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Nomali M, Heidari ME, Ayati A, Tayebi A, Shevchuk O, Mohammadrezaei R, Navid H, Khayyatzadeh SS, Palii S, Valizade Shiran F, Khorasanian AS, Veysi Z, Jamalzehi A, Lesani A, Assari G, Khani S, Hassanpour K, Gerami H. Omega-3 supplementation and outcomes of heart failure: A systematic review of clinical trials. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e36804. [PMID: 38241565 PMCID: PMC10798699 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Omega-3 supplements are endorsed for heart failure (HF) patients to reduce hospitalizations and mortality, offering anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective benefits. METHODS A comprehensive search was conducted in various databases until November 2022. Eligible studies included clinical trials on patients with HF. Data extraction covered study details, omega-3 specifics, outcomes, and limitations. The JADAD scale was used to assess the risk of bias in randomized controlled trials. RESULTS The review process involved 572 records from database searches, resulting in 19 studies after eliminating duplicates and screening. These studies assessed the impact of omega-3 on various clinical outcomes, such as mortality, hospitalization, cardiac function, and quality of life. Studied duration varied from weeks to years. Omega-3 supplementation demonstrated potential benefits such as improved heart function, reduced inflammation, and decreased risk of cardiovascular events. CONCLUSION Omega-3 supplementation could benefit heart disease treatment, potentially reducing therapy duration and improving outcomes. Starting omega-3 supplementation for HF patients seems favorable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahin Nomali
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Aryan Ayati
- Research Center for Advanced Technologies in Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Tayebi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Oksana Shevchuk
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Ramin Mohammadrezaei
- Fellowship of Advanced Heart Failure and Transplantation, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Navid
- Fellowship of Advanced Heart Failure and Transplantation, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sayyed Saeid Khayyatzadeh
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Svitlana Palii
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | | | - Atie Sadat Khorasanian
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Veysi
- Department of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atena Jamalzehi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Azadeh Lesani
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Golnoosh Assari
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shiva Khani
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, UK
| | - Kamyab Hassanpour
- School of Medicine, Student Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Hadis Gerami
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Jayathilake AG, Luwor RB, Nurgali K, Su XQ. Molecular Mechanisms Associated with the Inhibitory Role of Long Chain n-3 PUFA in Colorectal Cancer. Integr Cancer Ther 2024; 23:15347354241243024. [PMID: 38708673 PMCID: PMC11072084 DOI: 10.1177/15347354241243024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related death in the world. Multiple evidence suggests that there is an association between excess fat consumption and the risk of CRC. The long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFA), especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are essential for human health, and both in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that these fatty acids can prevent CRC development through various molecular mechanisms. These include the modulation of arachidonic acid (AA) derived prostaglandin synthesis, alteration of growth signaling pathways, arrest of the cell cycle, induction of cell apoptosis, suppression of angiogenesis and modulation of inflammatory response. Human clinical studies found that LC n-3 PUFA combined with chemotherapeutic agents can improve the efficacy of treatment and reduce the dosage of chemotherapy and associated side effects. In this review, we discuss comprehensively the anti-cancer effects of LC n-3 PUFA on CRC, with a main focus on the underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rodney Brain Luwor
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat, VIC, Australia
| | - Kulmira Nurgali
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Institute for Muscular Skeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Xiao Qun Su
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Conde T, Neves B, Couto D, Melo T, Lopes D, Pais R, Batista J, Cardoso H, Silva JL, Domingues P, Domingues MR. Polar Lipids of Marine Microalgae Nannochloropsis oceanica and Chlorococcum amblystomatis Mitigate the LPS-Induced Pro-Inflammatory Response in Macrophages. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:629. [PMID: 38132950 PMCID: PMC10745121 DOI: 10.3390/md21120629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgae are recognized as a relevant source of bioactive compounds. Among these bioactive products, lipids, mainly glycolipids, have been shown to present immunomodulatory properties with the potential to mitigate chronic inflammation. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of polar lipids isolated from Nannochloropsis oceanica and Chlorococcum amblystomatis. Three fractions enriched in (1) digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (SQDG), (2) monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG), and (3) diacylglyceryl-trimethylhomoserine (DGTS) and phospholipids (PL) were obtained from the total lipid extracts (TE) of N. oceanica and C. amblystomatis, and their anti-inflammatory effect was assessed by analyzing their capacity to counteract nitric oxide (NO) production and transcription of pro-inflammatory genes Nos2, Ptgs2, Tnfa, and Il1b in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated macrophages. For both microalgae, TE and Fractions 1 and 3 strongly inhibited NO production, although to different extents. A strong reduction in the LPS-induced transcription of Nos2, Ptgs2, Tnfa, and Il1b was observed for N. oceanica and C. amblystomatis lipids. The most active fractions were the DGTS-and-PL-enriched fraction from N. oceanica and the DGDG-and-SQDG-enriched fraction from C. amblystomatis. Our results reveal that microalgae lipids have strong anti-inflammatory capacity and may be explored as functional ingredients or nutraceuticals, offering a natural solution to tackle chronic inflammation-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Conde
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (D.C.); (T.M.); (R.P.); (J.B.)
- CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (D.L.); (P.D.)
- Department of Medical Sciences and Institute of Biomedicine—iBiMED, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Bruno Neves
- Department of Medical Sciences and Institute of Biomedicine—iBiMED, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Daniela Couto
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (D.C.); (T.M.); (R.P.); (J.B.)
- CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (D.L.); (P.D.)
| | - Tânia Melo
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (D.C.); (T.M.); (R.P.); (J.B.)
- CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (D.L.); (P.D.)
| | - Diana Lopes
- CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (D.L.); (P.D.)
| | - Rita Pais
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (D.C.); (T.M.); (R.P.); (J.B.)
| | - Joana Batista
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (D.C.); (T.M.); (R.P.); (J.B.)
| | - Helena Cardoso
- R&D Department, Allmicroalgae—Natural Products S.A., Rua 25 de Abril s/n, 2445-413 Pataias, Portugal; (H.C.); (J.L.S.)
| | - Joana Laranjeira Silva
- R&D Department, Allmicroalgae—Natural Products S.A., Rua 25 de Abril s/n, 2445-413 Pataias, Portugal; (H.C.); (J.L.S.)
| | - Pedro Domingues
- CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (D.L.); (P.D.)
| | - M. Rosário Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (D.C.); (T.M.); (R.P.); (J.B.)
- CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (D.L.); (P.D.)
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Fu L, Li M, Lv J, Yang C, Zhang Z, Qin S, Li W, Wang X, Chen L. Deep neural network for discovering metabolism-related biomarkers for lung adenocarcinoma. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1270772. [PMID: 37955007 PMCID: PMC10634586 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1270772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Lung cancer is a major cause of illness and death worldwide. Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is its most common subtype. Metabolite-mRNA interactions play a crucial role in cancer metabolism. Thus, metabolism-related mRNAs are potential targets for cancer therapy. Methods This study constructed a network of metabolite-mRNA interactions (MMIs) using four databases. We retrieved mRNAs from the Tumor Genome Atlas (TCGA)-LUAD cohort showing significant expressional changes between tumor and non-tumor tissues and identified metabolism-related differential expression (DE) mRNAs among the MMIs. Candidate mRNAs showing significant contributions to the deep neural network (DNN) model were mined. Using MMIs and the results of function analysis, we created a subnetwork comprising candidate mRNAs and metabolites. Results Finally, 10 biomarkers were obtained after survival analysis and validation. Their good prognostic value in LUAD was validated in independent datasets. Their effectiveness was confirmed in the TCGA and an independent Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC) dataset by comparison with traditional machine-learning models. Conclusion To summarize, 10 metabolism-related biomarkers were identified, and their prognostic value was confirmed successfully through the MMI network and the DNN model. Our strategy bears implications to pave the way for investigating metabolic biomarkers in other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Fu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Manshi Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Junjie Lv
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chengcheng Yang
- Department of Respiratory, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zihan Zhang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shimei Qin
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wan Li
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xinyan Wang
- Department of Respiratory, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lina Chen
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Bo Q, Xie Y, Lin Q, Fu L, Hu C, Zhang Z, Meng Q, Xu F, Wang G, Miao Z, Wang H, Xu D. Docosahexaenoic acid protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced fetal growth restriction via inducing the ubiquitination and degradation of NF-κB p65 in placental trophoblasts. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 118:109359. [PMID: 37085060 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) could induce adverse birth outcomes by evoking inflammation. We investigated the effect and mechanism of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on LPS-induced placental inflammation and fetal growth restriction (FGR). In vivo, pregnant CD-1 mice were divided into four groups: Ctrl, DHA, LPS and DHA+LPS group. We found that DHA pretreatment reduced the incidence of FGR induced by LPS and activated the expression of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) in placental tissue. Moreover, the LPS-induced increase of mRNA levels of Tnf-α, Il-6, Il-1β, Mip-2 and Kc in placental tissue was significantly attenuated by DHA pretreatment. A similar effect of DHA was observed in serum of pregnant mice and amniotic fluid. In contrast, the levels of the IL-10 were significantly increased after DHA pretreatment. In vitro, we clarified that DHA antagonized the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway induced by LPS, which was dependent on PPARγ. Subsequently, CHX (translation inhibitor) was used to indicated that PPARγ significantly increased the degradation rate of p65, an effect that was inhibited by MG132 (proteasome inhibitor) treatment. Finally, it was confirmed that the activation of PPARγ could significantly promote the ubiquitination and degradation of p65. Our results suggested that DHA alleviated LPS-induced inflammatory responses and FGR by activating PPARγ expression, leading to p65 ubiquitination and degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingli Bo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yali Xie
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Qiulin Lin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Lin Fu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Chunqiu Hu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Qingchong Meng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Feixiang Xu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China;; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Guoxiu Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Ziyang Miao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China;; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Dexiang Xu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China;; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei 230032, China.
