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Zhou Y, Chen B, Fu Y, Wan C, Li H, Wang L, Huang X, Wu Z, Li G, Xiong L, Qin D. Cang-ai volatile oil alleviates nasal inflammation via Th1/Th2 cell imbalance regulation in a rat model of ovalbumin-induced allergic rhinitis. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1332036. [PMID: 38835658 PMCID: PMC11148258 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1332036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
We previously revealed that Cang-ai volatile oil (CAVO) regulates T-cell activity, enhancing the immune response in people with chronic respiratory diseases. However, the effects of CAVO on allergic rhinitis (AR) have not been investigated. Herein, we established an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced AR rat model to determine these effects. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were exposed to OVA for 3 weeks. CAVO or loratadine (positive control) was given orally once daily for 2 weeks to OVA-exposed rats. Behavior modeling nasal allergies was observed. Nasal mucosa, serum, and spleen samples of AR rats were analyzed. CAVO treatment significantly reduced the number of nose rubs and sneezes, and ameliorated several hallmarks of nasal mucosa tissue remodeling: inflammation, eosinophilic infiltration, goblet cell metaplasia, and mast cell hyperplasia. CAVO administration markedly upregulated expressions of interferon-γ, interleukin (IL)-2, and IL-12, and downregulated expressions of serum tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-13, immunoglobulin-E, and histamine. CAVO therapy also increased production of IFN-γ and T-helper type 1 (Th1)-specific T-box transcription factor (T-bet) of the cluster of differentiation-4+ T-cells in splenic lymphocytes, and protein and mRNA expressions of T-bet in nasal mucosa. In contrast, levels of the Th2 cytokine IL-4 and Th2-specific transcription factor GATA binding protein-3 were suppressed by CAVO. These cumulative findings demonstrate that CAVO therapy can alleviate AR by regulating the balance between Th1 and Th2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Bojun Chen
- Yunnan Provincial University Key Laboratory of Aromatic Chinese Herb Research, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Innovation Team of Application Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Theory of Disease Prevention at Yunnan University of TCM, Kunming, China
| | - Yi Fu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Chunping Wan
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Huayan Li
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Lin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaoyi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Zhao Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Gang Li
- Yunnan Provincial University Key Laboratory of Aromatic Chinese Herb Research, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Innovation Team of Application Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Theory of Disease Prevention at Yunnan University of TCM, Kunming, China
| | - Lei Xiong
- Yunnan Provincial University Key Laboratory of Aromatic Chinese Herb Research, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Innovation Team of Application Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Theory of Disease Prevention at Yunnan University of TCM, Kunming, China
| | - Dongdong Qin
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
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Tamayo JM, Osman HC, Schwartzer JJ, Ashwood P. The influence of asthma on neuroinflammation and neurodevelopment: From epidemiology to basic models. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 116:218-228. [PMID: 38070621 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a highly heterogeneous inflammatory disease that can have a significant effect on both the respiratory system and central nervous system. Population based studies and animal models have found asthma to be comorbid with a number of neurological conditions, including depression, anxiety, and neurodevelopmental disorders. In addition, maternal asthma during pregnancy has been associated with neurodevelopmental disorders in the offspring, such as autism spectrum disorders and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. In this article, we review the most current epidemiological studies of asthma that identify links to neurological conditions, both as it relates to individuals that suffer from asthma and the impacts asthma during pregnancy may have on offspring neurodevelopment. We also discuss the relevant animal models investigating these links, address the gaps in knowledge, and explore the potential future directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Tamayo
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, and the M.I.N.D. Institute, University of California at Davis, CA 95817, USA
| | - Hadley C Osman
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, and the M.I.N.D. Institute, University of California at Davis, CA 95817, USA
| | - Jared J Schwartzer
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavior, Department of Psychology and Education, Mount Holyoke College, 50 College Street, South Hadley, MA 01075, USA
| | - Paul Ashwood
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, and the M.I.N.D. Institute, University of California at Davis, CA 95817, USA.
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3
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Dietschmann A, Ruhl A, Murray PJ, Günther C, Becker C, Fallon P, Voehringer D. Th2-dependent disappearance and phenotypic conversion of mouse alveolar macrophages. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2350475. [PMID: 37452620 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Alveolar macrophages (alvMs) play an important role for maintenance of lung function by constant removal of cellular debris in the alveolar space. They further contribute to defense against microbial or viral infections and limit tissue damage during acute lung injury. alvMs arise from embryonic progenitor cells, seed the alveoli before birth, and have life-long self-renewing capacity. However, recruited monocytes may also help to restore the alvM population after depletion caused by toxins or influenza virus infection. At present, the population dynamics and cellular plasticity of alvMs during allergic lung inflammation is poorly defined. To address this point, we used a mouse model of Aspergillus fumigatus-induced allergic lung inflammation and observed that Th2-derived IL-4 and IL-13 caused almost complete disappearance of alvMs. This effect required STAT6 expression in alvMs and also occurred in various other settings of type 2 immunity-mediated lung inflammation or administration of IL-4 complexes to the lung. In addition, Th2 cells promoted conversion of alvMs to alternatively activated macrophages and multinucleated giant cells. Given the well-established role of alvMs for maintenance of lung function, this process may have implications for resolution of inflammation and tissue homeostasis in allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Dietschmann
- Department of Infection Biology, University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Ruhl
- Department of Infection Biology, University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter J Murray
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Claudia Günther
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph Becker
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Padraic Fallon
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David Voehringer
- Department of Infection Biology, University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
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4
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Meloun A, León B. Sensing of protease activity as a triggering mechanism of Th2 cell immunity and allergic disease. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2023; 4:1265049. [PMID: 37810200 PMCID: PMC10552645 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2023.1265049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
