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Borg AN, Vuts J, Caulfield JC, Withall DM, Foulkes MJ, Birkett MA. Characterisation of aphid antixenosis in aphid-resistant ancestor wheat, Triticum monococcum. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024. [PMID: 39152728 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the increasing presence of insecticide resistance across cereal aphid populations, new aphid management strategies, including the engineering of host resistance to aphids into commercial wheat varieties, are required. Previous studies have identified ancestor wheat, Triticum monococcum accessions MDR045 and MDR049, with resistance against the grain aphid, Sitobion avenae. To test the hypothesis that resistance can be accounted for by antixenosis (reduced attractiveness of host plants) via the release of repellent volatile organic compounds (VOCs), we explored the response of S. avenae to MDR045 and MDR049 following S. avenae herbivory, using behaviour and electrophysiology experiments. RESULTS In four-arm olfactometry assays, alate S. avenae showed aphid density-dependent reduced preference to VOC extracts from T. monococcum MDR045 and MDR049. By contrast, alate S. avenae showed aphid density-dependent increased preference to extracts from aphid-susceptible hexaploid wheat, Triticum aestivum var. Solstice and T. monococcum MDR037. Coupled gas chromatography-electroantennography (GC-EAG), using the antennae of alate S. avenae, located 24 electrophysiologically active compounds across all tested accessions. Synthetic blends created from 21 identified EAG-active compounds confirmed bioactivity of corresponding VOC extracts in four-arm olfactometry assays against alate S. avenae. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that resistance of T. monococcum MDR045 and MDR049 to S. avenae can be at least partially accounted for by antixenosis through antennal perception of specific repellent VOC blends induced by S. avenae feeding behaviour. © 2024 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N Borg
- Protecting Crops and the Environment, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Loughborough, UK
| | - József Vuts
- Protecting Crops and the Environment, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
| | - John C Caulfield
- Protecting Crops and the Environment, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
| | - David M Withall
- Protecting Crops and the Environment, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
| | - M John Foulkes
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Loughborough, UK
| | - Michael A Birkett
- Protecting Crops and the Environment, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
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Shrestha K, Huang J, Yan L, Doust AN, Huang Y. Integrated transcriptomic and pathway analyses of sorghum plants revealed the molecular mechanisms of host defense against aphids. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1324085. [PMID: 38903420 PMCID: PMC11187118 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1324085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Sugarcane aphid has emerged as a major pest of sorghum recently, and a few sorghum accessions were identified for resistance to this aphid so far. However, the molecular and genetic mechanisms underlying this resistance are still unclear. To understand these mechanisms, transcriptomics was conducted in resistant Tx2783 and susceptible BTx623 sorghum genotypes infested with sugarcane aphids. A principal component analysis revealed differences in the transcriptomic profiles of the two genotypes. The pathway analysis of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) indicated the upregulation of a set of genes related to signal perception (nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat proteins), signal transduction [mitogen-activated protein kinases signaling, salicylic acid (SA), and jasmonic acid (JA)], and plant defense (transcription factors, flavonoids, and terpenoids). The upregulation of the selected DEGs was verified by real-time quantitative PCR data analysis, performed on the resistant and susceptible genotypes. A phytohormone bioassay experiment showed a decrease in aphid population, plant mortality, and damage in the susceptible genotype when treated with JA and SA. Together, the results indicate that the set of genes, pathways, and defense compounds is involved in host plant resistance to aphids. These findings shed light on the specific role of each DEG, thus advancing our understanding of the genetic and molecular mechanisms of host plant resistance to aphids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Shrestha
- Department of Plant Biology, Ecology and Evolution, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Liuling Yan
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Andrew N. Doust
- Department of Plant Biology, Ecology and Evolution, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Yinghua Huang
- Department of Plant Biology, Ecology and Evolution, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
- Plant Science Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Stillwater, OK, United States
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Rumyantsev SD, Alekseev VY, Sorokan AV, Burkhanova GF, Cherepanova EA, Maksimov IV, Veselova SV. Search for biocontrol agents among endophytic lipopeptide-synthesizing bacteria Bacillus spp. to protect wheat plants against Greenbug aphid (Schizaphis graminum). Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2024; 28:276-287. [PMID: 38952706 PMCID: PMC11214898 DOI: 10.18699/vjgb-24-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Beneficial endophytic bacteria can suppress the development of insect pests through direct antagonism, with the help of metabolites, or indirectly by the induction of systemic resistance through the regulation of hormonal signaling pathways. Lipopeptides are bacterial metabolites that exhibit direct antagonistic activity against many organisms, including insects. Also, lipopeptides are able to trigger induced systemic resistance (ISR) in plants against harmful organisms, but the physiological mechanisms of their action are just beginning to be studied. In this work, we studied ten strains of bacteria isolated from the tissues of wheat and potatoes. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene showed that all isolates belong to the genus Bacillus and to two species, B. subtilis and B. velezensis. The genes for lipopeptide synthetase - surfactin synthetase (Bs_srf ), iturin synthetase (Bs_ituA, Bs_ituB) and fengycin synthetase (Bs_fenD) - were identified in all bacterial isolates using PCR. All strains had high aphicidal activity against the Greenbug aphid (Schizaphis graminum Rond.) due to the synthesis of lipopeptides, which was proven using lipopeptide-rich fractions (LRFs) isolated from the strains. Endophytic lipopeptide-synthesizing strains of Bacillus spp. indirectly affected the viability of aphids, the endurance of plants against aphids and triggered ISR in plants, which manifested itself in the regulation of oxidative metabolism and the accumulation of transcripts of the Pr1, Pr2, Pr3, Pr6 and Pr9 genes due to the synthesis of lipopeptides, which was proven using LRF isolated from three strains: B. subtilis 26D, B. subtilis 11VM, and B. thuringiensis B-6066. We have for the first time demonstrated the aphicidal effect of fengycin and the ability of the fengycin-synthesizing strains and isolates, B. subtilis Ttl2, Bacillus sp. Stl7 and B. thuringiensis B-6066, to regulate components of the pro-/antioxidant system of aphid-infested plants. In addition, this work is the first to demonstrate an elicitor role of fengycin in triggering a systemic resistance to S. graminum in wheat plants. We have discovered new promising strains and isolates of endophytes of the genus Bacillus, which may be included in the composition of new biocontrol agents against aphids. One of the criteria for searching for new bacteria active against phloem-feeding insects can be the presence of lipopeptide synthetase genes in the bacterial genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Rumyantsev
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia
| | - V Y Alekseev
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia
| | - A V Sorokan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia
| | - G F Burkhanova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia
| | - E A Cherepanova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia
| | - I V Maksimov
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia
| | - S V Veselova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia
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Ahmad A, von Dohlen C, Ren Z. A chromosome-level genome assembly of the Rhus gall aphid Schlechtendalia chinensis provides insight into the endogenization of Parvovirus-like DNA sequences. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:16. [PMID: 38166596 PMCID: PMC10759679 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09916-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The Rhus gall aphid, Schlechtendalia chinensis, feeds on its primary host plant Rhus chinensis to induce galls, which have economic importance in medicines and the food industry. Rhus gall aphids have a unique life cycle and are economically beneficial but there is huge gap in genomic information about this group of aphids. Schlechtendalia chinensis induces rich-tannin galls on its host plant and is emerging as a model organism for both commercial applications and applied research in the context of gall production by insects. Here, we generated a high-quality chromosome-level assembly for the S. chinensis genome, enabling the comparison between S. chinensis and non-galling aphids. The final genome assembly is 344.59 Mb with 91.71% of the assembled sequences anchored into 13 chromosomes. We predicted 15,013 genes, of which 14,582 (97.13%) coding genes were annotated, and 99% of the predicted genes were anchored to the 13 chromosomes. This assembly reveals the endogenization of parvovirus-related DNA sequences (PRDs) in the S. chinensis genome, which could play a role in environmental adaptations. We demonstrated the characterization and classification of cytochrome P450s in the genome assembly, which are functionally crucial for sap-feeding insects and have roles in detoxification and insecticide resistance. This genome assembly also revealed the whole genome duplication events in S. chinensis, which can be considered in comparative evolutionary analysis. Our work represents a reference genome for gall-forming aphids that could be used for comparative genomic studies between galling and non-galling aphids and provides the first insight into the endogenization of PRDs in the genome of galling aphids. It also provides novel genetic information for future research on gall-formation and insect-plant interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aftab Ahmad
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Carol von Dohlen
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America
| | - Zhumei Ren
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
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Rumyantsev SD, Veselova SV, Burkhanova GF, Alekseev VY, Maksimov IV. Bacillus subtilis 26D Triggers Induced Systemic Resistance against Rhopalosiphum padi L. by Regulating the Expression of Genes AGO, DCL and microRNA in Bread Spring Wheat. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2983. [PMID: 38138127 PMCID: PMC10745712 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11122983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis 26D is a plant growth-promoting endophytic bacteria capable of inducing systemic resistance through the priming mechanism, which includes plant genome reprogramming and the phenomenon of RNA interference (RNAi) and microRNA (miRNAs). The phloem-feeding insect bird cherry-oat aphid Rhopalosiphum padi L. is a serious pest that causes significant damage to crops throughout the world. However, the function of plant miRNAs in the response to aphid infestation remains unclear. The results of this work showed that B. subtilis 26D stimulated aphid resistance in wheat plants, inducing the expression of genes of hormonal signaling pathways ICS, WRKY13, PR1, ACS, EIN3, PR3, and ABI5. In addition, B. subtilis 26D activated the RNAi mechanism and regulated the expression of nine conserved miRNAs through activation of the ethylene, salicylic acid (SA), and abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathways, which was demonstrated by using treatments with phytohormones. Treatment of plants with SA, ethylene, and ABA acted in a similar manner to B. subtilis 26D on induction of the expression of the AGO4, AGO5 and DCL2, DCL4 genes, as well as the expression of nine conserved miRNAs. Different patterns of miRNA expression were found in aphid-infested plants and in plants treated with B. subtilis 26D or SA, ethylene, and ABA and infested by aphids, suggesting that miRNAs play multiple roles in the plant response to phloem-feeding insects, associated with effects on hormonal signaling pathways, redox metabolism, and the synthesis of secondary metabolites. Our study provides new data to further elucidate the fine mechanisms of bacterial-induced priming. However, further extensive work is needed to fully unravel these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Svetlana V. Veselova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Oktyabrya, 71, 450054 Ufa, Russia; (S.D.R.); (G.F.B.); (V.Y.A.); (I.V.M.)
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6
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Quijano-Medina T, Interian-Aguiñaga J, Solís-Rodríguez U, Mamin M, Clancy M, Ye W, Bustos-Segura C, Francisco M, Ramos-Zapata JA, Turlings TCJ, Moreira X, Abdala-Roberts L. Aphid and caterpillar feeding drive similar patterns of induced defences and resistance to subsequent herbivory in wild cotton. PLANTA 2023; 258:113. [PMID: 37938392 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04266-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Our results indicate caterpillars and aphids cause similar levels of induced defences and resistance against caterpillars in wild cotton plants. These symmetrical effects are not consistent with patterns predicted by plant defensive signaling crosstalk and call for further work addressing the biochemical mechanisms underpinning these results. Plant-induced responses to attack often mediate interactions between different species of insect herbivores. These effects are predicted to be contingent on the herbivore's feeding guild, whereby prior feeding by insects should negatively impact subsequent feeding by insects of the same guild (induced resistance) but may positively influence insects of a different guild (induced susceptibility) due to interfering crosstalk between plant biochemical pathways specific to each feeding guild. We compared the effects of prior feeding by leaf-chewing caterpillars (Spodoptera frugiperda) vs. sap-sucking aphids (Aphis gossypii) on induced defences in wild cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) and the consequences of these attacks on subsequently feeding caterpillars (S. frugiperda). To this end, we conducted a greenhouse experiment where cotton plants were either left undamaged or first exposed to caterpillar or aphid feeding, and we subsequently placed caterpillars on the plants to assess their performance. We also collected leaves to assess the induction of chemical defences in response to herbivory. We found that prior feeding by both aphids and caterpillars resulted in reductions in consumed leaf area, caterpillar mass gain, and caterpillar survival compared with control plants. Concomitantly, prior aphid and caterpillar herbivory caused similar increases in phenolic compounds (flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acids) and defensive terpenoids (hemigossypolone) compared with control plants. Overall, these findings indicate that these insects confer a similar mode and level of induced resistance in wild cotton plants, calling for further work addressing the biochemical mechanisms underpinning these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Quijano-Medina
- Departamento de Ecología Tropical, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Apartado Postal 4-116 Itzimná, Mérida, 97000, Yucatán, México
| | - Jonathan Interian-Aguiñaga
- Departamento de Ecología Tropical, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Apartado Postal 4-116 Itzimná, Mérida, 97000, Yucatán, México
| | - Uriel Solís-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Ecología Tropical, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Apartado Postal 4-116 Itzimná, Mérida, 97000, Yucatán, México
| | - Marine Mamin
- Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology (FARCE Lab), Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Mary Clancy
- Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology (FARCE Lab), Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Wenfeng Ye
- Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology (FARCE Lab), Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Carlos Bustos-Segura
- Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology (FARCE Lab), Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Marta Francisco
- Misión Biológica de Galicia (MBG-CSIC), Apdo 28, 36080, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - José A Ramos-Zapata
- Departamento de Ecología Tropical, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Apartado Postal 4-116 Itzimná, Mérida, 97000, Yucatán, México
| | - Ted C J Turlings
- Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology (FARCE Lab), Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Xoaquín Moreira
- Misión Biológica de Galicia (MBG-CSIC), Apdo 28, 36080, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Luis Abdala-Roberts
- Departamento de Ecología Tropical, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Apartado Postal 4-116 Itzimná, Mérida, 97000, Yucatán, México.
