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Rauf A, Akram M, Anwar H, Daniyal M, Munir N, Bawazeer S, Bawazeer S, Rebezov M, Bouyahya A, Shariati MA, Thiruvengadam M, Sarsembenova O, Mabkhot YN, Islam MN, Emran TB, Hodak S, Zengin G, Khan H. Therapeutic potential of herbal medicine for the management of hyperlipidemia: latest updates. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:40281-40301. [PMID: 35320475 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19733-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia, the most common form of dyslipidemia, is the main source of cardiovascular disorders, characterized by elevated level of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in peripheral blood. It is caused by a defect in lipid metabolism in the surface of Apoprotein C-II or a defect in lipoprotein lipase activity as well as reported in genetic, dietary and environmental factors. Several electronic databases were investigated as information sources, including Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, Semantic Scholar, MEDLINE and CNKI Scholar. The current review focused on the risk factors of dyslipidemia, synthetic medication with their side effects and different types of medicinal plants having significant potential for the management of hyperlipidemia. The management of hyperlipidemia mostly involves a constant decrease in lipid level using different remedial drugs like statin, fibrate, bile acid sequestrates and niacin. However, this extensive review suggested that the consequences of these drugs are arguable, due to their numerous adverse effects. The selected parts of herb plants are used intact or their extracts containing active phytoconstituents to regulate the lipids in blood level. It was also noted that the Chinese herbal medicine and combination therapy is promising for the lowering of hyperlipidemia. This review intends to provide a scientific base for future endeavors, such as in-depth biological and chemical investigations into previously researched topics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Anbar, 23430, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Akram
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Hina Anwar
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Daniyal
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation and Development International Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - Naveed Munir
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sami Bawazeer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, P.O. Box 42, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saud Bawazeer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, P.O. Box 42, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maksim Rebezov
- V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
- K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management (the First Cossack University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathology Biology, Faculty of Sciences, and Genomic Center of Human Pathology, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mohammad Ali Shariati
- K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management (the First Cossack University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | | | - Yahia N Mabkhot
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Nazmul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, 4318, Bangladesh
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, 4381, Bangladesh
| | - Sergey Hodak
- K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management (the First Cossack University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Campus, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan
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Regginato A, Cunico L, Bertoncello K, Schindler MSZ, Chitolina R, Marins K, Zanatta AP, Calisto JF, Oliveira JV, Magro JD, Zanatta L. Antidiabetic and hypolipidemic potential of Campomanesia xanthocarpa seed extract obtained by supercritical CO2. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 81:621-631. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.227388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Campomanesia xanthocarpa, a plant belonging to the Myrtaceae family, is popularly known as gabiroba. Leaves of gabiroba has been popularly used to treat various diseases, including inflammatory, renal, and digestive, among others. Additionally, studies have shown an effect to reduce blood cholesterol levels. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antihyperglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of Campomanesia xanthocarpa seed extract in hyperglycemic rats. The results showed that 400 mg/kg of seed extract was able to decrease blood glucose levels and to increase the muscular and hepatic glycogen content as well as to inhibit the sucrase and maltase activity. At doses of 200 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg, the activity of these enzymes was also reduced. In the lipid profile 400 mg/kg produced a decrease in total and LDL cholesterol serum levels; and with 200 mg/kg there was an increase in HDL cholesterol levels. The extract did not present hepatic and renal toxic effects at the different doses tested. The results suggest that the treatment with Campomanesia xanthocarpa seeds extract is useful in reducing glycemia, total cholesterol and LDL levels with potential adjuvant therapeutic in the treatment of diabetes and hypercholesterolemia, however, additional pharmacological and toxicological studies are still required.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Regginato
- Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Brasil
| | - L. Cunico
- Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Brasil
| | | | | | - R. Chitolina
- Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Brasil
| | - K. Marins
- Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Brasil
| | - A. P. Zanatta
- Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Brasil
| | - J. F. Calisto
- Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Brasil
| | - J. V. Oliveira
- Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Brasil; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Brasil
| | - J. D. Magro
- Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Brasil
| | - L. Zanatta
- Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Brasil; Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Brasil; Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil
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Lemos LIC, Medeiros MA, Lima JPMS, Teixeira TO, Figueiredo CA, Farias NBS, Silva FS, Abreu BJ, Medeiros KCP, Pedrosa LFC. S-methyl cysteine sulfoxide mitigates histopathological damage, alleviate oxidative stress and promotes immunomodulation in diabetic rats. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 18:719-725. [PMID: 34342948 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2020-0220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES S-methyl cysteine sulfoxide (SMCS) is a hydrophilic cysteine-containing natural compound found in plants and is known to possess antidiabetic and antioxidant properties. We investigated the antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties of SMCS, as well as histopathological changes in the liver and pancreas in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. METHODS The rats were divided into the following groups: control (CG), comprising non-diabetic rats; STZ-DB, comprising STZ-induced diabetic rats; and STZ-SMCS, comprising STZ-induced diabetic rats treated with SMCS. SMCS (200 mg/kg) was administered by gavage daily for 30 days. Biochemical and cytokine analyses, catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities assays and histopathological analysis of liver and pancreas tissues were performed. RESULTS SMCS treatment reduced glycemia (p<0.05), decreased triglyceride (p<0.01) and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) levels (p<0.01), and increased SOD and CAT activity in the liver (both p<0.01) compared with STZ-DB group. Higher activity values of IL-10 were observed in the STZ-SMCS group than in the other groups (p<0.001). Liver glycogen was significantly improved in the STZ-SMCS group compared with the STZ-DB group. SMCS also ameliorated damage to pancreatic islets, which resulted in restoration of their morphology. CONCLUSIONS Oral treatment of SMCS showed improvement of the morphological alterations in liver and pancreatic islet in diabetic rats. These beneficial morphological effects of SMCS can be partially explained by IL-10 modulation associated with antioxidant action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Licyanne Ingrid C Lemos
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Matheus Anselmo Medeiros
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - João Paulo M S Lima
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Tatiane O Teixeira
- Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | | | - Naisandra B S Farias
