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Qiyan Zheng, Zhang X, Guo J, Wang Y, Jiang Y, Li S, Liu YN, Liu WJ. JinChan YiShen TongLuo Formula ameliorate mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in diabetic nephropathy through the HIF-1α-PINK1-Parkin pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 328:117863. [PMID: 38325670 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The JinChan YiShen TongLuo (JCYSTL) formula, a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has been used clinically for decades to treat diabetic nephropathy (DN). TCM believes that the core pathogenesis of DN is "kidney deficiency and collateral obstruction," and JCYSTL has the effect of "tonifying kidney and clearing collateral," thus alleviating the damage to kidney structure and function caused by diabetes. From the perspective of modern medicine, mitochondrial damage is an important factor in DN pathogenesis. Our study suggests that the regulation of mitophagy and mitochondrial function by JCYSTL may be one of the internal mechanisms underlying its good clinical efficacy. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying the renoprotective effects of JCYSTL. MATERIALS AND METHODS Unilateral nephrectomy combined with low-dose streptozotocin intraperitoneally injected in a DN rat model and high glucose (HG) plus hypoxia-induced HK-2 cells were used to explore the effects of JCYSTL on the HIF-1α/mitophagy pathway, mitochondrial function and apoptosis. RESULTS JCYSTL treatment significantly decreased albuminuria, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and uric acid levels and increased creatinine clearance levels in DN rats. In vitro, medicated serum containing JCYSTL formula increased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP); improved activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes I, III, and IV; decreased the apoptotic cell percentage and apoptotic protein Bax expression; and increased anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 expression in HG/hypoxia-induced HK-2 cells. The treatment group exhibited increased accumulation of PINK1, Parkin, and LC3-II and reduced P62 levels in HG/hypoxia-induced HK-2 cells, whereas in PINK1 knockdown HK-2 cells, JCYSTL did not improve the HG/hypoxia-induced changes in Parkin, LC3-II, and P62. When mitophagy was impaired by PINK1 knockdown, the inhibitory effect of JCYSTL on Bax and its promoting effect on MMP and Bcl-2 disappeared. The JCYSTL-treated group displayed significantly higher HIF-1α expression than the model group in vivo, which was comparable to the effects of FG-4592 in DN rats. PINK1 knockdown did not affect HIF-1α accumulation in JCYSTL-treated HK-2 cells exposed to HG/hypoxia. Both JCYSTL and FG-4592 ameliorated mitochondrial morphological abnormalities and reduced the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex activity in the renal tubules of DN rats. Mitochondrial apoptosis signals in DN rats, such as increased Bax and Caspase-3 expression and apoptosis ratio, were weakened by JCYSTL or FG-4592 administration. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that the JCYSTL formula activates PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy by stabilizing HIF-1α to protect renal tubules from mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in diabetic conditions, presenting a promising therapy for the treatment of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyan Zheng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Hospital Chinese Medicine Preparation, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China; Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China; Renal Research Institution of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Xueqin Zhang
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Hebei, 050020, China
| | - Jing Guo
- China Academy of Chinese Medicine Science, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yahui Wang
- Fangshan Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102400, China
| | - Yuhua Jiang
- China Academy of Chinese Medicine Science, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Shunmin Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Hospital Chinese Medicine Preparation, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China.
| | - Yu Ning Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China; Renal Research Institution of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Wei Jing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China; Renal Research Institution of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China.
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Petrica L, Gadalean F, Muntean DM, Jianu DC, Vlad D, Dumitrascu V, Bob F, Milas O, Suteanu-Simulescu A, Glavan M, Ursoniu S, Balint L, Mogos-Stefan M, Ienciu S, Cretu OM, Popescu R, Gluhovschi C, Iancu L, Vlad A. Mitochondrial DNA and Inflammation Are Associated with Cerebral Vessel Remodeling and Early Diabetic Kidney Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Biomolecules 2024; 14:499. [PMID: 38672515 PMCID: PMC11048277 DOI: 10.3390/biom14040499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cerebrovascular disease accounts for major neurologic disabilities in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). A potential association of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and inflammation with cerebral vessel remodeling in patients with type 2 DM was evaluated. A cohort of 150 patients and 30 healthy controls were assessed concerning urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR), synaptopodin, podocalyxin, kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), N-acetyl-β-(D)-glucosaminidase (NAG), interleukins IL-17A, IL-18, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). MtDNA-CN and nuclear DNA (nDNA) were quantified in peripheral blood and urine by qRT-PCR. Cytochrome b (CYTB) gene, subunit 2 of NADH dehydrogenase (ND2), and beta 2 microglobulin nuclear gene (B2M) were assessed by TaqMan assays. mtDNA-CN was defined as the ratio of the number of mtDNA/nDNA copies, through analysis of the CYTB/B2M and ND2/B2M ratio; cerebral Doppler ultrasound: intima-media thickness (IMT)-the common carotid arteries (CCAs), the pulsatility index (PI) and resistivity index (RI)- the internal carotid arteries (ICAs) and middle cerebral arteries (MCAs), the breath-holding index (BHI). The results showed direct correlations of CCAs-IMT, PI-ICAs, PI-MCAs, RI-ICAs, RI-MCAs with urinary mtDNA, IL-17A, IL-18, TNFα, ICAM-1, UACR, synaptopodin, podocalyxin, KIM-1, NAG, and indirect correlations with serum mtDNA, IL-10. BHI correlated directly with serum IL-10, and serum mtDNA, and negatively with serum IL-17A, serum ICAM-1, and NAG. In neurologically asymptomatic patients with type 2 DM cerebrovascular remodeling and impaired cerebrovascular reactivity may be associated with mtDNA variations and inflammation from the early stages of diabetic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligia Petrica
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Nephrology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (L.P.); (F.B.); (O.M.); (A.S.-S.); (M.G.); (L.B.); (M.M.-S.); (S.I.); (C.G.); (L.I.)
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.M.M.); (D.C.J.); (D.V.); (V.D.); (S.U.); (R.P.); (A.V.)
- Centre for Cognitive Research in Neuropsychiatric Pathology (Neuropsy-Cog), Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Florica Gadalean
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Nephrology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (L.P.); (F.B.); (O.M.); (A.S.-S.); (M.G.); (L.B.); (M.M.-S.); (S.I.); (C.G.); (L.I.)
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.M.M.); (D.C.J.); (D.V.); (V.D.); (S.U.); (R.P.); (A.V.)
- County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Danina Mirela Muntean
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.M.M.); (D.C.J.); (D.V.); (V.D.); (S.U.); (R.P.); (A.V.)
- Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Functional Sciences III, Division of Pathophysiology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Dragos Catalin Jianu
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.M.M.); (D.C.J.); (D.V.); (V.D.); (S.U.); (R.P.); (A.V.)
- Centre for Cognitive Research in Neuropsychiatric Pathology (Neuropsy-Cog), Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Neurosciences VIII, Division of Neurology I, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Daliborca Vlad
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.M.M.); (D.C.J.); (D.V.); (V.D.); (S.U.); (R.P.); (A.V.)
- County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology IV, Division of Pharmacology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Victor Dumitrascu
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.M.M.); (D.C.J.); (D.V.); (V.D.); (S.U.); (R.P.); (A.V.)
- County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology IV, Division of Pharmacology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Flaviu Bob
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Nephrology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (L.P.); (F.B.); (O.M.); (A.S.-S.); (M.G.); (L.B.); (M.M.-S.); (S.I.); (C.G.); (L.I.)
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.M.M.); (D.C.J.); (D.V.); (V.D.); (S.U.); (R.P.); (A.V.)
- County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Oana Milas
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Nephrology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (L.P.); (F.B.); (O.M.); (A.S.-S.); (M.G.); (L.B.); (M.M.-S.); (S.I.); (C.G.); (L.I.)
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.M.M.); (D.C.J.); (D.V.); (V.D.); (S.U.); (R.P.); (A.V.)
- County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Anca Suteanu-Simulescu
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Nephrology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (L.P.); (F.B.); (O.M.); (A.S.-S.); (M.G.); (L.B.); (M.M.-S.); (S.I.); (C.G.); (L.I.)
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.M.M.); (D.C.J.); (D.V.); (V.D.); (S.U.); (R.P.); (A.V.)
- County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Mihaela Glavan
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Nephrology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (L.P.); (F.B.); (O.M.); (A.S.-S.); (M.G.); (L.B.); (M.M.-S.); (S.I.); (C.G.); (L.I.)
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.M.M.); (D.C.J.); (D.V.); (V.D.); (S.U.); (R.P.); (A.V.)
- County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Sorin Ursoniu
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.M.M.); (D.C.J.); (D.V.); (V.D.); (S.U.); (R.P.); (A.V.)
- Centre for Cognitive Research in Neuropsychiatric Pathology (Neuropsy-Cog), Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Functional Sciences III, Division of Public Health and History of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Lavinia Balint
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Nephrology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (L.P.); (F.B.); (O.M.); (A.S.-S.); (M.G.); (L.B.); (M.M.-S.); (S.I.); (C.G.); (L.I.)
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.M.M.); (D.C.J.); (D.V.); (V.D.); (S.U.); (R.P.); (A.V.)
- County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Maria Mogos-Stefan
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Nephrology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (L.P.); (F.B.); (O.M.); (A.S.-S.); (M.G.); (L.B.); (M.M.-S.); (S.I.); (C.G.); (L.I.)
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.M.M.); (D.C.J.); (D.V.); (V.D.); (S.U.); (R.P.); (A.V.)
- County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Silvia Ienciu
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Nephrology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (L.P.); (F.B.); (O.M.); (A.S.-S.); (M.G.); (L.B.); (M.M.-S.); (S.I.); (C.G.); (L.I.)
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.M.M.); (D.C.J.); (D.V.); (V.D.); (S.U.); (R.P.); (A.V.)
- County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Octavian Marius Cretu
- Department of Surgery I, Division of Surgical Semiology I, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
- Emergency Clinical Municipal Hospital Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Roxana Popescu
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.M.M.); (D.C.J.); (D.V.); (V.D.); (S.U.); (R.P.); (A.V.)
- County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Microscopic Morphology II, Division of Cell and Molecular Biology II, “Victor Babes”, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Cristina Gluhovschi
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Nephrology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (L.P.); (F.B.); (O.M.); (A.S.-S.); (M.G.); (L.B.); (M.M.-S.); (S.I.); (C.G.); (L.I.)
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.M.M.); (D.C.J.); (D.V.); (V.D.); (S.U.); (R.P.); (A.V.)
| | - Lavinia Iancu
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Nephrology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (L.P.); (F.B.); (O.M.); (A.S.-S.); (M.G.); (L.B.); (M.M.-S.); (S.I.); (C.G.); (L.I.)
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.M.M.); (D.C.J.); (D.V.); (V.D.); (S.U.); (R.P.); (A.V.)
- County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Adrian Vlad
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.M.M.); (D.C.J.); (D.V.); (V.D.); (S.U.); (R.P.); (A.V.)
