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Yang S, Yin R, Wang C, Yang Y, Wang J. Phytotoxicity of zinc oxide nanoparticles and multi-walled carbon nanotubes, alone or in combination, on Arabidopsis thaliana and their mutual effects on oxidative homeostasis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281756. [PMID: 36791126 PMCID: PMC9931106 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The extensive use of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) has raised concerns about their potentially harmful effects on the ecosystem. Despite previous reports of a variety of individual ENPs, the mutual effects of ENPs when used in combination were not well understood. In this study, we first investigated the effects of different sizes and concentrations of ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) or multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on the growth performance of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. Then, two concentrations of ZnO NP (40 and 50 mg/L) with a diameter of 90 nm and MWCNTs (100 and 500 mg/L) with an outer diameter of 40-60 nm were used to evaluate their respective or simultaneous phytotoxicity to Arabidopsis. The results showed that seedlings exposed to either ZnO NPs or MWCNTs exhibited significant phytotoxic symptoms. ZnO NPs caused stronger inhibitory effects than MWCNTs on several plant growth indices, including reduced root length, chlorophyll content, and increased ROS concentration. When applied together, the concurrent effects of ZnO NPs and MWCNTs on Arabidopsis seedlings appeared to be more negative, as evidenced not only by the further deterioration of several growth indices but also by their synergistic or additive regulation of the activities of several antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GR). Moreover, qRT-PCR analysis revealed that in the presence of ZnO NPs and MWCNTs, the expression of genes important for maintaining cellular ROS homeostasis was differentially regulated in shoots and roots of Arabidopsis seedlings. Overall, our data may provide new insights into how plants respond to more than one type of nanomaterial and help us better understand the associated environmental risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohui Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Nankai Area, Tianjin, China
| | - Rong Yin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Nankai Area, Tianjin, China
| | - Chen Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Nankai Area, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongkui Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Nankai Area, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiehua Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Nankai Area, Tianjin, China
- * E-mail:
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2
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Pete AM, Ingle PU, Raut RW, Shende SS, Rai M, Minkina TM, Rajput VD, Kalinitchenko VP, Gade AK. Biogenic Synthesis of Fluorescent Carbon Dots (CDs) and Their Application in Bioimaging of Agricultural Crops. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:209. [PMID: 36616122 PMCID: PMC9824522 DOI: 10.3390/nano13010209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent nanoparticles have a transformative potential for advanced sensors and devices for point-of-need diagnostics and bioimaging, bypassing the technical burden of meeting the assay performance requirements. Carbon dots (CDs) are rapidly emerging carbon-based nanomaterials. Regardless of their fate, they will find increasing applications. In this study, a simple approach for synthesizing CDs from fruit peels was developed. The CDs were fabricated from Annona squamosa (L.) peels using a carbonization technique through microwave-assisted hydrothermal digestion at temperatures around 200 °C. Synthesized CDs were detected using a UV transilluminator for the preliminary confirmation of the presence of fluorescence. UV-Vis spectrophotometry (absorbance at 505 nm) analysis, zeta potential measurement (-20.8 mV), nanoparticles tracking analysis (NTA) (average size: 15.4 nm and mode size: 9.26 nm), photoluminescence, and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis were used to identify the capping functional groups on the CDs. The total quantum yield exhibited was 8.93%, and the field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) showed the size range up to 40 nm. The germinating mung bean (Vigna radiata (L.)) seeds were incubated with biogenically synthesized CDs to check the absorption of CDs by them. The fluorescence was observed under a UV-transilluminator in the growing parts of seeds, indicating the absorption of CDs during the germination, development, and growth. These fluorescent CDs could be used as a bioimaging agent. This novel method of synthesizing CDs was found to be eco-friendly, rapid, and cost-effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay M. Pete
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, Amravati 444602, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pramod U. Ingle
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, Amravati 444602, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rajesh W. Raut
- Department of Botany, The Institute of Science, 15, Madame Cama Road, Mumbai 400032, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sudhir S. Shende
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, Amravati 444602, Maharashtra, India
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Mahendra Rai
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, Amravati 444602, Maharashtra, India