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Flavio S Silva
- Department of Health Sciences, Federal Rural University of Semiarid Region, Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - Bento João Abreu
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | | | - Lucia Fatima C Pedrosa
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
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Attie AD, Schueler KM, Keller MP, Mitok KA, Simonett SP, Hudkins KL, Mehrotra K, Graham MJ, Lee RG, Alpers CE. Reversal of hypertriglyceridemia in diabetic BTBR ob/ob mice does not prevent nephropathy. J Transl Med 2021; 101:935-941. [PMID: 33911188 PMCID: PMC9093019 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-021-00592-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The etiology of diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes is multifactorial. Sustained hyperglycemia is a major contributor, but additional contributions come from the hypertension, obesity, and hyperlipidemia that are also commonly present in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. The leptin deficient BTBR ob/ob mouse is a model of type 2 diabetic nephropathy in which hyperglycemia, obesity, and hyperlipidemia, but not hypertension, are present. We have shown that reversal of the constellation of these metabolic abnormalities with leptin replacement can reverse the morphologic and functional manifestations of diabetic nephropathy. Here we tested the hypothesis that reversal specifically of the hypertriglyceridemia, using an antisense oligonucleotide directed against ApoC-III, an apolipoprotein that regulates the interactions of VLDL (very low density lipoproteins) with the LDL receptor, is sufficient to ameliorate the nephropathy of Type 2 diabetes. Antisense treatment resulted in reduction of circulating ApoC-III protein levels and resulted in substantial lowering of triglycerides to near-normal levels in diabetic mice versus controls. Antisense treatment did not ameliorate proteinuria or pathologic manifestations of diabetic nephropathy, including podocyte loss. These studies indicate that pathologic manifestations of diabetic nephropathy are unlikely to be reduced by lipid-lowering therapeutics alone, but does not preclude a role for such interventions to be used in conjunction with other therapeutics commonly employed in the treatment of diabetes and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan D Attie
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Kathryn M Schueler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mark P Keller
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kelly A Mitok
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Shane P Simonett
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kelly L Hudkins
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kunaal Mehrotra
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Charles E Alpers
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Padro T, Muñoz-Garcia N, Badimon L. The role of triglycerides in the origin and progression of atherosclerosis. CLINICA E INVESTIGACION EN ARTERIOSCLEROSIS 2021; 33 Suppl 2:20-28. [PMID: 34006350 DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2021.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Hypertriglyceridaemia has been associated with cardiovascular disease risk in humans for several decades. However, only recently, data from basic research, as well as from genetic and observational studies, have suggested triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs) as causal factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Novel findings highlighting the relevance of TRL-derived lipolytic products (remnant lipoprotein particles "RLPs"), rather than plasma triglycerides or TRL themselves, as the true mediators in atherosclerosis, have contributed to explain a causal relationship through a number of direct and indirect mechanisms. Thus, experimental studies in animal models and in vitro cell culture methods reveal that RLPs, having sizes below 70-80nm, enter the arterial wall and accumulate within the sub-endothelial space. They then become involved in the cholesterol deposition of cholesterol in the intima in addition to several pro-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic pathways. In this review, a summary is presented of current understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms by which TRLs and their lipolytic derived RLP induce the formation and progression of atherosclerotic lesions, and actively contribute to cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Padro
- Cardiovascular-Program ICCC, Research Institute Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERCV Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Natalia Muñoz-Garcia
- Cardiovascular-Program ICCC, Research Institute Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lina Badimon
- Cardiovascular-Program ICCC, Research Institute Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERCV Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain; Cardiovascular Research Chair, UAB, Barcelona, Spain
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6
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Chen MB, Wang H, Cui WY, Xu HL, Zheng QH. Effect of SGLT inhibitors on weight and lipid metabolism at 24 weeks of treatment in patients with diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e24593. [PMID: 33578559 PMCID: PMC7886459 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000024593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The goals of improving quality of life and increasing longevity are receiving growing amounts of attention. Body weight and lipid metabolism are closely related to various complications of diabetes. The aim of this study was to rank SGLT inhibitors according to their efficacy with regard to weight and evaluate the effect of SGLT inhibitors on lipid metabolism at 24 weeks of treatment. METHODS The Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Clinical Trials databases were electronically searched to collect randomized controlled trials involving patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus through June 2020. Two researchers independently screened and evaluated the selected studies and extracted the outcome indexes. ADDIS 1.16.5 and STATA 16 software were used to perform the network meta-analysis and draw the plots. RESULTS Ultimately, 36 studies were selected and included in this study. We found that all SGLT inhibitors were effective at reducing weight; canagliflozin was the most effective. SGLT inhibitors and placebo were not associated with significantly different serum cholesterol levels. SGLT inhibitors lowered serum triglyceride levels and increased serum high-density and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. SGLT inhibitors also reduced the level of alanine aminotransferase. CONCLUSIONS SGLT inhibitors can bring about weight loss in patients with T2DM and can also improve lipid metabolism. Therefore, patients with hyperlipidemia who have been unsuccessful at losing weight should consider taking SGLT inhibitors. In addition, SGLT inhibitors are hepatoprotective and appear to be safe for patients with mild to moderate liver dysfunction. TRIAL REGISTRATION CRD42020198516.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of ICU, Wujin People's Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University and Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Wei-yan Cui
- Department of ICU, Wujin People's Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University and Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Hua-lan Xu
- Department of ICU, Wujin People's Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University and Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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Newman CB, Blaha MJ, Boord JB, Cariou B, Chait A, Fein HG, Ginsberg HN, Goldberg IJ, Murad MH, Subramanian S, Tannock LR. Lipid Management in Patients with Endocrine Disorders: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5909161. [PMID: 32951056 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This guideline will provide the practicing endocrinologist with an approach to the assessment and treatment of dyslipidemia in patients with endocrine diseases, with the objective of preventing cardiovascular (CV) events and triglyceride-induced pancreatitis. The guideline reviews data on dyslipidemia and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk in patients with endocrine disorders and discusses the evidence for the correction of dyslipidemia by treatment of the endocrine disease. The guideline also addresses whether treatment of the endocrine disease reduces ASCVD risk. CONCLUSION This guideline focuses on lipid and lipoprotein abnormalities associated with endocrine diseases, including diabetes mellitus, and whether treatment of the endocrine disorder improves not only the lipid abnormalities, but also CV outcomes. Based on the available evidence, recommendations are made for the assessment and management of dyslipidemia in patients with endocrine diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connie B Newman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Michael J Blaha