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Krieger C, Halter D, Baltenweck R, Cognat V, Boissinot S, Maia-Grondard A, Erdinger M, Bogaert F, Pichon E, Hugueney P, Brault V, Ziegler-Graff V. An Aphid-Transmitted Virus Reduces the Host Plant Response to Its Vector to Promote Its Transmission. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2023; 113:1745-1760. [PMID: 37885045 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-12-22-0454-fi] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The success of virus transmission by vectors relies on intricate trophic interactions between three partners, the host plant, the virus, and the vector. Despite numerous studies that showed the capacity of plant viruses to manipulate their host plant to their benefit, and potentially of their transmission, the molecular mechanisms sustaining this phenomenon has not yet been extensively analyzed at the molecular level. In this study, we focused on the deregulations induced in Arabidopsis thaliana by an aphid vector that were alleviated when the plants were infected with turnip yellows virus (TuYV), a polerovirus strictly transmitted by aphids in a circulative and nonpropagative mode. By setting up an experimental design mimicking the natural conditions of virus transmission, we analyzed the deregulations in plants infected with TuYV and infested with aphids by a dual transcriptomic and metabolomic approach. We observed that the virus infection alleviated most of the gene deregulations induced by the aphids in a noninfected plant at both time points analyzed (6 and 72 h) with a more pronounced effect at the later time point of infestation. The metabolic composition of the infected and infested plants was altered in a way that could be beneficial for the vector and the virus transmission. Importantly, these substantial modifications observed in infected and infested plants correlated with a higher TuYV transmission efficiency. This study revealed the capacity of TuYV to alter the plant nutritive content and the defense reaction against the aphid vector to promote the viral transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célia Krieger
- Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - David Halter
- INRAE, Université de Strasbourg, SVQV UMR1131, 68000 Colmar, France
| | | | - Valérie Cognat
- Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | | | | | - Monique Erdinger
- INRAE, Université de Strasbourg, SVQV UMR1131, 68000 Colmar, France
| | - Florent Bogaert
- INRAE, Université de Strasbourg, SVQV UMR1131, 68000 Colmar, France
| | - Elodie Pichon
- INRAE, Université de Strasbourg, SVQV UMR1131, 68000 Colmar, France
| | | | - Véronique Brault
- INRAE, Université de Strasbourg, SVQV UMR1131, 68000 Colmar, France
| | - Véronique Ziegler-Graff
- Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
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Dehghan A, Rounagh-Ardakani H, Mohammadzadeh A, Mohammadzadeh M, Mohammadzadeh M, Borzoui E. Induction of resistance, enzyme activity, and phytochemicals in canola plants treated with abscisic acid elevated based on nutrient availability: a case study on Brevicoryne brassicae L. (Hemiptera: Aphididae). JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2023; 23:17. [PMID: 37339102 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iead037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
The cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae L. (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is one of the important pests of cruciferous plants throughout the world including Iran. In the present study, we grew cultivated canola plants under different fertilizers or distilled water and sprayed them with 100 µM abscisic acid (ABA) or a control solution (NaOH dissolved in water) to study (i) the antibiosis parameters of B. brassicae on these plants; (ii) the antixenosis of B. brassicae adults on these plants; (iii) the plant's peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity; and (iv) the plant's total phenolic and glucosinolate content. The results of antibiosis experiments showed that ABA and fertilizers have a profound and negative effect on the performance of B. brassicae. In the antixenosis experiment, control plants attracted a significantly higher number of adult females in comparison to treated plants. Also, B. brassicae had lower performance and preference when they were reared on the ABA-treated fertilized plants with higher levels of phenolic and glucosinolate content. These results prompted us to hypothesize that fertilizers enable canola plants to trigger a higher level of secondary metabolites. Our findings reveal that the type and level of nutrient availability may have different impacts on how the plant regulates its defense mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azita Dehghan
- Department of Agriculture, Bam Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bam, Iran
| | | | - Ali Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mohammadzadeh
- Physiology and Pharmacology Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | | | - Ehsan Borzoui
- Department of Plant Protection, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
- AriaShimi Co, Tehran, Iran
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Tao T, Wang Z, Mao R, Hussain M, Arthurs SP, Ye F, An X, Gao J. Vermicompost Amendments Disrupt Feeding Behavior of Diaphorina citri Kuwayama and Boost Activities of Salicylic Acid and Jasmonic Acid Pathway-Related Enzymes in Citrus. INSECTS 2023; 14:insects14050410. [PMID: 37233038 DOI: 10.3390/insects14050410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Plants grown with vermicompost amendments are known to be harmful to sap-sucking insects, but the underlying mechanism remains to be determined. Here we investigated the feeding behavior of Diaphorina citri Kuwayama on Citrus limon (L.) Burm. F using the electrical penetration graph technique. Plants were grown in soil with different vermicompost rates (0%, 20%, 40%, and 60% w/w). Additionally, plants were tested for the activity of salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) pathway-related enzymes. When compared to the control, vermicompost treatments (40% and 60%) decreased duration of phloem sap feeding and increased duration of the pathway phase of D. citri, and the 60% vermicompost made it more difficult for D. citri to reach and gain access to phloem sap. Enzymatic assays indicated that the 40% amendment rate increased phenylalanine ammonia lyase (involved in the SA pathway) and polyphenol oxidase (involved in the JA pathway), while the 60% amendment rate increased -1,3-glucanases (involved in the SA pathway) and lipoxygenase (involved in the JA pathway). The 20% amendment rate had no effect on feeding or enzyme activities. This study revealed that vermicompost amendments can reduce the efficiency of D. citri feeding, which may result from increased plant resistance via the SA and JA pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonglai Tao
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Mineral Oil Pesticides, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Zhaohong Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Mineral Oil Pesticides, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Runqian Mao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Mineral Oil Pesticides, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Mubasher Hussain
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Mineral Oil Pesticides, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | | | - Fengxian Ye
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Mineral Oil Pesticides, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Xincheng An
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Mineral Oil Pesticides, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Mineral Oil Pesticides, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510260, China
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Gao J, Tao T, Arthurs SP, Ye F, An X, Hussain M, Mao R. Plant jasmonic acid mediated contrasting effects of two citrus aphid species on Diaphorina citri Kuwayama. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:811-820. [PMID: 36264110 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herbivores may influence each other directly and through plant mediated inter-specific interactions. The Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri Kuwayama) and citrus aphids are key pests that can co-exist on citrus, but their plant-mediated interaction between them is unknown. Here we investigated plant-mediated effect of two citrus aphid species, the polyphagous Aphis spiraecola Patch and the oligophagous Aphis (Toxoptera) citricidus (Kirkaldy) on the feeding behavior and reproduction of Diaphorina citri, and explored the underlying mechanisms. RESULTS In comparison with those on aphid free plants, Diaphorina citri had decreased reproduction and reduced phloem feeding on Aphis spiraecola pre-infested plants, while the reproduction and feeding efficiency were increased on Aphis citricidus pre-infested plants. Jasmonic acid (JA) dependent defense was significantly activated by Diaphorina citri feeding on Aphis spiraecola pre-infested plants, but was suppressed by Diaphorina citri feeding on Aphis citricidus pre-infested plants compared with that on aphid free plant. By contrast, only one tested marker gene in salicylic acid (SA) signaling was activated by Diaphorina citri feeding on Aphis spiraecola pre-infested plants. Furthermore, exogenous application of methyl jasmonate, but not SA, conferred resistance against Diaphorina citri in our citrus trials. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that pre-infestation by two citrus aphid species differentially altered Diaphorina citri induced citrus JA dependent defense, which resulted in different effect on subsequent Diaphorina citri performance. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Mineral Oil Pesticides, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - TongLai Tao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Mineral Oil Pesticides, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Fengxian Ye
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Mineral Oil Pesticides, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xincheng An
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Mineral Oil Pesticides, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mubasher Hussain
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Mineral Oil Pesticides, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Runqian Mao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Mineral Oil Pesticides, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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11
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Shih PY, Sugio A, Simon JC. Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Host Plant Specificity in Aphids. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 68:431-450. [PMID: 36228134 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-120220-020526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Aphids are serious pests of agricultural and ornamental plants and important model systems for hemipteran-plant interactions. The long evolutionary history of aphids with their host plants has resulted in a variety of systems that provide insight into the different adaptation strategies of aphids to plants and vice versa. In the past, various plant-aphid interactions have been documented, but lack of functional tools has limited molecular studies on the mechanisms of plant-aphid interactions. Recent technological advances have begun to reveal plant-aphid interactions at the molecular level and to increase our knowledge of the mechanisms of aphid adaptation or specialization to different host plants. In this article, we compile and analyze available information on plant-aphid interactions, discuss the limitations of current knowledge, and argue for new research directions. We advocate for more work that takes advantage of natural systems and recently established molecular techniques to obtain a comprehensive view of plant-aphid interaction mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Yuan Shih
- INRAE (National Institute of Agriculture, Food and Environment), UMR IGEPP, Le Rheu, France; , ,
| | - Akiko Sugio
- INRAE (National Institute of Agriculture, Food and Environment), UMR IGEPP, Le Rheu, France; , ,
| | - Jean-Christophe Simon
- INRAE (National Institute of Agriculture, Food and Environment), UMR IGEPP, Le Rheu, France; , ,
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12
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Jasrotia P, Sharma S, Nagpal M, Kamboj D, Kashyap PL, Kumar S, Mishra CN, Kumar S, Singh GP. Comparative transcriptome analysis of wheat in response to corn leaf aphid, Rhopalosiphum maidis F. infestation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:989365. [PMID: 36507434 PMCID: PMC9730506 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.989365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Aphids are one of the most important insect pests of wheat crop in all wheat growing regions of the world. Amongst various aphid species, the corn leaf aphid (Rhopalosiphum maidis F.) is considered one of the most destructive insect pests of wheat in the North Western Plains region of India. Transcriptome profiling of highly susceptible wheat Triticum durum genotype, A-9-30-1 and tolerant wheat Triticum aestivum genotype, HD2967 was performed to investigate aphid-host interactions. The results obtained from differential gene expression analysis of R. maidis on the highly susceptible genotype, A-9-30-1 plants, when compared with the tolerant genotype, HD2967, showed that 212 genes were significantly upregulated and 1009 genes were significantly downregulated. Our findings demonstrated that the genes associated with defense were significantly higher in response to R. maidis on HD2967 as compared to A-9-30-1. Additionally, various genes with physiological attributes were expressed during aphid attack. Based on gene ontology classification, three classifications, such as, cellular components (CC), molecular function (MF), and biological processes (BP) of sequences were identified. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that twenty-five pathway genes were differentially expressed during the infestation of wheat with R. maidis. Notable changes were observed in A-9-30-1 and HD2967 transcriptomic profiling after infestation. The results obtained in the present study will help to elucidate the mechanism governing host-pest interaction and may lead to the development of new methods for increasing the resistance level of wheat against R. maidis, including over-expression of defense-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Jasrotia
- Division of Crop Protection, ICAR- Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Samriti Sharma
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR- Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Mohini Nagpal
- Division of Crop Protection, ICAR- Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Disha Kamboj
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR- Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Prem Lal Kashyap
- Division of Crop Protection, ICAR- Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Satish Kumar
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR- Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Chandra Nath Mishra
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR- Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Sudheer Kumar
- Division of Crop Protection, ICAR- Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Gyanendra Pratap Singh
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR- Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana, India
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13
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Huang J, Shrestha K, Huang Y. Revealing Differential Expression of Phytohormones in Sorghum in Response to Aphid Attack Using the Metabolomics Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213782. [PMID: 36430259 PMCID: PMC9699302 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) is an important multipurpose crop grown worldwide, but like many other crops, it is often threatened by insect pests. Sugarcane aphid (SCA, Melanaphis sacchari Zehntner), for example, is one of the most severe pests in sorghum, which causes plant damage and yield loss. The main objective of this study was to assess the effect of phytohormones on host plant resistance to aphid attack. Two sorghum genotypes, BTx623 (susceptible) and Tx2783 (resistant), were selected for a comparative analysis of differential expression of a group of phytohormones in response to aphid infestation. The quantification of phytohormones through LC-MS demonstrated higher levels of jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA), abscisic acid (ABA), and auxins in the resistant genotype infested with SCA. The PCA plot supports the strong differential responses between resistant and susceptible genotypes, indicating a positive correlation between JA and ABA and a negative correlation between SA and auxins. Similarly, RT-PCR results of the phytohormones-related marker genes showed higher expression in the resistant genotype compared to the susceptible one. Furthermore, to corroborate the role of phytohormones in plant defense, the susceptible genotype was treated with SA, JA, and ABA. The exogenous application of SA and JA + ABA significantly reduced plant mortality, aphid number, and damage in the susceptible genotype, suggesting a strong correlation between phytohormones and plant survival. Our findings indicate that phytohormones play positive roles in plant defense against aphids and provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms operating in plants for self-protection. These findings could also stimulate further research into the mystery about the regulation of phytohormone production during plant interaction with aphids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Huang