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Fish intake and risk of cardiovascular events: an analysis of the VITAL cohort. Eur J Clin Nutr 2023; 77:400-404. [PMID: 36482183 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-022-01244-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary habits with fish consumption have been associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular (CV) disease, based on heterogenous observational studies. Current recommendations suggest eating at least 1-2 fish servings per week for CV prevention. METHODS We conducted a retrospective evaluation of a cohort study that enrolled a large primary prevention population to determine the potential benefit of fish intake ≥1.5 serving per week, through a multivariate Cox regression model. The outcomes of interest included all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, MACE (composite endpoint of myocardial infarction, stroke, and death from cardiovascular causes), expanded MACE (MACE plus coronary revascularization), total myocardial infarction (MI), total coronary heart disease (CHD) and total stoke. The estimates were reported using hazard ratio (HR) with 99% confidence intervals (99% CI). RESULTS A total of 25,435 patients were evaluated (11,921 individuals ≥1.5 fish servings/week; 13,514 < 1.5 fish servings per week). Intake ≥1.5 servings/week was not independently associated with CV outcomes reduction, such as CV mortality, MI risk MACE, expanded MACE outcomes, CHD or stroke (HR 0.78, 99% CI 0.57-1.07). CONCLUSION Fish intake ≥1.5 servings/week was not associated with CV outcomes improvement in this analysis, but potential benefit cannot be ruled out.
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Fernández-Rojas M, Rodríguez L, Trostchansky A, Fuentes E. Regulation of platelet function by natural bioactive compounds. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Kavyani Z, Musazadeh V, Fathi S, Hossein Faghfouri A, Dehghan P, Sarmadi B. Efficacy of the omega-3 fatty acids supplementation on inflammatory biomarkers: An umbrella meta-analysis. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 111:109104. [PMID: 35914448 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Existing meta-analyses on omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and their anti-inflammatory effects have reported uncertain findings. The current umbrella meta-analysis aimed to assess the findings of multiple meta-analyses on the efficacy of n-3 PUFAs on inflammatory biomarkers in adults with different health conditions. METHODS Using suitable keywords, articles published until December 2021 were searched in PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, EMBASE, and Google Scholar. Meta-analyses investigating the impact of supplementation of n-3 PUFAs on inflammatory biomarkers in adults were included. We performed this meta-analysis using a random-effects model. RESULTS Overall, 32 meta-analyses were qualified in this umbrella meta-analysis. Our findings demonstrated that the n-3 PUFA supplementation significantly reduced serum C-reactive protein (CRP) (ES = -0.40; 95 % CI: -0.56, -0.24, p < 0.001; I2 = 89.5 %, p < 0.001), Tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) (ES = -0.23; 95 % CI: -0.37, -0.08, p = 0.002; I2 = 60.1 %, p < 0.001), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) concentrations (ES = -0.22; 95 % CI: -0.39, -0.05, p = 0.010; I2 = 66.2 %, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The current umbrella meta-analysis found that supplementation of n-3 PUFAs in adults can improve CRP, TNF-α, and IL-6 concentrations under various health conditions. n-3 PUFAs can be recommended as adjuvant anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynab Kavyani
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vali Musazadeh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Soroor Fathi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Faghfouri
- Maternal and Childhood Obesity Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Parvin Dehghan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Bahareh Sarmadi
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Therapeutic Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells versus Omega n − 3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Gentamicin-Induced Cardiac Degeneration. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071322. [PMID: 35890218 PMCID: PMC9319609 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This study compared the cardioprotective action of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and PUFAs in a rat model of gentamicin (GM)-induced cardiac degeneration. Male Wistar albino rats were randomized into four groups of eight rats each: group I (control group), group II (gentamicin-treated rats receiving gentamicin intraperitoneally (IP) at dose of 100 mg/kg/day for 10 consecutive days), group III (gentamicin and PUFA group receiving gentamicin IP at dose of 100 mg/kg/day for 10 consecutive days followed by PUFAs at a dose of 100 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks), and group IV (gentamicin and MSC group receiving gentamicin IP at dose of 100 mg/kg/day followed by a single dose of MSCs (1 × 106)/rat IP). Cardiac histopathology was evaluated via light and electron microscopy. Immunohistochemical detection of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), caspase-3 (apoptosis), Bcl2, and Bax expression was performed. Moreover, cardiac malonaldehyde (MDA) content, catalase activity, and oxidative stress parameters were biochemically evaluated. Light and electron microscopy showed that both MSCs and PUFAs had ameliorative effects. Their actions were mediated by upregulating PCNA expression, downregulating caspase-3 expression, mitigating cardiac MDA content, catalase activity, and oxidative stress parameters. MSCs and PUFAs had ameliorative effects against gentamicin-induced cardiac degeneration, with MSCs showing higher efficacy compared to PUFAs.
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Functional foods: promising therapeutics for Nigerian Children with sickle cell diseases. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09630. [PMID: 35677416 PMCID: PMC9167986 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD), also known as sickle cell anemia (SCA) is one of the structural hemoglobinopathies that occurs due to a single nucleotide mutation from GAG to GTG, which changes the amino acid of a β-globin chain of hemoglobin (Hb) from glutamate to valine. This singular mutation results to disorderliness in red blood cells (RBCs) with advent of changes in RBC morphology and other pathological conditions. In the 1980s, intermittent red blood cell transfusions, opioids, and penicillin prophylaxis were the only available therapy for SCA and were commonly reserved for acute, life threatening complications. So far, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has granted a total of four drugs approval for the prophylaxis and treatment of the clinical complications of SCD. Due to limitations (adherence, safety, adverse effects) of existing therapies in the prophylaxis and treatment of SCD complications in Nigerian children and their inaccessibility to approved drugs, the present study discusses the therapeutic effects of readily available functional food as one of the therapies or an adjunct therapy to tackle the sickle cell crisis in Nigerian Children.
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Nutraceutical Concepts and Dextrin-Based Delivery Systems. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084102. [PMID: 35456919 PMCID: PMC9031143 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutraceuticals are bioactive or chemical compounds acclaimed for their valuable biological activities and health-promoting effects. The global community is faced with many health concerns such as cancers, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, arthritis, osteoporosis, etc. The effect of nutraceuticals is similar to pharmaceuticals, even though the term nutraceutical has no regulatory definition. The usage of nutraceuticals, to prevent and treat the aforementioned diseases, is limited by several features such as poor water solubility, low bioavailability, low stability, low permeability, low efficacy, etc. These downsides can be overcome by the application of the field of nanotechnology manipulating the properties and structures of materials at the nanometer scale. In this review, the linear and cyclic dextrin, formed during the enzymatic degradation of starch, are highlighted as highly promising nanomaterials- based drug delivery systems. The modified cyclic dextrin, cyclodextrin (CD)-based nanosponges (NSs), are well-known delivery systems of several nutraceuticals such as quercetin, curcumin, resveratrol, thyme essential oil, melatonin, and appear as a more advanced drug delivery system than modified linear dextrin. CD-based NSs prolong and control the nutraceuticals release, and display higher biocompatibility, stability, and solubility of poorly water-soluble nutraceuticals than the CD-inclusion complexes, or uncomplexed nutraceuticals. In addition, the well-explored CD-based NSs pathways, as drug delivery systems, are described. Although important progress is made in drug delivery, all the findings will serve as a source for the use of CD-based nanosystems for nutraceutical delivery. To sum up, our review introduces the extensive literature about the nutraceutical concepts, synthesis, characterization, and applications of the CD-based nano delivery systems that will further contribute to the nutraceutical delivery with more potent nanosystems based on linear dextrins.
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Ferreira I, Falcato F, Bandarra N, Rauter AP. Resolvins, Protectins, and Maresins: DHA-Derived Specialized Pro-Resolving Mediators, Biosynthetic Pathways, Synthetic Approaches, and Their Role in Inflammation. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27051677. [PMID: 35268778 PMCID: PMC8912121 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Marine organisms are an important source of natural products with unique and diverse chemical structures that may hold the key for the development of novel drugs. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an omega-3 fatty acid marine natural product playing a crucial regulatory role in the resolution of inflammation and acting as a precursor for the biosynthesis of the anti-inflammatory specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) resolvins, protectins, and maresins. These metabolites exert many beneficial actions including neuroprotection, anti-hypertension, or anti-tumorigenesis. As dysregulation of SPMs is associated with diseases of prolonged inflammation, the disclosure of their bioactivities may be correlated with anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving capabilities, offering new targets for drug design. The availability of these SPMs from natural resources is very low, but the evaluation of their pharmacological properties requires their access in larger amounts, as achieved by synthetic routes. In this report, the first review of the total organic syntheses carried out for resolvins, protectins, and maresins is presented. Recently, it was proposed that DHA-derived pro-resolving mediators play a key role in the treatment of COVID-19. In this work we also review the current evidence on the structures, biosynthesis, and functional and new-found roles of these novel lipid mediators of disease resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Ferreira
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Ed. C8, Piso 5, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Division of Aquaculture, Upgrading and Bioprospecting, Portuguese Institute of the Sea and Atmosphere, Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-006 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Filipa Falcato
- Division of Aquaculture, Upgrading and Bioprospecting, Portuguese Institute of the Sea and Atmosphere, Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-006 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Narcisa Bandarra
- Division of Aquaculture, Upgrading and Bioprospecting, Portuguese Institute of the Sea and Atmosphere, Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-006 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: (N.B.); (A.P.R.); Tel.: +351-964408824 (A.P.R.)
| | - Amélia P. Rauter
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Ed. C8, Piso 5, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Correspondence: (N.B.); (A.P.R.); Tel.: +351-964408824 (A.P.R.)