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jeffrey B Boord
- Department of Administration and Parkview Physicians Group Endocrinology Section, Parkview Health System, Fort Wayne, Indiana
| | - Bertrand Cariou
- Department of Endocrinology, L'institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Alan Chait
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Henry G Fein
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Sinai Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Henry N Ginsberg
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Ira J Goldberg
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - M Hassan Murad
- Mayo Clinic Evidence-based Practice Center, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Lisa R Tannock
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
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8
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Kothari
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Karin E Bornfeldt
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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Chen Y, Shang D, Shao J, Dai S, Ge X, Hao C, Zhu T. Prognostic significance of carotid plaque presence in peritoneal dialysis patients and its association with the apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A1 ratio. Nephrology (Carlton) 2020; 25:919-928. [PMID: 32691473 DOI: 10.1111/nep.13759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM Atherosclerosis has been reported as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease in the general population. As a phenotype of atherosclerosis, carotid plaque and its influence factors are rarely discussed among dialysis patients. The study aimed to investigate the prognosis-predictive significance of carotid plaques in patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD), and explore risks factors for carotid plaque presence. METHODS It was an observational, prospective study. Patients that had undergone stable PD for at least 3 months were recruited and divided into two subgroups: group with carotid plaques and group without carotid plaques. Cox regression model was used to identify independent predictors of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular events (CVEs), and cardiovascular mortality. Pathogenic factors correlated to the plaque-occurrence were explored by logistic regression and verified by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. RESULTS A total of 233 PD patients were recruited. The cohort was followed for up to 86 months. The carotid plaque presence turned out to be an independent risk factor both of CVEs [hazard ratio (HR): 2.659; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.231-5.741; P = .013] and cardiovascular mortality (HR: 3.716; 95% CI: 1.168-11.823; P = .026). The apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A1 (ApoB/ApoA1) ratio was significantly associated with the presence of carotid plaques. ROC analysis indicated that the area under the curve of the ApoB/ApoA1 ratio was higher than that of the traditional lipid metabolism index for detecting plaque presence. CONCLUSION Carotid plaque presence can predict CVEs and cardiovascular mortality in PD patients. The ApoB/ApoA1 ratio is significantly correlated to the carotid plaques and the ApoB/ApoA1 ratio had a greater sensitivity than traditional lipid indices for predicting plaque presence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Da Shang
- Division of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Shao
- Division of Ultrasound, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuqi Dai
- Division of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolin Ge
- Division of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuanming Hao
- Division of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tongying Zhu
- Division of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Koziolova NA, Karavaev PG, Veklich AS. [Choosing Antithrombotic Therapy in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: How to Reduce the Risk of Death]. KARDIOLOGIIA 2020; 60:109-119. [PMID: 32394865 DOI: 10.18087/cardio.2020.4.n1042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This review presents prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD), risk factors in common, and a considerable worsening of prognosis in their combination. The authors addressed pathophysiological mechanisms of platelet dysfunction and negative changes in the coagulation system in IHD patients with type 2 DM, which predetermine activation of the prothrombotic pathway of hemostasis formation. Difficulties in optimal selection of antithrombotic therapy were demonstrated for both patients with type 2 DM without a history of cardiovascular diseases and IHD patients with type 2 DM. The authors paid attention to the fact that results of randomized clinical studies (RCS) that included patients with type 2 DM and acute coronary syndrome or after coronary revascularization cannot be extrapolated to the entire population of patients with stable IHD. At present, the preferable choice of antithrombotic therapy for patients with type 2 DM and stable IHD is a combination of rivaroxaban 2.5 mg twice a day and acetylsalicylic acid 100 mg/day. This combination provides a maximal clinical benefit compared to other strategies presented in RCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Koziolova
- State funded educational institution of the highest education "E.A. Wagner Perm State Medical University" Public Health Ministry of Russian Federation, Perm, Russia
| | - P G Karavaev
- State funded educational institution of the highest education "E.A. Wagner Perm State Medical University" Public Health Ministry of Russian Federation, Perm, Russia
| | - A S Veklich
- State funded educational institution of the highest education "E.A. Wagner Perm State Medical University" Public Health Ministry of Russian Federation, Perm, Russia
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11
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Zinc, copper, and oxysterol levels in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clin Nutr 2019; 39:1849-1856. [PMID: 31427180 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study has the objective to assess the zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and oxysterols plasma levels in type 1 (DM1) (n = 26) and type 2 (DM2) (n = 80) diabetes patients, as compared to healthy controls (n = 71), in order to testify whether metal levels may have a significant impact on the association between oxysterols and diabetes. METHODS Plasma trace elements and plasma oxysterols were assessed using atomic absorption spectrometry and LC-MS/MS, respectively. Lifestyle, smoking status, alcohol intake, and drug usage, as well as microvascular complications, were also monitored and reported. RESULTS The obtained data demonstrated that both DM1 and DM2 patients were characterized by significantly elevated HbA1c, FBG, TC, LDL-C, VLDL-C, and TG levels as compared to controls. Plasma Zn levels and Zn/Cu ratio in DM1 and DM2 patients were about 3- and 2-fold lower than controls. No significant differences in plasma Cu levels were reported. The 7-ketocholesterol (7-kchol) levels in DM1 and DM2 patients exceeded these values in healthy individuals by 2.5 and 5-fold, respectively. Similarly, cholestan-3β, 5α, 6β-triol (chol-triol) levels were more than 3- and 6-fold higher when compared to the respective values in non-diabetic controls. In regression models decreased plasma Zn and elevated oxysterol levels were significantly associated with HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose levels, after adjustment for anthropometric and clinical variables, as well as routine biochemical markers. CONCLUSIONS Plasma Zn concentration is inversely associated with both 7-kchol and chol-triol levels. Assessment of Zn and oxysterol levels may be used both for risk assessment and as targets for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
