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Ellouze I, Korlagunta K, Lucas EA, Payton M, Singar S, Arjmandi BH. The Effects of Flaxseed Consumption on Glycemic Control in Native American Postmenopausal Women with Hyperglycemia and Hyperlipidemia. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:1392. [PMID: 39057535 PMCID: PMC11276366 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12141392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Glucose control in postmenopausal women is influenced by many factors, such as hormones, lifestyle variables, and genetics. Limited data exist on the effect of whole flaxseed on glucose status in postmenopausal Native American women. The aim of this study was to investigate the glucose management effect of a flaxseed dietary intervention on postmenopausal Native American women. In this study, 55 Native American postmenopausal women (aged 47-63 years) with borderline hyperglycemia (>100 and <126 mg/dL) and mild to moderate hypercholestorolemia (≥200 to ≤380 mmol/L), who were not on hormone replacement therapy, were enrolled. Participants were randomly assigned to one of the three dietary regimens (control, flaxseed, and flaxseed + fiber) for three months, receiving interventions in the form of bread, muffins, and flaxseed powder. Despite daily consumption of flaxseed across diverse food formats, no significant changes in glucose (p = 0.3, p = 0.2), insulin levels (p = 0.59, p = 0.9), or HOMA-IR (p = 0.84, p = 0.66) were observed compared to their respective baseline values within the flaxseed and flaxseed + fiber groups, respectively. Conversely, the control group showed a significant rise in final glucose values from baseline (p = 0.01). However, the incorporation of ground flaxseed into low-glycemic foods holds potential for beneficial effects through maintaining glucose status among postmenopausal Native American women. This research provides critical insights into the effects of flaxseed, emphasizing the need for continued exploration to understand its role in supporting glucose management among postmenopausal Native American women. Further exploration is required to investigate the potential long-term impact and the use of flaxseed in managing glucose levels in this demographic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Ellouze
- Functional Physiology and Bio-Resources Valorization Laboratory, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, Jendouba University, Beja 9000, Tunisia
| | | | - Edralin A. Lucas
- Nutritional Sciences, College of Education and Human Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Mark Payton
- Biomedical Sciences, Rocky Vista University, Englewood, CO 80112, USA;
| | - Saiful Singar
- Nutrition, Food, and Exercise Sciences, College of Human Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Bahram H. Arjmandi
- Nutrition, Food, and Exercise Sciences, College of Human Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
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Wu H, Zhang XH, Wang LP, Tian HD, Liu GR, Yang DH, Liu SL. Successful Outcome of a Patient with Concomitant Pancreatic and Renal Carcinoma Receiving Secoisolariciresinol Diglucoside Therapy Alone: A Case Report. Int Med Case Rep J 2024; 17:167-175. [PMID: 38504721 PMCID: PMC10949998 DOI: 10.2147/imcrj.s446184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pancreatic cancer (PC) is among the deadliest malignancies. Kidney cancer (KC) is a common malignancy globally. Chemo- or radio-therapies are not very effective to control PC or KC, and overdoses often cause severe site reactions to the patients. As a result, novel treatment strategies with high efficacy but without toxic side effects are urgently desired. Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) belongs to plant lignans with potential anticancer activities, but clinical evidence is not available in PC or KC treatment. Patient Concerns We report a rare case of an 83-year-old female patient with pancreatic and kidney occupying lesions that lacked the conditions to receive surgery or chemo- or radiotherapy. Diagnosis Pancreatic and kidney cancers. Interventions We gave dietary SDG to the patient as the only therapeutics. Outcomes SDG effectively halted progression of both PC and KC. All clinical manifestations, including bad insomnia, loss of appetite, stomach symptoms, and skin itching over the whole body, all disappeared. The initial massive macroscopic hematuria became microscopic and infrequent, and other laboratory results also gradually returned to normal. Most of the cancer biomarkers, initially high such as CEA, CA199, CA724, CA125, came down rapidly, among which CA199 changed most radically. This patient has had progression-free survival of one year so far. Conclusion These results demonstrate the potent inhibitory effects of SDG on PC and KC of this patient and provide promising novel therapeutics for refractory malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratory of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Biotherapy of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Gut Microbiota and Pharmacogenomics of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
- Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xing-Hua Zhang
- Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratory of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Gut Microbiota and Pharmacogenomics of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
- Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Ping Wang
- KangYuan Hospital, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
- Xun-Qi Medicine Clinic, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong-Da Tian
- Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratory of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Gut Microbiota and Pharmacogenomics of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
- Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gui-Rong Liu
- Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratory of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Gut Microbiota and Pharmacogenomics of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
- Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dong-Hui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shu-Lin Liu
- Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratory of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Gut Microbiota and Pharmacogenomics of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
- Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
- KangYuan Hospital, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
- Xun-Qi Medicine Clinic, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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Chand M, Chopra R, Talwar B, Homroy S, Singh PK, Dhiman A, Payyunni AW. Unveiling the potential of linseed mucilage, its health benefits, and applications in food packaging. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1334247. [PMID: 38385008 PMCID: PMC10879465 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1334247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Industrial waste products derived from the oil industry often contain valuable substances and elements with great potential. These by-products can be used for various purposes, including as nutrients, bioactive compounds, fuels, and polymers. Linseed mucilage (LM) is one such example of a beneficial by-product obtained from linseed. It possesses favorable chemical and functional properties, depending on its method of extraction. Different pretreatments, such as enzymatic extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, pulse electric field, and ultrasound-assisted extraction, have been explored by various researchers to enhance both the yield and quality of mucilage. Furthermore, LM has exhibited therapeutic effects in the treatment of obesity, diabetes, constipation, hyperlipidemia, cancer, and other lifestyle diseases. Additionally, it demonstrates favorable functional characteristics that make it suitable to be used in bioplastic production. These properties preserve food quality, prolong shelf life, and confer antimicrobial activity. It also has the potential to be used as a packaging material, especially considering the increasing demand for sustainable and biodegradable alternatives to plastics because of their detrimental impact on environmental health. This review primarily focuses on different extraction techniques used for linseed mucilage, its mechanism of action in terms of health benefits, and potential applications in food packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Chand
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Haryana, India
| | - Rajni Chopra
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Haryana, India
| | - Binanshu Talwar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Haryana, India
| | - Snigdha Homroy
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Haryana, India
| | - Priyanka Kumari Singh