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13
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Effects of supplementation with vegetable sources of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) on inflammatory markers and lipid profile in individuals with chronic kidney disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Nutr 2022; 41:1434-1444. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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14
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Bejaoui S, Chetoui I, Ghribi F, Soudani N, Cafsi MEL. Different frying processes stimulate lipid peroxidation and promote changes in the composition of cholesterol, free fatty acids and triglycerides in the commercial clam’s tissues Venerupis decussata. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/ijfe-2021-0224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This investigation was aimed to assess and evaluate the effect of frying process with three different oils (corn, olive and margarine) on fatty acids and lipid classes’ composition of clam and their impact on the nutritional value and tissues quality. The results indicated that the contents of saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids varied significantly in fried clams and frying oil. Our data demonstrated that all lipid classes’ contents increased significantly after all frying processes. It was concluded that the frying process decreased the n-3/n-6 and DHA+EPA and increased the levels of atherogenic; thrombogenic indices. Additionally, these culinary processes promoted lipid peroxidation through the enhancement of TBARs, PV and FFA. These changes were more significant and intensive after frying with margarine and corn oils followed by virgin olive oil. These results suggest that clam fried with olive oil can be classified as highly nutritive in regard to its lipid content, major fatty acid profile; and nutritional value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safa Bejaoui
- Laboratory of Ecology, Biology and Physiology of Aquatic Organisms, Biology Department, Faculty of Science of Tunis , University of Tunis El Manar , 2092 , Tunis , Tunisia
| | - Imene Chetoui
- Laboratory of Ecology, Biology and Physiology of Aquatic Organisms, Biology Department, Faculty of Science of Tunis , University of Tunis El Manar , 2092 , Tunis , Tunisia
| | - Feriel Ghribi
- Laboratory of Ecology, Biology and Physiology of Aquatic Organisms, Biology Department, Faculty of Science of Tunis , University of Tunis El Manar , 2092 , Tunis , Tunisia
| | - Nejla Soudani
- Laboratory of Ecology, Biology and Physiology of Aquatic Organisms, Biology Department, Faculty of Science of Tunis , University of Tunis El Manar , 2092 , Tunis , Tunisia
| | - Mhamed EL Cafsi
- Laboratory of Ecology, Biology and Physiology of Aquatic Organisms, Biology Department, Faculty of Science of Tunis , University of Tunis El Manar , 2092 , Tunis , Tunisia
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15
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MohanMarugaRaja MK, Devarajan A, Dhote VV. Dietary supplementation for traumatic brain injury. DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY 2022:485-494. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-823347-4.00038-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
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16
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Chernyak BV, Lyamzaev KG, Mulkidjanian AY. Innate Immunity as an Executor of the Programmed Death of Individual Organisms for the Benefit of the Entire Population. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413480. [PMID: 34948277 PMCID: PMC8704876 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, over-activation of innate immunity in response to viral or bacterial infections often causes severe illness and death. Furthermore, similar mechanisms related to innate immunity can cause pathogenesis and death in sepsis, massive trauma (including surgery and burns), ischemia/reperfusion, some toxic lesions, and viral infections including COVID-19. Based on the reviewed observations, we suggest that such severe outcomes may be manifestations of a controlled suicidal strategy protecting the entire population from the spread of pathogens and from dangerous pathologies rather than an aberrant hyperstimulation of defense responses. We argue that innate immunity may be involved in the implementation of an altruistic programmed death of an organism aimed at increasing the well-being of the whole community. We discuss possible ways to suppress this atavistic program by interfering with innate immunity and suggest that combating this program should be a major goal of future medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris V. Chernyak
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia;
- Correspondence: (B.V.C.); (A.Y.M.)
| | - Konstantin G. Lyamzaev
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Armen Y. Mulkidjanian
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia;
- School of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Physics, Osnabrueck University, D-49069 Osnabrueck, Germany
- Correspondence: (B.V.C.); (A.Y.M.)
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17
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Polverino A, Sorrentino P, Pesoli M, Mandolesi L. Nutrition and cognition across the lifetime: an overview on epigenetic mechanisms. AIMS Neurosci 2021; 8:448-476. [PMID: 34877399 PMCID: PMC8611190 DOI: 10.3934/neuroscience.2021024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The functioning of our brain depends on both genes and their interactions with environmental factors. The close link between genetics and environmental factors produces structural and functional cerebral changes early on in life. Understanding the weight of environmental factors in modulating neuroplasticity phenomena and cognitive functioning is relevant for potential interventions. Among these, nutrition plays a key role. In fact, the link between gut and brain (the gut-brain axis) is very close and begins in utero, since the Central Nervous System (CNS) and the Enteric Nervous System (ENS) originate from the same germ layer during the embryogenesis. Here, we investigate the epigenetic mechanisms induced by some nutrients on the cognitive functioning, which affect the cellular and molecular processes governing our cognitive functions. Furthermore, epigenetic phenomena can be positively affected by specific healthy nutrients from diet, with the possibility of preventing or modulating cognitive impairments. Specifically, we described the effects of several nutrients on diet-dependent epigenetic processes, in particular DNA methylation and histones post-translational modifications, and their potential role as therapeutic target, to describe how some forms of cognitive decline could be prevented or modulated from the early stages of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Polverino
- Institute of Diagnosis and Treatment Hermitage Capodimonte, Naples, Italy.,Department of Motor and Wellness Sciences, University of Naples "Parthenope", Naples, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Sorrentino
- Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.,Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems, National Research Council, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Matteo Pesoli
- Department of Motor and Wellness Sciences, University of Naples "Parthenope", Naples, Italy
| | - Laura Mandolesi
- Department of Humanities Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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18
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Dietary Interventions with or without Omega-3 Supplementation for the Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103506. [PMID: 34684507 PMCID: PMC8540415 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune condition characterized by symptoms of inflammation and pain in the joints. RA is estimated to have a worldwide prevalence of 0.5–1%, with a predominance in females. Diet may play an important role in the symptoms of RA; however, little is known about the effects of various diets. The aim of this systematic review is to explore the effect of dietary interventions, with or without omega-3 supplementation for the management of RA. The electronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched for clinical trials investigating dietary interventions, with or without omega-3 supplementation to retrieve papers from inception to April 2021. Randomized and non-randomized controlled trials of dietary interventions in adults with RA were eligible for inclusion. Twenty studies with a total of 1063 participants were included. The most frequently reported outcomes were pain, duration of morning stiffness, joint tenderness, grip strength and inflammatory markers. Dietary interventions with an anti-inflammatory basis may be an effective way for adults with RA seeking complementary treatments, potentially leading to improvements in certain parameters. However, there is a need for longer duration studies that are well-designed and sufficiently powered to investigate the influence of diet on RA.
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19
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Koelman L, Egea Rodrigues C, Aleksandrova K. Effects of Dietary Patterns on Biomarkers of Inflammation and Immune Responses: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Adv Nutr 2021; 13:101-115. [PMID: 34607347 PMCID: PMC8803482 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Altered immune cell phenotype and chronic inflammation are key features shared by various chronic diseases. Evidence from nutritional interventions aimed at alleviating inflammation could be a promising approach for the prevention of adverse health outcomes. We therefore aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to summarize the recent evidence on the effects of dietary patterns on inflammatory and immune-related biomarkers in humans. PubMed, Medline, and Web of Science databases were searched for publications up to October 2020. In total, 22 RCTs were included in the meta-analysis conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The Mediterranean diet appeared as the dietary pattern that showed the most prominent reductions of inflammatory biomarkers such as IL-6 [mean difference (MD): -1.07 pg/mL (95% CI: -1.94, -0.20); I2: 96%], IL-1β [MD: -0.46 pg/mL (95% CI: -0.66, -0.25); I2: 0%], and C-reactive protein [MD: -1.00 mg/L (95% CI: -2.02, 0.01); I2: 100%]. No substantial effects were observed for the additional dietary patterns studied in intervention research, including the Dietary Adherence to Stop Hypertension diet, and the vegetarian or vegan diets. Future large-scale multifactorial intervention studies are warranted to allow direct comparison of various dietary patterns in relation to a range of biomarkers reflecting multiple inflammatory and immune-related pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liselot Koelman
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany,Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Caue Egea Rodrigues
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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20
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Conde TA, Zabetakis I, Tsoupras A, Medina I, Costa M, Silva J, Neves B, Domingues P, Domingues MR. Microalgal Lipid Extracts Have Potential to Modulate the Inflammatory Response: A Critical Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9825. [PMID: 34576003 PMCID: PMC8471354 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Noncommunicable diseases (NCD) and age-associated diseases (AAD) are some of the gravest health concerns worldwide, accounting for up to 70% of total deaths globally. NCD and AAD, such as diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease, and cancer, are associated with low-grade chronic inflammation and poor dietary habits. Modulation of the inflammatory status through dietary components is a very appellative approach to fight these diseases and is supported by increasing evidence of natural and dietary components with strong anti-inflammatory activities. The consumption of bioactive lipids has a positive impact on preventing chronic inflammation and consequently NCD and AAD. Thus, new sources of bioactive lipids have been sought out. Microalgae are rich sources of bioactive lipids such as omega-6 and -3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and polar lipids with associated anti-inflammatory activity. PUFAs are enzymatically and non-enzymatically catalyzed to oxylipins and have a significant role in anti and pro-resolving inflammatory responses. Therefore, a large and rapidly growing body of research has been conducted in vivo and in vitro, investigating the potential anti-inflammatory activities of microalgae lipids. This review sought to summarize and critically analyze recent evidence of the anti-inflammatory potential of microalgae lipids and their possible use to prevent or mitigate chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Alexandre Conde
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, Santiago University Campus, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Santiago University Campus, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
- Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine–iBiMED, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Ioannis Zabetakis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland; (I.Z.); (A.T.)
