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Li S, Xiang Y, Yang X, Chen J, Xian W, Wang Y. Associations of sugary beverage consumption with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, and asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap syndrome: a prospective cohort study. Am J Clin Nutr 2024; 120:707-718. [PMID: 38971468 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The associations between specific types of sugary beverages and major chronic respiratory diseases remain relatively unexplored. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the associations of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), artificially sweetened beverages (ASBs), and natural juices (NJs) with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, and asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap syndrome (ACOS). METHODS This prospective cohort study included 210,339 participants from the UK Biobank. Sugary beverage intake was measured in units (glasses/cans/cartons/250 mL) through 24-h dietary questionnaires. Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models were used to analyze the prevalence and incidence, respectively. Quantile G-computation was used to estimate the joint associations and relative contributions of the 3 types of sugary beverages. RESULTS Over a median follow-up of 11.6 y, 3491 participants developed COPD, 4645 asthma, and 523 ACOS. In prevalence analysis, certain categories of SSB and NJ consumption were associated with increased asthma prevalence, while high ASB consumption (>2 units/d) was linked to higher risks of all 3 outcomes. In incidence analysis, high SSB consumption (>2 units/d) was associated with incident COPD (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.53; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.19, 1.98) and asthma (HR: 1.22; 95% CI: 0.98, 1.52). Dose‒response relationships were observed for ASB consumption with all 3 outcomes (continuous HR: 1.98; 95% CI: 1.36, 2.87, for COPD; continuous HR: 1.65; 95% CI: 1.24, 2.20, for asthma; and continuous HR: 2.84; 95% CI: 1.20, 6.72, for ACOS). Moderate NJ consumption (>0-1 unit/d) was inversely associated with COPD (HR: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.82, 0.97), particularly grapefruit and orange juice. Joint exposure to these beverages (per unit increase) was associated with COPD (HR: 1.15; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.29) and asthma (HR: 1.16; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.27), with ASBs having greater positive weights than SSBs. CONCLUSIONS Consumption of SSBs and ASBs was associated with increased risks of COPD, asthma, and potentially ACOS, whereas moderate NJ consumption was associated with reduced risk of COPD, depending on the juice type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sicheng Li
- Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
| | - Yi Xiang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xue Yang
- MED-X institute, Center for Immunological and Metabolic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiajin Chen
- Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Wenpan Xian
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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Kelly R, Calabro R, Beatty L, Schirmer K, Coro D. Evaluating campaign concepts aimed at replacing sugar-sweetened beverages with water. Health Promot J Austr 2024. [PMID: 39043432 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
ISSUE ADDRESSED The study addresses the global health concern of sugar overconsumption, particularly focusing on the prevalence of sugar-sweetened beverage consumption among young people. METHODS The study tested three different health promotion campaign concepts, designed to reduce sugar-sweetened beverage intake and promote water consumption as a healthier alternative. A total of 402 young adults (18-29) were recruited from a university campus and an online panel. Participants were randomly assigned to view one of three campaign images: one advocating for substituting sugar-sweetened beverages with water, and two exclusively promoting water consumption. These images were assessed through an online survey, which included questions on emotional response, salience, attitudes and intentions towards various beverages. RESULTS Participants exposed to the campaign emphasising the benefits of water showed a greater intention to increase water consumption and reduce both sugar- and non-sugar-sweetened beverages compared with the other groups. There were no significant differences observed for the beverage choice task across the campaigns. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that messaging focusing on the benefits of water holds promise in encouraging healthier beverage consumption intentions among young adults. The lack of significant differences in the beverage choice task across the campaigns indicates a need for further research to explore long-term behaviour change effects. SO WHAT?: By highlighting the benefits of water consumption, campaigns may have the potential to positively influence beverage choices and promote healthier habits. Continued research in this area can provide valuable insights for developing more impactful interventions aimed at reducing sugar-sweetened beverage consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Kelly
- College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Ryan Calabro
- College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
- Behavioural Research and Evaluation Unit, Cancer Council SA, Eastwood, Australia
| | - Lisa Beatty
- College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Kristy Schirmer
- Prevention and Advocacy, Cancer Council SA, Eastwood, Australia
| | - Daniel Coro
- Behavioural Research and Evaluation Unit, Cancer Council SA, Eastwood, Australia
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Zhang J, Fan R, Mao C, Zhou X, Zhang Q, Li S, Zhuang Z. Artificial sweetener and respiratory system cancer: A Mendelian randomization analysis. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2024; 63:259-266. [PMID: 38972036 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The association between artificial sweeteners and various cancers has been investigated, but their relationship with respiratory system cancers remains uncertain. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a comprehensive Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis. METHODS We looked for SNPs associated with artificial sweetener intake and respiratory system cancers from the IEU OpenGWAS project, as well as SNPs related to sweet taste in artificial sweeteners from Hwang et al.'s study. Rigorous quality control procedures were implemented to select instrumental Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms that were closely linked to artificial sweetener intake. To ensure the reliability of our findings, we employed five different analytical methods, with the inverse variance weighting method being the primary approach. Additionally, we thoroughly assessed heterogeneity, pleiotropy, and sensitivity. Finally, we conducted Multivariable Mendelian Randomization (MVMR) to validate our results. RESULTS Intake of artificial sweetener added to cereal showed a positive association with malignant neoplasm of the lip, oral cavity, and pharynx (OR: 1027.54; 95% CI: 4.8-219994.46; P = 0.011), and the result was also confirmed by the MVMR analysis. In addition, better perceived intensity of aspartame was negatively associated with cancers in these regions (OR: 0.49; 95% CI: 0.28-0.88; P = 0.016). Intake of artificial sweetener added to coffee or tea was not related with respiratory system cancer. CONCLUSIONS Our research offers evidence that the consumption of artificial sweeteners in cereals could increase the risk of cancers in the lip, oral cavity, and pharynx. Additionally, a greater sensitivity to the taste of aspartame may lower this risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No.1055, Sanxiang Road, Gusu District, Soochow 215004, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Rencai Fan
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No.1055, Sanxiang Road, Gusu District, Soochow 215004, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Chenkai Mao
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No.1055, Sanxiang Road, Gusu District, Soochow 215004, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Xiaoying Zhou
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No.1055, Sanxiang Road, Gusu District, Soochow 215004, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No.1055, Sanxiang Road, Gusu District, Soochow 215004, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Shicheng Li
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No.1055, Sanxiang Road, Gusu District, Soochow 215004, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Zhixiang Zhuang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No.1055, Sanxiang Road, Gusu District, Soochow 215004, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
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Trius-Soler M, Moreno JJ. Bitter taste receptors: Key target to understand the effects of polyphenols on glucose and body weight homeostasis. Pathophysiological and pharmacological implications. Biochem Pharmacol 2024:116192. [PMID: 38583811 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Experimental and clinical research has reported beneficial effects of polyphenol intake on high prevalent diseases such as type 2 diabetes and obesity. These phytochemicals are ligands of taste 2 receptors (T2Rs) that have been recently located in a variety of organs and extra-oral tissues. Therefore, the interaction between polyphenol and T2Rs in brain structures can play a direct effect on appetite/satiety regulation and food intake. T2Rs are also expressed along the digestive tract, and their interaction with polyphenols can induce the release of gastrointestinal hormones (e.g., ghrelin, GLP-1, CCK) influencing appetite, gastrointestinal functionally, and glycemia control. Intestinal microbiota can also influence on network effects of polyphenols-T2Rs interaction and vice versa, impacting innate immune responses and consequently on gut functionally. Furthermore, polyphenols binding to T2Rs present important effects on adipose tissue metabolism. Interestingly, T2R polymorphism could, at least partially, explain the inter-individual variability of the effects of polyphenols on glucose and body weight homeostasis. Together, these factors can contribute to understand the beneficial effects of polyphenol-rich diets but also might aid in identifying new pharmacological pathway targets for the treatment of diabetes and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Trius-Soler
- Department of Public Health and Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Juan José Moreno
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, XIA, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Nutrition and Food Safety Research, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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Jiang L, Yu Z, Zhao Y, Yin D. Obesogenic potentials of environmental artificial sweeteners with disturbances on both lipid metabolism and neural responses. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 919:170755. [PMID: 38340820 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Artificial sweeteners (ASs) entered the environments after application and emissions. Recent studies showed that some ASs had obesogenic risks. However, it remained unclear whether such risks are common and how they provoke such effects. Presently, the effects of 8 widely used ASs on lipid accumulation were measured in Caenorhabditis elegans. Potential mechanisms were explored with feeding and locomotion behavior, lipid metabolism and neural regulation. Results showed that acesulfame (ACE), aspartame (ASP), saccharin sodium (SOD), sucralose (SUC) and cyclamate (CYC) stimulated lipid accumulation at μg/L levels, showing obesogenic potentials. Behavior investigation showed that ACE, ASP, SOD, SUC and CYC biased more feeding in the energy intake aspect against the locomotion in the energy consumption one. Neotame (NEO), saccharin (SAC) and alitame (ALT) reduced the lipid accumulation without significant obesogenic potentials in the present study. However, all 8 ASs commonly disturbed enzymes (e.g., acetyl-CoA carboxylase) in lipogenesis and those (e.g., carnitine palmitoyl transferase) in lipolysis. In addition, ASs disturbed PPARγ (via expressions of nhr-49), TGF-β/DAF-7 (daf-7) and SREBP (sbp-1) pathways. Moreover, they also interfered neurotransmitters including serotonin (5-HT), dopamine (DA) and acetylcholine (ACh), with influences in Gsα (e.g., via expressions of gsα-1, ser-7), glutamate (e.g., mgl-1), and cGMP-dependent signaling pathways (e.g., egl-4). In summary, environmental ASs commonly disturbed neural regulation connecting behavior and lipid metabolism, and 5 out of 8 showed clear obesogenic potentials. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATION: Artificial sweeteners (ASs) are become emerging pollutants after wide application and continuous emission. Recent studies showed that some environmental ASs had obesogenic risks. The present study employed Caenorhabditis elegans to explore the influences of 8 commonly used ASs on lipid metabolisms and also the underlying mechanisms. Five out of 8 ASs stimulated lipid accumulation at μg/L levels, and they biased energy intake against energy consumption. The other three ASs reduced the lipid accumulation. ASs commonly disturbed lipogenesis and lipolysis via PPARγ, TGF-β and SREBP pathways, and also influenced neurotransmitters with Gsα, glutamate and cGMP-dependent signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Zhenyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
| | - Yanbin Zhao
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Daqiang Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
