvania USA
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4
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Hart LC, Patel-Nguyen SV, Merkley MG, Jonas DE. An Evidence Map for Interventions Addressing Transition from Pediatric to Adult Care: A Systematic Review of Systematic Reviews. J Pediatr Nurs 2019; 48:18-34. [PMID: 31220801 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2019.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PROBLEM Adolescents and young adults with chronic illnesses continue to face barriers as they transition from pediatric to adult care. An evidence map can help to identify gaps in the transition literature to determine targets for future research. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA We searched PubMed, CINAHL, PsycInfo, and Cochrane for systematic reviews published through February 2018. Eligible reviews included at least one comparative study testing a youth-focused intervention for improving transition with at least one quantitative health-related outcome reported. SAMPLE We identified 431 unique reviews in our search, and 37 reviews (containing 71 eligible primary studies) met inclusion criteria. RESULTS Most reviews (20 of 37) summarized some aspect of transition across diagnoses. Type 1 diabetes was the most common diagnosis studied (7 of 37 reviews and 24 of 71 primary studies). Only 14 of 71 primary studies focused on care after transfer to adult care. CONCLUSIONS The literature on interventions to improve transition to adult care has focused on a limited number of diagnoses, most commonly Type 1 diabetes. Common pediatric conditions, such as asthma, have not been studied with regard to transition. Efforts have been mainly targeted on transition preparation, with less focus on transition needs after transfer to adult care. IMPLICATIONS There is a need for transition research focused on common pediatric conditions and transition needs after transfer to adult care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C Hart
- Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States of America; The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, United States of America; The Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States of America.
| | | | | | - Daniel E Jonas
- The Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States of America; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Medicine, United States of America.
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5
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Gmitroski T, Bradley C, Heinemann L, Liu G, Blanchard P, Beck C, Mathias S, Leon A, Barbic SP. Barriers and facilitators to employment for young adults with mental illness: a scoping review. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e024487. [PMID: 30567825 PMCID: PMC6303634 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The issue of gaining employment for those with mental illness is a growing global concern. For many in the young adult population, who are at a transitional age, employment is a central goal. In response, we conducted a scoping review to answer the question, 'What are the barriers and facilitators to employment for young adults with mental illness?' DESIGN We conducted a scoping review in accordance to the Arksey and O'Malley framework. We performed a thorough search of Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, ABI/INFORM, PsycINFO and Cochrane. We included studies that considered young adults aged 15-29 years of age with a mental health diagnosis, who were seeking employment or were included in an employment intervention. RESULTS Our search resulted in 24 research articles that focused on employment for young adults with mental illness. Four main themes were extracted from the literature: (1) integrated health and social services, (2) age-exposure to employment supports, (3) self-awareness and autonomy and (4) sustained support over the career trajectory. CONCLUSIONS Our review suggests that consistent youth-centred employment interventions, in addition to usual mental health treatment, can facilitate young adults with mental illness to achieve their employment goals. Aligning the mental health and employment priorities of young adults may result in improved health and social outcomes for this population while promoting greater engagement of young adults in care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taryn Gmitroski
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, UBC, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Christl Bradley
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, UBC, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lyn Heinemann
- Canadian Mental Health Association, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Grace Liu
- Providence Health, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Foundry, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Paige Blanchard
- Providence Health, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Foundry, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Charlotte Beck
- UBC Library, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Steve Mathias
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Foundry, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- UBC Library, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Adelena Leon
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, UBC, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Skye Pamela Barbic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, UBC, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Foundry, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- UBC Library, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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6
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Enayati H, Karpur A. Impact of Participation in School-to-Work Programs on Postsecondary Outcomes for Youth With Disabilities From Low-Income Families. JOURNAL OF DISABILITY POLICY STUDIES 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1044207318789419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with disabilities who also live in poverty face a double jeopardy. Disability and poverty are each separately associated with poorer education and employment outcomes. One approach to ameliorate these poorer outcomes is to improve the transition from high school to adulthood. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, this article examines the role of school-to-work training programs on adult outcomes for individuals with disabilities who live in welfare receiving households. A linear probability model identifies the differences in outcomes for youth by disability and welfare status. Participation in school-to-work programs for youth with disabilities from welfare receiving homes was found to predict higher rates of employment, lower rates of conviction, and lower wages. Implications of these results and recommendations for future research design are included.