CD4 T-helper cell type 2 (Th2) cells mediate host defense against extracellular parasites, like helminths. However, Th2 cells also play a pivotal role in the onset and progression of allergic inflammatory diseases such as atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, asthma, and food allergy. This happens when allergens, which are otherwise harmless foreign proteins, are mistakenly identified as "pathogenic." Consequently, the encounter with these allergens triggers the activation of specific Th2 cell responses, leading to the development of allergic reactions. Understanding the molecular basis of allergen sensing is vital for comprehending how Th2 cell responses are erroneously initiated in individuals with allergies. The presence of protease activity in allergens, such as house dust mites (HDM), pollen, fungi, or cockroaches, has been found to play a significant role in triggering robust Th2 cell responses. In this review, we aim to examine the significance of protease activity sensing in foreign proteins for the initiation of Th2 cell responses, highlighting how evolving a host protease sensor may contribute to detect invading helminth parasites, but conversely can also trigger unwanted reactions to protease allergens. In this context, we will explore the recognition receptors activated by proteolytic enzymes present in major allergens and their contribution to Th2-mediated allergic responses. Furthermore, we will discuss the coordinated efforts of sensory neurons and epithelial cells in detecting protease allergens, the subsequent activation of intermediary cells, including mast cells and type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), and the ultimate integration of all signals by conventional dendritic cells (cDCs), leading to the induction of Th2 cell responses. On the other hand, the review highlights the role of monocytes in the context of protease allergen exposure and their interaction with cDCs to mitigate undesirable Th2 cell reactions. This review aims to provide insights into the innate functions and cell communications triggered by protease allergens, which can contribute to the initiation of detrimental Th2 cell responses, but also promote mechanisms to effectively suppress their development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beatriz León
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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5
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León B. A model of Th2 differentiation based on polarizing cytokine repression. Trends Immunol 2023; 44:399-407. [PMID: 37100645 PMCID: PMC10219849 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2023.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) can integrate multiple stimuli from the environment and provide three separate outputs in terms of antigen presentation, costimulation, and cytokine production; this guides the activation, expansion, and differentiation of distinct functional T helper subsets. Accordingly, the current dogma posits that T helper cell specification requires these three signals in sequence. Data show that T helper 2 (Th2) cell differentiation requires antigen presentation and costimulation from cDCs but does not require polarizing cytokines. In this opinion article, we propose that the 'third signal' driving Th2 cell responses is, in fact, the absence of polarizing cytokines; indeed, the secretion of the latter is actively suppressed in cDCs, concomitant with acquired pro-Th2 functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz León
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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Gopallawa I, Dehinwal R, Bhatia V, Gujar V, Chirmule N. A four-part guide to lung immunology: Invasion, inflammation, immunity, and intervention. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1119564. [PMID: 37063828 PMCID: PMC10102582 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1119564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lungs are important respiratory organs primarily involved in gas exchange. Lungs interact directly with the environment and their primary function is affected by several inflammatory responses caused by allergens, inflammatory mediators, and pathogens, eventually leading to disease. The immune architecture of the lung consists of an extensive network of innate immune cells, which induce adaptive immune responses based on the nature of the pathogen(s). The balance of immune responses is critical for maintaining immune homeostasis in the lung. Infection by pathogens and physical or genetic dysregulation of immune homeostasis result in inflammatory diseases. These responses culminate in the production of a plethora of cytokines such as TSLP, IL-9, IL-25, and IL-33, which have been implicated in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Shifting the balance of Th1, Th2, Th9, and Th17 responses have been the targets of therapeutic interventions in the treatment of these diseases. Here, we have briefly reviewed the innate and adaptive i3mmune responses in the lung. Genetic and environmental factors, and infection are the major causes of dysregulation of various functions of the lung. We have elaborated on the impact of inflammatory and infectious diseases, advances in therapies, and drug delivery devices on this critical organ. Finally, we have provided a comprehensive compilation of different inflammatory and infectious diseases of the lungs and commented on the pros and cons of different inhalation devices for the management of lung diseases. The review is intended to provide a summary of the immunology of the lung, with an emphasis on drug and device development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indiwari Gopallawa
- Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - Ruchika Dehinwal
- Department of Microbiology, Division of Infectious Disease, Brigham Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Vikramsingh Gujar
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Narendra Chirmule
- R&D Department, SymphonyTech Biologics, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Narendra Chirmule,
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Helou DG, Quach C, Fung M, Painter JD, Hurrell BP, Eddie Loh YH, Howard E, Shafiei-Jahani P, Soroosh P, Sharpe AH, Akbari O. Human PD-1 agonist treatment alleviates neutrophilic asthma by reprogramming T cells. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 151:526-538.e8. [PMID: 35963455 PMCID: PMC9905221 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neutrophilic asthma is associated with disease severity and corticosteroid insensitivity. Novel therapies are required to manage this life-threatening asthma phenotype. Programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) is a key homeostatic modulator of the immune response for T-cell effector functions. OBJECTIVE We sought to investigate the role of PD-1 in the regulation of acute neutrophilic inflammation in a murine model of airway hyperreactivity (AHR). METHODS House dust mite was used to induce and compare neutrophilic AHR in wild-type and PD-1 knockout mice. Then, the therapeutic potential of a human PD-1 agonist was tested in a humanized mouse model in which the PD-1 extracellular domain is entirely humanized. Single-cell RNA sequencing and flow cytometry were mainly used to investigate molecular and cellular mechanisms. RESULTS PD-1 was highly induced on pulmonary T cells in our inflammatory model. PD-1 deficiency was associated with an increased neutrophilic AHR and high recruitment of inflammatory cells to the lungs. Consistently, PD-1 agonist treatment dampened AHR, decreased neutrophil recruitment, and modulated cytokine production in a humanized PD-1 mouse model. Mechanistically, we demonstrated at the transcriptional and protein levels that the inhibitory effect of PD-1 agonist is associated with the reprogramming of pulmonary effector T cells that showed decreased number and activation. CONCLUSIONS PD-1 agonist treatment is efficient in dampening neutrophilic AHR and lung inflammation in a preclinical humanized mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doumet Georges Helou
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Christine Quach
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Marshall Fung
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Jacob D Painter
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Benjamin P Hurrell
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Yong-Hwee Eddie Loh
- USC Libraries Bioinformatics Service, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Emily Howard
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Pedram Shafiei-Jahani
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif
| | | | - Arlene H Sharpe
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Omid Akbari
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif.