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Kumar Shrestha
- Department of Plant Biology, Ecology and Evolution, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Yinghua Huang
- Department of Plant Biology, Ecology and Evolution, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
- USDA-ARS Plant Science Research Laboratory, 1301N Western Road, Stillwater, OK 74075, USA
- Correspondence:
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14
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Sanchez-Mahecha O, Klink S, Heinen R, Rothballer M, Zytynska S. Impaired microbial N-acyl homoserine lactone signalling increases plant resistance to aphids across variable abiotic and biotic environments. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:3052-3069. [PMID: 35852014 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Beneficial bacteria interact with plants using signalling molecules, such as N-acyl homoserine-lactones (AHLs). Although there is evidence that these molecules affect plant responses to pathogens, few studies have examined their effect on plant-insect and microbiome interactions, especially under variable soil conditions. We investigated the effect of the AHL-producing rhizobacterium Acidovorax radicis and its AHL-negative mutant (does not produce AHLs) on modulating barley (Hordeum vulgare) plant interactions with cereal aphids (Sitobion avenae) and earthworms (Dendrobaena veneta) across variable nutrient soils. Acidovorax radicis inoculation increased plant growth and suppressed aphids, with stronger effects by the AHL-negative mutant. However, effects varied between barley cultivars and the presence of earthworms altered interaction outcomes. Bacteria-induced plant defences differed between cultivars, and aphid exposure, with pathogenesis-related and WRKY pathways partly explaining the ecological effects in the more resistant cultivars. Additionally, we observed few but specific indirect effects via the wider root microbiome where the AHL-mutant strain influenced rare OTU abundances. We conclude that bacterial AHL-signalling disruption affects plant-microbial interactions by inducing different plant pathways, leading to increased insect resistance, also mediated by the surrounding biotic and abiotic environment. Understanding the mechanisms by which beneficial bacteria can reduce insect pests is a key research area for developing effective insect pest management strategies in sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriana Sanchez-Mahecha
- Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technical University of Munich, Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Freising, Germany
| | - Sophia Klink
- Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Institute of Network Biology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Robin Heinen
- Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technical University of Munich, Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Freising, Germany
| | - Michael Rothballer
- Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Institute of Network Biology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sharon Zytynska
- Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technical University of Munich, Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Freising, Germany
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Behaviour, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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15
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van Dijk LJA, Regazzoni EDE, Albrectsen BR, Ehrlén J, Abdelfattah A, Stenlund H, Pawlowski K, Tack AJM. Single, but not dual, attack by a biotrophic pathogen and a sap-sucking insect affects the oak leaf metabolome. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:897186. [PMID: 35991442 PMCID: PMC9381920 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.897186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plants interact with a multitude of microorganisms and insects, both below- and above ground, which might influence plant metabolism. Despite this, we lack knowledge of the impact of natural soil communities and multiple aboveground attackers on the metabolic responses of plants, and whether plant metabolic responses to single attack can predict responses to dual attack. We used untargeted metabolic fingerprinting (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, GC-MS) on leaves of the pedunculate oak, Quercus robur, to assess the metabolic response to different soil microbiomes and aboveground single and dual attack by oak powdery mildew (Erysiphe alphitoides) and the common oak aphid (Tuberculatus annulatus). Distinct soil microbiomes were not associated with differences in the metabolic profile of oak seedling leaves. Single attacks by aphids or mildew had pronounced but different effects on the oak leaf metabolome, but we detected no difference between the metabolomes of healthy seedlings and seedlings attacked by both aphids and powdery mildew. Our findings show that aboveground attackers can have species-specific and non-additive effects on the leaf metabolome of oak. The lack of a metabolic signature detected by GC-MS upon dual attack might suggest the existence of a potential negative feedback, and highlights the importance of considering the impacts of multiple attackers to gain mechanistic insights into the ecology and evolution of species interactions and the structure of plant-associated communities, as well as for the development of sustainable strategies to control agricultural pests and diseases and plant breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J. A. van Dijk
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emilia D. E. Regazzoni
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Johan Ehrlén
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ahmed Abdelfattah
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Hans Stenlund
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Katharina Pawlowski
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ayco J. M. Tack
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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16
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Bazinet Q, Tang L, Bede JC. Impact of Future Elevated Carbon Dioxide on C 3 Plant Resistance to Biotic Stresses. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2022; 35:527-539. [PMID: 34889654 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-07-21-0189-fi] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Before the end of the century, atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are predicted to increase to approximately 900 ppm. This will dramatically affect plant physiology and influence environmental interactions and, in particular, plant resistance to biotic stresses. This review is a broad survey of the current research on the effects of elevated CO2 (eCO2) on phytohormone-mediated resistance of C3 agricultural crops and related model species to pathogens and insect herbivores. In general, while plants grown in eCO2 often have increased constitutive and induced salicylic acid levels and suppressed induced jasmonate levels, there are exceptions that implicate other environmental factors, such as light and nitrogen fertilization in modulating these responses. Therefore, this review sets the stage for future studies to delve into understanding the mechanistic basis behind how eCO2 will affect plant defensive phytohormone signaling pathways under future predicted environmental conditions that could threaten global food security to inform the best agricultural management practices.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quinn Bazinet
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Lawrence Tang
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Jacqueline C Bede
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada
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17
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Bera S, Arena GD, Ray S, Flannigan S, Casteel CL. The Potyviral Protein 6K1 Reduces Plant Proteases Activity during Turnip mosaic virus Infection. Viruses 2022; 14:1341. [PMID: 35746814 PMCID: PMC9229136 DOI: 10.3390/v14061341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Potyviral genomes encode just 11 major proteins and multifunctionality is associated with most of these proteins at different stages of the virus infection cycle. Some potyviral proteins modulate phytohormones and protein degradation pathways and have either pro- or anti-viral/insect vector functions. Our previous work demonstrated that the potyviral protein 6K1 has an antagonistic effect on vectors when expressed transiently in host plants, suggesting plant defenses are regulated. However, to our knowledge the mechanisms of how 6K1 alters plant defenses and how 6K1 functions are regulated are still limited. Here we show that the 6K1 from Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) reduces the abundance of transcripts related to jasmonic acid biosynthesis and cysteine protease inhibitors when expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana relative to controls. 6K1 stability increased when cysteine protease activity was inhibited chemically, showing a mechanism to the rapid turnover of 6K1 when expressed in trans. Using RNAseq, qRT-PCR, and enzymatic assays, we demonstrate TuMV reprograms plant protein degradation pathways on the transcriptional level and increases 6K1 stability at later stages in the infection process. Moreover, we show 6K1 decreases plant protease activity in infected plants and increases TuMV accumulation in systemic leaves compared to controls. These results suggest 6K1 has a pro-viral function in addition to the anti-insect vector function we observed previously. Although the host targets of 6K1 and the impacts of 6K1-induced changes in protease activity on insect vectors are still unknown, this study enhances our understanding of the complex interactions occurring between plants, potyviruses, and vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayanta Bera
- School of Plant Science, Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA; (S.B.); (S.R.); (S.F.)
| | - Gabriella D. Arena
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular Aplicada, Instituto Biológico de São Paulo, São Paulo 04014-002, Brazil;
| | - Swayamjit Ray
- School of Plant Science, Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA; (S.B.); (S.R.); (S.F.)
| | - Sydney Flannigan
- School of Plant Science, Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA; (S.B.); (S.R.); (S.F.)
| | - Clare L. Casteel
- School of Plant Science, Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA; (S.B.); (S.R.); (S.F.)
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18
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Leybourne DJ, Valentine TA, Binnie K, Taylor A, Karley AJ, Bos JIB. Drought stress increases the expression of barley defence genes with negative consequences for infesting cereal aphids. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:2238-2250. [PMID: 35090009 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Crops are exposed to myriad abiotic and biotic stressors with negative consequences. Two stressors that are expected to increase under climate change are drought and infestation with herbivorous insects, including important aphid species. Expanding our understanding of the impact drought has on the plant-aphid relationship will become increasingly important under future climate scenarios. Here we use a previously characterized plant-aphid system comprising a susceptible variety of barley, a wild relative of barley with partial aphid resistance, and the bird cherry-oat aphid to examine the drought-plant-aphid relationship. We show that drought has a negative effect on plant physiology and aphid fitness, and provide evidence to suggest that plant resistance influences aphid responses to drought stress. Furthermore, we show that the expression of thionin genes, plant defensive compounds that contribute to aphid resistance, increase in susceptible plants exposed to drought stress but remain at constant levels in the partially resistant plant, suggesting that they play an important role in determining the success of aphid populations. This study highlights the role of plant defensive processes in mediating the interactions between the environment, plants, and herbivorous insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Leybourne
- Division of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, the James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
- Ecological Sciences, the James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Tracy A Valentine
- Ecological Sciences, the James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Kirsty Binnie
- Ecological Sciences, the James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Anna Taylor
- Ecological Sciences, the James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Alison J Karley
- Ecological Sciences, the James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Jorunn I B Bos
- Division of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, the James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
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19
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Shi JH, Liu H, Pham TC, Hu XJ, Liu L, Wang C, Foba CN, Wang SB, Wang MQ. Volatiles and hormones mediated root-knot nematode induced wheat defense response to foliar herbivore aphid. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 815:152840. [PMID: 34995605 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plant root-leaf communication signals are critical for plant defense. Numerous studies show that belowground organisms can alter systemically resistance traits in aboveground parts against herbivores. However, there are limited studies on root-knot nematode-aphid interaction. Moreover, the impact of nematode's initial density and infection time on plant defense is poorly understood. Here we aim to examine the induced defense responses by root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita against aboveground feeding aphid Sitobion avenae in wheat. Further, we investigated the influence of the nematode infection density as well as the length of infection in these interactions. We tested the direct and indirect defense responses triggered by M. incognita against S. avenae as well as how the responses affect the preference of Harmonia axyridis. Plant volatiles and hormones were determined to explore plant defense mechanisms that mediate aboveground-belowground defense. The photosynthetic rate was tested to examine plant tolerance strategy. We found that, both low and high densities M. incognita root infection at 7 days post inoculation (dpi) reduced the feeding of the aphid S. avenae. Behavioral assay showed that H. axyridis preferred plants co-damaged by both M. incognita and S. avenae at 7 dpi. M. incognita infection induced the changes of jasmonic acid, salicylic acid and volatile content, which mediated plant response to S. avenae. Furthermore, photosynthetic rate in wheat increased at 5 dpi under 300 M. incognita or 1000 M. incognita infection. These results suggest that plant roots induced multiple defense strategies against foliar herbivores as damages increased. Our study provides evidence of a complex dynamic response of wheat aboveground defense against aphids in response to belowground nematode damage on a temporal scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hua Shi
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hao Liu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - The Cuong Pham
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xin-Jun Hu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Le Liu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chao Wang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Caroline Ngichop Foba
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shu-Bo Wang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Man-Qun Wang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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20
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Phytohormone Profile of Medicago in Response to Mycorrhizal Fungi, Aphids, and Gibberellic Acid. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11060720. [PMID: 35336602 PMCID: PMC8951282 DOI: 10.3390/plants11060720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Although gibberellic acid (GA) is widely used in agriculture, it is unclear whether exogenous GA makes aphid-infested, mycorrhizal plants more susceptible to herbivory. This study investigates the role of GA in modulating defenses in barrel medic plants (Medicago truncatula) that are infested with pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum) and colonized by the beneficial symbiont Rhizophagus intraradices. Mock- and R. intraradices-inoculated potted plants were grown in a topsoil: sand mix for 42 days and were treated with GA or solvent. Subsequently, plants were exposed to herbivory or no aphid herbivory for 36 h and 7 days. Afterwards, plant growth parameters, aphid fitness, and foliar phytohormone concentrations were measured. The results revealed that GA regulates plant defenses during arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus–plant–aphid interactions as aphids that fed for 7 days on mycorrhizal, GA-untreated plants weighed more than those that fed on mycorrhizal, GA-treated plants. No major differences were detected in phytohormone levels at 36 h. Overall, mycorrhizal plants showed more shoot biomass compared to non-mycorrhizal controls. The arbuscule density and fungal biomass of R. intraradices were not altered by exogenous GA and aphid herbivory based on molecular markers. This study indicates that exogenous GA may help reduce aphid fitness when feeding on mycorrhizal plants.