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7
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Tuomainen H, Schulze U, Warwick J, Paul M, Dieleman G, Franić T, Madan J, Maras A, McNicholas F, Purper-Ouakil D, Santosh P, Signorini G, Street C, Tremmery S, Verhulst F, Wolke D, Singh SP. Managing the link and strengthening transition from child to adult mental health Care in Europe (MILESTONE): background, rationale and methodology. BMC Psychiatry 2018; 18:167. [PMID: 29866202 PMCID: PMC5987458 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-018-1758-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transition from distinct Child and Adolescent Mental Health (CAMHS) to Adult Mental Health Services (AMHS) is beset with multitude of problems affecting continuity of care for young people with mental health needs. Transition-related discontinuity of care is a major health, socioeconomic and societal challenge globally. The overall aim of the Managing the Link and Strengthening Transition from Child to Adult Mental Health Care in Europe (MILESTONE) project (2014-19) is to improve transition from CAMHS to AMHS in diverse healthcare settings across Europe. MILESTONE focuses on current service provision in Europe, new transition-related measures, long term outcomes of young people leaving CAMHS, improving transitional care through 'managed transition', ethics of transitioning and the training of health care professionals. METHODS Data will be collected via systematic literature reviews, pan-European surveys, and focus groups with service providers, users and carers, and members of youth advocacy and mental health advocacy groups. A prospective cohort study will be conducted with a nested cluster randomised controlled trial in eight European Union (EU) countries (Belgium, Croatia, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, UK) involving over 1000 CAMHS users, their carers, and clinicians. DISCUSSION Improving transitional care can facilitate not only recovery but also mental health promotion and mental illness prevention for young people. MILESTONE will provide evidence of the organisational structures and processes influencing transition at the service interface across differing healthcare models in Europe and longitudinal outcomes for young people leaving CAMHS, solutions for improving transitional care in a cost-effective manner, training modules for clinicians, and commissioning and policy guidelines for service providers and policy makers. TRIAL REGISTRATION "MILESTONE study" registration: ISRCTN ISRCTN83240263 Registered 23 July 2015; ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03013595 Registered 6 January 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Tuomainen
- Mental Health and Wellbeing, Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - U. Schulze
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - J. Warwick
- Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - M. Paul
- Mental Health and Wellbeing, Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Coventry and Warwickshire Partnership NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
| | - G.C. Dieleman
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - T. Franić
- Department of Psychiatry, Clinical Hospital Center Split, Split, Croatia
| | - J. Madan
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - A. Maras
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Yulius Academy, Yulius Mental Health Organization, Barendrecht, Netherlands
| | - F. McNicholas
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University College Dublin School of Medicine and Medical Science, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
- Geary Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Our Lady’s Hospital for Sick Children, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
- Lucena Clinic SJOG, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - D. Purper-Ouakil
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - P. Santosh
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- HealthTracker Ltd, Gillingham, UK
- Centre for Interventional Paediatric Psychopharmacology and Rare Diseases (CIPPRD), National and Specialist Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, Maudsley Hospital, London, UK
| | - G. Signorini
- Psychiatric Epidemiology and Evaluation Unit, Saint John of God Clinical Research Center, Brescia, Italy
| | - C. Street
- Mental Health and Wellbeing, Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - S. Tremmery
- Department of Neurosciences, Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - F.C. Verhulst
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - D. Wolke
- Mental Health and Wellbeing, Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - S. P. Singh
- Mental Health and Wellbeing, Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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8
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Walker JS, Flower KM. Provider Perspectives on Principle-Adherent Practice in Empirically Supported Interventions for Emerging Adults with Serious Mental Health Conditions. J Behav Health Serv Res 2018; 43:525-541. [PMID: 25934354 DOI: 10.1007/s11414-015-9465-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In recognition of the need to create new treatment approaches that will be appealing to and effective for emerging adults with serious mental health conditions, researchers have begun to create and evaluate programs and interventions that are specifically tailored to reflect the preferences and needs of the population. The literature that describes these new approaches-including both descriptions of interventions and guidelines based on expert consensus-expresses a high degree of agreement regarding practice principles that should guide intervention. However, beyond naming these principles, the literature provides little information about what the principles mean, or how principle-adherent practice can be recognized. This article describes a qualitative investigation of providers' understanding of principle-driven practice in the context of programs and interventions for emerging adults with serious mental health conditions. The goal was to learn about how providers conceptualize the principles that drive their practice, and how they describe principle-adherent practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet S Walker
- Research and Training Center for Pathways to Positive Futures, Regional Research Institute, Portland State University, PO Box 751, Portland, OR, 97207, USA.