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Heo GY, Koh HB, Park JT, Han SH, Yoo TH, Kang SW, Kim HW. Sweetened Beverage Intake and Incident Chronic Kidney Disease in the UK Biobank Study. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e2356885. [PMID: 38416492 PMCID: PMC10902724 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.56885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance An increasing body of evidence indicates an association between consuming sugar or its alternatives and cardiometabolic diseases. However, the effects of the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages, artificially sweetened beverages, and natural juices on kidney health remain unclear. Objective To investigate the association of the intake of sugar-sweetened beverages, artificially sweetened beverages, and natural juices with the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD), and the effect of substituting these beverage types for one another on this association. Design, Setting, and Participants This prospective, population-based cohort study analyzed data from the UK Biobank. Participants without a history of CKD who completed at least 1 dietary questionnaire were included. The follow-up period was from the date of the last dietary questionnaire until October 31, 2022, in England; July 31, 2021, in Scotland; and February 28, 2018, in Wales. Data were analyzed from May 1 to August 1, 2023. Exposures Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages, artificially sweetened beverages, and natural juices. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was incident CKD. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the associations between the 3 beverage types and incident CKD. A substitution analysis was used to evaluate the effect on the associations of substituting one beverage type for another. Results A total of 127 830 participants (mean [SD] age, 55.2 [8.0] years; 66 180 female [51.8%]) were included in the primary analysis. During a median (IQR) follow-up of 10.5 (10.4-11.2) years, 4459 (3.5%) cases of incident CKD occurred. The consumption of more than 1 serving per day of sugar-sweetened beverages was associated with higher risk of incident CKD (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 1.19 [95% CI, 1.05-1.34]) compared with not consuming sugar-sweetened beverages. The AHR for participants consuming more than 0 to 1 serving per day of artificially sweetened beverages was 1.10 (95% CI, 1.01-1.20) and for consuming more than 1 serving per day was 1.26 (95% CI, 1.12-1.43) compared with consuming no artificially sweetened beverages. By contrast, there was no significant association between natural juice intake and incident CKD (eg, for >1 serving per day: HR, 0.99 [95% CI, 0.87-1.11]; P = .10). Substituting sugar-sweetened beverages with artificially sweetened beverages did not show any significant difference in the risk of CKD (HR, 1.03 [95% CI, 0.96-1.10]). Conversely, replacing 1 serving per day of sugar-sweetened beverage with natural juice (HR, 0.93 [95% CI, 0.87-0.97]) or water (HR, 0.93 [95% CI, 0.88-0.99]) or replacing 1 serving per day of artificially sweetened beverage with natural juice (HR, 0.90 [95% CI, 0.84-0.96]) or water (HR, 0.91 [95% CI, 0.86-0.96]) was associated with a reduced risk of incident CKD. Conclusions and Relevance Findings from this cohort study suggest that lower consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages or artificially sweetened beverages may reduce the risk of developing CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ga Young Heo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Byung Koh
- Division of Nephrology, International Saint Mary’s Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Tak Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyeok Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hyun Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin-Wook Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Woo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Innovation in Digital Healthcare, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Vitale M, Costabile G, Testa R, D'Abbronzo G, Nettore IC, Macchia PE, Giacco R. Ultra-Processed Foods and Human Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies. Adv Nutr 2024; 15:100121. [PMID: 38245358 PMCID: PMC10831891 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Evidence of associations between ultra-processed foods (UPF) and increased risk of cardiovascular disease is emerging, but it is unclear how much this is influenced by the methodology used to assess the UPF intake or by the level of consumption. We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate 1) the association between UPF consumption and risk of diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and obesity, using prospective cohort studies; 2) the differential associations depending on the methodology used to assess UPF intake and the level of UPF consumption and 3) the quality of evidence using the NutriGrade scoring system. A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, ISI Web of Science, and Scopus through 1 April, 2023, on studies conducted in humans providing data for the highest compared with the lowest UPF consumption categories. Summary relative ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated using a random-effects model. Out of 4522 articles retrieved from the literature search, 25 reports met the criteria for inclusion in the meta-analysis, 7 for diabetes, 5 for hypertension, 3 for dyslipidemia, and 13 for obesity. A consistently positive association between high UPF intake and increased risk of developing diabetes (37%), hypertension (32%), hypertriglyceridemia (47%), low HDL cholesterol concentration (43%), and obesity (32%) was observed, even if the quality of evidence was not satisfying. However, these risks varied significantly depending on the methodology used to assess UPF consumption, with a difference of more than 50% between the methods. Based on the level of intake, we did not observe significant differences in the results. These findings show that UPF consumption is associated with higher risk of diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and obesity, but the level of risk consistently changes depending on the methodology used to assess UPF intake. Therefore, caution should be used when interpreting and extrapolating the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilena Vitale
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolism Unit, Federico II University of Naples, Italy.
| | - Giuseppina Costabile
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolism Unit, Federico II University of Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Testa
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolism Unit, Federico II University of Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna D'Abbronzo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolism Unit, Federico II University of Naples, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Emidio Macchia
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, Italy
| | - Rosalba Giacco
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolism Unit, Federico II University of Naples, Italy; Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy
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Schwarz A, Hernandez L, Arefin S, Sartirana E, Witasp A, Wernerson A, Stenvinkel P, Kublickiene K. Sweet, bloody consumption - what we eat and how it affects vascular ageing, the BBB and kidney health in CKD. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2341449. [PMID: 38686499 PMCID: PMC11062370 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2341449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
In today's industrialized society food consumption has changed immensely toward heightened red meat intake and use of artificial sweeteners instead of grains and vegetables or sugar, respectively. These dietary changes affect public health in general through an increased incidence of metabolic diseases like diabetes and obesity, with a further elevated risk for cardiorenal complications. Research shows that high red meat intake and artificial sweeteners ingestion can alter the microbial composition and further intestinal wall barrier permeability allowing increased transmission of uremic toxins like p-cresyl sulfate, indoxyl sulfate, trimethylamine n-oxide and phenylacetylglutamine into the blood stream causing an array of pathophysiological effects especially as a strain on the kidneys, since they are responsible for clearing out the toxins. In this review, we address how the burden of the Western diet affects the gut microbiome in altering the microbial composition and increasing the gut permeability for uremic toxins and the detrimental effects thereof on early vascular aging, the kidney per se and the blood-brain barrier, in addition to the potential implications for dietary changes/interventions to preserve the health issues related to chronic diseases in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina Schwarz
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Leah Hernandez
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Samsul Arefin
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elisa Sartirana
- Department of Translational Medicine, Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Anna Witasp
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Annika Wernerson
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Stenvinkel
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Renal Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karolina Kublickiene
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Hosseini A, Barlow GM, Leite G, Rashid M, Parodi G, Wang J, Morales W, Weitsman S, Rezaie A, Pimentel M, Mathur R. Consuming artificial sweeteners may alter the structure and function of duodenal microbial communities. iScience 2023; 26:108530. [PMID: 38125028 PMCID: PMC10730370 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies using stool samples suggest that non-sugar sweetener (NSS) consumption affects gut microbiome composition. However, stool does not represent the entire gut. We analyzed the duodenal luminal microbiome in subjects consuming non-aspartame non-sugar sweeteners (NANS, N = 35), aspartame only (ASP, N = 9), and controls (CON, N = 55) and the stool microbiome in a subset (N = 40). Duodenal alpha diversity was decreased in NANS vs. CON. Duodenal relative abundance (RA) of Escherichia, Klebsiella, and Salmonella (all phylum Proteobacteria) was lower in both NANS and ASP vs. CON, whereas stool RA of Escherichia, Klebsiella, and Salmonella was increased in both NANS and ASP vs. CON. Predicted duodenal microbial metabolic pathways altered in NANS vs. CON included polysaccharides biosynthesis and D-galactose degradation, whereas cylindrospermopsin biosynthesis was significantly enriched in ASP vs. CON. These findings suggest that consuming non-sugar sweeteners may significantly alter microbiome composition and function in the metabolically active small bowel, with different alterations seen in stool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ava Hosseini
- Medically Associated Science and Technology (MAST) Program, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gillian M. Barlow
- Medically Associated Science and Technology (MAST) Program, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gabriela Leite
- Medically Associated Science and Technology (MAST) Program, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mohamad Rashid
- Medically Associated Science and Technology (MAST) Program, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gonzalo Parodi
- Medically Associated Science and Technology (MAST) Program, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jiajing Wang
- Medically Associated Science and Technology (MAST) Program, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Walter Morales
- Medically Associated Science and Technology (MAST) Program, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stacy Weitsman
- Medically Associated Science and Technology (MAST) Program, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ali Rezaie
- Medically Associated Science and Technology (MAST) Program, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mark Pimentel
- Medically Associated Science and Technology (MAST) Program, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ruchi Mathur
- Medically Associated Science and Technology (MAST) Program, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Zhang Y, Chen L, Gao J, Cheng Y, Luo F, Bai X, Ding H. Nutritive/non-nutritive sweeteners and high fat diet contribute to dysregulation of sweet taste receptors and metabolic derangements in oral, intestinal and central nervous tissues. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:3149-3159. [PMID: 37537344 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03187-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Overconsumption of non-nutritive sweeteners is associated with obesity, whereas the underlying mechanisms remain controversial. This study aimed to investigate the effects of long-term consumption of nutritive or non-nutritive sweeteners with or without high fat diet on sweet taste receptor expression in nutrient-sensing tissues and energy regulation dependent on sweet-sensing. METHODS 50 Male Sprague-Dawley rats (140-160 g) were assigned to 10 groups (n = 5/group). All received fructose at 2.5% or 10%, sucralose at 0.01% or 0.015% or water with a normal chow diet or high fat diet for 12 weeks. Food and drink intake were monitored daily. Oral glucose tolerance test and intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test were performed at week 10 and 11 respectively. Serum was obtained for measurement of biochemical parameters. Tongue, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, colon and hypothalamus were rapidly removed to assess gene expression. RESULTS Long-term consumption of sweeteners impaired glucose tolerance, increased calorie intake and body weight. A significant upregulation of sweet taste receptor expression was observed in all the four intestinal segments in groups fed 0.01% sucralose or 0.015% sucralose, most strikingly in the ileum, accompanied by elevated serum glucagon-like peptide-1 levels and up-regulated expression of sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter 1 and glucose transporter 2. A significant down-regulation in the tongue and hypothalamus was observed in groups fed 10% fructose or 0.015% sucralose, with alterations in hypothalamic appetite signals. The presence of high fat diet differentially modulates sweet taste perception in nutrient-sensing tissues. CONCLUSIONS Long-term consumption of whether nutritive sweeteners or non-nutritive sweeteners combined with high fat diet contribute to dysregulation of sweet taste receptor expression in oral, intestinal and central nervous tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Jiefang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Yahong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Fei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Xinying Bai
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Hong Ding
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430000, China.