- Department of Microbiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Tatiana M. Minkina
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Vishnu D. Rajput
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | | | - Aniket K. Gade
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, Amravati 444602, Maharashtra, India
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai 400019, Maharashtra, India
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3
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Safdar M, Kim W, Park S, Gwon Y, Kim YO, Kim J. Engineering plants with carbon nanotubes: a sustainable agriculture approach. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:275. [PMID: 35701848 PMCID: PMC9195285 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01483-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Sustainable agriculture is an important conception to meet the growing food demand of the global population. The increased need for adequate and safe food, as well as the ongoing ecological destruction associated with conventional agriculture practices are key global challenges. Nanomaterials are being developed in the agriculture sector to improve the growth and protection of crops. Among the various engineered nanomaterials, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are one of the most promising carbon-based nanomaterials owing to their attractive physiochemical properties such as small size, high surface area, and superior mechanical and thermal strength, offering better opportunities for agriculture sector applications. This review provides basic information about CNTs, including their history; classification; and electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties, with a focus on their applications in the agriculture field. Furthermore, the mechanisms of the uptake and translocation of CNTs in plants and their defense mechanisms against environmental stresses are discussed. Finally, the major shortcomings, threats, and challenges of CNTs are assessed to provide a broad and clear view of the potential and future directions for CNT-based agriculture applications to achieve the goal of sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahpara Safdar
- Department of Convergence Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.,Department of Rural and Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Woochan Kim
- Department of Convergence Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.,Department of Rural and Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunho Park
- Department of Convergence Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.,Department of Rural and Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Yonghyun Gwon
- Department of Convergence Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.,Department of Rural and Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Ok Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jangho Kim
- Department of Convergence Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Rural and Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea. .,Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Petrova N, Paunov M, Petrov P, Velikova V, Goltsev V, Krumova S. Polymer-Modified Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Affect Photosystem II Photochemistry, Intersystem Electron Transport Carriers and Photosystem I End Acceptors in Pea Plants. Molecules 2021; 26:5958. [PMID: 34641502 PMCID: PMC8512794 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) have recently been attracting the attention of plant biologists as a prospective tool for modulation of photosynthesis in higher plants. However, the exact mode of action of SWCNT on the photosynthetic electron transport chain remains unknown. In this work, we examined the effect of foliar application of polymer-grafted SWCNT on the donor side of photosystem II, the intersystem electron transfer chain and the acceptor side of photosystem I. Analysis of the induction curves of chlorophyll fluorescence via JIP test and construction of differential curves revealed that SWCNT concentrations up to 100 mg/L did not affect the photosynthetic electron transport chain. SWCNT concentration of 300 mg/L had no effect on the photosystem II donor side but provoked inactivation of photosystem II reaction centres and slowed down the reduction of the plastoquinone pool and the photosystem I end acceptors. Changes in the modulated reflection at 820 nm, too, indicated slower re-reduction of photosystem I reaction centres in SWCNT-treated leaves. We conclude that SWCNT are likely to be able to divert electrons from the photosynthetic electron transport chain at the level of photosystem I end acceptors and plastoquinone pool in vivo. Further research is needed to unequivocally prove if the observed effects are due to specific interaction between SWCNT and the photosynthetic apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nia Petrova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str., Bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Momchil Paunov
- Faculty of Biology, Sofia University ‘St. Kliment Ohridski’, 8 Dragan Tsankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.P.); (V.G.)
| | - Petar Petrov
- Institute of Polymers, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str., Bl. 103-A, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Violeta Velikova
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str., Bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Vasilij Goltsev
- Faculty of Biology, Sofia University ‘St. Kliment Ohridski’, 8 Dragan Tsankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.P.); (V.G.)