| | - Katherin M Flower
- Center for Improvement of Child and Family Services, School of Social Work, Portland State University, Portland, USA
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9
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Crossing the Age Divide: Cross-Age Collaboration Between Programs Serving Transition-Age Youth. J Behav Health Serv Res 2018; 45:356-369. [PMID: 29417359 DOI: 10.1007/s11414-018-9588-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Programs that serve transition-age youth with serious mental health conditions typically reside in either the child or the adult system. Good service provision calls for interactions among these programs. The objective of this research was to discover programmatic characteristics that facilitate or impede collaboration with programs serving dissimilar age groups, among programs that serve transition-age youth. To examine this "cross-age collaboration," this research used social network analysis methods to generate homophily and heterophily scores in three communities that had received federal grants to improve services for this population. Heterophily scores (i.e., a measure of cross-age collaboration) in programs serving only transition-age youth were significantly higher than the heterophily scores of programs that served only adults or only children. Few other program markers or malleable program factors predicted heterophily. Programs that specialize in serving transition-age youth are a good resource for gaining knowledge of how to bridge adult and child programs.
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10
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Dhôte J, Moro MR, Lachal J. [An overview of transition from child to adult psychiatry]. Soins Psychiatr 2017; 38:12-15. [PMID: 28886830 DOI: 10.1016/j.spsy.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The transition from child to adult psychiatry is a fundamental stage in an individual's development and in the care pathway of teenagers with mental health problems. The organisation of adult care is very different from that provided to children. There is often a lack of support provided to patients as they make the transition between these two systems, despite it being essential. Local initiatives must be developed to rethink this particularly vulnerable period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Dhôte
- Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de médecine, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 12, rue de l'École-de-médecine, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Marie Rose Moro
- Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de médecine, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 12, rue de l'École-de-médecine, 75006 Paris, France; Maison de Solenn, hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, 97, boulevard de Port-Royal, 75679 Paris cedex 14, France; CESP, Faculté de médecine, université Paris-Sud, Faculté de médecine, UVSQ, Inserm, université Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Jonathan Lachal
- Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de médecine, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 12, rue de l'École-de-médecine, 75006 Paris, France; Maison de Solenn, hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, 97, boulevard de Port-Royal, 75679 Paris cedex 14, France; CESP, Faculté de médecine, université Paris-Sud, Faculté de médecine, UVSQ, Inserm, université Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France.
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11
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Nguyen T, Embrett MG, Barr NG, Mulvale GM, Vania DK, Randall GE, DiRezze B. Preventing Youth from Falling Through the Cracks Between Child/Adolescent and Adult Mental Health Services: A Systematic Review of Models of Care. Community Ment Health J 2017; 53:375-382. [PMID: 28220340 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-017-0098-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Optimizing the transition between child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS) and adult mental health services (AMHS) is a priority for healthcare systems. The purpose of this systematic review is to: (1) identify and compare models of care that may be used to facilitate the transition from CAMHS to AMHS; and (2) discuss trends and implications to inform future research and practice. Results identified three models of care which move beyond healthcare services and incorporate a broader range of services that better meet the dynamic needs of transition-aged youth. Joint working among providers, coupled with individualized approaches, is essential to facilitating continuity of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tram Nguyen
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, 1400 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 1C7, Canada.
- CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1400 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 1C7, Canada.
- School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 600 Peter Morand Crescent, Ottawa, ON, K1G 5Z3, Canada.
| | - Mark G Embrett
- Health Policy & Management, DeGroote School of Business, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4M4, Canada
- Centre for Health Economics and Policy Analysis, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Neil G Barr
- Health Policy & Management, DeGroote School of Business, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4M4, Canada
- Centre for Health Economics and Policy Analysis, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Gillian M Mulvale
- Health Policy & Management, DeGroote School of Business, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4M4, Canada
- Centre for Health Economics and Policy Analysis, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Diana K Vania
- Health Policy & Management, DeGroote School of Business, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4M4, Canada
| | - Glen E Randall
- Health Policy & Management, DeGroote School of Business, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4M4, Canada
- Centre for Health Economics and Policy Analysis, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Briano DiRezze
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, 1400 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 1C7, Canada
- CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1400 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 1C7, Canada
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12
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Aligning Mental Health Treatments with the Developmental Stage and Needs of Late Adolescents and Young Adults. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 2017; 26:177-190. [PMID: 28314449 DOI: 10.1016/j.chc.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Transitional age youth (TAY) are in a discrete developmental stage, different from both adolescents and mature adults. Serious mental illness can result in their delayed psychosocial development and morbidity. Systemic, provider, and individual barriers result in poor access to care for these youth, potentially impeding their transition to mature adulthood. Current strategies for TAY treatment include patient centered care, vocational and educational support, and shared decision making. There is a paucity of evidence-based practices to effectively treat this population or provide practice guidelines. The research required to do so should be a priority.
