1
|
Bakhshani A, Parande Shirvan S, Sadr S, Maleki M, Haghparast A, Borji H. Evaluating the Toxocara cati extract as a therapeutic agent for allergic airway inflammation. Immun Inflamm Dis 2024; 12:e1307. [PMID: 38860753 PMCID: PMC11165684 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hygiene hypothesis suggests that early life exposure to helminth infections can reduce hypersensitivity in the immune system. OBJECTIVE The present study aims to evaluate the effects of Toxocara cati (T. cati) somatic products on allergic airway inflammation. METHODS Between 2018 and 2020, T. cati adult worms were collected from stray cats in Mashhad, Iran (31 out of 186 cats), and their somatic extract was collected. Thirty BALB/c mice were equally divided into three groups, including the OVA group (sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin), the somatic administered group (received somatic extract along with ovalbumin sensitization), and the PBS group (sensitized and challenged with phosphate buffer saline). Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid was collected to assess the number of cells, and lung homogenates were prepared for cytokine analysis. Histopathological analysis of the lungs was performed, and inflammatory cells and mucus were detected. Cytokine levels (IL-4, IL-5, IL-10) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and ovalbumin-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels were determined using a capture ELISA. RESULTS The somatic group significantly decreased regarding the lung pathological changes, including peribronchiolitis, perivasculitis, and eosinophil influx, compared to the group treated with ovalbumin alone. These changes were accompanied by a decrease in proinflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-5 and an increase in the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, indicating a shift toward a more balanced immune response. The number of inflammatory cells in the BAL fluid was also significantly reduced in the somatic group, indicating a decrease in inflammation. CONCLUSION These preclinical findings suggest that in experimental models, T. cati somatic extract exhibits promising potential as a therapeutic agent for mitigating allergic airway inflammation. Its observed effects on immune response modulation and reduction of inflammatory cell infiltration warrant further investigation in clinical studies to assess its efficacy and safety in human patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amin Bakhshani
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineFerdowsi University of MashhadMashhadIran
| | - Sima Parande Shirvan
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineFerdowsi University of MashhadMashhadIran
| | - Soheil Sadr
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineFerdowsi University of MashhadMashhadIran
| | - Mohsen Maleki
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineFerdowsi University of MashhadMashhadIran
| | - Alireza Haghparast
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineFerdowsi University of MashhadMashhadIran
| | - Hassan Borji
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineFerdowsi University of MashhadMashhadIran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yang Q, Li J, Zhang L, Zhao N, Sun X, Wang Z. Type I Cystatin Derived from Cysticercus pisiformis-Stefins, Suppresses LPS-Mediated Inflammatory Response in RAW264.7 Cells. Microorganisms 2024; 12:850. [PMID: 38792680 PMCID: PMC11123757 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12050850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Cysticercus pisiformis is a kind of tapeworm larvae of Taenia pisiformis, which parasitizes the liver envelope, omentum, mesentery, and rectum of rodents such as rabbits. Cysteine protease inhibitors derived from helminth were immunoregulatory molecules of intermediate hosts and had an immunomodulatory function that regulates the production of inflammatory factors. Thus, in the present research, the recombinant Stefin of C. pisiformis was confirmed to have the potential to fight inflammation in LPS-Mediated RAW264.7 murine macrophages. CCK8 test showed that rCpStefin below 50 μg/mL concentration did not affect cellular viability. Moreover, the NO production level determined by the Griess test was decreased. In addition, the secretion levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α as measured by ELISA were decreased. Furthermore, it exerted anti-inflammatory activity by decreasing the production of proinflammatory cytokines and proinflammatory mediators, including IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, iNOS, and COX-2 at the gene transcription level, as measured by qRT-PCR. Therefore, Type I cystatin derived from C. pisiformis suppresses the LPS-Mediated inflammatory response of the intermediate host and is a potential candidate for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xiaolin Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Q.Y.); (J.L.); (L.Z.); (N.Z.)
| | - Zexiang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Q.Y.); (J.L.); (L.Z.); (N.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Reuter S, Raspe J, Taube C. Microbes little helpers and suppliers for therapeutic asthma approaches. Respir Res 2024; 25:29. [PMID: 38218816 PMCID: PMC10787474 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02660-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Bronchial asthma is a prevalent and increasingly chronic inflammatory lung disease affecting over 300 million people globally. Initially considered an allergic disorder driven by mast cells and eosinophils, asthma is now recognized as a complex syndrome with various clinical phenotypes and immunological endotypes. These encompass type 2 inflammatory endotypes characterized by interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13 dominance, alongside others featuring mixed or non-eosinophilic inflammation. Therapeutic success varies significantly based on asthma phenotypes, with inhaled corticosteroids and beta-2 agonists effective for milder forms, but limited in severe cases. Novel antibody-based therapies have shown promise, primarily for severe allergic and type 2-high asthma. To address this gap, novel treatment strategies are essential for better control of asthma pathology, prevention, and exacerbation reduction. One promising approach involves stimulating endogenous anti-inflammatory responses through regulatory T cells (Tregs). Tregs play a vital role in maintaining immune homeostasis, preventing autoimmunity, and mitigating excessive inflammation after pathogenic encounters. Tregs have demonstrated their ability to control both type 2-high and type 2-low inflammation in murine models and dampen human cell-dependent allergic airway inflammation. Furthermore, microbes, typically associated with disease development, have shown immune-dampening properties that could be harnessed for therapeutic benefits. Both commensal microbiota and pathogenic microbes have demonstrated potential in bacterial-host interactions for therapeutic purposes. This review explores microbe-associated approaches as potential treatments for inflammatory diseases, shedding light on current and future therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Reuter
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Essen-Ruhrlandklinik, Tüschener Weg 40, 45239, Essen, Germany.
| | - Jonas Raspe
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Essen-Ruhrlandklinik, Tüschener Weg 40, 45239, Essen, Germany
| | - Christian Taube
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Essen-Ruhrlandklinik, Tüschener Weg 40, 45239, Essen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Simões J, Sales Luís JP, Madeira de Carvalho L, Tilley P. Severely Asthmatic Horses Residing in a Mediterranean Climate Shed a Significantly Lower Number of Parasite Eggs Compared to Healthy Farm Mates. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2928. [PMID: 37760328 PMCID: PMC10525552 DOI: 10.3390/ani13182928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between helminth infection and allergic diseases has long intrigued the scientific community. This interaction was previously studied in a horse family with high incidence of severe equine asthma and in non-related severely asthmatic horses from equine hospital referrals in Switzerland. Our aim was to determine if this interaction would also be observed in a group of non-related client-owned severely asthmatic horses living in a Mediterranean climate and recruited through a first-opinion veterinarian group. Fecal samples from severe equine asthma-affected and healthy horses living in the same farms and subjected to identical environmental and deworming management were evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively. Strongyle-type eggs and Cyathostomum sensu latum larvae were the most abundant parasites in the studied population of horses; no significant differences between the groups were observed regarding the types of egg and infective larvae. However, we observed significant differences in the number of eggs and infective larvae per gram of feces shed, as this number was significantly lower in the SEA group than in the healthy horses. This may indicate that severely asthmatic horses have an intrinsic resistance to gastrointestinal helminths. Further studies in a larger population of horses are required to ascertain the immunological mechanisms responsible for these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joana Simões
- Equine Health and Welfare Academic Division, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusófona University, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal
- CIISA—Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal; (J.P.S.L.); (L.M.d.C.); (P.T.)
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4Animals), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José Paulo Sales Luís
- CIISA—Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal; (J.P.S.L.); (L.M.d.C.); (P.T.)
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4Animals), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luís Madeira de Carvalho
- CIISA—Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal; (J.P.S.L.); (L.M.d.C.); (P.T.)
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4Animals), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paula Tilley
- CIISA—Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal; (J.P.S.L.); (L.M.d.C.); (P.T.)
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4Animals), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shohana NN, Rony SA, Ali MH, Hossain MS, Labony SS, Dey AR, Farjana T, Alam MZ, Alim MA, Anisuzzaman. Ascaridia galli infection in chicken: Pathobiology and immunological orchestra. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e1001. [PMID: 37773698 PMCID: PMC10540146 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ascaridia galli is the largest gut-dwelling helminth of chickens, which confers adverse effects on meat and egg production; thus, on the animal protein supply and the economy. Both adult and immature parasites affect gut health, but larval stages play a major role in pathology. AIMS Here, we present immunology and pathology of A. galli in chickens. MATERIALS AND METHODS Literatures were surveyed through online platforms such as PubMed, Google Scholar and Researchgate. RESULTS The larvae cause excessive mucus production, damage to the intestinal gland, hemorrhage, anemia, diarrhea, and malnutrition. The adult worms can cause death by intestinal obstruction and intussusception. Although both cellular and humoral immunity are involved in fighting against ascariasis, the role of naturally acquired immunity is poorly defined. In cellular immunity, Th-2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, and IL-13), goblet cells (mucin), gut-associated lymphoid tissues, CD8α+ intraepithelial cells, TCRγδ + T cells, and TGF-β4 form a protective band. Type 2 immunity provides protection by forming a network of endogenous damage-associated molecular patterns, chitin, and parasitic antigens. Among antibodies, IgY is the most prominent in chickens and provides temporary humoral protection. During parasitic infection, infiltration of various immune cells is evident, especially in the intestinal epithelium, lamina propria, and crypts of the duodenum and jejunum. In chickens older than 12 weeks, gradual reduction of worm burden is more successful than the younger birds. Female chickens exert a short-lived but higher level of protection by passing IgY to chicks in the form of egg yolk antibodies. In laying conditions, immunity differs between breeds. This review provides an overview of the silent but inevitable pathological changes induced by A. galli and the interaction of host immunity with the parasite.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sharmin Aqter Rony
- Department of ParasitologyBangladesh Agricultural UniversityMymensinghBangladesh
| | - Md. Haydar Ali
- Department of ParasitologyBangladesh Agricultural UniversityMymensinghBangladesh
- Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal ScienceHajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University (HSTU)DinajpurBangladesh
| | - Md. Shahadat Hossain
- Department of ParasitologyBangladesh Agricultural UniversityMymensinghBangladesh
| | | | - Anita Rani Dey
- Department of ParasitologyBangladesh Agricultural UniversityMymensinghBangladesh
| | - Thahsin Farjana
- Department of ParasitologyBangladesh Agricultural UniversityMymensinghBangladesh
| | | | - Md. Abdul Alim
- Department of ParasitologyBangladesh Agricultural UniversityMymensinghBangladesh
| | - Anisuzzaman
- Department of ParasitologyBangladesh Agricultural UniversityMymensinghBangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Al-kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Alkazmi L, El-Bouseary MM, Hamad RS, Abdelhamid M, Batiha GES. The Potential Nexus between Helminths and SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Literature Review. J Immunol Res 2023; 2023:5544819. [PMID: 37383608 PMCID: PMC10299886 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5544819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic helminth infections (CHIs) can induce immunological tolerance through the upregulation of regulatory T cells. In coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), abnormal adaptive immune response and exaggerated immune response may cause immune-mediated tissue damage. Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and CHIs establish complicated immune interactions due to SARS-CoV-2-induced immunological stimulation and CHIs-induced immunological tolerance. However, COVID-19 severity in patients with CHIs is mild, as immune-suppressive anti-inflammatory cytokines counterbalance the risk of cytokine storm. Since CHIs have immunomodulatory effects, therefore, this narrative review aimed to clarify how CHIs modulate the immunoinflammatory response in SARS-CoV-2 infection. CHIs, through helminth-derived molecules, may suppress SARS-CoV-2 entry and associated hyperinflammation through attenuation of the inflammatory signaling pathway. In addition, CHIs may reduce the COVID-19 severity by reducing the SARS-CoV-2 entry points in the initial phase and immunomodulation in the late phase of the disease by suppressing the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In conclusion, CHIs may reduce the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection by reducing hyperinflammation and exaggerated immune response. Thus, retrospective and prospective studies are recommended in this regard.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hayder M. Al-kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali I. Al-Gareeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Luay Alkazmi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maisra M. El-Bouseary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Rabab S. Hamad
- Biological Sciences Department, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Central Laboratory, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza 12411, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Abdelhamid
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan 81528, Egypt