- Department of Food and Nutrition and Food Technology, Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Aishwarya Dhiman
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Haryana, India
| | - Abdul Wahid Payyunni
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Haryana, India
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Zhang X, Chen J, Zhou S, Jiang Y, Wang Y, Li Y. The effect of flaxseed oil after deep frying on lipid metabolism and gut barrier homeostasis. Food Res Int 2024; 175:113728. [PMID: 38129043 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Flaxseed oil (FO) has been demonstrated its multiple beneficial effects in vivo due to high concentration of α-linolenic acid. The deterioration of FO can be triggered by high temperature heating during the deep frying process resulting in alteration of healthy properties. In this study, the effect of FO before and after deep frying on lipid metabolism and gut homeostasis of rats was investigated compared to deep-fried palm oil (DPO) treated group. Deep-fried flaxseed oil (DFO) treatment significantly enhanced the triglyceride accumulation in serum and liver tissues of rats. A greater increase of peroxides and proinflammatory cytokine levels was found in the serum of DFO treated rats compared to other groups. The histopathologic data indicated that DFO and DPO reduced the villus height of intestinal and colonic tissues and increased the inflammatory cell infiltration. The inflammatory cytokines (TNFα and IL-6) were enhanced and the key markers of epithelia colonic tissues (occludin and MUC-2) were suppressed in rats with DFO interventions, which is in consistency with histopathologic results. In addition, FO could increase the number of beneficial bacteria while the relative abundance of obesity and inflammatory-related bacteria was promoted by DFO treatment, including Ruminococcaceae, Prevotellaceae, and Selenomonadales. In conclusion, DFO intake had a significant impact on the disruption of gut barrier homeostasis, potentially worsening the dysbiosis than DPO. The beneficial effects of FO in vivo could be significantly reduced by extreme deep frying, which suggests the need for moderate cooking edible oils such as FO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- Guangdong International Joint Research Center for Oilseeds Biorefinery, Nutrition and Safety, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Guangdong International Joint Research Center for Oilseeds Biorefinery, Nutrition and Safety, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Shengmin Zhou
- Wilmar (Shanghai) Biotechnology Research and Development Center Co., Ltd., 118 Gaodong Road, Pudong New District, 200137, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanrong Jiang
- Wilmar (Shanghai) Biotechnology Research and Development Center Co., Ltd., 118 Gaodong Road, Pudong New District, 200137, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Guangdong International Joint Research Center for Oilseeds Biorefinery, Nutrition and Safety, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Ying Li
- Guangdong International Joint Research Center for Oilseeds Biorefinery, Nutrition and Safety, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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Hu Y, Tse TJ, Shim YY, Purdy SK, Kim YJ, Meda V, Reaney MJT. A review of flaxseed lignan and the extraction and refinement of secoisolariciresinol diglucoside. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:5057-5072. [PMID: 36448088 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2148627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Lignan is a class of diphenolic compounds that arise from the condensation of two phenylpropanoid moieties. Oilseed and cereal crops (e.g., flaxseed, sesame seed, wheat, barley, oats, rye, etc.) are major sources of plant lignan. Methods for commercial isolation of the lignan secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) are not well reported, as most publications describing the detection, extraction, and enrichment of SDG use methods that have not been optimized for commercial scale lignan recovery. Simply scaling up laboratory methods would require expensive infrastructure to achieve a marketable yield and reproducible product quality. Therefore, establishing standard protocols to produce SDG and its derivatives on an industrial scale is critical to decrease lignan cost and increase market opportunities. This review summarizes the human health benefits of flaxseed lignan consumption, lignan physicochemical properties, and mammalian lignan metabolism, and describes methods for detecting, extracting, and enriching flaxseed lignan. Refining and optimization of these methods could lead to the development of inexpensive lignan sources for application as an ingredient in medicines, dietary supplements, and other healthy ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxue Hu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Timothy J Tse
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Youn Young Shim
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
- Guangdong Saskatchewan Oilseed Joint Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Sarah K Purdy
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Young Jun Kim
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong, Korea
| | - Venkatesh Meda
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Martin J T Reaney
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Guangdong Saskatchewan Oilseed Joint Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Dacrema M, Ali A, Ullah H, Khan A, Di Minno A, Xiao J, Martins AMC, Daglia M. Spice-Derived Bioactive Compounds Confer Colorectal Cancer Prevention via Modulation of Gut Microbiota. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225682. [PMID: 36428774 PMCID: PMC9688386 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most frequent cause of cancer-related mortality among all types of malignancies. Sedentary lifestyles, obesity, smoking, red and processed meat, low-fiber diets, inflammatory bowel disease, and gut dysbiosis are the most important risk factors associated with CRC pathogenesis. Alterations in gut microbiota are positively correlated with colorectal carcinogenesis, as these can dysregulate the immune response, alter the gut's metabolic profile, modify the molecular processes in colonocytes, and initiate mutagenesis. Changes in the daily diet, and the addition of plant-based nutraceuticals, have the ability to modulate the composition and functionality of the gut microbiota, maintaining gut homeostasis and regulating host immune and inflammatory responses. Spices are one of the fundamental components of the human diet that are used for their bioactive properties (i.e., antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects) and these exert beneficial effects on health, improving digestion and showing anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and glucose- and cholesterol-lowering activities, as well as possessing properties that affect cognition and mood. The anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties of spices could be useful in the prevention of various types of cancers that affect the digestive system. This review is designed to summarize the reciprocal interactions between dietary spices and the gut microbiota, and highlight the impact of dietary spices and their bioactive compounds on colorectal carcinogenesis by targeting the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Dacrema
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Arif Ali
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60430372, Brazil
| | - Hammad Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Ayesha Khan
- Department of Medicine, Combined Military Hospital Nowshera, Nowshera 24110, Pakistan
| | - Alessandro Di Minno
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidade de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Alice Maria Costa Martins
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60430372, Brazil
| | - Maria Daglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Correspondence:
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Abtahi M, Mirlohi A, Sharif-Moghaddam N, Ataii E. Revealing seed color variation and their possible association with yield and quality traits in a diversity panel of flax ( Linum Usitatissimum L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1038079. [PMID: 36438141 PMCID: PMC9691844 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1038079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Seed color is a vital quality determinant of flax, significant for consumers' acceptability, and determines the commercial values of seeds. Also, seed color as a phenotypic marker may be a convenient way to select the plants with desired traits. This study assessed a diversity panel representing 144 flax genotypes from diverse geographical origins for the existence of genetic variability for luminosity (L*) and chromaticity (a* and b*) seed color parameters, seed yield, and quality traits over two years. The genetic variance was significant for seed color parameters, demonstrating the presence of significant genetic variability, which provides a resource to objectively evaluate and select flax genotypes based on seed color according to the market demand. High heritability combined with the high genotypic coefficient of variation observed for seed yield, oil, and protein content suggested a better genetic gain upon selecting these traits. Seed yield, seed quality traits, and phenological traits showed significant negative correlation with L* and b* parameters and positive correlation with a* suggesting that the seeds' dark background and brown color can serve as marker characters to prescreen early-flowering, high-yielding and oil and protein-rich genotypes. Interestingly 48 brown-seeded genotypes were identified as early-flowering with short height, large seeds, high thousand seed weight, and capsule diameter. In addition, 34 genotypes were characterized by light-colored yellow seeds, large seeds, late-flowering with shorter height, and high branch numbers. Our results highlighted that North America and Australia-belonged genotypes were lighter yellow-seeded than the ones from other continents. Flax genotypes from South America and Asia were high-yielding, while genotypes from North America were low-yielding genotypes. Moreover, darker brown-seeded genotypes have prevailed in the South American continent.
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Lunasin peptide promotes lysosome-mitochondrial mediated apoptosis and mitotic termination in MDA-MB-231 cells. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2022.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Ma J, Sun J, Bai H, Ma H, Wang K, Wang J, Yu X, Pan Y, Yao J. Influence of Flax Seeds on the Gut Microbiota of Elderly Patients with Constipation. J Multidiscip Healthc 2022; 15:2407-2418. [PMID: 36299564 PMCID: PMC9590345 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s379708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study was to explore the influence of flax seeds on the gut microbiota of elderly patients with functional constipation. Patients and Methods Sixty elderly patients (68.68±8.73 years) with functional constipation were recruited between January 2018 and March 2018. They received oral flax seeds (50 g/d) for one month. Bowel habits and adverse events were recorded before and after treatment. Fresh stool was collected before and after treatment and the amplification product of 16S rRNA V5 region was sequenced using the next-generation sequencing technique on the Ion Torrent PGM platform. The gut microbiota were analyzed before and after flax seeds treatment in the same subject. Results Flax-seed treatment significantly increased the frequency of defecation and decreased abdominal distension in elderly patients with chronic constipation. The majority of gut bacteria belonged to the phyla of Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria, accounting for 98.71%. After flax seeds treatment, the diversity of bacterial clusters significantly increased with increases of Roseburia_hominis, Pseudomonas_azotoformans, uncultured_Clostridiales_bacterium, Blautia_obeum, Ruminococcus_sp._16442, Pyramidobacter_piscolens, Acinetobacter_lwoffii, Prevotella_melaninogenica. The abundance of Blautia in patients with chronic constipation was significantly lower than healthy controls, while Blautia_obeum increased significantly after flax seed treatment. Blautia_obeum might be the predominant genus accounting for the therapeutic effect of flax seeds. Conclusion Flax seeds may improve the defecation in elderly patients with chronic constipation and change intestinal microecological structure. Thus, flax seeds may serve as an effective diet supplement in the management of chronic constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxia Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianqin Sun
- Clinical Nutrition Center, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huijing Bai
- Clinical Nutrition Center, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Houlian Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiru Pan
- Clinical Laboratory, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianfeng Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Jianfeng Yao, Department of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, No. 221. Road West Yanan, Shanghai, 200040, People’s Republic of China, Tel +862162483180, Email
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Wang T, Brown NM, McCoy AN, Sandler RS, Keku TO. Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, Gut Microbiota, Microbial Metabolites, and Risk of Colorectal Adenomas. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:4443. [PMID: 36139601 PMCID: PMC9496906 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14184443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) are thought to protect against colorectal adenoma (CRA) development. We aimed to further understand the underlying mechanisms by examining the relationships between ω-3 PUFAs and the gut microbiota on CRAs. We assessed the mucosal microbiota via bacterial 16S rRNA sequencing among 217 CRA cases and 218 controls who completed PUFA intake questionnaires. The overall microbial composition was assessed by α-diversity measurements (diversity, richness, and evenness). Global metabolomics was conducted using a random subset of case−control pairs (n = 50). We compared microbiota and metabolite signatures between cases and controls according to fold change (FC). Odds ratios (OR) and confidence intervals (CI) were estimated from logistic regression for associations of ω-3 PUFAs and the microbiota with CRAs. We observed an inverse association between overall ω-3 PUFA intake and CRAs, especially for short-chain ω -3 PUFAs (OR = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.21, 0.97). Such inverse associations were modified by bacterial evenness (p-interaction = 0.03). Participants with higher levels (FC > 2) of bile acid-relevant metabolites were more likely to have CRAs than the controls, and the correlation between bile acids and bacterial diversity differed by case−control status. Our findings suggest that ω-3 PUFAs are inversely associated with CRA development, and the association may be modified by gut microbiota profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengteng Wang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nicole M. Brown
- Center for Gastrointestinal Disease and Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Amber N. McCoy
- Center for Gastrointestinal Disease and Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Robert S. Sandler
- Center for Gastrointestinal Disease and Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Temitope O. Keku
- Center for Gastrointestinal Disease and Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Patyra A, Kołtun-Jasion M, Jakubiak O, Kiss AK. Extraction Techniques and Analytical Methods for Isolation and Characterization of Lignans. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11172323. [PMID: 36079704 PMCID: PMC9460740 DOI: 10.3390/plants11172323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lignans are a group of natural polyphenols present in medicinal plants and in plants which are a part of the human diet for which more and more pharmacological activities, such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, and cytoprotective, are being reported. However, it is their cytotoxic activities that are best understood and which have shed light on this group. Two anticancer drugs, etoposide, and teniposide, were derived from a potent cytotoxic agent—podophyllotoxin from the roots of Podophyllum peltatum. The evidence from clinical and observational studies suggests that human microbiota metabolites (enterolactone, enterodiol) of dietary lignans (secoisolariciresinol, pinoresinol, lariciresinol, matairesinol, syringaresinol, medioresinol, and sesamin) are associated with a reduced risk of some hormone-dependent cancers. The biological in vitro, pharmacological in vivo investigations, and clinical studies demand significant amounts of pure compounds, as well as the use of well-defined and standardized extracts. That is why proper extract preparation, optimization of lignan extraction, and identification are crucial steps in the development of lignan use in medicine. This review focuses on lignan extraction, purification, fractionation, separation, and isolation methods, as well as on chromatographic, spectrometric, and spectroscopic techniques for their qualitative and quantitative analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Patyra
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34293 Montpellier, France
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (A.K.K.); Tel.: +48-662-11-77-90 (A.P.); +48-511-13-98-03 (A.K.K.)
