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Hocher B, Lu YP, Reichetzeder C, Zhang X, Tsuprykov O, Rahnenführer J, Xie L, Li J, Hu L, Krämer BK, Hasan AA. Paternal eNOS deficiency in mice affects glucose homeostasis and liver glycogen in male offspring without inheritance of eNOS deficiency itself. Diabetologia 2022; 65:1222-1236. [PMID: 35488925 PMCID: PMC9174141 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-022-05700-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS It was shown that maternal endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) deficiency causes fatty liver disease and numerically lower fasting glucose in female wild-type offspring, suggesting that parental genetic variants may influence the offspring's phenotype via epigenetic modifications in the offspring despite the absence of a primary genetic defect. The aim of the current study was to analyse whether paternal eNOS deficiency may cause the same phenotype as seen with maternal eNOS deficiency. METHODS Heterozygous (+/-) male eNOS (Nos3) knockout mice or wild-type male mice were bred with female wild-type mice. The phenotype of wild-type offspring of heterozygous male eNOS knockout mice was compared with offspring from wild-type parents. RESULTS Global sperm DNA methylation decreased and sperm microRNA pattern altered substantially. Fasting glucose and liver glycogen storage were increased when analysing wild-type male and female offspring of +/- eNOS fathers. Wild-type male but not female offspring of +/- eNOS fathers had increased fasting insulin and increased insulin after glucose load. Analysing candidate genes for liver fat and carbohydrate metabolism revealed that the expression of genes encoding glucocorticoid receptor (Gr; also known as Nr3c1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (Pgc1a; also known as Ppargc1a) was increased while DNA methylation of Gr exon 1A and Pgc1a promoter was decreased in the liver of male wild-type offspring of +/- eNOS fathers. The endocrine pancreas in wild-type offspring was not affected. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our study suggests that paternal genetic defects such as eNOS deficiency may alter the epigenome of the sperm without transmission of the paternal genetic defect itself. In later life wild-type male offspring of +/- eNOS fathers developed increased fasting insulin and increased insulin after glucose load. These effects are associated with increased Gr and Pgc1a gene expression due to altered methylation of these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berthold Hocher
- Fifth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China.
- Institute of Medical Diagnostics, IMD Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Yong-Ping Lu
- Fifth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Nephrology, Center of Kidney and Urology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Fifth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Oleg Tsuprykov
- Fifth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Rahnenführer
- Fifth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Li Xie
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Liang Hu
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bernhard K Krämer
- Fifth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ahmed A Hasan
- Fifth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Metformin and Insulin Resistance: A Review of the Underlying Mechanisms behind Changes in GLUT4-Mediated Glucose Transport. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031264. [PMID: 35163187 PMCID: PMC8836112 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin is the most commonly used treatment to increase insulin sensitivity in insulin-resistant (IR) conditions such as diabetes, prediabetes, polycystic ovary syndrome, and obesity. There is a well-documented correlation between glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) expression and the level of IR. Therefore, the observed increase in peripheral glucose utilization after metformin treatment most likely comes from the induction of GLUT4 expression and its increased translocation to the plasma membrane. However, the mechanisms behind this effect and the critical metformin targets are still largely undefined. The present review explores the evidence for the crucial role of changes in the expression and activation of insulin signaling pathway mediators, AMPK, several GLUT4 translocation mediators, and the effect of posttranscriptional modifications based on previously published preclinical and clinical models of metformin’s mode of action in animal and human studies. Our aim is to provide a comprehensive review of the studies in this field in order to shed some light on the complex interactions between metformin action, GLUT4 expression, GLUT4 translocation, and the observed increase in peripheral insulin sensitivity.