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11
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Tapanee P, Reeder N, Christensen R, Tolar-Peterson T. Sugar, non-nutritive sweetener intake and obesity risk in college students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023; 71:2093-2098. [PMID: 34468279 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1960844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between sugar and NNS consumption with body fat percentage in young adults. METHODS 524 college students were asked to complete the Web-based National Institutes of Health (NIH) Diet History Questionnaire II and had their body fat percentage measured using a bioelectrical impedance analysis scale. RESULT One-fourth of the participants were classified as overfat/obese and of those overfat or obese, 49% of them were African American. Overfat/obese participants consumed significantly more sugar than the heathy group and the underfat group (p < 0.001). Saccharin consumption was significantly higher in the overfat/obese group compare to the underfat and normal groups (p < 0.001). The odds of becoming overfat/obese increased 1.2 times for excessive total sugar consumption (95% CI: 1.0-1.8, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Excessive sugar and saccharin consumption were associated with higher body fat percentage in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradtana Tapanee
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition, and Health Promotion, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi, USA
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Nicole Reeder
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition, and Health Promotion, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi, USA
| | - Rebecca Christensen
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition, and Health Promotion, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi, USA
| | - Terezie Tolar-Peterson
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition, and Health Promotion, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi, USA
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Abdelkader H, Abdel-Aleem JA, Mousa HS, Elgendy MO, Al Fatease A, Abou-Taleb HA. Captopril Polyvinyl Alcohol/Sodium Alginate/Gelatin-Based Oral Dispersible Films (ODFs) with Modified Release and Advanced Oral Bioavailability for the Treatment of Pediatric Hypertension. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1323. [PMID: 37765131 PMCID: PMC10535373 DOI: 10.3390/ph16091323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension can begin in childhood; elevated blood pressure in children is known as pediatric hypertension. Contrary to adult hypertension, there is a scarcity of commercial medications suitable for the treatment of pediatric hypertension. The aim of this study was to develop orally dispersible films (ODFs) loaded with captopril for the treatment of hypertension in children. Captopril-loaded ODFs were composed of different blends of synthetic polymers, such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone, and natural polymers, such as sodium alginate (SA) and gelatin. The ODFs were characterized based on their mechanical and thermal properties, drug content, surface morphology, in vitro disintegration, in vitro release, and bioavailability. A novel HPLC method with precolumn derivatization was developed to precisely and selectively determine captopril levels in plasma. A low concentration of PVA and a high concentration of SA generated ODFs with faster hydration and disintegration rates. SA-based films exhibited fast disintegration properties (1-2 min). The optimized modified-release film (F2) showed significant (p < 0.05) enhancement in bioavailability (AUC = 1000 ng min/mL), with a value 1.43 times that of Capoten® tablets (701 ng min/mL). While the plasma concentration peaking was in favor of the immediate-release tablet, Tmax was significantly prolonged by 5.4 times for the optimized ODF (3.59 h) compared with that of the tablets (0.66 h). These findings indicate uniform and sustained plasma concentrations, as opposed to the pulsatile and rapid plasma peaking of captopril from the immediate-release tablets. These findings suggest that the modified release of oral films could offer more favorable plasma profiles and better control of hypertension than the conventional release tablets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdy Abdelkader
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62223, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Jelan A. Abdel-Aleem
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt;
| | - Heba Salah Mousa
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt;
| | - Marwa O. Elgendy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University Hospitals, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef 62521, Egypt;
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University (NUB), Beni Suef 62521, Egypt
| | - Adel Al Fatease
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62223, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Heba A. Abou-Taleb
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Merit University, Sohag 82755, Egypt;
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Mititelu M, Oancea CN, Neacșu SM, Olteanu G, Cîrțu AT, Hîncu L, Gheonea TC, Stanciu TI, Rogoveanu I, Hashemi F, Stanciu G, Ioniță-Mîndrican CB, Angelica C, Măru N, Lupu S, Lupu CE. Evaluation of Non-Alcoholic Beverages and the Risk Related to Consumer Health among the Romanian Population. Nutrients 2023; 15:3841. [PMID: 37686874 PMCID: PMC10489972 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The range of non-alcoholic drinks is very varied both from a compositional point of view and from a caloric and nutritional point of view. The excessive consumption of sweetened non-alcoholic beverages represents an important risk factor for health, especially when it is accompanied by an unbalanced diet and a disordered lifestyle. In order to evaluate the consumption of non-alcoholic beverages correlated with the evaluation of the main lifestyle factors that can affect the state of health among Romanians, a cross-sectional observational study was carried out based on a questionnaire. The results of the study indicate that among the most consumed non-alcoholic drinks are coffee and sweetened carbonated and non-carbonated drinks, which are indicated as being responsible for the development of consumption addictions: 44% for coffee, 16.5% for sweetened or tonic carbonated drinks and 12% for sweetened non-carbonated drinks. Considering that the consumption of coffee is usually associated with sweeteners, there is a risk of excessive caffeine and caloric intake in a context where a lack of exercise predominates (59.98%) among respondents declaring that they do sports rarely or not at all, which can lead, in the long term, to the appearance of imbalances either of a psycho-emotional nature or of a metabolic nature. A significant link was found between sports activity and the environment in which they work (χ2 = 51.33, p = 0.05). Respondents with a daily activity that involves movement (working outdoors, working on a construction site) are also those who usually do sports, while 60.67% of the respondents who work a lot in front of the computer declared that they do sports very rarely or not at all. Reducing the excessive consumption of sweetened drinks can be achieved through an appropriate consumption of water and fruits and by intensifying physical activity as a way of counterbalancing the excess caloric intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Mititelu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Food Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila”, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (M.M.); (G.O.); (A.-T.C.)
| | - Carmen-Nicoleta Oancea
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Craiova, 200345 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Sorinel Marius Neacșu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Bio-Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020945 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Gabriel Olteanu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Food Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila”, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (M.M.); (G.O.); (A.-T.C.)
| | - Alexandru-Tiberiu Cîrțu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Food Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila”, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (M.M.); (G.O.); (A.-T.C.)