| | - Małgorzata Kołtun-Jasion
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Oktawia Jakubiak
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Karolina Kiss
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (A.K.K.); Tel.: +48-662-11-77-90 (A.P.); +48-511-13-98-03 (A.K.K.)
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12
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Hossain MS, Kader MA, Goh KW, Islam M, Khan MS, Harun-Ar Rashid M, Ooi DJ, Melo Coutinho HD, Al-Worafi YM, Moshawih S, Lim YC, Kibria KMK, Ming LC. Herb and Spices in Colorectal Cancer Prevention and Treatment: A Narrative Review. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:865801. [PMID: 35846992 PMCID: PMC9280164 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.865801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most deadly cancer worldwide. CRC management is challenging due to late detection, high recurrence rate, and multi-drug resistance. Herbs and spices used in cooking, practised for generations, have been shown to contain CRC protective effect or even be useful as an anti-CRC adjuvant therapy when used in high doses. Herbs and spices contain many bioactive compounds and possess many beneficial health effects. The chemopreventive properties of these herbs and spices are mainly mediated by the BCL-2, K-ras, and MMP pathways, caspase activation, the extrinsic apoptotic pathway, and the regulation of ER-stress-induced apoptosis. As a safer natural alternative, these herbs and spices could be good candidates for chemopreventive or chemotherapeutic agents for CRC management because of their antiproliferative action on colorectal carcinoma cells and inhibitory activity on angiogenesis. Therefore, in this narrative review, six different spices and herbs: ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe), turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), garlic (Allium sativum L.), fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.), sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), and flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) used in daily cuisine were selected for this study and analyzed for their chemoprotective or chemotherapeutic roles in CRC management with underlying molecular mechanisms of actions. Initially, this study comprehensively discussed the molecular basis of CRC development, followed by culinary and traditional uses, current scientific research, and publications of selected herbs and spices on cancers. Lead compounds have been discussed comprehensively for each herb and spice, including anti-CRC phytoconstituents, antioxidant activities, anti-inflammatory properties, and finally, anti-CRC effects with treatment mechanisms. Future possible works have been suggested where applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Sanower Hossain
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Malaysia
- Faculty of Science, Sristy College of Tangail, Tangail, Bangladesh
- *Correspondence: Md. Sanower Hossain, ; Long Chiau Ming,
| | - Md. Abdul Kader
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh
| | - Khang Wen Goh
- Faculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, Nilai, Malaysia
| | | | - Md. Sharif Khan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Harun-Ar Rashid
- Department of Nutrition and Food Engineering, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Der Jiun Ooi
- Department of Oral Biology & Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, MAHSA University, Jenjarom, Malaysia
| | - Henrique Douglas Melo Coutinho
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Laboratório de Microbiologia E Biologia Molecular—LMBM, Universidade Regional Do Cariri, URCA, Crato, Brazil
| | - Yaser Mohammed Al-Worafi
- College of Medical Sciences, Azal University for Human Development, Amran, Yemen
- College of Pharmacy, University of Science and Technology of Fujairah, Fujairah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Said Moshawih
- PAP Rashidah Sa’adatul Bolkiah Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei
| | - Ya Chee Lim
- PAP Rashidah Sa’adatul Bolkiah Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei
| | - K. M. Kaderi Kibria
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- PAP Rashidah Sa’adatul Bolkiah Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei
- *Correspondence: Md. Sanower Hossain, ; Long Chiau Ming,
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13
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Shadyro O, Sosnovskaya A, Edimecheva I, Ihnatovich L, Dubovik B, Krasny S, Tzerkovsky D, Protopovich E. In Vivo Antitumoral Effects of Linseed Oil and Its Combination With Doxorubicin. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:882197. [PMID: 35800445 PMCID: PMC9254224 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.882197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Linseed oil (LO) is known for its exceptional nutritional value due to the high content of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), an essential omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid; its anticarcinogenic effect has been established in several experimental and epidemiological studies. As an adjuvant of chemotherapeutic agents, LO and other ALA-rich vegetable oils have been studied in only a handful of studies at the experimental level. However, the efficacy of antitumoral therapy using doxorubicin (Dox) in combination with ALA and ALA-rich substrates has not yet been investigated. In this work, the antitumor activity of LO in a wide dose range was studied with monotherapy and combined with Dox in animal models with Pliss lymphosarcoma (PLS) and Lewis lung adenocarcinoma (LLC). It was founded the daily oral administration of LO (1, 3, and 10 ml per 1 kg) to rats (PLS) and 6 ml/kg to mice (LLC) for 11–12 days from 7 days after subcutaneous transplantation of tumors has a stable statistically significant effect on the dynamics of tumor growth, reducing the intensity of tumor growth and increasing the frequency of complete tumor regressions (CR) compared with the control. LO showed high antimetastatic activity in the LLC model. Furthermore, LO at a dose of 3 ml/kg potentiates the antitumor effect of Dox in the PLS model, reducing the volume of tumors at the end of treatment by 2.0 times (p = 0.013), the value of the tumor growth index by 1.6 times (p < 0.03) and increasing the frequency of CR 60 days after the start of therapy by 3.5 times (p = 0.019) compared with the use of Dox alone. The combination of Dox and LO or fish oil allows growing efficiency therapy of LLC in comparison with Dox alone, increasing the frequency of CR to 73.68% and 94.4%, respectively, and reducing the frequency of metastasis to zero.