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chakraborty P, Aravindhan V, Mukherjee S. Helminth-derived biomacromolecules as therapeutic agents for treating inflammatory and infectious diseases: What lessons do we get from recent findings? Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 241:124649. [PMID: 37119907 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Despite the tremendous progress in healthcare sectors, a number of life-threatening infectious, inflammatory, and autoimmune diseases are continuously challenging mankind throughout the globe. In this context, recent successes in utilizing helminth parasite-derived bioactive macromolecules viz. glycoproteins, enzymes, polysaccharides, lipids/lipoproteins, nucleic acids/nucleotides, and small organic molecules for treating various disorders primarily resulted from inflammation. Among the several parasites that infect humans, helminths (cestodes, nematodes, and trematodes) are known as efficient immune manipulators owing to their explicit ability to modulate and modify the innate and adaptive immune responses of humans. These molecules selectively bind to immune receptors on innate and adaptive immune cells and trigger multiple signaling pathways to elicit anti-inflammatory cytokines, expansion of alternatively activated macrophages, T-helper 2, and immunoregulatory T regulatory cell types to induce an anti-inflammatory milieu. Reduction of pro-inflammatory responses and repair of tissue damage by these anti-inflammatory mediators have been exploited for treating a number of autoimmune, allergic, and metabolic diseases. Herein, the potential and promises of different helminths/helminth-derived products as therapeutic agents in ameliorating immunopathology of different human diseases and their mechanistic insights of function at cell and molecular level alongside the molecular signaling cross-talks have been reviewed by incorporating up-to-date findings achieved in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pritha Chakraborty
- Integrative Biochemistry & Immunology Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Kazi Nazrul University, Asansol 713340, India
| | | | - Suprabhat Mukherjee
- Integrative Biochemistry & Immunology Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Kazi Nazrul University, Asansol 713340, India.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abou-El-Naga IF, Mogahed NMFH. Potential roles of Toxocara canis larval excretory secretory molecules in immunomodulation and immune evasion. Acta Trop 2023; 238:106784. [PMID: 36502886 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Toxocara canis larvae invade various tissues of different vertebrate species without developing into adults in paratenic host. The long-term survival of the larvae despite exposure to the well-armed immune response is a notable achievement. The larvae modulate the immune response to help the survival of both the host and the larvae. They skew the immune response to type 2/regulatory phenotype. The outstanding ability of the larvae to modulate the host immune response and to evade the immune arms is attributed to the secretion of Toxocara excretory-secretory products (TESPs). TESPs are complex mixture of differing molecules. The present review deals with the molecular composition of the TESPs, their interaction with the host molecules, their effect on the innate immune response, the receptor recognition, the downstream signals the adaptive immunity and the repair of tissues. This review also addresses the role of TESPs molecules in the immune evasion strategy and the potential effect of the induced immunomodulation in some diseases. Identification of parasite components that influence the nematode-host interactions could enhance understanding the molecular basis of nematode pathogenicity. Furthermore, the identification of helminths molecules with immunomodulatory potential could be used in immunotherapies for some diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iman F Abou-El-Naga
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, 12 Abdel Hamid El Deeb Street, Tharwat, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Nermine M F H Mogahed
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, 12 Abdel Hamid El Deeb Street, Tharwat, Alexandria, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bao J, Qi W, Sun C, Tian M, Jiao H, Guo G, Guo B, Ren Y, Zheng H, Wang Y, Yan M, Zhang Z, McManus DP, Li J, Zhang W. Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto and antigen B may decrease inflammatory bowel disease through regulation of M1/2 polarization. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:391. [PMID: 36289514 PMCID: PMC9608937 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05498-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic idiopathic disease characterized by inflammation-related epithelial barrier damage in the intestinal tract. Helminth infection reduces autoimmune disease symptoms through regulation of inflammatory responses based on hygiene theory. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Methods BALB/c mice were infected with microcysts of E. granulosus sensu stricto and drank water containing 3.5% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) at the 100th day post-infection. After 7 days of drinking DSS, the mouse body weight change and disease activity index (DAI) were recorded every day, and colon length and histological score were evaluated after sacrifice. After injection with antigen B (AgB), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and Fizz1 expression and F4/80+CD11c+ M1 and F4/80+CD206+ M2 in the peritoneal cells and colon tissues were analysed by qPCR and flow cytometry, respectively. Gut microbiota were profiled by 16S rRNA sequencing of the mouse faecal samples. For in vitro assay, RAW264.7 macrophages were cultured in medium containing AgB before induction by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Then, NO in the supernatant was measured, and the expression of cytokine genes associated with macrophages were determined by qRT-PCR. Results Echinococcus granulosus s.s. infection and AgB significantly reduced the symptoms and histological scores of IBD induced by DSS (P < 0.05). Flow cytometry showed that AgB inoculation increased F4/80+ and CD206+ in peritoneal cells. The results of qPCR showed that AgB significantly decreased iNOS and increased Fizz1 expression in the colon of mice inoculated by DSS (P < 0.05). Furthermore, AgB injection led to significant changes in the profiles of five genera (Paraprevotella, Odoribacter, Clostridium cluster XlVa, Oscillibacter, and Flavonifractor) in faecal samples. In vitro analysis showed that AgB reduced NO levels (P < 0.01), with a significant decrease in iNOS expression (P < 0.05) in RAW264.7 cells induced by LPS. Conclusions Echinococcus granulosus infection and AgB may improve IBD conditions by inducing an M2-predominant cellular (F4/80+ CD206+) profile and decreasing type 1 macrophages (F4/80+CD11c+) in the intestinal lamina propria. In addition, AgB intervention induced changes in the microbiota condition of the gastrointestinal duct and reversed NO expression. Thus, AgB may be a drug candidate for IBD treatment. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-022-05498-y.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianling Bao
- grid.13394.3c0000 0004 1799 3993State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054 Xinjiang China
| | - Wenjing Qi
- grid.13394.3c0000 0004 1799 3993State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054 Xinjiang China
| | - Chang Sun
- grid.13394.3c0000 0004 1799 3993State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054 Xinjiang China
| | - Mengxiao Tian
- grid.13394.3c0000 0004 1799 3993State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054 Xinjiang China ,grid.13394.3c0000 0004 1799 3993Basic Medicine College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011 Xinjiang China
| | - Hongjie Jiao
- grid.13394.3c0000 0004 1799 3993State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054 Xinjiang China
| | - Gang Guo
- grid.13394.3c0000 0004 1799 3993State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054 Xinjiang China
| | - Baoping Guo
- grid.13394.3c0000 0004 1799 3993State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054 Xinjiang China
| | - Yuan Ren
- grid.13394.3c0000 0004 1799 3993State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054 Xinjiang China
| | - Huajun Zheng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China ,grid.464306.30000 0004 0410 5707Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Yuezhu Wang
- grid.464306.30000 0004 0410 5707Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Mei Yan
- grid.13394.3c0000 0004 1799 3993State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054 Xinjiang China
| | - Zhaoxia Zhang
- grid.13394.3c0000 0004 1799 3993State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054 Xinjiang China
| | - Donald P. McManus
- grid.1049.c0000 0001 2294 1395Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD Australia
| | - Jun Li
- grid.13394.3c0000 0004 1799 3993State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054 Xinjiang China
| | - Wenbao Zhang
- grid.13394.3c0000 0004 1799 3993State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054 Xinjiang China ,grid.13394.3c0000 0004 1799 3993Basic Medicine College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011 Xinjiang China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mkhize‐Kwitshana ZL, Naidoo P, Nkwanyana NM, Mabaso MLH. Concurrent allergy and helminthiasis in underprivileged urban South African adults previously residing in rural areas. Parasite Immunol 2022; 44:e12913. [PMID: 35188279 PMCID: PMC9539504 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated whether prior exposure to helminths (Ascaris IgE, Ascaris eggs and Trichuris eggs) either in childhood or in adulthood, and residence in rural and resource‐limited urban areas influence allergy outcomes (asthma, rhinitis, IgE atopy and food allergy) in a South African population. Participants historical and present allergies data were collected through questionnaires and clinical record files. Coproscopy and immunoassays (ImmunoCAPTM Phadiatop, total IgE and allergen‐specific fx3 IgE immunoassays and Ascaris IgE radioallergosorbent [RAST] tests) were used for active helminthiasis and allergy screens respectively. Data were analysed using logistic regression analysis, and models were adjusted for age, gender and locality. High Ascaris IgE was significantly associated with asthma (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.20, p = .047), IgE atopy (aOR = 18.18, p < .0001) and food allergy (aOR = 14.47, p < .0001). Asthma was significantly less likely among participants with Ascaris eggs (aOR = 0.43, p = .048) and Trichuris eggs (aOR = 0.36, p = .024). The findings of co‐occurrent helminthiasis and allergic disorders in a population that has resided both in rural and peri‐urban informal settlements both oppose and agree with two main notions of the hygiene hypothesis that (i) individuals residing in rural settings with poor sanitation and geohelminth infection are less prone to allergy, and (ii) helminth infections protect against allergy respectively. Further research is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zilungile L. Mkhize‐Kwitshana
- Department of Medical Microbiology School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences College of Health Sciences Nelson R. Mandela Medical School Campus University of KwaZulu‐Natal Durban South Africa 4001
- Research Capacity Development Division South African Medical Research Council Tygerberg, Cape Town South Africa 7505
| | - Pragalathan Naidoo
- Department of Medical Microbiology School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences College of Health Sciences Nelson R. Mandela Medical School Campus University of KwaZulu‐Natal Durban South Africa 4001
- Research Capacity Development Division South African Medical Research Council Tygerberg, Cape Town South Africa 7505
| | - Ntombifikile M. Nkwanyana
- Discipline of Public Health Medicine School of Nursing and Public Health College of Health Sciences Howard College University of KwaZulu Natal Durban South Africa 4041
| | - Musawenkosi L. H. Mabaso
- Human Sciences Research Council (HAST) The Atrium, 5th Floor, 430 Peter Mokaba Street Berea, Durban South Africa 4001
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mkandawire TT, Grencis RK, Berriman M, Duque-Correa MA. Hatching of parasitic nematode eggs: a crucial step determining infection. Trends Parasitol 2022; 38:174-187. [PMID: 34538735 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2021.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Although hatching from eggs is fundamental for nematode biology it remains poorly understood. For animal-parasitic nematodes in particular, advancement has been slow since the 1980s. Understanding such a crucial life-cycle process would greatly improve the tractability of parasitic nematodes as experimental systems, advance fundamental knowledge, and enable translational research. Here, we review the role of eggs in the nematode life cycle and the current knowledge on the hatching cascade, including the different inducing and contributing factors, and highlight specific areas of the field that remain unknown. We examine how these knowledge gaps could be addressed and discuss their potential impact and application in nematode parasite research, treatment, and control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard K Grencis
- The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Matrix Research and Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Xing Y, Wong GWK. Environmental Influences and Allergic Diseases in the Asia-Pacific Region: What Will Happen in Next 30 Years? ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2022; 14:21-39. [PMID: 34983105 PMCID: PMC8724831 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2022.14.1.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Asia-Pacific is a populous region with remarkable variations in socioeconomic development and environmental exposure among countries. The prevalence rates of asthma and allergic rhinitis appear to have recently reached a plateau in Western countries, whereas they are still increasing in many Asian countries. Given the large population in Asia, even a slight increase in the prevalence rate will translate into an overwhelming number of patients. To reduce the magnitude of the increase in allergic diseases in next few decades in Asia, we must understand the potential factors leading to the occurrence of these disorders and the development of potential preventive strategies. The etiology of allergic disorders is likely due to complex interactions among genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors for the manifestations of inappropriate immune responses. As urbanization and industrialization inevitably progress in Asia, there is an urgent need to curtail the upcoming waves of the allergy epidemic. Potentially modifiable risk exposure, such as air pollution, should be minimized through timely implementation of effective legislations. Meanwhile, re-introduction of protective factors that were once part of the traditional farming lifestyle might give new insight into primary prevention of allergy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Xing
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gary Wing-Kin Wong
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Helminth-Induced Human Gastrointestinal Dysbiosis: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Reveals Insights into Altered Taxon Diversity and Microbial Gradient Collapse. mBio 2021; 12:e0289021. [PMID: 34933444 PMCID: PMC8689561 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02890-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
High-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing has allowed the characterization of helminth-uninfected (HU) and helminth-infected (HI) gut microbiomes, revealing distinct profiles. However, there have been no qualitative or quantitative syntheses of these studies, which show marked variation in participant age, diet, pathogen of interest, and study location. A predefined minimally biased search strategy identified 23 studies in humans. For each of these studies, we qualitatively addressed the effects of helminth infection on within-individual (alpha) and between-individual (beta) fecal microbiome diversity, infection-associated microbial taxa, the effect of helminth clearance on microbiome composition, microbiome composition as a predictor of infection status or treatment outcome, and treatment-specific effects on the fecal microbiome. Concomitantly, we performed a meta-analysis on a subset of 7 of these studies containing raw, paired-end 16S reads and individual-level metadata, comprising 424 pretreatment or untreated HI individuals and 497 HU controls. After reducing the batch effect and adjusting for age, our data demonstrated that intestinal helminth parasites can alter the host gut microbiome by increasing alpha diversity and promoting taxonomic reassortment and gradient collapse. Most strongly influencing the microbiome composition were the helminths found in the large intestine, Enterobius vermicularis and Trichuris trichiura, suggesting that this influence appears to be specific to soil-transmitted helminths (STH) species and host anatomical niche. In summary, using a large and diverse sample set captured in the meta-analysis, we were able to evaluate the influence of individual helminth species as well as species-species interactions, each of which explained a significant portion of the variation in the microbiome.