| | - Sashka Krumova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str., Bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
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5
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Yang Z, Deng C, Wu Y, Dai Z, Tang Q, Cheng C, Xu Y, Hu R, Liu C, Chen X, Zhang X, Li A, Xiong X, Su J, Yan A. Insights into the mechanism of multi-walled carbon nanotubes phytotoxicity in Arabidopsis through transcriptome and m6A methylome analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 787:147510. [PMID: 33991908 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
With the increasing production and wide application of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), they are inevitably released into the natural environment and ecosystems, where plants are the main primary producers. Hence, it is imperative to understand the toxic effects of CNTs on plants. The molecular mechanisms underlying the toxic effects of CNTs on plants are still unclear. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the effects of high concentrations of multi-walled CNTs (MWCNTs) on Arabidopsis. Root elongation and leaf development were severely inhibited after MWCNT exposure. Excess production of H2O2, O2-, and malondialdehyde was observed, indicating that MWCNTs induced oxidative stress. The antioxidant system was activated to counter MWCNTs-induced oxidative stress. Combinatorial transcriptome and m6A methylome analysis revealed that MWCNTs suppressed auxin signaling and photosynthesis. Reactive oxygen species metabolism, toxin metabolism, and plant responses to pathogens were enhanced to cope with the phytotoxicity of MWCNTs. Our results provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of CNT phytotoxicity and plant defense responses to CNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zemao Yang
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Canhui Deng
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Yupeng Wu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China; College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Zhigang Dai
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Qing Tang
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Chaohua Cheng
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Rong Hu
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China; Crop Gene Engineering Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Chan Liu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Xiaojun Chen
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Alei Li
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Xinghua Xiong
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China; Crop Gene Engineering Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China.
| | - Jianguang Su
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China.
| | - An Yan
- National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore 637616, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, 117543, Singapore.
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6
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Generation, analysis, and transformation of macro-chloroplast Potato (Solanum tuberosum) lines for chloroplast biotechnology. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21144. [PMID: 33273600 PMCID: PMC7713401 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78237-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chloroplast biotechnology is a route for novel crop metabolic engineering. The potential bio-confinement of transgenes, the high protein expression and the possibility to organize genes into operons represent considerable advantages that make chloroplasts valuable targets in agricultural biotechnology. In the last 3 decades, chloroplast genomes from a few economically important crops have been successfully transformed. The main bottlenecks that prevent efficient transformation in a greater number of crops include the dearth of proven selectable marker gene-selection combinations and tissue culture methods for efficient regeneration of transplastomic plants. The prospects of increasing organelle size are attractive from several perspectives, including an increase in the surface area of potential targets. As a proof-of-concept, we generated Solanum tuberosum (potato) macro-chloroplast lines overexpressing the tubulin-like GTPase protein gene FtsZ1 from Arabidopsis thaliana. Macro-chloroplast lines exhibited delayed growth at anthesis; however, at the time of harvest there was no significant difference in height between macro-chloroplast and wild-type lines. Macro-chloroplasts were successfully transformed by biolistic DNA-delivery and efficiently regenerated into homoplasmic transplastomic lines. We also demonstrated that macro-chloroplasts accumulate the same amount of heterologous protein than wild-type organelles, confirming efficient usage in plastid engineering. Advantages and limitations of using enlarge compartments in chloroplast biotechnology are discussed.