| | - Lucian Hîncu
- Department of Drug Industry and Pharmaceutical Biotechnologies Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, 020956 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Theodora Claudia Gheonea
- Center for IBD Patients, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Craiova, 200345 Craiova, Romania;
| | | | - Ion Rogoveanu
- Center for IBD Patients, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Craiova, 200345 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Fallah Hashemi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71348-14336, Iran;
| | - Gabriela Stanciu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ovidius University of Constanta, 900527 Constanta, Romania;
| | - Corina-Bianca Ioniță-Mîndrican
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020945 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Caunii Angelica
- Department of Drug Analysis and Chemistry of Environmental Factors, Hygiene, Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Nicoleta Măru
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020945 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Sergiu Lupu
- Department of Navigation and Naval Transport, Faculty of Navigation and Naval Management, “Mircea cel Batran” Naval Academy, 900218 Constanta, Romania;
| | - Carmen Elena Lupu
- Department of Mathematics and Informatics, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Ovidius” University of Constanta, 900001 Constanta, Romania;
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Sun Y, Yu B, Wang Y, Wang B, Tan X, Lu Y, Zhang K, Wang N. Associations of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages, Artificially Sweetened Beverages, and Pure Fruit Juice With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Cross-sectional and Longitudinal Study. Endocr Pract 2023; 29:735-742. [PMID: 37543090 DOI: 10.1016/j.eprac.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to test the associations of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB), artificially sweetened beverages (ASB), and pure fruit juice (PJ) consumption with the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS Data for 136 277 UK Biobank participants who completed the dietary questionnaire and did not have a history of liver disease were included. Logistic regression was used for the cross-sectional setting where NAFLD was defined by a fatty liver index (FLI) ≥60. Cox proportional hazard regression was used for the longitudinal setting where hospitalized NAFLD was defined as hospital admission with Internationl Classification of Diseases-10 codes K76.0 and K75.8. RESULTS Compared with 0 L/wk for corresponding beverages, multivariate-adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for NAFLD in consumption ≤1, 1 to 2, and >2 L/wk were 1.06 (1.02-1.10), 1.24 (1.19-1.29), and 1.42 (1.35-1.49) for SSB; 1.43 (1.37-1.50), 1.73 (1.65-1.82), and 2.37 (2.25-2.50) for ASB, and 0.87 (0.84-0.89), 0.91 (0.88-0.94), and 1.07 (1.02-1.13) for PJ, respectively. Consumption of SSB and ASB were both positively correlated with FLI (P for line < .001). During a median follow-up of 10.2 years, 1043 cases of hospitalized NAFLD were recorded. ASB consumption of 1 to 2 and >2 L/wk was associated with a 22% (0.99-1.50) and 35% (1.11-1.65) increased risk of hospitalized NAFLD, respectively (P for trend = .002). However, the associations of SSB and PJ with the risk of hospitalized NAFLD were not significant. CONCLUSIONS Consumption of SSB, ASB, and PJ were all related to the risk of NAFLD. Excessive consumption of ASBs was associated with an increased risk of incident hospitalized NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Sun
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bowei Yu
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuying Wang
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Tan
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingli Lu
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ningjian Wang
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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15
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Pang T, Gray HL, Alman AC, Buro AW, Basu A, Lu S, Snell-Bergeon JK. Ultra-processed food consumption and obesity indicators in individuals with and without type 1 diabetes mellitus: a longitudinal analysis of the prospective Coronary Artery Calcification in Type 1 Diabetes (CACTI) cohort study. Public Health Nutr 2023; 26:1626-1633. [PMID: 37129091 PMCID: PMC10410376 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980023000848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the associations of ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption and obesity indicators among individuals with and without type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) from the Coronary Artery Calcification in Type 1 Diabetes cohort study. DESIGN A secondary analysis. The consumption of UPF was assessed using the dietary data collected with the Harvard FFQ, and each food item was categorised according to the NOVA food processing classification. Height, weight and waist circumference were measured at baseline and after a mean of 14·6-year follow-up. Generalised estimating equations stratified by diabetes status were used to assess the associations between UPF intake and obesity indicators over 14 years of follow-up. SETTING USA. PARTICIPANTS A total of 600 adults (256 T1DM and 344 non-diabetic controls) aged 39 ± 9·1 years at baseline and followed up for over 14 years were included. RESULTS Participants with T1DM consumed significantly more UPF than non-diabetic controls at baseline: 7·6 ± 3·8 v. 6·6 ± 3·4 servings per day of UPF, respectively (P < 0·01). Participants with T1DM and with the highest UPF intake had the highest weight (βQ4 v. Q1 = 3·07) and BMI (βQ4 v. Q1 = 1·02, all P < 0·05) compared with those with the lowest UPF intake. Similar positive associations were observed in non-diabetic controls. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with T1DM may consume more UPF than non-diabetic controls. Positive associations between UPF consumption and obesity indicators suggest that limiting UPF can be recommended for obesity prevention and management. Further research is needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Pang
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL33612, USA
| | - Heewon L Gray
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL33612, USA
| | - Amy C Alman
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL33612, USA
| | | | - Arpita Basu
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada at Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Shi Lu
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
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Jarvis PRE, Cardin JL, Nisevich-Bede PM, McCarter JP. Continuous glucose monitoring in a healthy population: understanding the post-prandial glycemic response in individuals without diabetes mellitus. Metabolism 2023:155640. [PMID: 37356796 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Continuous glucose monitoring has become a common adjunct in the management of Diabetes Mellitus. However, there has been a recent trend among individuals without diabetes using these devices as a means of monitoring their health. The increased visibility of glucose data has allowed users to study the effect lifestyle has upon post-prandial glucose levels. Although post-prandial hyperglycemia is well understood in the setting of diabetes, its impact in individuals without diabetes is less well defined. This article reviews the factors which contribute to post-prandial hyperglycemia in individuals without diabetes and how the data obtained from continuous glucose monitoring can be used to improve an individual's metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - James P McCarter
- Medical and Clinical Affairs, Abbott Laboratories, Alameda, CA, USA; Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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Alharthi SAS, Alaisayi KHA, Alalawi LYS, Alamri ROS, Abu-Elfotuh K, Alenazi TS, Amirthalingam P, Albariqi HAH, Mohammed AA, Alsubayti N, Hamdan AME, Kozman MR. The consumption pattern and perception of using artificial sweeteners among the public in Tabuk region, Saudi Arabia. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1166868. [PMID: 37427264 PMCID: PMC10323410 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1166868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity and weight gain have become major problems worldwide. Thus, several forms of alternative intense sweeteners are extensively used, offering a non-caloric sweet taste. To the best of our knowledge, no research has studied either the consumption pattern or the perception of using artificial sweeteners in Saudi Arabia. Objectives Our research aimed to study the usage pattern of such artificial sweeteners in the Tabuk region and estimate the knowledge of and attitudes toward their usage among the population. Methods A cross-sectional study promoted on multiple social media platforms and face-to-face interviews in different malls and hospitals in the Tabuk region. We grouped the participants into two major groups: the users and the non-users of artificial sweeteners. Each group has been subdivided into a healthy subgroup and those with a medical record subgroup. Participants' characteristics and their choice of sweeteners were analyzed using bivariate analysis. The age, gender, and education level of the participants were adjusted using binary logistic regression in order to adjust for potential confounders. Results A total of 2,760 participants were included in our study. We found that more than 59% of the participants that were over 45 years old were non-hospitalized non-hospitalized diseased irrespective of their usage of artificial sweeteners. Furthermore, females, graduates, diabetics were significantly high irrespective of their subgroup. Moreover, Steviana® is the most commonly used artificial sweetener. In addition, healthy participants showed a greater perception of the usage and adverse effects of artificial sweeteners. Furthermore, bivariate analysis using logistic regression revealed significant associations (p < 0.05) with confounders such as gender, age, and education level. Conclusion Educational programs and nutritional advice for the safe consumption and the daily permissible doses of artificial sweeteners are essential and should be directed specifically at females.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Karema Abu-Elfotuh
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tahani S. Alenazi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Asmaa A. Mohammed
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed M. E. Hamdan
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Magy R. Kozman
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
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18
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Andersen SSH, Zhu R, Kjølbæk L, Raben A. Effect of Non- and Low-Caloric Sweeteners on Substrate Oxidation, Energy Expenditure, and Catecholamines in Humans-A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:2711. [PMID: 37375615 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of non- and low-caloric sweetener(s) (NCS and LCS) as a means to prevent overweight and obesity is highly debated, as both NCS and LCS have been proposed to have a negative impact on energy homeostasis. This systematic review aimed to assess the impact of NCS and LCS on fasting and postprandial substrate oxidation, energy expenditure, and catecholamines, compared to caloric sweeteners or water, across different doses and types of NCS and LCS, acutely and in the longer-term. A total of 20 studies were eligible: 16 studies for substrate oxidation and energy expenditure and four studies for catecholamines. Most studies compared the acute effects of NCS or LCS with caloric sweeteners under non-isoenergetic conditions. These studies generally found higher fat oxidation and lower carbohydrate oxidation with NCS or LCS than with caloric sweeteners. Findings for energy expenditure were inconsistent. With the limited number of studies, no convincing pattern for the remaining outcomes and comparisons could be seen. In conclusion, drinks or meals with NCS or LCS resulted in higher fat and lower carbohydrate oxidation compared to caloric sweeteners. No other conclusions could be drawn due to insufficient or inconsistent results. Further studies in this research field are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina S H Andersen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Ruixin Zhu
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Louise Kjølbæk
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Anne Raben
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- Clinical Research, Copenhagen University Hospital-Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
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19
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Nobs SP, Elinav E. Nonnutritive sweeteners and glucose intolerance: Where do we go from here? J Clin Invest 2023; 133:171057. [PMID: 37183822 PMCID: PMC10178830 DOI: 10.1172/jci171057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Philip Nobs
- Systems Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eran Elinav
- Systems Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Division of Microbiome and Cancer, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Saraiva A, Carrascosa C, Ramos F, Raheem D, Pedreiro S, Vega A, Raposo A. Brazzein and Monellin: Chemical Analysis, Food Industry Applications, Safety and Quality Control, Nutritional Profile and Health Impacts. Foods 2023; 12:foods12101943. [PMID: 37238762 DOI: 10.3390/foods12101943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, customers have been keener to buy products manufactured using all-natural ingredients with positive health properties, but without losing flavor. In this regard, the objective of the current study is to review the consumption of brazzein and monellin, their nutritional profiles and health effects, and their potential applications in the food industry. This poses challenges with sustainability and important quality and safety indicators, as well as the chemical processes used to determine them. To better understand the utilization of brazzein and monellin, the chemical analysis of these two natural sweet proteins was also reviewed by placing particular emphasis on their extraction methods, purification and structural characterization. Protein engineering is considered a means to improve the thermal stability of brazzein and monellin to enhance their application in food processing, especially where high temperatures are applied. When the quality and safety of these sweet proteins are well-investigated and the approval from safety authorities is secured, the market for brazzein and monellin as food ingredient substitutes for free sugar will be guaranteed in the future. Ultimately, the review on these two natural peptide sweeteners increases the body of knowledge on alleviating problems of obesity, diabetes and other non-communicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariana Saraiva
- Department of Animal Pathology and Production, Bromatology and Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Trasmontaña s/n, 35413 Arucas, Spain
| | - Conrado Carrascosa
- Department of Animal Pathology and Production, Bromatology and Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Trasmontaña s/n, 35413 Arucas, Spain
| | - Fernando Ramos
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV) of the Network of Chemistry and Technology (REQUIMTE), Rua D. Manuel II, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
| | - Dele Raheem
- Arctic Centre, University of Lapland, 96101 Rovaniemi, Finland
| | - Sónia Pedreiro
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV) of the Network of Chemistry and Technology (REQUIMTE), Rua D. Manuel II, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
| | - Angelo Vega
- Department of Animal Pathology and Production, Bromatology and Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Trasmontaña s/n, 35413 Arucas, Spain
| | - António Raposo
- CBIOS (Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies), Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal
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Song Z, Song R, Liu Y, Wu Z, Zhang X. Effects of ultra-processed foods on the microbiota-gut-brain axis: The bread-and-butter issue. Food Res Int 2023; 167:112730. [PMID: 37087282 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
The topic of gut microbiota and the microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis has become the forefront of research and reports in the past few years. The gut microbiota is a dynamic interface between the environment, food, and the host, reflecting the health status as well as maintaining normal physiological metabolism. Modern ultra-processed foods (UPF) contain large quantities of saturated and trans fat, added sugar, salt, and food additives that seriously affect the gut and physical health. In addition, these unhealthy components directly cause changes in gut microbiota functions and microbial metabolism, subsequently having the potential to impact the neural network. This paper reviews an overview of the link between UPF ingredients and the MGB axis. Considerable studies have examined that high intake of trans fat, added sugar and salt have deleterious effects on gut and brain functions, but relatively less focus has been placed on the impact of food additives on the MGB axis. Data from several studies suggest that food additives might be linked to metabolic diseases and inflammation. They may also alter the gut microbiota composition and microbial metabolites, which potentially affect cognition and behavior. Therefore, we emphasize that food additives including emulsifiers, artificial sweeteners, colorants, and preservatives interact with the gut microbiota and their possible effects on altering the brain and behavior based on the latest research. Future studies should further investigate whether gut dysbiosis mediates the effect of UPF on brain diseases and behavior. This thesis here sheds new light on future research pointing to the potentially detrimental effects of processed food consumption on brain health.