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21
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Liu X, Liu H, Wang Y, Qian L, Chen F. Elevated CO 2 aggravates invasive thrip damage by altering its host plant nutrient and secondary metabolism. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 295:118736. [PMID: 34953953 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As atmospheric CO2 concentration continues to increase, plants using CO2 as raw materials for photosynthesis will inevitably be affected, which in turn affects the life history and behavior of herbivorous insects. Our previous research has shown increased food intake and aggravated damage of western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis to kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) caused by elevated CO2 (eCO2), however the molecular mechanism of this phenomenon is unclear. In this study, the comparative transcriptome analysis combined with corresponding phenotypic changes were studied to reveal the molecular mechanism of interaction between F. occidentalis and P. vulgaris under eCO2. Inferred from the results, eCO2 had different degrees of inhibition to the defense responses caused by thrips infestation in P. vulgaris leaf sap based on nutrients, plant hormones and secondary metabolites, making P. vulgaris leaves less resistant to thrips under eCO2 compared to ambient CO2 (aCO2). Besides, the contents of glucose, trehalose, triglycerides and free fatty acids in F. occidentalis adults increased significantly after feeding on the P. vulgaris leaf sap with significantly increased soluble sugars content under eCO2, which might lead to glucolipid metabolic disorders and increased food intake of F. occidentalis adults. The results indicated that decreased plant defense of P. vulgaris and increased food intake of F. occidentalis adults were combined to aggravate the thrips damage under eCO2, providing a theoretical basis for future occurrence trend of thrips under eCO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Liu
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yanhui Wang
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Lei Qian
- Institute of Leisure Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Fajun Chen
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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22
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Kmieć K, Kot I, Rubinowska K, Górska-Drabik E, Golan K, Sytykiewicz H. The Variation of Selected Physiological Parameters in Elm Leaves (Ulmus glabra Huds.) Infested by Gall Inducing Aphids. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11030244. [PMID: 35161224 PMCID: PMC8839363 DOI: 10.3390/plants11030244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Three aphid species, Eriosoma ulmi (L.), Colopha compressa (Koch) and Tetraneura ulmi (L.) induce distinct gall morphotypes on Ulmus glabra Huds.; opened and closed galls. Because the trophic relationship of aphids and their galls shows that throughout the gall formation aphids can elicit multiple physiological regulations, we evaluated the changes of hydrogen peroxide content (H2O2), cytoplasmic membrane condition, expressed as electrolyte leakage (EL) and concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), as well as, the activity of catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in gall tissues, as well as, in damaged and undamaged parts of galled leaves. All aphid species increased EL from gall tissues and significantly upregulated APX activity in galls and galled leaves. Alterations in H2O2 and TBARS concentrations, as well as GPX and CAT activities, were aphid- and tissue-dependent. The development of pseudo- and closed galls on elm leaves did not have a clear effect on the direction and intensity of the host plant’s physiological response. The different modes of changes in H2O2, TBARS, CAT and GPX were found in true galls of C. compressa and T. ulmi. Generally, physiological alterations in new plant tissues were quite different compared to other tissues and could be considered beneficial to galling aphids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kmieć
- Department of Plant Protection, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Leszczyńskiego 7, 20-069 Lublin, Poland; (K.K.); (E.G.-D.); (K.G.)
| | - Izabela Kot
- Department of Plant Protection, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Leszczyńskiego 7, 20-069 Lublin, Poland; (K.K.); (E.G.-D.); (K.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Katarzyna Rubinowska
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 15, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Edyta Górska-Drabik
- Department of Plant Protection, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Leszczyńskiego 7, 20-069 Lublin, Poland; (K.K.); (E.G.-D.); (K.G.)
| | - Katarzyna Golan
- Department of Plant Protection, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Leszczyńskiego 7, 20-069 Lublin, Poland; (K.K.); (E.G.-D.); (K.G.)
| | - Hubert Sytykiewicz
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Prusa 12, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland;
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23
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Amiri Domari M, Mansouri SM, Mehrparvar M. Previous herbivory modulates aphid population growth and plant defense responses in a non-model plant, Carthamus tinctorius (Asteraceae). BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2021; 111:1-11. [PMID: 34530947 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485321000456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plants have a variety of defense mechanisms that are often induced following attacks by herbivores; this benefits those plants by decreasing performance or preference of herbivores that attack the plants later. We investigated the effects of previous exposure of plants to the safflower aphid, Uroleucon carthami, cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera, and mechanical wounding on subsequent safflower aphid infestations using commercial safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) cultivars and wild safflower species (C. oxyacantha). The experiments were conducted in a greenhouse with two treatments: previously induced plants via direct herbivory or mechanical wounding, and control plants that had never experienced herbivory. To test the performance of safflower aphid on different plant treatments, five unwinged aphids were placed on each plant and allowed to reproduce for 14 days. Finally, the total numbers of aphids on each plant were counted and the percentage of produced winged individuals was calculated. The number of aphids on plants that were previously infested or injured was significantly lower than in control plants. Percentage of winged aphids was significantly higher on induced plants, which is an indicator for unsuitable conditions. Also, significant increase in total phenolic content and hydrogen peroxide was observed in induced plants, showing that the levels of these compounds were either treatment, cultivar and/or genotype × treatment dependent, highlighting the specificity of these interactions. Overall, among the safflower cultivars the lowest number of aphids and the highest percentage of winged aphid individuals were observed on Mahali-Isfahan cultivar and wild safflower, showing that this cultivar is more sensitive to herbivory and/or responds to it more than other cultivars. These findings could contribute to a better utilization of induced defense in the integrated pest management of safflower fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motahareh Amiri Domari
- Department of Biodiversity, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran
| | - Seyed Mozaffar Mansouri
- Department of Biodiversity, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohsen Mehrparvar
- Department of Biodiversity, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran
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24
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Lin YY, Liu WC, Hsu YT, Hsu CH, Hu CC, Saska P, Skuhrovec J, Tuan SJ. Direct and Knock-on Effects of Water Stress on the Nutrient Contents of Triticum aestivum (Poales: Poaceae) and Population Growth of Rhopalosiphum padi (Hemiptera: Aphididae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 114:1496-1508. [PMID: 33885757 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toab069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To ascertain the direct effects of water stress upon wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L.) and how these effects, in turn, influence the population growth of the bird cherry-oat aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi L.), we conducted a physiological analysis of wheat seedlings grown under three different watering regimes and subsequently determined the population parameters of the aphid using the age-stage, two-sex life table. A significantly higher content of free amino acids and soluble sugars were observed in wheat seedlings exposed to drought stress compared to seedlings that were well-watered and those that were grown under waterlogged conditions. Extended phloem salivation and stylet penetration with shorter duration of sustained ingestion from phloem was observed in an electrical penetration graph (EPG) of R. padi on drought-stressed wheat seedlings. This suggested that the aphid's feeding activity, as well as nutrient intake, were impeded. The significantly higher percentage of essential amino acids found in wheat seedlings grown under waterlogged conditions promoted significantly higher fecundity and intrinsic rate of increase in R. padi populations compared to aphids fed on drought-treated or well-watered wheat seedlings. Our findings suggest that wheat seedling responses to water stress involve changes in sap composition that are responsible for altering the aphids' nutrient intake and consequently affect their population growth. From a grower's perspective, extending wheat cultivation in a rice-wheat rotation paddy field during the winter season may not be economically profitable if the fields are chronically waterlogged, since this may potentially lead to a higher infestation of cereal aphids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ying Lin
- Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wei-Cheng Liu
- Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yi-Ting Hsu
- Department of Agronomy, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ching-Hsin Hsu
- Department of Agronomy, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chi-Chieh Hu
- Kaohsiung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, Pingtung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Pavel Saska
- Crop Research Institute, Group Functional Diversity of Invertebrates and Plants in Agro-Ecosystems, Drnovská, Prague 6 - Ruzyně, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Skuhrovec
- Crop Research Institute, Group Functional Diversity of Invertebrates and Plants in Agro-Ecosystems, Drnovská, Prague 6 - Ruzyně, Czech Republic
| | - Shu-Jen Tuan
- Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
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25
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Parizad S, Bera S. The effect of organic farming on water reusability, sustainable ecosystem, and food toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021:10.1007/s11356-021-15258-7. [PMID: 34235694 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15258-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Water is a fundamental necessity for people's well-being and the ecosystem's sustainability; however, its toxicity due to agrochemicals usage for food production leads to the deterioration of water quality. The poor water quality diminishes its reusability, thus limiting efficient water usage. Organic farming is one of the best ways that does not only reduce the deterioration of water quality but also decrease food toxicity. In organic farming, the crop is grown with no/less chemical usage. Besides, organic farming maintains biodiversity and reduces the anthropogenic footprint on soil, air, water, wildlife, and especially on the farming communities. Fields that are organically managed continuously for years have fewer pest populations and were attributed to increased biodiversity and abundance of multi-trophic interactions as well as to changes in plant metabolites. Fewer insect pests (pathogen vectors), in turn, would result in fewer crop diseases and increase crop production. This review highlights that organic farming may play a critical role in the reduction of pests and pathogens, which eventually would reduce the need for chemical reagents to protect crops, improving yield quality and water reusability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Parizad
- Department of Research and Development (Plant Probiotics), Nature Biotechnology Company (Biorun), Karaj, Iran.