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7
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Lv Z, Jiang R, Chen J, Chen W. Nanoparticle-mediated gene transformation strategies for plant genetic engineering. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 104:880-891. [PMID: 32860436 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Plant genetic engineering, a recent technological advancement in the field of plant science, is an important tool used to improve crop quality and yield, to enhance secondary metabolite content in medicinal plants or to develop crops for sustainable agriculture. A new approach based on nanoparticle-mediated gene transformation can overcome the obstacle of the plant cell wall and accurately transfer DNA or RNA into plants to produce transient or stable transformation. In this review, several nanoparticle-based approaches are discussed, taking into account recent advances and challenges to hint at potential applications of these approaches in transgenic plant improvement programs. This review also highlights challenges in implementing the nanoparticle-based approaches used in plant genetic engineering. A new technology that improves gene transformation efficiency and overcomes difficulties in plant regeneration has been established and will be used for the de novo production of transgenic plants, and CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing has accelerated crop improvement. Therefore, we outline future perspectives based on combinations of genome editing, nanoparticle-mediated gene transformation and de novo regeneration technologies to accelerate crop improvement. The information provided here will assist an effective exploration of the technological advances in plant genetic engineering to support plant breeding and important crop improvement programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongyou Lv
- Research and Development Center of Chinese Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Rui Jiang
- Research and Development Center of Chinese Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Junfeng Chen
- Research and Development Center of Chinese Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Wansheng Chen
- Research and Development Center of Chinese Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
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8
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Khurshid H, Abdu YA, Devlin E, Issa BA, Hadjipanayis GC. Chemically synthesized nanoparticles of iron and iron-carbides. RSC Adv 2020; 10:28958-28964. [PMID: 35520054 PMCID: PMC9055881 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra02996c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we report a one-pot chemical synthesis technique for the preparation of iron and iron-carbide nanoparticles. Mössbauer spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and magnetometry were used as the main tools to identify the different phases of Fe-C present. The influence of experimental parameters on the structural and compositional properties of nanoparticles was investigated in detail. These particles show ferromagnetic behavior with room temperature coercivity higher than 300 Oe. The X-ray diffraction was complemented by Mössbauer spectroscopy and thermo-magnetic analysis. Remarkably, the carbon content in iron-carbide nanoparticles (carbon rich or carbon poor iron-carbides) can be modulated simply by varying the experimental conditions, like the reaction time, temperature and iron precursor concentration. Magnetic properties can be tailored based upon crystallographic structure and particles composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafsa Khurshid
- Department of Applied Physics and Astronomy, University of Sharjah Sharjah UAE
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah Sharjah UAE
- Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Department of Radiology Lebanon NH USA
| | - Yassir A Abdu
- Department of Applied Physics and Astronomy, University of Sharjah Sharjah UAE
| | - Eamonn Devlin
- National Center for Scientific Research, Demokritos Greece
| | - Bashar Afif Issa
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah Sharjah UAE
- Department of Medical Diagnostic Imaging, University of Sharjah Sharjah UAE
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Demirer GS, Zhang H, Goh NS, Pinals RL, Chang R, Landry MP. Carbon nanocarriers deliver siRNA to intact plant cells for efficient gene knockdown. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaaz0495. [PMID: 32637592 PMCID: PMC7314522 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz0495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS) is a powerful tool to understand and control plant metabolic pathways, which is central to plant biotechnology. PTGS is commonly accomplished through delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) into cells. Standard plant siRNA delivery methods (Agrobacterium and viruses) involve coding siRNA into DNA vectors and are only tractable for certain plant species. Here, we develop a nanotube-based platform for direct delivery of siRNA and show high silencing efficiency in intact plant cells. We demonstrate that nanotubes successfully deliver siRNA and silence endogenous genes, owing to effective intracellular delivery and nanotube-induced protection of siRNA from nuclease degradation. This study establishes that nanotubes could enable a myriad of plant biotechnology applications that rely on RNA delivery to intact cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gozde S. Demirer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Huan Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Natalie S. Goh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Rebecca L. Pinals
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Roger Chang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Markita P. Landry
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, QB3, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Innovative Genomics Institute, Berkeley, CA 94702, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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10
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Park S, Choi KS, Kim S, Gwon Y, Kim J. Graphene Oxide-Assisted Promotion of Plant Growth and Stability. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E758. [PMID: 32326526 PMCID: PMC7221628 DOI: 10.3390/nano10040758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The control and promotion of plant and crop growth are important challenges globally. In this study, we have developed a nanomaterial-assisted bionic strategy for accelerating plant growth. Although nanomaterials have been shown to be toxic to plants, we demonstrate herein that graphene oxide can be used as a regulator tool for enhancing plant growth and stability. Graphene oxide was added to the growth medium of Arabidopsis thaliana L. as well as injected into the stem of the watermelon plant. We showed that with an appropriate amount provided, graphene oxide had a positive effect on plant growth in terms of increasing the length of roots, the area of leaves, the number of leaves, and the formation of flower buds. In addition, graphene oxide affected the watermelon ripeness, increasing the perimeter and sugar content of the fruit. We believe that graphene oxide may be used as a strategy for enabling the acceleration of both plant growth and the fruit ripening process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunho Park
- Department of Rural and Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (S.P.); (S.K.); (Y.G.)
