1
|
Sequeira M, Naughton F, Velleman R, Murthy P, D'souza J, Pacheco MG, Kamat AK, Gadiyar A, Sanjeevan V, Jain L, Nadkarni A. Perspectives of smokers, smokeless tobacco users and cessation practitioners in India: A qualitative study. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2024; 51:194-200. [PMID: 39034078 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2024.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION India is the second largest consumer of tobacco in the world and accounts for 70% of global deaths due to smokeless tobacco (SLT) use. AIM The aim of this study is to understand the perspectives of tobacco users (smokers and SLT users) and practitioners in India to inform cessation interventions. METHOD Semi-structured in-depth interviews with tobacco users (smoked and smokeless; n=23), and healthcare practitioners (n=13). Perspectives were triangulated using thematic analysis to examine convergence, divergence and complementarity of findings. RESULTS We present the results in a socio-ecological framework to highlight reasons for initiation and continuation of tobacco and motives to quit at the individual, interpersonal, occupational, societal and policy levels. SLT is seen as culturally acceptable compared to smoked forms of tobacco. Emotionally framed messages highlighting negative effects of tobacco on loved ones were perceived to be a better motivator than other types of cessation messages. DISCUSSION Nuanced differences exist between smokers and SLT user perspectives which have implications for cessation programs. Our findings supplement similar studies with other South Asian populations. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Our study provides useful insights to tailor cessation interventions to the type of tobacco consumed in order to enhance their acceptability and effectiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Sequeira
- Addictions and Related Research Group, Sangath, Porvorim, Goa, India
| | - Felix Naughton
- Behavioural and Implementation Science Group, School of Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Richard Velleman
- Addictions and Related Research Group, Sangath, Porvorim, Goa, India; Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, England, UK
| | - Pratima Murthy
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Joseline D'souza
- Addictions and Related Research Group, Sangath, Porvorim, Goa, India
| | | | - Amita Kenkre Kamat
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Goa Dental College and Hospital, Bambolim, India
| | - Akshatha Gadiyar
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Goa Dental College and Hospital, Bambolim, India
| | - Vinita Sanjeevan
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Goa Dental College and Hospital, Bambolim, India
| | - Latika Jain
- Addictions and Related Research Group, Sangath, Porvorim, Goa, India
| | - Abhijit Nadkarni
- Addictions and Related Research Group, Sangath, Porvorim, Goa, India; Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Charuni Thennakoon J, Deva Adithiya D, Randika Jayamaha A. The Association Between Personality Traits and Substance Use Among Advanced Level Students in Western Province, Sri Lanka: A Cross-sectional Study. ADDICTION & HEALTH 2024; 16:100-106. [PMID: 39051035 PMCID: PMC11264475 DOI: 10.34172/ahj.2024.1520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Background While personality predominantly influences human cognition, emotion, and behavior, there is still an unresolved research gap concerning the association between personality and substance use within the Sri Lankan context. Methods This descriptive cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the association between personality traits and substance use among advanced-level students aged over 18 in Western province, Sri Lanka, in 2023. Data collection was carried out using self-administered paper-pencil questionnaires. The study variables were measured using the brief version of the Big Five Personality Inventory and the Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Questionnaire. Data analysis involved the use of the chi-square test and Spearman correlation. Findings Of the 441 enrolled participants, 422 provided correct responses to the questionnaire. Among them, 154 (36.5%) reported substance use. The majority of students initiated substance use at the age of 17. The results reveal a significant association between the openness personality trait and substance use among advanced-level students in Western province. Additionally, there was a statistically significant positive correlation between the extroversion personality trait and amphetamine use among advanced-level students. Conclusion The findings highlight a significant association between specific personality traits, particularly openness and extroversion, and substance use among advanced-level students in Western province, Sri Lanka. These results emphasize the significance of considering personality factors in understanding and addressing substance use behaviors among youth populations. Further research and targeted interventions are necessary to delve deeper into these associations and develop effective prevention and intervention strategies.
Collapse
|
3
|
Bete T, Misgana T, Nigussie K, Aliye K, Abdeta T, Wedaje D, Hunduma G, Assefa A, Tesfaye D, Asfaw H, Amano A, Tariku M, Dereje J, Ali T, Mohammed F, Demissie M, Mohammed A, Hayru N, Assefa B, Wilfong T, Alemu D. Depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and associated factors among adults, in the Eastern part of Ethiopia. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:17. [PMID: 38172755 PMCID: PMC10763018 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05466-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depressive disorder is one of the severe and common mental illnesses in the general population. Bipolar disorder is a severe, persistent mental illness associated with significant morbidity and mortality. However, there is a paucity of data on the prevalence of depressive disorder, and bipolar disorder in our study area. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the prevalence of depressive and bipolar disorders among adults in Kersa, Haramaya, and Harar Health and Demographic Surveillance Sites in Eastern Ethiopia. METHODS A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 1,416 participants. A multi-stage sampling was employed to select the participants. DSM-5 diagnostic criteria was used to assess depressive disorder and bipolar disorder. Data was collected using a standard questionnaire. Data were entered into Epi-Data 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 26. Both binary and multivariate logistic regression analyses were done. Those with a p-value < 0.05 in the final model were considered statistically significant. RESULTS The overall prevalence of depressive and bipolar disorders among our study participants was 6.7% (95% CI: 5.40, 8.20) and 2.1% (95% CI: (1.40, 3.00), respectively. The independent predictors of depressive disorder included a family history of mental illness, chronic medical illnesses, unemployment, low educational status, divorced or widowed, poor social support, and current alcohol use or khat chewing. Single, males, divorced or widowed, and current consumers of alcohol were independent predictors for bipolar disorder. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION The results of our investigation showed that bipolar illness and depression were significant public health issues. It was shown that although bipolar disorder is highly prevalent in the society, depression is a widespread concern. As a result, it is imperative that the relevant body grow and enhance the provision of mental health services. Furthermore, research on the effects and burdens of bipolar disorder in the community is required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tilahun Bete
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia.