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22
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Zhao Y, Yang L, Chen M, Gao F, Lv Y, Li X, Liu H. Study on Undercarboxylated Osteocalcin in Improving Cognitive Function of Rats with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Regulating PI3K-AKT-GSK/3β Signaling Pathwaythrough medical images. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2023:1-16. [PMID: 37036954 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2023.2199238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
This paper aims to clarify the effect of Undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) on cognitive function in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This research reviewed the cognitive function of 35 diabetic patients, 33 non-diabetic patients and the serum levels of Undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) in patients. What's more, we analyzed the correlation between serum ucOC levels and cognitive function. Diabetic rats were treated with high (30 μg·kg-1·d-1) and low (10 μg·kg-1·d-1) doses of ucOC to investigate its effects in regulating ucOC on blood lipid, blood glucose and cognitive function. We systematically detected the phosphorylation levels of cognitive level-related proteins (PI3K, AKT, and GSK/3β) in the hippocampus by Western Blot. Finally, PI3K-Akt pathway involved in regulating cognitive function in diabetic rats by ucOC was verified with AKT pathway inhibitor LY294002. MoCA score and serum ucOC levels were significantly reduced in patients with diabetes mellitus. ucOC could concentration-dose-dependently decrease the blood glucose and lipid levels, and improve glucose metabolism and weaken insulin resistance in diabetic rats (P < 0.001). In addition, escape latency in diabetic rats was significantly higher than that of normal rats in the Morris maze test, and ucOC dose-dependently shortened the escape latency in diabetic rats (all with P < 0.05). After using AKT pathway inhibitor, ucOC failed to shorten the escape latency in diabetic rats. In conclusion, this study explored the relevant mechanisms in inducing cognitive dysfunction of T2DM, suggesting the potential value of ucOC as a drug to improve cognitive dysfunction in patients with T2DM in clinical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhao
- Department of Geriatrics, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Lili Yang
- Department of Cardiology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Mei Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Neurology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Yinghui Lv
- Department of Geriatrics, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Geriatrics, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Hongmin Liu
- School of Nursing, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
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23
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Hu S, Liu X, Zhang S, Quan D. An Overview of Taste-Masking Technologies: Approaches, Application, and Assessment Methods. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:67. [PMID: 36788171 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02520-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well-known that plenty of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) inherently possess an unpleasant taste, which influences the acceptance of patients, especially children. Therefore, manufacturing taste-masked dosage forms has attracted a lot of attention. This review describes in detail the taste-masking technologies based on the difference in the taste transmission mechanism which is currently available. In particular, the review highlights the application of various methods, with a special focus on how to screen the appropriate masking technology according to the properties of API. Subsequently, we overviewed how to assess taste-masking efficacy, guiding researchers to rationally design taste-masking formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqin Hu
- Institute of Advanced Drug Delivery Technology, No.10 Xinghuo Avenue Jiangbei New Area, Nanjing, 210032, People's Republic of China.,China Pharmaceutical University, No. 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxuan Liu
- China Pharmaceutical University, No. 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangshuang Zhang
- Institute of Advanced Drug Delivery Technology, No.10 Xinghuo Avenue Jiangbei New Area, Nanjing, 210032, People's Republic of China
| | - Danyi Quan
- Institute of Advanced Drug Delivery Technology, No.10 Xinghuo Avenue Jiangbei New Area, Nanjing, 210032, People's Republic of China.
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24
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Pharmacological Treatments and Natural Biocompounds in Weight Management. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16020212. [PMID: 37139804 PMCID: PMC9962258 DOI: 10.3390/ph16020212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The obesity pandemic is one of society’s most urgent public health concerns. One-third of the global adult population may fall under obese or overweight by 2025, suggesting a rising demand for medical care and an exorbitant cost of healthcare expenditure in the coming years. Generally, the treatment strategy for obese patients is largely patient-centric and needs dietary, behavioral, pharmacological, and sometimes even surgical interventions. Given that obesity cases are rising in adults and children and lifestyle modifications have failed to produce the desired results, the need for medical therapy adjunct to lifestyle modifications is vital for better managing obesity. Most existing or past drugs for obesity treatment target satiety or monoamine pathways and induce a feeling of fullness in patients, while drugs such as orlistat are targeted against intestinal lipases. However, many medications targeted against neurotransmitters showed adverse events in patients, thus being withdrawn from the market. Alternatively, the combination of some drugs has been successfully tested in obesity management. However, the demand for novel, safer, and more efficacious pharmaceutical medicines for weight management does exist. The present review elucidates the current understanding of the available anti-obesity medicines of synthetic and natural origin, their main mechanisms of action, and the shortcomings associated with current weight management drugs.
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25
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Characterizing ingredients in commercially packaged baked products sold in the U.S.: An application of IngID. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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26
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Bayram HM, Ozturkcan A. Intake and risk assessment of nine priority food additives in Turkish adults. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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27
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Neumann NJ, Fasshauer M. Added flavors: potential contributors to body weight gain and obesity? BMC Med 2022; 20:417. [PMID: 36319974 PMCID: PMC9623908 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02619-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Added flavors are a marker for ultra-processing of food and a strong link exists between the intake of ultra-processed food and the development of obesity. The objective of the present article is to assess animal and human data elucidating the impact of added flavors on the regulation of food intake and body weight gain, as well as to define areas for future research. MAIN TEXT Mechanistic studies suggest that added flavors induce overeating and body weight gain by two independent mechanisms: Added flavors promote hedonic eating and override homeostatic control of food intake, as well as disrupt flavor-nutrient learning and impair the ability to predict nutrients in food items. Supporting these potential mechanisms, added flavors increase feed intake and body weight as compared to non-flavored control diets in a broad range of animal studies. They are actively promoted by feed additive manufacturers as useful tools to improve palatability, feed intake, and performance parameters. In humans, added flavors are extensively tested concerning toxicity; however, no data exist concerning their impact on food intake and body weight. CONCLUSIONS Added flavors are potential contributors to the obesity epidemic and further studies focusing on their role in humans are urgently required. These studies include obesity interventions specifically targeting food items with added flavors and cohort studies on independent associations between added flavor intake and metabolic, as well as cardiovascular, morbidity, and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Judith Neumann
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, 35390, Giessen, Germany
| | - Mathias Fasshauer
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, 35390, Giessen, Germany. .,Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology, Nephrology, and Rheumatology), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
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28
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Trends in food consumption according to the degree of food processing among the UK population over 11 years. Br J Nutr 2022:1-8. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522003361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Although ultra-processed foods represent more than half of the total energy consumed by the UK population, little is known about the trend in food consumption considering the degree of food processing. We evaluated the trends of the dietary share of foods categorised according to the NOVA classification in a historical series (2018–2019) among the UK population. Data were acquired from the NDNS, a survey that collects diet information through a 4-d food record. We used adjusted linear regression to estimate the dietary participation of NOVA groups and evaluated the linear trends over the years. From 2008 to 2019, we observed a significant increase in the energy share of culinary ingredients (from 3·7 to 4·9 % of the total energy consumed; P-trend = 0·001), especially for butter and oils; and reduction of processed foods (from 9·6 to 8·6 %; P-trend = 0·002), especially for beer and wine. Unprocessed or minimally processed foods (≅30 %, P-trend = 0·505) and ultra-processed foods (≅56 %, P-trend = 0·580) presented no significant change. However, changes in the consumption of some subgroups are noteworthy, such as the reduction in the energy share of red meat, sausages and other reconstituted meat products as well as the increase of fruits, ready meals, breakfast cereals, cookies, pastries, buns and cakes. Regarding the socio-demographic characteristics, no interaction was observed with the trend of the four NOVA groups. From 2008 to 2019 was observed a significant increase in culinary ingredients and a reduction in processed food. Furthermore, it sheds light on the high share of ultra-processed foods in the contemporary British diet.