- Health Research Institute (HRI), University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
- Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
| | - Alexandros Tsoupras
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland; (I.Z.); (A.T.)
- Health Research Institute (HRI), University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
- Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
| | - Isabel Medina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIM-CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, E-36208 Vigo, Spain;
| | - Margarida Costa
- R&D Department, Allmicroalgae Natural Products SAA, Rua 25 de Abril 1974, 2445-287 Pataias, Portugal; (M.C.); (J.S.)
| | - Joana Silva
- R&D Department, Allmicroalgae Natural Products SAA, Rua 25 de Abril 1974, 2445-287 Pataias, Portugal; (M.C.); (J.S.)
| | - Bruno Neves
- Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine–iBiMED, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Pedro Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Santiago University Campus, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - M. Rosário Domingues
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, Santiago University Campus, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Santiago University Campus, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
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21
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Hayford FEA, Dolman RC, Ozturk M, Nienaber A, Ricci C, Loots DT, Brombacher F, Blaauw R, Smuts CM, Parihar SP, Malan L. Adjunct n-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Treatment in Tuberculosis Reduces Inflammation and Improves Anemia of Infection More in C3HeB/FeJ Mice With Low n-3 Fatty Acid Status Than Sufficient n-3 Fatty Acid Status. Front Nutr 2021; 8:695452. [PMID: 34504860 PMCID: PMC8421789 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.695452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Populations at risk for tuberculosis (TB) may have a low n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) status. Our research previously showed that post-infection supplementation of n-3 long-chain PUFA (LCPUFA) in TB without TB medication was beneficial in n-3 PUFA sufficient but not in low-status C3HeB/FeJ mice. In this study, we investigated the effect of n-3 LCPUFA adjunct to TB medication in TB mice with a low compared to a sufficient n-3 PUFA status. Mice were conditioned on an n-3 PUFA-deficient (n-3FAD) or n-3 PUFA-sufficient (n-3FAS) diet for 6 weeks before TB infection. Post-infection at 2 weeks, both groups were switched to an n-3 LCPUFA [eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)/docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)] supplemented diet and euthanized at 4- and 14- days post-treatment. Iron and anemia status, bacterial loads, lung pathology, lung cytokines/chemokines, and lung lipid mediators were measured. Following 14 days of treatment, hemoglobin (Hb) was higher in the n-3FAD than the untreated n-3FAS group (p = 0.022), whereas the n-3FAS (drug) treated control and n-3FAS groups were not. Pro-inflammatory lung cytokines; interleukin-6 (IL-6) (p = 0.011), IL-1α (p = 0.039), MCP1 (p = 0.003), MIP1- α (p = 0.043), and RANTES (p = 0.034); were lower, and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4 (p = 0.002) and growth factor GMCSF (p = 0.007) were higher in the n-3FAD compared with the n-3FAS mice after 14 days. These results suggest that n-3 LCPUFA therapy in TB-infected mice, in combination with TB medication, may improve anemia of infection more in low n-3 fatty acid status than sufficient status mice. Furthermore, the low n-3 fatty acid status TB mice supplemented with n-3 LCPUFA showed comparatively lower cytokine-mediated inflammation despite presenting with lower pro-resolving lipid mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank E A Hayford
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.,Department of Dietetics, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Robin C Dolman
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Mumin Ozturk
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town-Component, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Arista Nienaber
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Cristian Ricci
- Pediatric Epidemiology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Du Toit Loots
- Laboratory of Infectious Disease Metabolomics, Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Frank Brombacher
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town-Component, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa) and Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Renée Blaauw
- Division of Human Nutrition, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Cornelius M Smuts
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Suraj P Parihar
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town-Component, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa) and Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Medical Microbiology, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Linda Malan
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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22
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McClung JA, Levy L, Garcia V, Stec DE, Peterson SJ, Abraham NG. Heme-oxygenase and lipid mediators in obesity and associated cardiometabolic diseases: Therapeutic implications. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 231:107975. [PMID: 34499923 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Obesity-mediated metabolic syndrome remains the leading cause of death worldwide. Among many potential targets for pharmacological intervention, a promising strategy involves the heme oxygenase (HO) system, specifically its inducible form, HO-1. This review collects and updates much of the current knowledge relevant to pharmacology and clinical medicine concerning HO-1 in metabolic diseases and its effect on lipid metabolism. HO-1 has pleotropic effects that collectively reduce inflammation, while increasing vasodilation and insulin and leptin sensitivity. Recent reports indicate that HO-1 with its antioxidants via the effect of bilirubin increases formation of biologically active lipid metabolites such as epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET), omega-3 and other polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Similarly, HO-1and bilirubin are potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of fat-induced liver diseases. HO-1-mediated upregulation of EET is capable not only of reversing endothelial dysfunction and hypertension, but also of reversing cardiac remodeling, a hallmark of the metabolic syndrome. This process involves browning of white fat tissue (i.e. formation of healthy adipocytes) and reduced lipotoxicity, which otherwise will be toxic to the heart. More importantly, this review examines the activity of EET in biological systems and a series of pathways that explain its mechanism of action and discusses how these might be exploited for potential therapeutic use. We also discuss the link between cardiac ectopic fat deposition and cardiac function in humans, which is similar to that described in obese mice and is regulated by HO-1-EET-PGC1α signaling, a potent negative regulator of the inflammatory adipokine NOV.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A McClung
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, United States of America
| | - Lior Levy
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, United States of America
| | - Victor Garcia
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, United States of America
| | - David E Stec
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, United States of America.
| | - Stephen J Peterson
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, United States of America; New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY 11215, United States of America
| | - Nader G Abraham
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, United States of America; Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, United States of America.
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23
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Li J, Pora BLR, Dong K, Hasjim J. Health benefits of docosahexaenoic acid and its bioavailability: A review. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:5229-5243. [PMID: 34532031 PMCID: PMC8441440 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is the predominant omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid found in human brain and eyes. There are a number of studies in the literature showing the health benefits of DHA. It is critical throughout all life stages from the need for fetal development, the prevention of preterm birth, and the prevention of cardiovascular disease to the improvements in the cognitive function and the eye health of adults and elderly. These benefits might be related to the modulation of gut microbiota by DHA. In addition, there are some discrepancies in the literature regarding certain health benefits of DHA, and this review is intended to explore and understand these discrepancies. Besides the variations in the DHA contents of different supplement sources, bioavailability is crucial for the efficacy of DHA supplements, which depends on several factors. For example, DHA in phospholipid and triglyceride forms are more readily to be absorbed by the body than that in ethyl ester form. In addition, dietary lipids in meals and emulsification of DHA oil can increase the bioavailability of DHA. Estrogens stimulated the biosynthesis of DHA, whereas testosterone stimulus induced a decrease in DHA. The roles of DHA through human lifespan, the sources, and its recommended daily intake in different countries are also discussed to provide a better understanding of the importance of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- Roquette Management (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.R&D ChinaShanghaiChina
| | | | - Ke Dong
- Roquette Management (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.R&D ChinaShanghaiChina
| | - Jovin Hasjim
- Roquette Management (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.R&D ChinaShanghaiChina
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Cheng M, Zhang S, Ning C, Huo Q. Omega-3 Fatty Acids Supplementation Improve Nutritional Status and Inflammatory Response in Patients With Lung Cancer: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Front Nutr 2021; 8:686752. [PMID: 34395492 PMCID: PMC8362886 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.686752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: Clinical studies have reported positive results with omega-3 supplements in patients with cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in improving the nutritional status and inflammatory markers of patients with lung cancer. Methods: In a randomized, double-blind, parallel design trial, 60 patients with lung cancer at nutritional status/risk based on the Nutrition Risk Screening 2002 were randomized to be allocated to two study groups, receiving omega-3 fatty acid supplements [eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) 1.6 g and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) 0.8 g] or placebo for 12 weeks. Anthropometric measurements [weight, body mass index (BMI), the circumference of the upper arm, and skinfold thickness of triceps], nutrition-based laboratory indices (hemoglobin, albumin, triglyceride, and cholesterol), and inflammatory markers [C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin 6 (IL-6)] were measured before and after the intervention as study outcomes. Results: No significant difference between the two study groups was observed regarding basic characteristics and study outcomes. Compared with placebo group, omega-3 fatty acid supplementation group showed significant higher weight (66.71 ± 9.17 vs. 61.33 ± 8.03, p = 0.021), albumin (4.74 ± 0.80 vs. 4.21 ± 0.77, p = 0.013), and triglyceride (130.90 ± 25.17 vs. 119.07 ± 14.44, p = 0.032). Inflammatory markers were significantly reduced in omega-3 group compared to placebo (CRP 1.42 ± 0.63 vs. 3.00 ± 1.05, p = 0.001 and TNF-α 1.92 ± 0.65 vs. 4.24 ± 1.19, p = 0.001). No significant difference was observed between the two study groups regarding changes in BMI, the circumference of the upper arm, skinfold thickness of triceps, triglyceride, cholesterol, and IL-6 (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation can improve nutritional status and suppress the systemic inflammatory response in patients with lung cancer. Clinical Trial Registration:www.socialscienceregistry.org, identifier: AEARCTR-0007165.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjin Cheng
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Lu'an Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Lu'an, China.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Lu'an People's Hospital, Lu'an, China
| | - Shengqiang Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Lu'an Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Lu'an, China.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Lu'an People's Hospital, Lu'an, China
| | - Chengdong Ning
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Lu'an Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Lu'an, China.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Lu'an People's Hospital, Lu'an, China
| | - Qianlun Huo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Lu'an Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Lu'an, China.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Lu'an People's Hospital, Lu'an, China