| | - Kyoung Soon Choi
- National Research Facilities & Equipment center (NFEC), Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), 169-148, Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34133, Korea;
| | - Sujin Kim
- Department of Rural and Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (S.P.); (S.K.); (Y.G.)
| | - Yonghyun Gwon
- Department of Rural and Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (S.P.); (S.K.); (Y.G.)
| | - Jangho Kim
- Department of Rural and Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (S.P.); (S.K.); (Y.G.)
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11
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Chang X, Song Z, Xu Y, Gao M. Effects of carbon nanotubes on growth of wheat seedlings and Cd uptake. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 240:124931. [PMID: 31561161 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been widely used in many scientific fields including plant sciences due to their unique physical and chemical properties. However, little is known about the toxic effects of CNTs combined with cadmium (Cd) on wheat. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SW) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MW) on the phytotoxicity of Cd in wheat. A hydroponic culture was carried out to study wheat seedling growth in six treatments, namely Cd only (Cd); MW only (MW); SW only (SW); SW combined with Cd (SWCd); MW combined with Cd (MWCd); and a control (neither Cd nor carbon nanotubes). Compared with the Cd, SW/MW alone, CNTsCd treatments induced a reduction in total root length, root surface area, average root diameter, number of root hairs, and the dry weight of shoots and roots, which indicated that wheat growth and development was significantly inhibited. In addition, an obvious decrease in tubulins in the roots was observed. However, SW/MWCd induced a significant increase in glutathione S-transferase and cyochrome P450 in the shoots and roots, which indicated that the defense ability of wheat seedlings had improved, thus alleviating Cd stress. Moreover, Cd content increased significantly in shoot and root tissues with an increase in SW/MW content, compared to the Cd treatment. According to the transmission electron microscopy, CNTs alone destroyed the cell structure, and this devastating phenomenon was deepened after combining Cd and CNTs due to CNTs carrying Cd to attack cells. Compared with MW, SW had a greater effect on wheat seedlings. To conclude, CNTs increase the toxicity of Cd to wheat seedlings. These results are significant as they evaluate indirect phytotoxicity of CNTs for adsorbing heavy metals and plant growth regulators. In view of the widespread exposure of agricultural crops to Cd, the nanotoxicity of CNTs should be seriously considered in relation to food security in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xipeng Chang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Zhengguo Song
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shantou University, No. 243 Daxue Road, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Yalei Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Minling Gao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shantou University, No. 243 Daxue Road, Shantou, 515063, China.
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Chandrasekaran R, Rajiv P, Abd-Elsalam KA. Carbon nanotubes: Plant gene delivery and genome editing. CARBON NANOMATERIALS FOR AGRI-FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS 2020:279-296. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819786-8.00014-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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Fan X, Xu J, Lavoie M, Peijnenburg WJGM, Zhu Y, Lu T, Fu Z, Zhu T, Qian H. Multiwall carbon nanotubes modulate paraquat toxicity in Arabidopsis thaliana. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 233:633-641. [PMID: 29107903 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.10.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes can be either toxic or beneficial to plant growth and can also modulate toxicity of organic contaminants through surface sorption. The complex interacting toxic effects of carbon nanotubes and organic contaminants in plants have received little attention in the literature to date. In this study, the toxicity of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT, 50 mg/L) and paraquat (MV, 0.82 mg/L), separately or in combination, were evaluated at the physiological and the proteomic level in Arabidopsis thaliana for 7-14 days. The results revealed that the exposure to MWCNT had no inhibitory effect on the growth of shoots and leaves. Rather, MWCNT stimulated the relative electron transport rate and the effective photochemical quantum yield of PSII value as compared to the control by around 12% and lateral root production up to nearly 4-fold as compared to the control. The protective effect of MWCNT on MV toxicity on the root surface area could be quantitatively explained by the extent of MV adsorption on MWCNT and was related to stimulation of photosynthesis, antioxidant protection and number and area of lateral roots which in turn helped nutrient assimilation. The influence of MWCNT and MV on photosynthesis and oxidative stress at the physiological level was consistent with the proteomics analysis, with various over-expressed photosynthesis-related proteins (by more than 2 folds) and various under-expressed oxidative stress related proteins (by about 2-3 folds). This study brings new insights into the interactive effects of two xenobiotics (MWCNT and MV) on the physiology of a model plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoji Fan
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Jiahui Xu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Michel Lavoie
- Quebec-Ocean and Takuvik Joint International Research Unit, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - W J G M Peijnenburg
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands; National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Center for Safety of Substances and Products, P.O. Box 1, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Youchao Zhu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Tao Lu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Zhengwei Fu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Tingheng Zhu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Haifeng Qian
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China.