| | - Tadesse Misgana
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Kabtamu Nigussie
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Kemal Aliye
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Tilahun Abdeta
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Dawud Wedaje
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Gari Hunduma
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Abduselam Assefa
- School of Medicine, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Dejene Tesfaye
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Henock Asfaw
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Abdulkarim Amano
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Mandaras Tariku
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Jerman Dereje
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Tilahun Ali
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Fethia Mohammed
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Mekdes Demissie
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Ahmed Mohammed
- School of Medicine, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Nejiba Hayru
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Birhanu Assefa
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Tara Wilfong
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Daniel Alemu
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rochat L, Rothen S, Edel Y, Penzenstadler L, Lecomte T, Potvin S, Dan Glauser E, Etter JF, Khazaal Y. Measurement invariance of the Marijuana Motives Measure among men and women using Stop Cannabis App. Addict Behav 2024; 148:107866. [PMID: 37748226 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Motives to use cannabis play a central role in the development and maintenance of problematic cannabis use and previous studies stressed sex-related differences on motives to use cannabis. However, motives cannot be validly compared in men and women without first establishing the measurement invariance across sex. Therefore, the aim of the study is to (1) examine for the first time the measurement and structural invariance of the Marijuana Motives Measure (MMM) across sex, and (2) to investigate the motives for cannabis use that best explain problematic use. METHODS 2951 (41.7% women) users of the "Stop cannabis" smartphone app of which 99.8% reported having used cannabis in the last three months completed an online MMM and ASSIST to assess the severity of their problematic cannabis use. RESULTS Multigroup confirmatory factor analyses supported measurement invariance across sex, whereas structural invariance was not confirmed. Indeed, group comparisons indicated that women reported greater coping motives then men whereas men showed greater social motives than women. A multiple linear regression analysis showed that only coping and conformity motives were significantly associated with greater problematic cannabis use, whereas neither sex nor the sex by motives interactions were significantly related to problematic cannabis use. CONCLUSIONS The MMM appears to function comparably across men and women. Therefore, sex-related comparisons on the questionnaire can be considered valid. Coping and conformity motives may play a central role part in the development of marijuana use problems which may hold implications for intervention development and public policy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucien Rochat
- Specialized Facility in Behavioral Addiction ReConnecte, Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Faculty of Psychology, UniDistance, Brig, Switzerland.
| | - Stéphane Rothen
- Addiction Division, Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Research Center for Statistics, Geneva School of Management and Economics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Yves Edel
- ELSA , GHU Pitié-Salpétrière, Sorbonne-Université Paris, Paris, France.
| | - Louise Penzenstadler
- Addiction Division, Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Tania Lecomte
- Research Center of the Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal and Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.
| | - Stephane Potvin
- Research Center of the Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal and Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.
| | - Elise Dan Glauser
- Institute of Psychology, Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | | | - Yasser Khazaal
- Research Center of the Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal and Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada; Addiction Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland; Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Takelle GM, Nakie G, Rtbey G, Melkam M. Depressive symptoms and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care at Comprehensive Specialized Hospitals in Northwest Ethiopia, 2022: an institution-based cross-sectional study. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1148638. [PMID: 37415690 PMCID: PMC10322208 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1148638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Depression during pregnancy has a significant impact on public health as it can adversely affect both the mother's and the child's health. These can have devastating effects on the mother, the unborn child, and the entire family. Objective This study aimed to determine the prevalence of depressive symptoms and associated factors among pregnant women in Ethiopia. Method An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among pregnant women attending antenatal care services at comprehensive specialized hospitals in Northwest Ethiopia from May to June 2022. Measurement The desired data were collected through face-to-face interview techniques by using validated questionnaires such as the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, the Oslo-3 social support scale, and the Abuse Assessment Screen tools. The data were analyzed by using SPSS Version 25. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with antenatal depressive symptoms. Variables having a p-value of <0.2 in the bivariate analysis were entered into the multivariable logistic regression. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant, at 95% CI. Results This study revealed that 91 (19.2%) pregnant women screened positive for depressive symptoms. According to multivariable logistic regression, living in rural areas (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.58, 95% CI: 1.267, 5.256), being in the second or third trimesters of gestational phase (AOR = 4.40, 95% CI: 1.949, 9.966 and AOR = 5.42, 95% CI: 2.438, 12.028, respectively), having a history of alcohol use (AOR = 2.41, 95% CI: 1.099, 5.260), having moderate or poor social support (AOR = 2.55, 95% CI: 1.220, 5.338 and AOR = 2.41, 95% CI: 1.106, 5.268), and having a history of intimate partner violence (AOR = 2.67, 95% CI: 1.416, 5.016) were the factors significantly associated with depressive symptoms at a p-value of ≤ 0.05. Conclusion and recommendation The prevalence of depressive symptoms among pregnant women was high. Living in rural areas, second and third trimesters, use of alcohol, having moderate to poor social support, and having a history of intimate partner violence were variables significantly associated with depressive symptoms during pregnancy.