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Gehrand AL, Phillips J, Welhouse KD, Siddiqui H, Schulgit M, Hoffman J, Hunt H, Raff H. Glucocorticoid Receptor Antagonist Alters Corticosterone and Receptor-sensitive mRNAs in the Hypoxic Neonatal Rat. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6429713. [PMID: 34791109 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia, a common stressor with preterm birth, increases morbidity and mortality associated with prematurity. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are administered to the preterm infant to improve oxygenation; prolonged use of GCs remains controversial. We evaluated a selective glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonist (CORT113176) in our neonatal rat model of human prematurity to assess how fasting and hypoxia-induced increases in neonatal corticosterone affects endogenous hormones and endocrine pancreas function. Neonatal rat pups at postnatal day (PD) 2, PD8, and PD15 were pretreated with CORT113176 and, after 60 minutes of separation and fasting, exposed to hypoxia (8% O2) or control (normoxia) for 30 or 60 minutes while fasting was continued. Plasma corticosterone, ACTH, glucose, and insulin were measured and fasting Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance was calculated. Glucocorticoid and insulin receptor-sensitive gene mRNAs were analyzed in liver, muscle, and adipose to evaluate target tissue biomarkers. CORT113176 pretreatment augmented baseline and hypoxia-induced increases in corticosterone and attenuated hypoxia-induced increases in insulin resistance at PD2. Normoxic and hypoxic stress increased the hepatic GR-sensitive gene mRNAs, Gilz and Per1; this was eliminated by pretreatment with CORT113176. CORT113176 pretreatment decreased baseline insulin receptor-sensitive gene mRNAs Akt2, Irs1, Pik3r1, and Srebp1c at PD2. We show that CORT113176 variably augments the stress-induced increases in corticosterone concentrations (attenuation of negative feedback) and that GR is critical for hepatic responses to stress in the hypoxic neonate. We also propose that measurement of Gilz and Per1 mRNA expression may be useful to evaluate the effectiveness of GR antagonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley L Gehrand
- Endocrine Research Laboratory, Aurora St. Luke's Medical Center, Advocate Aurora Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI 53215, USA
| | - Jonathan Phillips
- Endocrine Research Laboratory, Aurora St. Luke's Medical Center, Advocate Aurora Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI 53215, USA
| | - Kyle D Welhouse
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Hana Siddiqui
- Endocrine Research Laboratory, Aurora St. Luke's Medical Center, Advocate Aurora Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI 53215, USA
| | - Matthew Schulgit
- Endocrine Research Laboratory, Aurora St. Luke's Medical Center, Advocate Aurora Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI 53215, USA
| | | | - Hazel Hunt
- Corcept Therapeutics, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Hershel Raff
- Endocrine Research Laboratory, Aurora St. Luke's Medical Center, Advocate Aurora Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI 53215, USA
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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Akhaphong B, Gregg B, Kumusoglu D, Jo S, Singer K, Scheys J, DelProposto J, Lumeng C, Bernal-Mizrachi E, Alejandro EU. Maternal High-Fat Diet During Pre-Conception and Gestation Predisposes Adult Female Offspring to Metabolic Dysfunction in Mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:780300. [PMID: 35111136 PMCID: PMC8801938 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.780300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The risk of obesity in adulthood is subject to programming in the womb. Maternal obesity contributes to programming of obesity and metabolic disease risk in the adult offspring. With the increasing prevalence of obesity in women of reproductive age there is a need to understand the ramifications of maternal high-fat diet (HFD) during pregnancy on offspring's metabolic heath trajectory. In the present study, we determined the long-term metabolic outcomes on adult male and female offspring of dams fed with HFD during pregnancy. C57BL/6J dams were fed either Ctrl or 60% Kcal HFD for 4 weeks before and throughout pregnancy, and we tested glucose homeostasis in the adult offspring. Both Ctrl and HFD-dams displayed increased weight during pregnancy, but HFD-dams gained more weight than Ctrl-dams. Litter size and offspring birthweight were not different between HFD-dams or Ctrl-dams. A significant reduction in random blood glucose was evident in newborns from HFD-dams compared to Ctrl-dams. Islet morphology and alpha-cell fraction were normal but a reduction in beta-cell fraction was observed in newborns from HFD-dams compared to Ctrl-dams. During adulthood, male offspring of HFD-dams displayed comparable glucose tolerance under normal chow. Male offspring re-challenged with HFD displayed glucose intolerance transiently. Adult female offspring of HFD-dams demonstrated normal glucose tolerance but displayed increased insulin resistance relative to controls under normal chow diet. Moreover, adult female offspring of HFD-dams displayed increased insulin secretion in response to high-glucose treatment, but beta-cell mass were comparable between groups. Together, these data show that maternal HFD at pre-conception and during gestation predisposes the female offspring to insulin resistance in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Akhaphong
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Brigid Gregg
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Doga Kumusoglu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Brehm Center for Diabetes Research, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Seokwon Jo
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Kanakadurga Singer
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Joshua Scheys