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YANG G, HAN D, MA J, ZHANG X. Efficacy of Ezetimibe/Simvastatin (10/10 mg) versus High Dose Statin in Dyslipidemia Patients: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 48:1405-1417. [PMID: 32292723 PMCID: PMC7145912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The monotherapies of statin and ezetimibe had not successfully achieved their objectives in the management of lipid levels of dyslipidemia patients. We aimed to compare the effects of combined low-dose simvastatin and ezetimibe versus high-dose statin on the lipid-lowering treatment of dyslipidemia patients. METHODS We searched five databases published before May 2018, namely PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Clinicaltrials.gov. Completely published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the effect of high-dose statin (S) with ezetimibe/simvastatin (10/10 mg; E/S) on the management of dyslipidemia patients were included. RESULTS A total of ten RCTs met the inclusion criteria, including 1,624 patients (E/S:691, S:933). Six outcomes underwent pooled analysis, including weighted mean difference (WMD) from baseline in total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), triglyceride (TG), and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C). No significant gap was found between high-dose statin and ezetimibe/simvastatin (10/10 mg) in LDL-C (-1.55; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -4.42∼1.31, P=0 .29), HDL-C (1.05; 95%CI: -0.21∼2.3, P=0 .1), TG (4.03; 95%CI: -4.53∼12.58, P=0.36), and hs-CRP (0.14; 95%CI: -0.50∼0.78, P=0.67). However, there was significant difference found between the two lipid-lowering treatments in TC (-0.45; 95%CI: -9.07∼-0.83, P=0.02) and non-HDL-C (-4.97; 95%CI -8.46∼-1.49, P=0.005). CONCLUSION Ezetimibe co-administered with simvastatin (10 mg) and high-dose statin monotherapy may show similar effects in reducing LDL-C, TG, and hs-CRP levels and in increasing HDL-C levels. However, the results suggest that there was greater TC and non-HDL-C lowering through high-dose statin monotherapy as compared with ezetimibe/simvastatin co-administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoming YANG
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China,Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College (China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital), Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Dengfeng HAN
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China
| | - Jianhua MA
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China
| | - Xiaoning ZHANG
- Department of Neurology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China,Corresponding Author:
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Cheng FR, Cui HX, Fang JL, Yuan K, Guo Y. Ameliorative Effect and Mechanism of the Purified Anthraquinone-Glycoside Preparation from Rheum Palmatum L. on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Molecules 2019; 24:E1454. [PMID: 31013790 PMCID: PMC6515271 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24081454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheum palmatum L. is a traditional Chinese medicine with various pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and detoxification effects. In this study, the mechanism of the hypoglycemic effect of purified anthraquinone-Glycoside from Rheum palmatum L. (PAGR) in streptozotocin (STZ) and high-fat diet induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in rats was investigated. The rats were randomly divided into normal (NC), T2DM, metformin (Met), low, middle (Mid), and high (Hig) does of PAGR groups. After six weeks of continuous administration of PAGR, the serum indices and tissue protein expression were determined, and the pathological changes in liver, kidney, and pancreas tissues were observed. The results showed that compared with the type 2 diabetes mellitus group, the fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) levels in the serum of rats in the PAGR treatment groups were significantly decreased, while superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) levels were noticeably increased. The expression of Fas ligand (FasL), cytochrome C (Cyt-c), and caspase-3 in pancreatic tissue was obviously decreased, and the pathological damage to the liver, kidney, and pancreas was improved. These indicate that PAGR can reduce oxidative stress in rats with diabetes mellitus by improving blood lipid metabolism and enhancing their antioxidant capacity, thereby regulating the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway to inhibitβ-cell apoptosis and improve β-cell function. Furthermore, it can regulate Fas/FasL-mediated apoptosis signaling pathway to inhibit β-cell apoptosis, thereby lowering blood glucose levels and improving T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Rong Cheng
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Hong-Xin Cui
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment & Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Ji-Li Fang
- Jiyang College of Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Zhu'ji 311800, China.
| | - Ke Yuan
- Jiyang College of Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Zhu'ji 311800, China.
| | - Ying Guo
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310053, China.
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Luo J, Jiang B, Li C, Jia X, Shi D. CYC27 Synthetic Derivative of Bromophenol from Red Alga Rhodomela confervoides: Anti-Diabetic Effects of Sensitizing Insulin Signaling Pathways and Modulating RNA Splicing-Associated RBPs. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E49. [PMID: 30641913 PMCID: PMC6356253 DOI: 10.3390/md17010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) lie at the center of posttranscriptional regulation and the dysregulation of RBPs contributes to diabetes. Therefore, the modulation of RBPs is anticipated to become a potential therapeutic approach to diabetes. CYC27 is a synthetic derivative of marine bromophenol BDB, which is isolated from red alga Rhodomela confervoides. In this study, we found that CYC27 significantly lowered the blood glucose levels of diabetic BKS db mice. Moreover, CYC27 effectively ameliorated dyslipidemia in BKS db mice by reducing their total serum cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels. Furthermore, CYC27 was an insulin-sensitizing agent with increased insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of insulin receptors and relevant downstream factors. Finally, to systemically study the mechanisms of CYC27, label-free quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis was performed to investigate global changes in phosphorylation. Enriched GO annotation showed that most regulated phosphoproteins were related to RNA splicing and RNA processing. Enriched KEGG analysis showed that a spliceosome-associated pathway was the predominant pathway after CYC27 treatment. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis showed that CYC27 modulated the process of mRNA splicing via phosphorylation of the relevant RBPs, including upregulated Cstf3 and Srrt. Our results suggested that CYC27 treatment exerted promising anti-diabetic effects by sensitizing the insulin signaling pathways and modulating RNA splicing-associated RBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Luo
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Bo Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Chao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Xiaoling Jia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Dayong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
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García Díaz E, Ramírez Medina D, Morera Porras ÓM, Cabrera Mateos JL. Determinants of inertia with lipid-lowering treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 66:223-231. [PMID: 30541682 DOI: 10.1016/j.endinu.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the control of cLDL in diabetic patients, to measure the impact on such control of inertia with lipid-lowering agents and to explore factors that allow for predicting this inertia. METHODS Study of historical cohorts of diabetic patients. The proportion of patients who achieved the target cLDL levels was estimated. Therapeutic inertia was considered when the dose of the lipid-lowering agents was not adjusted, or a lipid-lowering agent was not changed or added in patients with initial cLDL outside the target. Change in cLDL from the first to the last visit and inertia with lipid-lowering drugs were analyzed according to comorbidities, cardiovascular risk factors and treatments used. RESULTS The study simple consisted of 639 patients (mean follow-up time 11.1±11.2 months), of whom 27.5% achieved target cLDL levels. Inertia occurred in 43,6% of patients with initial cLDL outside the target. Independent predictors of inertia were the initial cLDL (P<0.001), polyneuropathy (P=0.014), adjustment of antihypertensive agents (P=0.002), adequacy of lipid-lowering agents (P<0.001), use of ezetimibe (P=0.001) and adherence to lipid-lowering drugs (P=0.015). CONCLUSIONS Inertia with lipid-lowering agents in a diabetic patient is less frequent in the presence of higher cLDL values, in cases of polyneuropathy, when antihypertensive agents are adjusted or changed, and when non-adherence is detected. The adequate initial prescription of statins and the association with ezetimibe decrease the likelihood of committing inertia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo García Díaz
- Unidad de Endocrinología, Hospital Dr. José Molina Orosa, Lanzarote, España.