- County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Diabetes, Nutrition, and Metabolic Diseases, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
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Ding W, Yang X, Lai K, Jiang Y, Liu Y. The potential of therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondrial biogenesis for the treatment of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Arch Pharm Res 2024; 47:219-248. [PMID: 38485900 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-024-01490-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a persistent metabolic disorder marked by deficiencies in insulin secretion and/or function, affecting various tissues and organs and leading to numerous complications. Mitochondrial biogenesis, the process by which cells generate new mitochondria utilizing existing ones plays a crucial role in energy homeostasis, glucose metabolism, and lipid handling. Recent evidence suggests that promoting mitochondrial biogenesis can alleviate insulin resistance in the liver, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle while improving pancreatic β-cell function. Moreover, enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis has been shown to ameliorate T2DM symptoms and may contribute to therapeutic effects for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy, cardiomyopathy, retinopathy, and neuropathy. This review summarizes the intricate connection between mitochondrial biogenesis and T2DM, highlighting the potential of novel therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondrial biogenesis for T2DM treatment and its associated complications. It also discusses several natural products that exhibit beneficial effects on T2DM by promoting mitochondrial biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Ding
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Xiaoxue Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Kaiyi Lai
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
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Xiong W, Feng J, Liu Y, Liu J, Fu L, Wang Q, Li X, Li S. ShenQiWan ameliorates renal injury in type 2 diabetic mice by modulating mitochondrial fusion and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1265551. [PMID: 38026991 PMCID: PMC10667480 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1265551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: ShenQiWan is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy, which is closely related to mitochondrial fusion and endoplasmic reticulum stress. This study aimed to investigate the intervention effect and molecular mechanisms of ShenQiWan on renal injury in KKAy mice. Methods: C57BL/6J mice (11 weeks old) were fed a regular diet upon arrival, while KKAy mice (11 weeks old) were fed a high-fat diet upon arrival. At 12 weeks of age, KKAy mice with random blood glucose ≥13.9 mmol/L were identified as diabetic mice and randomly divided into the model group (n = 30) and the treatment group (n = 30), while C57BL/6J mice of 12 weeks old (n = 30) served as the control group. The treatment group received daily aqueous decoction of ShenQiWan (13.5 g/kg), while the control group and model group received daily equal amounts of saline from 12 weeks old to 24 weeks old. The general status of mice was observed regularly, and fasting blood glucose and 24-hour urine microalbumin were measured. Ten mice were euthanized in each group at the age of 16, 20, and 24 weeks, serum samples were used for biochemical indexes and kidney tissues were used for morphological studies. GRP78, OPA1, MFN1, MFN2 mRNA and protein expression were detected by Real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Results: The mice in the model group exhibited symptoms of lethargy, slow movement, obesity, polyuria and proteinuria. Morphological observation revealed pathological changes, including thickening of the glomerular basement membrane and interstitial fibrosis. After treatment with ShenQiWan, the fasting blood glucose level of KKAy mice was significantly reduced, urinary albuminuria was decreased, serum biochemical indexes were improved, renal tissue pathological changes were significantly alleviated. The results also showed a significant reduction in the expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related factor GRP78 and an increase in the expression of mitochondrial fusion-related factors OPA1, MFN1 and MFN2 after treatment with ShenQiWan. Conclusion: ShenQiWan can protect diabetic mice from renal damage by modulating mitochondrial fusion and alleviating endoplasmic reticulum stress, exerting its protective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Xia Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyu Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Petrica L, Vlad A, Gadalean F, Muntean DM, Vlad D, Dumitrascu V, Bob F, Milas O, Suteanu-Simulescu A, Glavan M, Jianu DC, Ursoniu S, Balint L, Mogos-Stefan M, Ienciu S, Cretu OM, Popescu R. Mitochondrial DNA Changes in Blood and Urine Display a Specific Signature in Relation to Inflammation in Normoalbuminuric Diabetic Kidney Disease in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9803. [PMID: 37372951 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is an important mechanism contributing to the development and progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) levels in blood and urine were evaluated in relation to podocyte injury and proximal tubule (PT) dysfunction, as well as to a specific inflammatory response in normoalbuminuric DKD. A total of 150 type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients (52 normoalbuminuric, 48 microalbuminuric, and 50 macroalbuminuric ones, respectively) and 30 healthy controls were assessed concerning the urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR), biomarkers of podocyte damage (synaptopodin and podocalyxin), PT dysfunction (kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) and N-acetyl-β-(D)-glucosaminidase (NAG)), and inflammation (serum and urinary interleukins (IL-17A, IL-18, and IL-10)). MtDNA-CN and nuclear DNA (nDNA) were quantified in peripheral blood and urine via qRT-PCR. MtDNA-CN was defined as the ratio of the number of mtDNA/nDNA copies via analysis of the CYTB/B2M and ND2/B2M ratio. Multivariable regression analysis provided models in which serum mtDNA directly correlated with IL-10 and indirectly correlated with UACR, IL-17A, and KIM-1 (R2 = 0.626; p < 0.0001). Urinary mtDNA directly correlated with UACR, podocalyxin, IL-18, and NAG, and negatively correlated with eGFR and IL-10 (R2 = 0.631; p < 0.0001). Mitochondrial DNA changes in serum and urine display a specific signature in relation to inflammation both at the podocyte and tubular levels in normoalbuminuric type 2 DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligia Petrica
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Nephrology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Centre for Cognitive Research in Neuropsychiatric Pathology (Neuropsy-Cog), Faculty of Medicine, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Adrian Vlad
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Florica Gadalean
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Nephrology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Danina Mirela Muntean
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Functional Sciences III, Division of Pathophysiology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Daliborca Vlad
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology IV, Division of Pharmacology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Victor Dumitrascu
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology IV, Division of Pharmacology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Flaviu Bob
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Nephrology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Oana Milas
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Nephrology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Anca Suteanu-Simulescu
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Nephrology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Mihaela Glavan
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Nephrology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Dragos Catalin Jianu
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Centre for Cognitive Research in Neuropsychiatric Pathology (Neuropsy-Cog), Faculty of Medicine, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Neurosciences VIII, Division of Neurology I, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Sorin Ursoniu
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Centre for Cognitive Research in Neuropsychiatric Pathology (Neuropsy-Cog), Faculty of Medicine, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Functional Sciences III, Division of Public Health and Health and History of Medicine, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Lavinia Balint
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Nephrology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Maria Mogos-Stefan
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Nephrology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Silvia Ienciu
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Nephrology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Octavian Marius Cretu
- Department of Surgery I, Division of Surgical Semiology I, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Emergency Clinical Municipal Hospital Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Roxana Popescu
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Microscopic Morphology II, Division of Cell and Molecular Biology II, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
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6
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Srivastava A, Tomar B, Sharma D, Rath SK. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress: Role in chronic kidney disease. Life Sci 2023; 319:121432. [PMID: 36706833 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with a variety of distinct disease processes that permanently change the function and structure of the kidney across months or years. CKD is characterized as a glomerular filtration defect or proteinuria that lasts longer than three months. In most instances, CKD leads to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), necessitating kidney transplantation. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a typical response to damage in CKD patients. Despite the abundance of mitochondria in the kidneys, variations in mitochondrial morphological and functional characteristics have been associated with kidney inflammatory responses and injury during CKD. Despite these variations, CKD is frequently used to define some classic signs of mitochondrial dysfunction, including altered mitochondrial shape and remodeling, increased mitochondrial oxidative stress, and a marked decline in mitochondrial biogenesis and ATP generation. With a focus on the most significant developments and novel understandings of the involvement of mitochondrial remodeling in the course of CKD, this article offers a summary of the most recent advances in the sources of procured mitochondrial dysfunction in the advancement of CKD. Understanding mitochondrial biology and function is crucial for developing viable treatment options for CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Srivastava
- Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Bhawna Tomar
- Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Divyansh Sharma
- Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Srikanta Kumar Rath
- Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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7
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Liu J, Duan G, Yang W, Zhang S, Liu F, Peng Y, Sun L, Liu Y, Xiao L. Identification of transcription factors related to diabetic tubulointerstitial injury. J Transl Med 2023; 21:228. [PMID: 36978091 PMCID: PMC10053902 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04069-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a main cause of chronic renal failure. Despite decades of extensive study, the molecular mechanisms underlying diabetic tubulointerstitial injury remain unclear. We aim to identify key transcription factor genes involved in diabetic tubulointerstitial injury. METHODS A microarray dataset (GSE30122) from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) was downloaded. A total of 38 transcription factor genes based on 166 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by UCSC_TFBS. RESULTS The regulatory network showed connections between the top 10 transcription factors and their target DEGs. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis of targeted DEGs indicated that extracellular space, extracellular exosome, cell surface and complement and coagulation cascades were most significantly enriched. Utilizing Nephroseq v5 online platform, the mRNA expression pattern analysis of transcription factor genes demonstrated that mRNA expression of CDC5, CEBPA, FAC1, HFH1, IRF1, NFE2 and TGIF1 increased in renal tubulointerstitium of DN patients compared with normal controls while that of CEBPB and FOXO4 decreased in renal tubulointerstitium of DN patients compared with normal controls. Correlation analysis between mRNA expression of transcription factor genes in renal tubulointerstitium and clinical features showed that AP1, BACH1, CDC5, FAC1, FOXD1, FOXJ2, FOXO1, FOXO4, HFH1, IRF1, POU3F2, SOX5, SOX9, RSRFC4, S8 and TGIF1 may be related to diabetic tubulointerstitial injury. CONCLUSIONS (1) CDC5, FAC1, FOXO4, HFH1, IRF1 and TGIF1 may be key transcription factor genes. (2)Transcription factors involved in diabetic tubulointerstitial injury may become prospective targets for diagnosis and treatment of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialu Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Guangzhong Duan
- Hunan Communication Polytechnic, Changsha, 410132, Hunan, China
| | - Wenxia Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Shumin Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Fuyou Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Youming Peng
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Li Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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8
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Das S, Gnanasambandan R. Intestinal microbiome diversity of diabetic and non-diabetic kidney disease: Current status and future perspective. Life Sci 2023; 316:121414. [PMID: 36682521 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A significant portion of the health burden of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is caused by both type 1 and type 2 diabetes which leads to morbidity and mortality globally. It is one of the most common diabetic complications characterized by loss of renal function with high prevalence, often leading to acute kidney disease (AKD). Inflammation triggered by gut microbiota is commonly associated with the development of DKD. Interactions between the gut microbiota and the host are correlated in maintaining metabolic and inflammatory homeostasis. However, the fundamental processes through which the gut microbiota affects the onset and progression of DKD are mainly unknown. In this narrative review, we summarised the potential role of the gut microbiome, their pathogenicity between diabetic and non-diabetic kidney disease (NDKD), and their impact on host immunity. A well-established association has already been seen between gut microbiota, diabetes and kidney disease. The gut-kidney interrelationship is confirmed by mounting evidence linking gut dysbiosis to DKD, however, it is still unclear what is the real cause of gut dysbiosis, the development of DKD, and its progression. In addition, we also try to distinguish novel biomarkers for early detection of DKD and the possible therapies that can be used to regulate the gut microbiota and improve the host immune response. This early detection and new therapies will help clinicians for better management of the disease and help improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumik Das
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Ramanathan Gnanasambandan
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India.