Collapse
|
14
|
Comorbidities and Environmental Factors Associated with Atopic Dermatitis in Children and Adults in Dermatology-Venereology in Cotonou, Benin. Dermatol Res Pract 2021; 2021:1502721. [PMID: 34868303 PMCID: PMC8635930 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1502721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The objective of this work was to document the comorbidities and environmental factors associated with atopic dermatitis (AD) in dermatology Venereology in Cotonou. Methods A cross-sectional, prospective, and analytical study included, from January 2016 to December 2018, in the Dermatology-Venereology Department of the National Teaching Hospital Hubert Koutoukou Maga (CNHU-HKM) of Cotonou, children and adults after free and informed consent, in whom the diagnosis of AD was retained according to the criteria of the United Kingdom Working Party. Severity was assessed using SCORAD (severity scoring of atopic dermatitis). Results The overall prevalence of AD was 7.7%. AD was more frequent in children (56.8% and 40.6%) and adults (59.8% and 37.4%) from urban and periurban areas (0.003 < p < 0.034). It was more frequent in children who regularly dewormed and those with complete vaccination (0.001 < p < 0.01). In 54.8% of children and 58.9% of adults, flare-ups occurred during the warm season. The main associated comorbidities were rhinitis and conjunctivitis in both children (49.7% and 36.1%, respectively) and adults (32.7% and 26.2%, respectively). The main triggering factors in children were heat (43.2%), pneumallergens (28.4%), and skin irritants (22.6%). In adults, we noted skin irritants (58.9%), heat (47.7%), and psychological factors (34.6%). In adults, the use of detergent soaps was associated with lichenified and severe AD (0.003 < p < 0.006) and that of lightening soaps with acute AD (p=0.042). Conclusion AD in the Dermatology-Venereology Department of the CNHU-HKM of Cotonou was associated with comorbidities. It was influenced by environmental factors related to the tropical climate and by skin irritants or allergens.
Collapse
|
15
|
Jakubczyk D, Górska S. Impact of Probiotic Bacteria on Respiratory Allergy Disorders. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:688137. [PMID: 34234762 PMCID: PMC8256161 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.688137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory allergy is a common disease with an increased prevalence worldwide. The effective remedy is still unknown, and a new therapeutic approach is highly desirable. The review elaborates the influence of probiotic bacteria on respiratory allergy prevention and treatment with particular emphasis on the impact of the current methods of their administration – oral and intranasal. The background of the respiratory allergy is complex thus, we focused on the usefulness of probiotics in the alleviation of different allergy factors, in particular involved in pathomechanism, local hypersensitive evidence and the importance of epithelial barrier. In this review, we have shown that (1) probiotic strains may vary in modulatory potential in respiratory allergy, (2) probiotic bacteria are beneficial in oral and intranasal administration, (3) recombinant probiotic bacteria can modulate the course of respiratory allergy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Jakubczyk
- Laboratory of Microbiome Immunobiology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Sabina Górska
- Laboratory of Microbiome Immunobiology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bancroft AJ, Grencis RK. Immunoregulatory molecules secreted by Trichuris muris. Parasitology 2021; 148:1-7. [PMID: 34075864 PMCID: PMC8660643 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182021000846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Trichuris, whipworm nematode infections are prevalent in humans, domestic livestock and mammals. All share an epithelial dwelling niche and similar life cycle with the chronic infections that follow implying that immune evasion mechanisms are operating. Nematode excretory secretory (ES) products have been shown to be a rich source of immunomodulatory molecules for many species. The Trichuris muris model is a natural parasite of mice and has been used extensively to study host–parasite interactions and provides a tractable platform for investigation of the immunoregulatory capacity of whipworm ES. The present review details progress in identification of the composition of T. muris ES, immunomodulatory components and their potential mechanisms of action. The adult T. muris secretome is dominated by one protein with modulatory capacity although remains to be completely characterized. In addition, the secretome contains multiple other proteins and small molecules that have immunomodulatory potential, certainly by comparison to other Trichuris species. Moreover, T. muris-derived exosomes/exosome-like vesicles contain both protein and multiple miRNAs providing an alternate delivery process for molecules with the potential to modulate host immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allison J. Bancroft
- Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology and Inflammation, ManchesterM13 9PT, UK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Matrix Research, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, ManchesterM13 9PT, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, ManchesterM13 9PL, UK
| | - Richard K. Grencis
- Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology and Inflammation, ManchesterM13 9PT, UK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Matrix Research, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, ManchesterM13 9PT, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, ManchesterM13 9PL, UK
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Apsari PIB, Arwati H, Dachlan YP. Correlation of Total IgE Level and Intensity of Infection among Soil Transmitted Helminthiasis Farmers in Klungkung Regency, Bali, Indonesia. FOLIA MEDICA INDONESIANA 2021. [DOI: 10.20473/fmi.v55i2.24562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The phenomena of increasing total IgE level in Soil Transmitted Helminthiasis and its protective role in resistance of infection remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between total IgE and the intensity of Soil transmitted helminthiasis among farmers in these area. Total 162 farmer, age ranged 25-80 years participated in this cross sectional analytic study. Kato-Katz method was used to diagnose Soil Transmitted Helminthiasis and to determined infection intensity based on egg per gram (EPG). Total IgE levels were measured by enzyme linked flourescent assay (ELFA). The results of this study showed that 13,56% farmer positive for Soil Transmitted Helminthiasis, with single infection of Ascaris lumbricoides were 1,85%, 9,26% for Trichuris trichiura, 0,61% for Hookworm and mixed infection that were 1,23% for A.lumbricoides+T.trichiura 0,61% for A.lumbricoides+Hookworm. The intensity of infection were in mild category. Total IgE level in Soil transmitted Helminthiasis group was significantly different compared with noninfected group (p<0.05, t-test). There was significant correlation between EPG and total IgE level (r=0.667, p=0.001, Spearman test). As a conclusion total IgE level was significantly correlated with EPG, this fact can be used to develop management of Soil Transmitted Helminthiasis theraphy.