Collapse
|
6
|
Birhanu A, Bete T, Eyeberu A, Getachew T, Yadeta E, Negash A, Lami M, Balcha T, Sertsu A, Deballa A. Nearly One-Fourth of Eastern Ethiopian Adolescents are Current Psychoactive Substance Users: A School-Based Cross-Sectional Study. Subst Abuse Rehabil 2023; 14:25-34. [PMID: 37131538 PMCID: PMC10149075 DOI: 10.2147/sar.s401843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Psychoactive substance use is a growing health problem in both developing and developed countries. Despite adolescents being at high risk of practicing risky behaviors including substance use, there is no adequate information on the problem in the Harari Region, in the Eastern part of Ethiopia. Hence, the present study aimed to identify the burden of current substance use in high school adolescent students of Harari Region, Ethiopia, from 10th April to 10th May 2022. Methods A school-based cross-sectional study was employed on a total of 1498 randomly selected adolescent students. Poisson regression was used for the assessment of substance use over the last three months among adolescent students. The substance use burden was reported by IRR (incidence rate ratio) at a 95% Confidence interval. The final model fitness was checked using Akaike information criterion (AIC) and Bayesian information criterion (BIC) reports. The variables that had less than 0.05 P-value were declared to be statistically significant. Results The overall psychoactive substance use was 373 (24.9%, 95% Confidence Interval (CI); 22.8-27.1%). The substances included khat (21.6%, 95% CI; 18.6-23.6%), alcohol drinking (1.8%; 95% CI; 1.3-2.6%), and smoking (1.2%, 95% CI; 0.75-1.9%). Being male (IRR (Incidence Rate ratio) = 1.21, 95% CI; 1.11-1.38), availability of the substance (IRR (Incidence Rate ratio) = 2.02, 95%; 1.53-2.66), having substance user friends (IRR=1.60: 95% CI: 1.30-2.01), and being at a younger age (IRR = 1.21; 95% CI: 1.02-1.44) increased the psychoactive substance use rate in the adolescents. Conclusion and Recommendation One out of four adolescents was a current psychoactive substance user. Being male, substance availability, having substance-user friends, and being at younger age increased the psychoactive substance use rate in school adolescents in Eastern Ethiopia. The intervention that involves the schools' community, students' families, and executive bodies should be strengthened to overcome the substance use-related burdens among high school adolescent students.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdi Birhanu
- School of Medicine, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
- Correspondence: Abdi Birhanu, Haramaya University, P.O. Box: 235, Harar, Ethiopia, Email
| | - Tilahun Bete
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Addis Eyeberu
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Tamirat Getachew
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Elias Yadeta
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Abraham Negash
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Magarsa Lami
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Tegenu Balcha
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Addisu Sertsu
- Department of Nursing, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Adera Deballa
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bete T, Lami M, Negash A, Eyeberu A, Birhanu A, Berhanu B, Abdeta T, Nigussie S, Dechasa DB, Gemechu K, Wedaje D, Alemu A, Kibret H, Bayu K, Meseret F, Abinew Y, Wondimneh F, Dirirsa G, Godana A, Husen J, Alemu A, Nigussie K, Heluf H, Bogale K, Dessie Y. Current alcohol, tobacco, and khat use and associated factors among adults living in Harari regional state, eastern Ethiopia: A community-based cross-sectional study. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:955371. [PMID: 36532190 PMCID: PMC9751331 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.955371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Psychoactive substance use becomes a major public health and socioeconomic problem worldwide. Despite its burden and consequences, there is no community-based study conducted on psychoactive substance use and associated factors in eastern Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the magnitude and determinants of current alcohol, tobacco, and khat among adults living in Harari regional state, eastern Ethiopia. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 955 adults living in Harari regional state. Participants were randomly recruited using a simple random sampling technique. Data were collected by interviewer-administered structured and semi-structured questionnaires. Data were entered into Epi Data version 3.1 and exported to Stata version 14.0 for analysis. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the association between the outcome and independent variables, and the statistical significance was declared at a p < 0.5. Results Of 955 eligible participants, 95.29% participated in the study. The overall prevalence of current alcohol use, tobacco use, and khat use in this study was 8.24, 14.5, and 63.30%, respectively. The availability of alcohol, being unemployed, and being a current khat user were significantly associated with current alcohol use. Being male, having a low level of education, having peer pressure, having a common mental disorder, being a current alcohol user, and being a khat user were identified as significant predictors for current tobacco use. The age between 31 and 40 years, being a Muslim religion follower, being a farmer, being a current tobacco user, and availability of khat were significantly associated with current khat use. Conclusion and recommendations The prevalence of psychoactive substance use in the study area was relatively high compared with that of previous studies. By considering these determinants, screening, early identification, and developing appropriate intervention strategies to prevent and tackle current alcohol, tobacco, and khat use in the community should be of great concern.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tilahun Bete
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Magarsa Lami
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Abraham Negash
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Addis Eyeberu
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Abdi Birhanu
- College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Bekelu Berhanu
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Tilahun Abdeta
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Shambel Nigussie
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Deribe Bekele Dechasa
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Kabtamu Gemechu
- School of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Dawud Wedaje
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Ayichew Alemu
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Haregeweyn Kibret
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Kefelegn Bayu
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Fentahun Meseret
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Yideg Abinew
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Fenta Wondimneh
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Gebisa Dirirsa
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Abduro Godana
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Jemal Husen
- School of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Addisu Alemu
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Kabtamu Nigussie