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8
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León B. Understanding the development of Th2 cell-driven allergic airway disease in early life. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2023; 3:1080153. [PMID: 36704753 PMCID: PMC9872036 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2022.1080153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic diseases, including atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, asthma, and food allergy, are caused by abnormal responses to relatively harmless foreign proteins called allergens found in pollen, fungal spores, house dust mites (HDM), animal dander, or certain foods. In particular, the activation of allergen-specific helper T cells towards a type 2 (Th2) phenotype during the first encounters with the allergen, also known as the sensitization phase, is the leading cause of the subsequent development of allergic disease. Infants and children are especially prone to developing Th2 cell responses after initial contact with allergens. But in addition, the rates of allergic sensitization and the development of allergic diseases among children are increasing in the industrialized world and have been associated with living in urban settings. Particularly for respiratory allergies, greater susceptibility to developing allergic Th2 cell responses has been shown in children living in urban environments containing low levels of microbial contaminants, principally bacterial endotoxins [lipopolysaccharide (LPS)], in the causative aeroallergens. This review highlights the current understanding of the factors that balance Th2 cell immunity to environmental allergens, with a particular focus on the determinants that program conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) toward or away from a Th2 stimulatory function. In this context, it discusses transcription factor-guided functional specialization of type-2 cDCs (cDC2s) and how the integration of signals derived from the environment drives this process. In addition, it analyzes observational and mechanistic studies supporting an essential role for innate sensing of microbial-derived products contained in aeroallergens in modulating allergic Th2 cell immune responses. Finally, this review examines whether hyporesponsiveness to microbial stimulation, particularly to LPS, is a risk factor for the induction of Th2 cell responses and allergic sensitization during infancy and early childhood and the potential factors that may affect early-age response to LPS and other environmental microbial components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz León
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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9
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Li F, Li M, Hu L, Zhu W, Cheng D. Identification of key modules and hub genes for eosinophilic asthma by weighted gene co-expression network analysis. J Asthma 2022; 60:1038-1049. [PMID: 36165511 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2022.2128372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Eosinophilic asthma (EA) is one of the most important asthma phenotypes with distinct features. However, its genetic characteristics are not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the transcriptome features and to identify hub genes of EA.Methods: Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analysis, weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis were performed to construct gene networks and to identify hub genes. Enrichment analyses were performed to investigate the biological processes, pathways and immune status of EA. The hub genes were validated in another dataset. The diagnostic value of the identified hub genes was assessed by receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC) analysis.Results: Compared with NEA, EA had a different gene expression pattern, in which 81 genes were differentially expressed. WGCNA identified two gene modules significantly associated with EA. Intersections of the DEGs and the genes in the modules associated with EA were mainly enriched in chemotaxis and signal transduction by GO and KEGG enrichment analyses. Single-sample gene set enrichment analysis indicated that EA had different immune infiltration and functions compared with NEA. Seven hub genes of EA were identified and validated, including CCL17, CCL26, CD1C, CXCL11, CXCL10, CCL22 and CCR7, all of which have diagnostic value for distinguishing EA from NEA (All AUC >0.7) .Conclusions: This study demonstrated the distinct gene expression patterns, biological processes and immune status of EA. Hub genes of EA were identified and validated. Our study could provide a framework of co-expression gene modules and potential therapeutic targets for EA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanmin Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,General Practice Department, The People's Hospital of Leshan, Leshan, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Lijia Hu
- Department of Ultrasound Imaging, The People's Hospital of Leshan, Leshan, China
| | - Wenye Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Deyun Cheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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10
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Saleem A, Najda A, Mubeen A, Akhtar MF, Bukhari SA, Zeb A. HPLC-DAD analysis of Quercus leucotrichophora extract and appraisal of its antiasthmatic potential via modulation of aquaporins, inflammatory, and oxidative stress biomarkers in Albino mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113702. [PMID: 36115113 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Herbal drugs offer an alternative approach for the treatment of diseases like asthma due to low cost and comparatively less adverse effects in contrast to synthetic drugs. Leaves of Quercus leucotrichophora are traditionally used for the treatment of asthma. The study was aimed to assess the anti-asthmatic activity of Quercus leucotrichophora (QL) methanolic (QLME) and aqueous extracts (QLAE) in ovalbumin-(OVA) induced asthma and chemical characterization of QL extract by High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). Animals were inoculated with OVA (i.p) on day 1 and 14 followed by intranasal challenge on 27th and 29th day. Both extracts of QL at 600, 300 and 150 mg/kg and dexamethasone (2 mg/kg) l were administered consecutively from days 15-26 via oral gavage. The QL extracts notably reduced (p < 0.0001-p < 0.05) total and differential leukocyte counts in blood and BALF and serum IgE levels in contrast to disease control. Both extracts and Dex substantially improved activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and GSH, while reduced malondialdehyde level in treated mice. Treatment with extracts and Dex caused significant (p < 0.0001-p < 0.05) downregulation of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-4, - 5, - 13, - 6, - 1β, and NF-κB whereas, increased expression of Aquaporin (AQP) 1 and AQP5 in contrast to disease control. It was inferenced from findings that both extract of QL exhibited notable antiasthmatic potential might be due to presence of Daidzein-glucuronic acid, 3-Hydroxyphloretin 6'-hexoside, Catechin, Quercetin, and Kaemferol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammara Saleem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Agnieszka Najda
- Department of Vegetable and Herbal Crops, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 50A Doświadczalna Street, 20-280 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Afza Mubeen
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Furqan Akhtar
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore Campus, Lahore 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Shazia Anwer Bukhari
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Alam Zeb
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 18800, Pakistan
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11
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Wang J, Cheng Y. The interaction of hsa_circ_0002594 and eIF4A3 promotes T-helper 2 cell differentiation by the regulation of PTEN. Clin Exp Med 2022:10.1007/s10238-022-00862-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10238-022-00862-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Kaur K, Bachus H, Lewis C, Papillion AM, Rosenberg AF, Ballesteros-Tato A, León B. GM-CSF production by non-classical monocytes controls antagonistic LPS-driven functions in allergic inflammation. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110178. [PMID: 34965421 PMCID: PMC8759241 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can either promote or prevent T helper 2 (Th2) cell allergic responses. However, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. We show here that LPS activity switches from pro-pathogenic to protective depending on the production of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) by non-classical monocytes. In the absence of GM-CSF, LPS can favor pathogenic Th2 cell responses by supporting the trafficking of lung-migratory dendritic cells (mDC2s) into the lung-draining lymph node. However, when non-classical monocytes produce GM-CSF, LPS and GM-CSF synergize to differentiate monocyte-derived DCs from classical Ly6Chi monocytes that instruct mDC2s for Th2 cell suppression. Importantly, only allergens with cysteine protease activity trigger GM-CSF production by non-classical monocytes. Hence, the therapeutic effect of LPS is restricted to allergens with this enzymatic activity. Treatment with GM-CSF, however, restores the protective effects of LPS. Thus, GM-CSF produced by non-classical monocytes acts as a rheostat that fine-tunes the pathogenic and therapeutic functions of LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamaljeet Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Holly Bachus