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13
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Hassmiller Lich K, Urban JB, Frerichs L, Dave G. Extending systems thinking in planning and evaluation using group concept mapping and system dynamics to tackle complex problems. EVALUATION AND PROGRAM PLANNING 2017; 60:254-264. [PMID: 27825622 DOI: 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Group concept mapping (GCM) has been successfully employed in program planning and evaluation for over 25 years. The broader set of systems thinking methodologies (of which GCM is one), have only recently found their way into the field. We present an overview of systems thinking emerging from a system dynamics (SD) perspective, and illustrate the potential synergy between GCM and SD. As with GCM, participatory processes are frequently employed when building SD models; however, it can be challenging to engage a large and diverse group of stakeholders in the iterative cycles of divergent thinking and consensus building required, while maintaining a broad perspective on the issue being studied. GCM provides a compelling resource for overcoming this challenge, by richly engaging a diverse set of stakeholders in broad exploration, structuring, and prioritization. SD provides an opportunity to extend GCM findings by embedding constructs in a testable hypothesis (SD model) describing how system structure and changes in constructs affect outcomes over time. SD can be used to simulate the hypothesized dynamics inherent in GCM concept maps. We illustrate the potential of the marriage of these methodologies in a case study of BECOMING, a federally-funded program aimed at strengthening the cross-sector system of care for youth with severe emotional disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer Brown Urban
- Montclair State University, Department of Family and Child Studies, 1 Normal Ave., UNIV 4144, Montclair, NJ 07043, United States.
| | - Leah Frerichs
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Gaurav Dave
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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14
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Walker JS. A theory of change for positive developmental approaches to improving outcomes among emerging adults with serious mental health conditions. J Behav Health Serv Res 2016; 42:131-49. [PMID: 25694066 DOI: 10.1007/s11414-015-9455-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence attests to the shortcomings of typical services for improving outcomes among emerging adults with serious mental health conditions (SMHCs). Researchers and providers have responded by developing new programs and interventions for meeting the unique needs of these young people. A significant number of these programs and interventions can be described as taking a positive developmental approach, which is informed by a combination of theoretical sources, including theories of positive development, self-determination, ecological systems, and social capital. To date, however, there has been no comprehensive theoretical statement describing how or why positive change should occur as a result of using a positive developmental approach when intervening with this population. The goal of this article is to propose a general model that "backfills" a theory behind what appears to be an effective and increasingly popular approach to improving outcomes among emerging adults with SMHCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet S Walker
- Research and Training Center for Pathways to Positive Futures, Regional Research Institute, Portland State University, PO Box 751, Portland, OR, 97207, USA,
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Munson MR, Cole A, Stanhope V, Marcus SC, McKay M, Jaccard J, Ben-David S. Cornerstone program for transition-age youth with serious mental illness: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2016; 17:537. [PMID: 27825381 PMCID: PMC5101671 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-016-1654-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Transition-age youth have elevated rates of mental disorders, and they often do not receive services. This is a serious public health concern, as mental health conditions persist into adulthood. Continuing to engage this population has been a pervasive challenge for the mental health care system worldwide. Few mental health interventions have been developed for transition-age youth, and even fewer have been found to be effective over the transition to adulthood. Cornerstone, a theoretically guided intervention has shown promise for addressing the mental health and psychosocial needs of this population as they emerge into adulthood. Cornerstone provides case management, trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy, mentoring/peer support, community-based in vivo practice, and groups to address stigma, mistrust, and practical skill development to improve the transition to independence among transition-age youth with serious mental health conditions. Methods/design This study utilizes a hybrid research design and focuses on examining feasibility, acceptability and preliminary impact, along with factors that influence implementation, to maximize new knowledge. The study combines qualitative methods and a randomized controlled