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Helina Heluf
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Kasahun Bogale
- School of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Yadeta Dessie
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Vuzic XD, Burkart PL, Wenzl M, Fuchshuber J, Unterrainer HF. The relationship between religious/spiritual well-being, psychiatric symptoms and addictive behaviors among young adults during the COVID-19-pandemic. Front Psychol 2022; 13:942149. [PMID: 36172231 PMCID: PMC9511163 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.942149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is becoming increasingly apparent that the COVID-19 pandemic not only poses risks to physical health, but that it also might lead to a global mental health crisis, making the exploration of protective factors for mental well-being highly relevant. The present study seeks to investigate religious/spiritual well-being (RSWB) as a potential protective factor with regard to psychiatric symptom burden and addictive behavior. Materials and Methods The data was collected by conducting an online survey in the interim period between two national lockdowns with young adults (N = 306; age: 18-35) in Austria. The primary study variables were assessed through the Brief Symptom Inventory 18 (BSI-18; psychiatric symptom load), the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST; addictive behavior/addiction risk) and the Multidimensional Inventory for Religious/Spiritual Well-Being short version (MI-RSWB 12), with its sub-dimensions Hope (HO), Forgiveness (FO), General Religiosity (GR), and Connectedness (CO). Results We observed HO and FO as substantial negative predictors of psychiatric symptom burden. With regard to addictive behavior, HO in particular but also GR seem to have a protective function. Furthermore, we found positive connections between CO, psychiatric symptom burden, and addictive behavior. Conclusion In line with our assumptions, HO, FO and to a minor extent GR were confirmed as negative predictors regarding psychiatric symptom burden or addictive behavior in young adults, coping with the psychological threat of COVID-19 pandemic. These dimensions might be further considered as potential resources in clinical treatment. However, the positive prediction of mental illness parameters by increased feelings of CO could also be interpreted as an expression of exhaustion and alienation from the real world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xenia D. Vuzic
- Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Magdalena Wenzl
- CIAR: Center for Integrative Addiction Research, Grüner Kreis Society, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jürgen Fuchshuber
- CIAR: Center for Integrative Addiction Research, Grüner Kreis Society, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Philosophy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Human-Friedrich Unterrainer
- Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- CIAR: Center for Integrative Addiction Research, Grüner Kreis Society, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
- Department of Religious Studies, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Takelle GM, Muluneh NY, Biresaw MS. Sleep quality and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care unit at Gondar, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e056564. [PMID: 36691143 PMCID: PMC9445783 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-056564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of poor sleep quality among pregnant women in Ethiopia. METHOD Institutional based cross-sectional study. SETTING University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Gondar, Ethiopia. PARTICIPANTS A total of 415 pregnant women were recruited by using a systematic random sampling technique from 28 April 2020 to 12 June 2020. MEASUREMENT The desired data were collected through face-to-face interview technique by using validated questionnaires such as the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, Perceived Stress Scale, Oslo-3 and Abuse Assessment Screen. The data were analysed by using SPSS V.20. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify associated factors with poor sleep quality. Variables having a p value of less than 0.2 in the bivariate analysis were entered to the multivariable logistic regression. A p value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant, at 95% CI. RESULT In this study, 175 (42.2%) pregnant women had poor sleep quality. According to multivariable logistic regression, being first and third trimesters of gestational age (adjusted OR (aOR) 2.31, 95% CI 1.16 to 4.61 and aOR 3.45, 95% CI 2.05 to 5.79, respectively), consumption of caffeinated substances (aOR 2.96, 95% CI 1.68 to 5.52), having depression (aOR 2.12, 95% CI 1.19 to 3.76), having high perceived stress (aOR 5.39, 95% CI 1.96 to 14.79) and experience of intimate partner violence (aOR 5.57, 95% CI 2.19 to 14.68) were positive significant associated factors with poor sleep quality. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION The prevalence of poor sleep quality among pregnant women was relatively high. First and third trimesters, consumption of caffeinated substances, antenatal depression, high perceived stress and intimate partner violence were factors significantly associated with poor sleep quality. This result suggests that all pregnant women should be screened and treated for poor sleep quality during the first and third trimesters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Girmaw Medfu Takelle
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Gondar College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Gondar, Amhara, Ethiopia
| | - Niguse Yigzaw Muluneh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Gondar College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Gondar, Amhara, Ethiopia
| | - Mengesha Srahbzu Biresaw
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Gondar College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Gondar, Amhara, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Paterniti K, Bright S, Gringart E. The Relationship Between Psychedelic Use, Mystical Experiences, and Pro-Environmental Behaviors. JOURNAL OF HUMANISTIC PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/00221678221111024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Expanding on the work of Forstmann and Sagioglou, this study investigated the differences in personality and pro-environmental behavior (PEB) as a function of psychedelic-occasioned mystical experiences. A sample of 240 participants with prior psychedelic experience completed an online survey. Data were collected on participants’ psychedelic-occasioned mystical states, personality, and self-reported PEB. A measure of behavioral PEB was also included (Charity Task). The mean scores on self-reported PEB, openness and agreeableness of participants who met the criteria for a “complete” mystical state, were significantly higher than those who did not. Specifically, those who experienced a mystical state scored higher on the PEB types “eco-shopping and eating” and “one-off domestic conservation actions.” Participants who demonstrated PEB in the Charity Task scored higher on self-reported PEB than those who did not, supporting the task’s validity. Findings suggest that mystical experiences influence PEB. Future research with experimental designs could further illuminate potential causal relationships.