| | - Sayanta Bera
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
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26
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Di Lelio I, Coppola M, Comite E, Molisso D, Lorito M, Woo SL, Pennacchio F, Rao R, Digilio MC. Temperature Differentially Influences the Capacity of Trichoderma Species to Induce Plant Defense Responses in Tomato Against Insect Pests. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:678830. [PMID: 34177994 PMCID: PMC8221184 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.678830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Species of the ecological opportunistic, avirulent fungus, Trichoderma are widely used in agriculture for their ability to protect crops from the attack of pathogenic fungi and for plant growth promotion activity. Recently, it has been shown that they may also have complementary properties that enhance plant defense barriers against insects. However, the use of these fungi is somewhat undermined by their variable level of biocontrol activity, which is influenced by environmental conditions. Understanding the source of this variability is essential for its profitable and wide use in plant protection. Here, we focus on the impact of temperature on Trichoderma afroharzianum T22, Trichoderma atroviride P1, and the defense response induced in tomato by insects. The in vitro development of these two strains was differentially influenced by temperature, and the observed pattern was consistent with temperature-dependent levels of resistance induced by them in tomato plants against the aphid, Macrosiphum euphorbiae, and the noctuid moth, Spodoptera littoralis. Tomato plants treated with T. afroharzianum T22 exhibited enhanced resistance toward both insect pests at 25°C, while T. atroviride P1 proved to be more effective at 20°C. The comparison of plant transcriptomic profiles generated by the two Trichoderma species allowed the identification of specific defense genes involved in the observed response, and a selected group was used to assess, by real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR), the differential gene expression in Trichoderma-treated tomato plants subjected to the two temperature regimens that significantly affected fungal biological performance. These results will help pave the way toward a rational selection of the most suitable Trichoderma isolates for field applications, in order to best face the challenges imposed by local environmental conditions and by extreme climatic shifts due to global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Di Lelio
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Mariangela Coppola
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Ernesto Comite
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Donata Molisso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Matteo Lorito
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology (BAT Center), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Sheridan Lois Woo
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology (BAT Center), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Pennacchio
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology (BAT Center), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa Rao
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology (BAT Center), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Digilio
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology (BAT Center), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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27
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Dampc J, Mołoń M, Durak T, Durak R. Changes in Aphid-Plant Interactions under Increased Temperature. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:480. [PMID: 34071458 PMCID: PMC8227038 DOI: 10.3390/biology10060480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Thermal stress in living organisms causes an imbalance between the processes of creating and neutralizing reactive oxygen species (ROS). The work aims to explain changes in the aphid-host plant interaction due to an increase in temperature. Tests were carried out at three constant temperatures (20, 25, or 28 °C). Firstly, changes in development of Macrosiphum rosae were determined. Secondly, the activity of enzymatic markers (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), β-glucosidase, polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and peroxidase (POD)) in aphid M. rosae tissues and host plant were analyzed at all temperatures. An increase in temperature to 28 °C had a negative effect on the biology of M. rosae by shortening the period of reproduction and longevity, thus reducing the demographic parameters and fecundity. Two stages of the aphid's defensive response to short-term (24-96 h) and long-term (2 weeks) thermal stress were observed. Aphid defense responses varied considerably with temperature and were highest at 28 °C. In turn, for the plants, which were exposed to both abiotic stress caused by elevated temperature and biotic stress caused by aphid feeding, their enzymatic defense was more effective at 20 °C, when enzyme activities at their highest were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Dampc
- Department of Experimental Biology and Chemistry, University of Rzeszów, Pigonia 1, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Mateusz Mołoń
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Rzeszów, Zelwerowicza 4, 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Durak
- Department of Plant Physiology and Ecology, University of Rzeszów, Rejtana 16c, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Roma Durak
- Department of Experimental Biology and Chemistry, University of Rzeszów, Pigonia 1, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
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28
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Lu Q, Chen X, Yang Z, Bashir NH, Liu J, Cui Y, Shao S, Chen MS, Chen H. Molecular and Histologic Adaptation of Horned Gall Induced by the Aphid Schlechtendalia chinensis (Pemphigidae). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105166. [PMID: 34068250 PMCID: PMC8153119 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Chinese galls are the result of hyperplasia in host plants induced by aphids. The metabolism and gene expression of these galls are modified to accommodate the aphids. Here, we highlight the molecular and histologic features of horned galls according to transcriptome and anatomical structures. In primary pathways, genes were found to be unevenly shifted and selectively expressed in the galls and leaves near the galls (LNG). Pathways for amino acid synthesis and degradation were also unevenly shifted, favoring enhanced accumulation of essential amino acids in galls for aphids. Although galls enhanced the biosynthesis of glucose, which is directly available to aphids, glucose content in the gall tissues was lower due to the feeding of aphids. Pathways of gall growth were up-regulated to provide enough space for aphids. In addition, the horned gall has specialized branched schizogenous ducts and expanded xylem in the stalk, which provide a broader feeding surface for aphids and improve the efficiency of transportation and nutrient exchange. Notably, the gene expression in the LNG showed a similar pattern to that of the galls, but on a smaller scale. We suppose the aphids manipulate galls to their advantage, and galls lessen competition by functioning as a medium between the aphids and their host plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Lu
- Research Institute of Resource Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming 650224, China; (Q.L.); (X.C.); (Z.Y.); (N.H.B.); (J.L.); (Y.C.); (S.S.)
| | - Xiaoming Chen
- Research Institute of Resource Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming 650224, China; (Q.L.); (X.C.); (Z.Y.); (N.H.B.); (J.L.); (Y.C.); (S.S.)
- The Key Laboratory of Cultivating and Utilization of Resources Insects of State Forestry Administration, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Zixiang Yang
- Research Institute of Resource Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming 650224, China; (Q.L.); (X.C.); (Z.Y.); (N.H.B.); (J.L.); (Y.C.); (S.S.)
| | - Nawaz Haider Bashir
- Research Institute of Resource Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming 650224, China; (Q.L.); (X.C.); (Z.Y.); (N.H.B.); (J.L.); (Y.C.); (S.S.)
| | - Juan Liu
- Research Institute of Resource Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming 650224, China; (Q.L.); (X.C.); (Z.Y.); (N.H.B.); (J.L.); (Y.C.); (S.S.)
| | - Yongzhong Cui
- Research Institute of Resource Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming 650224, China; (Q.L.); (X.C.); (Z.Y.); (N.H.B.); (J.L.); (Y.C.); (S.S.)
| | - Shuxiao Shao
- Research Institute of Resource Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming 650224, China; (Q.L.); (X.C.); (Z.Y.); (N.H.B.); (J.L.); (Y.C.); (S.S.)
| | - Ming-Shun Chen
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, 123 Waters Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA;
| | - Hang Chen
- Research Institute of Resource Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming 650224, China; (Q.L.); (X.C.); (Z.Y.); (N.H.B.); (J.L.); (Y.C.); (S.S.)
- The Key Laboratory of Cultivating and Utilization of Resources Insects of State Forestry Administration, Kunming 650224, China
- Correspondence:
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29
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Rigsby CM, Body MJA, May A, Oppong A, Kostka A, Houseman N, Savage S, Whitney ER, Kinahan IG, Deboef B, Orians CM, Appel HM, Schultz JC, Preisser EL. Impact of chronic stylet-feeder infestation on folivore-induced signaling and defenses in a conifer. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 41:416-427. [PMID: 33094330 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Our understanding of how conifers respond biochemically to multiple simultaneous herbivore attacks is lacking. Eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis; 'hemlock') is fed on by hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae; 'adelgid') and by later-instar gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar; 'gypsy moth') caterpillars. The adelgid is a stylet-feeding insect that causes a salicylic acid (SA)-linked response in hemlock, and gypsy moth larvae are folivores that presumably cause a jasmonic acid (JA)-linked response. This system presents an opportunity to study how invasive herbivore-herbivore interactions mediated through host biochemical responses. We used a factorial field experiment to challenge chronically adelgid-infested hemlocks with gypsy moth caterpillars. We quantified 17 phytohormones, 26 phenolic and terpene metabolites, and proanthocyanidin, cell wall-bound (CW-bound) phenolic, and lignin contents. Foliage infested with adelgid only accumulated gibberellins and SA; foliage challenged by gypsy moth only accumulated JA phytohormones. Gypsy moth folivory on adelgid-infested foliage reduced the accumulation of JA phytohormones and increased the SA levels. Both herbivores increased CW-bound phenolics and gypsy moth increased lignin content when feeding alone but not when feeding on adelgid-infested foliage. Our study illustrates the importance of understanding the biochemical mechanisms and signaling antagonism underlying tree responses to multiple stresses and of disentangling local and systemic stress signaling in trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad M Rigsby
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
- Bartlett Tree Research Laboratories, The Morton Arboretum, 4100 IL-53, Lisle, IL 60532, USA
| | - Mélanie J A Body
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Amelia May
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Anita Oppong
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Amy Kostka
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Nick Houseman
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Suzanne Savage
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Whitney
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Ian G Kinahan
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Brenton Deboef
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Colin M Orians
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Heidi M Appel
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Jack C Schultz
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Evan L Preisser
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
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Florencio-Ortiz V, Sellés-Marchart S, Casas JL. Proteome changes in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) leaves induced by the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae Sulzer). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:12. [PMID: 33407137 PMCID: PMC7788789 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02749-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aphid attack induces defense responses in plants activating several signaling cascades that led to the production of toxic, repellent or antinutritive compounds and the consequent reorganization of the plant primary metabolism. Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) leaf proteomic response against Myzus persicae (Sulzer) has been investigated and analyzed by LC-MS/MS coupled with bioinformatics tools. RESULTS Infestation with an initially low density (20 aphids/plant) of aphids restricted to a single leaf taking advantage of clip cages resulted in 6 differentially expressed proteins relative to control leaves (3 proteins at 2 days post-infestation and 3 proteins at 4 days post-infestation). Conversely, when plants were infested with a high density of infestation (200 aphids/plant) 140 proteins resulted differentially expressed relative to control leaves (97 proteins at 2 days post-infestation, 112 proteins at 4 days post-infestation and 105 proteins at 7 days post-infestation). The majority of proteins altered by aphid attack were involved in photosynthesis and photorespiration, oxidative stress, translation, protein folding and degradation and amino acid metabolism. Other proteins identified were involved in lipid, carbohydrate and hormone metabolism, transcription, transport, energy production and cell organization. However proteins directly involved in defense were scarce and were mostly downregulated in response to aphids. CONCLUSIONS The unexpectedly very low number of regulated proteins found in the experiment with a low aphid density suggests an active mitigation of plant defensive response by aphids or alternatively an aphid strategy to remain undetected by the plant. Under a high density of aphids, pepper leaf proteome however changed significantly revealing nearly all routes of plant primary metabolism being altered. Photosynthesis was so far the process with the highest number of proteins being regulated by the presence of aphids. In general, at short times of infestation (2 days) most of the altered proteins were upregulated. However, at longer times of infestation (7 days) the protein downregulation prevailed. Proteins involved in plant defense and in hormone signaling were scarce and mostly downregulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Florencio-Ortiz
- Unidad Asociada CSIC-UA IPAB. Instituto Universitario de Investigación CIBIO (Centro Iberoamericano de la Biodiversidad), University of Alicante, Carretera de San Vicente del Raspeig, s/n, E-03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain.
| | - Susana Sellés-Marchart
- Genomics and Proteomics Unit, Servicios Técnicos de Investigación, University of Alicante, Carretera de San Vicente del Raspeig, s/n, E-03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
| | - José L Casas
- Unidad Asociada CSIC-UA IPAB. Instituto Universitario de Investigación CIBIO (Centro Iberoamericano de la Biodiversidad), University of Alicante, Carretera de San Vicente del Raspeig, s/n, E-03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
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31
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Jacques S, Sperschneider J, Garg G, Thatcher LF, Gao LL, Kamphuis LG, Singh KB. A functional genomics approach to dissect spotted alfalfa aphid resistance in Medicago truncatula. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22159. [PMID: 33335168 PMCID: PMC7746763 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78904-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Aphids are virus-spreading insect pests affecting crops worldwide and their fast population build-up and insecticide resistance make them problematic to control. Here, we aim to understand the molecular basis of spotted alfalfa aphid (SAA) or Therioaphis trifolii f. maculata resistance in Medicago truncatula, a model organism for legume species. We compared susceptible and resistant near isogenic Medicago lines upon SAA feeding via transcriptome sequencing. Expression of genes involved in defense and stress responses, protein kinase activity and DNA binding were enriched in the resistant line. Potentially underlying some of these changes in gene expression was the finding that members of the MYB, NAC, AP2 domain and ERF transcription factor gene families were differentially expressed in the resistant versus susceptible lines. A TILLING population created in the resistant cultivar was screened using exome capture sequencing and served as a reverse genetics tool to functionally characterise genes involved in the aphid resistance response. This screening revealed three transcription factors (a NAC, AP2 domain and ERF) as important regulators in the defence response, as a premature stop-codon in the resistant background led to a delay in aphid mortality and enhanced plant susceptibility. This combined functional genomics approach will facilitate the future development of pest resistant crops by uncovering candidate target genes that can convey enhanced aphid resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Jacques
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Floreat, WA, 6014, Australia.,Centre for Crop and Disease Management, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Jana Sperschneider
- Biological Data Science Institute, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia
| | - Gagan Garg
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Floreat, WA, 6014, Australia
| | | | - Ling-Ling Gao
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Floreat, WA, 6014, Australia
| | - Lars G Kamphuis
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Floreat, WA, 6014, Australia.,Centre for Crop and Disease Management, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia.,The UWA Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Karam B Singh
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Floreat, WA, 6014, Australia. .,Centre for Crop and Disease Management, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia. .,The UWA Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia.