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25
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Chou CL, Chen JS, Kang YN, Chen YJ, Fang TC. Association of polyunsaturated fatty acids with improved heart rate variability and cardiovascular events in patients with end-stage renal disease receiving maintenance dialysis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Food Funct 2021; 12:8090-8099. [PMID: 34286806 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00510c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Apart from dietary restriction and medical therapy, the benefits of cardiovascular protection offered by polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplements in patients with ESRD receiving maintenance dialysis remain unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the effects of PUFAs on blood pressure, heart rate (HR), HR variability (HRV), and cardiovascular disease (CVD) prognosis. METHODS We identified randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from Embase, PubMed (including MEDLINE), and Web of Science. We included seven RCTs that involved 724 patients with ESRD receiving dialysis and PUFA supplements. RESULTS The data indicated that compared with the control group, the PUFA group demonstrated decreased cardiovascular events (Peto odds ratio = 0.52, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.32 to 0.85, P = 0.009) and HRV (changes in the mean HR [mean difference = -2.59, 95% CI = -4.91 to -0.26, P = 0.03, I2 = 0%]; mean RR interval [MD = 29.03, 95% CI = 5.43 to 52.63, P = 0.02, I2 = 0%]; mean of the standard deviation of all normal RR intervals for all 5 min segments [MD = 2.73, 95% CI = 0.48 to 4.99, P = 0.02, I2 = 0%], and square root of the mean of the sum of the squares of differences between adjacent intervals [MD = 2.03, 95% CI = 0.04 to 4.03, P = 0.05, I2 = 0%]). CONCLUSION PUFA supplements appeared to improve CVD prognosis in patients receiving dialysis. Additional RCTs with longer follow-up periods need to clarify the benefits of PUFA supplements in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Lin Chou
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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26
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Vahid F, Rahmani D. Can an anti-inflammatory diet be effective in preventing or treating viral respiratory diseases? A systematic narrative review. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021; 43:9-15. [PMID: 34024569 PMCID: PMC9587761 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory Viruses infections (RVI) such as rhinovirus, coronavirus, influenza virus, and adenovirus affect the respiratory and the immune systems. The role of nutrition in the respiratory and immune systems has been studied in some studies, and its importance is undeniable. In addition, one of the key findings in this disease is high inflammation that affects almost all patients. This systematic narrative review aims to answer the question, "Can an anti-inflammatory diet be effective in preventing or treating viral respiratory diseases?" A systematic review search was used for the articles extraction. All studies published in English from 1999 to 2020 investigating dietary inflammatory conditions and RVI were included. Food items with anti-inflammatory properties were selected based on the definition of the dietary inflammatory index (DII). We used Google Scholar, Pub Med, Scopus, Web of Science, Springer, Science Direct, Directory of Open Access Journals, Elsevier, Taylor and Francis, ProQuest, EBSCO, MEDLINE, and SciELO databases for extracting articles. Keywords were restricted by DII. Based on DII, food items/nutrients are involved in inflammation, some of which have anti-inflammatory and some inflammatory properties. Some foods/nutrients, in addition to their anti-inflammatory properties, have antioxidant, antiviral, and immune-enhancing properties. Considering the immune system's involvement, increased inflammation, and involvement of the pulmonary system in RVI and the remarkable role of the anti-inflammatory foods for counteracting them, it is recommended to use a predominantly anti-inflammatory diet along with prevention/control and treatment protocols. An anti-inflammatory diet (based on DII) includes turmeric, ginger, garlic, onions, saffron, dietary vitamin C, vitamin D, zinc, and omega-3 are recommended to reduce infection symptoms and duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Vahid
- Population Health Department, Public Health Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg,Corresponding author
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27
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Verma S, Singh P, Khurana S, Ganguly NK, Kukreti R, Saso L, Rana DS, Taneja V, Bhargava V. Implications of oxidative stress in chronic kidney disease: a review on current concepts and therapies. Kidney Res Clin Pract 2021; 40:183-193. [PMID: 34078023 PMCID: PMC8237115 DOI: 10.23876/j.krcp.20.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Moderate levels of endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important for various cellular activities, but high levels lead to toxicity and are associated with various diseases. Levels of ROS are maintained as a balance between oxidants and antioxidants. Accumulating data suggest that oxidative stress is a major factor in deterioration of renal function. In this review, we highlight the possible mechanism by which oxidative stress can lead to chronic kidney disease (CKD). This review also describes therapies that counter the effect of oxidative stress in CKD patients. Numerous factors such as upregulation of genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation and ROS generation, chronic inflammation, vitamin D deficiency, and a compromised antioxidant defense mechanism system cause progressive detrimental effects on renal function that eventually lead to loss of kidney function. Patients with renal dysfunction are highly susceptible to oxidative stress, as risk factors such as diabetes, renal hypertension, dietary restrictions, hemodialysis, and old age predispose them to increased levels of ROS. Biomolecular adducts (DNA, proteins, and lipids) formed due to reaction with ROS can be used to determine oxidative stress levels. Based on the strong correlation between oxidative stress and CKD, reversal of oxidative stress is being explored as a major therapeutic option. Xanthine oxidase inhibitors, dietary antioxidants, and other agents that scavenge free radicals are gaining interest as treatment modalities in CKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar Verma
- Department of Research, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Priyanka Singh
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Shiffali Khurana
- Department of Research, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Ritushree Kukreti
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Vibha Taneja
- Department of Research, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Vinant Bhargava
- Department of Nephrology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
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28
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Brondeel C, Pauwelyn G, de Bakker E, Saunders J, Samoy Y, Spaas JH. Review: Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy in Canine Osteoarthritis Research: "Experientia Docet" (Experience Will Teach Us). Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:668881. [PMID: 34095280 PMCID: PMC8169969 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.668881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is currently an incurable and progressive condition in dogs causing chronic joint pain and possibly increasing disability. Due to the poor healing capacity of cartilage lesions that occur with OA, development of effective therapeutics is difficult. For this reason, current OA therapy is mostly limited to the management of pain and inflammation, but not directed ad disease modification. In the search for a safe and effective OA treatment, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been of great interest since these cells might be able to restore cartilage defects. The designs of OA studies on MSC usage, however, are not always consistent and complete, which limits a clear evaluation of MSC efficacy. The general study results show a tendency to improve lameness, joint pain and range of motion in dogs suffering from naturally-occurring OA. Assessment of the cartilage surface demonstrated the ability of MSCs to promote cartilage-like tissue formation in artificially created cartilage defects. Immunomodulatory capacities of MSCs also seem to play an important role in reducing pain and inflammation in dogs. It should be mentioned, however, that in the current studies in literature there are specific design limitations and further research is warranted to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlien Brondeel
- Department of Medical Imaging and Orthopedics of Domestic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Glenn Pauwelyn
- Global Stem Cell Technology NV, Part of Boehringer-Ingelheim, Evergem, Belgium
| | - Evelien de Bakker
- Department of Medical Imaging and Orthopedics of Domestic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Jimmy Saunders
- Department of Medical Imaging and Orthopedics of Domestic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Yves Samoy
- Department of Medical Imaging and Orthopedics of Domestic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Jan H Spaas
- Department of Medical Imaging and Orthopedics of Domestic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.,Global Stem Cell Technology NV, Part of Boehringer-Ingelheim, Evergem, Belgium
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Hart MJ, Torres SJ, McNaughton SA, Milte CM. A Dietary Inflammatory Index and associations with C-reactive protein in a general adult population. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:4093-4106. [PMID: 33991227 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02573-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chronic low-grade inflammation is implicated in many of the diseases of ageing. Lifestyle factors, including diet may alter low-grade inflammation. This study aimed to assess cross-sectional associations between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) score and the inflammatory marker C-reactive protein (CRP); and determine if any association differs according to age (< 50 vs ≥ 50 years). METHODS DII scores were calculated for respondents of the Australian Health Survey 2011-2012 using data from two 24-h recalls. Serum CRP was measured using ultrasensitive immunoturbidimetric assay. Associations between DII and CRP were assessed using multivariate linear regression adjusting for confounders (age education, physical activity, sex and smoking). Associations were assessed for the whole cohort and stratified at age 50 years. RESULTS The analysis included 2558 respondents with a mean BMI of 26.8 kg/m2 (< 50 years n = 1099; ≥ 50 years n = 1459). Respondents in the lowest DII quartile (anti-inflammatory diet) reportedly consumed more grains, vegetables and legumes, fruit, milk products, meat, poultry, fish and eggs, unsaturated oils and alcohol compared to respondents in DII quartile 4. No associations were seen between DII and CRP after adjustment for confounders in the whole cohort or when stratified < 50 or ≥ 50 years. CONCLUSIONS The DII was not associated with CRP in this cross-sectional study. Inflammation is complex characterised by a cascade of the multiple inflammatory markers and understanding the temporal relationship between diet and the inflammatory process is an important area for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Hart
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia.
| | - Susan J Torres
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
| | - Sarah A McNaughton
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
| | - Catherine M Milte
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
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30
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Obesity and aging: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic approaches. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 67:101268. [PMID: 33556548 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The epidemic of obesity is a major challenge for health policymakers due to its far-reaching effects on population health and potentially overwhelming financial burden on healthcare systems. Obesity is associated with an increased risk of developing acute and chronic diseases, including hypertension, stroke, myocardial infarction, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer. Interestingly, the metabolic dysregulation associated with obesity is similar to that observed in normal aging, and substantial evidence suggests the potential of obesity to accelerate aging. Therefore, understanding the mechanism of fat tissue dysfunction in obesity could provide insights into the processes that contribute to the metabolic dysfunction associated with the aging process. Here, we review the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying both obesity and aging, and how obesity and aging can predispose individuals to chronic health complications. The potential of lifestyle and pharmacological interventions to counter obesity and obesity-related pathologies, as well as aging, is also addressed.