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Wu P, Dai G, Chen F, Chen L, Zhang T, Xie K, Wang J, Zhang G. Transcriptome profile analysis of leg muscle tissues between slow- and fast-growing chickens. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206131. [PMID: 30403718 PMCID: PMC6221307 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chicken is widely favored by consumers because of some unique features. The leg muscles occupy an important position in the market. However, the specific mechanism for regulating muscle growth speed is not clear. In this experiment, we used Jinghai yellow chickens with different body weights at 300 days as research subjects. The chickens were divided into fast- and slow-growing groups, and we collected leg muscles after slaughtering for use in RNA-seq. After comparing the two groups, 87 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified (fold change ≥ 2 and FDR < 0.05). The fast-growing group had 42 up-regulated genes and 45 down-regulated genes among these DEGs compared to the slow-growing group. Six items were significantly enriched in the biological process: embryo development ending in birth or egg hatching, chordate embryonic development, embryonic skeletal system development, and embryo development as well as responses to ketones and the sulfur compound biosynthetic process. Two significantly enriched pathways were found in the KEGG pathway analysis (P-value < 0.05): the insulin signaling pathway and the adipocytokine signaling pathway. This study provides a theoretical basis for the molecular mechanism of chicken growth and for improving the production of Jinghai yellow chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guojun Dai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fuxiang Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lan Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kaizhou Xie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinyu Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Genxi Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Filippas-Ntekouan S, Tsimihodimos V, Filippatos T, Dimitriou T, Elisaf M. SGLT-2 inhibitors: pharmacokinetics characteristics and effects on lipids. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2018; 14:1113-1121. [DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2018.1541348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vasilios Tsimihodimos
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Theodosios Filippatos
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Theodora Dimitriou
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Moses Elisaf
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
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The prevalence and risk factors of dyslipidemia in different diabetic progression stages among middle-aged and elderly populations in China. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205709. [PMID: 30325950 PMCID: PMC6191112 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to examine the prevalence and risk factors of dyslipidemia in different diabetic progression stages among middle-aged and elderly Chinese populations. Methods The 2010–2012 China National Nutrition and Health Survey (CNNHS) is a nationally representative cross-sectional study. In the present study, a total of 69,974 participants aged ≥ 45 years were included. Dyslipidemia was defined based on the Chinese adult dyslipidemia prevention guide. A multivariable logistic regression model was performed to examine the associations between risk factors and dyslipidemia. Results The prevalence of dyslipidemia was 39.9%, 46.8%, and 59.3% in participants with normal glucose, prediabetes, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Women had a lower dyslipidemia prevalence than men (38.7% vs. 43.3%). Dyslipidemia prevalence was positively associated with the education level and inversely correlated with the physical activity level, and negatively related to age only among prediabetes and T2DM groups (P for trend < 0.05). Obesity, abdominal obesity, and hypertension were associated with dyslipidemia. Conclusions The prevalence of dyslipidemia was relatively high among middle-aged and elderly T2DM person. There are different associations between multiple risk factors and dyslipidemia in different diabetic progression stages.
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Hyperglycemia induces inflammatory mediators in the human chorionic villous. Cytokine 2018; 111:41-48. [PMID: 30114628 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This study was based on the hypothesis that IL-1β and its central regulator, the inflammasome, may play a role in the inflammatory condition exhibited by placental tissues from mothers with different gestational hyperglycemia levels. Pregnant women were classified according to the glycemic reference as non-diabetic (n = 15), mild gestational hyperglycemia (n = 15), gestational diabetes mellitus (n = 15) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (n = 15). We investigated levels of pro-inflammatory factors in maternal plasma and placental tissues (by ELISA or immunohistochemistry) and, NFKB activity (by electrophoretic mobility shift assay) and inflammasome protein expression (by Western blot) in chorionic villous. Maternal plasma and placental levels of inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6, and MCP-1) were increased during all hyperglycemic conditions. Villous stroma cells showed strong immunoreactivity to CD68. In addition, with syncytiotrophoblast, the villous stroma cells were also stained to detect iNOS, MCP-1, TLR2, and TLR4. Although the levels of protein had fluctuated in the groups, NLRP1, NLRP3, ASC, and Caspase 1 were up-regulated in all hyperglycemic groups suggesting the inflammasome may be assembled in these pregnant women. The NFKB activity also exhibited higher levels in hyperglycemic groups, which might imply in pro-inflammatory cytokines production. In summary, increased maternal glucose levels during pregnancy changed systemic and placental inflammatory patterns, which occurred in parallel with the expression of inflammasome factors and processing and secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β. These results suggest an inflammatory condition in all gestational hyperglycemic conditions, even in hyperglycemia that is less severe than gestational or overt diabetes, likely associated with inflammasome activation and inflammatory cytokine secretion. Inflammasome activation as a possible source of inflammatory factors may be an important target to be considered while managing hyperglycemia and preventing adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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Luo Y, Li Z, Zhang J, Li J, Lu Z. Dyslipidaemia was correlated to the posterior circulation infarction in non-diabetic populations. Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:150. [PMID: 29945627 PMCID: PMC6020360 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0799-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) was prone to happening in posterior circulation infarction (POCI) and DM also has the impact on the lipids, our study was to investigate the correlation between lipid compositions and POCI. Methods Data was collected from the patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) hospitalization in Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School from October 2008 to May 2012. Lipids and other risk factors in the different populations were investigated in relation to occurrence of POCI based on the infarction location. Results Six hundred ten patients with AIS were included in this study, which had 428 with anterior circulation infarction (ACI) and 182 with POCI. Elevated Triglyceride (TG) and decreased High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were seen in the POCI of total populations and AIS without DM compared to the ACI, but not in the populations of AIS with DM, so did the elevated TG/HDL-C ratios. Also, the percent of low HDL-C level and high TG level were higher in POCI group than that in ACI group. Furthermore, single factors logistic regression demonstrated that TG, HDL-C and TG/HDL-C ratio were correlated to the POCI whatever in the total populations or AIS without DM, but this kind of trend just maintained in the populations of AIS without DM after adjusting by relative interference factors. Conclusion Dyslipidaemia was prone to happening in POCI compared to ACI in the non-diabetic populations, which was correlated to the pathogenesis of POCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Luo