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Crystal Lewis
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Amber M Papillion
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Alexander F Rosenberg
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - André Ballesteros-Tato
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Beatriz León
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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Pybus HJ, Tatler AL, Edgar LT, O'Dea RD, Brook BS. Reduced biomechanical models for precision-cut lung-slice stretching experiments. J Math Biol 2021; 82:35. [PMID: 33721103 PMCID: PMC7960642 DOI: 10.1007/s00285-021-01578-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Precision-cut lung-slices (PCLS), in which viable airways embedded within lung parenchyma are stretched or induced to contract, are a widely used ex vivo assay to investigate bronchoconstriction and, more recently, mechanical activation of pro-remodelling cytokines in asthmatic airways. We develop a nonlinear fibre-reinforced biomechanical model accounting for smooth muscle contraction and extracellular matrix strain-stiffening. Through numerical simulation, we describe the stresses and contractile responses of an airway within a PCLS of finite thickness, exposing the importance of smooth muscle contraction on the local stress state within the airway. We then consider two simplifying limits of the model (a membrane representation and an asymptotic reduction in the thin-PCLS-limit), that permit analytical progress. Comparison against numerical solution of the full problem shows that the asymptotic reduction successfully captures the key elements of the full model behaviour. The more tractable reduced model that we develop is suitable to be employed in investigations to elucidate the time-dependent feedback mechanisms linking airway mechanics and cytokine activation in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah J Pybus
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Amanda L Tatler
- Respiratory Medicine, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Lowell T Edgar
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Reuben D O'Dea
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Bindi S Brook
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
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14
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Saito T, Ichikawa T, Numakura T, Yamada M, Koarai A, Fujino N, Murakami K, Yamanaka S, Sasaki Y, Kyogoku Y, Itakura K, Sano H, Takita K, Tanaka R, Tamada T, Ichinose M, Sugiura H. PGC-1α regulates airway epithelial barrier dysfunction induced by house dust mite. Respir Res 2021; 22:63. [PMID: 33607992 PMCID: PMC7893966 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-021-01663-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The airway epithelial barrier function is disrupted in the airways of asthmatic patients. Abnormal mitochondrial biogenesis is reportedly involved in the pathogenesis of asthma. However, the role of mitochondrial biogenesis in the airway barrier dysfunction has not been elucidated yet. This study aimed to clarify whether the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1α), a central regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, is involved in the disruption of the airway barrier function induced by aeroallergens. Methods BEAS-2B cells were exposed to house dust mite (HDM) and the expressions of PGC-1α and E-cadherin, a junctional protein, were examined by immunoblotting. The effect of SRT1720, a PGC-1α activator, was investigated by immunoblotting, immunocytochemistry, and measuring the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) on the HDM-induced reduction in mitochondrial biogenesis markers and junctional proteins in airway bronchial epithelial cells. Furthermore,the effects of protease activated receptor 2 (PAR2) inhibitor, GB83, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) inhibitor, lipopolysaccharide from Rhodobacter sphaeroides (LPS-RS), protease inhibitors including E64 and 4-(2-Aminoethyl) benzenesulfonyl fluoride hydrochloride (AEBSF) on the HDM-induced barrier dysfunction were investigated. Results The amounts of PGC-1α and E-cadherin in the HDM-treated cells were significantly decreased compared to the vehicle-treated cells. SRT1720 restored the expressions of PGC-1α and E-cadherin reduced by HDM in BEAS-2B cells. Treatment with SRT1720 also significantly ameliorated the HDM-induced reduction in TEER. In addition, GB83, LPS-RS, E64 and AEBSF prevented the HDM-induced reduction in the expression of PGC1α and E-cadherin. Conclusions The current study demonstrated that HDM disrupted the airway barrier function through the PAR2/TLR4/PGC-1α-dependent pathway. The modulation of this pathway could be a new approach for the treatment of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Saito
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Ichikawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan.
| | - Tadahisa Numakura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Yamada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Akira Koarai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Naoya Fujino
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Koji Murakami
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Shun Yamanaka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Yusaku Sasaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Yorihiko Kyogoku
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sendai City Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Koji Itakura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Osaki Citizen Hospital, Osaki, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hirohito Sano
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Katsuya Takita
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Rie Tanaka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Tamada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Masakazu Ichinose
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Osaki Citizen Hospital, Osaki, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hisatoshi Sugiura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
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15
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Zhang Z, Wang J, Chen O. Identification of biomarkers and pathogenesis in severe asthma by coexpression network analysis. BMC Med Genomics 2021; 14:51. [PMID: 33602227 PMCID: PMC7893911 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-021-00892-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe asthma is a heterogeneous inflammatory disease. The increase in precise immunotherapy for severe asthmatics requires a greater understanding of molecular mechanisms and biomarkers. In this study, we aimed to identify the underlying mechanisms and hub genes that determine asthma severity. METHODS Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified based on bronchial epithelial brushings from mild and severe asthmatics. Then, weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to identify gene networks and the module most significantly associated with asthma severity. Furthermore, hub gene screening and functional enrichment analysis were performed. Replication with another dataset was conducted to validate the hub genes. RESULTS DEGs from 14 mild and 11 severe asthmatics were subjected to WGCNA. Six modules associated with asthma severity were identified. Three modules were positively correlated (P < 0.001) with asthma severity and contained genes that were upregulated in severe asthmatics. Functional enrichment analysis showed that genes in the most significant module were mainly enriched in neutrophil activation and degranulation, and cytokine receptor interaction. Hub genes included CXCR1, CXCR2, CCR1, CCR7, TLR2, FPR1, FCGR3B, FCGR2A, ITGAM, and PLEK; CXCR1, CXCR2, and TLR2 were significantly related to asthma severity in the validation dataset. The combination of ten hub genes exhibited a moderate ability to distinguish between severe and mild-moderate asthmatics. CONCLUSION Our results identified biomarkers and characterized potential pathogenesis of severe asthma, providing insight into treatment targets and prognostic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyi Zhang
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, #44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012 China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, #44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012 China
| | - Ou Chen
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, #44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012 China
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16