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Cleveland KH, Schnellmann RG. Pharmacological Targeting of Mitochondria in Diabetic Kidney Disease. Pharmacol Rev 2023; 75:250-262. [PMID: 36781216 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.122.000560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in the United States and many other countries. DKD occurs through a variety of pathogenic processes that are in part driven by hyperglycemia and glomerular hypertension, leading to gradual loss of kidney function and eventually progressing to ESRD. In type 2 diabetes, chronic hyperglycemia and glomerular hyperfiltration leads to glomerular and proximal tubular dysfunction. Simultaneously, mitochondrial dysfunction occurs in the early stages of hyperglycemia and has been identified as a key event in the development of DKD. Clinical management for DKD relies primarily on blood pressure and glycemic control through the use of numerous therapeutics that slow disease progression. Because mitochondrial function is key for renal health over time, therapeutics that improve mitochondrial function could be of value in different renal diseases. Increasing evidence supports the idea that targeting aspects of mitochondrial dysfunction, such as mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics, restores mitochondrial function and improves renal function in DKD. We will review mitochondrial function in DKD and the effects of current and experimental therapeutics on mitochondrial biogenesis and homeostasis in DKD over time. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) affects 20% to 40% of patients with diabetes and has limited treatment options. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been identified as a key event in the progression of DKD, and pharmacologically restoring mitochondrial function in the early stages of DKD may be a potential therapeutic strategy in preventing disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristan H Cleveland
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona (K.H.C., R.G.S.) and Southern VA Healthcare System, Tucson, Arizona (R.G.S.)
| | - Rick G Schnellmann
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona (K.H.C., R.G.S.) and Southern VA Healthcare System, Tucson, Arizona (R.G.S.)
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10
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Comparison of Local Metabolic Changes in Diabetic Rodent Kidneys Using Mass Spectrometry Imaging. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13030324. [PMID: 36984764 PMCID: PMC10060001 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13030324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the renal region-specific metabolic alteration in different animal models of diabetic nephropathy (DN) is critical for uncovering the underlying mechanisms and for developing effective treatments. In the present study, spatially resolved metabolomics based on air flow-assisted desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (AFADESI-MSI) was used to compare the local metabolic changes in the kidneys of HFD/STZ-induced diabetic rats and db/db mice. As a result, a total of 67 and 59 discriminating metabolites were identified and visualized in the kidneys of the HFD/STZ-induced diabetic rats and db/db mice, respectively. The result showed that there were significant region-specific changes in the glycolysis, TCA cycle, lipid metabolism, carnitine metabolism, choline metabolism, and purine metabolism in both DN models. However, the regional levels of the ten metabolites, including glucose, AMP, eicosenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, Phosphatidylserine (36:1), Phosphatidylserine (36:4), Phosphatidylethanolamine (34:1), Phosphatidylethanolamine (36:4), Phosphatidylcholine (34:2), Phosphatidylinositol (38:5) were changed in reversed directions, indicating significant differences in the local metabolic phenotypes of these two commonly used DN animal models. This study provides comprehensive and in-depth analysis of the differences in the tissue and molecular pathological features in diabetic kidney injury in HFD/STZ-induced diabetic rats and db/db mice.
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11
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Cui QQ, Li XM, Xie Y. Study on the mechanism of warming yang and reducing turbidity decoction in the treatment of diabetic kidney disease based on network pharmacology. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e30728. [PMID: 36181090 PMCID: PMC9524955 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000030728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of warming yang and reducing turbidity decoction in the treatment of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) by network pharmacology. The active components and corresponding targets of warming yang and reducing turbidity decoction were screened through the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology database, DKD-related targets were obtained from Genecard and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man databases, and drug-disease common targets were screened through Venny online website. Then we used STRING and Cytoscape software to analyze and perform protein-protein interaction network, and used CytoNCA plug-in to perform topological analysis to screen out the core target. We used RStudio to performed gene ontology (GO) functional enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis. One hundred one active components in warming yang and reducing turbidity decoction participated in the regulation of the body's response to foreign bodies, lipopolysaccharides, metal ions, ketone bodies, hypoxia and oxidative stress by regulating 186 targets related to DKD, and played a role in the treatment of DKD by interfering with pathways such as interfered with lipids and atherosclerosis, PI3K-Akt, fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis, AGE-RAGE and cell senescence. It was implied that warming yang and reducing turbidity decoction had the features of multi components, multi targets and multi pathways in the treatment of DKD, which might create methods and directions for further verification of the molecular mechanism of warming yang and reducing turbidity decoction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan-Qing Cui
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Gaozhou People’s Hospital, Gaozhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xian-Min Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Gaozhou People’s Hospital, Gaozhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ying Xie
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- *Correspondence: Ying Xie, Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 1055, Sanxiang Road, Suzhou 215008, Jiangsu Province, China (e-mail: )
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12
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Langlo KAR, Lundgren KM, Zanaboni P, Mo R, Ellingsen Ø, Hallan SI, Aksetøy ILA, Dalen H. Cardiorenal syndrome and the association with fitness: Data from a telerehabilitation randomized clinical trial. ESC Heart Fail 2022; 9:2215-2224. [PMID: 35615893 PMCID: PMC9288747 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.13985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims To investigate the associations of cardiorespiratory fitness with cardiac, vascular, renal and cardiorenal characteristics in chronic heart failure in a telerehabilitation randomized clinical trial. Secondly, to evaluate the associations of cardiorenal syndrome with the effects of exercise. Methods and results Sixty‐nine heart failure patients attended baseline examination, and 61 patients were randomly assigned 1:1 to 3‐month telerehabilitation or control. Data were collected at baseline and 3‐month post‐intervention, including echocardiography and vascular ultrasound, laboratory tests, exercise test with peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) measurement and 6‐min walk test (6MWT). Baseline VO2peak and 6MWT distance was 0.85 mL*min−1*kg−1 lower and 20 m shorter per 10 mL/min/1.73m2 lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (both P < 0.001). Heart failure patients with cardiorenal syndrome had 3.5 (1.1) mL*min−1*kg−1 lower VO2peak and diastolic dysfunction grade 2–3, and elevated filling pressure was >50% more common compared with those without (all P < 0.05). At the 3‐month post‐intervention follow‐up, only the non‐CRS patients in the intervention group increased VO2peak (0.73 (0.51) mL*min−1*kg−1), whereas VO2peak in the CRS subpopulation of controls decreased (−1.34 (0.43) mL*min−1*kg−1). Cardiorenal syndrome was associated with a decrease in VO2peak in CRS patients compared with non‐CRS patients, −0.91 (0.31) vs. 0.39 (0.35) mL*min−1*kg−1 respectively, P = 0.013. Conclusions Cardiorenal syndrome was negatively associated with VO2peak and 6MWT distance in chronic HF, and the associations were stronger than for heart failure phenotypes and other characteristics. The effect of exercise was negatively associated with cardiorenal syndrome. Exercise seems to be as important in heart failure patients with cardiorenal syndrome, and future studies should include CRS patients to reveal the most beneficial type of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Knut Asbjørn Rise Langlo
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Nephrology, Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kari Margrethe Lundgren
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Physiotherapy, Clinic of Clinical Services, St. Olavs hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Paolo Zanaboni
- Norwegian Centre for E-health Research, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromso, Norway.,Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
| | - Rune Mo
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Clinic of Cardiology, St. Olavs hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Øyvind Ellingsen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Clinic of Cardiology, St. Olavs hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Stein Ivar Hallan
- Department of Nephrology, Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Inger-Lise Aamot Aksetøy
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Physiotherapy, Clinic of Clinical Services, St. Olavs hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Håvard Dalen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Clinic of Cardiology, St. Olavs hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Medicine, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
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13
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The NADH-ubiquinone reductase and succinate dehydrogenase activity in the rat kidney mitochondria under the conditions of different protein and sucrose content in the diet. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.15407/ubj94.01.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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14
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Aparicio-Trejo OE, Aranda-Rivera AK, Osorio-Alonso H, Martínez-Klimova E, Sánchez-Lozada LG, Pedraza-Chaverri J, Tapia E. Extracellular Vesicles in Redox Signaling and Metabolic Regulation in Chronic Kidney Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020356. [PMID: 35204238 PMCID: PMC8868440 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a world health problem increasing dramatically. The onset of CKD is driven by several mechanisms; among them, metabolic reprogramming and changes in redox signaling play critical roles in the advancement of inflammation and the subsequent fibrosis, common pathologies observed in all forms of CKD. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived membrane packages strongly associated with cell-cell communication since they transfer several biomolecules that serve as mediators in redox signaling and metabolic reprogramming in the recipient cells. Recent studies suggest that EVs, especially exosomes, the smallest subtype of EVs, play a fundamental role in spreading renal injury in CKD. Therefore, this review summarizes the current information about EVs and their cargos’ participation in metabolic reprogramming and mitochondrial impairment in CKD and their role in redox signaling changes. Finally, we analyze the effects of these EV-induced changes in the amplification of inflammatory and fibrotic processes in the progression of CKD. Furthermore, the data suggest that the identification of the signaling pathways involved in the release of EVs and their cargo under pathological renal conditions can allow the identification of new possible targets of injury spread, with the goal of preventing CKD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Emiliano Aparicio-Trejo
- Departamento de Fisiopatología Cardio-Renal, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Ana Karina Aranda-Rivera
- Laboratorio F-315, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Horacio Osorio-Alonso
- Departamento de Fisiopatología Cardio-Renal, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Elena Martínez-Klimova
- Laboratorio F-315, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Laura Gabriela Sánchez-Lozada
- Departamento de Fisiopatología Cardio-Renal, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Laboratorio F-315, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Edilia Tapia
- Departamento de Fisiopatología Cardio-Renal, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico City 14080, Mexico
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15
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Mima A. Mitochondria-targeted drugs for diabetic kidney disease. Heliyon 2022; 8:e08878. [PMID: 35265754 PMCID: PMC8899696 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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16
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Aranda-Rivera AK, Srivastava A, Cruz-Gregorio A, Pedraza-Chaverri J, Mulay SR, Scholze A. Involvement of Inflammasome Components in Kidney Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020246. [PMID: 35204131 PMCID: PMC8868482 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes with an important role in the innate immune response. Canonical activation of inflammasomes results in caspase-1 activation and maturation of cytokines interleukin-1β and -18. These cytokines can elicit their effects through receptor activation, both locally within a certain tissue and systemically. Animal models of kidney diseases have shown inflammasome involvement in inflammation, pyroptosis and fibrosis. In particular, the inflammasome component nucleotide-binding domain-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) and related canonical mechanisms have been investigated. However, it has become increasingly clear that other inflammasome components are also of importance in kidney disease. Moreover, it is becoming obvious that the range of molecular interaction partners of inflammasome components in kidney diseases is wide. This review provides insights into these current areas of research, with special emphasis on the interaction of inflammasome components and redox signalling, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and mitochondrial function. We present our findings separately for acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. As we strictly divided the results into preclinical and clinical data, this review enables comparison of results from those complementary research specialities. However, it also reveals that knowledge gaps exist, especially in clinical acute kidney injury inflammasome research. Furthermore, patient comorbidities and treatments seem important drivers of inflammasome component alterations in human kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Karina Aranda-Rivera
- Laboratory F-315, Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (A.K.A.-R.); (A.C.-G.); (J.P.-C.)
| | - Anjali Srivastava
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; (A.S.); (S.R.M.)
| | - Alfredo Cruz-Gregorio
- Laboratory F-315, Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (A.K.A.-R.); (A.C.-G.); (J.P.-C.)