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31
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Unsaturated fatty acids as a co-therapeutic agents in cancer treatment. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:2909-2916. [PMID: 33821440 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06319-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is standard treatments for many malignancies. However, in most cases, this method is not able to induce apoptosis and in many cases, with cancer recurrence, leads to patient death. There are several procedure to control and suppress malignant cells, but among these methods, administration of ɷ-3 fatty acids and ɷ-6 fatty due to their destructive effects on cancer cells is more prominent. Many clinical studies have shown beneficial effects of ɷ-3 and ɷ-6 fatty acids in cardiovascular disorders, asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis and in most cancers such as colon, breast, prostate and other malignancies. Studies showed that polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have a toxic effect on cancer cells. However, the exact mechanism of how ɷ- fatty acids affect cancer cells is still unknown. In this review alternative issues of malignancies co-treatments agents such as PUFAs have been studied. Also, the latest known PUFAs mechanisms on malignancies have been described.
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32
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Doaei S, Gholami S, Rastgoo S, Gholamalizadeh M, Bourbour F, Bagheri SE, Samipoor F, Akbari ME, Shadnoush M, Ghorat F, Mosavi Jarrahi SA, Ashouri Mirsadeghi N, Hajipour A, Joola P, Moslem A, Goodarzi MO. The effect of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on clinical and biochemical parameters of critically ill patients with COVID-19: a randomized clinical trial. J Transl Med 2021; 19:128. [PMID: 33781275 PMCID: PMC8006115 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02795-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n3-PUFAs) may exert beneficial effects on the immune system of patients with viral infections. This paper aimed to examine the effect of n3-PUFA supplementation on inflammatory and biochemical markers in critically ill patients with COVID-19. METHODS A double-blind, randomized clinical trial study was conducted on 128 critically ill patients infected with COVID-19 who were randomly assigned to the intervention (fortified formula with n3-PUFA) (n = 42) and control (n = 86) groups. Data on 1 month survival rate, blood glucose, sodium (Na), potassium (K), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr), albumin, hematocrit (HCT), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), mean arterial pressure (MAP), O2 saturation (O2sat), arterial pH, partial pressure of oxygen (PO2), partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2), bicarbonate (HCO3), base excess (Be), white blood cells (WBCs), Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), hemoglobin (Hb), platelet (Plt), and the partial thromboplastin time (PTT) were collected at baseline and after 14 days of the intervention. RESULTS The intervention group had significantly higher 1-month survival rate and higher levels of arterial pH, HCO3, and Be and lower levels of BUN, Cr, and K compared with the control group after intervention (all P < 0.05). There were no significant differences between blood glucose, Na, HCT, Ca, P, MAP, O2sat, PO2, PCO2, WBCs, GCS, Hb, Plt, PTT, and albumin between two groups. CONCLUSION Omega-3 supplementation improved the levels of several parameters of respiratory and renal function in critically ill patients with COVID-19. Further clinical studies are warranted. Trial registry Name of the registry: This study was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT); Trial registration number: IRCT20151226025699N3; Date of registration: 2020.5.20; URL of trial registry record: https://en.irct.ir/trial/48213.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Doaei
- Research Center of Health and Environment, School of Health, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.,Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Gholami
- Razi Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Samira Rastgoo
- National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Gholamalizadeh
- Student Research Committee, Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Bourbour
- National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Forough Samipoor
- Razi Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | | | - Mahdi Shadnoush
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Ghorat
- Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | | | - Narjes Ashouri Mirsadeghi
- National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Hajipour
- School of Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Parvin Joola
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease, Deputy of Health Services, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - Alireza Moslem
- Iranian Research Center on Healthy Aging, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran.
| | - Mark O Goodarzi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Systematic Review of Nutrition Supplements in Chronic Kidney Diseases: A GRADE Approach. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020469. [PMID: 33573242 PMCID: PMC7911108 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is cumulative worldwide and an increasing public health issue. Aside from the widely known protein restriction and medical therapy, less evident is the renal protection of nutrition supplements in CKD patients. This systematic review (SR), using a Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach, aims to summarize and quantify evidence about the prevention effects of vitamin D and analogues, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (omega-3 PUFA), dietary fiber, coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), and biotics on CKD progression. This study was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement to examine SRs and/or meta-analysis of clinical controlled trials identified from PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. Finally, seventeen SRs were included in the qualitative analysis. The beneficial effects of these nutrition supplements in CKD patients mostly seem to be at low to very low evidence on proteinuria, kidney function, and inflammations and did not appear to improve CKD prognosis. The recommendation of nutrition supplements in CKD patients needs to discuss with physicians and consider the benefits over the adverse effects. Longer follow-up of larger randomized trials is necessary to clarify the benefits of nutrition supplements in CKD patients.
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Żebrowska A, Hall B, Stolecka-Warzecha A, Stanula A, Sadowska-Krępa E. The Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation on Serum Adipocytokines, Lipid Profile and Biochemical Markers of Inflammation in Recreational Runners. Nutrients 2021; 13:456. [PMID: 33573042 PMCID: PMC7912656 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study aimed to evaluate the effects of a 3-week ω-3 PUFA supplementation on serum adipocytokines (i.e., adiponectin, leptin), neuregulin-4 (NRG4) and erythrocyte omega-3 (ω-3) fatty acid content, as well as the blood antioxidant defense capacity in non-elite endurance runners. METHODS Twenty-four runners were randomized into two groups: the supplemented group, who received omega free fatty acids extract containing 142 mg of EPA, 267 mg of DHA, 12 mg of vitamin E and 5 µg of vitamin D, each administrated at a dose of six capsules twice a day for three weeks, or the placebo group. Venous blood samples were withdrawn at the start and at the end of the study protocols to estimate serum biochemical variables. RESULTS A significantly higher ω-3 index and lower AA/EPA ratio was observed after ω-3 PUFA compared to pre-supplementation levels (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). An increase in baseline adiponectin and NRG4 levels, as well as a decrease of leptin concentration and lipid profile improvement, were observed in subjects after a ω-3 PUFA diet. The increased ω-3 index had a significant effect on TNFα levels and a serum marker of antioxidant defense. CONCLUSIONS The ω-3 PUFA extract with added vitamin E and D supplementation may have a positive effect on the function of the adipocyte tissue, as well as the ability to prevent cardiovascular complications in athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Żebrowska
- Institute of Sport Sciences, Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Mikołowska Street 72a, 40-065 Katowice, Poland; (A.S.); (E.S.-K.)
| | - Barbara Hall
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;
| | - Anna Stolecka-Warzecha
- Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Silesia Medical University, 40-055 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Arkadiusz Stanula
- Institute of Sport Sciences, Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Mikołowska Street 72a, 40-065 Katowice, Poland; (A.S.); (E.S.-K.)
| | - Ewa Sadowska-Krępa
- Institute of Sport Sciences, Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Mikołowska Street 72a, 40-065 Katowice, Poland; (A.S.); (E.S.-K.)