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32
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Clancy MV, Haberer G, Jud W, Niederbacher B, Niederbacher S, Senft M, Zytynska SE, Weisser WW, Schnitzler JP. Under fire-simultaneous volatilome and transcriptome analysis unravels fine-scale responses of tansy chemotypes to dual herbivore attack. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:551. [PMID: 33297957 PMCID: PMC7724791 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02745-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tansy plants (Tanacetum vulgare L.) are known for their high intraspecific chemical variation, especially of volatile organic compounds (VOC) from the terpenoid compound group. These VOCs are closely involved in plant-insect interactions and, when profiled, can be used to classify plants into groups known as chemotypes. Tansy chemotypes have been shown to influence plant-aphid interactions, however, to date no information is available on the response of different tansy chemotypes to simultaneous herbivory by more than one insect species. RESULTS Using a multi-cuvette system, we investigated the responses of five tansy chemotypes to feeding by sucking and/or chewing herbivores (aphids and caterpillars; Metopeurum fuscoviride Stroyan and Spodoptera littoralis Boisduval). Herbivory by caterpillars following aphid infestation led to a plant chemotype-specific change in the patterns of terpenoids stored in trichome hairs and in VOC emissions. The transcriptomic analysis of a plant chemotype represents the first de novo assembly of a transcriptome in tansy and demonstrates priming effects of aphids on a subsequent herbivory. Overall, we show that the five chemotypes do not react in the same way to the two herbivores. As expected, we found that caterpillar feeding increased VOC emissions, however, a priori aphid infestation only led to a further increase in VOC emissions for some chemotypes. CONCLUSIONS We were able to show that different chemotypes respond to the double herbivore attack in different ways, and that pre-treatment with aphids had a priming effect on plants when they were subsequently exposed to a chewing herbivore. If neighbouring chemotypes in a field population react differently to herbivory/dual herbivory, this could possibly have effects from the individual level to the group level. Individuals of some chemotypes may respond more efficiently to herbivory stress than others, and in a group environment these "louder" chemotypes may affect the local insect community, including the natural enemies of herbivores, and other neighbouring plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary V Clancy
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Research Unit Environmental Simulation (EUS), Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Neuherberg, Germany
- Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology (FARCE Lab), Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Georg Haberer
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Plant Genome and Systems Biology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Werner Jud
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Research Unit Environmental Simulation (EUS), Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Bishu Niederbacher
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Research Unit Environmental Simulation (EUS), Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Simon Niederbacher
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Research Unit Environmental Simulation (EUS), Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Senft
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technical University of Munich, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Freising, Germany
| | - Sharon E Zytynska
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Plant Genome and Systems Biology, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Ecology, University of Liverpool, Evolution and Behaviour, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, Liverpool, UK
| | - Wolfgang W Weisser
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technical University of Munich, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Freising, Germany
| | - Jörg-Peter Schnitzler
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Research Unit Environmental Simulation (EUS), Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Neuherberg, Germany.
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Yates-Stewart AD, Pekarcik A, Michel A, Blakeslee JJ. Jasmonic Acid-Isoleucine (JA-Ile) Is Involved in the Host-Plant Resistance Mechanism Against the Soybean Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 113:2972-2978. [PMID: 33033836 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toaa221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Host-plant resistance (HPR) is an important tool for pest management, affording both economic and environmental benefits. The mechanisms of aphid resistance in soybean are not well understood, but likely involve the induction of the jasmonic acid (JA) pathway, and possibly other phytohormone signals involved in plant defense responses. Despite the efficacy of aphid resistance in soybean, virulent aphids have overcome this resistance through mostly unknown mechanisms. Here, we have used metabolomic tools to define the role of plant phytohormones, especially the JA pathway, in regulating interactions between aphid-resistant soybean and virulent aphids. We hypothesized that virulent aphids avoid or suppress the JA pathway to overcome aphid resistance. Our results suggested that aphid-resistant soybean increased accumulation of JA-isoleucine (JA-Ile) only when infested with avirulent aphids; virulent aphids did not cause induction of JA-Ile. Further, applying JA-Ile to aphid-resistant soybean reduced subsequent virulent aphid populations. The concentrations of other phytohormones remained unchanged due to aphid feeding, highlighting the importance of JA-Ile in this interaction. These results increase our knowledge of soybean resistance mechanisms against soybean aphids and contribute to our understanding of aphid virulence mechanisms, which will in turn promote the durability of HPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley D Yates-Stewart
- Center for Applied Plant Sciences, The Ohio State University, CFAES Wooster Campus, Wooster, OH
| | - Adrian Pekarcik
- Department of Entomology, The Ohio State University, CFAES Wooster Campus, Wooster, OH
| | - Andy Michel
- Center for Applied Plant Sciences, The Ohio State University, CFAES Wooster Campus, Wooster, OH
- Department of Entomology, The Ohio State University, CFAES Wooster Campus, Wooster, OH
| | - Joshua J Blakeslee
- Center for Applied Plant Sciences, The Ohio State University, CFAES Wooster Campus, Wooster, OH
- Laboratory for the Analysis of Metabolites from Plants and Department of Horticulture and Crop Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH
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Labudda M, Tokarz K, Tokarz B, Muszyńska E, Gietler M, Górecka M, Różańska E, Rybarczyk-Płońska A, Fidler J, Prabucka B, Dababat AA, Lewandowski M. Reactive oxygen species metabolism and photosynthetic performance in leaves of Hordeum vulgare plants co-infested with Heterodera filipjevi and Aceria tosichella. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2020; 39:1719-1741. [PMID: 32955612 PMCID: PMC7502656 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02600-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Defence responses of cyst nematode and/or wheat curl mite infested barley engage the altered reactive oxygen species production, antioxidant machinery, carbon dioxide assimilation and photosynthesis efficiency. The primary aim of this study was to determine how barley responds to two pests infesting separately or at once; thus barley was inoculated with Heterodera filipjevi (Madzhidov) Stelter (cereal cyst nematode; CCN) and Aceria tosichella Keifer (wheat curl mite; WCM). To verify hypothesis about the involvement of redox metabolism and photosynthesis in barley defence responses, biochemical, photosynthesis efficiency and chlorophyll a fluorescence measurements as well as transmission electron microscopy were implemented. Inoculation with WCM (apart from or with CCN) brought about a significant suppression in the efficiency of electron transport outside photosystem II reaction centres. This limitation was an effect of diminished pool of rapidly reducing plastoquinone and decreased total electron carriers. Infestation with WCM (apart from or with CCN) also significantly restricted the electron transport on the photosystem I acceptor side, therefore produced reactive oxygen species oxidized lipids in cells of WCM and double infested plants and proteins in cells of WCM-infested plants. The level of hydrogen peroxide was significantly decreased in double infested plants because of glutathione-ascorbate cycle involvement. The inhibition of nitrosoglutathione reductase promoted the accumulation of S-nitrosoglutathione increasing antioxidant capacity in cells of double infested plants. Moreover, enhanced arginase activity in WCM-infested plants could stimulate synthesis of polyamines participating in plant antioxidant response. Infestation with WCM (apart from or with CCN) significantly reduced the efficiency of carbon dioxide assimilation by barley leaves, whereas infection only with CCN expanded photosynthesis efficiency. These were accompanied with the ultrastructural changes in chloroplasts during CCN and WCM infestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Labudda
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Tokarz
- Department of Botany, Physiology and Plant Protection, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Barbara Tokarz
- Department of Botany, Physiology and Plant Protection, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewa Muszyńska
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Gietler
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mirosława Górecka
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Różańska
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Rybarczyk-Płońska
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Justyna Fidler
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Prabucka
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Abdelfattah A Dababat
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Soil Borne Pathogens Program, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mariusz Lewandowski
- Department of Plant Protection, Section of Applied Entomology, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
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35
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Florencio-Ortiz V, Novák O, Casas JL. Phytohormone responses in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) leaves under a high density of aphid infestation. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2020; 170:519-527. [PMID: 32794184 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The time course response of selected phytohormones has been evaluated in sweet pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.) submitted to a high density (200 aphids/plant) of aphid (Myzus persicae Sulzer) infestation. Abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and jasmonates (JAs), including jasmonic acid (JA), jasmonoyl-l-isoleucine (JA-Ile), and cis-OPDA have been simultaneously identified and quantitated by UHPLC-MS/MS in pepper leaf tissue harvested at 3, 8 hours post-infestation (hpi), 1, 2, 4 and 7 days post-infestation (dpi). Infested plants showed a reduction in stem length at 7 dpi and in the number of leaves and leaf width from 4 dpi onwards. JA and JA-Ile significantly increased very early (from 3 hpi) while SA only accumulated at 7 dpi. Despite the high density of infestation, the aphid-induced accumulation of JAs was much lower than the burst typically induced by chewing herbivores. On the other side, ABA peaked in aphid-infested plants at 2 and 4 dpi, while IAA content did not change significantly at any time point. Growth inhibition may be partially explained by the high levels of JAs found in aphid-infested plants. The possibility that the obtained results support the hypothesis of the aphid manipulation of plant metabolism is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Florencio-Ortiz
- Unidad Asociada IPAB (UA-CSIC), Instituto Universitario de Investigación CIBIO (Centro Iberoamericano de la Biodiversidad), University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR & Palacký University, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic
| | - José L Casas
- Unidad Asociada IPAB (UA-CSIC), Instituto Universitario de Investigación CIBIO (Centro Iberoamericano de la Biodiversidad), University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
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36
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Pingault L, Palmer NA, Koch KG, Heng-Moss T, Bradshaw JD, Seravalli J, Twigg P, Louis J, Sarath G. Differential Defense Responses of Upland and Lowland Switchgrass Cultivars to a Cereal Aphid Pest. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217966. [PMID: 33120946 PMCID: PMC7672581 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Yellow sugarcane aphid (YSA) (Sipha flava, Forbes) is a damaging pest on many grasses. Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), a perennial C4 grass, has been selected as a bioenergy feedstock because of its perceived resilience to abiotic and biotic stresses. Aphid infestation on switchgrass has the potential to reduce the yields and biomass quantity. Here, the global defense response of switchgrass cultivars Summer and Kanlow to YSA feeding was analyzed by RNA-seq and metabolite analysis at 5, 10, and 15 days after infestation. Genes upregulated by infestation were more common in both cultivars compared to downregulated genes. In total, a higher number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found in the YSA susceptible cultivar (Summer), and fewer DEGs were observed in the YSA resistant cultivar (Kanlow). Interestingly, no downregulated genes were found in common between each time point or between the two switchgrass cultivars. Gene co-expression analysis revealed upregulated genes in Kanlow were associated with functions such as flavonoid, oxidation-response to chemical, or wax composition. Downregulated genes for the cultivar Summer were found in co-expression modules with gene functions related to plant defense mechanisms or cell wall composition. Global analysis of defense networks of the two cultivars uncovered differential mechanisms associated with resistance or susceptibility of switchgrass in response to YSA infestation. Several gene co-expression modules and transcription factors correlated with these differential defense responses. Overall, the YSA-resistant Kanlow plants have an enhanced defense even under aphid uninfested conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Pingault
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; (L.P.); (K.G.K.); (T.H.-M.); (J.D.B.)
| | - Nathan A. Palmer
- Wheat, Sorghum, and Forage Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA;
| | - Kyle G. Koch
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; (L.P.); (K.G.K.); (T.H.-M.); (J.D.B.)
| | - Tiffany Heng-Moss
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; (L.P.); (K.G.K.); (T.H.-M.); (J.D.B.)
| | - Jeffrey D. Bradshaw
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; (L.P.); (K.G.K.); (T.H.-M.); (J.D.B.)
| | - Javier Seravalli
- Redox Biology Center, Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA;
| | - Paul Twigg
- Biology Department, University of Nebraska-Kearney, Kearney, NE 68849, USA;
| | - Joe Louis
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; (L.P.); (K.G.K.); (T.H.-M.); (J.D.B.)
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (G.S.); Tel.: +1-402-472-8098 (J.L.); +1-402-472-4204 (G.S.)
| | - Gautam Sarath
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; (L.P.); (K.G.K.); (T.H.-M.); (J.D.B.)
- Wheat, Sorghum, and Forage Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA;
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (G.S.); Tel.: +1-402-472-8098 (J.L.); +1-402-472-4204 (G.S.)