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Laboratory F-315, Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (A.K.A.-R.); (A.C.-G.); (J.P.-C.)
| | - Shrikant R. Mulay
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; (A.S.); (S.R.M.)
| | - Alexandra Scholze
- Department of Nephrology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark, and Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
- Correspondence:
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17
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Joaquim L, Faria A, Loureiro H, Matafome P. Benefits, mechanisms, and risks of intermittent fasting in metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. J Physiol Biochem 2022; 78:295-305. [PMID: 34985730 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-021-00839-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
One of the emergent nutritional strategies for improving multiple features of cardiometabolic diseases is the practice of intermittent fasting (IF), which consists of alternating periods of eating and fasting. IF can reduce circulating glucose and insulin levels, fat mass, and the risk of developing age-related pathologies. IF appears to upregulate evolution-conserved adaptive cellular responses, such as stress-response pathways, autophagy, and mitochondrial function. IF was also observed to modulate the circadian rhythms of hormones like insulin or leptin, among others, which levels change in conditions of food abundance and deficit. However, some contradictory results regarding the duration of the interventions and the anterior metabolic status of the participants suggest that more and longer studies are needed in order to draw conclusions. This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding the role of IF in the modulation of mechanisms involved in type 2 diabetes, as well as the risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisandra Joaquim
- Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, Coimbra Health School (ESTeSC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Faria
- Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, Coimbra Health School (ESTeSC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Helena Loureiro
- Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, Coimbra Health School (ESTeSC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paulo Matafome
- Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, Coimbra Health School (ESTeSC), Coimbra, Portugal.
- Institute of Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Subunit 1, 1st floor, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-354, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Clinical Academic Center, Coimbra, Portugal.
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18
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Audzeyenka I, Bierżyńska A, Lay AC. Podocyte Bioenergetics in the Development of Diabetic Nephropathy: The Role of Mitochondria. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6429716. [PMID: 34791124 PMCID: PMC8660556 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of kidney failure, with an increasing incidence worldwide. Mitochondrial dysfunction is known to occur in DN and has been implicated in the underlying pathogenesis of disease. These complex organelles have an array of important cellular functions and involvement in signaling pathways, and understanding the intricacies of these responses in health, as well as how they are damaged in disease, is likely to highlight novel therapeutic avenues. A key cell type damaged early in DN is the podocyte, and increasing studies have focused on investigating the role of mitochondria in podocyte injury. This review will summarize what is known about podocyte mitochondrial dynamics in DN, with a particular focus on bioenergetic pathways, highlighting key studies in this field and potential opportunities to target, enhance or protect podocyte mitochondrial function in the treatment of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Audzeyenka
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Gdańsk, Poland
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
- Correspondence: Irena Audzeyenka, PhD, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wita Stwosza St. 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Bierżyńska
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Abigail C Lay
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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19
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Zhloba AA, Subbotina TF. Homoarginine test for evaluation of metabolic renal dysfunction. Klin Lab Diagn 2021; 66:709-717. [PMID: 35020282 DOI: 10.51620/0869-2084-2021-66-12-709-717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Low plasma L-homoarginine (hArg) concentration is an independent predictor of adverse cardiovascular outcomes and overall mortality, as well as the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The enzyme L-arginine:glycinamidinotransferase (AGAT, EC 2.1.4.1) acts in the mitochondrial membrane of the renal tubular epithelium, forming the precursor of creatine, guanidinoacetic acid, and additionnaly by-product hArg. As it was shown recently, there is a decreased level of hArg in the late stages of CKD, however, the the level of hArg in the early stages of CKD remained unexplored. The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic threshold levels of hArg in the blood of patients with stages 1 and 2 of CKD. In patients with the initial stages of CKD (n = 44) at the age of 58 (45-67) years, compared with the group of donors of 55 (42-58) years (n = 30), a significant decrease of hArg level was found. In the subgroup with stage CKD 2, the cut-off point of 1.59 μM threshold was characterized by greater sensitivity and specificity than in the subgroup with stage CKD 1 with 1.66 μM threshold level of hArg. For the full group, the hArg cut-off threshold was 1.60 μM, which is about to 0.2 μM lower than the lower limit of the reference interval for healthy individuals. It can be assumed that even before the formation of symptoms of proteinuria and albuminuria, a significant part of individuals from population cohort develops a state of decreased AGAT activity, since the expression of this enzyme is associated with a certain regulatory feedback inhibition at the body level. As a result of the study, it can be noted that in patients with early stages of CKD in the age group 45-67 years, there is a disturbance of the kidneys metabolic function. These metabolic changes can be detected by testing the level of hArg.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Zhloba
- Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University of Minzdrav of Russia
| | - T F Subbotina
- Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University of Minzdrav of Russia
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20
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Spatial-resolved metabolomics reveals tissue-specific metabolic reprogramming in diabetic nephropathy by using mass spectrometry imaging. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:3665-3677. [PMID: 34900545 PMCID: PMC8642449 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Detailed knowledge on tissue-specific metabolic reprogramming in diabetic nephropathy (DN) is vital for more accurate understanding the molecular pathological signature and developing novel therapeutic strategies. In the present study, a spatial-resolved metabolomics approach based on air flow-assisted desorption electrospray ionization (AFADESI) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) integrated mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) was proposed to investigate tissue-specific metabolic alterations in the kidneys of high-fat diet-fed and streptozotocin (STZ)-treated DN rats and the therapeutic effect of astragaloside IV, a potential anti-diabetic drug, against DN. As a result, a wide range of functional metabolites including sugars, amino acids, nucleotides and their derivatives, fatty acids, phospholipids, sphingolipids, glycerides, carnitine and its derivatives, vitamins, peptides, and metal ions associated with DN were identified and their unique distribution patterns in the rat kidney were visualized with high chemical specificity and high spatial resolution. These region-specific metabolic disturbances were ameliorated by repeated oral administration of astragaloside IV (100 mg/kg) for 12 weeks. This study provided more comprehensive and detailed information about the tissue-specific metabolic reprogramming and molecular pathological signature in the kidney of diabetic rats. These findings highlighted the promising potential of AFADESI and MALDI integrated MSI based metabolomics approach for application in metabolic kidney diseases.
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Key Words
- ADP, adenosine diphosphate
- AFADESI, air flow-assisted desorption electrospray ionization
- AGEs, advanced glycation end products
- AMP, adenosine monophosphate
- AMPK, adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase
- AST, astragaloside IV
- ATP, adenosine triphosphate
- Astragaloside IV
- BUN, blood urea nitrogen
- CL, cardiolipin
- Cre, creatinine
- DAG, diacylglycerol
- DESI, desorption electrospray ionization
- DM, diabetes mellitus
- DN, diabetic nephropathy
- DPA, docosapentaenoic acid
- Diabetic nephropathy
- ESKD, end-stage kidney disease
- FBG, fasting blood glucose
- GLU, glucose
- GMP, guanosine monophosphate
- GSH, glutathione
- H&E, hematoxylin and eosin
- HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography
- HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin
- LysoPC, lysophosphatidylcholine
- LysoPG, lysophosphatidylglycerol
- MALDI, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization
- MS, mass spectrometry
- MSI, mass spectrometry imaging
- Mass spectrometry imaging
- Metabolic reprogramming
- NMR, nuclear magnetic resonance
- Na-CMC, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose
- PA, phosphatidic acid
- PC, phosphatidylcholine
- PE, phosphatidylethanolamine
- PG, phosphatidylglycerol
- PPP, pentose phosphate pathway
- PS, phosphatidylserine
- PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids
- ROI, regions of interest
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SDH, succinate dehydrogenase
- SGLTs, sodium-glucose cotransporters
- SM, sphingomyelin
- STZ, streptozotocin
- Spatial-resolved metabolomics
- TCA, tricarboxylic acid
- TCHO, total cholesterol
- TG, triglyceride
- UMP, uridine monophosphate
- VIP, variable importance in projection
- p-AMPK, phosphorylated adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase
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21
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Liu H, Sridhar VS, Montemayor D, Lovblom LE, Lytvyn Y, Ye H, Kim J, Ali MT, Scarr D, Lawler PR, Perkins BA, Sharma K, Cherney DZI. Changes in plasma and urine metabolites associated with empagliflozin in patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 2021; 23:2466-2475. [PMID: 34251085 DOI: 10.1111/dom.14489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM To examine the impact of the sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor, empagliflozin, on plasma and urine metabolites in participants with type 1 diabetes. MATERIAL AND METHODS Participants (n = 40, 50% male, mean age 24.3 years) with type 1 diabetes and without overt evidence of diabetic kidney disease had baseline assessments performed under clamped euglycaemia and hyperglycaemia, on two consecutive days. Participants then proceeded to an 8-week, open-label treatment period with empagliflozin 25 mg/day, followed by repeat assessments under clamped euglycaemia and hyperglycaemia. Plasma and urine metabolites were first grouped into metabolic pathways using MetaboAnalyst software. Principal component analysis was performed to create a representative value for each sufficiently represented metabolic group (false discovery rate ≤ 0.1) for further analysis. RESULTS Of the plasma metabolite groups, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle (P < .0001), biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids (P = .0045), butanoate (P < .0001), propanoate (P = .0053), and alanine, aspartate and glutamate (P < .0050) metabolites were increased after empagliflozin treatment under clamped euglycaemia. Of the urine metabolite groups, only butanoate metabolites (P = .0005) were significantly increased. Empagliflozin treatment also attenuated the increase in a number of urine metabolites observed with acute hyperglycaemia. CONCLUSIONS Empagliflozin was associated with increased lipid and TCA cycle metabolites in participants with type 1 diabetes, suggesting a shift in metabolic substrate use and improved mitochondrial function. These effects result in more efficient energy production and may contribute to end-organ protection by alleviating local hypoxia and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Liu
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, UHN, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, UHN, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vikas S Sridhar
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, UHN, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, UHN, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel Montemayor
- Center for Renal Precision Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Leif Erik Lovblom
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yuliya Lytvyn
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, UHN, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hongping Ye
- Center for Renal Precision Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Jiwan Kim
- Center for Renal Precision Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Mir Tariq Ali
- Center for Renal Precision Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Daniel Scarr
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patrick R Lawler
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Cardiology and Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bruce A Perkins
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kumar Sharma
- Center for Renal Precision Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - David Z I Cherney
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, UHN, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, UHN, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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22
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Jia Q, Han L, Zhang X, Yang W, Gao Y, Shen Y, Li B, Wang S, Qin M, Lowe S, Qin J, Hao G. Tongluo Yishen Decoction Ameliorates Renal Fibrosis via Regulating Mitochondrial Dysfunction Induced by Oxidative Stress in Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction Rats. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:762756. [PMID: 34712143 PMCID: PMC8545824 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.762756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tongluo Yishen (TLYS) decoction is an herb that is extensively applied for the treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in traditional Chinese medicine. In this study, 37 different dominant chemical constituents of TLYS were identified. Rats with unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) were used as animal models, and TLYS decoction was administered orally for 14 days. TLYS decoction reduced the levels of renal function indicators, serum creatinine levels and blood urea nitrogen levels and alleviated renal pathological changes. Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway analyses of RNA sequencing data showed that TLYS decoction had significant effects on biological processes, cellular components and molecular functions in UUO rats and that the phagosome (a membrane source in the early stages of autophagy), lysosome (an important component of autolysosome), and oxidation pathways (which contribute to mitochondrial function) might be related to the antifibrotic effects of TLYS decoction. Moreover, we found significant mitochondrial function impairment, including a decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and an imbalance in mitochondrial dynamics, excessive oxidative stress, and activation of Pink1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy in UUO rats. Treatment with TLYS decoction significantly increased the MMP, normalized mitochondrial dynamics and ameliorated renal injury. Moreover, TLYS alleviated the mitophagy clearance deficiency. In conclusion, our study showed that TLYS decoction can ameliorate mitochondrial dynamics by reducing oxidative stress and regulating mitophagy, thereby relieving renal injury, protecting renal function, and reducing renal fibrosis. This study provides support for the application of and further research on TLYS decoction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Jia
- Department of Nephropathy, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Han
- School of Basic Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of Nephropathy, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wenning Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yushan Gao
- School of Basic Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yifan Shen
- Emergency Department, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shang Hai, China
| | - Bing Li
- Beijing First Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyan Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Mingzhen Qin
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Scott Lowe
- Kansas City University of Medicine and Biosciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Jianguo Qin
- Department of Nephropathy, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Gaimei Hao
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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23
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Yan LJ, Allen DC. Cadmium-Induced Kidney Injury: Oxidative Damage as a Unifying Mechanism. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1575. [PMID: 34827573 PMCID: PMC8615899 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadmium is a nonessential metal that has heavily polluted the environment due to human activities. It can be absorbed into the human body via the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, and the skin, and can cause chronic damage to the kidneys. The main site where cadmium accumulates and causes damage within the nephrons is the proximal tubule. This accumulation can induce dysfunction of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, leading to electron leakage and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Cadmium may also impair the function of NADPH oxidase, resulting in another source of ROS. These ROS together can cause oxidative damage to DNA, proteins, and lipids, triggering epithelial cell death and a decline in kidney function. In this article, we also reviewed evidence that the antioxidant power of plant extracts, herbal medicines, and pharmacological agents could ameliorate cadmium-induced kidney injury. Finally, a model of cadmium-induced kidney injury, centering on the notion that oxidative damage is a unifying mechanism of cadmium renal toxicity, is also presented. Given that cadmium exposure is inevitable, further studies using animal models are warranted for a detailed understanding of the mechanism underlying cadmium induced ROS production, and for the identification of more therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Jun Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA;
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24
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Zhang M, Zhang Y, Wu M, Li Z, Li X, Liu Z, Hu W, Liu H, Li X. Importance of urinary mitochondrial DNA in diagnosis and prognosis of kidney diseases. Mitochondrion 2021; 61:174-178. [PMID: 34673260 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial injury plays an important role in the occurrence and development of kidney diseases. However, the existing assays to determine mitochondrial function restrict our ability to understand the relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and kidney damage. These limitations may be overcome by recent findings on urinary mitochondrial DNA (UmtDNA). Elevated UmtDNA level may serve as a surrogate biomarker of mitochondrial dysfunction, kidney damage, and progression and prognosis of kidney diseases. Herein, we review the recent research progress on UmtDNA in kidney diseases diagnosis and highlight the research areas that should be expanded in future as well as discuss the future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjie Zhang
- Institute of Nephrology, and Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Yaozhi Zhang
- Institute of Nephrology, and Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Man Wu
- Institute of Nephrology, and Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Zixian Li
- Institute of Nephrology, and Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Xingyu Li
- Institute of Nephrology, and Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Zejian Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, and Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Wenwen Hu
- Institute of Nephrology, and Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Huafeng Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, and Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Institute of Nephrology, and Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China.