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29
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Bridge-Comer PE, Vickers MH, Morton-Jones J, Spada A, Rong J, Reynolds CM. Maternal intake of fructose or artificial sweetener during pregnancy and lactation has persistent effects on metabolic and reproductive health of dams post-weaning. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2022; 13:642-649. [PMID: 35322784 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174422000022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
As rates of obesity, diabetes, and related comorbidities have increased, the consumption of artificial sweeteners (ASs) as sugar substitutes has also risen in popularity as they are perceived as a healthier alternative to sugar sweetened products. However, there is conflicting evidence regarding the impact of AS intake on metabolic and reproductive health. Glucose intolerance during pregnancy due to intake of sugar sweetened foods can result in an increased risk for the development of type 2 diabetes post-pregnancy. However, limited information exists on the impact of AS intake during pregnancy and lactation on the mother's health in later life. We hypothesised both AS and fructose would impair metabolic health post-partum (PP) following maternal consumption during pregnancy and lactation. Female C57Bl/6 mice received a standard control diet ad libitum with either water (CD), fructose (Fr; 34.7 mm intake), or AS (AS;12.5 mm Acesulfame-K) throughout pregnancy and lactation. Post-weaning, AS and Fr dams were fed the CD diet for the remainder of the experiment. Oral glucose tolerance tests were undertaken 8 weeks PP and dams were humanely killed at 9 weeks PP, with adipose tissue and ovaries collected for analysis. Experimental diets did not influence maternal bodyweight. At 8 weeks PP, increased glucose intolerance was evident in both AS and Fr dams. Adipocyte size was significantly increased in both the AS and Fr groups PP. Further, in the ovary, AS increased expression of genes associated with follicular development and ovulation. Therefore, ASs may not represent beneficial substitutes to fructose during pregnancy, with the potential to increase the risk of T2DM in later life in mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark H Vickers
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Ana Spada
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jing Rong
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Clare M Reynolds
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, Conway Institute, Institute of Food and Health, Diabetes Complications Research Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
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30
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Can Artificial Sweeteners Increase the Risk of Cancer Incidence and Mortality: Evidence from Prospective Studies. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183742. [PMID: 36145117 PMCID: PMC9506029 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer has become a major challenge in the global disease burden. Artificial sweeteners are a class of chemical compounds that are used as food and beverage addition agent to replace sugar. However, the health effects of consuming artificial sweeteners are still unclear. This meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the role of artificial sweeteners on cancer. The databases PubMed, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Web of Science and EMBASE were searched up until July 2022. A Newcastle−Ottawa scale (NOS) was used to estimate the study quality. A total of 25 observational studies were included with a total of 3,739,775 subjects. The intake of artificial sweeteners had no apparent association with overall cancer incidence and mortality. However, in Europe, artificial sweeteners’ intake could increase the risk of cancer incidence (HR/RR = 1.07, 95% CI = [1.02, 1.12], I2 = 25.8%, P = 0.223), which appears to be related to a shift in nutritional behaviors in the countries. Significant results were also observed in subgroups with aspartame and a mixed intake of artificial sweeteners. Moreover, higher risk was observed for artificial sweeteners intake in all-cause mortality (HR/RR =1.13, 95% CI = [1.03, 1.25], I2 = 79.7%, p < 0.001) and a J-shaped association between them was found. More data from well-conducted studies and clinical trials are required.
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Haghighatdoost F, Atefi M, Mohammadifard N, Daryabeygi-Khotbehsara R, Khosravi A, Mansourian M. The relationship between ultraprocessed food consumption and obesity indicators in Iranian adults. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 32:2074-2085. [PMID: 35843797 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2022.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Food processing changes the nature of foods, and it is growing globally due to its availability and affordability and its effects on the palatability of foods. Consumption of ultraprocessed foods (UPFs) may adversely affect weight gain. The purpose of the current study is to examine the association between UPFs consumption and adiposity among Iranian adults. METHODS AND RESULTS A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1459 Iranian adults (≥19 years). Dietary intakes were assessed using a validated 136-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and foods were classified based on the NOVA system. Overweight, obesity, and abdominal obesity were defined as body mass index (BMI) ≥25 and < 30, ≥30, respectively, and waist circumference (WC) ≥91 for women and WC ≥ 89 for men. The odds of general and abdominal obesity across the quartiles of UPFs were assessed by binary logistic regression. UPFs consumption contributed to 20.17% of daily energy intake. After adjustment for potential confounders, UPFs consumption was not associated with general or abdominal obesity. However, in the fully adjusted model, men in the top quartile of UPFs were twice as likely to be overweight compared with those in the bottom quartile (OR = 2.06, 95% CI: 1.03, 4.10; P = 0.047). No association was found in women or stratified analysis by age. CONCLUSION The present findings suggest a sex-specific association between UPFs consumption and overweight. UPFs consumption might be associated with an increased risk of overweight in men, but no such association was found in women. Future cohort studies are required to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Haghighatdoost
- Interventional Cardiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - M Atefi
- Food and Drug Deputy, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - N Mohammadifard
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | | | - A Khosravi
- Hypertension Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - M Mansourian
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Department, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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32
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Effect of the food processing degree on cardiometabolic health outcomes: A prospective approach in childhood. Clin Nutr 2022; 41:2235-2243. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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33
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Lü K, Song X, Zhang P, Zhao W, Zhang N, Yang F, Guan W, Liu J, Huang H, Ho CT, Di R, Zhao H. Effects of Siraitia grosvenorii extracts on high fat diet-induced obese mice:a comparison with artificial sweetener aspartame. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2022.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Stampe S, Leth-Møller M, Greibe E, Hoffmann-Lücke E, Pedersen M, Ovesen P. Artificial Sweeteners in Breast Milk: A Clinical Investigation with a Kinetic Perspective. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132635. [PMID: 35807817 PMCID: PMC9268461 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Artificial sweeteners (ASs) are calorie-free chemical substances used instead of sugar to sweeten foods and drinks. Pregnant women with obesity or diabetes are often recommended to substitute sugary products with ASs to prevent an increase in body weight. However, some recent controversy surrounding ASs relates to concerns about the risk of obesity caused by a variety of metabolic changes, both in the mother and the offspring. This study addressed these concerns and investigated the biodistribution of ASs in plasma and breast milk of lactating women to clarify whether ASs can transfer from mother to offspring through breast milk. We recruited 49 lactating women who were provided with a beverage containing four different ASs (acesulfame-potassium, saccharin, cyclamate, and sucralose). Blood and breast milk samples were collected before and up to six hours after consumption. The women were categorized: BMI < 25 (n = 20), BMI > 27 (n = 21) and type 1 diabetes (n = 8). We found that all four ASs were present in maternal plasma and breast milk. The time-to-peak was 30−120 min in plasma and 240−300 min in breast milk. Area under the curve (AUC) ratios in breast milk were 88.9% for acesulfame-potassium, 38.9% for saccharin, and 1.9% for cyclamate. We observed no differences in ASs distributions between the groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Stampe
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Aarhus University Hospital and Steno Diabetes Centre Aarhus, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark;
- Comparative Medicine Laboratory, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark;
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Health, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; (E.G.); (E.H.-L.)
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (P.O.); Tel.: +45-31714417 (S.S.); +45-30714824 (P.O.)
| | - Magnus Leth-Møller
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Aarhus University Hospital and Steno Diabetes Centre Aarhus, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark;
- Comparative Medicine Laboratory, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark;
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Health, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; (E.G.); (E.H.-L.)
| | - Eva Greibe
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Health, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; (E.G.); (E.H.-L.)
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Elke Hoffmann-Lücke
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Health, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; (E.G.); (E.H.-L.)
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Michael Pedersen
- Comparative Medicine Laboratory, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark;
| | - Per Ovesen
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Aarhus University Hospital and Steno Diabetes Centre Aarhus, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark;
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Health, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; (E.G.); (E.H.-L.)
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (P.O.); Tel.: +45-31714417 (S.S.); +45-30714824 (P.O.)
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35
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Mendoza-Pérez S, García-Gómez RS, Durán-Domínguez-de-Bazúa MDC. Chronic intake of nutritive sweeteners and saccharin increases levels of glycolytic and lipogenic enzymes in rat liver. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2022; 73:927-939. [PMID: 35708269 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2022.2088705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
There are doubts about the impact of non-nutritive sweeteners consumption on lipogenic and glycolytic metabolism. Therefore, the objective was to determine the effects of chronic consumption of sweeteners on the activity levels of the enzymes glucokinase (GK), phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1), pyruvate kinase (PKL), acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC), and fatty acid synthase (FAS) in livers' extracts. Groups of male and female Wistar rats drank solutions of sweeteners for 480 days: Sucrose 10%, glucose 14%, fructose 7%, acesulfame K 0.05%, aspartame:acesulfame mixture 1.55%, sucralose 0.017%, saccharin 0.033%, and a control group. The enzymatic activity in livers' extracts was determined. Likewise, the levels of glucose, triglycerides, insulin, glucagon, and leptin were determined. In both genders, there were significant differences in the levels of enzymatic activity, hormonal, and biochemical parameters due to sweeteners consumption. The highest glycolytic and lipogenic enzyme activity levels were observed in the groups that ingested nutritive sweeteners and saccharin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Mendoza-Pérez
- Laboratories of Environmental Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rolando Salvador García-Gómez
- Laboratories of Environmental Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María-Del-Carmen Durán-Domínguez-de-Bazúa
- Laboratories of Environmental Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
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Muenprasitivej N, Tao R, Nardone SJ, Cho S. The Effect of Steviol Glycosides on Sensory Properties and Acceptability of Ice Cream. Foods 2022; 11:foods11121745. [PMID: 35741943 PMCID: PMC9223086 DOI: 10.3390/foods11121745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been a challenge in overcoming the bitter aftertaste of stevia, a natural non-caloric sweetener. Recent research focuses on investigating various types of steviol glycosides, the sweet compounds in stevia leaves, as they exhibit different sensory characteristics. This study determined the sensory properties and acceptability of ice cream sweetened solely with three steviol glycosides, rebaudioside (Reb) A, D, and M (0.09% w/v), using sucrose-sweetened ice cream as a control (14% w/v). Ice cream consumers (n = 92) rated their overall liking, attribute liking, and sweetness and bitterness intensities and described the aftertastes of each sample using check-all-that-apply. The liking scores of Reb D- and M-sweetened ice creams were significantly higher than those of Reb A-sweetened ice cream. Among the three glycosides, only Reb M showed a sweetness intensity comparable with that of sucrose. Consumers perceived the aftertastes of Reb D and M ice creams as being more sweet, pleasant, creamy, and milky, while Reb A was more artificial and chemical. Reb D and M ice creams were also plotted close to sucrose in the correspondence analysis graph, meaning that their aftertaste characteristics were similar to those of sucrose. The present study clearly highlights that Reb D and M have better tastes and provide better perceptions to consumers than Reb A, which is the most widely used glycoside in food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ran Tao
- Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
| | - Sarah Jeanne Nardone
- Department of Poultry Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (N.M.); (S.J.N.)
| | - Sungeun Cho
- Department of Poultry Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (N.M.); (S.J.N.)