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiahui Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jingwei Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhengjuan Lu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu Province, China
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Plant sterols lower LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides in dyslipidemic individuals with or at risk of developing type 2 diabetes; a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Nutr Diabetes 2018; 8:30. [PMID: 29795368 PMCID: PMC5968034 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-018-0039-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Managing cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, e.g., dyslipidemia in type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is critically important as CVD is the most common cause of death in T2DM patients. This study aimed to investigate the effect of plant sterols (PS) on lowering both elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglycerides (TG). Methods In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel study, 161 individuals at increased risk of and with established T2DM, consumed low-fat spreads without or with added PS (2 g/d) for 6 weeks after a 2-week run-in period. Increased risk of developing T2DM was defined by the Australian T2DM Risk Assessment Tool (AUSDRISK). Fasting serum/plasma total cholesterol (TC), LDL-C, TG, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), glucose and insulin were measured at baseline and after 6 weeks. Effects on acute and chronic postprandial blood lipids, glucose and insulin were measured over 4-h in 39 individuals with T2DM following a mixed meal challenge without and with added 2 g/d PS at week 6. The study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02288585). Results Hundred fifty-one individuals completed the study and 138 (57% men, 43% women; 44 with and 94 at risk of T2DM) were included in per protocol analysis. Baseline LDL-C and TG were 3.8 ± 1.0 and 2.5 ± 0.8 mmol/l, respectively. PS intake significantly lowered fasting LDL-C (−4.6%, 95%CI −1.2; −8.0; p = 0.009), TC (−4.2%, 95%CI −1.2; −7.1; p = 0.006) and TG (−8.3%, 95% −1.1, −15.0; p = 0.024) with no significant changes in HDL-C, glucose or insulin. Postprandial lipid (TG, TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, remnant cholesterol), glucose and insulin responses did not differ. Conclusions In individuals at risk of and with established T2DM and with elevated TG and LDL-C, 2 g/d of PS results in dual LDL-C plus TG lowering. Postprandial lipid or glycemic responses did not differ between PS and control treatment.
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Cui JY, Zhou RR, Han S, Wang TS, Wang LQ, Xie XH. Statin therapy on glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients: A network meta-analysis. J Clin Pharm Ther 2018; 43:556-570. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.12690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Y. Cui
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Peking University; Beijing China
| | - R. R. Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Peking University; Beijing China
| | - S. Han
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Peking University; Beijing China
| | - T. S. Wang
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Peking University; Beijing China
| | - L. Q. Wang
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Peking University; Beijing China
| | - X. H. Xie
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Peking University; Beijing China
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Zhang J, Tecson KM, Rocha NA, McCullough PA. Usefulness of alirocumab and evolocumab for the treatment of patients with diabetic dyslipidemia. Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent) 2018; 31:180-184. [PMID: 29706812 DOI: 10.1080/08998280.2018.1441255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2015, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the anti-proprotein convertase subtilsin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) monoclonal antibodies, alirocumab and evolocumab, to treat patients with hypercholesterolemia and mixed dyslipidemia. Since then, considerable attention has been paid to the use of these monoclonal antibodies for the treatment of diabetic dyslipidemia with a goal of reducing the risk for cardiovascular disease. Recently, consensus statements on the clinical use of PCSK9 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, who are unable to achieve the goal of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (<70 mg/dL or <1.8 mmol/L), have been published by panels of experts in Greece, Europe (European Society of Cardiology and European Atherosclerosis Society Task Force), and the United States (American College of Cardiology Consensus Committee). On December 1, 2017, the FDA approved evolocumab to prevent heart attack, stroke, and coronary revascularization. In this article, we review recent advances concerning the pathophysiology of diabetic dyslipidemia, the physiology of PCSK9, the mechanisms of action of PCSK9 inhibitors, clinical trials examining PCSK9 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes, and perspectives of nonstatin therapy in the treatment of diabetic dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Kristen M Tecson
- Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Natalia A Rocha
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Peter A McCullough
- Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Division of Cardiology, Baylor Jack and Jane Hamilton Hospital, Dallas, Texas
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Doonan LM, Fisher EA, Brodsky JL. Can modulators of apolipoproteinB biogenesis serve as an alternate target for cholesterol-lowering drugs? Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1863:762-771. [PMID: 29627384 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the molecular defects underlying cardiovascular disease is necessary for the development of therapeutics. The most common method to lower circulating lipids, which reduces the incidence of cardiovascular disease, is statins, but other drugs are now entering the clinic, some of which have been approved. Nevertheless, patients cannot tolerate some of these therapeutics, the drugs are costly, and/or the treatments are approved for only rare forms of disease. Efforts to find alternative treatments have focused on other factors, such as apolipoproteinB (apoB), which transports cholesterol in the blood stream. The levels of apoB are regulated by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) associated degradation as well as by a post ER degradation pathway in model systems, and we suggest that these events provide novel therapeutic targets. We discuss first how cardiovascular disease arises and how cholesterol is regulated, and then summarize the mechanisms of action of existing treatments for cardiovascular disease. We then review the apoB biosynthetic pathway, focusing on steps that might be amenable to therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynley M Doonan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States
| | - Edward A Fisher
- Departments of Medicine (Cardiology) and Cell Biology and the Marc and Ruti Bell Program in Vascular Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, United States
| | - Jeffrey L Brodsky
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States.