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León B, Ballesteros-Tato A. Modulating Th2 Cell Immunity for the Treatment of Asthma. Front Immunol 2021; 12:637948. [PMID: 33643321 PMCID: PMC7902894 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.637948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It is estimated that more than 339 million people worldwide suffer from asthma. The leading cause of asthma development is the breakdown of immune tolerance to inhaled allergens, prompting the immune system's aberrant activation. During the early phase, also known as the sensitization phase, allergen-specific T cells are activated and become central players in orchestrating the subsequent development of allergic asthma following secondary exposure to the same allergens. It is well-established that allergen-specific T helper 2 (Th2) cells play central roles in developing allergic asthma. As such, 80% of children and 60% of adult asthma cases are linked to an unwarranted Th2 cell response against respiratory allergens. Thus, targeting essential components of Th2-type inflammation using neutralizing antibodies against key Th2 modulators has recently become an attractive option for asthmatic patients with moderate to severe symptoms. In addition to directly targeting Th2 mediators, allergen immunotherapy, also known as desensitization, is focused on redirecting the allergen-specific T cells response from a Th2-type profile to a tolerogenic one. This review highlights the current understanding of the heterogeneity of the Th2 cell compartment, their contribution to allergen-induced airway inflammation, and the therapies targeting the Th2 cell pathway in asthma. Further, we discuss available new leads for successful targeting pulmonary Th2 cell responses for future therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz León
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Andre Ballesteros-Tato
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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17
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Lee BW, Ha JH, Ji Y, Jeong SH, Kim JH, Lee J, Park JY, Kwon HJ, Jung K, Kim JC, Ryu YB, Lee IC. Alnus hirsuta (Spach) Rupr. Attenuates Airway Inflammation and Mucus Overproduction in a Murine Model of Ovalbumin-Challenged Asthma. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:614442. [PMID: 33643046 PMCID: PMC7902870 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.614442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Alnus hirsuta (Spach) Rupr. (AH), a member of the Betulaceae family, is widely used in Eastern Asia of as a source of medicinal compounds for the treatment of hemorrhage, diarrhea, and alcoholism. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of a methanolic extract of AH branches against airway inflammation and mucus production in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-stimulated NCI-H292 cells and in an ovalbumin (OVA)-challenged allergic asthma mouse model. Female BALB/c mice were injected with OVA (40 μg) and aluminum hydroxide (2 mg) on days 0 and 14 to induce allergic airway inflammation. The mice were then challenged with 1% OVA from days 21–23. Mice were treated with AH (50 and 100 mg/kg/day; 2% DMSO) or dexamethasone (positive control; 3 mg/kg/day) from days 18–23. AH treatment effectively attenuated airway resistance/hyperresponsiveness and reduced levels of T helper type 2 (Th2) cytokines, eotaxins, and number of inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and immunoglobulin E in serums of OVA-challenged mice. In histological analysis, AH treatment significantly inhibited airway inflammation and mucus production in OVA-challenged mice. AH treatment downregulated the phosphorylation of I kappa B-alpha, p65 nuclear factor-kappa B (p65NF-κB), and mitogen-activated protein kinases with suppression of mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) in lung tissue. Moreover, AH treatment decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and Th2 cytokines, as well as MUC5AC expression, and inhibited the phosphorylation of p65NF-κB in TNF-α-stimulated NCI-H292 cells. These results indicate that AH might represent a useful therapeutic agent for the treatment of allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ba-Wool Lee
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, South Korea.,Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Ha
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, South Korea.,Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Yeongseon Ji
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, South Korea
| | - Seong-Hun Jeong
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, South Korea
| | - Ju-Hong Kim
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, South Korea
| | - Jihye Lee
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, South Korea
| | - Ji-Young Park
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, South Korea
| | - Hyung-Jun Kwon
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, South Korea
| | - Kyungsook Jung
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, South Korea
| | - Jong-Choon Kim
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Young-Bae Ryu
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, South Korea
| | - In-Chul Lee
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, South Korea
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18
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Gracias DT, Sethi GS, Mehta AK, Miki H, Gupta RK, Yagita H, Croft M. Combination blockade of OX40L and CD30L inhibits allergen-driven memory T H2 cell reactivity and lung inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 147:2316-2329. [PMID: 33160971 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The selective reduction of memory TH2 cell responses could be key to affording tolerance and protection from the recurrence of damaging allergic pathology. OBJECTIVE We asked whether TNF family costimulatory molecules cooperated to promote accumulation and reactivity of effector memory CD4 T cells to inhaled complex allergen, and whether their neutralization could promote airway tolerance to subsequent reexposure to allergen. METHODS Mice were sensitized intraperitoneally or intranasally with house dust mite and challenged with intranasal allergen after memory had developed. We assessed whether single or combined blockade of OX40L/CD252 and CD30L/CD153 inhibited memory T cells from driving acute asthmatic lung inflammation and protected mice following exposure to allergen at a later time. RESULTS OX40- or CD30-deficient animals showed strong or partial protection against allergic airway inflammation; however, neutralizing either molecule alone during the secondary response to allergen had little effect on the frequency of effector memory CD4 T cells formed and acute lung inflammation. In contrast, a significant reduction in eosinophilic inflammation was observed when OX40L and CD30L were simultaneously neutralized, with dual blockade inhibiting effector memory TH2 cell expansion in the lungs, whereas formation of peripherally induced regulatory T cells remained intact. Moreover, dual blockade during the secondary response resulted in a tolerogenic state such that mice did not develop a normal tertiary memory TH2 cell and lung inflammatory response when challenged weeks later with allergen. CONCLUSION Memory T-cell responses to complex allergens are controlled by several TNF costimulatory interactions, and their combination targeting might represent a strategy to reduce the severity of inflammatory reactions following reexposure to allergen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald T Gracias
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, Calif
| | - Gurupreet S Sethi
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, Calif
| | - Amit K Mehta
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, Calif
| | - Haruka Miki
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, Calif
| | - Rinkesh K Gupta
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, Calif
| | - Hideo Yagita
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michael Croft
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, Calif; Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, Calif.
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19
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Liang ZQ, Tu PC, Ji JJ, Xing QQ, Zhao X. Gu-Ben-Fang-Xiao attenuates allergic airway inflammation by inhibiting BAFF-mediated B cell activation. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 132:110801. [PMID: 33049582 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic airway inflammation is one of the major pathological events involved in the development of asthma. The B cell-activating factor (BAFF)-mediated abnormal activation of B cells plays a key role in developing allergic airway inflammation. Here, we investigated the effects of Gu-Ben-Fang-Xiao decoction (GBFXD), a TCM decoction used in the prevention and treatment of allergic asthma, on allergic airway inflammation and BAFF-mediated B cell activation. A mouse model of OVA-Severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) induced asthma in the remission stage was administrated with GBFXD by gavage for four weeks, after which, the pulmonary function was evaluated. Pathological changes of the lung were observed by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, and serum levels of IgE, BAFF, and inflammatory factors were detected by ELISA. The expression of BAFF, APRIL, and their related receptors in the lung and spleen was detected by Western blotting and RT-qPCR. Flow cytometry detected B cell subsets in the spleen, PBC, and monocyte subsets in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). The results showed that GBFXD improved the lung function, alleviated the inflammatory changes of the lung tissue in OVA-RSV sensitized mice, and reduced levels of IL-6, TNF-α, IL1-β, INOS, IL13 as well as IL-15, IgE, BAFF in the serum of OVA-RAV mice. Additionally, GBFXD significantly reduced the proportion of CD19+CD27+ B cell subpopulation and IgE + B cell subpopulation in the PBC and spleen cells of mice. Furthermore, the expression of BAFF, APRIL, BAFFR, TACI, and AID decreased in the lung and spleen of GBFXD-treated mice, as well as the proportion of CD11b + BAFF + cell subsets in BALF. In conclusion, GBFXD has an inhibitory effect on the secretion of BAFF by pulmonary macrophages and the expression of BAFF-related receptors, thereby reducing B cell activation and the release of IgE. This proposed mechanism contributes to the improvement of allergic airway inflammation and respiratory function in an asthmatic mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Qing Liang