Collapse
|
18
|
Ayelign B, Akalu Y, Teferi B, Molla MD, Shibabaw T. Helminth Induced Immunoregulation and Novel Therapeutic Avenue of Allergy. J Asthma Allergy 2020; 13:439-451. [PMID: 33116652 PMCID: PMC7548329 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s273556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic diseases are increasing at an alarming rate worldwide, particularly in developed countries. In contrast, there is a decrease in the prevalence of helminthic infections and other neglected diseases. The hygiene hypothesis elaborates parasitic infection, and allergy-associated diseases have an inverse relationship. Acute helminthic infection and allergic reaction stimulate Type 2 helper cells (Th2) immune response with up-regulation of cytokines IL-4-, IL-5-, and IL-13-mediated IgE and mast cell production, as well as eosinophilia. However, people who chronically suffer from helminthic infections are demarcated through polarized Th2 resulting in alternative macrophage activation and T regulatory response. This regulatory system reduces allergy incidence in individuals that are chronically diseased through helminth. As a result, the excretory-secretory (ES) substance derived from parasites and extracellular vesicular components can be used as a novel therapeutic modality of allergy. Therefore, the aim of this review meticulously explored the link between helminth infection and allergy, and utilization of the helminth secretome for therapeutic immunomodulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Birhanu Ayelign
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Yonas Akalu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Banchamlak Teferi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Meseret Derbew Molla
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Tewodros Shibabaw
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Filbey KJ, Mehta PH, Meijlink KJ, Pellefigues C, Schmidt AJ, Le Gros G. The Gastrointestinal Helminth Heligmosomoides bakeri Suppresses Inflammation in a Model of Contact Hypersensitivity. Front Immunol 2020; 11:950. [PMID: 32508831 PMCID: PMC7249854 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Helminths regulate host immune responses to ensure their own long-term survival. Numerous studies have demonstrated that these helminth-induced regulatory mechanisms can also limit host inflammatory responses in several disease models. We used the Heligmosomoides bakeri (Hb) infection model (also known as H. polygyrus or H. polygyrus bakeri in the literature) to test whether such immune regulation affects skin inflammatory responses induced by the model contact sensitiser dibutyl phthalate fluorescein isothiocynate (DBP-FITC). Skin lysates from DBP-FITC-sensitized, Hb-infected mice produced less neutrophil specific chemokines and had significantly reduced levels of skin thickening and cellular inflammatory responses in tissue and draining lymph nodes (LNs) compared to uninfected mice. Hb-induced suppression did not appear to be mediated by regulatory T cells, nor was it due to impaired dendritic cell (DC) activity. Mice cleared of infection remained unresponsive to DBP-FITC sensitization indicating that suppression was not via the secretion of Hb-derived short-lived regulatory molecules, although long-term effects on cells cannot be ruled out. Importantly, similar helminth-induced suppression of inflammation was also seen in the draining LN after intradermal injection of the ubiquitous allergen house dust mite (HDM). These findings demonstrate that Hb infection attenuates skin inflammatory responses by suppressing chemokine production and recruitment of innate cells. These findings further contribute to the growing body of evidence that helminth infection can modulate inflammatory and allergic responses via a number of mechanisms with potential to be exploited in therapeutic and preventative strategies in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kara J Filbey
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Palak H Mehta
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | | | | | | | - Graham Le Gros
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Magnaval JF, Fillaux J, Cassaing S, Valentin A, Iriart X, Berry A. Human toxocariasis and atopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 27:32. [PMID: 32400389 PMCID: PMC7219086 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2020029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
To assess the possible influence of atopy on the clinical picture of human toxocariasis, a retrospective study was carried out using file records for patients who attended the Outpatient Clinic of Parasitology in Toulouse University Hospitals. A total of 106 file records for patients who had been diagnosed with common/covert toxocariasis were extracted from the database. Forty-nine patients (20 females and 29 males) were considered atopic since they exhibited a long (≥ 1 year) history of various allergic issues along with a titer ≥ 0.7 kIU/L for specific IgE against at least two out of nine mixes of common inhalant allergens. Fifty-seven patients (42 females and 15 males) were designated nonatopic on the basis of a negative result (<0.35 kIU/L) of the test for specific IgE. Demographic (age and sex), clinical (20 signs or symptoms) and laboratory (blood eosinophil count, eosinophil cationic protein, serum total IgE, and specific anti-Toxocara IgE) variables were investigated by bivariate analysis followed by multivariate regression analysis using "atopy" as the outcome variable. On the basis of our results, the clinical or laboratory picture of toxocaral disease was not affected by the presence of an atopic status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Magnaval
- Service de Parasitologie Médicale, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Toulouse, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Judith Fillaux
- Service de Parasitologie et Mycologie, Université de Toulouse, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, TSA 40031-31059 Toulouse cedex 9, France - PharmaDev, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, 31062 Toulouse cedex 9, France
| | - Sophie Cassaing
- Service de Parasitologie et Mycologie, Université de Toulouse, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, TSA 40031-31059 Toulouse cedex 9, France - PharmaDev, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, 31062 Toulouse cedex 9, France
| | - Alexis Valentin
- Service de Parasitologie et Mycologie, Université de Toulouse, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, TSA 40031-31059 Toulouse cedex 9, France - PharmaDev, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, 31062 Toulouse cedex 9, France
| | - Xavier Iriart
- Service de Parasitologie et Mycologie, Université de Toulouse, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, TSA 40031-31059 Toulouse cedex 9, France - Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse-Purpan (CPTP), Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, UPS, TSA 40031-31059 Toulouse cedex 9, France
| | - Antoine Berry
- Service de Parasitologie et Mycologie, Université de Toulouse, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, TSA 40031-31059 Toulouse cedex 9, France - Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse-Purpan (CPTP), Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, UPS, TSA 40031-31059 Toulouse cedex 9, France
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Della Bella C, Spinicci M, Rojo D, Grassi A, Gamboa H, Benagiano M, Torrez R, Tapinassi S, Gabrielli S, Cancrini G, Macchioni F, Alnwaisri H, Azzurri A, Monasterio J, Montresor A, Olliaro P, D’Elios MM, Bartoloni A. Decline in Total Serum IgE and Soluble CD30 in the Context of Soil-Transmitted Helminth Decline in Bolivia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 102:847-850. [PMID: 31989919 PMCID: PMC7124912 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.19-0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In the Bolivian Chaco, recent surveys documented a dramatic decrease in the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections as compared with the 1980s after thirty years of preventive chemotherapy (PC). Concomitant immunological rearrangements are expected. Because nematode infections are associated with increased levels of circulating IgE and glycoprotein CD30 soluble form (sCD30), this study aims to evaluate changes in serological markers of T helper (Th)2-cells activity between 1987 (high STH prevalence) and 2013 (low STH prevalence) in rural communities in the Bolivian Chaco area. We collected 151 sera during two different surveys in 1987 (n = 65) and 2013 (n = 86) and measured the concentration of total IgE and sCD30 by immunoassays. We found a statistically significant age-independent decrease in the total IgE (P < 0.0001) and sCD30 (P < 0.0001) from 1987 to 2013. The significant decrease in serological Th2 markers (IgE and sCD30) between 1987 and 2013 is consistent with the drop in STH prevalence in this geographical area during the same period of time. Further studies might elucidate the clinical and epidemiological impact of these serological rearrangements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Della Bella
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Michele Spinicci
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - David Rojo
- Escuela de Salud del Chaco Tekove Katu, Gutierrez, Plurinational State of Bolivia
| | - Alessia Grassi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Herlan Gamboa
- Facultad Integral del Chaco, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno, Camiri, Plurinational State of Bolivia
| | - Marisa Benagiano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Roberto Torrez
- Servicio Departamental de Salud (SEDES) de Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, Plurinational State of Bolivia
| | - Simona Tapinassi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Simona Gabrielli
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Università di Roma Sapienza, Roma, Italy
| | - Gabriella Cancrini
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Università di Roma Sapienza, Roma, Italy
| | - Fabio Macchioni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Heba Alnwaisri
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Annalisa Azzurri
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Joaquín Monasterio
- Servicio Departamental de Salud (SEDES) de Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, Plurinational State of Bolivia
| | - Antonio Montresor
- Department of Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTD), World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Piero Olliaro
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mario Milco D’Elios
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bartoloni
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Antigenic cross-reactivity between Schistosoma mansoni and allergenic invertebrates putatively due to shared glycanic epitopes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3350. [PMID: 32099050 PMCID: PMC7042331 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59892-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that rabbit IgG antibodies against Schistosoma mansoni egg antigens (SmSEA) cross-react with allergens in natural rubber latex, peanuts and grass and tree pollens. Here we describe antigenic molecules that cross-react with rabbit anti-S. mansoni IgG antibodies in extracts of the house dust mite (HDM) Dermatophagoides farinae, the Australian cockroach (ACR) Periplaneta australasiae and in the venom of the honey bee Apis mellifera (HBV). Tandem mass spectrometry identified the cross-reactive allergens as Der f 15 in HDM, two homologues of the Periplaneta americana cockroach allergen Cr-PI/Per a 3 in ACR and two isoforms of the allergen Api m 1 (phospholipase A2: PLA2) in HBV. Cross-reactive rabbit anti-SmSEA IgG antibodies eluted from the three invertebrate allergens reacted with S. mansoni egg antigens and variably with schistosome cercarial and worm antigens. Treatment of the electroblotted allergens with sodium metaperiodate abrogated most of the cross-reactivity of the rabbit anti-SmSEA antibodies, suggesting it was due to cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCDs). Furthermore, analyses of the allergens’ amino acid sequences indicated that they had potential for both N- and O-linked glycosylation. A potential role for the CCDs shared by the schistosome and invertebrates in inducing an allergy-protective effect, as proposed by the hygiene hypothesis, is discussed.
Collapse
|
23
|
Role of early life immune regulation in asthma development. Semin Immunopathol 2019; 42:29-42. [PMID: 31873782 PMCID: PMC7079989 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-019-00774-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Development of childhood asthma is complex with a strong interaction of genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. Ultimately, it is critical how the immune system of a child responds to these influences and whether effective strategies for a balanced and healthy immune maturation can be assured. Pregnancy and early childhood are particularly susceptible for exogenous influences due to the developing nature of a child’s immune system. While endogenous influences such as family history and the genetic background are immutable, epigenetic regulations can be modulated by both heredity and environmental exposures. Prenatal influences such as a mother’s nutrition, smoking, or infections influence the complex interplay of innate and adaptive immune regulation as well as peri- and postnatal influences including mode of delivery. Early in life, induction and continuous training of healthy maturation include balanced innate immunity (e.g., via innate lymphoid cells) and an equilibrium of T-cell subpopulations (e.g., via regulatory T cells) to counter-regulate potential pro-inflammatory or exuberant immune reactions. Later in childhood, rather compensatory immune mechanisms are required to modulate deviant regulation of a child’s already primed immune trajectory. The specific effects of exogenous and endogenous influences on a child’s maturing immune system are summarized in this review, and its importance and potential intervention for early prevention and treatment strategies are delineated.