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37
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Khoshfarman-Borji H, Pahlavan Yali M, Bozorg-Amirkalaee M. Induction of resistance against Brevicoryne brassicae by Pseudomonas putida and salicylic acid in canola. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2020; 110:597-610. [PMID: 32252840 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485320000097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae L. (Hem: Aphididae), is one of the most serious pests of canola worldwide. In this research, the effects of Pseudomonas putida, salicylic acid (SA), and integrated application of both inducers were studied on the resistance of canola to B. brassicae. In free-choice situation, the number of B. brassicae attracted on canola plants under treatments containing P. putida and SA was significantly lower compared to control plants. In the life table study, pre-adult survival, longevity, reproductive period, and fecundity of this aphid were lowest on plants treated with P. putida + SA. The net reproductive rate (R0), intrinsic rate of population increase (r), and finite rate of increase (λ) of B. brassicae decreased significantly in the following order: control (47.19 offspring, 0.293 and 1.340 day-1), P. putida (16.7 offspring, 0.238 and 1.269 day-1), SA (6.37 offspring, 0.163 and 1.178 day-1), and P. putida + SA (3.24 offspring, 0.112 and 1.119 day-1). Moreover, the beneficial effect of the integrated application of P. putida and SA on plant growth parameters was significantly evident in our study. The highest values of glucosinolates, total phenol, and flavonoids were recorded in P. putida + SA treatment. We concluded that canola plants treated with P. putida + SA are more resistant to the cabbage aphid. These findings demonstrated that SA integrated with P. putida on canola plants act effectively for reducing the population of B. brassicae and can be used in integrated management programs of this pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Khoshfarman-Borji
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University, Iran
| | - M Pahlavan Yali
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University, Iran
| | - M Bozorg-Amirkalaee
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Iran
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38
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Bera S, Blundell R, Liang D, Crowder DW, Casteel CL. The Oxylipin Signaling Pathway Is Required for Increased Aphid Attraction and Retention on Virus-Infected Plants. J Chem Ecol 2020; 46:771-781. [PMID: 32065342 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-020-01157-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have shown that virus infection alters phytohormone signaling and insect vector contact with hosts. Increased vector contact and movement among plants should increase virus survival and host range. In this study we examine the role of virus-induced changes in phytohormone signaling in plant-aphid interactions, using Pea enation mosaic virus (PEMV), pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum), and pea (Pisum sativum) as a model. We observed that feeding by aphids carrying PEMV increases salicylic acid and jasmonic acid accumulation in pea plants compared to feeding by virus-free aphids. To determine if induction of the oxylipin jasmonic acid is critical for aphid settling, attraction, and retention on PEMV-infected plants, we conducted insect bioassays using virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS), an oxylipin signaling inducer, methyl jasmonate (MeJA), and a chemical inhibitor of oxylipin signaling, phenidone. Surprisingly, there was no impact of phenidone treatment on jasmonic acid or salicylic acid levels in virus-infected plants, though aphid attraction and retention were altered. These results suggest that the observed impacts of phenidone on aphid attraction to and retention on PEMV-infected plants are independent of the jasmonic acid and salicylic acid pathway but may be mediated by another component of the oxylipin signaling pathway. These results shed light on the complexity of viral manipulation of phytohormone signaling and vector-plant interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bera
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant-Microbe Biology and Plant Pathology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - R Blundell
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - D Liang
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - D W Crowder
- Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - C L Casteel
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant-Microbe Biology and Plant Pathology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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Chen X, Yang Z, Chen H, Qi Q, Liu J, Wang C, Shao S, Lu Q, Li Y, Wu H, King-Jones K, Chen MS. A Complex Nutrient Exchange Between a Gall-Forming Aphid and Its Plant Host. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:811. [PMID: 32733495 PMCID: PMC7358401 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
It has been a long-standing question as to whether the interaction between gall-forming insects and their host plants is merely parasitic or whether it may also benefit the host. On its host Rhus chinensis, the aphid Schlechtendalia chinensis induces the formation of closed galls, referred to as horned galls. Typically, mature aphid populations comprise thousands of individuals, which is sufficient to cause the accumulation of high CO2 levels in galls (on average 8-fold higher and up to 16 times than atmospheric levels). Large aphid populations also excrete significant amounts of honeydew, a waste product high in sugars. Based on 13C isotope tracing and genomic analyses, we showed that aphid-derived carbon found in CO2 and honeydew was recycled in gall tissues via photosynthesis and glycometabolism. These results indicated that the aphid-gall system evolved in a manner that allowed nutrient recycling, where the gall provides nutrients to the growing aphid population, and in turn, aphid-derived carbon metabolites provide a resource for the growth of the gall. The metabolic efficiency of this self-circulating system indicates that the input needed from the host plant to maintain aphid population growth less than previously thought and possibly minimal. Aside from the recycling of nutrients, we also found that gall metabolites were transported to other parts of the host plant and is particularly beneficial for leaves growing adjacent to the gall. Taken together, galls in the S. chinensis-Rhus chinensis system are highly specialized structures that serve as a metabolic and nutrient exchange hub that benefits both the aphid and its host plant. As such, host plants provide both shelter and nutrients to protect and sustain aphid populations, and in return, aphid-derived metabolites are channeled back to the host plant and thus provide a certain degree of "metabolic compensation" for their caloric and structural needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Chen
- Research Institute of Resource Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Breeding and Utilization of Resource Insects of State Forestry Administration, Kunming, China
| | - Zixiang Yang
- Research Institute of Resource Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Breeding and Utilization of Resource Insects of State Forestry Administration, Kunming, China
| | - Hang Chen
- Research Institute of Resource Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Breeding and Utilization of Resource Insects of State Forestry Administration, Kunming, China
| | - Qian Qi
- Research Institute of Resource Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Breeding and Utilization of Resource Insects of State Forestry Administration, Kunming, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Research Institute of Resource Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Breeding and Utilization of Resource Insects of State Forestry Administration, Kunming, China
| | - Chao Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Shuxia Shao
- Research Institute of Resource Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Breeding and Utilization of Resource Insects of State Forestry Administration, Kunming, China
| | - Qin Lu
- Research Institute of Resource Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Breeding and Utilization of Resource Insects of State Forestry Administration, Kunming, China
| | - Yang Li
- Research Institute of Resource Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming, China
| | - Haixia Wu
- Research Institute of Resource Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Breeding and Utilization of Resource Insects of State Forestry Administration, Kunming, China
| | - Kirst King-Jones
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Ming-Shun Chen
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
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Barilli E, Carrillo-Perdomo E, Cobos MJ, Kilian A, Carling J, Rubiales D. Identification of potential candidate genes controlling pea aphid tolerance in a Pisum fulvum high-density integrated DArTseq SNP-based genetic map. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:1731-1742. [PMID: 31758624 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pea (Pisum sativum) is one of the most important temperate grain legumes in the world, and its production is severely constrained by the pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum). Wild relatives, such as P. fulvum, are valuable sources of allelic diversity to improve the genetic resistance of cultivated pea species against A. pisum attack. To unravel the genetic control underlying resistance to the pea aphid attack, a quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis was performed using the previously developed high density integrated genetic linkage map originated from an intraspecific recombinant inbred line (RIL) population (P. fulvum: IFPI3260 × IFPI3251). RESULTS We accurately evaluated specific resistance responses to pea aphid that allowed the identification, for the first time, of genomic regions that control plant damage and aphid reproduction. Eight QTLs associated with tolerance to pea aphid were identified in LGs I, II, III, IV and V, which individually explained from 17.0% to 51.2% of the phenotypic variation depending on the trait scored, and as a whole from 17.0% to 88.6%. The high density integrated genetic linkage map also allowed the identification of potential candidate genes co-located with the QTLs identified. CONCLUSIONS Our work shows how the survival of P. fulvum after the pea aphid attack depends on the triggering of a multi-component protection strategy that implies a quantitative tolerance. The genomic regions associated with the tolerance responses of P. fulvum during A. pisum infestation have provided six potential candidate genes that could be useful in marker-assisted selection (MAS) and genomic assisted breeding (GAB) after functional validation in the future. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Estefanía Carrillo-Perdomo
- Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, CSIC, Córdoba, Spain
- Current address: Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | | | - Andrzej Kilian
- Diversity Arrays Technology Pty Ltd, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
| | - Jason Carling
- Diversity Arrays Technology Pty Ltd, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
| | - Diego Rubiales
- Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, CSIC, Córdoba, Spain
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Portillo Lemus L, Tricard J, Duclercq J, Coulette Q, Giron D, Hano C, Huguet E, Lamblin F, Cherqui A, Sallé A. Salivary proteins of Phloeomyzus passerinii, a plant-manipulating aphid, and their impact on early gene responses of susceptible and resistant poplar genotypes. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 294:110468. [PMID: 32234233 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Successful plant colonization by parasites requires the circumvention of host defenses, and sometimes a reprogramming of host metabolism, mediated by effector molecules delivered into the host. Using transcriptomic and enzymatic approaches, we characterized salivary glands and saliva of Phloeomyzus passerinii, an aphid exhibiting an atypical feeding strategy. Plant responses to salivary extracts of P. passerinii and Myzus persicae were assessed with poplar protoplasts of a susceptible and a resistant genotype, and in a heterologous Arabidopsis system. We predict that P. passerinii secretes a highly peculiar saliva containing effectors potentially interfering with host defenses, biotic stress signaling and plant metabolism, notably phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinases which seemed specific to P. passerinii. Gene expression profiles indicated that salivary extracts of M. persicae markedly affected host defenses and biotic stress signaling, while salivary extracts of P. passerinii induced only weak responses. The effector-triggered susceptibility was characterized by downregulations of genes involved in cytokinin signaling and auxin homeostasis. This suggests that P. passerinii induces an intracellular accumulation of auxin in susceptible host genotypes, which is supported by histochemical assays in Arabidopsis. This might in turn affect biotic stress signaling and contribute to host tissue manipulation by the aphid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Portillo Lemus
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, INRA, Université d'Orléans, 45067, Orléans, France; Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés, EDYSAN UMR CNRS-UPJV 7058, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Jessy Tricard
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, INRA, Université d'Orléans, 45067, Orléans, France; Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés, EDYSAN UMR CNRS-UPJV 7058, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Jérôme Duclercq
- Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés, EDYSAN UMR CNRS-UPJV 7058, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Quentin Coulette
- Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés, EDYSAN UMR CNRS-UPJV 7058, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - David Giron
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, UMR 7261, CNRS/Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Christophe Hano
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, INRA, Université d'Orléans, 45067, Orléans, France
| | - Elisabeth Huguet
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, UMR 7261, CNRS/Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Frédéric Lamblin
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, INRA, Université d'Orléans, 45067, Orléans, France
| | - Anas Cherqui
- Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés, EDYSAN UMR CNRS-UPJV 7058, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Aurélien Sallé
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, INRA, Université d'Orléans, 45067, Orléans, France.
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42
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Patton MF, Bak A, Sayre JM, Heck ML, Casteel CL. A polerovirus, Potato leafroll virus, alters plant-vector interactions using three viral proteins. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43:387-399. [PMID: 31758809 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Potato leafroll virus (PLRV), genus Polerovirus, family Luteoviridae, is a major pathogen of potato worldwide. PLRV is transmitted among host plants by aphids in a circulative-nonpropagative manner. Previous studies have demonstrated that PLRV infection increases aphid fecundity on, and attraction to, infected plants as compared to controls. However, the molecular mechanisms mediating this relationship are still poorly understood. In this study, we measured the impact of PLRV infection on plant-aphid interactions and plant chemistry in two hosts: Solanum tuberosum and Nicotiana benthamiana. Our study demonstrates that PLRV infection attenuates the induction of aphid-induced jasmonic acid and ethylene in S. tuberosum and N. benthamiana. Using transient expression experiments, insect bioassays and chemical analysis, we show that expression of three PLRV proteins (P0, P1, and P7) mediate changes in plant-aphid interactions and inhibition of aphid-induced jasmonic acid and ethylene in N. benthamiana. This study enhances our understanding of the plant-vector-pathogen interface by elucidating new mechanisms by which plant viruses transmitted in a circulative manner can manipulate plant hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- MacKenzie F Patton
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Aurélie Bak
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Jordan M Sayre
- Department of Microbiology, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Michelle L Heck
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Emerging Pests and Pathogens Research Unit, Ithaca, New York, 14853
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, New York, 14853
- Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853
| | - Clare L Casteel
- Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853
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43
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Zhang KL, Liu QS, Kang HX, Liu XM, Chen XP, Peng YF, Li YH. Herbivore-induced rice resistance against rice blast mediated by salicylic acid. INSECT SCIENCE 2020; 27:49-57. [PMID: 29999564 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In agro-ecosystems, plants are important mediators of interactions between their associated herbivorous insects and microbes, and any change in plants induced by one species may lead to cascading effects on interactions with other species. Often, such effects are regulated by phytohormones such as jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA). Here, we investigated the tripartite interactions among rice plants, three insect herbivores (Chilo suppressalis, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis or Nilaparvata lugens), and the causal agent of rice blast disease, the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. We found that pre-infestation of rice by C. suppressalis or N. lugens but not by C. medinalis conferred resistance to M. oryzae. For C. suppressalis and N. lugens, insect infestation without fungal inoculation induced the accumulation of both JA and SA in rice leaves. In contrast, infestation by C. medinalis increased JA levels but reduced SA levels. The exogenous application of SA but not of JA conferred resistance against M. oryzae. These results suggest that pre-infestation by C. suppressalis or N. lugens conferred resistance against M. oryzae by increasing SA accumulation. These findings enhance our understanding of the interactions among rice plant, insects and pathogens, and provide valuable information for developing an ecologically sound strategy for controlling rice blast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Li Zhang
- College of Environment and Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Song Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Hou-Xiang Kang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Liu
- College of Environment and Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Xiu-Ping Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Fa Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yun-He Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Labudda M, Muszyńska E, Gietler M, Różańska E, Rybarczyk-Płońska A, Fidler J, Prabucka B, Dababat AA. Efficient antioxidant defence systems of spring barley in response to stress induced jointly by the cyst nematode parasitism and cadmium exposure. PLANT AND SOIL 2020; 456:189-206. [PMID: 32952222 PMCID: PMC7487286 DOI: 10.1007/s11104-020-04713-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This research aimed to establish how Hordeum vulgare responds to abiotic and biotic stress affecting in tandem. METHODS Plants were inoculated with Heterodera filipjevi and treated with cadmium (Cd) concentration (5 μM) that can occur in the cultivated soil. To verify the hypothesis about participation of increased antioxidative defence in H. vulgare under stress, biochemical and microscopic methods were implemented. RESULTS The amount of superoxide anions and hydrogen peroxide was diminished in plants that were both nematode-inoculated and cadmium-treated. Superoxide anions were rendered harmless by increased activity of superoxide dismutase, and H2O2 was scavenged via Foyer-Halliwell-Asada pathway. The unique enhanced antioxidant capacity of double stressed plants was also linked with the accumulation of S-nitrosoglutathione as nitrosoglutathione reductase activity was inhibited. Furthermore, stimulated activity of arginase in these plants could promote polyamine synthesis and indirectly enhance non-enzymatic antioxidant mechanism. Results indicate that different antioxidants operating together significantly restricted oxidation of lipids and proteins, thus the integrity of cell membranes and protein functions were maintained. CONCLUSIONS The ROS deactivation machinery in barley leaves showed an unusual response during stress induced by H. filipjevi infection and cadmium treatment. Plants could induce a multi-component model of stress response, to detoxify Cd ions and efficiently repair stress damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Labudda
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Muszyńska
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Gietler
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Różańska
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Rybarczyk-Płońska
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Justyna Fidler
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Prabucka
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Abdelfattah A. Dababat
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Soil Borne Pathogens Program, Ankara, Turkey
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Ibanez F, Bang WY, Lombardini L, Cisneros-Zevallos L. Solving the controversy of healthier organic fruit: Leaf wounding triggers distant gene expression response of polyphenol biosynthesis in strawberry fruit (Fragaria x ananassa). Sci Rep 2019; 9:19239. [PMID: 31848360 PMCID: PMC6917742 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55033-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The claim that organic agriculture produces higher levels of phytochemicals has been controversial for decades. Using strawberries as a model crop in field conditions, a preharvest leaf wounding stress was applied to study the production of phytochemicals in fruits. As a result phenolic compounds (PCs) and total soluble sugars increased significantly, where specific phenylpropanoids showed increment up to 137% and several genes related to PCs biosynthesis and sugar transport were overexpressed. It was observed that the accumulation of PCs on fruits can be triggered by the application of wounding stress in a distant tissue and this accumulation is directly related to carbon partition and associated gene expression. This supports the idea that higher levels of healthy phytochemicals reported in organic fruits and vegetables could be due to the wounding component of the biotic stress attributed to insects to which the plant are exposed to.