trial, using data to inform and refine protocols and manuals, while testing the preliminary impact of the intervention, compared to best available services (treatment as usual, TAU) at a partnering outpatient mental health clinic (n = 60). Contributors to the intervention development research (n = 20) are national experts on mental health services, clinic administrators and staff and young adults with direct experience. The intervention involves intensive staff training and 18 months of ongoing service provision, monitoring and supervision. Quantitative survey data will be collected at baseline, 3 months, 6 months, and 9 months measuring mental health and practical life outcomes via self-report measures. Medical records will be used to triangulate self-report data (i.e., primary diagnosis, treatment planning and attendance). Qualitative data focuses on the intervention development process and implementation research and will use constant comparison coding techniques. In this intention-to-treat analysis, we will conduct basic omnibus analyses to examine whether Cornerstone leads to improved outcomes relative to TAU utilizing t tests across treatment conditions for each outcome measure specified. We will likewise examine whether changes in the proposed mediating variables differ across groups. Discussion The aim of this study is to refine Cornerstone through an intensive preliminary trial, learning through collaboration with clinic staff, project team members, and leaders in New York State and nationwide on how to best serve transition-age youth with serious mental health conditions. Cornerstone has the potential to fill a large gap in the service system for transition-age youth with serious mental health conditions, and may enhance the menu of care options for those who have been recently diagnosed with a serious mental health condition, and yet, have a long life to live. The program is recovery-oriented, builds on the best evidence to date, and is in line with both local and national health care reform efforts. Trial registration This trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT02696109) on 22 April 16 as Protocol Record R34-MH102525-01A1MRM, as New York University, Cornerstone program for transition-age youth with serious mental illness: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle R Munson
- New York University Silver School of Social Work, 1 Washington Square North, New York, NY, 10003, USA.
| | - Andrea Cole
- New York University Silver School of Social Work, 1 Washington Square North, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Victoria Stanhope
- New York University Silver School of Social Work, 1 Washington Square North, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Steven C Marcus
- Univerisity of Pennsylvania, School of Social Policy and Practice, 3701 Locust Walk, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Mary McKay
- New York University Silver School of Social Work, 1 Washington Square North, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - James Jaccard
- New York University Silver School of Social Work, 1 Washington Square North, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Shelly Ben-David
- New York University Silver School of Social Work, 1 Washington Square North, New York, NY, 10003, USA
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16
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The Promise and Peril of Emerging Adulthood: Introduction to the Special Issue. COGNITIVE AND BEHAVIORAL PRACTICE 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpra.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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17
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Mistler LA, Sheidow AJ, Davis M. Transdiagnostic Motivational Enhancement Therapy to Reduce Treatment Attrition: Use in Emerging Adults. COGNITIVE AND BEHAVIORAL PRACTICE 2016; 23:368-384. [PMID: 28979088 PMCID: PMC5624213 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpra.2015.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Improving outcomes of youth with mental health (MH) needs as they transition into adulthood is of critical public health significance. Effective psychotherapy MH treatment is available, but can be effective only if the emerging adult (EA) attends long enough to benefit. Unfortunately, completion of psychotherapy among EAs is lower than for more mature adults (Edlund et al., 2002; Olfson, Marcus, Druss, & Pincus, 2002). To target the high attrition of EAs in MH treatment, investigators adapted a developmentally appropriate brief intervention aimed at reducing treatment attrition (TA) in psychotherapy and conducted a feasibility study of implementation. The intervention employs motivational interviewing strategies aimed at engaging and retaining EAs in outpatient MH treatment. Motivational enhancement therapy for treatment attrition, or MET-TA, takes only a few sessions at the outset of treatment as an adjunct to usual treatment. Importantly, it can be used for TA with psychotherapy for any MH condition; in other words, it is transdiagnostic. This article presents the first description of MET-TA, along with a case example that demonstrates important characteristics of the approach, and then briefly describes implementation feasibility based on a small pilot randomized controlled trial.