Collapse
|
11
|
Wolde A, Wolancho W, Belay Y, Alemu A, Asefa A, Gebremedhin T. A Community-Based Exploratory Cross-Sectional Study of Elder Abuse Perpetration or Victimization Among Elders in Ethiopia, 2022. Clin Interv Aging 2022; 17:957-969. [PMID: 35730042 PMCID: PMC9206848 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s360548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Elderly abuse and comorbid problematic substance use, disability, and physical and mental illness have been major problems in low-income countries. In most countries, the elderly are the most neglected segment of the population, and there is insufficient information about elderly abuse perpetration or victimization in low-income countries like Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess elderly abuse perpetration or victimization among the elderly in Mizan Aman town, southwest Ethiopia. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study design was conducted among 268 elderly people from May to June, 2021, by using a systematic sampling technique. The elderly abuse and the ASSIST tools were used to assess the elderly abuse and khat, alcohol, cannabis, and tobacco use disorders, respectively. Moreover, multimorbidity and physical disability were also assessed. Data were entered into EpiData version 3.1 and exported to the Statistical Package for Social Science Version 23. A logistic regression model was used to identify independent predictors of elderly abuse. Results The prevalence of elder abuse was 41.8%, and the prevalence of poly substance, alcohol, khat, and tobacco use disorder was 32.5%, 19.4%, 12%, and 4.5%, respectively. Besides, the comorbidity of physical disability and multiple chronic diseases was 8% and 24.6%, respectively. Moreover, physical disability (AOR = 5.652, CI = 1.459, 21.894), multimorbidity (AOR = 3.972, CI = 1.898, 8.314), substance use disorder (AOR = 3.877, CI = 1.814, 8.286), age above 80 years (AOR = 8.452, CI = 2.273, 31.425), and poor social support (AOR = 3.372, CI = 1.043, 10.903) were positively associated with elderly abuse. Conclusion The magnitude of elder abuse and comorbid multimorbidity, physical disability, and substance use disorder was high, and having multiple chronic diseases, physical disability, substance use disorder, advanced age, and poor social support were risk factors for elderly abuse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asrat Wolde
- Department of Psychiatry, Mizan Tepi University, Mizan Aman, South West Regional State, Ethiopia
| | - Wadu Wolancho
- Department of Nursing, Jimma University, Jimma, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia
| | - Yeshitila Belay
- Department of Nursing, Jimma University, Jimma, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia
| | - Asamirew Alemu
- Department of Nursing, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan Aman, South West Regional State, Ethiopia
| | - Ashenaf Asefa
- Department of Nursing, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan Aman, South West Regional State, Ethiopia
| | - Tsehaye Gebremedhin
- Department of Nursing, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan Aman, South West Regional State, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wedajo S, Degu G, Deribew A, Ambaw F. Social support, perceived stigma, and depression among PLHIV on second-line antiretroviral therapy using structural equation modeling in a multicenter study in Northeast Ethiopia. Int J Ment Health Syst 2022; 16:27. [PMID: 35698153 PMCID: PMC9191754 DOI: 10.1186/s13033-022-00536-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Depression has a multitude of clinical and public health consequences for HIV patients. The magnitude of HIV patients who failed first-line antiretroviral treatment and switched to second-line therapy is becoming a growing public health concern. However, unlike first-line therapy, to date, little attention has been given to mental health problems in such patients, particularly in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, this research was conducted to determine the magnitude of depression and its determinants among HIV patients on second-line antiretroviral therapy. Methods A multi-centered cross-sectional study was conducted on 714 HIV patients on second-line therapy who were selected via systematic random sampling. Data were collected in personal interviews as well as document reviews. The nine-item patient health questionnaire score was used to assess depression, while the three-item Oslo Scale was used to assess social support. The associations between exogenous, mediating, and endogenous variables were identified simultaneously using structural equation modeling. Statistical significance was declared at a P-value less than 0.05, and the effect sizes were presented using 95% CI. Results Depression was reported in 27.7% of HIV patients on second-line therapy [95% CI: 24.7–31.1%]. Social support has a direct [\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$$\widehat{\beta }$$\end{document}β^ = − 0.9, (95% CI: − 1.11 to − 0.69)] and indirect [\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$$\widehat{\beta }$$\end{document}β^ = − 0.22, (95% CI: − 0.31 to − 0.13)] negative effect on depression. Perceived stigma was a mediator variable and significantly associated with depression [\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$$\widehat{\beta }$$\end{document}β^ = 0.40, (95% CI: 0.23–0.57)]. Co-morbid illness [\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$$\widehat{\beta }$$\end{document}β^ = 0.49, (95% CI: 0.35–0.63)], high viremia [\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$$\widehat{\beta }$$\end{document}β^ = 0.17, (95% CI: 0.08–0.26], moderate and high-risk substance use [\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$$\widehat{\beta }$$\end{document}β^ = 0.29, (95% CI: 0.18–0.39)], and not-workable functional status [\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$$\widehat{\beta }$$\end{document}β^ = 0.2, (95% CI: 0.1–0.31)] were all positively associated with depression. Conclusions This study revealed that there was a high prevalence of depression among HIV patients on second-line antiretroviral therapy. Social and clinical factors were associated with depression risk. As a result, screening, prevention, and control strategies, including psychosocial support, should be strengthened in routine clinical care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shambel Wedajo
- School of Public Health, CMHS, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia.