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35
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Vijay A, Astbury S, Le Roy C, Spector TD, Valdes AM. The prebiotic effects of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation: A six-week randomised intervention trial. Gut Microbes 2021; 13:1-11. [PMID: 33382352 PMCID: PMC7781624 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1863133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Prebiotics are compounds in food that benefit health via affecting the gut microbiome. Omega-3 fatty acids have been associated with differences in gut microbiome composition and are widely accepted to have health benefits, although recent large trials have been inconclusive. We carried out a 6-week dietary intervention comparing the effects of daily supplementation with 500 mg of omega-3 versus 20 g of a well-characterized prebiotic, inulin. Inulin supplementation resulted in large increases in Bifidobacterium and Lachnospiraceae. In contrast, omega-3 supplementation resulted in significant increases in Coprococcus spp. and Bacteroides spp, and significant decreases in the fatty-liver associated Collinsella spp. On the other hand, similar to the results with inulin supplementation which resulted in significant increases in butyrate, iso-valerate, and iso-butyrate (p < .004), omega-3 supplementation resulted in significant increases in iso-butyrate and isovalerate (p < .002) and nearly significant increases in butyrate (p < .053). Coprococcus, which was significantly increased post-supplementation with omega-3, was found to be positively associated with iso-butyric acid (Beta (SE) = 0.69 (0.02), P = 1.4 x 10-3) and negatively associated with triglyceride-rich lipoproteins such as VLDL (Beta (SE) = -0.381 (0.01), P = .001) and VLDL-TG (Beta (SE) = -0.372 (0.04), P = .001) after adjusting for confounders. Dietary omega-3 alters gut microbiome composition and some of its cardiovascular effects appear to be potentially mediated by its effect on gut microbial fermentation products indicating that it may be a prebiotic nutrient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Vijay
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, UK
- Division of Rheumatology, Orthopaedics and Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Stuart Astbury
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Caroline Le Roy
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Tim D Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Ana M Valdes
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, UK
- Division of Rheumatology, Orthopaedics and Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Fries-Craft KA, Meyer MM, Lindblom SC, Kerr BJ, Bobeck EA. Lipid Source and Peroxidation Status Alter Immune Cell Recruitment in Broiler Chicken Ileum. J Nutr 2020; 151:223-234. [PMID: 33296473 PMCID: PMC7779234 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Restaurant oil in poultry diets increases energy content, reduces production costs, and promotes sustainability within the food supply chain. However, variable oil composition and heating temperatures among restaurant oil sources can impact broiler chicken health due to heat-induced lipid modifications. OBJECTIVES A 21-d experiment was conducted to evaluate ileal morphology, liver cytokine gene expression, and ileal immune cell populations in broilers fed control or peroxidized lipids with varying chain and saturation characteristics. METHODS Day-old broilers were housed in battery cages (5 birds per cage) and fed diets containing 5% control or peroxidized oils. Eight diets were randomly assigned in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement consisting of oil source (palm, soybean, flaxseed, or fish) and peroxidation status (control or peroxidized). At day 21, samples were collected for ileal histomorphology [villus height (VH), crypt depth (CrD), and the VH:CrD ratio], and liver cytokine expression (qPCR). Ileum cytokine expression and T-cell markers were analyzed by RNAscope in situ hybridization (ISH). Data were analyzed as a mixed model (SAS 9.4) with fixed effects of lipid source, peroxidation, and lipid × peroxidation interaction. RESULTS CD3+ T-cells in the ileum decreased 16.2% due to peroxidation (P = 0.001) with 30.3% reductions observed in birds fed peroxidized flaxseed oil (P = 0.01). Peroxidation increased IL6+ and IL1B+ cells by 62.0% and 40.3%, respectively (P = 0.01). Soybean oil increased IFNG+ cells by 55.1% compared with palm oil, regardless of peroxidation status (P = 0.007). Lipid source and peroxidation did not alter ileal histomorphology or liver cytokine expression. CONCLUSIONS Lipid peroxidation increased ileal IL1B and IL6 in broiler chickens, whereas soybean oil diets increased IFNG. Generally, peroxidation decreased overall CD3+ T-cell populations, suggesting impaired T-cell presence or recruitment. These results identify potential immunomodulatory lipid profiles in restaurant oil while supporting RNAscope-ISH as a method to describe avian tissue-level immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meaghan M Meyer
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | | | - Brian J Kerr
- USDA-ARS-National Laboratory for Agriculture and the Environment, Ames, IA, USA
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Gomez EA, Colas RA, Souza PR, Hands R, Lewis MJ, Bessant C, Pitzalis C, Dalli J. Blood pro-resolving mediators are linked with synovial pathology and are predictive of DMARD responsiveness in rheumatoid arthritis. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5420. [PMID: 33110080 PMCID: PMC7591509 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19176-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers are needed for predicting the effectiveness of disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). Here, using functional lipid mediator profiling and deeply phenotyped patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA), we observe that peripheral blood specialized pro-resolving mediator (SPM) concentrations are linked with both DMARD responsiveness and disease pathotype. Machine learning analysis demonstrates that baseline plasma concentrations of resolvin D4, 10S, 17S-dihydroxy-docosapentaenoic acid, 15R-Lipoxin (LX)A4 and n-3 docosapentaenoic-derived Maresin 1 are predictive of DMARD responsiveness at 6 months. Assessment of circulating SPM concentrations 6-months after treatment initiation establishes that differences between responders and non-responders are maintained, with a decrease in SPM concentrations in patients resistant to DMARD therapy. These findings elucidate the potential utility of plasma SPM concentrations as biomarkers of DMARD responsiveness in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban A Gomez
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Romain A Colas
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Patricia R Souza
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Rebecca Hands
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Myles J Lewis
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Conrad Bessant
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Costantino Pitzalis
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
- Centre for Inflammation and Therapeutic Innovation, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Jesmond Dalli
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.
- Centre for Inflammation and Therapeutic Innovation, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.
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Du Y, Taylor CG, Aukema HM, Zahradka P. Role of oxylipins generated from dietary PUFAs in the modulation of endothelial cell function. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2020; 160:102160. [PMID: 32717531 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2020.102160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oxylipins, which are circulating bioactive lipids generated from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) by cyclooxygenase, lipooxygenase and cytochrome P450 enzymes, have diverse effects on endothelial cells. Although studies of the effects of oxylipins on endothelial cell function are accumulating, a review that provides a comprehensive compilation of current knowledge and recent advances in the context of vascular homeostasis is lacking. This is the first compilation of the various in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo reports to examine the effects and potential mechanisms of action of oxylipins on endothelial cells. The aggregate data indicate docosahexaenoic acid-derived oxylipins consistently show beneficial effects related to key endothelial cell functions, whereas oxylipins derived from other PUFAs exhibit both positive and negative effects. Furthermore, information is lacking for certain oxylipin classes, such as those derived from α-linolenic acid, which suggests additional studies are required to achieve a full understanding of how oxylipins affect endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjia Du
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St Boniface Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Carla G Taylor
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St Boniface Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, MB R3E 0J9, Canada; Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Harold M Aukema
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St Boniface Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada; Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Peter Zahradka
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St Boniface Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, MB R3E 0J9, Canada; Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
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Rashidi M, Rashidmayvan M, Alboativi S, Amiri F. The effect of fish oil supplements on serum levels of albumin, lipid profiles, and kidney function in patients with hypoalbuminemia admitted to an intensive care unit, Randomized controlled trial. PHARMANUTRITION 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2020.100197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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VanDusseldorp TA, Escobar KA, Johnson KE, Stratton MT, Moriarty T, Kerksick CM, Mangine GT, Holmes AJ, Lee M, Endito MR, Mermier CM. Impact of Varying Dosages of Fish Oil on Recovery and Soreness Following Eccentric Exercise. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12082246. [PMID: 32727162 PMCID: PMC7468920 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fish oils (FOs) are rich in omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, which have been purported to enhance recovery of muscular performance and reduce soreness post-exercise. However, the most effective FO dose for optimizing recovery remains unclear. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effect of FO supplementation dosing on the recovery of measures of muscular performance, perceived soreness, and markers of muscle damage following a rigorous bout of eccentric exercise. Thirty-two college-aged resistance-trained males (~23.6 years, 71.6 kg, 172.1 cm) were supplemented with 2, 4, 6 g/day (G) FO or placebo (PL) for ~7.5 weeks. Following 7 weeks of supplementation, pre-exercise (PRE) performance assessments of vertical jump (VJ), knee extensor strength, 40-yard sprint, T-test agility, and perceived soreness were completed prior to a bout of muscle-damaging exercise and were repeated immediately post (IP), 1-, 2-, 4-, 24-, 48-, and 72-h (H) post-exercise. Repeated measures analysis of variance indicated a treatment × time interaction (p < 0.001) for VJ and perceived soreness, but no group differences were observed at any time point. VJ returned to PRE (54.8 ± 7.9 cm) by 1H (51.8 ± 6.5 cm, p = 0.112) for 6G, while no other groups returned to baseline until 48H. Lower soreness scores were observed in 6G compared to PL at 2H (mean difference [MD] = 2.74, p = 0.046), at 24H (MD: 3.45, p < 0.001), at 48H (MD = 4.45, p < 0.001), and at 72H (MD = 3.00, p = 0.003). Supplementation with 6G of FO optimized the recovery of jump performance and muscle soreness following a damaging bout of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trisha A. VanDusseldorp
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA 30144, USA; (G.T.M.); (A.J.H.); (M.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-470-578-4266
| | - Kurt A. Escobar
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA;
| | - Kelly E. Johnson
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, Coastal Carolina University, Conway, SC 29528, USA;
| | - Matthew T. Stratton
- Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA;
| | - Terence Moriarty
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, IA, 50614, USA;
| | - Chad M. Kerksick
- School of Health Sciences, Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO 63301, USA;
| | - Gerald T. Mangine
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA 30144, USA; (G.T.M.); (A.J.H.); (M.L.)
| | - Alyssa J. Holmes
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA 30144, USA; (G.T.M.); (A.J.H.); (M.L.)
| | - Matthew Lee
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA 30144, USA; (G.T.M.); (A.J.H.); (M.L.)
| | - Marvin R. Endito
- Department of Health, Exercise and Sports Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (M.R.E.); (C.M.M.)
| | - Christine M. Mermier
- Department of Health, Exercise and Sports Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (M.R.E.); (C.M.M.)