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Di Rezze B, Nguyen T, Mulvale G, Barr NG, Longo CJ, Randall GE. A scoping review of evaluated interventions addressing developmental transitions for youth with mental health disorders. Child Care Health Dev 2016; 42:176-87. [PMID: 26638809 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Youth with mental health disorders often experience challenges when transitioning into adult roles (e.g. independent living, work and community engagement). Health interventions that address the needs of youth with mental health disorders during these challenges in their development (i.e. developmental transitions) have not been reviewed in the literature. This scoping review examines the peer-reviewed research that describes evaluated interventions addressing developmental transitions for youth with mental health disorders. METHODS A search of four prominent health literature databases (CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE and PsycINFO) was conducted to identify evaluated developmental transition interventions for adolescents and youth (12-25 years) with mental health disorders. Study selection and analysis were guided by a methodological framework for conducting scoping reviews. Selected studies were described, assessed for quality and collated based on ten dimensions from two notable conceptual frameworks in developmental transitions and disability. RESULTS Nine studies met the inclusion criteria. The interventions within these studies demonstrated five specialized and four multi-faceted programmes (i.e. multiple domains). All domains from the two conceptual frameworks were represented differently across studies. The sub-domains from these studies were most frequently related to vocational-focused interventions, least frequently related to social activities and living situation and did not explicitly map onto the sexuality sub-domain. Three multi-faceted interventions incorporated all domains and utilized each intervention approach. Study quality was rated for seven of the nine studies. Quantitative methodology for five of the seven studies was rated as higher quality. CONCLUSIONS Evaluated interventions described in the transitions literature for youth with mental health disorders predominantly focus on vocational needs. The least studied areas were the personal and interpersonal domains. These domains were only incorporated within interventions addressing multiple domains of developmental transitions. These insights can be helpful in guiding evidence-based practice and policy development, as well as informing gaps for future research programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Di Rezze
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - T Nguyen
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - G Mulvale
- Health Policy and Management, DeGroote School of Business, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Centre for Health Economics and Policy Analysis, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - N G Barr
- Health Policy and Management, DeGroote School of Business, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - C J Longo
- Health Policy and Management, DeGroote School of Business, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Centre for Health Economics and Policy Analysis, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - G E Randall
- Health Policy and Management, DeGroote School of Business, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Centre for Health Economics and Policy Analysis, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Zajac K, Sheidow AJ, Davis M. Juvenile Justice, Mental Health, and the Transition to Adulthood: A Review of Service System Involvement and Unmet Needs in the U.S. CHILDREN AND YOUTH SERVICES REVIEW 2015; 56:139-148. [PMID: 26273119 PMCID: PMC4530519 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2015.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Although adolescents are the primary focus of juvenile justice, a significant number of young people involved with this system are considered transition age youth (i.e., 16-25 years of age). The aim of this review is to summarize the specific needs of transition age youth with mental health conditions involved with the juvenile justice system, identify the multiple service systems relevant to this group, and offer recommendations for policies and practice. A comprehensive search strategy was used to identify and synthesize the literature. Findings highlight the paucity of research specific to transition age youth. Thus, we also summarized relevant research on justice-involved adolescents, with a focus evaluating its potential relevance in the context of the unique milestones of the transition age, including finishing one's education, setting and working towards vocational goals, and transitioning from ones' family of origin to more independent living situations. Existing programs and initiatives relevant to transition age youth with mental health conditions are highlighted, and nine specific recommendations for policy and practice are offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristyn Zajac
- Family Services Research Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | | | - Maryann Davis
- Transitions Research and Training Center, Systems and Psychosocial Advances Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
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20
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Kalinyak CM, Gary FA, Killion CM, Suresky MJ. Components of a TIP Model Program. J Behav Health Serv Res 2015; 44:331-340. [PMID: 26276423 DOI: 10.1007/s11414-015-9478-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Transition-aged youth in need of services and supports find themselves in a quandary; in certain instances, they are considered children, whereas in other circumstances, they qualify as adults. Transition to Independence Process (TIP) provides a promising model for transition-aged youth programs. It is distinguished by an emphasis upon client-driven goals, as opposed to agency-defined goals. Another key feature is reliance upon collaboration among service providers in order to address the myriad of needs of young adults. From the perspective of transition-aged clients, an efficacious TIP program must offer support services, including mental health care. It must encourage natural supports, including family. All of the facets of a TIP model program should have as their ultimate focus the education and employment of transition-aged youth. Together, these contribute to the best possible outcomes for transition-aged youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Kalinyak