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25
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Audzeyenka I, Rachubik P, Typiak M, Kulesza T, Topolewska A, Rogacka D, Angielski S, Saleem MA, Piwkowska A. Hyperglycemia alters mitochondrial respiration efficiency and mitophagy in human podocytes. Exp Cell Res 2021; 407:112758. [PMID: 34437881 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Podocytes constitute the outer layer of the renal glomerular filtration barrier. Their energy requirements strongly depend on efficient oxidative respiration, which is tightly connected with mitochondrial dynamics. We hypothesized that hyperglycemia modulates energy metabolism in glomeruli and podocytes and contributes to the development of diabetic kidney disease. We found that oxygen consumption rates were severely reduced in glomeruli from diabetic rats and in human podocytes that were cultured in high glucose concentration (30 mM; HG). In these models, all of the mitochondrial respiratory parameters, including basal and maximal respiration, ATP production, and spare respiratory capacity, were significantly decreased. Podocytes that were treated with HG showed a fragmented mitochondrial network, together with a decrease in expression of the mitochondrial fusion markers MFN1, MFN2, and OPA1, and an increase in the activity of the fission marker DRP1. We showed that markers of mitochondrial biogenesis, such as PGC-1α and TFAM, decreased in HG-treated podocytes. Moreover, PINK1/parkin-dependent mitophagy was inhibited in these cells. These results provide evidence that hyperglycemia impairs mitochondrial dynamics and turnover, which may underlie the remarkable deterioration of mitochondrial respiration parameters in glomeruli and podocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Audzeyenka
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wita Stwosza St. 63, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland; Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza St. 63, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Patrycja Rachubik
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wita Stwosza St. 63, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marlena Typiak
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wita Stwosza St. 63, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kulesza
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wita Stwosza St. 63, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Anna Topolewska
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wita Stwosza St. 63, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland; Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza St. 63, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Dorota Rogacka
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wita Stwosza St. 63, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland; Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza St. 63, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Stefan Angielski
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wita Stwosza St. 63, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Moin A Saleem
- Bristol Renal, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Whitson Street, Bristol, BS1 3NY, United Kingdom
| | - Agnieszka Piwkowska
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wita Stwosza St. 63, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland; Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza St. 63, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland
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26
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Li L, Long J, Mise K, Galvan DL, Overbeek PA, Tan L, Kumar SV, Chan WK, Lorenzi PL, Chang BH, Danesh FR. PGC1α is required for the renoprotective effect of lncRNA Tug1 in vivo and links Tug1 with urea cycle metabolites. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109510. [PMID: 34380028 PMCID: PMC8369494 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
lncRNA taurine-upregulated gene 1 (Tug1) is a promising therapeutic target in the progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN), but the molecular basis of its protection remains poorly understood. Here, we generate a triple-mutant diabetic mouse model coupled with metabolomic profiling data to interrogate whether Tug1 interaction with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1α (PGC1α) is required for mitochondrial remodeling and progression of DN in vivo. We find that, compared with diabetic conditional deletion of Pgc1α in podocytes alone (db/db; Pgc1αPod-f/f), diabetic Pgc1α knockout combined with podocyte-specific Tug1 overexpression (db/db; TugPodTg; Pgc1αPod-f/f) reverses the protective phenotype of Tug1 overexpression, suggesting that PGC1α is required for the renoprotective effect of Tug1. Using unbiased metabolomic profiling, we find that altered urea cycle metabolites and mitochondrial arginase 2 play an important role in Tug1/PGC1α-induced mitochondrial remodeling. Our work identifies a functional role of the Tug1/PGC1α axis on mitochondrial metabolic homeostasis and urea cycle metabolites in experimental models of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Section of Nephrology, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Jianyin Long
- Section of Nephrology, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Koki Mise
- Section of Nephrology, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Daniel L Galvan
- Section of Nephrology, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Paul A Overbeek
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lin Tan
- Metabolomics Core Facility, Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shwetha V Kumar
- Metabolomics Core Facility, Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wai Kin Chan
- Metabolomics Core Facility, Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Phillip L Lorenzi
- Metabolomics Core Facility, Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Benny H Chang
- Section of Nephrology, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Farhad R Danesh
- Section of Nephrology, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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27
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Mitochondrial Redox Signaling and Oxidative Stress in Kidney Diseases. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11081144. [PMID: 34439810 PMCID: PMC8391472 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential organelles in physiology and kidney diseases, because they produce cellular energy required to perform their function. During mitochondrial metabolism, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced. ROS function as secondary messengers, inducing redox-sensitive post-translational modifications (PTM) in proteins and activating or deactivating different cell signaling pathways. However, in kidney diseases, ROS overproduction causes oxidative stress (OS), inducing mitochondrial dysfunction and altering its metabolism and dynamics. The latter processes are closely related to changes in the cell redox-sensitive signaling pathways, causing inflammation and apoptosis cell death. Although mitochondrial metabolism, ROS production, and OS have been studied in kidney diseases, the role of redox signaling pathways in mitochondria has not been addressed. This review focuses on altering the metabolism and dynamics of mitochondria through the dysregulation of redox-sensitive signaling pathways in kidney diseases.
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Yan LJ. NADH/NAD + Redox Imbalance and Diabetic Kidney Disease. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11050730. [PMID: 34068842 PMCID: PMC8153586 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a common and severe complication of diabetes mellitus. If left untreated, DKD can advance to end stage renal disease that requires either dialysis or kidney replacement. While numerous mechanisms underlie the pathogenesis of DKD, oxidative stress driven by NADH/NAD+ redox imbalance and mitochondrial dysfunction have been thought to be the major pathophysiological mechanism of DKD. In this review, the pathways that increase NADH generation and those that decrease NAD+ levels are overviewed. This is followed by discussion of the consequences of NADH/NAD+ redox imbalance including disruption of mitochondrial homeostasis and function. Approaches that can be applied to counteract DKD are then discussed, which include mitochondria-targeted antioxidants and mimetics of superoxide dismutase, caloric restriction, plant/herbal extracts or their isolated compounds. Finally, the review ends by pointing out that future studies are needed to dissect the role of each pathway involved in NADH-NAD+ metabolism so that novel strategies to restore NADH/NAD+ redox balance in the diabetic kidney could be designed to combat DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Jun Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
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29
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Iacobini C, Vitale M, Pesce C, Pugliese G, Menini S. Diabetic Complications and Oxidative Stress: A 20-Year Voyage Back in Time and Back to the Future. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:727. [PMID: 34063078 PMCID: PMC8147954 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Twenty years have passed since Brownlee and colleagues proposed a single unifying mechanism for diabetic complications, introducing a turning point in this field of research. For the first time, reactive oxygen species (ROS) were identified as the causal link between hyperglycemia and four seemingly independent pathways that are involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes-associated vascular disease. Before and after this milestone in diabetes research, hundreds of articles describe a role for ROS, but the failure of clinical trials to demonstrate antioxidant benefits and some recent experimental studies showing that ROS are dispensable for the pathogenesis of diabetic complications call for time to reflect. This twenty-year journey focuses on the most relevant literature regarding the main sources of ROS generation in diabetes and their role in the pathogenesis of cell dysfunction and diabetic complications. To identify future research directions, this review discusses the evidence in favor and against oxidative stress as an initial event in the cellular biochemical abnormalities induced by hyperglycemia. It also explores possible alternative mechanisms, including carbonyl stress and the Warburg effect, linking glucose and lipid excess, mitochondrial dysfunction, and the activation of alternative pathways of glucose metabolism leading to vascular cell injury and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Iacobini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, “La Sapienza” University, 00189 Rome, Italy; (C.I.); (M.V.); (S.M.)
| | - Martina Vitale
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, “La Sapienza” University, 00189 Rome, Italy; (C.I.); (M.V.); (S.M.)
| | - Carlo Pesce
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetic and Maternal Infantile Sciences (DINOGMI), Department of Excellence of MIUR, University of Genoa Medical School, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Pugliese
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, “La Sapienza” University, 00189 Rome, Italy; (C.I.); (M.V.); (S.M.)
| | - Stefano Menini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, “La Sapienza” University, 00189 Rome, Italy; (C.I.); (M.V.); (S.M.)
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Metformin ameliorates the severity of experimental Alport syndrome. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7053. [PMID: 33782421 PMCID: PMC8007696 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86109-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin is widely used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, and increasing numbers of studies have shown that metformin also ameliorates tumor progression, inflammatory disease, and fibrosis. However, the ability of metformin to improve non-diabetic glomerular disease and chronic kidney disease (CKD) has not been explored. To investigate the effect of metformin on non-diabetic glomerular disease, we used a mouse model of Alport syndrome (Col4a5 G5X) which were treated with metformin or losartan, used as a control treatment. We also investigated the effect of metformin on adriamycin-induced glomerulosclerosis model. Pathological and biochemical analysis showed that metformin or losartan suppressed proteinuria, renal inflammation, fibrosis, and glomerular injury and extended the lifespan in Alport syndrome mice. Transcriptome analysis showed that metformin and losartan influenced molecular pathways-related to metabolism and inflammation. Metformin altered multiple genes including metabolic genes not affected by losartan. Metformin also suppressed proteinuria and glomerular injury in the adriamycin-induced glomerulosclerosis mouse model. Our results showed that metformin ameliorates the glomerular sclerosis and CKD phenotype in non-diabetic chronic glomerular diseases. Metformin may have therapeutic potential for not only diabetic nephropathy but also non-diabetic glomerular disease including Alport syndrome.