Collapse
|
24
|
. N, Irawati N, Darwin E, Lipoeto NI. Relationship Between Interleukin-10, Cholesterol and Blood Glucose Levels in Geohelminth Positive Adolescents and Adults. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.3923/jms.2020.18.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
|
25
|
Sun X, Li Y, Naqvi MAUH, Naqvi SZ, Chu W, Xu L, Song X, Li X, Yan R. Succinate Coenzyme A Ligase Beta-Like Protein from Trichinella spiralis Suppresses the Immune Functions of Rat PBMCs in Vitro and Inhibits the Secretions of Interleukin-17 in Vivo. Vaccines (Basel) 2019; 7:vaccines7040167. [PMID: 31684056 PMCID: PMC6963543 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines7040167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Succinate Coenzyme A ligase beta-like protein (SUCLA-β) is a subunit of Succinyl-coenzyme A synthetase, which is involved in substrate synergism, unusual kinetic reaction in which the presence of SUCLA-β for one partial reaction stimulates another partial reaction. Trichinella spiralis is a parasitic nematode, which may hinder the development of autoimmune diseases. Immunomodulatory effects of SUCLA-β from Trichinella spiralis in the parasite-host interaction are unidentified. In this study the gene encoding T. spiralis SUCLA-β was cloned and expressed. Binding activities of recombinant T. spiralis SUCLA-β (rTs-SUCLA-β) to rat peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were checked by immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and the immuno-regulatory effects of rTs-SUCLA-β on cell migration, cell proliferation, nitric oxide (NO) production and apoptosis were observed by co-incubation of rTs-SUCLA-β with rat PBMCs in vitro, while cytokine secretions in rTs-SUCLA-β treated rats were evaluated in vivo. Furthermore, phagocytosis of monocytes was detected by flow cytometry and effects of rTs-SUCLA-β-induced protective immunity on T. spiralis adult worms and muscle larva were evaluated in rats. The IFA results revealed that rTs-SUCLA-β could bind to rat PBMCs. Treatment of PBMCs with rTs-SUCLA-β significantly decreased the monocyte phagocytosis, cell migration and cell proliferation, while NO production and apoptosis of PBMCs were unaffected. Results of the in vivo study showed that the IL-17 secretion decreased significantly after rTs-SUCLA-β administration in rats, while no significant effects were observed on the secretions of IFN-γ, IL-9, TGF-β and IL-4. Moreover, significant reduction of T. spiralis muscle larvae burden and significant increase in anti-rTs-SUCLA-β immunoglobulin level of IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a was observed in rTs-SUCLA-β-administered rats. The results indicated that rTs-SUCLA-β may be a potential target for controlling T. spiralis infection by suppressing the immune functions of the rat PBMCs and by reducing the parasite burden. Additionally it may also contribute to the treatment of autoimmune diseases and graft rejection by suppressing IL-17 immune response in the host.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoke Sun
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Yin Li
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Muhammad Ali-Ul-Husnain Naqvi
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Sana Zahra Naqvi
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Wen Chu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Lixin Xu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Xiaokai Song
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Xiangrui Li
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Ruofeng Yan
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Gonçales JP, Nobrega CGO, Nascimento WRC, Lorena VMB, Peixoto DM, Costa VMA, Barbosa CS, Solé D, Sarinho ESC, Souza VMO. Cytokine production in allergic and Trichuris trichiura-infected children from an urban region of the Brazilian northeast. Parasitol Int 2019; 74:101918. [PMID: 31004803 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2019.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between the cellular immune response during Trichuris trichiura infection and asthma has not yet been established. In this study, the cytokines interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-17A were evaluated in asthmatic children harboring T. trichiura. For this assessment, asthmatic and non-asthmatic children (ISAAC questionnaire) were submitted to parasitological tests and blood samples were cultured (mitogen stimulation) for cytokine measurements in the supernatant. Asthma frequencies were similar in infected and uninfected children, but IL-4, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-10 levels were high in the infected asthmatic children. Additionally, infected non-asthmatic children exhibited high levels of these cytokines in relation to uninfected non-asthmatic children; however, cytokine levels were lower when compared with infected and asthmatic children. Therefore, T. trichiura infection positively modulated the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in asthmatic children, but a background of asthma seemed to narrow the production of cytokines induced by this helminth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliana P Gonçales
- Immunology Section, Keizo Asami Immunopathology Laboratory (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Cassia G O Nobrega
- Immunology Section, Keizo Asami Immunopathology Laboratory (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Wheverton R C Nascimento
- Immunology Section, Keizo Asami Immunopathology Laboratory (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil; Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Virginia M B Lorena
- Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Décio M Peixoto
- Research Center for Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Vlaudia M A Costa
- Immunology Section, Keizo Asami Immunopathology Laboratory (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Constança S Barbosa
- Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Dirceu Solé
- Division of Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Emanuel S C Sarinho
- Research Center for Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Valdênia M O Souza
- Immunology Section, Keizo Asami Immunopathology Laboratory (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Reyes JL, Lopes F, Leung G, Jayme TS, Matisz CE, Shute A, Burkhard R, Carneiro M, Workentine ML, Wang A, Petri B, Beck PL, Geuking MB, McKay DM. Macrophages treated with antigen from the tapeworm Hymenolepis diminuta condition CD25 + T cells to suppress colitis. FASEB J 2019; 33:5676-5689. [PMID: 30668930 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802160r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages play central roles in immunity as early effectors and modulating adaptive immune reponses; we implicated macrophages in the anticolitic effect of infection with the tapeworm Hymenolepis diminuta. Here, gene arrays revealed that H. diminuta antigen (HdAg) evoked a program in murine macrophages distinct from that elicited by IL-4. Further, HdAg suppressed LPS-evoked release of TNF-α and IL-1β from macrophages via autocrine IL-10 signaling. In assessing the ability of macrophages treated in vitro with an extract of H. diminuta [M(HdAg)] to affect disease, intravenous, but not peritoneal, injection of M(HdAg) protected wild-type but not RAG1-/- mice from dinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (DNBS)-induced colitis. Administration of splenic CD4+ T cells from in vitro cocultures with M(HdAg), but not those cocultured with M(IL-4) cells, inhibited DNBS-induced colitis; fractionation of the T-cell population indicated that the CD4+CD25+ T cells from cocultures with M(HdAg) drove the suppression of DNBS-induced colitis. Use of IL-4-/- or IL-10-/- CD4+ T cells revealed that neither cytokine alone from the donor cells was essential for the anticolitic effect. These data illustrate that HdAg evokes a unique regulatory program in macrophages, identifies HdAg-evoked IL-10 suppression of macrophage activation, and reveals the ability of HdAg-treated macrophages to educate ( i.e., condition) and mobilize CD4+CD25+ T cells, which could be deployed to treat colonic inflammation.-Reyes, J. L., Lopes, F., Leung, G., Jayme, T. S., Matisz, C. E., Shute, A., Burkhard, R., Carneiro, M., Workentine, M. L., Wang, A., Petri, B., Beck, P. L., Geuking, M. B., McKay, D. M., Macrophages treated with antigen from the tapeworm Hymenolepis diminuta condition CD25+ T cells to suppress colitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José L Reyes
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Joan, and Phoebe Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary Alberta, Canada.,Laboratorio de Inmunología Experimental y Regulación de la Inflamación Hepato-Intestinal, Unidad de Investigación en Biomedicina (UBIMED), Facultad de Estudios Superiores (FES) Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Tlalnepantla de Baz, México
| | - Fernando Lopes
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Joan, and Phoebe Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary Alberta, Canada
| | - Gabriella Leung
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Joan, and Phoebe Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary Alberta, Canada
| | - Timothy S Jayme
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Joan, and Phoebe Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary Alberta, Canada
| | - Chelsea E Matisz
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Joan, and Phoebe Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary Alberta, Canada
| | - Adam Shute
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Joan, and Phoebe Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary Alberta, Canada
| | - Regula Burkhard
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Joan, and Phoebe Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary Alberta, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Matheus Carneiro
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Arthur Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Joan, and Phoebe Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary Alberta, Canada
| | - Björn Petri
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Mouse Phenomics Resource Laboratory, Calvin, Joan, and Phoebe Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Paul L Beck
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Joan, and Phoebe Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary Alberta, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Markus B Geuking
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Joan, and Phoebe Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary Alberta, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Derek M McKay
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Joan, and Phoebe Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Resende SD, Magalhães FC, Rodrigues-Oliveira JL, Castro VN, Souza CSA, Oliveira EJ, Carneiro M, Geiger SM, Negrão-Corrêa DA. Modulation of Allergic Reactivity in Humans Is Dependent on Schistosoma mansoni Parasite Burden, Low Levels of IL-33 or TNF-α and High Levels of IL-10 in Serum. Front Immunol 2019; 9:3158. [PMID: 30713536 PMCID: PMC6345678 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Helminth infections and allergies are characterized by a predominant type-2 immune response. In schistosomiasis, the Th-2 response is usually accompanied by induction of immunoregulatory mechanisms that contribute to worm survival and less severe schistosomiasis. Although helminth-induced immunomodulatory mechanisms seem to affect atopy, epidemiological studies on the relationship between helminths and allergy have been inconsistent, and data suggest that the modulatory effects may be influenced by helminth species, chronicity of infection, and parasite burden. Here we performed a cross-sectional study to investigate the effects of Schistosoma mansoni parasite burden and immune response on allergic reactivity of individuals living in a schistosomiasis endemic area in Brazil. Fecal samples from the participants were collected for extensive parasitological examinations by spontaneous sedimentation, Kato-Katz, Helmintex and Saline Gradient tests and molecular detection of S. mansoni by qPCR. Additionally, the concentrations of cytokines and chemokines, total IgE and IgE-reactivity to common house dust allergens were quantified from serum samples. IgE reactivity to dust allergens was detected in 47 individuals (23.8%), and 140 individuals (54.4%) were diagnosed with S. mansoni infection. Most of the infected population (108 individuals) presented very low parasite burden (≤12 eggs/g of feces). The frequency and intensity (p ≤ 0.03) of allergic reactivity were lower in S. mansoni-infected compared with non-infected individuals. Multivariable logistic regression models adjusted by age revealed that allergic reactivity was positively associated with low IL-10 response (OR, 4.55, 95% CI, 0.56–7.36) and high concentration of the inflammatory mediators IL-33 (OR, 2.70, 95% CI, 1.02–7.15) or TNF-α (OR, 6.88, 95% CI, 0.32–143.39) in serum, and inversely associated with S. mansoni infection (OR, 0.38, 95% CI, 0.16–0.87). Most importantly, the logistic regression demonstrated that the modulatory effects of Schistosoma infection depend on parasite burden, with individuals infected with ≤12 eggs/g of feces showing allergic IgE-reactivity similar to non-infected individuals Altogether, our data show that immunomodulation of allergic reactivity depends on S. mansoni burden, low type-2 inflammatory response, and high level of IL-10.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samira D Resende
- Department of Parasitology, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Fernanda C Magalhães
- Department of Parasitology, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Vanessa N Castro
- Department of Parasitology, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Carolina S A Souza
- Schistosomiasis Laboratory, René Rachou Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Edward J Oliveira
- Schistosomiasis Laboratory, René Rachou Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mariângela Carneiro
- Department of Parasitology, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Stefan M Geiger
- Department of Parasitology, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Deborah A Negrão-Corrêa
- Department of Parasitology, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Dias AM, Pereira MS, Padrão NA, Alves I, Marcos-Pinto R, Lago P, Pinho SS. Glycans as critical regulators of gut immunity in homeostasis and disease. Cell Immunol 2018; 333:9-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
30
|
Staal SL, Hogendoorn SKL, Voets SA, Tepper RC, Veenstra M, de Vos II, van Son KC, Gool JK, Paramitha AC, Aristyo K, Wildan A, Pratiwi C, van Ree R, Yazdanbakhsh M, Supali T, Djuardi Y, Labuda LA, Tahapary DL, Sartono E. Prevalence of Atopy following Mass Drug Administration with Albendazole: A Study in School Children on Flores Island, Indonesia. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2018; 177:192-198. [PMID: 30130756 DOI: 10.1159/000490952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In many rural areas of tropical countries such as Indonesia, the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminths (STH) infections remains high. At the same time, the burden of allergic disorders in such rural areas is reported to be low and inversely associated with helminth infections. To reduce the morbidity and transmission of helminth infections, the world health organization recommends preventive treatment of school children by providing mass drug administration (MDA) with albendazole. Here, we had an opportunity to evaluate the prevalence of skin reactivity to allergens before and after albendazole treatment to get an indication of the possible impact of MDA on allergic sensitization. METHODS A study was conducted among 150 school children living in an area endemic for STH infections. Before and 1 year after anthelminthic treatment with albendazole, stool samples were examined for the presence of STH eggs, skin prick tests (SPT) for cockroach and house dust mites were performed, blood eosinophilia was assessed, and total immunoglobulin E (IgE) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured in plasma. RESULTS Anthelminthic treatment significantly reduced the prevalence of STH from 19.6 before treatment to 6% after treatment (p < 0.001). Levels of total IgE (estimate: 0.30; 95% CI 0.22-0.42, p < 0.0001), CRP (estimate: 0.60; 95% CI 0.42-0.86, p = 0.006), and eosinophil counts (estimate: 0.70; 95% CI 0.61-0.80, p < 0.001) decreased significantly. The prevalence of SPT positivity increased from 18.7 to 32.7%. Multivariate analysis adjusted for confounding factors showed an increased risk of being SPT positive to any allergen (OR 3.04; 95% CI 1.338-6.919, p = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that 1 year of MDA with albendazole was associated with a reduced prevalence of STH infections. This study shows that the prevalence of allergic sensitization increases after 1 year of albendazole treatment. Placebo-controlled and larger studies are needed to further substantiate a role of deworming treatment in an increased risk of allergic sensitization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven L Staal