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Li N, Wu X, Zhuang W, Xia L, Chen Y, Wu C, Rao Z, Du L, Zhao R, Yi M, Wan Q, Zhou Y. Fish consumption and multiple health outcomes: Umbrella review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Liparulo A, Esposito R, Santonocito D, Muñoz-Ramírez A, Spaziano G, Bruno F, Xiao J, Puglia C, Filosa R, Berrino L, D'Agostino B. Formulation and Characterization of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Loading RF22-c, a Potent and Selective 5-LO Inhibitor, in a Monocrotaline-Induced Model of Pulmonary Hypertension. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:83. [PMID: 32180715 PMCID: PMC7059131 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare but fatal disease characterized by persistent elevated blood pressure in the pulmonary circulation, due to increased resistance to blood flow, through the lungs. Advances in the understanding of the pathobiology of PAH clarify the role of leukotrienes (LTs) that appear to be an exciting new target for disease intervention. Over the years, our group has long investigated this field, detecting the 1,2-benzoquinone RF-22c as the most powerful and selective competitive inhibitor of the enzyme 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO). With the aim to improve the bioavailability of RF-22c and to confirm the role of 5-LO as therapeutic strategy for PAH treatment, we developed a solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) loaded with drug. Therefore, in monocrotaline (MCT) rat model of PAH, the role of 5-LO has been investigated through the formulation of RF-22c-SLN. The rats were randomly grouped into control group, MCT group, and MCT + RF22-c group. After 21 days, all the animals were sacrificed to perform functional and histological evaluations. RF22-c-SLN treatment was able to significantly reduce the mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) and precapillary resistance (R-pre) compared to the MCT group. The MCT induced rise in medial wall thickness of pulmonary arterioles, and the cardiomyocytes width were significantly attenuated by RF22-c-SLN formulation upon treatment. The results showed that the selective inhibition of 5-LO improved hemodynamic parameters as well as vascular and cardiac remodeling by preventing induced pulmonary hypertension. The improved sustained release properties and targeting abilities achieved with the innovative nanotechnological approach may be therapeutically beneficial for PAH patients as a consequence of the increase of pharmacological effects and of the possible reduction and/or optimization of the drug frequency of administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Liparulo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology "L. Donatelli," University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli," Naples, Italy
| | - Renata Esposito
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology "L. Donatelli," University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli," Naples, Italy
| | | | - Alejandra Muñoz-Ramírez
- Departamento de Ciencias del Ambiente, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago, Casilla, Correo, Chile.,Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli," Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Spaziano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology "L. Donatelli," University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli," Naples, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Bruno
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli," Naples, Italy
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Carmelo Puglia
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosanna Filosa
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli," Naples, Italy.,Consorzio Sannio Tech-AMP Biotec, Apollosa, Italy
| | - Liberato Berrino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology "L. Donatelli," University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli," Naples, Italy
| | - Bruno D'Agostino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology "L. Donatelli," University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli," Naples, Italy
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El-Waseef DAEDA. A highlight on CD4 + T-cells in the spleen in a rat model of rheumatoid arthritis and possible therapeutic effect of omega-3. Histological and Immunofluorescence study. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 81:106283. [PMID: 32044655 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a primary chronic articular disease with wide range of extra-articular and systemic effects. The spleen is one of the most affected organs in RA. CD4+ T cells play an important role in initiation, maintenance and control of the disease. AIM OF THE WORK This work was designed to study the histological changes occurring in the spleen in a rat model of RA and to assess the effect of treatment with omega-3 alone, with special refer to the role of CD4+ T-cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty male albino rats were divided into four groups; control group, early and progressive RA groups and omega-3 treated group. RA was induced in rats of groups II, III and IV by a single subcutaneous injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). Samples were taken after two and four weeks of the CFA injection (in early and progressive RA groups respectively). Treatment with omega-3 (300 mg/kg/day in a single, daily oral dose) started two weeks after CFA injection in rats of group IV and continued for another two weeks. Spleen specimens were collected at the appropriate times and processed to obtain paraffin blocks. Sections were then stained for histological and immunofluorescence studies. RESULTS Both, early and progressive RA induced noticeable structural changes in the spleen. Thickened capsule and trabeculae and marked congestion of the blood sinusoids of the red pulp were evident. Expansion of the white pulp and areas of mononuclear cellular infiltration were seen, especially in progressive RA. Affection of blood vessel walls was also noticed. Immunofluorescence study showed extensive expression of Anti-CD4 Monoclonal Antibodies especially in progressive RA. Treatment with omega-3 significantly improved the structure of the spleen as detected by both histological and immunofluorescence studies. CONCLUSION Omega-3 treatment ameliorated the structural damage of the spleen caused by experimental induction of RA.
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DiNicolantonio JJ, OKeefe J. The benefits of marine omega-3s for preventing arrhythmias. Open Heart 2020; 7:e000904. [PMID: 32153785 PMCID: PMC7046980 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2018-000904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- James J DiNicolantonio
- Preventive Cardiology, Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - James OKeefe
- Preventive Cardiology, Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
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Saglimbene VM, Wong G, van Zwieten A, Palmer SC, Ruospo M, Natale P, Campbell K, Teixeira-Pinto A, Craig JC, Strippoli GF. Effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake in patients with chronic kidney disease: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin Nutr 2020; 39:358-368. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Omega-3 fatty acids as adjunctive therapeutics: prospective of nanoparticles in its formulation development. Ther Deliv 2020; 11:851-868. [DOI: 10.4155/tde-2019-0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3-PUFAs) are dietary components that have been extensively recognized for their therapeutic value and have shown diverse therapeutic effects including anti-inflammatory, antiarrhythmic, antithrombotic, immunomodulatory and antineoplastic activities. Most of the ω-3-PUFAs are obtained through diet or supplements because the body does not synthesize them. The high instability of ω-3-PUFAs to oxidative deterioration, lower bioavailability at the target tissues and reduced bioactivity of ω-3-PUFAs is an impediment for achieving their therapeutic potential. The present review provides an overview of potential therapeutic activities of ω-3-PUFAs and different novel technical approaches based on nanotechnology, which have been emphasized to overcome instability problems as well as enhance the bioactivity of ω-3-PUFAs. Future prospects related to this area of research are also provided.
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Omega-3 Fatty Acids Effects on Inflammatory Biomarkers and Lipid Profiles among Diabetic and Cardiovascular Disease Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18867. [PMID: 31827125 PMCID: PMC6906408 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54535-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate omega-3 fatty acids’ influence on 12 inflammatory biomarkers—LDL, HDL, total cholesterol, TG, HbA1c, Apo AI, Apo AII, Apo B, CRP, TNF-α, glucose, and fasting blood glucose among diabetic and cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients. We searched articles in six database engines, and 16 of the 696 articles reviewed met the inclusion criteria. Among these, lipid and inflammatory biomarkers investigated commonly included total cholesterol (11 studies), LDL, and TG (10 studies each). Overall, omega-3 was associated with a significant reduction in Apo AII among diabetic patients, as compared to different controls (−8.0 mg/dL 95% CI: −12.71, −3.29, p = 0.0009), triglycerides (−44.88 mg/dL 95% CI: −82.6, −7.16, p < 0.0001), HDL (−2.27 mg/dL 95% CI: −3.72, −0.83, p = 0.002), and increased fasting blood glucose (16.14 mg/dL 95% CI: 6.25, 26.04, p = 0.001). Omega-3 also was associated with increased LDL among CVD patients (2.10 mg/dL 95% CI: 1.00, 3.20, p = 0.0002). We conclude that omega-3 fatty acids may be associated with lower inflammatory biomarkers among diabetic and cardiovascular patients. Clinicians should be aware of these potential benefits; however, it is essential to recommend that patients consult with clinicians before any omega-3 intake.
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Niccolai A, Chini Zittelli G, Rodolfi L, Biondi N, Tredici MR. Microalgae of interest as food source: Biochemical composition and digestibility. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Cho M, Lee TY, Kwak YB, Yoon YB, Kim M, Kwon JS. Adjunctive use of anti-inflammatory drugs for schizophrenia: A meta-analytic investigation of randomized controlled trials. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2019; 53:742-759. [PMID: 30864461 DOI: 10.1177/0004867419835028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent evidence suggests that adjuvant anti-inflammatory agents could improve the symptoms of patients with schizophrenia. However, the effects of the adjuvant anti-inflammatory agents on cognitive function, general functioning and side effects have not yet been systematically investigated. The present meta-analysis aimed to explore the effects of anti-inflammatory agents in patients with schizophrenia comprehensively. METHOD We performed a literature search in online databases, including PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Randomized, placebo-controlled double-blind studies that investigated clinical outcomes including psychopathology, neurocognition, general functioning and extrapyramidal side effects were included. The examined anti-inflammatory agents included aspirin, celecoxib, omega-3 fatty acids, estrogen, selective estrogen receptor modulator, pregnenolone, N-acetylcysteine, minocycline, davunetide and erythropoietin. RESULTS Sixty-two double-blind randomized clinical trials studying 2914 patients with schizophrenia met the inclusion criteria for quantitative analysis. Significant overall effects were found for anti-inflammatory agents for reducing total, positive and negative symptom scores in the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. Cognitive improvements were significant with minocycline and pregnenolone augmentation therapy. General functioning was significantly enhanced by overall anti-inflammatory agents. There were no significant differences in side effects compared with placebo. Baseline total Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale score and illness duration were identified as moderating factors in the effects of anti-inflammatory augmentation on psychiatric symptom improvements. CONCLUSION The comparative evaluation of efficacy and safety supported the use of anti-inflammatory adjuvant therapy over the use of antipsychotics alone. However, future studies could focus on patients with homogeneous clinical profile to figure out more detailed effects of anti-inflammatory therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeongju Cho
- 1 College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Young Lee
- 2 Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Bin Kwak
- 3 Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngwoo Brian Yoon
- 3 Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minah Kim
- 2 Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Soo Kwon
- 2 Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,3 Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Efficacy of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Inflammatory Markers in Patients Undergoing Dialysis: A Systematic Review with Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153645. [PMID: 31349671 PMCID: PMC6695890 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on inflammatory markers among patients receiving dialysis have been discussed for a long time, but previous syntheses made controversial conclusion because of highly conceptual heterogeneity in their synthesis. Thus, to further understanding of this topic, we comprehensively gathered relevant randomized clinical trials (RCTs) before April 2019, and two authors independently extracted data of C-reactive protein (CRP), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) for conducting network meta-analysis. Eighteen eligible RCTs with 962 patients undergoing dialysis were included in our study. The result showed that with placebo as the reference, PUFAs was the only treatment showing significantly lower CRP (weighted mean difference (WMD): −0.37, 95% confidence interval (CI): −0.07 to −0.68), but the CRP in PUFAs group was not significantly lower than vitamin E, PUFAs plus vitamin E, or medium-chain triglyceride. Although no significant changes were noted for hs-CRP and IL-6 levels, PUFAs showed the best ranking among treatments according to surface under the cumulative ranking. Therefore, PUFAs could be a protective option for patients receiving dialysis in clinical practice.
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