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RCAN1.4 mediates high glucose-induced matrix production by stimulating mitochondrial fission in mesangial cells. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:221739. [PMID: 31894838 PMCID: PMC6970086 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20192759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
High glucose (HG)-induced mitochondrial dynamic changes and oxidative damage are closely related to the development and progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Recent studies suggest that regulators of calcineurin 1 (RCAN1) is involved in the regulation of mitochondrial function in different cell types, so we investigate the role of RCAN1 in mitochondrial dynamics under HG ambience in rat glomerular mesangial cells (MCs). MCs subjected to HG exhibited an isoform-specific up-regulation of RCAN1.4 at both mRNA and protein levels. RCAN1.4 overexpression induced translocation of Dynamin related protein 1 (Drp1) to mitochondria, mitochondrial fragmentation and depolarization, accompanied by increased matrix production under normal glucose and HG ambience. In contrast, decreasing the expression of RCAN1.4 by siRNA inhibited HG-induced mitochondrial fragmentation and matrix protein up-regulation. Moreover, both mitochondrial fission inhibitor Mdivi-1 and Drp1 shRNA prevented RCAN1.4-induced fibronectin up-regulation, suggesting that RCAN1.4-induced matrix production is dependent on its modulation of mitochondrial fission. Although HG-induced RCAN1.4 up-regulation was achieved by activating calcineurin, RCAN1.4-mediated mitochondrial fragmentation and matrix production is independent of calcineurin activity. These results provide the first evidence for the HG-induced RCAN1.4 up-regulation involving increased mitochondrial fragmentation, leading to matrix protein up-regulation.
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Wetzel MD, Stanley K, Maity S, Madesh M, Bopassa JC, Awad AS. Homoarginine ameliorates diabetic nephropathy independent of nitric oxide synthase-3. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14766. [PMID: 33713581 PMCID: PMC7955794 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently we showed that homoarginine supplementation confers kidney protection in diabetic mouse models. In this study we tested whether the protective effect of homoarginine is nitric oxide synthase-3 (NOS3)-independent in diabetic nephropathy (DN). Experiments were conducted in NOS3 deficient (NOS3-/- ) mice and their wild type littermate using multiple low doses of vehicle or streptozotocin and treated with homoarginine via drinking water for 24 weeks. Homoarginine supplementation for 24 weeks in diabetic NOS3-/- mice significantly attenuated albuminuria, increased blood urea nitrogen, histopathological changes and kidney fibrosis, kidney fibrotic markers, and kidney macrophage recruitment compared with vehicle-treated diabetic NOS3-/- mice. Furthermore, homoarginine supplementation restored kidney mitochondrial function following diabetes. Importantly, there were no significant changes in kidney NOS1 or NOS2 mRNA expression between all groups. In addition, homoarginine supplementation improved cardiac function and reduced cardiac fibrosis following diabetes. These data demonstrate that the protective effect of homoarginine is independent of NOS3, which will ultimately change our understanding of the mechanism(s) by which homoarginine induce renal and cardiac protection in DN. Homoarginine protective effect in DN could be mediated via improving mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D. Wetzel
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTXUSA
| | - Kristen Stanley
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTXUSA
| | - Soumya Maity
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTXUSA
| | - Muniswamy Madesh
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTXUSA
| | - Jean C. Bopassa
- Department of Cellular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTXUSA
| | - Alaa S. Awad
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTXUSA
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SNHG15 knockdown inhibits diabetic nephropathy progression in pediatric patients by regulating the miR-141/ICAM-1 axis in vitro. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:227697. [PMID: 33506255 PMCID: PMC7871034 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20204099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are confirmed to be involved in modulating diabetic nephropathy (DN). The present study is aimed to explore the regulatory mechanism of lncRNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 15 (SNHG15) on pediatric DN. Human glomerular mesangial cells (HGMCs) were exposed to high glucose (HG) to produce an in vitro model. The results showed that SNHG15 was remarkably up-regulated in pediatric DN tissues and HG-induced HGMCs. Functional experiments indicated that both silencing of SNHG15 and overexpression of miR-141 elevated the cell viability, and suppressed the inflammation in HG-induced HGMCs. SNHG15 was identified to be a lncRNA that could bind to miR-141, and ICAM-1 was a downstream target gene of miR-141. Both the low expression of miR-141 and high expression of ICAM-1 reversed the inhibiting effect of SNHG15 knockdown on inflammatory response, and the promoting effect on cell viability. To conclude, our study revealed that silencing of SNHG15 ameliorated the malignant behaviors of pediatric DN via modulating the miR-141/ICAM-1 axis in vitro.
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Uddin MJ, Kim EH, Hannan MA, Ha H. Pharmacotherapy against Oxidative Stress in Chronic Kidney Disease: Promising Small Molecule Natural Products Targeting Nrf2-HO-1 Signaling. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020258. [PMID: 33562389 PMCID: PMC7915495 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The global burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD) intertwined with cardiovascular disease has become a major health problem. Oxidative stress (OS) plays an important role in the pathophysiology of CKD. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-antioxidant responsive element (ARE) antioxidant system plays a critical role in kidney protection by regulating antioxidants during OS. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), one of the targets of Nrf2-ARE, plays an important role in regulating OS and is protective in a variety of human and animal models of kidney disease. Thus, activation of Nrf2-HO-1 signaling may offer a potential approach to the design of novel therapeutic agents for kidney diseases. In this review, we have discussed the association between OS and the pathogenesis of CKD. We propose Nrf2-HO-1 signaling-mediated cell survival systems be explored as pharmacological targets for the treatment of CKD and have reviewed the literature on the beneficial effects of small molecule natural products that may provide protection against CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Jamal Uddin
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea; (M.J.U.); (E.H.K.)
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh;
| | - Ee Hyun Kim
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea; (M.J.U.); (E.H.K.)
| | - Md. Abdul Hannan
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Hunjoo Ha
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea; (M.J.U.); (E.H.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-3277-4075
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35
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Wetzel MD, Stanley K, Wang WW, Maity S, Madesh M, Reeves WB, Awad AS. Selective inhibition of arginase-2 in endothelial cells but not proximal tubules reduces renal fibrosis. JCI Insight 2020; 5:142187. [PMID: 32956070 PMCID: PMC7566719 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.142187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is the final common pathway in the pathophysiology of most forms of chronic kidney disease (CKD). As treatment of renal fibrosis still remains largely supportive, a refined understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of kidney fibrosis and the development of novel compounds are urgently needed. Whether arginases play a role in the development of fibrosis in CKD is unclear. We hypothesized that endothelial arginase-2 (Arg2) promotes the development of kidney fibrosis induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). Arg2 expression and arginase activity significantly increased following renal fibrosis. Pharmacologic blockade or genetic deficiency of Arg2 conferred kidney protection following renal fibrosis, as reflected by a reduction in kidney interstitial fibrosis and fibrotic markers. Selective deletion of Arg2 in endothelial cells (Tie2Cre/Arg2fl/fl) reduced the level of fibrosis after UUO. In contrast, selective deletion of Arg2 specifically in proximal tubular cells (Ggt1Cre/Arg2fl/fl) failed to reduce renal fibrosis after UUO. Furthermore, arginase inhibition restored kidney nitric oxide (NO) levels, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial function following UUO. These findings indicate that endothelial Arg2 plays a major role in renal fibrosis via its action on NO and mitochondrial function. Blocking Arg2 activity or expression could be a novel therapeutic approach for prevention of CKD.
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36
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Aparicio-Trejo OE, Rojas-Morales P, Avila-Rojas SH, León-Contreras JC, Hernández-Pando R, Jiménez-Uribe AP, Prieto-Carrasco R, Sánchez-Lozada LG, Pedraza-Chaverri J, Tapia E. Temporal Alterations in Mitochondrial β-Oxidation and Oxidative Stress Aggravate Chronic Kidney Disease Development in 5/6 Nephrectomy Induced Renal Damage. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186512. [PMID: 32899919 PMCID: PMC7555424 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Five-sixths nephrectomy (5/6Nx) model is widely used for studying the mechanisms involved in chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression, a kidney pathology that has increased dramatically in recent years. Mitochondrial impairment is a key mechanism that aggravates CKD progression; however, the information on mitochondrial bioenergetics and redox alterations along a time course in a 5/6Nx model is still limited and in some cases contradictory. Therefore, we performed for the first time a time-course study of mitochondrial alterations by high-resolution respirometry in the 5/6Nx model. Our results show a decrease in mitochondrial β-oxidation at early times, as well as a permanent impairment in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production in CI-linked respiration, a permanent oxidative state in mitochondria and decoupling of these organelles. These pathological alterations are linked to the early decrease in complex I and ATP synthase activities and to the further decrease in complex III activity. Therefore, our results may suggest that mitochondrial bioenergetics impairment is an early event in renal damage, whose persistence in time aggravates CKD development in the 5/6Nx model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Emiliano Aparicio-Trejo
- Department of Cardio-Renal Pathophysiology, National Institute of Cardiology “Ignacio Chávez”, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (O.E.A.-T.); (P.R.-M.); (L.G.S.-L.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (S.H.A.-R.); (A.P.J.-U.); (R.P.-C.); (J.P.-C.)
| | - Pedro Rojas-Morales
- Department of Cardio-Renal Pathophysiology, National Institute of Cardiology “Ignacio Chávez”, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (O.E.A.-T.); (P.R.-M.); (L.G.S.-L.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (S.H.A.-R.); (A.P.J.-U.); (R.P.-C.); (J.P.-C.)
| | - Sabino Hazael Avila-Rojas
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (S.H.A.-R.); (A.P.J.-U.); (R.P.-C.); (J.P.-C.)
| | - Juan Carlos León-Contreras
- Experimental Pathology Section, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition “Salvador Zubirán”, Mexico City 14000, Mexico; (J.C.L.-C.); (R.H.-P.)
| | - Rogelio Hernández-Pando
- Experimental Pathology Section, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition “Salvador Zubirán”, Mexico City 14000, Mexico; (J.C.L.-C.); (R.H.-P.)
| | - Alexis Paulina Jiménez-Uribe
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (S.H.A.-R.); (A.P.J.-U.); (R.P.-C.); (J.P.-C.)
| | - Rodrigo Prieto-Carrasco
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (S.H.A.-R.); (A.P.J.-U.); (R.P.-C.); (J.P.-C.)
| | - Laura Gabriela Sánchez-Lozada
- Department of Cardio-Renal Pathophysiology, National Institute of Cardiology “Ignacio Chávez”, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (O.E.A.-T.); (P.R.-M.); (L.G.S.-L.)
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (S.H.A.-R.); (A.P.J.-U.); (R.P.-C.); (J.P.-C.)
| | - Edilia Tapia
- Department of Cardio-Renal Pathophysiology, National Institute of Cardiology “Ignacio Chávez”, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (O.E.A.-T.); (P.R.-M.); (L.G.S.-L.)