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Shadyro
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Free-Radical Processes, Research Institute for Physical and Chemical Problems, Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus
- Department of Chemistry, Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus
- *Correspondence: Oleg Shadyro,
| | - Anna Sosnovskaya
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Free-Radical Processes, Research Institute for Physical and Chemical Problems, Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Irina Edimecheva
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Free-Radical Processes, Research Institute for Physical and Chemical Problems, Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Lana Ihnatovich
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Free-Radical Processes, Research Institute for Physical and Chemical Problems, Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus
- Department of Chemistry, Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Boris Dubovik
- Department of Pharmacology, Belarusian State Medical University, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Sergei Krasny
- Laboratory of Photodynamic Therapy and Hyperthermia, N.N. Alexandrov National Cancer Center, Lesnoy, Belarus
| | - Dmitry Tzerkovsky
- Laboratory of Photodynamic Therapy and Hyperthermia, N.N. Alexandrov National Cancer Center, Lesnoy, Belarus
| | - Egor Protopovich
- Laboratory of Photodynamic Therapy and Hyperthermia, N.N. Alexandrov National Cancer Center, Lesnoy, Belarus
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14
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Hossain MS, Karuniawati H, Jairoun AA, Urbi Z, Ooi DJ, John A, Lim YC, Kibria KMK, Mohiuddin AM, Ming LC, Goh KW, Hadi MA. Colorectal Cancer: A Review of Carcinogenesis, Global Epidemiology, Current Challenges, Risk Factors, Preventive and Treatment Strategies. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071732. [PMID: 35406504 PMCID: PMC8996939 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 102.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most deadly cancer. Global incidence and mortality are likely to be increased in the coming decades. Although the deaths associated with CRC are very high in high-income countries, the incidence and fatalities related to CRC are growing in developing countries too. CRC detected early is entirely curable by surgery and subsequent medications. However, the recurrence rate is high, and cancer drug resistance increases the treatment failure rate. Access to early diagnosis and treatment of CRC for survival is somewhat possible in developed countries. However, these facilities are rarely available in developing countries. Highlighting the current status of CRC, its development, risk factors, and management is crucial in creating public awareness. Therefore, in this review, we have comprehensively discussed the current global epidemiology, drug resistance, challenges, risk factors, and preventive and treatment strategies of CRC. Additionally, there is a brief discussion on the CRC development pathways and recommendations for preventing and treating CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Sanower Hossain
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Pahang, Malaysia
- Faculty of Science, Sristy College of Tangail, Tangail 1900, Bangladesh
- Correspondence: (M.S.H.); (L.C.M.); Tel.: +60-1169609649 (M.S.H.); +673-246-0922 (ext. 2202) (L.C.M.)
| | - Hidayah Karuniawati
- Discipline of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia; (H.K.); (A.A.J.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Surakarta 57102, Indonesia
| | - Ammar Abdulrahman Jairoun
- Discipline of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia; (H.K.); (A.A.J.)
- Health and Safety Department, Dubai Municipality, Dubai 67, United Arab Emirates
| | - Zannat Urbi
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Industrial Sciences & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Kuantan 26300, Pahang, Malaysia;
| | - Der Jiun Ooi
- Department of Oral Biology & Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, MAHSA University, Jenjarom 42610, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Akbar John
- Institute of Oceanography and Maritime Studies (INOCEM), Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Pahang, Malaysia;
| | - Ya Chee Lim
- PAP Rashidah Sa’adatul Bolkiah Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong BE1410, Brunei;
| | - K. M. Kaderi Kibria
- Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail 1902, Bangladesh; (K.M.K.K.); (A.K.M.M.)
| | - A.K. M. Mohiuddin
- Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail 1902, Bangladesh; (K.M.K.K.); (A.K.M.M.)
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- PAP Rashidah Sa’adatul Bolkiah Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong BE1410, Brunei;
- Correspondence: (M.S.H.); (L.C.M.); Tel.: +60-1169609649 (M.S.H.); +673-246-0922 (ext. 2202) (L.C.M.)