- , 30 Baldwin Street, Hudson, OH, 44236, USA. .,Turning Point Counseling Services, Youngstown, OH, USA. .,Stark County's Treatment Accountability for Safer Communities (TASC) Agency, Canton, OH, USA. .,Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Faye A Gary
- Medical Mutual of Ohio and Kent W. Clapp Chair and Professor of Nursing, Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.,Secondary Appointment, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Provost Scholars Program, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Cheryl M Killion
- Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, 2120 Cornell Road, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - M Jane Suresky
- Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Family Systems Psychiatric Mental Health Program, Case Western Reserve University, A2120 Cornell Road, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
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21
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Paul M, Street C, Wheeler N, Singh SP. Transition to adult services for young people with mental health needs: A systematic review. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry 2015; 20:436-57. [PMID: 24711585 DOI: 10.1177/1359104514526603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Young people's transition from child and adolescent (CAMHS) to adult mental health services (AMHS). OBJECTIVES To systematically review evidence on the effectiveness of different models of CAMHS-AMHS transitional care, service user and staff perspectives, and facilitators of/barriers to effective CAMHS-AMHS transition. DATA SOURCES A systematic search in May 2012 of Medline, PsycINFO, CINAHL, EMBASE, AMED, Health Business Elite, HMIC, Cochrane Database, Web of Science and ASSIA; ancestral searches; and consultation with experts in the field. STUDY SELECTION Qualitative, quantitative and mixed-methods primary research on the CAMHS-AMHS health-care transition of young people (aged 16-21 years) with mental health problems. DATA EXTRACTION Two reviewers independently completed a standardised data extraction form and critically evaluated identified documents using a validated appraisal tool for empirical studies with varied methodologies. RESULTS A total of 19 studies of variable quality were identified. None were randomised or case-controlled trials. Studies incorporating service user/carer perspectives highlighted the need to tackle stigma and provide accessible, age-appropriate services. Parents/carers wanted more involvement with AMHS. Transitional care provision was considered patchy and often not prioritised within mental health services. There was no clear evidence of superior effectiveness of any particular model. CONCLUSIONS High-quality evidence of transitional care models is lacking. Data broadly support the development of programmes that address the broader transitional care needs of 'emerging adults' and their mental health needs but further evaluation is necessary. Developing robust transitional mental health care will require the policy-practice gap to be addressed and development of accessible, acceptable, responsive, age-appropriate provision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moli Paul
- Division of Mental Health and Wellbeing, Warwick Medical School, The University of Warwick, UK
| | - Cathy Street
- Research and Innovation Department, Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Nicola Wheeler
- Research and Innovation Department, Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Swaran P Singh
- Division of Mental Health and Wellbeing, Warwick Medical School, The University of Warwick, UK
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22
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How Community Organizations Promote Continuity of Care for Young People with Mental Health Problems. J Behav Health Serv Res 2014; 43:200-13. [PMID: 24833485 DOI: 10.1007/s11414-014-9409-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Young people between the ages of 16 and 25 who experience mental health problems experience transitions and need help from a variety of organizations. Organizations promote continuity of care by assisting young adults with developmental, service, and systemic transitions. Providers offer specific services to help transitions and also form cooperative relationships with other community organizations. Results from a survey of 100 service providers in one community describe organizational attributes and practices which are associated with continuity of care in a regional system for young adults. Data analyses show that full-service organizations which practice cultural competence offer more specific services that foster continuity of care. Larger, full-service organizations are also more likely to have more extensive and collaborative inter-organizational networks that help young adults continue care over time within the regional system of care.
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23
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Appealing Features of Vocational Support Services for Hispanic and non-Hispanic Transition Age Youth and Young Adults with Serious Mental Health Conditions. J Behav Health Serv Res 2014; 42:452-65. [DOI: 10.1007/s11414-014-9402-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Abstract
The number of students entering college with high-functioning autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) is expected to surge in coming years. The diagnostic features and psychiatric risks of ASD, coupled with the transitions and stresses that define college life, present extraordinary challenges for these students, their parents, and institutions of higher education. This article applies a bioecological framework for conceptualizing the systemic strengths and barriers at the secondary and postsecondary levels of education in supporting students with ASD. This theoretical orientation is used to illustrate the importance of offering services and programs in a more coordinated and fluid manner within and between systems to support students more effectively. Evidence-based programs, practices, and interventions associated with successful academic and mental health outcomes for youth and young adults with ASD, as well as for college students with mental health and other challenges, are reviewed for their applicability to the target population. It is proposed that more fluid transitions and improved mental health and academic outcomes for college students with ASD can be achieved by integrating elements from secondary and postsecondary educational systems and also from existing, effective approaches with youth and young adults. Building upon the disjointed, but promising, evidence from youth, young adult, and college mental health literatures, recommendations for developing more effective transition plans for students with ASD are proposed.