- Correspondence:
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Martínez-Klimova E, Aparicio-Trejo OE, Gómez-Sierra T, Jiménez-Uribe AP, Bellido B, Pedraza-Chaverri J. Mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum stress in the promotion of fibrosis in obstructive nephropathy induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction. Biofactors 2020; 46:716-733. [PMID: 32905648 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Obstructive nephropathy favors the progression to chronic kidney disease (CKD), a severe health problem worldwide. The unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model is used to study the development of fibrosis. Impairment of renal mitochondria plays a crucial role in several types of CKD and has been strongly related to fibrosis onset. Nevertheless, in the UUO model, the impairment of mitochondria, their relationship with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induction and the participation of both to induce the fibrotic process remain unclear. In this review, we summarize the current information about mitochondrial bioenergetics, redox dynamics, mitochondrial mass, and biogenesis alterations, as well as the relationship of these mitochondrial alterations with ER stress and their participation in fibrotic processes in UUO models. Early after obstruction, there is metabolic reprogramming related to mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation impairment, triggering lipid deposition, oxidative stress, (calcium) Ca2+ dysregulation, and a reduction in mitochondrial mass and biogenesis. Mitochondria and the ER establish a pathological feedback loop that promotes the impairment of both organelles by ER stress pathways and Ca2+ levels dysregulation. Preserving mitochondrial and ER function can prevent or at least delay the fibrotic process and loss of renal function. However, deeper understanding is still necessary for future clinically-useful therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Martínez-Klimova
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico, Mexico
| | | | - Tania Gómez-Sierra
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico, Mexico
| | | | - Belen Bellido
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico, Mexico
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico, Mexico
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Zhu H, Wan H, Wu L, Li Q, Liu S, Duan S, Huang Z, Zhang C, Zhang B, Xing C, Yuan Y. Mitochondrial pyruvate carrier: a potential target for diabetic nephropathy. BMC Nephrol 2020; 21:274. [PMID: 32664896 PMCID: PMC7362444 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-020-01931-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 1 (MPC1) and mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 2 (MPC2) play a bottleneck role in the transport of pyruvate into mitochondrial across the mitochondrial inner membrane. A previous study showed that increasing mitochondrial pyruvate carrier content might ameliorate diabetic kidney disease in db/db mice. However, the expression status of MPC1 and MPC2 in patients with DN is unclear. Methods Patients with primary glomerulonephropathy (PGN, n = 30), PGN with diabetes mellitus (PGN-DM, n = 30) and diabetic nephropathy (DN, n = 30) were included. MPC1 and MPC2 protein levels were examined by immunohistochemistry. The expression of MPC in different groups was evaluated by the Kruskal-Wallis test. Spearman’s rank correlation was performed for correlation analysis between MPC levels and clinical factors. Results Both MPC1 and MPC2 were localized in renal tubules. Levels of MPC1 and MPC2 were lower in DN patients than in PGN patients and in PGN patients with DM, whereas there were no differences in MPC1 and MPC2 levels among DN stage II to stage IV. Moreover, both MPC1 and MPC2 levels were significantly correlated with serum creatinine, BUN and eGFR in patients with DN, whereas no analogous trend was observed in nondiabetic kidney disease. Conclusions Our study indicated that MPC localized in renal tubules, which were significantly decreased in DN. MPC was associated with clinical features, especially those representing renal functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, P. R. of China
| | - Huiting Wan
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, P. R. of China
| | - Lin Wu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, P. R. of China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, P. R. of China
| | - Simeng Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, P. R. of China
| | - Suyan Duan
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, P. R. of China
| | - Zhimin Huang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, P. R. of China
| | - Chengning Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, P. R. of China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, P. R. of China
| | - Changying Xing
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, P. R. of China.
| | - Yanggang Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, P. R. of China.
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Aparicio-Trejo OE, Avila-Rojas SH, Tapia E, Rojas-Morales P, León-Contreras JC, Martínez-Klimova E, Hernández-Pando R, Sánchez-Lozada LG, Pedraza-Chaverri J. Chronic impairment of mitochondrial bioenergetics and β-oxidation promotes experimental AKI-to-CKD transition induced by folic acid. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 154:18-32. [PMID: 32360615 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that mitochondrial bioenergetics and oxidative stress alterations may be common mechanisms involved in the progression of renal damage. However, the evolution of the mitochondrial alterations over time and the possible effects that their prevention could have in the progression of renal damage are not clear. Folic acid (FA)-induced kidney damage is a widely used experimental model to induce acute kidney injury (AKI), which can evolve to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Therefore, it has been extensively applied to study the mechanisms involved in AKI-to-CKD transition. We previously demonstrated that one day after FA administration, N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) pre-administration prevented the development of AKI induced by FA. Such therapeutic effect was related to mitochondrial preservation. In the present study, we characterized the temporal course of mitochondrial bioenergetics and redox state alterations along the progression of renal damage induced by FA. Mitochondrial function was studied at different time points and showed a sustained impairment in oxidative phosphorylation capacity and a decrease in β-oxidation, decoupling, mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization and a pro-oxidative state, attributed to the reduction in activity of complexes I and III and mitochondrial cristae effacement, thus favoring the transition from AKI to CKD. Furthermore, the mitochondrial protection by NAC administration before AKI prevented not only the long-term deterioration of mitochondrial function at the chronic stage, but also CKD development. Taken together, our results support the idea that the prevention of mitochondrial dysfunction during an AKI event can be a useful strategy to prevent the transition to CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Emiliano Aparicio-Trejo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - Sabino Hazael Avila-Rojas
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - Edilia Tapia
- Department of Cardio-Renal Physiopathology, National Institute of Cardiology "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico City, 14080, Mexico
| | - Pedro Rojas-Morales
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos León-Contreras
- Experimental Pathology Section, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition ''Salvador Zubirán'', 14000, Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Elena Martínez-Klimova
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - Rogelio Hernández-Pando
- Experimental Pathology Section, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition ''Salvador Zubirán'', 14000, Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laura Gabriela Sánchez-Lozada
- Department of Cardio-Renal Physiopathology, National Institute of Cardiology "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico City, 14080, Mexico
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, 04510, Mexico.
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Saeki S, Ohba H, Ube Y, Tanaka K, Haruyama W, Uchii M, Kitayama T, Tsukada H, Shimada T. Positron emission tomography imaging of renal mitochondria is a powerful tool in the study of acute and progressive kidney disease models. Kidney Int 2020; 98:88-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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41
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Li Q, Huang Y. Mitochondrial targeted strategies and their
application for cancer and other diseases treatment. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-020-00481-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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42
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Chang CC, Chiu PF, Wu CL, Kuo CL, Huang CS, Liu CS, Huang CH. Urinary cell-free mitochondrial and nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid correlates with the prognosis of chronic kidney diseases. BMC Nephrol 2019; 20:391. [PMID: 31660901 PMCID: PMC6816217 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-019-1549-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cell-free deoxyribonucleic acid DNA (cf-DNA) in urine is promising due to the advantage of urine as an easily obtained and non-invasive sample source over tissue and blood. In clinical practice, it is important to identify non-invasive biomarkers of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in monitoring and surveillance of disease progression. Information is limited, however, regarding the relationship between urine and plasma cf-DNA and the renal outcome in CKD patients. Methods One hundred and thirty-one CKD patients were enrolled between January 2016 and September 2018. Baseline urine and plasma cell-free mitochondrial DNA (cf-mtDNA) and cell-free nuclear DNA (cf-nDNA) were isolated using quantitative real-time PCR. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) measurement was performed at baseline and 6-month follow-up. Favorable renal outcome was defined as eGFR at 6 months minus baseline eGFR> = 0. Receiver operator characteristics (ROC) curve analysis was performed to assess different samples of cf-DNA to predict favorable renal outcomes at 6 months. A multivariate linear regression model was used to evaluate independent associations between possible predictors and different samples of cf-DNA. Results Patients with an advanced stage of CKD has significantly low plasma cf-nDNA and high plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) levels. Low urine cf-mtDNA, cf-nDNA levels and low plasma NGAL were significantly correlated with favorable renal outcomes at 6 months. The urine albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR) or urine protein-creatinine ratio (PCR) level is a robust predictor of cf-mtDNA and cf-nDNA in CKD patients. Baseline urine levels of cf-mtDNA and cf-nDNA could predict renal outcomes at 6 months. Conclusions Urinary cf-mtDNA and cf-nDNA may provide novel prognostic biomarkers for renal outcome in CKD patients. The levels of plasma cf-nDNA and plasma NGAL are significantly correlated with the severity of CKD. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12882-019-1549-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chu Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Nutrition, Hungkuang University, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Fang Chiu
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Nephrology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.,Vascular & Genomic Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.,Center of General Education Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lin Wu
- Nephrology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.,Internal Medicine Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ling Kuo
- Vascular & Genomic Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Shan Huang
- Vascular & Genomic Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Chin-San Liu
- Vascular & Genomic Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hui Huang
- Vascular & Genomic Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan. .,Department of Cardiology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan. .,Institute of Statistics and Information Science, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, Taiwan. .,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Department of Beauty Science and Graduate Institute of Beauty Science Technology, Chienkuo Technology University, Changhua, Taiwan.