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sarika K L Hogendoorn
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sophie A Voets
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Rebecca C Tepper
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Mirte Veenstra
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ivo I de Vos
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Koen C van Son
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jari K Gool
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Antonia C Paramitha
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Kevin Aristyo
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ardy Wildan
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Chici Pratiwi
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ronald van Ree
- Departments of Experimental Immunology and Otorhinolaryngology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maria Yazdanbakhsh
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Taniawati Supali
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Yenny Djuardi
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Lucja A Labuda
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Dicky L Tahapary
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Erliyani Sartono
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Lo AC, Faye B, Gyan BA, Amoah LE. Plasmodium and intestinal parasite perturbations of the infected host's inflammatory responses: a systematic review. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:387. [PMID: 29970128 PMCID: PMC6031113 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-2948-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Co-infection of malaria and intestinal parasites is widespread in sub-Saharan Africa and causes severe disease especially among the poorest populations. It has been shown that an intestinal parasite (helminth), mixed intestinal helminth or Plasmodium parasite infection in a human induces a wide range of cytokine responses, including anti-inflammatory, pro-inflammatory as well as regulatory cytokines. Although immunological interactions have been suggested to occur during a concurrent infection of helminths and Plasmodium parasites, different conclusions have been drawn on the influence this co-infection has on cytokine production. This review briefly discusses patterns of selected cytokine (IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α and INF-γ) responses associated with infections caused by Plasmodium, intestinal parasites as well as a Plasmodium-helminth co-infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aminata Colle Lo
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.,University Cheikh Anta DIOP, Dakar, Senegal
| | | | - Ben Adu Gyan
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Linda Eva Amoah
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Momen T, Esmaeil N, Reisi M. Seroprevalence of ToxocaraCanis in Asthmatic Children and its Relation to the Severity of Diseases - a Case-Control Study. Med Arch 2018; 72:174-177. [PMID: 30061761 PMCID: PMC6021150 DOI: 10.5455/medarh.2018.72.174-177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Toxocariasis is a common parasitic infectionworldwide even in developed countries. Through this health problem, the immune system is triggered and the antibody is produced, leading to some hypersensitive situations like asthma. In the present study, we tried to show a correlation between Toxocara Canis (T. canis) seropositivityand asthma in Isfahan city. Methods This research is a cross-sectional study involving 40 asthmatics and 46 non-asthmatic cases aged 2-18 years. In all cases, T. canis IgG level was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and compared between two groups. Results The seroprevalence of IgG anti-T. canis antibodies were 45%in the asthmatic patients and 21.7% in thecontrols (P= 0.022). The more severe asthmatic patients had significantly more risk for T. canis seropositivity (P= 0.019). In the asthmatic patients, there was a significant correlation between Toxocara seropositivity and goingto park or playground (P= 0.001). Conclusion In this study, we found a significantly positive serology of T. canis in asthmatic children especially in more severe disease. To verify the etiologic role of Toxocara in asthma, more advanced studies are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tooba Momen
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Child Growth and Development Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Diseases, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Esmaeil
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Reisi
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Research institute for Primordial Prevention of Non- communicable Diseases, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Terhune TD, Deth RC. Aluminum Adjuvant-Containing Vaccines in the Context of the Hygiene Hypothesis: A Risk Factor for Eosinophilia and Allergy in a Genetically Susceptible Subpopulation? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E901. [PMID: 29751492 PMCID: PMC5981940 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15050901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
There are similarities between the immune response following immunization with aluminum adjuvants and the immune response elicited by some helminthic parasites, including stimulation of immunoglobulin E (IgE) and eosinophilia. Immunization with aluminum adjuvants, as with helminth infection, induces a Th2 type cell mediated immune response, including eosinophilia, but does not induce an environment conducive to the induction of regulatory mechanisms. Helminths play a role in what is known as the hygiene hypothesis, which proposes that decreased exposure to microbes during a critical time in early life has resulted in the increased prevalence and morbidity of asthma and atopic disorders over the past few decades, especially in Western countries. In addition, gut and lung microbiome composition and their interaction with the immune system plays an important role in a properly regulated immune system. Disturbances in microbiome composition are a risk factor for asthma and allergies. We propose that immunization with aluminum adjuvants in general is not favorable for induction of regulatory mechanisms and, in the context of the hygiene hypothesis and microbiome theory, can be viewed as an amplifying factor and significant contributing risk factor for allergic diseases, especially in a genetically susceptible subpopulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Todd D Terhune
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, 1382 Terry Bldg, 3200 South University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA.
| | - Richard C Deth
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, 1382 Terry Bldg, 3200 South University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Nkurunungi G, Kabagenyi J, Nampijja M, Sanya RE, Walusimbi B, Nassuuna J, Webb EL, Elliott AM. Schistosoma mansoni-specific immune responses and allergy in Uganda. Parasite Immunol 2017; 40. [PMID: 29171863 PMCID: PMC5767746 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Low allergy‐related disease (ARD) prevalence in low‐income countries may be partly attributed to helminth infections. In the Schistosoma mansoni (Sm)‐endemic Lake Victoria islands (Uganda), we recently observed positive helminth‐allergy associations, despite low ARD prevalence. To understand how Sm‐induced cytokine and antibody profiles might influence allergic response profiles in this population, we assessed Schistosoma worm (SWA)‐ and egg antigen (SEA)‐specific Th1 (IFN‐γ), Th2 (IL‐5, IL‐13) and regulatory (IL‐10) cytokine profiles (n = 407), and total (n = 471), SWA‐, SEA‐ and allergen (house dust mite [HDM] and cockroach)‐specific (as)IgE and IgG4 profiles (n = 2117) by ELISA. Wheeze was inversely associated with SWA‐specific IFN‐γ (P < .001) and IL‐10 (P = .058), and SEA‐specific IL‐5 (P = .004). Conversely, having a detectable asIgE response was positively associated with SWA‐specific IL‐5 (P = .006) and IL‐10 (P < .001). Total, SWA‐, SEA‐ and allergen‐specific IgE and IgG4 responses were higher among Sm Kato‐Katz positive (SmKK+) and skin prick test (SPT)+ individuals compared to SmKK‐ and SPT‐ individuals. However, total and asIgG4/IgE ratios were lower among SPT+ and wheezing individuals. We conclude that, in this population, helminth‐induced antibody and cytokine responses may underlie individual positive helminth‐atopy associations, while the overall IgG4‐IgE balance may contribute to the low overall prevalence of clinical allergies in such settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Nkurunungi
- Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme, MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda.,Department of Clinical research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - J Kabagenyi
- Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme, MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - M Nampijja
- Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme, MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - R E Sanya
- Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme, MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda.,College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - B Walusimbi
- Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme, MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - J Nassuuna
- Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme, MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - E L Webb
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - A M Elliott
- Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme, MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda.,Department of Clinical research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Namara B, Nash S, Lule SA, Akurut H, Mpairwe H, Akello F, Tumusiime J, Kizza M, Kabagenyi J, Nkurunungi G, Muhangi L, Webb EL, Muwanga M, Elliott AM. Effects of treating helminths during pregnancy and early childhood on risk of allergy-related outcomes: Follow-up of a randomized controlled trial. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2017; 28:784-792. [PMID: 28892575 PMCID: PMC5765453 DOI: 10.1111/pai.12804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helminth infections, common in low-income countries, may protect against allergy-related disease. Early exposure may be a key. In the Entebbe Mother and Baby Study, treating helminths during pregnancy resulted in increased eczema rates in early childhood. We followed the cohort to determine whether this translated to increased asthma rates at school age. METHODS This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, conducted in Entebbe, Uganda, had three interventions. During pregnancy, women were randomized, simultaneously, to albendazole vs placebo and to praziquantel vs placebo. Their children were independently randomized to quarterly albendazole vs placebo from age 15 months to 5 years. We here report follow-up to age 9 years. Primary outcomes at 9 years were recent reported wheeze, skin prick test positivity (SPT) to common allergens and allergen-specific IgE positivity to dust mite or cockroach. Secondary outcomes were doctor-diagnosed asthma and eczema rates between 5 and 9 years, recent eczema, rhinitis and urticaria at 9 years, and SPT and IgE responses to individual allergens. RESULTS 2507 pregnant women were enrolled; 1215 children were seen at age nine, of whom 1188 are included in this analysis. Reported wheeze was rare at 9 years (3.7%) while SPT positivity (25.0%) and IgE positivity (44.1%) were common. There was no evidence of a treatment effect for any of the three interventions on any of the primary outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Prenatal and early-life treatment of helminths, in the absence of change in other exposures, is unlikely to increase the risk of atopic diseases later in childhood in this tropical, low-income setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen Nash
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Swaib A Lule
- MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda.,London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Moses Kizza
- MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | | | - Gyaviira Nkurunungi
- MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda.,London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Emily L Webb
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Alison M Elliott
- MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda.,London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Silva MB, Amor AL, Santos LN, Galvão AA, Oviedo Vera AV, Silva ES, Barbosa CG, Gonçalves MS, Cooper PJ, Figueiredo CA, Ribeiro RDC, Alcântara-Neves NM. Risk factors for Toxocara spp. seroprevalence and its association with atopy and asthma phenotypes in school-age children in a small town and semi-rural areas of Northeast Brazil. Acta Trop 2017; 174:158-164. [PMID: 27080332 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Toxocara canis, Toxocara cati, are roundworms that live in the intestines of dogs and cats, respectively, and are predominantly agents of human toxocariasis. Studies have suggested that Toxocara spp. seroprevalence increases levels of total and aeroallergen-specific IgE (sIgE), asthma prevalence and asthma morbidity. Nevertheless, other work reported a negative association between Toxocara spp. seropositivity with skin hypersensititity and a positive association with sIgE. The objective of the present study was to evaluate risk factors for acquiring Toxocara spp. infection and to investigate possible significant association between its seroprevalence with atopy and asthma. Students from elementary schools, residents in a small town and its surroundings of Northeast Brazil, underwent blood sampling to measure levels of anti-Toxocara spp. IgG, peripheral blood eosinophils, and specific IgE to aeroallergens. We used univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses to assess possible risk factors for Toxocara spp. seropositivity and its association with atopy, wheeze/asthma with asthma phenotypes, in a sample of 791 elementary school children aged 6-13 years. Toxocara spp. seroprevalence reached 63.6%; 49.9% had sIgE; 7.2% and 3.3% had atopic wheeze/asthma and non-atopic wheeze/asthma respectively. Risk factors associated with Toxocara spp. seropositivity were: contact with dogs (adj. OR 2.33; 95% CI=1.70-3.19) and cats (adj. OR 3.09; 95% CI=2.10-4.55), and male sex (adj. OR 2.21; 95% CI=1.62-3.02). The presence of anti-Toxocara IgG was statistically associated with blood eosinophils >4% and >10% (adj. OR 1.84; 95% CI=1.33-2.55 and adj. OR 2.07; 95% CI=1.45-2.97, respectively), and atopy (adj. OR 2.00; 95% CI=1.49-2.68), but it was not associated with wheeze/asthma. Concluding, the results obtained in this study showing the association of Toxocara spp. seroprevalence with sIgE may suggest a possible immunological cross-reactivity between IgE epitopes from Toxocara spp. and aeroallergens.