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25
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Vorhies V, Davis KE, Frounfelker RL, Kaiser SM. Applying social and cultural capital frameworks: understanding employment perspectives of transition age youth with serious mental health conditions. J Behav Health Serv Res 2012; 39:257-70. [PMID: 22382805 DOI: 10.1007/s11414-012-9274-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Vulnerable transition age youth, such as those in foster care and with serious mental health conditions, are at increased risk for lower rates of employment. Social capital is empirically linked to employment in the general population, yet little is known about the role of social capital in employment for at-risk transition age youth. Focus groups were conducted with young people with serious mental health conditions and their vocational specialists. Discussions reveal that both social and cultural capital influence employment processes. Those with employment experience value the motivation to work provided through others compared to those with no employment experience. Consistently employed describe strong working relationships with vocational specialists and possession of self-awareness, professionalism, and work-place knowledge as critical for employment success, while inconsistently employed describe worries about controlling emotions or behaviors on the job. Building social and cultural capital are explored as potential service provider goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Vorhies
- Thresholds-Dartmouth Research Center, Thresholds Psychiatric Rehabilitation Centers, 4423 N. Ravenswood, Chicago, IL 60613, USA.
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26
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Abstract
TOPIC This article describes efforts to develop and offer supports for young adults within two clubhouse programs affiliated with the International Center for Clubhouse Development (ICCD). PURPOSE In response to a need to address service gaps and create supports to engage young adults transitioning to the adult mental health system, the authors describe the background, development, and adaptations of services and supports for young adults within their respective clubhouse programs. The authors highlight details and challenges associated with program adaptation and success stories of transition aged youth actively engaged in their clubhouses. SOURCES USED Published literature, personal observation, and member feedback. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE These clubhouse programs share successful strategies used to engage young adults including outreach efforts led by young adults, developing supports and linkages with local educational institutions, addressing housing issues specific to young adults, and using current technologies that young adults find appealing. These strategies may prove useful to other service models that serve this population. Clubhouses affiliated with the ICCD show promise in expanding their approach and services to engage and support young adults.
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Improving transitions for young people who move from child and adolescent mental health services to mental health services for adults: lessons from research and young people's and practitioners' experiences. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2010; 23:311-7. [PMID: 20520550 DOI: 10.1097/yco.0b013e32833a51e2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The importance of ensuring robust arrangements for young people's transitions from specialist child and adolescent mental health services to specialist mental health services for adults is well documented in the international literature. Nonetheless, according to young people, there remains great variation in the quality of services in respect of their transitions. Furthermore, the problems that we report are by no means confined to single continents. This review examines recent literature and explores the themes that emerge from it with a view to finding solutions. RECENT FINDINGS Our findings from the literature suggest a clear strategic direction to improve the quality of the care of young people who need to move from specialist child and adolescent mental health services to specialist mental health services for adults. Our examination of the literature identifies a number of themes that have been recognized by practitioners and we have used them to define a model of care and aspects of good practice. We think they should be included within all evidence-based policies, protocols and care pathways for young people. There is little literature available that documents the personal experiences of young people in transition and their families, but consistent themes emerge from what is available. SUMMARY There are a number of topics that require active consideration when preparing young people for transition between services. Despite the limited volume of research, and particularly that which has directly involved young people and families, we know from anecdote, experience and local audit and research that improvements in service design and practice are required. These matters inform the solutions that we suggest. We see as pivotal involving young people directly in planning their own care and setting quality standards for healthcare and other services.
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Clark HBR, Koroloff N, Geller J, Sondheimer DL. Research on transition to adulthood: building the evidence base to inform services and supports for youth and young adults with serious mental health disorders. J Behav Health Serv Res 2008; 35:365-72. [PMID: 18726695 DOI: 10.1007/s11414-008-9140-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2008] [Accepted: 06/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Since the mid-1990s, research has established a clear picture of the poor real-life outcomes achieved by transition-age youth and young adults who have been diagnosed with a serious mental health disorder. The purpose of this article is to: (1) introduce the reader to the other eight articles in this special issue on Transition to Adulthood Research; (2) illustrate how each is contributing to the research base available to more fully understand these challenges as well as guide the creation of developmentally appropriate and effective services and supports for youth and young adults and their families; and (3) suggest future directions for continuing to advance this field of research and program implementation to improve outcomes though practice and policy improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hewitt B Rusty Clark
- National Center on Youth Transition for Behavioral Health: NCYT System Development and Research Team, Florida Mental Health Institute, University of South Florida, 13301 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., MHC 2332, Tampa, FL 33612-3807, USA.
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