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Zhang H, Yue M, Zheng X, Xie C, Zhou H, Li L. Physiological Effects of Single- and Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes on Rice Seedlings. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2017. [DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2017.2715359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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15
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Hatami M. Toxicity assessment of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on Cucurbita pepo L. under well-watered and water-stressed conditions. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 142:274-283. [PMID: 28433592 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The rapid increase in the production and application of various types of nanomaterials increases the possibility of their presence in total environment, which subsequently raises concerns about their potential threats to the first trophic level of organisms, specifically under varying environmental constraints. In this work, seeds of Cucurbita pepo L. were cultured in MS basal medium exposed to multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) at different concentrations (0, 125, 250, 500 and 1000μgmL-1) under two levels of water potential, well-watered (0MPa) and water stress (-1.5MPa) induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000) for 14 days. Seeds exposed to MWCNTs showed reduction in germination percentage, root and shoot length, biomass accumulation and vigor index in a dose-dependent manner. However, seedlings germinated in MWCNTs-fortified media had significantly lower germination and growth attributes than those of control under water stress conditions. This happened due to increased oxidative injury indices including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, as well as electrolyte leakage index (ELI) of tissues. The impaired morpho-physiological and biochemical processes of seedlings exposed to different concentrations of MWCNTs under both PEG-induced stress and non-stress growing conditions were consequence of changes in the activation of various cellular antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (POD). Taken together, our findings reveal that MWCNTs played negative role on seed germination and subsequent growth of C. pepo L. seedlings under both levels of water potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnaz Hatami
- Department of Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, Arak 38156-8-8349, Iran.
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Hatami M, Hadian J, Ghorbanpour M. Mechanisms underlying toxicity and stimulatory role of single-walled carbon nanotubes in Hyoscyamus niger during drought stress simulated by polyethylene glycol. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2017; 324:306-320. [PMID: 27810325 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.10.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, seeds of Hyoscyamus niger were exposed to different concentrations (50-800μgmL-1) of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) under different levels of drought stress (0.5-1.5MPa) for 14days. Germinated seeds were subsequently allowed to grow in the same culture media for 7 more days to test the further response of the seedlings in terms of biochemical changes to the employed treatments. Seeds subjected to drought showed reduction in germination percentage, vigor and lengths of roots and shoots. However, inclusion of SWCNTs at the two lowest concentrations significantly alleviated the drought stress (up to moderate levels only)-induced reduction in germination and growth attributes. This happened due to increased water uptake, up-regulation of mechanisms involved in starch hydrolysis, and reduction in oxidative injury indices including H2O2, malondialdehyde contents and electrolyte leakage. The improved plant performance under PEG-induced drought stress was a consequence of changes in the expression of various antioxidant enzymes including SOD, POD, CAT, and APX, and also biosynthesis of proteins, phenolics, and specific metabolites such as proline. Results demonstrate that treatment by low concentrations of SWCNTs can induce tolerance in seedlings against low to moderate levels of drought through enhancing water uptake and activating plant defense system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnaz Hatami
- Department of Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, 38156-8-8349, Arak, Iran.
| | - Javad Hadian
- Medicinal Plants and Drug Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Evin, 1483963113 Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansour Ghorbanpour
- Department of Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, 38156-8-8349, Arak, Iran.