| | - Khang Wen Goh
- Faculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, Nilai 71800, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia;
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15
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Zhang L, Lan Y, Wang Y, Yang Y, Han W, Li J, Wang Y, Liu X. Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside ameliorates high fat diet-induced colon inflammation and regulates gut microbiota in mice. Food Funct 2022; 13:3009-3022. [PMID: 35195134 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo04037e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) has a strong anti-inflammatory effect, which depends partly on the participation of gut microbiota. We studied the effect of SDG on colonic inflammation caused by a common poor diet, high-fat diet (HFD), and the regulation of gut microbiota as well as its metabolites. Considering the difference of sources, prices, and possible bioactivity, we compared the effects of a single compound and the extract of SDG on colon inflammation. The results displayed that both the single compound and the extract ameliorated morphologic damage of the colon and improved intestinal barrier integrity. In addition, SDG suppressed the mRNA expressions of inflammatory cytokines in the colon, and the inhibitory effect of a single compound was stronger than that of the extract. The results of 16S rRNA sequencing showed that SDG altered the diversity and composition of gut microbiota, particularly the abundance of inflammation-related bacteria, and the effect of the extract was greater than that of a single compound. The analysis of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) manifested the improved concentration with the intervention of SDG. These results confirmed that SDG, including a single compound and extract, exerted protective effects against colon inflammation, which might be partly explained by the gut microbiome. Our research could provide a positive nutritional intervention for chronic intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Ying Lan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- Sports Department, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yiying Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Wenzheng Han
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Jingyan Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Yutang Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Xuebo Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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16
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Antiproliferative effects of levan polysaccharide against colorectal cancer cells mediated through oxidative stress-stimulated HOTAIR/Akt signaling pathway: In vitro. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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17
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Pehlivanoglu S, Acar CA, Donmez S. Characterization of green synthesized flaxseed zinc oxide nanoparticles and their cytotoxic, apoptotic and antimigratory activities on aggressive human cancer cells. INORG NANO-MET CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/24701556.2021.1980034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suray Pehlivanoglu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Cigdem Aydin Acar
- Bucak School of Health, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
| | - Soner Donmez
- Bucak School of Health, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
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18
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Bhattacharya S. Anti-EGFR-mAb and 5-Fluorouracil Conjugated Polymeric Nanoparticles for Colorectal Cancer. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2021; 16:84-100. [PMID: 33349222 DOI: 10.2174/1574892815666201221121859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the higher intake of junk food and unhealthy lifestyle, the percentage of U.S. adults aged 50 to 75 years who were up-to-date with colorectal cancer screening increased 1.4 percentage points, from 67.4% in 2016 to 68.8% in 2018. This represents an additional 3.5 million adults screened for colorectal cancer. This is a severe concern of this research, and an attempt was made to prepare a target-specific formulation that could circumvent chemotherapy-related compilation and improvise higher cellular uptake. The fundamental agenda of this research was to prepare and develop Anti-EGFR mAb and 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) fabricated polymeric nanoparticles for colorectal cancer. OBJECTIVE The main objective of this research was to prepare and evaluate more target specific formulation for the treatment of colorectal cancer. PLGA and PEG-based polymeric nanoparticles are capable of preventing opsonization via the reticuloendothelial system. Hence, prepared polymeric nanoparticles are capable of higher cellular uptake. METHODS The Poly(d,1-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) and Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) were combined utilizing the ring-opening polymerization method. The presence of PEG prevents opsonization and distinguished blood concentration along with enhanced targeting. The presence of PLGA benefits in the sustained release of polymeric formulations. The optimized formulation (5-FU-PLGA- PEG-NP) was lyophilized using 4% trehalose (cryoprotectants) and conjugated with Anti- EGFR mAb on its surface to produce Anti-EGFR-5-FU-PLGA-PEG-NP; the final formulation, which increases target specificity and drug delivery system of nanoparticles. RESULTS The spherical shaped optimized formulation, 5-FU-PLGA-PEG-NP-3 was found to have higher percentage drug entrapment efficacy (71.23%), higher percentage drug content (1.98 ± 0.34%) with minimum particles size (252.3nm) and anionic zeta potential (-31.23mV). The IC50 value of Anti-EGFR-5-FU-PLGA-PEG-NP was 1.01μg/mL after 48 hours incubation period in the HCT 116 cell line, indicating higher anticancer effects of the final formulation. CONCLUSION From the outcomes of various experiments, it was concluded that Anti-EGFR-5-FUPLGA- PEG-NP has biphasic drug release kinetics, higher cellular uptake and higher cytotoxicity. Therefore, anti-EGFR-5-FU-PLGA-PEG-NP holds excellent potential for drug delivery to EGFR positive colorectal cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankha Bhattacharya
- ISF College of Pharmacy, GT Road (NH-95), Ghal Kalan, Moga, Punjab 142001, India
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19
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Ali E, Saand MA, Khan AR, Shah JM, Feng S, Ming C, Sun P. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of detoxification efflux carriers (DTX) genes family under abiotic stresses in flax. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 171:483-501. [PMID: 32270877 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The detoxification efflux carriers (DTX)/multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) transporters encompass an ancient gene family of secondary transporters involved in the process of plant detoxification. A genome-wide analysis of these transporters was carried out in order to better understand the transport of secondary metabolites in flaxseed genome (Linum usitassimum). A total of 73 genes coding for DTX/MATE transporters were identified. Gene structure, protein domain and motif organization were found to be notably conserved over the distinct phylogenetic groups, showing the evolutionary significant role of each class. Gene ontology (GO) annotation revealed a link to transporter activities, response to stimulus and localizations. The presence of various hormone and stress-responsive cis-regulatory elements in promoter regions could be directly correlated with the alteration of their transcripts. Tertiary structure showed conservation for pore size and constrains in the pore, which indicate their involvement in the exclusion of toxic substances from the cell. MicroRNA target analysis revealed that LuDTXs genes were targeted by different classes of miRNA families. Twelve LuDTX genes were chosen for further quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis in response to cold, salinity and cadmium stress at 0, 6, 12 and 24 hours after treatment. Altogether, the identified members of the DTX gene family, their expression profile, phylogenetic and miRNAs analysis might provide opportunities for future functional validation of this important gene family in flax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essa Ali
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Mumtaz Ali Saand