| | - Getu Degu
- School of Public Health, CMHS, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Amare Deribew
- Country Director, Nutrition International (NI) in Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Fentie Ambaw
- School of Public Health, CMHS, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sime Y, Hailesilassie H, Alenko A. Work-related stress and associated factors among employees of Hawassa industrial park, southern Ethiopia: an institutional based cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:387. [PMID: 35672849 PMCID: PMC9173659 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04032-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Work-related stress (WRS) is becoming an alarmingly growing public health concern worldwide. Due to globalization and changes in working conditions, people in low-income countries face growing work-relates stress. However, despite high prevalence globally, work-related stress among industrial park workers is not well studied in Ethiopia.Thus; the aim of this study was to assess work-related stress and associated factors among employees of Hawassa industrial park, southern Ethiopia. METHODS An institutional-based cross-sectional study was employed among 419 employees of Hawassa industrial park using an interviewer-administered structured questionnaire. Study participants were selected using simple random sampling technique. Data was collected by face-to-face interview. A workplace stress scale (WPSS) was used to assess work-related stress. The collected data were coded and entered into EPI data 4.6 and exported to SPSS version 26 for analysis. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify associated factors. The statistical significance was considered at P-value < 0.05. RESULT The Overall prevalence of work-related stress was 47.5, 95% CI (43.2, 52.1). Variables such as temporary employment [AOR = 0.41, 95% CI (0.26-0.64)], poor working condition [AOR = 2.12, 95% CI (1.32-3.43)], work experience less than two and half years [AOR = 3.11, 95% CI (1.95-4.96)], poor learning opportunity [AOR = 1.82, 95% CI (1.10-2.30)], poor organizational support [AOR = 1.70, 95% CI (1.10-2.62)], current use of khat [AOR = 2.52, 95% CI (1.28-4.99)] and current use of alcohol [AOR = 2.27, 95% CI (1.44-3.58)] were significantly associated with work-related stress. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION The study found high prevalence of work-related stress among employees of Hawassa industrial park. Temporary employment, poor working conditions, work experience < 21/2 years, poor learning opportunities, poor organizational support, current khat use, and current use of alcohol were significantly associated with work-related stress. Our study finding is recommending enhancing stress management skills and primary prevention on identified risk factors to industry employees.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yohanes Sime
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia.
| | | | - Arefayne Alenko
- Psychiatry Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
The role of health facility and individual level characteristics on medication adherence among PLHIV on second-line antiretroviral therapy in Northeast Ethiopia: use of multi-level model. AIDS Res Ther 2022; 19:17. [PMID: 35346245 PMCID: PMC8959555 DOI: 10.1186/s12981-022-00441-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medication adherence plays a pivotal role in achieving the desired treatment outcomes. The proportion of HIV patients on second-line antiretroviral therapy is becoming a growing public health concern. However, to date, little attention has been given to second-line antiretroviral medication adherence. Moreover, the association between health facility characteristics and medication adherence has yet not been tested. Thus, this research was conducted to determine the magnitude of medication adherence and examine the role of facility-level determinants among HIV patients on second-line ART. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on 714 HIV patients on second-line therapy who were selected via systematic random sampling in twenty public health facilities. Medication adherence was measured using the six-item Simplified Medication Adherence Questionnaire (SMAQ) tool. Data were collected in a personal interview as well as document reviews. A multi-level binary logistic regression was used to uncover individual and facility-level determinants. The effect size was presented using an adjusted odds ratio (AOR), and statistical significance was declared at a P value less than 0.05. RESULTS The magnitude of optimal medication adherence among HIV patients on second-line antiretroviral therapy was 69.5% (65.9-72.7%). Medication adherence was positively associated with the use of adherence reminder methods [AOR = 3.37, (95% CI 2.03-5.62)], having social support [AOR = 1.11, (95% CI 1.02-1.23)], and not having clinical depression [AOR = 3.19, (95% CI 1.93-5.27). The number of adherence counselors [AOR = 1.20, (95% CI 1.04-1.40)], teamwork for enhanced adherence support [AOR = 1.82, (95% CI 1.01-3.42)], and caseloads at ART clinics were all significantly correlated with ARV medication adherence at the facility level. CONCLUSIONS A large proportion of HIV patients on second-line antiretroviral therapy had adherence problems. Both facility-level and individual-level were linked with patient medication adherence. Thus, based on the identified factors, individual and system-level interventions should be targeted.