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Khazaee M, Ye D, Majumder A, Baraban L, Opitz J, Cuniberti G. Non-covalent modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes: dispersion capabilities and interactions with bacteria. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2016. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/2/5/055008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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18
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Burlaka OM, Pirko YV, Yemets AI, Blume YB. Plant genetic transformation using carbon nanotubes for DNA delivery. CYTOL GENET+ 2015. [DOI: 10.3103/s009545271506002x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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The effect of carbon nanotubes on the seed germination and seedling growth of four vegetable species. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12892-014-0057-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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20
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Wang Q, Zhao S, Zhao Y, Rui Q, Wang D. Toxicity and translocation of graphene oxide in Arabidopsis plants under stress conditions. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra10621k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Aslani F, Bagheri S, Muhd Julkapli N, Juraimi AS, Hashemi FSG, Baghdadi A. Effects of engineered nanomaterials on plants growth: an overview. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:641759. [PMID: 25202734 PMCID: PMC4150468 DOI: 10.1155/2014/641759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid development and wide applications of nanotechnology brought about a significant increment on the number of engineered nanomaterials (ENs) inevitably entering our living system. Plants comprise of a very important living component of the terrestrial ecosystem. Studies on the influence of engineered nanomaterials (carbon and metal/metal oxides based) on plant growth indicated that in the excess content, engineered nanomaterials influences seed germination. It assessed the shoot-to-root ratio and the growth of the seedlings. From the toxicological studies to date, certain types of engineered nanomaterials can be toxic once they are not bound to a substrate or if they are freely circulating in living systems. It is assumed that the different types of engineered nanomaterials affect the different routes, behavior, and the capability of the plants. Furthermore, different, or even opposing conclusions, have been drawn from most studies on the interactions between engineered nanomaterials with plants. Therefore, this paper comprehensively reviews the studies on the different types of engineered nanomaterials and their interactions with different plant species, including the phytotoxicity, uptakes, and translocation of engineered nanomaterials by the plant at the whole plant and cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Aslani
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Samira Bagheri
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Centre (NANOCAT), University Malaya, IPS Building, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Abdul Shukor Juraimi
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Ali Baghdadi
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Exploring the use of biosurfactants from Bacillus subtilis in bionanotechnology: A potential dispersing agent for carbon nanotube ecotoxicological studies. Process Biochem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2014.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Begum P, Fugetsu B. Induction of cell death by graphene in Arabidopsis thaliana (Columbia ecotype) T87 cell suspensions. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2013; 260:1032-41. [PMID: 23892171 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.06.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/22/2013] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity of graphene on suspensions of Arabidopsis thaliana (Columbia ecotype) T87 cells was investigated by examining the morphology, mitochondrial dysfunction, reactive oxygen species generation (ROS), and translocation of graphene as the toxicological endpoints. The cells were grown in Jouanneau and Péaud-Lenoel (JPL) media and exposed to graphene at concentrations 0-80 mg/L. Morphological changes were observed by scanning electron microscope and the adverse effects such as fragmented nuclei, membrane damage, mitochondrial dysfunction was observed with fluorescence microscopy by staining with Hoechst 33342/propidium iodide and succinate dehydrogenase (mitochondrial bioenergetic enzyme). Analysis of intracellular ROS by 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate demonstrated that graphene induced a 3.3-fold increase in ROS, suggesting that ROS are key mediators in the cell death signaling pathway. Transmission electron microscopy verified the translocation of graphene into cells and an endocytosis-like structure was observed which suggested graphene entering into the cells by endocytosis. In conclusion, our results show that graphene induced cell death in T87 cells through mitochondrial damage mediated by ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvin Begum
- Laboratory of Environmental Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan.
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