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Katsiki N, Giannoukas AD, Athyros VG, Mikhailidis DP. Lipid-lowering treatment in peripheral artery disease. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2018; 39:19-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Shibasaki Y, Horikawa M, Ikegami K, Kiuchi R, Takeda M, Hiraide T, Morita Y, Konno H, Takeuchi H, Setou M, Sakaguchi T. Stearate-to-palmitate ratio modulates endoplasmic reticulum stress and cell apoptosis in non-B non-C hepatoma cells. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:1110-1120. [PMID: 29427339 PMCID: PMC5891190 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The increased prevalence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) without viral infection, namely, NHCC, is a major public health issue worldwide. NHCC is frequently derived from non‐alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) and non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis, which exhibit dysregulated fatty acid (FA) metabolism. This raises the possibility that NHCC evolves intracellular machineries to adapt to dysregulated FA metabolism. We herein aim to identify NHCC‐specifically altered FA and key molecules to achieve the adaptation. To analyze FA, imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) was performed on 15 HCC specimens. The composition of saturated FA (SFA) in NHCC was altered from that in typical HCC. The stearate‐to‐palmitate ratio (SPR) was significantly increased in NHCC. Associated with the SPR increase, the ELOVL6 protein level was upregulated in NHCC. The knockdown of ELOVL6 reduced SPR, and enhanced endoplasmic reticulum stress, inducing apoptosis of Huh7 and HepG2 cells. In conclusion, NHCC appears to adapt to an FA‐rich environment by modulating SPR through ELOVL6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Shibasaki
- Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Makoto Horikawa
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan.,International Mass Imaging Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Koji Ikegami
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan.,International Mass Imaging Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Ryota Kiuchi
- Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Makoto Takeda
- Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takanori Hiraide
- Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Morita
- Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Konno
- Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroya Takeuchi
- Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Setou
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan.,International Mass Imaging Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takanori Sakaguchi
- Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
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Athyros VG, Doumas M, Imprialos KP, Stavropoulos K, Georgianou E, Katsimardou A, Karagiannis A. Diabetes and lipid metabolism. Hormones (Athens) 2018; 17:61-67. [PMID: 29858856 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-018-0014-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The authors review the association between diabetes mellitus (DM) and aberrations of lipid metabolism related to DM, diabetic dyslipidemia (DD). DM is considered as a major health burden worldwide and one of the most important modifiable cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. This applies to both the developed and the developing countries, especially the latter. While patients with type 1 DM, 10% of all DM cases, usually do not have dyslipidemia, DD is frequent among patients with type 2 DM (T2DM) (prevalence > 75%) and is mainly a mixed dyslipidemia [increase in triglycerides (TGs), low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and small-dense (atherogenic), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) particles]. The components of DD, which is characterized by quantitative (mentioned above), qualitative, and kinetic abnormalities all contributing to CVD risk, are mostly related to insulin resistance. Statins, ezetimibe, and PCSK9 inhibitors can be used in monotherapy or consecutively in combinations if needed. Statins compose the main drug. For the residual CVD risk after statin treatment, the use of statin-fibrate combinations is indicated only in patients with mixed dyslipidemia. In conclusion, DD is a major health problem worldwide. It is a significant CVD risk factor and should be treated according to current guidelines. The means today exist to normalize all quantitative, qualitative, and kinetic aberrations of DD, thereby reducing CVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilios G Athyros
- Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Hippocration Hospital, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece.
- 2nd Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University, 15 Marmara St., 551 32, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Michael Doumas
- Veteran Affairs Medical Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Konstantinos P Imprialos
- Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Hippocration Hospital, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Stavropoulos
- Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Hippocration Hospital, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni Georgianou
- Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Hippocration Hospital, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Alexandra Katsimardou
- Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Hippocration Hospital, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Asterios Karagiannis
- Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Hippocration Hospital, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Xiong H, Zhang S, Zhao Z, Zhao P, Chen L, Mei Z. Antidiabetic activities of entagenic acid in type 2 diabetic db/db mice and L6 myotubes via AMPK/GLUT4 pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 211:366-374. [PMID: 28993280 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Entada phaseoloides (L.) Merr., a traditional Chinese folk medicine, has been used in treating diabetes and other inflammatory disorders. Our previous study revealed that the triterpene saponins in E.Phaseoloides possessed an antidiabetic effect in type 2 diabetic rats by activating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Entagenic acid, the principal aglycon, isolated from the seed kernels of E. phaseoloides, has been proposed to possess a significant role in the antidiabetic effect, however, its actual effect and pertinent mechanisms are still unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of the present study was to investigate the antidiabetic effect of entagenic acid in a type 2 diabetic animal model (C57BIKsj db/db mice) and its role in the regulation of glucose uptake in L6 myotubes, and to explore the possible molecular mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vivo, average weekly body weight, daily water, food intake and postprandial blood glucose levels, the intraperitoneal insulin tolerance test, glucose tolerance test, serum lipid profiles and pancreatic histopathological changes in db/db mice treated with entagenic acid orally at different doses (5, 10 and 20mg/kg) were assessed and compared with wild-type littermates or vehicle- and metformin-treated db/db mice. In vitro, effects of entagenic acid on the glucose consumption and the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (AKT) and AMPK in L6 myotubes were evaluated. RESULTS In vivo, entagenic acid significantly lowered postprandial blood glucose levels but not the body weight, normalized the serum lipid imbalance, improved the impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, as well as the pathological changes in pancreatic islets. In vitro, entagenic acid dose-dependently promoted glucose utilization and enhanced the translocation and expression of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4), and phosphorylation of AMPK but not AKT. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated that entagenic acid can markedly maintain the glucose homeostasis, improve insulin resistance and ameliorate dyslipidemia. Its antihyperglycemic effect could be caused by promoting AMPK mediated cellular signaling and GLUT4 translocation in muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xiong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Shengnan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Zhongqiu Zhao