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Brehm Center for Diabetes Research, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Jennifer DelProposto
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Carey Lumeng
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Ernesto Bernal-Mizrachi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Brehm Center for Diabetes Research, Ann Arbor, United States
- Diabetes, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Miami VA Healthcare System and Division Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Ernesto Bernal-Mizrachi, ; Emilyn U. Alejandro,
| | - Emilyn U. Alejandro
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Brehm Center for Diabetes Research, Ann Arbor, United States
- *Correspondence: Ernesto Bernal-Mizrachi, ; Emilyn U. Alejandro,
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Insulin Sensitivity Is Associated with Lipoprotein Lipase ( LPL) and Catenin Delta 2 ( CTNND2) DNA Methylation in Peripheral White Blood Cells in Non-Diabetic Young Women. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20122928. [PMID: 31208038 PMCID: PMC6627674 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20122928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycaemia and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are associated with impaired insulin secretion and/or insulin action. Since few studies have addressed the relation between DNA methylation patterns with elaborated surrogates of insulin secretion/sensitivity based on the intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT), the aim of this study was to evaluate the association between DNA methylation and an insulin sensitivity index based on IVGTT (calculated insulin sensitivity index (CSi)) in peripheral white blood cells from 57 non-diabetic female volunteers. The CSi and acute insulin response (AIR) indexes, as well as the disposition index (DI = CSi × AIR), were estimated from abbreviated IVGTT in 49 apparently healthy Chilean women. Methylation levels were assessed using the Illumina Infinium Human Methylation 450k BeadChip. After a statistical probe filtering, the two top CpGs whose methylation was associated with CSi were cg04615668 and cg07263235, located in the catenin delta 2 (CTNND2) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) genes, respectively. Both CpGs conjointly predicted insulin sensitivity status with an area under the curve of 0.90. Additionally, cg04615668 correlated with homeostasis model assessment insulin-sensitivity (HOMA-S) and AIR, whereas cg07263235 was associated with plasma creatinine and DI. These results add further insights into the epigenetic regulation of insulin sensitivity and associated complications, pointing the CTNND2 and LPL genes as potential underlying epigenetic biomarkers for future risk of insulin-related diseases.
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Abstract
The prevalence of insulin resistance (IR) is increasing rapidly worldwide and it is a relevant health problem because it is associated with several diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disorders and cancer. Understanding the mechanisms involved in IR onset and progression will open new avenues for identifying biomarkers for preventing and treating IR and its co-diseases. Epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation are important factors that mediate the environmental effect in the genome by regulating gene expression and consequently its effect on the phenotype and the development of disease. Taking into account that IR results from a complex interplay between genes and the environment and that epigenetic marks are reversible, disentangling the relationship between IR and epigenetics will provide new tools to improve the management and prevention of IR. Here, we review the current scientific evidence regarding the association between IR and epigenetic markers as mechanisms involved in IR development and potential management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea G Izquierdo
- Epigenomics in Endocrinology and Nutrition group, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), C/ Choupana, s/n, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERobn), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana B Crujeiras
- Epigenomics in Endocrinology and Nutrition group, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), C/ Choupana, s/n, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERobn), Madrid, Spain.
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Epigenetic effects of the pregnancy Mediterranean diet adherence on the offspring metabolic syndrome markers. J Physiol Biochem 2017; 73:495-510. [PMID: 28921259 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-017-0592-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) has a multifactorial and not yet fully clarified origin. Insulin resistance is a key element that connects all the accepted components of MS (obesity, dyslipemia, high blood pressure, and hyperglycemia). There is strong evidence that epigenetic changes during fetal development are key factors in the development of MS. These changes are induced by maternal nutrition, among different factors, affecting the intrauterine environment. The Mediterranean diet has been shown to be a healthy eating pattern that protects against the development of MS in adults. Similarly, the Mediterranean diet could have a similar action during pregnancy, protecting the fetus against the development of MS throughout life. This review assembles studies carried out, both in animals and humans, on the epigenetic modifications associated with the consumption, during pregnancy, of Mediterranean diet main components. The relationship between these modifications and the occurrence of factors involved in development of MS is also explained. In addition, the results of our group relating adherence to the Mediterranean diet with MS markers are discussed. The paper ends suggesting future actuation lines in order to increase knowledge on Mediterranean diet adherence as a prevention tool of MS development.