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Wu M, Li S, Yu X, Chen W, Ma H, Shao C, Zhang Y, Zhang A, Huang S, Jia Z. Mitochondrial activity contributes to impaired renal metabolic homeostasis and renal pathology in STZ-induced diabetic mice. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 317:F593-F605. [PMID: 31268353 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00076.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) has become the main cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide, but the efficacy of current therapeutic strategies on DN remains unsatisfactory. Recent research has reported the involvement of metabolic rearrangement in the pathological process of DN, and of all the disturbances in metabolism, mitochondria serve as key regulatory hubs. In the present study, high-resolution mass spectrometry-based nontarget metabolomics was used to uncover the metabolic characteristics of the early diabetic kidney with or without the inhibition of mitochondrial activity. At first, we observed a moderate enhancement of mitochondrial complex-1 activity in the diabetic kidney, which was completely normalized by the specific mitochondrial complex-1 inhibitor rotenone (ROT). Meanwhile, metabolomics data indicated an overactivated pentose phosphate pathway, purine and pyrimidine metabolism, hexosamine biosynthetic pathway, and tricarboxylic acid cycle, which were strikingly corrected by ROT. In addition, ROT also strikingly corrected imbalanced redox homeostasis, possibly by increasing the ratio of antioxidant metabolites glutathione and NADPH against their oxidative form. In agreement with the improved metabolic status and oxidative response, ROT attenuated glomerular and tubular injury efficiently. Fibrotic markers (fibronectin, α-smooth muscle actin, collagen type I, and collagen type III), inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β, and ICAM-1), and oxidative stress were all markedly blocked by ROT. In vitro, ROT dose dependently attenuated high glucose-induced proliferation and extracellular matrix production in mesangial cells. Collectively, these findings revealed that the overactivation of mitochondrial activity in the kidney could contribute to metabolic disorders and the pathogenesis of early DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqiu Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing,China
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Shuzhen Li
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing,China
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaowen Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing,China
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiyi Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing,China
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haoyang Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing,China
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chang Shao
- College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing,China
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing,China
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Songming Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing,China
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhanjun Jia
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing,China
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Kanlaya R, Thongboonkerd V. Molecular Mechanisms of Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate for Prevention of Chronic Kidney Disease and Renal Fibrosis: Preclinical Evidence. Curr Dev Nutr 2019; 3:nzz101. [PMID: 31555758 PMCID: PMC6752729 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzz101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common public health problem worldwide characterized by gradual decline of renal function over months/years accompanied by renal fibrosis and failure in tissue wound healing after sustained injury. Patients with CKD frequently present with profound signs/symptoms that require medical treatment, mostly culminating in hemodialysis and renal transplantation. To prevent CKD more efficiently, there is an urgent need for better understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms and molecular pathways of the disease pathogenesis and progression, and for developing novel therapeutic targets. Recently, several lines of evidence have shown that epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), an abundant phytochemical polyphenol derived from Camellia sinensis, might be a promising bioactive compound for prevention of CKD development/progression. This review summarizes current knowledge of molecular mechanisms underlying renoprotective roles of EGCG in CKD based on available preclinical evidence (from both in vitro and in vivo animal studies), particularly its antioxidant property through preservation of mitochondrial function and activation of Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2)/HO-1 (heme oxygenase-1) signaling, anti-inflammatory activity, and protective effect against epithelial mesenchymal transition. Finally, future perspectives, challenges, and concerns regarding its clinical use in CKD and renal fibrosis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rattiyaporn Kanlaya
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Visith Thongboonkerd
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Wei PZ, Kwan BCH, Chow KM, Cheng PMS, Luk CCW, Li PKT, Szeto CC. Urinary mitochondrial DNA level is an indicator of intra-renal mitochondrial depletion and renal scarring in diabetic nephropathy. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2019; 33:784-788. [PMID: 29301017 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfx339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mitochondrial dysfunction plays an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN). We study the relation between urinary and intra-renal mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid (mtDNA) levels and renal dysfunction in DN. Methods We recruited 92 patients with biopsy-proven DN. Urinary sediment, urinary supernatant and intra-renal mtDNA levels were measured and compared with baseline renal biopsy, kidney scarring and renal function decline in the subsequent 24 months. Results mtDNA could be detected in all urine supernatant, urine sediment and renal biopsy specimens. There was a modest but statistically significant inverse correlation between urinary supernatant and intra-renal mtDNA levels (r = -0.453, P = 0.012). Urinary supernatant mtDNA level had modest but statistically significant correlations, inversely with estimated glomerular filtration rate (r = -0.214, P = 0.04), and positively with interstitial fibrosis (r = 0.300, P = 0.005). Intra-renal mtDNA had significant inverse correlation with interstitial fibrosis (r = -0.537, P = 0.003). However, there was no significant relation between renal function decline and urinary supernatant, urinary sediment or intra-renal mtDNA levels. Conclusions mtDNA is readily detectable in urinary supernatant and kidney tissue, and their levels correlate with renal function and scarring in DN. Further studies are needed to determine the accuracy of urinary supernatant mtDNA level as a prognostic indicator of DN, as well as its role in other kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Zhongping Wei
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Carol and Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Bonnie Ching-Ha Kwan
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Carol and Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kai Ming Chow
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Carol and Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Phyllis Mei-Shan Cheng
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Carol and Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Cathy Choi-Wan Luk
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Carol and Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Philip Kam-Tao Li
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Carol and Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Cheuk Chun Szeto
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Carol and Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Lee YH, Kim SH, Kang JM, Heo JH, Kim DJ, Park SH, Sung M, Kim J, Oh J, Yang DH, Lee SH, Lee SY. Empagliflozin attenuates diabetic tubulopathy by improving mitochondrial fragmentation and autophagy. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 317:F767-F780. [PMID: 31390268 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00565.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined the effects of empagliflozin, a selective inhibitor of Na+-glucose cotransporter 2, on mitochondrial quality control and autophagy in renal tubular cells in a diabetic environment in vivo and in vitro. Human renal proximal tubular cells (hRPTCs) were incubated under high-glucose conditions. Diabetes was induced with streptozotocin in male C57BL/6J mice. Improvements in mitochondrial biogenesis and balanced fusion-fission protein expression were noted in hRPTCs after treatment with empagliflozin in high-glucose media. Empagliflozin also increased autophagic activities in renal tubular cells in the high-glucose environment, which was accompanied with mammalian target of rapamycin inhibition. Moreover, reduced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production and decreased apoptotic and fibrotic protein expression were observed in hRPTCs after treatment with empagliflozin, even in the hyperglycemic circumstance. Importantly, empagliflozin restored AMP-activated protein kinase-α phosphorylation and normalized levels of AMP-to-ATP ratios in hRPTCs subjected to a high-glucose environment, which suggests the way that empagliflozin is involved in mitochondrial quality control. Empagliflozin effectively suppressed Na+-glucose cotransporter 2 expression and ameliorated renal morphological changes in the kidneys of streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Electron microscopy analysis showed that mitochondrial fragmentation was decreased and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine content was low in renal tubular cells of empagliflozin treatment groups compared with those of the diabetic control group. We suggest one mechanism related to the renoprotective actions of empagliflozin, which reverse mitochondrial dynamics and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Mo Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hyung Heo
- Department of Pathology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Hwa Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - MinJi Sung
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehee Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisu Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ho Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Young Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
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Shi S, Yang J, Fan W, Zhou Z, Chen G, Zhang J. Effects of LncRNA MALAT1 on microangiopathy and diabetic kidney disease in diabetic rats by regulating ERK/MAPK signaling pathway. Minerva Med 2019; 111:184-186. [PMID: 30843608 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4806.19.06015-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqing Shi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Wenxing Fan
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China - .,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhu Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Guangmei Chen
- Department of Medical Record, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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Aparicio-Trejo OE, Reyes-Fermín LM, Briones-Herrera A, Tapia E, León-Contreras JC, Hernández-Pando R, Sánchez-Lozada LG, Pedraza-Chaverri J. Protective effects of N-acetyl-cysteine in mitochondria bioenergetics, oxidative stress, dynamics and S-glutathionylation alterations in acute kidney damage induced by folic acid. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 130:379-396. [PMID: 30439416 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Folic acid (FA)-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) is a widely used model for studies of the renal damage and its progression to chronic state. However, the molecular mechanisms by which FA induces AKI remain poorly understood. Since renal function depends on mitochondrial homeostasis, it has been suggested that mitochondrial alterations contribute to AKI development. Additionally, N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) can be a protective agent to prevent mitochondrial and renal dysfunction in this model, given its ability to increase mitochondrial glutathione (GSH) and to control the S-glutathionylation levels, a reversible post-translational modification that has emerged as a mechanism able to link mitochondrial energy metabolism and redox homeostasis. However, this hypothesis has not been explored. The present study demonstrates for the first time that, at 24 h, FA induced mitochondrial bioenergetics, redox state, dynamics and mitophagy alterations, which are involved in the mechanisms responsible for the AKI development. On the other hand, NAC preadministration was able to prevent mitochondrial bioenergetics, redox state and dynamics alterations as well as renal damage. The protective effects of NAC on mitochondria and renal function could be related to its observed capacity to preserve the S-glutathionylation process and GSH levels in mitochondria. Taken together, our results support the idea that these mitochondrial processes can be targets for the prevention of the renal damage and its progression in FA-induced AKI model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Emiliano Aparicio-Trejo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Laura María Reyes-Fermín
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Briones-Herrera
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Edilia Tapia
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory of Renal Pathophysiology, National Institute of Cardiology "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos León-Contreras
- Experimental Pathology Section, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition ''Salvador Zubirán'', 14000 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rogelio Hernández-Pando
- Experimental Pathology Section, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition ''Salvador Zubirán'', 14000 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laura Gabriela Sánchez-Lozada
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory of Renal Pathophysiology, National Institute of Cardiology "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico.
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Wei Z, Kwan BCH, Chow KM, Cheng PMS, Luk CCW, Lai KB, Li PKT, Szeto CC. Urinary mitochondrial DNA level as a biomarker of tissue injury in non-diabetic chronic kidney diseases. BMC Nephrol 2018; 19:367. [PMID: 30567508 PMCID: PMC6299980 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-018-1178-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Urinary mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) fragment level has been proposed as a biomarker of chronic kidney disease (CKD). In this study, we determine the relation between urinary mtDNA level and rate of renal function deterioration in non-diabetic CKD. Methods We recruited 102 non-diabetic CKD patients (43 with kidney biopsy that showed non-specific nephrosclerosis). Urinary mtDNA level was measured and compared to baseline clinical and pathological parameters. The patients were followed 48.3 ± 31.8 months for renal events (need of dialysis or over 30% reduction in estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR]). Results The median urinary mtDNA level was 1519.42 (inter-quartile range 511.81–3073.03) million copy/mmol creatinine. There were significant correlations between urinary mtDNA level and baseline eGFR (r = 0.429, p < 0.001), proteinuria (r = 0.368, p < 0.001), severity of glomerulosclerosis (r = − 0.537, p < 0.001), and tubulointerstitial fibrosis (r = − 0.374, p = 0.014). The overall rate of eGFR decline was − 2.18 ± 5.94 ml/min/1.73m2 per year. There was no significant correlation between the rate of eGFR decline and urinary mtDNA level. By univariate analysis, urinary mtDNA level predicts dialysis-free survival, but the result became insignificant after adjusting for clinical and histological confounding factors. Conclusion Urinary mtDNA levels have no significant association with the rate of renal function decline in non-diabetic CKD, although the levels correlate with baseline renal function, proteinuria, and the severity of histological damage. Urinary mtDNA level may be a surrogate marker of permanent renal damage in non-diabetic CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongping Wei
- Carol & Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Departmentof Medicine & Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bonnie Ching-Ha Kwan
- Carol & Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Departmentof Medicine & Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kai Ming Chow
- Carol & Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Departmentof Medicine & Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Phyllis Mei-Shan Cheng
- Carol & Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Departmentof Medicine & Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cathy Choi-Wan Luk
- Carol & Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Departmentof Medicine & Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ka-Bik Lai
- Carol & Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Departmentof Medicine & Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Philip Kam-Tao Li
- Carol & Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Departmentof Medicine & Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cheuk Chun Szeto
- Carol & Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Departmentof Medicine & Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
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Liu JJ, Liu S, Gurung RL, Ching J, Kovalik JP, Tan TY, Lim SC. Urine Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Metabolites Predict Progressive Chronic Kidney Disease in Type 2 Diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:4357-4364. [PMID: 30060124 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-00947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Metabolites in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle are not only involved in energy metabolism but also play important roles in non-energy production activities. OBJECTIVE To study whether baseline urine key TCA cycle metabolites (lactate, pyruvate, citrate, α-ketoglutaric acid, succinate, fumarate, and malate) independently predict risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression [fast estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline] in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). DESIGN One discovery and one validation nested case-control studies in two independent T2DM cohorts. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Subjects with T2DM were recruited and followed in a regional hospital and at a primary care facility. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES eGFR trajectory (slope) was estimated by linear regression. Progressive CKD was defined as eGFR decline of ≥5 mL/min/1.73 m2 per year. RESULTS As compared with those with stable renal function (n = 271), participants who experienced progressive CKD (n = 116) had a lower level of urine citrate but significantly higher levels of lactate, fumarate, and malate levels at baseline. Both fumarate and malate predicted progressive CKD independent of traditional cardio-renal risk factors, including eGFR and albuminuria. Fumarate interacted with sex (P for interaction = 0.03) and independently predicted progressive CKD in male but not female participants. All these findings were reproducible in a validation study (case n = 96, control n = 402). Exploratory analysis suggested that fumarate might partially mediate the effect of oxidative stress on CKD progression. CONCLUSIONS Key TCA cycle metabolites, especially fumarate, may be involved in the pathophysiologic pathway independent of traditional cardio-renal risk factors, leading to CKD progression in patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Jun Liu
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
| | - Sylvia Liu
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
| | | | | | | | | | - Su Chi Lim
- Diabetes Centre, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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