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, The Center for the Study of Itch, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ping Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Lvyi Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Zhinan Mei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
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Elaidy SM, Hussain MA, El-Kherbetawy MK. Time-dependent therapeutic roles of nitazoxanide on high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats: effects on hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma receptors. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 96:485-497. [PMID: 29244961 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2017-0533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Targeting peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ) is an approved strategy in facing insulin resistance (IR) for diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2. The PPAR-γ modulators display improvements in the insulin-sensitizing and adverse effects of the traditional thiazolidinediones. Nitazoxanide (NTZ) is proposed as a PPAR-γ receptor ligand with agonistic post-transcriptional effects. Currently, NTZ antidiabetic activities versus pioglitazone (PIO) in a high-fat diet/streptozotocin rat model of type 2 diabetes was explored. Diabetic adult male Wistar rats were treated orally with either PIO (2.7 mg·kg-1·day-1) or NTZ (200 mg·kg-1·day-1) for 14, 21, and 28 days. Body masses, fasting blood glucose, IR, lipid profiles, and liver and kidney functions of rats were assayed. Hepatic glucose metabolism and PPAR-γ protein expression levels as well as hepatic, pancreatic, muscular, and renal histopathology were evaluated. Significant time-dependent euglycemic and insulin-sensitizing effects with preservation of liver and kidney functions were offered by NTZ. Higher hepatic levels of glucose-6-phosphatase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase enzymes and PPAR-γ protein expressions were acquired by NTZ and PIO, respectively. NTZ could be considered an oral therapeutic strategy for DM type 2. Further systematic NTZ/PPAR-γ receptor subtype molecular activations are recommended. Simultaneous use of NTZ with other approved antidiabetics should be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samah M Elaidy
- a Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Mona A Hussain
- b Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Portsaid University, Portsaid, Egypt
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Guimarães ES, Cerda A, Dorea EL, Bernik MMS, Gusukuma MC, Pinto GA, Fajardo CM, Hirata MH, Hirata RDC. Effects of short-term add-on ezetimibe to statin treatment on expression of adipokines and inflammatory markers in diabetic and dyslipidemic patients. Cardiovasc Ther 2017; 35. [DOI: 10.1111/1755-5922.12307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elizandra Silva Guimarães
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Sao Paulo; Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - Alvaro Cerda
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine, CETM-BIOREN, Department of Basic Sciences; Universidad de La Frontera; Temuco Chile
| | | | | | | | | | - Cristina Moreno Fajardo
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Sao Paulo; Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - Mario Hiroyuki Hirata
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Sao Paulo; Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - Rosario Dominguez Crespo Hirata
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Sao Paulo; Sao Paulo Brazil
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Müller-Wieland D, Leiter LA, Cariou B, Letierce A, Colhoun HM, Del Prato S, Henry RR, Tinahones FJ, Aurand L, Maroni J, Ray KK, Bujas-Bobanovic M. Design and rationale of the ODYSSEY DM-DYSLIPIDEMIA trial: lipid-lowering efficacy and safety of alirocumab in individuals with type 2 diabetes and mixed dyslipidaemia at high cardiovascular risk. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2017; 16:70. [PMID: 28545518 PMCID: PMC5445362 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-017-0552-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is often associated with mixed dyslipidaemia, where non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) levels may more closely align with cardiovascular risk than low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). We describe the design and rationale of the ODYSSEY DM-DYSLIPIDEMIA study that assesses the efficacy and safety of alirocumab, a proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitor, versus lipid-lowering usual care in individuals with T2DM and mixed dyslipidaemia at high cardiovascular risk with non-HDL-C inadequately controlled despite maximally tolerated statin therapy. For the first time, atherogenic cholesterol-lowering with a PCSK9 inhibitor will be assessed with non-HDL-C as the primary endpoint with usual care as the comparator. Methods DM-DYSLIPIDEMIA is a Phase 3b/4, randomised, open-label, parallel group, multinational study that planned to enrol 420 individuals. Main inclusion criteria were T2DM and mixed dyslipidaemia (non-HDL-C ≥100 mg/dl [≥2.59 mmol/l], and triglycerides ≥150 and <500 mg/dl [≥1.70 and <5.65 mmol/l]) with documented atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease or ≥1 additional cardiovascular risk factor. Participants were randomised (2:1) to alirocumab 75 mg every 2 weeks (Q2W) or lipid-lowering usual care on top of maximally tolerated statin (or no statin if intolerant). If randomised to usual care, investigators were able to add their pre-specified choice of one of the following to the patient’s current statin regimen: ezetimibe, fenofibrate, omega-3 fatty acids or nicotinic acid, in accordance with local standard-of-care. Alirocumab-treated individuals with non-HDL-C ≥100 mg/dl at week 8 will undergo a blinded dose increase to 150 mg Q2W at week 12. The primary efficacy endpoint is non-HDL-C change from baseline to week 24 with alirocumab versus usual care; other lipid levels (including LDL-C), glycaemia-related measures, safety and tolerability will also be assessed. Alirocumab will be compared to fenofibrate in a secondary analysis. Results Recruitment completed with 413 individuals randomised in 14 countries worldwide. Results of this trial are expected in the second quarter of 2017. Conclusions ODYSSEY DM-DYSLIPIDEMIA will provide information on the efficacy and safety of alirocumab versus lipid-lowering usual care in individuals with T2DM and mixed dyslipidaemia at high cardiovascular risk using non-HDL-C as the primary efficacy endpoint. Trial registration NCT02642159 (registered December 24, 2015) Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12933-017-0552-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Müller-Wieland
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Lawrence A Leiter
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute and Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Alexia Letierce
- Biostatistics and Programming Department, Sanofi, Chilly-Mazarin, France
| | | | - Stefano Del Prato
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Robert R Henry
- University of California San Diego School of Medicine, Center for Metabolic Research, Veterans Affairs, San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Jaman Maroni
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Kausik K Ray
- Imperial Centre for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK
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Katsiki N, Athyros VG, Karagiannis A, Mikhailidis DP. Semaglutide, lipid-lowering drugs, and NAFLD. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2017; 5:329-330. [PMID: 28434490 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(17)30109-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Niki Katsiki
- Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippocration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vasilios G Athyros
- Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippocration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Asterios Karagiannis
- Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippocration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitri P Mikhailidis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London, London NW3 2QG, UK.
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