- Correspondence:
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Soft drink and non-caloric soft drink intake and their association with blood pressure: the Health Workers Cohort Study. Nutr J 2022; 21:37. [PMID: 35668525 PMCID: PMC9171938 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-022-00792-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A few prospective studies have investigated the potential association of soft drink and non-caloric soft drink intake with high blood pressure using methods that adequately consider changes in intake over time and hypertensive status at baseline. Objective To prospectively examine the association of soft drink and non-caloric soft drink intake with systolic and diastolic blood pressure in a sample of Mexican adults, overall and by hypertension status. Methods We used data from the Health Workers Cohort Study spanning from 2004 to 2018 (n = 1,324 adults). Soft drink and non-caloric soft drink intake were assessed with a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. We fit multivariable-adjusted fixed-effects models to test the association of soft drink and non-caloric soft drink intake with systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The models were adjusted for potential confounders and considering the potential modifying effect of hypertension status at baseline. Results A one-serving increase in soft drink intake was associated with a 2.08 mm Hg (95% CI: 0.21, 3.94) increase in systolic blood pressure and 2.09 mm Hg (95% CI: 0.81, 3.36) increase in diastolic blood pressure over ten years. A stronger association between soft drink intake and diastolic pressure was observed among participants with versus without hypertension at baseline. We found no association between non-caloric soft drink intake and blood pressure. Conclusions Our findings support the hypothesis that soft drink intake increases blood pressure. While further studies should be conducted to confirm our findings, food policies and recommendations to limit soft drink intake are likely to help reduce blood pressure at the population level. We probably did not find an association between non-caloric soft drink intake and blood pressure because of the low consumption of this type of beverage in the cohort. More studies will be needed to understand the potential effect of non-caloric beverages on blood pressure. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12937-022-00792-y.
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Bilal M, Ji L, Xu S, Zhang Y, Iqbal HMN, Cheng H. Bioprospecting and biotechnological insights into sweet-tasting proteins by microbial hosts-a review. Bioengineered 2022; 13:9815-9828. [PMID: 35435127 PMCID: PMC9161876 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2061147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Owing to various undesirable health effects of sugar overconsumption, joint efforts are being made by industrial sectors and regulatory authorities to reduce sugar consumption practices, worldwide. Artificial sweeteners are considered potential substitutes in several products, e.g., sugar alcohols (polyols), high-fructose corn syrup, powdered drink mixes, and other beverages. Nevertheless, their long-standing health effects continue to be debatable. Consequently, growing interest has been shifted in producing non-caloric sweetenersfrom renewable resources to meet consumers' dietary requirements. Except for the lysozyme protein, various sweet proteins including thaumatin, mabinlin, brazzein, monellin, miraculin, pentadin, and curculin have been identified in tropical plants. Given the high cost and challenging extortion of natural resources, producing these sweet proteins using engineered microbial hosts, such as Yarrowia lipolytica, Pichia pastoris, Hansenula polymorpha, Candida boidinii, Arxula adeninivorans, Pichia methanolica, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Kluyveromyces lactis represents an appealing choice. Engineering techniques can be applied for large-scale biosynthesis of proteins, which can be used in biopharmaceutical, food, diagnostic, and medicine industries. Nevertheless, extensive work needs to be undertaken to address technical challenges in microbial production of sweet-tasting proteins in bulk. This review spotlights historical aspects, physicochemical properties (taste, safety, stability, solubility, and cost), and recombinant biosynthesis of sweet proteins. Moreover, future opportunities for process improvement based on metabolic engineering strategies are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, China
| | - Liyun Ji
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuo Xu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hafiz M. N. Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Hairong Cheng
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- CONTACT Hairong Cheng Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Acton RB, Vanderlee L, Adams J, Kirkpatrick SI, Pedraza LS, Sacks G, White CM, White M, Hammond D. Tax awareness and perceived cost of sugar-sweetened beverages in four countries between 2017 and 2019: findings from the international food policy study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2022; 19:38. [PMID: 35361251 PMCID: PMC8973878 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-022-01277-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The public health benefits of sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) taxes often rely on, among other things, changes to consumer purchases. Thus, perceived cost of SSBs and signalling effects-via awareness of the tax-may impact the effectiveness of SSB taxes on consumer purchases. OBJECTIVE The study sought to examine perceived cost of SSBs, tax awareness, and changes in beverage purchasing over time and across four countries with and without SSB taxes. METHODS The study used data from the 2017, 2018 and 2019 waves of the International Food Policy Study. Annual cross-sectional online surveys were conducted in Australia, Mexico, UK and US, which captured perceived cost of SSBs relative to non-SSBs in all countries (with Australia as a no-tax comparator), and measures of tax awareness and participants' reported changes in beverage purchasing in response to SSB taxes in Mexico (tax implemented in 2014), UK (tax implemented in 2018) and US (subnational taxes since 2015). Logistic regression models evaluated the measures across years and socio-demographic groups. RESULTS Perceived cost of SSBs relative to non-SSBs was higher in Mexico (all three years) and the UK (2018 and 2019 following tax implementation) than Australia and the US. Tax awareness was higher in UK than Mexico, and decreased over time among Mexican respondents. Patterns of reported beverage purchasing changes in response to the tax were similar across Mexico, UK and US, with the largest changes reported by Mexican respondents. Respondents with characteristics corresponding to lower socioeconomic status were less likely to be aware of an SSB tax, but more likely to perceive SSBs to cost more than non-SSBs and report changes in purchasing in response to the tax, where there was one. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that in countries where a national SSB tax was present (Mexico, UK), perceived cost of SSBs and tax awareness were higher compared to countries with no SSB tax (Australia) or subnational SSB taxes (US), respectively, and suggests that perceived cost and tax awareness represent distinct constructs. Improving the 'signalling effect' of existing SSB taxes may be warranted, particularly in tax settings where consumer behaviour change is a policy objective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel B Acton
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Lana Vanderlee
- École de Nutrition, Centre de Nutrition, Santé Et Société (NUTRISS), Université Laval, 2425 rue de L'Agriculture, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Jean Adams
- Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), MRC Epidemiology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Box 285, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Sharon I Kirkpatrick
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Lilia S Pedraza
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Col. Santa María Ahuacatitlán, Cerrada los Pinos Y Caminera, Av. Universidad 655, C.P. 62100, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Gary Sacks
- Global Obesity Centre, Deakin University, Melbourne Burwood Campus, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia
| | - Christine M White
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Martin White
- Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), MRC Epidemiology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Box 285, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - David Hammond
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
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Pittaras E, Hamelin H, Granon S. Inter-Individual Differences in Cognitive Tasks: Focusing on the Shaping of Decision-Making Strategies. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:818746. [PMID: 35431831 PMCID: PMC9007591 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.818746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we review recent (published and novel) data showing inter-individual variation in decision-making strategies established by mice in a gambling task (MGT for Mouse Gambling Task). It may look intriguing, at first, that congenic animals develop divergent behaviors. However, using large groups of mice, we show that individualities emerge in the MGT, with about 30% of healthy mice displaying risk-averse choices while about 20-25% of mice make risk-prone choices. These strategies are accompanied by different brain network mobilization and individual levels of regional -prefrontal and striatal- monoamines. We further illustrate three ecological ways that influence drastically cognitive strategies in healthy adult mice: sleep deprivation, sucrose or artificial sweetener exposure, and regular exposure to stimulating environments. Questioning how to unmask individual strategies, what are their neural/neurochemical bases and whether we can shape or reshape them with different environmental manipulations is of great value, first to understand how the brain may build flexible decisions, and second to study behavioral plasticity, in healthy adult, as well as in developing brains. The latter may open new avenues for the identification of vulnerability traits to adverse events, before the emergence of mental pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Pittaras
- Heller Laboratory, Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Héloïse Hamelin
- Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 9197, Saclay, France
| | - Sylvie Granon
- Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 9197, Saclay, France
- *Correspondence: Sylvie Granon,
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Is There an Academic Bias against Low-Energy Sweeteners? Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071428. [PMID: 35406042 PMCID: PMC9003104 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This perspective considers evidence of a common academic bias against low-energy sweeteners (LES). The core proposition is that this bias is manifested in research and reporting focused on generating and placing a negative spin on LESs, largely through selective citation, interpretation and reporting. The evidence centres on three inter-related points, which together may generate a misleading impression of the balance of evidence: (1) basic and mechanistic research on LES perpetuates “explanations” for unsubstantiated adverse effects of LES; (2) the literature on LES—particularly narrative reviews and commentaries—continually reprises hypotheses of adverse effects without acknowledging where these hypotheses have been rigorously tested and rejected; and (3) negative interpretations of the effects of LES largely rely upon selectively emphasising lower-quality research whilst ignoring or dismissing higher-quality evidence. The expert community should consider these issues in assuring scientific integrity and balance in the academic discourse on LES, and how this is translated into messages for public health and consumers.
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Yeary KHCK, Quisenberry A, Hall MG, Yu H, Henry WAE, Rodriguez EM, Zoellner JM. Sweet Beverages and Cancer: A Scoping Review of Quantitative Studies. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2022; 15:377-390. [PMID: 35271710 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-21-0507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We conducted a scoping review of sweet beverages (SB) and cancer outcomes to ascertain SB's relationship with cancer by SB type and cancer type. We used the PRISMA Scoping Review Guidelines to review quantitative studies of SB and cancer. Eligible studies included articles reporting a quantitative association between SB intake and a cancer-related health outcome in humans, including adiposity-related vs. non-adiposity-related cancers. Studies included analyses not confounded by artificial sweeteners. SB was defined as beverages with added sugars, 100% fruit juices, or fruit drinks that were not 100% fruit juice. We used a data-charting form to extract study characteristics and results. A total of 38 were included. The sample consisted predominately of adults from European countries outside of the U.S. or predominately White samples in the U.S. Across all conceptualizations of SB, a greater proportion of studies examining carbonated drinks reported SB's relationship with poorer cancer outcomes, which was exacerbated in adiposity-related cancers. The composition of different types of SB (e.g. high fructose corn syrup, natural fructose) as they relate to cancer is important. Studies including more diverse populations that bear a disproportionate burden of both SB intake and cancer are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marissa G Hall
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Han Yu
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
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Novel Approaches to Tackling Emotional Loss of Control of Eating Across the Weight Spectrum. Proc Nutr Soc 2022; 81:255-263. [PMID: 35260206 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665122000994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Emotional overeating is a process that is particularly relevant to people within the binge spectrum of eating disorders. Approximately a third of people with overweight share this phenotype. In addition, this behaviour may occur in neurodevelopmental disorders (attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)) and other psychiatric disorders. The biopsychosocial underpinnings of emotional eating include a genetic vulnerability to a higher weight and various cognitive and emotional traits. The environment also plays a key role. For example, the commodification of food and beauty and exposure to weight stigma, unpleasant eating experiences and general adversity can set the scene. The majority of people with binge-eating disorder do not seek treatment (perhaps related to internalised stigma and shame). Hence opportunities for early intervention and secondary prevention are lost. Most guidelines for binge-eating disorder (based on the limited available research) recommend forms of cognitive psychotherapies and antidepressants. However, novel treatments that target underlying mechanisms are in development. These include interventions to improve emotional regulation and inhibitory control using neuromodulation and/or brain training. New technologies have been applied to talking therapies, including apps which can offer ‘just-in-time interventions’ or virtual reality or avatar work which can deliver more personalised interventions using complex scenarios. Drugs used for the treatment of ADHD, psychiatric and metabolic disorders may have the potential to be repurposed for binge-eating disorder. Thus, this is an area of rapid change with novel solutions being applied to this problem.