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China; Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China; Pediatric Institution of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Peng-Cheng Tu
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China; Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jian-Jian Ji
- Pediatric Institution of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Qiong-Qiong Xing
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China; Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China; Pediatric Institution of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China; Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China; Pediatric Institution of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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20
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Long A, Bunning B, Sampath V, DeKruyff RH, Nadeau KC. Epigenetics and the Environment in Airway Disease: Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1253:153-181. [PMID: 32445095 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-3449-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Asthma and rhinitis are complex, heterogeneous diseases characterized by chronic inflammation of the upper and lower airways. While genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified a number of susceptible loci and candidate genes associated with the pathogenesis of asthma and allergic rhinitis (AR), the risk-associated alleles account for only a very small percent of the genetic risk. In allergic airway and other complex diseases, it is thought that epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding microRNAs, caused by complex interactions between the underlying genome and the environment may account for some of this "missing heritability" and may explain the high degree of plasticity in immune responses. In this chapter, we will focus on the current knowledge of classical epigenetic modifications, DNA methylation and histone modifications, and their potential role in asthma and AR. In particular, we will review epigenetic variations associated with maternal airway disease, demographics, environment, and non-specific associations. The role of specific genetic haplotypes in environmentally induced epigenetic changes are also discussed. A major limitation of many of the current studies of asthma epigenetics is that they evaluate epigenetic modifications in both allergic and non-allergic asthma, making it difficult to distinguish those epigenetic modifications that mediate allergic asthma from those that mediate non-allergic asthma. Additionally, most DNA methylation studies in asthma use peripheral or cord blood due to poor accessibility of airway cells or tissue. Unlike DNA sequences, epigenetic alterations are quite cell- and tissue-specific, and epigenetic changes found in airway tissue or cells may be discordant from that of circulating blood. These two confounding factors should be considered when reviewing epigenetic studies in allergic airway disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Long
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research at Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Department of Pharmacy, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Bryan Bunning
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research at Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Vanitha Sampath
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research at Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Rosemarie H DeKruyff
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research at Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Kari C Nadeau
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research at Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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21
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Wang W, Luo X, Zhang Q, He X, Zhang Z, Wang X. Bifidobacterium infantis Relieves Allergic Asthma in Mice by Regulating Th1/Th2. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e920583. [PMID: 32249275 PMCID: PMC7160606 DOI: 10.12659/msm.920583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bifidobacteria are among the probiotics used in treating intestinal diseases and are rarely used for allergic asthma treatment. The present study investigated the mechanism of B. infantis in treating allergic asthma in mice. Material/Methods A total of 40 male Balb/c mice were randomized into control, ovalbumin (OVA), montelukast (Mon), and B. infantis (B10) groups, and allergic asthma was induced in the OVA, Mon, and B10 groups. Airway reactivity was measured on day 29 by methacholine at various doses. The numbers of total cells and inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were counted by blood cell counter and Diff-Quik staining. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was performed to observe inflammatory cell infiltration in lung tissues. Total IgE and OVA-specific IgE in serum were measured by ELISA. Mucin 5AC expression was detected by Western blot to evaluate airway obstruction. The levels of Th1 (IFN-γ, IL-2) and Th2 (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13) cytokines in BALF and tissues were detected by ELISA and qRT-PCR, respectively. Results The mice in the OVA group had airway hyperreactivity, while the symptoms in the B10 group and Mon group were effectively relieved. B10 reduced the number of inflammatory cells in BALF as well as inflammatory cell infiltration in tissues. Moreover, the levels of total serum IgE, OVA-specific IgE, and Mucin 5AC were increased in the OVA group, but were reduced in the Mon group and B10 group. B. infantis increased the levels of Th1 cytokines and decreased those of Th2 cytokines. Conclusions B. infantis can reduce the infiltration of inflammatory cells induced by OVA-specific antibodies in mice. B. infantis has therapeutic effects on allergic asthma by promoting Th1 and inhibiting Th2 immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaoming Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Xujun He
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Zhifang Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Xinxin Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
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22
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Ting NC, Huang WC, Chen LC, Yang SH, Kuo ML. Descurainia sophia Ameliorates Eosinophil Infiltration and Airway Hyperresponsiveness by Reducing Th2 Cytokine Production in Asthmatic Mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2020; 47:1507-1522. [PMID: 31752525 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x19500770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In Chinese medicine, Descurainia sophia is used to treat cough by removing the phlegm in asthma and inflammatory airway disease, but the mechanism is not clear. In this study, we evaluated whether D. sophia water extract (DSWE) can alleviate airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in the lungs of a murine asthma model. Female BALB/c mice were divided into five groups: normal controls, ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized asthmatic mice, and OVA-sensitized mice treated with DSWE (2, 4, 8 g/day) by intraperitoneal injection. After sacrificing the mice, serum was collected to detect OVA-specific antibodies by ELISA, as well as bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) to detect cytokine levels. We also detected gene expression and histopathologically evaluated the lungs of asthmatic mice. DSWE reduced AHR, goblet cell hyperplasia, eosinophil infiltration, and collagen aggregation in the lungs of asthmatic mice. DSWE also suppressed the gene expression of Th2-associated cytokines and chemokines in lung tissue and inhibited serum OVA-IgE and Th2-associated cytokine levels in the BALF of OVA-sensitized mice. Our findings suggest that DSWE is a powerful immunomodulator for ameliorated allergic reactions by suppressing Th2 cytokine expression in asthmatic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nai-Chun Ting
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, No. 259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan District, Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chung Huang
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, No. 261, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan District, Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan.,Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, No. 261, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan District, Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan.,Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Guishan District, Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chen Chen
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, No. 261, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan District, Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan
| | - Sien-Hung Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, No. 259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan District, Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan.,Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, No. 261, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan District, Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan.,Division of Chinese Internal Medicine Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Guishan District, Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ling Kuo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, No. 259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan District, Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, No. 261, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan District, Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan.,Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, No. 261, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan District, Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan.,Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Guishan District, Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan
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23
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Harrell CR, Markovic BS, Fellabaum C, Arsenijevic N, Djonov V, Volarevic V. The role of Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist in mesenchymal stem cell-based tissue repair and regeneration. Biofactors 2020; 46:263-275. [PMID: 31755595 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), a naturally occurring antagonist of IL-1α/IL-1β signaling pathways, has been attributed to the immunosuppressive effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). MSCs, in IL-1Ra-dependent manner, suppressed production of IL-1β in dermal macrophages, induced their polarization in anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype, attenuated antigen-presenting properties of dendritic cells (DCs), and promoted expansion of immunosuppressive T regulatory cells in the skin, which resulted in enhanced repair of the nonhealing wounds. Reduced activation of inflammasome and suppressed production of IL-1β in macrophages were mainly responsible for beneficial effects of MSC-derived IL-1Ra in alleviation of acute lung injury, dry eye syndrome, and corneal injury. Through the production of IL-1Ra, MSCs reduced migration of DCs to the draining lymph nodes and attenuated generation of inflammatory Th1 and Th17 cells that resulted in alleviation of fulminant hepatitis and rheumatoid arthritis. MSCs, in IL-1Ra-dependent manner, reduced liver fibrosis by suppressing production of Type I collagen in hepatic stellate cells. IL-1Ra was, at least partially, responsible for enhanced proliferation of hepatocytes and chondrocytes in MSC-treated animals with partial hepatectomy and osteoarthritis. Despite of these beneficial effects, IL-1Ra-dependent inhibition of IL-1α/IL-1β-signaling significantly increased risk of infections. Therefore, future experimental and clinical studies should delineate potential side effects of MSC-derived IL-1Ra before IL-1Ra-overexpressing MSCs could be used as a potentially new therapeutic agent for the treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bojana Simovic Markovic
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department for Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | | | - Nebojsa Arsenijevic
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department for Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | | | - Vladislav Volarevic
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department for Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
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24
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Zhang N, Lu HT, Zhang RJ, Sun XJ. Protective effects of methane-rich saline on mice with allergic asthma by inhibiting inflammatory response, oxidative stress and apoptosis. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2020; 20:828-837. [PMID: 31489802 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1900195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a common cause of breathing difficulty in children and adults, and is characterized by chronic airway inflammation that is poorly controlled by available treatments. This results in severe disability and applies a huge burden to the public health system. Methane has been demonstrated to function as a therapeutic agent in many diseases. The aim of the present study was to explore the effect of methane-rich saline (MRS) on the pathophysiology of a mouse model of asthma and its underlying mechanism. METHODS A murine model of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic asthma was applied in this study. Mice were divided into three groups: a control group, an OVA group, and OVA-induced asthmatic mice treated with MRS as the third group. Lung resistance index (RI) and dynamic compliance (Cdyn) were measured to determine airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR). Haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was performed and scored to show histopathological changes. Cell counts of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were recorded. Cytokines interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-13, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 15 (CXCL15) from BALF and serum were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The oxidative stress indexes, including malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), were determined using commercial kits. Apoptosis was evaluated by western blot, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and biochemical examination. RESULTS MRS administration reversed the OVA-induced AHR, attenuated the pathological inflammatory infiltration, and decreased the cytokines IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, TNF-α, and CXCL15 in serum and BALF. Moreover, following MRS administration, the oxidative stress was alleviated as indicated by decreased MDA, MPO, and 8-OHdG, and elevated SOD and GSH. In addition, MRS exhibited an anti-apoptotic effect in this model, protecting epithelial cells from damage. CONCLUSIONS Methane improves pulmonary function and decreases infiltrative inflammatory cells in the allergic asthmatic mouse model. This may be associated with its anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and anti-apoptotic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- Department of Naval Aeromedicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hong-Tao Lu
- Department of Naval Aeromedicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Rong-Jia Zhang
- Department of Naval Aeromedicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xue-Jun Sun
- Department of Naval Aeromedicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Wang W, Wei C, Cheng Z, Yang J. Aberrant Th2 Immune Responses Are Associated With a Reduced Frequency of IL-35-Induced Regulatory T Cells After Allergen Exposure in Patients With Allergic Asthma. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2020; 12:1029-1045. [PMID: 32935493 PMCID: PMC7492513 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2020.12.6.1029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Allergen exposure induces aberrant T helper (Th) 2 immune responses in patients with allergic asthma, but not in sensitized asymptomatic and nonallergic subjects. Interleukin (IL)-35-induced regulatory T (iTr35) cells are a new subset of regulatory T cells with immunoregulatory properties. These cells can significantly suppress Th2 responses in seasonal allergic rhinitis. However, it remains unknown whether iTr35 cells are involved in the immunoregulation of allergic asthmatic individuals after specific allergen exposure. METHODS The iTr35 cell frequency in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was measured in patients with allergic asthma as well as in asymptomatic and healthy subjects. The difference in naïve CD4⁺ T cell conversion to iTr35 cells in vitro during allergen stimulation was also investigated. The effects of iTr35 cells on naïve CD4⁺ T cell differentiation into Th2 cells, CD4⁺CD25- T (Teff) cell proliferation and Th2 cytokine production in vitro were assessed. RESULTS Significantly reduced iTr35 cell frequencies and IL-35 expression levels were found in asthmatic patients with Derp1 allergy compared with asymptomatic and healthy subjects. Moreover, the circulating iTr35 cell proportion and IL-35 expression level in asthmatic patients gradually decreased with disease severity. Patients with allergic asthma had reduced transformation of naïve CD4⁺ T cells into iTr35 cells and IL-35 production after allergen exposure compared with asymptomatic and healthy subjects. Most importantly, iTr35 cells inhibited allergen-driven differentiation of naïve CD4⁺ T cells into Th2 cells, Teff cell proliferation and Th2 cytokine production in an IL-35-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS The results of our study suggest that iTr35 cells may play an important role in preventing Th2 responses to allergens by secreting IL-35 and that iTr35 cells may be a potential new immune regulator of allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Chaojie Wei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenshun Cheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiong Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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26
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Resolution of allergic asthma. Semin Immunopathol 2019; 41:665-674. [PMID: 31705318 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-019-00770-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Allergic asthma is an inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by recurrent episodes of wheezing and bronchoconstriction. Chronic inflammation may finally lead to structural damage followed by airway remodeling. Various studies in recent years contributed to unravel important aspects of the immunopathogenesis of asthma and adapted new pharmaceutical developments. Here, I consider some novel insights into the immunopathogenesis of asthma and the protective and pathogenic roles of some innate and adaptive immune cells as well as the function of soluble mediators such as cytokines. Particular attention will be given to new concepts on resolution of chronic airway inflammation for prevention of airway structural damage.