Collapse
|
15
|
Paudel K, Adhikari TB, Khanal P, Bhatta R, Paudel R, Bhusal S, Basel P. Sleep quality and its correlates among undergraduate medical students in Nepal: A cross-sectional study. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 2:e0000012. [PMID: 36962248 PMCID: PMC10021869 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Poor sleep quality has been found to affect students' learning abilities, academic performance, and interpersonal relationships. However, little is known about this issue in Nepal. This study aimed to identify the factors associated with poor sleep quality among undergraduate medical students in Nepal. A web-based survey was conducted in March 2021 among 212 undergraduate medical students at the Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal. Sleep quality was measured using a 19-item Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was done to assess the factors associated with sleep quality. In the study participants, 38.2% of the students were identified as poor sleepers. Factors like being depressed (AOR = 4.5, 95% CI; 1.2-5.4), current alcohol use (AOR = 2.5, 95% CI; 1.8-10.8), poor academic achievement (AOR = 3.4, 95% CI; 1.1-10.9), and being a fourth-year student (AOR = 3.6, 95% CI; 1.1-11.8) were significantly associated with poor sleep quality. Poor sleep quality was common among undergraduate medical students. Routine screening of sleep quality and depressive symptoms is necessary to mitigate their impact among medical students. Medical students of the fourth year, current alcohol users, and those who did not have good academic achievement had poor sleep quality. Special attention on these population subgroups is thus needed to enhance sleep quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Paudel
- Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal
- NCD Watch Nepal, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal
- * E-mail:
| | - Tara Ballav Adhikari
- NCD Watch Nepal, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Department of Public Health, Section for Global Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Nepal Development Society, Chitwan, Nepal
| | - Pratik Khanal
- Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Ramesh Bhatta
- Asian College for Advanced Studies, Purbanchal University, Satdobato, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Rajan Paudel
- Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Sandesh Bhusal
- Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal
- NCD Watch Nepal, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Prem Basel
- Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kaswa R. Primary healthcare approach to substance abuse management. S Afr Fam Pract (2004) 2021; 63:e1-e4. [PMID: 34082558 PMCID: PMC8378164 DOI: 10.4102/safp.v63i1.5307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Substance abuse is common amongst patients attending primary healthcare settings. Despite the substantial impact on one’s health, substance abuse is often underdiagnosed by primary care providers owing to a lack of training and time for screening. Self-reported screening tools are easy to administer and efficient to make a substance abuse diagnosis in primary care settings. Comorbid mental illness and intimate partner violence are common amongst patients presenting with substance abuse in primary care. An early diagnosis and a brief behavioural change counselling are effective in managing substance abuse before it develops into dependency. A brief motivational communication rather than a confrontation during substance abuse screening, counselling and treatment is important to achieve optimum patient outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramprakash Kaswa
- Department of Family Medicine and Rural Health, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Garrod E, Jenkins E, Currie LM, McGuinness L, Bonnie K. Leveraging Nurses to Improve Care for Patients with Concurrent Disorders in Inpatient Mental Health Settings: A Scoping Review. J Dual Diagn 2020; 16:357-372. [PMID: 32320348 DOI: 10.1080/15504263.2020.1752963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Several challenges have been identified for patients with concurrent disorders and the providers that care for them, contributing to a pressing need for interventions to improve outcomes, particularly within inpatient mental health settings. Methods: A systematic search of peer-reviewed literature was conducted using four online databases: CINAHL, MEDLINE (Ovid), PsycInfo and Web of Science. Articles were selected based on inclusion criteria and additional articles were identified through hand searches. Study details were charted and qualitative synthesis was conducted. Results: Thirty two articles met inclusion criteria. A substantial focus within the literature was education, with higher levels of education shown to improve healthcare provider attitudes and practices. Within this overarching focus, four themes were identified: 1) education as an intervention to improve attitudes and increase confidence and knowledge; 2) strategies to support practice change, including interventions aimed at clinical leaders and methods to address substance use among inpatients; 3) frameworks to guide care; and 4) opportunities to expand nursing scope of practice. Conclusions: Given the substantial evidence indicating that education improves nurses' knowledge, attitudes and practices, there is great promise in expanding educational intervention opportunities for nurses to improve care and outcomes for patients with concurrent disorders-a priority patient population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Garrod
- School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Providence Health Care, Vancouver, Canada.,British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Emily Jenkins
- School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Leanne M Currie
- School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Liza McGuinness
- School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Kofi Bonnie
- Providence Health Care, Vancouver, Canada.,St. Lukes Health System, Boise, Idaho, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kaswa R, De Villiers M. Prevalence of substance use amongst people living with human immunodeficiency virus who attend primary healthcare services in Mthatha, South Africa. S Afr Fam Pract (2004) 2020; 62:e1-e7. [PMID: 32501039 PMCID: PMC8378084 DOI: 10.4102/safp.v62i1.5042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND About 13.3% of the South African population use some kind of substance during their lifetime. The incidence of substance use disorders is twice the global average. The use of various substances amongst people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) has increased tremendously in recent years. The growing culture of substance use amongst PLWH is a serious threat adding to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic and is likely to compromise the continuity of HIV care. METHODS A cross-sectional descriptive survey recruited adult PLWH who attended primary healthcare (PHC) services in Mthatha between 15 March and 15 April 2018. The Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test questionnaire (ASSIST), a tool validated by the World Health Organization, was used for data collection. RESULTS Out of a total 347 participants, 53% reported lifetime substance use and 32% admitted current use of a substance. Alcohol was the most common substance reported, followed by tobacco and cannabis. The majority of participants were female (75.2%), unemployed (70.8%), had secondary school-level education (85.2%) and a per capita household income below the national food poverty line (75%). The mean age of the participants was 37.9 years (standard deviation [SD] ± 10.33); this was marginally higher for male (39.9 years; SD ± 10.92) than female (37.2 years; SD ± 10.06) participants. CONCLUSION This study has shown that there is a high prevalence of lifetime and current alcohol abuse amongst PLWH who make use of PHC services in the Mthatha area of South Africa. Of particular concern are the strong pointers towards younger people and males.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramprakash Kaswa
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town.