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Manoogian ENC, Chow LS, Taub PR, Laferrère B, Panda S. Time-restricted Eating for the Prevention and Management of Metabolic Diseases. Endocr Rev 2022; 43:405-436. [PMID: 34550357 PMCID: PMC8905332 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnab027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Time-restricted feeding (TRF, animal-based studies) and time-restricted eating (TRE, humans) are an emerging behavioral intervention approach based on the understanding of the role of circadian rhythms in physiology and metabolism. In this approach, all calorie intake is restricted within a consistent interval of less than 12 hours without overtly attempting to reduce calories. This article will summarize the origin of TRF/TRE starting with concept of circadian rhythms and the role of chronic circadian rhythm disruption in increasing the risk for chronic metabolic diseases. Circadian rhythms are usually perceived as the sleep-wake cycle and dependent rhythms arising from the central nervous system. However, the recent discovery of circadian rhythms in peripheral organs and the plasticity of these rhythms in response to changes in nutrition availability raised the possibility that adopting a consistent daily short window of feeding can sustain robust circadian rhythm. Preclinical animal studies have demonstrated proof of concept and identified potential mechanisms driving TRF-related benefits. Pilot human intervention studies have reported promising results in reducing the risk for obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Epidemiological studies have indicated that maintaining a consistent long overnight fast, which is similar to TRE, can significantly reduce risks for chronic diseases. Despite these early successes, more clinical and mechanistic studies are needed to implement TRE alone or as adjuvant lifestyle intervention for the prevention and management of chronic metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lisa S Chow
- University of Minnesota, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Pam R Taub
- University of California, San Diego, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, 9434 Medical Center Drive, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Blandine Laferrère
- New York Nutrition Obesity Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center; New York, New York 10032, USA
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Bayram HM, Ozturkcan A. Added sugars and non-nutritive sweeteners in the food supply: Are they a threat for consumers? Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022; 49:442-448. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Vardenafil Oral Dispersible Films (ODFs) with Advanced Dissolution, Palatability, and Bioavailability. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14030517. [PMID: 35335893 PMCID: PMC8951028 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral, quick response, and on demand, also known as a spontaneous oral treatment for erectile dysfunction, is highly needed by both patients and physicians. Vardenafil is selective (fewer side effects) and more effective in difficult-to-treat conditions than sildenafil. This study aims at fostering the dual objectives of using biomolecules such as artificial sweetening agents to solubilize and mask the bitterness of vardenafil loaded on biodegradable polymeric materials (PVA, MC, SA, and PVP K30) to fabricate oral, fast-dissolving films (vardenafil ODFs) in the mouth without the need for water to ingest the dosage form. Furthermore, coprecipitated-dispersed mixtures of vardenafil and three sweeteners (sorbitol, acesulfame K, and sucralose) were prepared and characterized using FTIR, DSC, and solubility studies. Moreover, eight different vardenafil ODFs were prepared using the solvent-casting method. Modified gustatory sensation test, in vitro disintegration, and release studies were performed. In addition, the optimized ODF (F8) was compared with the commercial film-coated tablets pharmacokinetically (relative bioavailability, onset, and duration of actions were estimated). The results indicated that the three sweetening agents had comparable solubilizing capacity. However, both sucralose- and acesulfame K-based ODFs have a more enhanced sweet and palatable taste than sorbitol-sweetened ODF. The SA- and PVP K30-based ODFs showed significantly faster disintegration times and release rates than MC. In conclusion, PVA has good film-forming properties, but a higher ratio of PVA adversely affected the disintegration and release characteristics. The % relative bioavailability for ODF was 126.5%, with a superior absorption rate constant (Ka) of 1.2-fold. The Cmax and estimated Tmax were compared to conventional film-coated tablets.
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Zhilinskaya N, Atayev M, Ivanchenko O, Kuznetsova T, Musta N, Blandov A. Comparative study of micronutrient content in soft rice beverages based on green and black tea. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20224802009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Soft beverages based on rice (“rice milk”) are hypoallergenic, increase immunity, supply the body with energy, and normalize the nervous system. Earlier, we developed soft rice beverage recipes based on boiled rice filtrate, green (black) tea water concentrate, stevia extract as a natural sweetener. Physico-chemical analysis of the content of micronutrients in soft rice-tea beverages was carried out. Comparative analysis of content of vitamins E (alpha-tocopherol) and C (ascorbic acid) showed that vitamins are presented in both types of beverages during production, but in different amounts. The rice beverage combined with green tea concentrate contains 1.33 times more potassium ions and 1.13 times less magnesium ions than the beverage based on black tea. The rice beverage combined with black tea contains 3.81 times more sodium ions compared to the beverage based on green tea. There were no significant differences in the number of magnesium ions. Both samples contained traces of manganese and iron ions. The produced soft rice-tea beverages with stevia extract could be recommended as a functional food.
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Neri D, Martínez-Steele E, Khandpur N, Levy R. Associations between ultra-processed foods consumption and indicators of adiposity in US adolescents: cross-sectional analysis of the NHANES 2011–2016. J Acad Nutr Diet 2022; 122:1474-1487.e2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Bridge-Comer PE, Vickers MH, Morton-Jones J, Spada A, Rong J, Reynolds CM. Impact of Maternal Intake of Artificial Sweetener, Acesulfame-K, on Metabolic and Reproductive Health Outcomes in Male and Female Mouse Offspring. Front Nutr 2021; 8:745203. [PMID: 34938757 PMCID: PMC8687087 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.745203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Guidelines advising pregnant women to avoid food and beverages with high fat and sugar have led to an increase in the consumption of "diet" options sweetened by artificial sweeteners (AS). Yet, there is limited information regarding the impact of AS intake during pregnancy on the long-term risk of cardiometabolic and reproductive complications in adult offspring. This study examined the influence of maternal acesulfame-K (Ace-K) and fructose consumption on metabolic and reproductive outcomes in offspring. Pregnant C57BL/6 mice received standard chow ad-libitum with either water (CD), fructose (Fr; 20% kcal intake), or AS (AS; 12.5 mM Ace-K) throughout pregnancy and lactation (n = 8/group). Postweaning offspring were maintained on a CD diet for the remainder of the experiment. Body weight, food intake, and water intake were measured weekly. Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) were undertaken at 12 weeks, and the offspring were culled at week 14. Female, but not male, AS groups exhibited decreased glucose tolerance compared to Fr. There was an increase in gonadal fat adipocyte size in male offspring from AS and Fr groups compared to CD groups. In female offspring, adipocyte size was increased in the Fr group compared to the CD group. In female, but not male offspring, there was a trend toward increase in Fasn gene expression in AS group compared to the CD group. Maternal AS and Fr also negatively impacted upon female offspring estrus cycles and induced alterations to markers associated with ovulation. In summary, exposure to Ace-k via the maternal diet leads to impaired glucose tolerance and impacts adipocyte size in a sex-specific manner as well as significantly affecting estrus cycles and related gene markers in female offspring. This has implications in terms of providing tailored dietary advice for pregnant women and highlights the potential negative influence of artificial sweetener intake in the context of intergenerational impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark H Vickers
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Ana Spada
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jing Rong
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Clare M Reynolds
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science/Conway Institute/Institute of Food and Health/Diabetes Complications Research Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
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Movahedian M, Golzan SA, Ashtary-Larky D, Clark CCT, Asbaghi O, Hekmatdoost A. The effects of artificial- and stevia-based sweeteners on lipid profile in adults: a GRADE-assessed systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression of randomized clinical trials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-17. [PMID: 34882023 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.2012641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
It has been posited that Non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) intake may affect lipid profile. However, its proven effects on lipid profile are unclear, as clinical studies on this topic have produced inconsistent results. To fill this gap in knowledge, this systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) sought to evaluate the effects of artificial- and stevia-based sweeteners consumption on lipid profile markers. To identify eligible RCTs, a systematic search up to April 2021 was completed in PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and EMBASE, using relevant keywords. A random-effect model was utilized to estimate the weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence (95% CI) for TG, TC, and LDL. On the other hand, a fixed-effect model was used to estimate the WMD and 95% CI for HDL. Fourteen RCTs were included in the present meta-analysis. The pooled analysis revealed that NNS did not affect TG (WMD:-1.31, 95% CI:-5.89, 3.27 mg/dl), TC (WMD:-2.27,95% CI:-7.61,3.07 mg/dl), LDL (WMD:1,95% CI: -2.72, 4.71 mg/dl), and HDL (WMD:0.06, 95% CI:-0.62,0.73 mg/dl). Subgroup analysis showed that NNS may be related to a small, but statistically significant, increase in LDL (WMD:4.23, 95% CI:0.50,7.96 mg/dl) in subjects with normal levels of LDL (<100 mg/dl). We found that consumption of artificial- and stevia-based sweeteners is not associated with lipid profile changes in adults. This study has been registered at PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42021250025).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Movahedian
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Amirhossein Golzan
- Student Research Committee, Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Damoon Ashtary-Larky
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Cain C T Clark
- Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Omid Asbaghi
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azita Hekmatdoost
- Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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