- Department of Botany, Shah Abdul Latif University, Sindh, 66020, Pakistan
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Oil Crops Biology/Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang, 571339, China
| | - Ali Raza Khan
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | | | - Simin Feng
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Cai Ming
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Peilong Sun
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Zhejiang, 310014, China
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20
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Wang X, Liua Z, Li X, Song J, Chen L, Li Y. Effect of water feed rate and temperature on physicochemical and viscosity properties of fresh extruded rice-shaped kernels (FER) containing naked oat, rice and defatted flaxseed flour. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.27.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology
| | | | - Xihong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology
| | - Jianxin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology
| | - Lan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology
- Tianjin Gasin-DH Preservation Technology Co., Ltd
| | - Yueming Li
- Changrong Huitong (Tianjin) Food Science and Technology Research and Development co. Ltd
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21
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Wu Y, Wang H, Wang Y, Brennan CS, Anne Brennan M, Qiu C, Guo X. Comparison of lignans and phenolic acids in different varieties of germinated flaxseed (
Linum usitatissimum
L.). Int J Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Wu
- School of Food Science and Engineering Ministry of Education Engineering Research Centre of Starch & Protein Processing Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center) South China University of Technology Guangzhou510640China
| | - Hong Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering Ministry of Education Engineering Research Centre of Starch & Protein Processing Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center) South China University of Technology Guangzhou510640China
| | - Yufu Wang
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Changsha410205China
| | - Charles Stephen Brennan
- School of Food Science and Engineering Ministry of Education Engineering Research Centre of Starch & Protein Processing Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center) South China University of Technology Guangzhou510640China
- Department of Wine Food Molecular Biosciences Lincoln University Lincoln7647New Zealand
| | - Margaret Anne Brennan
- Department of Wine Food Molecular Biosciences Lincoln University Lincoln7647New Zealand
| | - Caisheng Qiu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Changsha410205China
| | - Xinbo Guo
- School of Food Science and Engineering Ministry of Education Engineering Research Centre of Starch & Protein Processing Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center) South China University of Technology Guangzhou510640China
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22
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Zhou X, Huang N, Chen W, Xiaoling T, Mahdavi B, Raoofi A, Mahdian D, Atabati H. HPLC phenolic profile and induction of apoptosis by Linum usitatissimum extract in LNCaP cells by caspase3 and Bax pathways. AMB Express 2020; 10:203. [PMID: 33169228 PMCID: PMC7652951 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-020-01138-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Linum usitatissimum is a candidate as a remedy to treat prostate problems in some folklore medicines. In this study, we have reported the phenolic and flavonoid constituents, antioxidant activity, and potential of the plant extract against prostate cancer cells. The phenolic and flavonoid compound profile of the extract were established using HPLC analysis. While the total phenolic and flavonoid content (TPC and TFC) were analyzed using classic methods. The antioxidant activity of the extract was also evaluated. MTT assay and flow cytometry technique was used to evaluate antiproliferation activity and induction apoptosis of the plant extract on prostate cancer cells of LNCaP. We also evaluated the gene expression of Bax and caspase-3 using the real-time qPCR assay. HPLC result revealed that L. usitatissimum extract (LUE) was rich in phenolic acids such as gallic, ferulic, and vanillic acid with the amount of 3.56, 2.12, 1.24 μg/g extract respectively. 383.4 mg GAE/g and 47.1 mgRuE/g were calculated for total phenolic and flavonoid content. LUE exhibited radical scavenging activity with IC50 = 19.3 ± 1.1 µg/mL. LUE chelated ferrous ions with IC50 = 121.1 ± 1.3 µg/mL. LUE showed anti-proliferative activity on LNCaP cells with the IC50 values of 8.3, 6.3, and 5.4 μg/mL after 24, 48, and 72 h treatment. LUE also increased cell mortality by inducing apoptosis (15.3-29.8%). The real-time qPCR results exhibited an increase in gene expression of Bax and caspase-3. Our in vitro study demonstrates that L. usitatissimum can be considered as an effective agent to inhibit the growth and invasion the human prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhou
- Department of Urology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital,Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Ningou Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210031, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenxin Chen
- Department of Urology, Occupational Disease Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Tang Xiaoling
- Jiangxi Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330046, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Behnam Mahdavi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hakim Sabzevari University, 96179-76487, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Amir Raoofi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Anatomy, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Davood Mahdian
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Hadi Atabati
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Anatomy, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
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23
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Ali E, Raza MA, Cai M, Hussain N, Shahzad AN, Hussain M, Ali M, Bukhari SAH, Sun P. Calmodulin-binding transcription activator (CAMTA) genes family: Genome-wide survey and phylogenetic analysis in flax (Linum usitatissimum). PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236454. [PMID: 32702710 PMCID: PMC7377914 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Flax (Linum usitatissimum) is a member of family linaceae with annual growth habit. It is included among those crops which were domesticated very early and has been used in development related studies as a model plant. In plants, Calmodulin-binding transcription activators (CAMTAs) comprise a unique set of Calmodulin-binding proteins. To elucidate the transport mechanism of secondary metabolites in flax, a genome-based study on these transporters was performed. The current investigation identified nine CAMTAs proteins, classified into three categories during phylogenetic analysis. Each group had significant evolutionary role as illustrated by the conservation of gene structures, protein domains and motif organizations over the distinctive phylogenetic classes. GO annotation suggested a link to sequence-specific DNA and protein binding, response to low temperature and transcription regulation by RNA polymerase II. The existence of different hormonal and stress responsive cis-regulatory elements in promotor region may directly correlate with the variation of their transcripts. MicroRNA target analysis revealed that various groups of miRNA families targeted the LuCAMTAs genes. Identification of CAMTA genes, miRNA studies and phylogenetic analysis may open avenues to uncover the underlying functional mechanism of this important family of genes in flax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essa Ali
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mohammad Ammar Raza
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ming Cai
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Nazim Hussain
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Mubshar Hussain
- Department of Agronomy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Murtaza Ali
- Department of Basic Science & Humanities, University of Engineering and Technology, Mardan, Pakistan
| | | | - Peilong Sun
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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24