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kiburi SK, Molebatsi K, Obondo A, Kuria MW. Adverse childhood experiences among patients with substance use disorders at a referral psychiatric hospital in Kenya. BMC Psychiatry 2018; 18:197. [PMID: 29914409 PMCID: PMC6007077 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-018-1780-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substance use disorders are a major cause of health and social problems worldwide. Research evidence shows a strong graded relationship of adverse childhood experiences and substance use in adulthood. This study aimed at determining the prevalence of adverse childhood experiences and their association with substance use among patients with substance use disorders. METHOD The study used a descriptive cross-sectional design. A total of 134 patients aged 18 years and above receiving inpatient treatment for substance use disorders were recruited into the study. A mental state exam was done to rule out active psychopathology. Data on socio demographic variables, adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and substance use was collected using Adverse Childhood Experiences International Questionnaire and The Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test respectively. Data was analysed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 20 for windows. RESULTS Males accounted for the majority of the study participants (n = 118, 88.1%). Only 43.3% (n = 58) of the participants had a family history of substance use disorder. The most frequently used substance was alcohol which was reported by 82.1% of the participants. Nearly 93% of the respondents had experienced at least one ACE and the most prevalent ACE was one or no parent which was reported by half of the respondents. The adverse childhood experiences significantly associated with current problematic substance use were; emotional abuse, having someone with mental illness in the household, physical abuse and physical neglect. Emotional abuse significantly predicted tobacco (A.O.R = 5.3 (1.2-23.9)) and sedative (A.O.R = 4.1 (1.2-14.2)) use. Childhood exposure to physical abuse was associated with cannabis use [A.O.R = 2.9 (1.0-7.9)]. Experiencing five or more ACEs was associated with increased risk of using sedatives. CONCLUSION There is a high prevalence of adverse childhood experiences among patients with substance use disorders. Experiencing emotional abuse, having someone with mental illness in the household, physical abuse and physical neglect in childhood are risk factors of substance use disorders. ACEs screening and management should be incorporated in substance abuse prevention programs and policies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Kanana Kiburi
- Department of Psychiatry, Mbagathi Hospital, Nairobi County, Nairobi, P.O. BOX 20725-00202, Kenya.
| | - Keneilwe Molebatsi
- 0000 0004 0635 5486grid.7621.2Department of Psychiatry, University of Botswana, Private Bag, 00713 Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Anne Obondo
- 0000 0001 2019 0495grid.10604.33Department of Psychiatry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, P.O. BOX 19676-00202 Kenya
| | - Mary W. Kuria
- 0000 0001 2019 0495grid.10604.33Department of Psychiatry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, P.O. BOX 19676-00202 Kenya
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Barr L, Wynaden D, Heslop K. Nurses' attitudes towards the use of PRN psychotropic medications in acute and forensic mental health settings. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2018; 27:168-177. [PMID: 28337845 DOI: 10.1111/inm.12306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Many countries now have national mental health policies and guidelines to decrease or eliminate the use of seclusion and restraint yet the use of Pro Re Nata (PRN) medications has received less practice evaluation. This research aimed to identify mental health nurses' attitudes towards the use of PRN medications with mental health consumers. Participants were working in forensic mental health and non-forensic acute mental health settings. The "Attitudes towards PRN medication use survey" was used and data were collected online. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package Social Sciences, Version 22.0. Practice differences between forensic and other acute mental health settings were identified related to the use of PRN medications to manage symptoms from nicotine, alcohol and other drug withdrawal. Differences related to the useage of comfort rooms and conducting comprehensive assessments of consumers' psychiatric symptoms were also detected. Qualitative findings highlighted the need for increased accountability for the prescribing and administration of PRN medications along with more nursing education/training to use alternative first line interventions. Nurses administering PRN medications should be vigilant regarding the indications for this practice to ensure they are facilitating the consumer's recovery by reducing the use of all forms of potentially restrictive practices in the hospital setting. The reasons for using PRN medications and PRN administration rates must be continually monitored to avoid practices such as high dose antipsychotics use and antipsychotic polypharmacy to ensure the efficacy of the consumers' management plans on their health care outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lesley Barr
- State Forensic Mental Health Services, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Dianne Wynaden
- Nursing and Midwifery, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Karen Heslop
- Nursing and Midwifery, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
|
22
|
Guest Editorial: Innovations in Measurement Within the Field of Addiction and Mental Health. Int J Ment Health Addict 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-013-9453-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
|