Collapse
|
37
|
Amoah AS, Boakye DA, Yazdanbakhsh M, van Ree R. Influence of Parasitic Worm Infections on Allergy Diagnosis in Sub-Saharan Africa. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2017; 17:65. [PMID: 28861721 PMCID: PMC5579067 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-017-0733-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies from Sub-Saharan Africa indicate that allergies are on the rise in this region especially in urban compared to rural areas. This increase has been linked to improved hygiene, lifestyle changes, and lower exposure to pathogens in childhood. Reduced exposure to parasitic worm (helminth) infections and allergy outcomes has been the focus of a number of population studies over the years. Paradoxically, there are parallels in the immune responses to helminths and to allergies. Both conditions are associated with elevated levels of immunoglobulin E, high numbers of T helper 2 cells, eosinophils, and mast cells. These immune parallels have meant that the diagnosis of allergies in parts of the world where helminths are endemic can be hampered. The aim of this review is to examine observations from population studies conducted in Sub-Saharan Africa that demonstrate how helminth infections influence the parameters used to diagnose allergy outcomes in this region. We explore specifically how helminth infections hinder the in vitro diagnosis of allergic sensitization, influence the clinical manifestations of allergy, and also the effect of anthelmintic treatment on allergy outcomes. Advancing our understanding of how helminths influence allergy diagnosis is imperative for the development of improved tools to assess, diagnose, and treat allergic disorders in both helminth-endemic and non-endemic countries worldwide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abena S Amoah
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Daniel A Boakye
- Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Maria Yazdanbakhsh
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald van Ree
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Titz TDO, de Araújo CAA, Enobe CS, Rigato PO, Oshiro TM, de Macedo-Soares MF. Ascaris suuminfection modulates inflammation: Implication of CD4+CD25highFoxp3+T cells and IL-10. Parasite Immunol 2017; 39. [DOI: 10.1111/pim.12453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. de O. Titz
- Laboratory of Immunopathology; Butantan Institute; São Paulo Brazil
- Laboratorio de Investigacao em Dermatologia e Imunodeficiencias; LIM56; Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP; Faculdade de Medicina; Universidade de São Paulo; Brazil
| | | | - C. S. Enobe
- Laboratory of Immunopathology; Butantan Institute; São Paulo Brazil
| | - P. O. Rigato
- Center of Immunology; Adolfo Lutz Institute; São Paulo Brazil
| | - T. M. Oshiro
- Laboratorio de Investigacao em Dermatologia e Imunodeficiencias; LIM56; Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP; Faculdade de Medicina; Universidade de São Paulo; Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Domngang Noche C, Fotsing Kwetche PR, Tumameu T, Tambo E, Moyou R, Bella AL. Relationship between tropical endemic limbo-conjunctivitis and intestinal helminths in a population of Cameroonian children. COGENT MEDICINE 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/2331205x.2017.1345587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thierry Tumameu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Université des Montagnes, Bangangte, Cameroon
| | - Ernest Tambo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Université des Montagnes, Bangangte, Cameroon
| | - Roger Moyou
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Université de Yaounde, Yaounde, Cameroon
- Institut de Recherche Médicale et d’Etudes des Plantes Médicinales de Yaounde, Université de Yaounde, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Ruhnke I, Andronicos NM, Swick RA, Hine B, Sharma N, Kheravii SK, Wu SB, Hunt P. Immune responses following experimental infection with Ascaridia galli and necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens. Avian Pathol 2017; 46:602-609. [PMID: 28503936 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2017.1330536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Broilers commonly suffer from necrotic enteritis (NE). Other gastrointestinal infectious diseases affect poultry, including nematode infections which are considered a re-emerging disease in barn and free-range systems. The aim of this study was to characterize the immune response of broilers after artificial infection with NE and contrast these with responses to the nematode Ascaridia galli and determine whether immune parameters measured during the course of infection can be used to distinguish infected from uninfected birds. A total of 96 one-day-old male Ross 308 broiler chickens were used in this study. At 10 days of age, broilers were randomly assigned to one of the following treatment groups: control birds (n = 32), A. galli infected birds (n = 32), or NE infected birds (n = 32) and inoculated with the appropriate infective agents. The immune response of birds was monitored through evaluation of haematology parameters, acute phase protein production, and intraepithelial intestinal lymphocyte population changes at 11, 16, 20, and 32 days of age. T-helper cells (CD4+CD8-) increased significantly over time, and were significantly higher in A. galli and NE compared to day 10 controls. In conclusion, α-1 glycoprotein levels can distinguish birds with NE from other birds, including those infected with A. galli; also T-helper cell numbers can distinguish both NE and A. galli from uninfected birds and thirdly, 10 days post infection is the best time point to evaluate the bird's immune response for A. galli infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Ruhnke
- a Animal Science, School of Environmental and Rural Science , University of New England , Armidale , Australia
| | - Nicholas Matthew Andronicos
- b Brain Behaviour Research Group, School of Science and Technology , University of New England , Armidale , Australia.,c F. D. McMaster laboratory, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) , Armidale , Australia
| | - Robert A Swick
- a Animal Science, School of Environmental and Rural Science , University of New England , Armidale , Australia
| | - Brad Hine
- a Animal Science, School of Environmental and Rural Science , University of New England , Armidale , Australia.,c F. D. McMaster laboratory, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) , Armidale , Australia
| | - Nisha Sharma
- a Animal Science, School of Environmental and Rural Science , University of New England , Armidale , Australia.,c F. D. McMaster laboratory, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) , Armidale , Australia
| | - Sarbast K Kheravii
- a Animal Science, School of Environmental and Rural Science , University of New England , Armidale , Australia
| | - Shu-Biao Wu
- a Animal Science, School of Environmental and Rural Science , University of New England , Armidale , Australia
| | - Peter Hunt
- a Animal Science, School of Environmental and Rural Science , University of New England , Armidale , Australia.,c F. D. McMaster laboratory, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) , Armidale , Australia
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Varyani F, Fleming JO, Maizels RM. Helminths in the gastrointestinal tract as modulators of immunity and pathology. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2017; 312:G537-G549. [PMID: 28302598 PMCID: PMC5495915 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00024.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Helminth parasites are highly prevalent in many low- and middle-income countries, in which inflammatory bowel disease and other immunopathologies are less frequent than in the developed world. Many of the most common helminths establish themselves in the gastrointestinal tract and can exert counter-inflammatory influences on the host immune system. For these reasons, interest has arisen as to how parasites may ameliorate intestinal inflammation and whether these organisms, or products they release, could offer future therapies for immune disorders. In this review, we discuss interactions between helminth parasites and the mucosal immune system, as well as the progress being made toward identifying mechanisms and molecular mediators through which it may be possible to attenuate pathology in the intestinal tract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fumi Varyani
- 1Wellcome Centre for Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; ,2Edinburgh Clinical Academic Track, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; and
| | - John O. Fleming
- 3Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Rick M. Maizels
- 1Wellcome Centre for Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom;
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Costa RDS, Figueiredo CA, Barreto ML, Alcantara-Neves NM, Rodrigues LC, Cruz AA, Vergara C, Rafaels N, Foster C, Potee J, Campbell M, Mathias RA, Barnes KC. Effect of polymorphisms on TGFB1 on allergic asthma and helminth infection in an African admixed population. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2017; 118:483-488.e1. [PMID: 28284979 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2017.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic asthma is a complex disorder that results from a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Studies suggest that helminth infections can activate a regulatory network characterized by the production of regulatory cytokines, such as interleukin 10 and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and subsequently protect against immune-mediated diseases, such as asthma. On the other hand, TGF-β1 is increased in the lungs of individuals with asthma and may modulate airway inflammation. The role of TGF- β 1 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in allergic disease remains inconclusive. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of genetic variations in the TGF-β1 on allergy and helminths infections in children. METHODS We tested for association among 4 TGF-β1 SNPs and allergic asthma, specific IgE, skin prick test result, and IL-10 production in 1,335 Brazilians. In addition, we analyzed the association with markers of helminth infection (parasite burden, anti-Ascaris IgE, and worm specific IgG4). The polymorphisms were genotyped using Taq Man probes. RESULTS We found an association between rs1800470 (C allele) and atopic wheezing (odds ratio [OR], 0.60; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.37-0.95) and markers of allergy (OR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.22-0.79). In contrast, a positive association was observed between the haplotype ACCA and Trichuris trichiura infection (OR, 1.85; P = .003) and Ascaris lumbricoides infection (OR, 2.01; P < .001). This haplotype was also associated with increased IL-10 production (β = 50.7; P < .001). CONCLUSION Individuals with TGF-β1 polymorphisms have an increased susceptibility to helminth infections and a lower risk of developing allergy. These studies suggest that immune modulation of allergic disease results not only from environmental factors but also from genetic susceptibility and IL-10 production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Dos Santos Costa
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; Health Science Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Maurıcio Lima Barreto
- Public Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Research Center Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alvaro A Cruz
- Center of Excellence in Asthma, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Candelaria Vergara
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nicholas Rafaels
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Cassandra Foster
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Joseph Potee
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Monica Campbell
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Rasika A Mathias
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kathleen C Barnes
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Igetei JE, El-Faham M, Liddell S, Doenhoff MJ. Antigenic cross-reactivity between Schistosoma mansoni and peanut: a role for cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCDs) and implications for the hygiene hypothesis. Immunology 2017; 150:506-517. [PMID: 28201853 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The antigenic reactivity of constituents of Schistosoma mansoni and peanut (Arachis hypogaea) was investigated to determine whether identical antigenic epitopes possessed by both organisms provided a possible explanation for the negative correlation between chronic schistosome infection and atopy to allergens. Aqueous extracts of peanuts were probed in Western immunoblots with rabbit IgG antibodies raised against the egg, cercarial and adult worm stages of S. mansoni. Several molecules in the peanut extract were antigenically reactive with antibodies from the various rabbit anti-schistosome sera. A pair of cross-reactive peanut molecules at ~30 000-33 000 molecular weight was purified and both proteins were identified by mass spectrometric analysis as the peanut allergen Ara h 1. Anti-S. mansoni soluble egg antigen antibodies that were eluted off the peanut molecules reacted with two S. mansoni egg antigens identified by mass spectrometry as IPSE/α-1 and κ-5. Alignments of the amino acid sequences of Ara h 1 and either IPSE/α-1 or κ-5 revealed a low level of peptide sequence identity. Incubation of nitrocellulose paper carrying electrophoresed peanut molecules, six constituents of other allergic plants and S. mansoni egg antigens in a mild solution of sodium metaperiodate before probing with antibodies, inhibited most of the cross-reactivities. The results are consistent with the antigenic cross-reactive epitopes of S. mansoni egg antigens, peanut and other allergic plants being cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCDs). These findings are novel and an explanation based on 'blocking antibodies' could provide an insight for the inverse relationship observed between schistosome infection and allergies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph E Igetei
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK NG7 2RD.,Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - Marwa El-Faham
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK NG7 2RD.,Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Susan Liddell
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK LE12 5RD
| | - Michael J Doenhoff
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK NG7 2RD
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Díaz A, Casaravilla C, Barrios AA, Ferreira AM. Parasite molecules and host responses in cystic echinococcosis. Parasite Immunol 2016; 38:193-205. [PMID: 26425838 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis is the infection by the larvae of cestode parasites belonging to the Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato species complex. Local host responses are strikingly subdued in relation to the size and persistence of these larvae, which develop within mammalian organs as 'hydatid cysts' measuring up to tens of cm in diameter. In a context in which helminth-derived immune-suppressive, as well as Th2-inducing, molecules garner much interest, knowledge on the interactions between E. granulosus molecules and the immune system lags behind. Here, we discuss what is known and what are the open questions on E. granulosus molecules and structures interacting with the innate and adaptive immune systems, potentially or in demonstrated form. We attempt a global biological approach on molecules that have been given consideration primarily as protective (Eg95) or diagnostic antigens (antigen B, antigen 5). We integrate glycobiological information, which traverses the discussions on antigen 5, the mucin-based protective laminated layer and immunologically active preparations from protoscoleces. We also highlight some less well-known molecules that appear as promising candidates to possess immune-regulatory activities. Finally, we point out gaps in the molecular-level knowledge of this infectious agent that hinder our understanding of its immunology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Díaz