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Affiliation(s)
- Facundo Ibanez
- Molecular and Environmental Plant Sciences Program, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Estación Experimental INIA Las Brujas, Canelones, Uruguay
| | - Woo Young Bang
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Leonardo Lombardini
- Molecular and Environmental Plant Sciences Program, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Luis Cisneros-Zevallos
- Molecular and Environmental Plant Sciences Program, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.
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Zhang Y, Fu Y, Fan J, Li Q, Francis F, Chen J. Comparative transcriptome and histological analyses of wheat in response to phytotoxic aphid Schizaphis graminum and non-phytotoxic aphid Sitobion avenae feeding. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:547. [PMID: 31823722 PMCID: PMC6902339 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2148-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infestation of the phytotoxic aphid Schizaphis graminum can rapidly induce leaf chlorosis in susceptible plants, but this effect is not observed with the nonphytotoxic aphid Sitobion avenae. However, few studies have attempted to identify the different defence responses induced in wheat by S. graminum and S. avenae feeding and the mechanisms underlying the activation of chlorosis by S. graminum feeding. RESULTS S. graminum feeding significantly reduced the chlorophyll content of wheat leaves, and these effects were not observed with S. avenae. A transcriptomic analysis showed that the expression levels of genes involved in the salicylic acid, jasmonic acid and ethylene signalling defence pathways were significantly upregulated by both S. avenae and S. graminum feeding; however, more plant defence genes were activated by S. graminum feeding than S. avenae feeding. The transcript levels of genes encoding cell wall-modifying proteins were significantly increased after S. graminum feeding, but only a few of these genes were induced by S. avenae. Furthermore, various reactive oxygen species-scavenging genes, such as 66 peroxidase (POD) and 8 ascorbate peroxidase (APx) genes, were significantly upregulated after S. graminum feeding, whereas only 15 POD and one APx genes were induced by S. avenae feeding. The activity of four antioxidant enzymes was also significantly upregulated by S. graminum feeding. Cytological examination showed that S. graminum feeding induced substantial hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation in wheat leaves. The chlorosis symptoms and the loss of chlorophyll observed in wheat leaves after S. graminum feeding were reduced and inhibited by the scavenging of H2O2 by dimethylthiourea, which indicated that H2O2 plays important role in the induction of chlorosis by S. graminum feeding. CONCLUSIONS S. graminum and S. avenae feeding induces the JA, SA and ET signalling pathways, but S. graminum activated stronger plant defence responses than S. avenae. S. graminum feeding triggers strong ROS-scavenging activity and massive H2O2 production in wheat leaves, and the accumulation of H2O2 induced by S. graminum feeding is involved in the activation of chlorosis in wheat leaves. These results enhance our understanding of mechanisms underlying aphid-wheat interactions and provide clues for the development of aphid-resistant wheat varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Fu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 People’s Republic of China
| | - Frédéric Francis
- Functional and Evolutionary Entomology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Julian Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 People’s Republic of China
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Rumyantsev SD, Veselova SV, Burkhanova GF, Maksimov IV. Induced resistance to the greenbug aphid Schizaphis graminum Rond. in species of the genus Triticum. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2019. [DOI: 10.18699/vj19.560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The greenbug aphid Schizaphis graminum Rond. causes a significant loss of the grain harvest. Therefore, to improve plant resistance to aphids is one of the topical tasks. The problem of creating varieties resistant to phloem-feeding insects is quite urgent, since the mechanisms procuring the resistance of plants to insects are not fully understood. Nevertheless, modern literature describes some mechanisms associated with changes in the redox state of colonized plants. Besides, attention is being increasingly focused on the study of mechanisms that underlie inducible resistance to aphids in wheat and are regulated by hormonal signaling systems. To detect connections among the redox status, indicators of resistance (antibiosis and endurance) of wheat plants to the pest, and induction of the jasmonate (JA) and salicylate (SA) signaling pathways, we studied accessions of three species of wheat plants – Triticum aestivum L., T. monococcum., and T. timopheevii Zhuk.– infested with S. graminum greenbugs by physiological, biochemical, and molecular methods. Analysis of antibiosis and endurance showed that T. timopheevii k-58666 and T. monococcum k-39471 were resistant to S. graminum, the latter accession being the most enduring. High hydrogen peroxide contents and high peroxidase activities were detected in the resistant plants. We investigated the expression of genes encoding PR proteins, including markers and regulators of the salicylate (TaRboh, TaPAL, Tapr1, TaPrx) and jasmonate (TaPI, TaLOX, TaPrx) signaling pathways. At the early stage of infestation in the susceptible T. aestivum variety Salavat Yulaev, the expression of only jasmonate-dependent genes was activated in response to plant damage. In the resistant T. timopheevii accession k-58666, expression of only salicylate-dependent genes was activated, while the aphid reproduction was practically absent. In the resistant T. monococcum accession k-39471, expression was activated in both the salicylate-dependent and jasmonate-dependent gene groups. We assume that the oxidative burst in the resistant forms of wheat was induced via the activation of the SA signaling pathway, which was of crucial importance in the further cascade of chemical reactions leading to the development of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. D. Rumyantsev
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics – Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre, RAS
| | - S. V. Veselova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics – Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre, RAS
| | - G. F. Burkhanova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics – Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre, RAS
| | - I. V. Maksimov
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics – Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre, RAS
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Van De Velde H, AbdElgawad H, Asard H, Beemster GTS, Selim S, Nijs I, Bonte D. Interspecific plant competition mediates the metabolic and ecological signature of a plant–herbivore interaction under warming and elevated CO
2. Funct Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helena Van De Velde
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Department of Biology Ghent University Ghent Belgium
- Department of Biology, Centre of Excellence Plants and Ecosystems University of Antwerp Wilrijk Belgium
| | - Hamada AbdElgawad
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research Group (IMPRES), Department of Biology University of Antwerp Antwerp Belgium
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science Beni‐Suef University Beni‐Suef Egypt
| | - Han Asard
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research Group (IMPRES), Department of Biology University of Antwerp Antwerp Belgium
| | - Gerrit T. S. Beemster
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research Group (IMPRES), Department of Biology University of Antwerp Antwerp Belgium
| | - Samy Selim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences Jouf University Sakaka Saudi Arabia
| | - Ivan Nijs
- Department of Biology, Centre of Excellence Plants and Ecosystems University of Antwerp Wilrijk Belgium
| | - Dries Bonte
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Department of Biology Ghent University Ghent Belgium
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49
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Łukasik I, Wołoch A, Sytykiewicz H, Sprawka I, Goławska S. Changes in the content of thiol compounds and the activity of glutathione s-transferase in maize seedlings in response to a rose-grass aphid infestation. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221160. [PMID: 31412084 PMCID: PMC6693767 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The rose-grass aphid (Methopolophium dirhodum Walk.) is a major pest of maize (Zea mays L.), but little is known about the biochemical interactions between M. dirhodum and its host plant. Thiol compounds and glutathione S-transferase (GST) play a crucial role in the defense responses of maize to biotic stress factors, including aphids. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the impact of M. dirhodum herbivory on the total thiol (TT), protein bound thiol (PT), reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) contents as well as the activity of GST in three varieties of Z. mays (Złota Karłowa, Ambrozja and Płomyk), that were classified as aphid-susceptible, aphid-relatively resistant and aphid-resistant, respectively. The earliest and strongest aphid-triggered alterations in the levels of TT, PT and GSH, and the greatest induction of GST activity, were recorded in the resistant Płomyk seedlings in relation to the relatively resistant Ambrozja and the susceptible Złota Karłowa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Łukasik
- Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Siedlce, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Aleksandra Wołoch
- Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Siedlce, Poland
| | - Hubert Sytykiewicz
- Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Siedlce, Poland
| | - Iwona Sprawka
- Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Siedlce, Poland
| | - Sylwia Goławska
- Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Siedlce, Poland
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50
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Leybourne DJ, Valentine TA, Robertson JAH, Pérez-Fernández E, Main AM, Karley AJ, Bos JIB. Defence gene expression and phloem quality contribute to mesophyll and phloem resistance to aphids in wild barley. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:4011-4026. [PMID: 31173098 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Aphids, including the bird cherry-oat aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi), are significant agricultural pests. The wild relative of barley, Hordeum spontaneum 5 (Hsp5), has been described to be partially resistant to R. padi, with this resistance proposed to involve higher thionin and lipoxygenase gene expression. However, the specificity of this resistance to aphids and its underlying mechanistic processes are unknown. In this study, we assessed the specificity of Hsp5 resistance to aphids and analysed differences in aphid probing and feeding behaviour on Hsp5 and a susceptible barley cultivar (Concerto). We found that partial resistance in Hsp5 to R. padi extends to two other aphid pests of grasses. Using the electrical penetration graph technique, we show that partial resistance is mediated by phloem- and mesophyll-based resistance factors that limit aphid phloem ingestion. To gain insight into plant traits responsible for partial resistance, we compared non-glandular trichome density, defence gene expression, and phloem composition of Hsp5 with those of the susceptible barley cultivar Concerto. We show that Hsp5 partial resistance involves elevated basal expression of thionin and phytohormone signalling genes, and a reduction in phloem quality. This study highlights plant traits that may contribute to broad-spectrum partial resistance to aphids in barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Leybourne
- Division of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, the James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK
- Ecological Sciences, the James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK
| | - Tracy A Valentine
- Ecological Sciences, the James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK
| | - Jean A H Robertson
- Environmental and Biochemical Sciences, the James Hutton Institute, Cragiebuckler, Aberdeen, UK
| | | | - Angela M Main
- Environmental and Biochemical Sciences, the James Hutton Institute, Cragiebuckler, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Alison J Karley
- Ecological Sciences, the James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK
| | - Jorunn I B Bos
- Division of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, the James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK
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