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Sookoian S, Puri P, Castaño GO, Scian R, Mirshahi F, Sanyal AJ, Pirola CJ. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is associated with a state of betaine-insufficiency. Liver Int 2017; 37:611-619. [PMID: 27614103 DOI: 10.1111/liv.13249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) develops from a complex process, which includes changes in the liver methylome. Betaine plays a pivotal role in the regulation of methylogenesis. We performed a two-stage case-control study, which included patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD to explore circulating levels of betaine and its association with the histological spectrum. We also explored the association between a missense rs1805074, p.Ser646Pro variant in DMGDH (dimethylglycine dehydrogenase mitochondrial) and NAFLD severity (n=390). RESULTS In the discovery phase (n=48), betaine levels were associated with the disease severity (P=.0030), including liver inflammation (Spearman R:-0.51, P=.001), ballooning degeneration (R: -0.50, P=.01) and fibrosis (R: -0.54, P=.0008). Betaine levels were significantly decreased in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in comparison with nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL). Further replication (n=51) showed that betaine levels were associated with advanced NAFLD (P=.0085), and patients with NASH had a 1.26-fold decrease in betaine levels compared with those with NAFL. The rs1805074 was significantly associated with the disease severity (P=.011). CONCLUSION NAFLD severity is associated with a state of betaine-insufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Sookoian
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Hepatology, Institute of Medical Research A Lanari-IDIM, University of Buenos Aires- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Puneet Puri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Gustavo O Castaño
- Liver Unit, Medicine and Surgery Department, Hospital Abel Zubizarreta, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Romina Scian
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Hepatology, Institute of Medical Research A Lanari-IDIM, University of Buenos Aires- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Department of Molecular Genetics and Biology of Complex Diseases, Institute of Medical Research A Lanari-IDIM, University of Buenos Aires-National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Faridodin Mirshahi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Arun J Sanyal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Carlos J Pirola
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Biology of Complex Diseases, Institute of Medical Research A Lanari-IDIM, University of Buenos Aires-National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Zhao H, Zhao Y, Ren Y, Li M, Li T, Li R, Yu Y, Qiao J. Epigenetic regulation of an adverse metabolic phenotype in polycystic ovary syndrome: the impact of the leukocyte methylation of PPARGC1A promoter. Fertil Steril 2016; 107:467-474.e5. [PMID: 27889100 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate PPARGC1A promoter methylation and mitochondria DNA (mtDNA) content in the leukocytes of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and analyze the relationship between these indices and metabolic risk for women with PCOS. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING University hospital. PATIENT(S) A total of 175 women with PCOS and 127 healthy controls. INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Women with and without PCOS classified using the typical metabolic risk criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel III report (ATPIII), methylation of PPARGC1A promoter tested by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction, and mtDNA content confirmed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULT(S) PPARGC1A promoter methylation was specifically increased, but mtDNA content was specifically decreased in women with PCOS compared with the control women after adjustment for body mass index. Moreover, in women with PCOS who have increased metabolic risk, the differences in PPARGC1A promoter methylation and mitochondrial content were aggravated. CONCLUSION(S) In conclusion, PPARGC1A promoter methylation and mitochondrial content were found to be potential biomarkers for the prediction of metabolic risk in women with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongcui Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Center of Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Center of Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Ren
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Center of Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Center of Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianjie Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Center of Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Center of Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Center of Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jie Qiao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Center of Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Wu YE, Zhang CL, Zhen Q. Metabolic syndrome in children (Review). Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:2390-2394. [PMID: 27698739 PMCID: PMC5038558 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of cardiometabolic risk factors, including central obesity, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia and increased blood pressure. The prevalence of MetS is on the increase worldwide owing to the epidemic of overweight and obesity. The risk of prevalence of MetS greatly increases during adulthood for those children exposed to cardiometabolic risk factors in their early lives. MetS has also been associated with liver fat accumulation in children. Elevated levels of plasma alanine aminotransferase and γ-glutamyl transferase have been associated with liver fat accumulation. The present review aimed to expand knowledge on the clustering of cardiometabolic risk factors responsible for the widespread occurrence of metabolic disease in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-E Wu
- Department of Respiration, Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Chong-Lin Zhang
- Department of Respiration, Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Qing Zhen
- Department of Respiration, Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
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Abstract