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27
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León B, Lund FE. Compartmentalization of dendritic cell and T-cell interactions in the lymph node: Anatomy of T-cell fate decisions. Immunol Rev 2019; 289:84-100. [PMID: 30977197 PMCID: PMC6464380 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Upon receiving cognate and co-stimulatory priming signals from antigen (Ag)-presenting dendritic cells (DCs) in secondary lymphoid tissues, naïve CD4+ T cells differentiate into distinct effector and memory populations. These alternate cell fate decisions, which ultimately control the T-cell functional attributes, are dictated by programming signals provided by Ag-bearing DCs and by other cells that are present in the microenvironment in which T-cell priming occurs. We know that DCs can be subdivided into multiple populations and that the various DC subsets exhibit differential capacities to initiate development of the different CD4+ T-helper populations. What is less well understood is why different subanatomic regions of secondary lymphoid tissues are colonized by distinct populations of Ag-presenting DCs and how the location of these DCs influences the type of T-cell response that will be generated. Here we review how chemokine receptors and their ligands, which position allergen and nematode-activated DCs within different microdomains of secondary lymphoid tissues, contribute to the establishment of IL-4 committed follicular helper T and type 2 helper cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz León
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Frances E. Lund
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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28
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Bachus H, Kaur K, Papillion AM, Marquez-Lago TT, Yu Z, Ballesteros-Tato A, Matalon S, León B. Impaired Tumor-Necrosis-Factor-α-driven Dendritic Cell Activation Limits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Protection from Allergic Inflammation in Infants. Immunity 2019; 50:225-240.e4. [PMID: 30635238 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Infants have a higher risk of developing allergic asthma than adults. However, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. We show here that sensitization of mice with house-dust mites (HDMs) in the presence of low-dose lipopolysaccharide (LPS) prevented T helper 2 (Th2) cell allergic responses in adult, but not infant, mice. Mechanistically, adult CD11b+ migratory dendritic cells (mDCs) upregulated the transcription factor T-bet in response to tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), which was rapidly induced after HDM + LPS sensitization. Consequently, adult CD11b+ mDCs produced interleukin-12 (IL-12), which prevented Th2 cell development by promoting T-bet upregulation in responding T cells. Conversely, infants failed to induce TNF-α after HDM + LPS sensitization. Therefore, CD11b+ mDCs failed to upregulate T-bet and did not secrete IL-12 and Th2 cell responses normally developed in infant mice. Thus, the availability of TNF-α dictates the ability of CD11b+ mDCs to suppress allergic Th2-cell responses upon dose-dependent endotoxin sensitization and is a key mediator governing susceptibility to allergic airway inflammation in infant mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Bachus
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Kamaljeet Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Amber M Papillion
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Zhihong Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - André Ballesteros-Tato
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Sadis Matalon
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Beatriz León
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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29
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Zhang JF, Li Y, Zhang AZ, He QQ, Du YC, Cao W. Expression and pathological significance of CC chemokine receptor 7 and its ligands in the airway of asthmatic rats exposed to cigarette smoke. J Thorac Dis 2018; 10:5459-5467. [PMID: 30416795 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2018.08.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Cigarette smoking aggravates the symptoms of asthma, leading to the rapid decline of lung function. Dendritic cells (DCs) and lymphocytes are considered initiating and promoting factors for the airway inflammation reactions of asthma. In addition, activation of CC chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) by chemokine (C-C motif) ligand (CCL) 19 and 21 promotes DCs and T cells migration to lymphoid tissues during inflammation. We aimed to examine how cigarette smoke affects the expression of CCR7 in the lungs of asthmatic rats and explore the signaling mechanism linking CCR7 expression to exacerbation of symptoms. Methods Forty Wistar rats were randomized to four groups: control, asthma, smoke exposure, and asthma with smoke exposure groups. A rat asthma model was established by intraperitoneal ovalbumin injection. CCR7 expression was examined with immunohistochemistry and western blotting. The number of airway DCs was determined by OX62 immunohistochemistry. Interferon (INF)-γ, interleukin (IL)-4, CCL19, and CCL21 expression levels in blood and bronchioalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Results Tissue CCR7 expression, peripheral blood and BALF CCL19 and CCL21 concentrations, and the number of airway DCs were significantly higher in the asthma with smoke exposure group than the asthma group (P<0.01). In addition, INF-γ expression was decreased and IL-4 increased in the asthma and asthma with smoke exposure groups compared with the control group (P<0.01), and in the asthma with smoke exposure group compared with the asthma group (P<0.01). Expression of CCR7 correlated negatively with INF-γ expression in peripheral blood and BALF (P<0.01), and positively with the airway DCs and IL-4 expression in the peripheral blood and BALF (P<0.01). Conclusions Cigarette smoking may aggravate asthma symptoms by attenuating immunity, possibly through CCR7-mediated DCs aggregation in lung tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Feng Zhang
- Department of Health Statistics, Public Health of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China.,Publishing house, Chinese Journal of Rheumatology, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Respiration Medicine, People's Hospital of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Ai-Zhen Zhang
- Department of Respiration Medicine, People's Hospital of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Qian-Qian He
- Department of Health Statistics, Public Health of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Yong-Cheng Du
- Department of Respiration Medicine, People's Hospital of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Wen Cao
- Department of Respiration Medicine, People's Hospital of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030001, China
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Jordakieva G, Jensen-Jarolim E. The impact of allergen exposure and specific immunotherapy on circulating blood cells in allergic rhinitis. World Allergy Organ J 2018; 11:19. [PMID: 30128065 PMCID: PMC6092783 DOI: 10.1186/s40413-018-0197-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an IgE-mediated inflammatory disease of the nasal mucosa with well described local immune responses during allergen exposure. The frequent association of AR with general extra-nasal symptoms and other allergic conditions, such as conjunctivitis and asthma, however, support a more systemic disease impact. In addition to acute elevation of soluble inflammatory mediators in periphery blood, a growing number of studies have reported changes in circulating blood cells after specific nasal allergen challenge or environmental allergen exposure. These findings imply an involvement of specific blood leukocyte subsets, thrombocytes and recently, erythrocytes. This review summarizes the circulating blood cell dynamics associated with allergen exposure in AR subjects reported so far. Additionally, the impact of therapy, particularly allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT), the only currently available causal treatment reducing AR-related symptoms, is further considered in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galateja Jordakieva
- 1Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, Vienna, 1090 Austria
| | - Erika Jensen-Jarolim
- 2Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria.,The interuniversity Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna, University of Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, Vienna, 1210 Austria.,AllergyCare, Allergy Diagnosis and Study Center Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Liou CJ, Cheng CY, Yeh KW, Wu YH, Huang WC. Protective Effects of Casticin From Vitex trifolia Alleviate Eosinophilic Airway Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in a Murine Asthma Model. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:635. [PMID: 29962952 PMCID: PMC6010522 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Casticin has been isolated from Vitex trifolia and found to have anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor properties. We also previously discovered that casticin can reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines and ICAM-1 expression in inflammatory pulmonary epithelial cells. In the present study, we evaluated whether casticin reduced airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR), airway inflammation, and oxidative stress in the lungs of a murine asthma model and alleviated inflammatory and oxidative responses in tracheal epithelial cells. Female BALB/c mice were randomly divided into five groups: normal controls, ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma, and OVA-induced asthma treated with intraperitoneal injection of casticin (5 or 10 mg/kg) or prednisolone (5 mg/kg). Casticin reduced AHR, goblet cell hyperplasia, and oxidative responses in the lungs of mice with asthma. Mechanistic studies revealed that casticin attenuated the levels of Th2 cytokine in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids and regulated the expression of Th2 cytokine and chemokine genes in the lung. Casticin also significantly regulated oxidative stress and reduced inflammation in the lungs of mice with asthma. Consequently, inflammatory tracheal epithelial BEAS-2B cells treated with casticin had significantly suppressed levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and eotaxin, and reduced THP-1 monocyte cell adherence to BEAS-2B cells via suppressed ICAM-1 expression. Thus, casticin is a powerful immunomodulator, ameliorating pathological changes by suppressing Th2 cytokine expression in mice with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chian-Jiun Liou
- Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Nursing, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yi Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Wei Yeh
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hong Wu
- Division of Chinese Internal Medicine, Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chung Huang
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
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