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias (Facultad de Química) and Instituto de Química Biológica (Facultad de Ciencias), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - C Casaravilla
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias (Facultad de Química) and Instituto de Química Biológica (Facultad de Ciencias), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - A A Barrios
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias (Facultad de Química) and Instituto de Química Biológica (Facultad de Ciencias), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - A M Ferreira
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias (Facultad de Química) and Instituto de Química Biológica (Facultad de Ciencias), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Apaer S, Tuxun T, Ma HZ, Zhang H, Aierken A, Aini A, Li YP, Lin RY, Wen H. Parasitic infection as a potential therapeutic tool against rheumatoid arthritis. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:2359-2366. [PMID: 27698735 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasites, which are a recently discovered yet ancient dweller in human hosts, remain a great public health burden in underdeveloped countries, despite preventative efforts. Rheumatoid arthritis is a predominantly cosmopolitan health problem with drastic morbidity rates, although encouraging progress has been achieved regarding treatment. However, although various types of methods and agents have been applied clinically, their broad usage has been limited by their adverse effects and/or high costs. Sustained efforts have been exerted on the 'hygiene hypothesis' since the 1870s. The immunosuppressive nature of parasitic infections may offer potential insight into therapeutic strategies for rheumatoid arthritis, in which the immune system is overactivated. An increasing number of published papers are focusing on the preventive and/or curative effect of various parasitic infection on rheumatoid arthritis from experimental studies to large-scale epidemiological studies and clinical trials. Therefore, the present review aimed to provide a general literature review on the possible beneficial role of parasitic infection on rheumatoid arthritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shadike Apaer
- State Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Major Diseases Research and Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China; Department of Liver and Laparoscopic Surgery, Digestive and Vascular Centre, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Tuerhongjiang Tuxun
- State Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Major Diseases Research and Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China; Department of Liver and Laparoscopic Surgery, Digestive and Vascular Centre, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Zhang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Major Diseases Research and Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Heng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Major Diseases Research and Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Amina Aierken
- Department of Ultrasonography, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Abudusalamu Aini
- State Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Major Diseases Research and Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Major Diseases Research and Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Ren-Yong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Major Diseases Research and Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Hao Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Major Diseases Research and Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China; Department of Liver and Laparoscopic Surgery, Digestive and Vascular Centre, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Effect of ivermectin on allergy-type manifestations in occult strongyloidiasis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2016; 117:423-428. [PMID: 27566864 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2016.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immunomodulatory effects of helminths have been well described. However, there is a relative lack of literature regarding the link between parasites and allergic diseases. A number of patients with allergic symptoms have positive serologic test results for Strongyloides stercoralis. OBJECTIVE To identify patients with allergy-type symptoms and coexisting Strongyloides infection and to analyze the effect of Strongyloides eradication therapy with ivermectin on these symptoms. METHODS The medical records of our allergy clinic sites were reviewed for Strongyloides test results between January 2011 and October 2014. Each allergy-type symptom was assessed separately with regard to improvement after ivermectin therapy. RESULTS Among the 1,446 patients who had Strongyloides serologic tests ordered, 127 (8.8%) had positive test results. Eighty-four patients had follow-up data regarding allergy-type symptoms after ivermectin treatment. Among these, 52 patients (61.9%) reported skin-related problems (pruritus, urticaria, angioedema, and/or rash). Forty-nine patients (58.3%) had asthma, and 73.8% had allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. Although respiratory symptoms typically did not respond to ivermectin treatment, 24 of 48 patients (50%) with skin symptoms reported a significant subjective improvement of symptoms after ivermectin treatment. Peripheral eosinophil counts significantly decreased after ivermectin treatment from 450 to 200/μL (P < .001). CONCLUSION Serologic testing for strongyloides may be indicated for patients with allergy-type symptoms and a suggestive exposure history. Patients with strongyloidiasis and primarily cutaneous symptoms experienced significant symptomatic improvement after ivermectin therapy.
Collapse
|
47
|
Webb EL, Nampijja M, Kaweesa J, Kizindo R, Namutebi M, Nakazibwe E, Oduru G, Kabubi P, Kabagenyi J, Nkurunungi G, Kizito D, Muhangi L, Akello M, Verweij JJ, Nerima B, Tukahebwa E, Elliott AM, Sanya R, Mirembe B, Okello J, Levin J, Zziwa C, Tumusiime J, Sewankambo M, Nsubuga D, Cose S, Wammes L, Niwagaba E, Kabami G, Abayo E, Muwonge F, Abiriga D, Nannozi V, Kaweesa J. Helminths are positively associated with atopy and wheeze in Ugandan fishing communities: results from a cross-sectional survey. Allergy 2016; 71:1156-69. [PMID: 26918891 PMCID: PMC4949563 DOI: 10.1111/all.12867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Background Parasitic helminths are potent immunomodulators and chronic infections may protect against allergy‐related disease and atopy. We conducted a cross‐sectional survey to test the hypothesis that in heavily helminth‐exposed fishing villages on Lake Victoria, Uganda, helminth infections would be inversely associated with allergy‐related conditions. Methods A household survey was conducted as baseline to an anthelminthic intervention trial. Outcomes were reported wheeze in last year, atopy assessed both by skin prick test (SPT) and by the measurement of allergen‐specific IgE to dust mites and cockroach in plasma. Helminth infections were ascertained by stool, urine and haemoparasitology. Associations were examined using multivariable regression. Results Two thousand three hundred and sixteen individuals were surveyed. Prevalence of reported wheeze was 2% in under‐fives and 5% in participants ≥5 years; 19% had a positive SPT; median Dermatophagoides‐specific IgE and cockroach‐specific IgE were 1440 and 220 ng/ml, respectively. S. mansoni, N. americanus, S. stercoralis, T. trichiura, M. perstans and A. lumbricoides prevalence was estimated as 51%, 22%, 12%, 10%, 2% and 1%, respectively. S. mansoni was positively associated with Dermatophagoides‐specific IgE [adjusted geometric mean ratio (aGMR) (95% confidence interval) 1.64 (1.23, 2.18)]; T. trichiura with SPT [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.08 (1.38, 3.15)]; M. perstans with cockroach‐specific IgE [aGMR 2.37 (1.39, 4.06)], A. lumbricoides with wheeze in participants ≥5 years [aOR 6.36 (1.10, 36.63)] and with Dermatophagoides‐specific IgE [aGMR 2.34 (1.11, 4.95)]. No inverse associations were observed. Conclusions Contrary to our hypothesis, we found little evidence of an inverse relationship between helminths and allergy‐related outcomes, but strong evidence that individuals with certain helminths were more prone to atopy in this setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E. L. Webb
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London UK
| | - M. Nampijja
- MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS Entebbe Uganda
| | - J. Kaweesa
- Vector Control Division Ministry of Health Kampala Uganda
| | - R. Kizindo
- MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS Entebbe Uganda
| | - M. Namutebi
- MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS Entebbe Uganda
| | | | | | - P. Kabubi
- MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS Entebbe Uganda
| | - J. Kabagenyi
- MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS Entebbe Uganda
| | - G. Nkurunungi
- MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS Entebbe Uganda
| | - D. Kizito
- MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS Entebbe Uganda
| | - L. Muhangi
- MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS Entebbe Uganda
| | - M. Akello
- MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS Entebbe Uganda
| | - J. J. Verweij
- Laboratory for Medical Microbiology and Immunology St Elisabeth Hospital LC Tilburg the Netherlands
| | - B. Nerima
- MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS Entebbe Uganda
| | - E. Tukahebwa
- Vector Control Division Ministry of Health Kampala Uganda
| | - A. M. Elliott
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London UK
- MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS Entebbe Uganda
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Maizels RM, McSorley HJ. Regulation of the host immune system by helminth parasites. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 138:666-675. [PMID: 27476889 PMCID: PMC5010150 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 347] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Helminth parasite infections are associated with a battery of immunomodulatory mechanisms that affect all facets of the host immune response to ensure their persistence within the host. This broad-spectrum modulation of host immunity has intended and unintended consequences, both advantageous and disadvantageous. Thus the host can benefit from suppression of collateral damage during parasite infection and from reduced allergic, autoimmune, and inflammatory reactions. However, helminth infection can also be detrimental in reducing vaccine responses, increasing susceptibility to coinfection and potentially reducing tumor immunosurveillance. In this review we will summarize the panoply of immunomodulatory mechanisms used by helminths, their potential utility in human disease, and prospective areas of future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rick M Maizels
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
| | - Henry J McSorley
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Doenhoff MJ, El-Faham M, Liddell S, Fuller HR, Stanley RG, Schramm G, Igetei JE. Cross-Reactivity between Schistosoma mansoni Antigens and the Latex Allergen Hev b 7: Putative Implication of Cross-Reactive Carbohydrate Determinants (CCDs). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159542. [PMID: 27467385 PMCID: PMC4965158 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
IgG antibodies produced by rabbits immunized against S. mansoni antigens cross-reacted with aqueous soluble constituents of a variety of allergens. The antibody cross-reactivity was largely sensitive to degradation by treatment of the target antigens with sodium meta-periodate, suggesting the cross-reactivity was due to carbohydrate determinants that were common to both the schistosome and the allergens (CCDs). The reaction between the rabbit antibodies and a 43 kDa molecule in a rubber latex extract was analysed further: tandem mass spectrometry identified the latex molecule as allergen Hev b 7. Rabbit anti-schistosome IgG antibodies purified by acid-elution from solid-phase latex Hev b 7 reacted with the S. mansoni egg antigens IPSE/alpha-1 and kappa-5 and cercarial antigens SPO-1 and a fatty acid-binding protein. Moreover, purified anti-S. mansoni egg, latex cross-reactive antibodies reacted with antigenic constituents of some fruits, a result of potential relevance to the latex-fruit syndrome of allergic reactions. We propose that IgG anti-schistosome antibodies that cross-react with allergens may be able to block IgE-induced allergic reactions and thus provide a possible explanation for the hygiene hypothesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Doenhoff
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Marwa El-Faham
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Susan Liddell
- School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - Heidi R. Fuller
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wales, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, United Kingdom
| | - Ronald G. Stanley
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wales, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriele Schramm
- Research Center Borstel, Priority Area Asthma and Allergy, Experimental Pneumology, Parkallee 22, D-23845, Borstel, Germany
| | - Joseph E. Igetei
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
- Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Steinfelder S, O’Regan NL, Hartmann S. Diplomatic Assistance: Can Helminth-Modulated Macrophages Act as Treatment for Inflammatory Disease? PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005480. [PMID: 27101372 PMCID: PMC4839649 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Helminths have evolved numerous pathways to prevent their expulsion or elimination from the host to ensure long-term survival. During infection, they target numerous host cells, including macrophages, to induce an alternatively activated phenotype, which aids elimination of infection, tissue repair, and wound healing. Multiple animal-based studies have demonstrated a significant reduction or complete reversal of disease by helminth infection, treatment with helminth products, or helminth-modulated macrophages in models of allergy, autoimmunity, and sepsis. Experimental studies of macrophage and helminth therapies are being translated into clinical benefits for patients undergoing transplantation and those with multiple sclerosis. Thus, helminths or helminth-modulated macrophages present great possibilities as therapeutic applications for inflammatory diseases in humans. Macrophage-based helminth therapies and the underlying mechanisms of their therapeutic or curative effects represent an under-researched area with the potential to open new avenues of treatment. This review explores the application of helminth-modulated macrophages as a new therapy for inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Steinfelder
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Immunology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Noëlle Louise O’Regan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Immunology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Hartmann
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Immunology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|