Most living beings, including humans, must adapt to rhythmically occurring daily changes in their environment that are generated by the Earth's rotation. In the course of evolution, these organisms have acquired an internal circadian timing system that can anticipate environmental oscillations and thereby govern their rhythmic physiology in a proactive manner. In mammals, the circadian timing system coordinates virtually all physiological processes encompassing vigilance states, metabolism, endocrine functions and cardiovascular activity. Research performed during the past two decades has established that almost every cell in the body possesses its own circadian timekeeper. The resulting clock network is organized in a hierarchical manner. A master pacemaker, located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus, is synchronized every day to the photoperiod. In turn, the SCN determines the phase of the cellular clocks in peripheral organs through a wide variety of signalling pathways dependent on feeding cycles, body temperature rhythms, oscillating bloodborne signals and, in some organs, inputs of the peripheral nervous system. A major purpose of circadian clocks in peripheral tissues is the temporal orchestration of key metabolic processes, including food processing (metabolism and xenobiotic detoxification). Here, we review some recent findings regarding the molecular and cellular composition of the circadian timing system and discuss its implications for the temporal coordination of metabolism in health and disease. We focus primarily on metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes, although circadian misalignments (shiftwork or 'social jet lag') have also been associated with the aetiology of human malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Dibner
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Hypertension, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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In vivo investigations of the effect of short- and long-term recombinant growth hormone treatment on DNA-methylation in humans. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120463. [PMID: 25785847 PMCID: PMC4364725 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment with recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) has been consistently reported to induce transcriptional changes in various human tissues including peripheral blood. For other hormones it has been shown that the induction of such transcriptional effects is conferred or at least accompanied by DNA-methylation changes. To analyse effects of short term rhGH treatment on the DNA-methylome we investigated a total of 24 patients at baseline and after 4-day rhGH stimulation. We performed array-based DNA-methylation profiling of paired peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples followed by targeted validation using bisulfite pyrosequencing. Unsupervised analysis of DNA-methylation in this short-term treated cohort revealed clustering according to individuals rather than treatment. Supervised analysis identified 239 CpGs as significantly differentially methylated between baseline and rhGH-stimulated samples (p<0.0001, unadjusted paired t-test), which nevertheless did not retain significance after adjustment for multiple testing. An individualized evaluation strategy led to the identification of 2350 CpG and 3 CpH sites showing methylation differences of at least 10% in more than 2 of the 24 analyzed sample pairs. To investigate the long term effects of rhGH treatment on the DNA-methylome, we analyzed peripheral blood cells from an independent cohort of 36 rhGH treated children born small for gestational age (SGA) as compared to 18 untreated controls. Median treatment interval was 33 months. In line with the groupwise comparison in the short-term treated cohort no differentially methylated targets reached the level of significance in the long-term treated cohort. We identified marked intra-individual responses of DNA-methylation to short-term rhGH treatment. These responses seem to be predominately associated with immunologic functions and show considerable inter-individual heterogeneity. The latter is likely the cause for the lack of a rhGH induced homogeneous DNA-methylation signature after short- and long-term treatment, which nevertheless is well in line with generally assumed safety of rhGH treatment.
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Sookoian S, Pirola CJ. Personalizing care for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients: what are the research priorities? Per Med 2014; 11:735-743. [PMID: 29764046 DOI: 10.2217/pme.14.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common chronic liver disease whose prevalence has reached global epidemic proportions, not only in adults but also in children. From a clinical point of view, NAFLD stems a myriad of challenges to physicians, researchers and patients. In this study, we revise the current knowledge and recent insights on NAFLD pathogenesis and diagnosis in the context of a personalized perspective with special focus on the following issues: noninvasive biomarkers for the evaluation of disease severity and progression, lifestyle-related patients' recommendations, risk prediction of disease by genetic testing, management of NAFLD-associated comorbidities and patient-oriented therapeutic intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Sookoian
- Department of Clinical & Molecular Hepatology, Institute of Medical Research A Lanari-IDIM, University of Buenos Aires - National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos J Pirola
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Biology of Complex Diseases, Institute of Medical Research A Lanari-IDIM, University of Buenos Aires - National Scientific & Technical Research Council (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Jenwitheesuk A, Nopparat C, Mukda S, Wongchitrat P, Govitrapong P. Melatonin regulates aging and neurodegeneration through energy metabolism, epigenetics, autophagy and circadian rhythm pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:16848-84. [PMID: 25247581 PMCID: PMC4200827 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150916848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain aging is linked to certain types of neurodegenerative diseases and identifying new therapeutic targets has become critical. Melatonin, a pineal hormone, associates with molecules and signaling pathways that sense and influence energy metabolism, autophagy, and circadian rhythms, including insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), Forkhead box O (FoxOs), sirtuins and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathways. This review summarizes the current understanding of how melatonin, together with molecular, cellular and systemic energy metabolisms, regulates epigenetic processes in the neurons. This information will lead to a greater understanding of molecular epigenetic aging of the brain and anti-aging mechanisms to increase lifespan under healthy conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anorut Jenwitheesuk
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakornpathom 73170, Thailand.
| | - Chutikorn Nopparat
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakornpathom 73170, Thailand.
| | - Sujira Mukda
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakornpathom 73170, Thailand.
| | - Prapimpun Wongchitrat
- Center for Innovation Development and Technology Transfer, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakornpathom 73170, Thailand.
| | - Piyarat Govitrapong
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakornpathom 73170, Thailand.
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