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Morsy MA, El-Sheikh AAK, Ibrahim ARN, Venugopala KN, Kandeel M. In silico and in vitro identification of secoisolariciresinol as a re-sensitizer of P-glycoprotein-dependent doxorubicin-resistance NCI/ADR-RES cancer cells. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9163. [PMID: 32566390 PMCID: PMC7293189 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is one of the highly expressed cancer cell efflux transporters that cause the failure of chemotherapy. To reverse P-gp induced multidrug resistance, we employed a flaxseed-derived lignan; secoisolariciresinol (SECO) that acts as an inhibitor of breast cancer resistance protein; another efflux transporter that shares some substrate/inhibitor specificity with P-gp. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation identified SECO as a possible P-gp inhibitor. Comparing root mean square deviation (RMSD) of P-gp bound with SECO with that bound to its standard inhibitor verapamil showed that fluctuations in RMSD were lower in P-gp bound to SECO demonstrating higher stability of the complex of P-gp with SECO. In addition, the superimposition of P-gp structures after MD simulation showed that the nucleotide-binding domains of P-gp bound to SECO undertook a more central closer position compared with that bound to verapamil. Using rhodamine efflux assay on NCI/ADR-RES cancer cells, SECO was confirmed as a P-gp inhibitor, where cells treated with 25 or 50 µM of SECO showed significantly higher fluorescence intensity compared to control. Using MTT assay, SECO alone showed dose-dependent cytotoxicity, where 25 or 50 µM of SECO caused significantly less NCI/ADR-RES cellular viability compared to control. Furthermore, when 50 µM of SECO was added to doxorubicin (DOX), an anticancer drug, SECO significantly enhanced DOX-induced cytotoxicity compared to DOX alone. The combination index calculated by CompuSyn software indicated synergism between DOX and SECO. Our results suggest SECO as a novel P-gp inhibitor that can re-sensitize cancer cells during DOX chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Morsy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences/College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Eastern Region, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmacology/Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt
| | - Azza A K El-Sheikh
- Department of Pharmacology/Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt.,Basic Health Sciences Department/Faculty of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed R N Ibrahim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy/College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Biochemistry/Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt
| | - Katharigatta N Venugopala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences/College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Eastern Region, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Mahmoud Kandeel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences/College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Eastern Region, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmacology/Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
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25
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Liang S, Li X, Cai Z, Zhang N, Reaney MJ, Wang Y. A wet-screening strategy for flaxseed dehulling and compositional quantification of the separated fractions. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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26
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Aqeel T, Gurumallu SC, Bhaskar A, Hashimi SM, Javaraiah R. Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside protects against cadmium-induced oxidative stress-mediated renal toxicity in rats. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2020; 61:126552. [PMID: 32446210 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cadmium is a well known environmental pollutant and strong toxic heavy metal, that causes oxidative damage to various organs of the body, including the kidney. Cadmium (II) chloride (CdCl2) is a water-soluble crystalline form, which exhibits a higher affinity with chlorides at the target site. The current study examined the protective effects of Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG), a principal lignan extracted from flaxseeds against CdCl2-induced renal toxicity in rats. METHODS Twenty four healthy male Wistar rats with four groups of six animals each were used in the study. Group-1- Control was administered with saline. Group-2 -was treated with SDG; Group-3 with CdCl2 alone, and Group-4 were treated with CdCl2 plus SDG. The effect of Cd on kidney was assessed in terms of various parameters like lipid peroxidation, production of Nitric oxide (NO) and Myeloperoxidase (MPO), and kidney function markers like uric acid, urea, and creatinine. The levels of antioxidant molecules like glutathione content and the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase were also measured, apart from histopathological studies. RESULTS The animals that received CdCl2, exhibited changes in the concentration of Cd in the kidney. The levels of kidney function markers like uric acid, urea, and creatinine were found to be abnormal in serum, and also there was a drastic decrease in the levels of glutathione content and the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase. The treatment of SDG significantly decreased (p < 0.05) the levels of NO and MPO in the animals treated with CdCl2 plus SDG when compared to the animal group treated with CdCl2 alone. The treatment of SDG before CdCl2 injection exhibited significant changes in the activity of the antioxidant enzymes, which was evidenced by the restoration in their activities, when compared to CdCl2 alone treated group (p < 0.05), as observed in the results of histopathology. CONCLUSIONS The findings of the present investigation suggested that SDG exhibited anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic and renoprotective properties. Thus, SDG may act as a supramolecular binding component and naturally occurring metal chelating agent for metal cations like Cd2+. Therefore, flaxseed lignan-SDG can be used as a therapeutic agent against nephrotoxicity caused by cadmium. However, detailed future studies are needed to know the underlying mechanism of action of SDG against the Cd and other heavy metals induced nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tareq Aqeel
- Department of Biochemistry, Yuvaraja's College, University of Mysore, Mysuru, 570005, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Ashwini Bhaskar
- Department of Biochemistry, Yuvaraja's College, University of Mysore, Mysuru, 570005, Karnataka, India
| | - Saeed Mujahid Hashimi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Deanship of Preparatory Year and Supporting Studies, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 34212, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajesh Javaraiah
- Department of Biochemistry, Yuvaraja's College, University of Mysore, Mysuru, 570005, Karnataka, India; Department of Biotechnology, Yuvaraja's College, University of Mysore, Mysuru, 570005, Karnataka, India.
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27
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Abstract
A wide variety of plant species provide edible seeds. Seeds are the dominant source of human calories and protein. The most important and popular seed food sources are cereals, followed by legumes and nuts. Their nutritional content of fiber, protein, and monounsaturated/polyunsaturated fats make them extremely nutritious. They are important additions to our daily food consumption. When consumed as part of a healthy diet, seeds can help reduce blood sugar, cholesterol, and blood pressure.
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28
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Waszkowiak K, Mikołajczak B, Gliszczyńska‐Świgło A, Niedźwiedzińska K. Effect of thermal pre‐treatment on the phenolic and protein profiles and oil oxidation dynamics of golden flaxseeds. Int J Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Waszkowiak
- Department of Gastronomy Science and Functional Foods Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition Poznan University of Life Sciences Wojska Polskiego 31 Poznan 60‐624 Poland
| | - Beata Mikołajczak
- Department of Meat Technology Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition Poznan University of Life Sciences Wojska Polskiego 31 Poznan 60‐624 Poland
| | - Anna Gliszczyńska‐Świgło
- Faculty of Commodity Science Poznan University of Economics and Business Niepodległości 10 61‐875 Poznan Poland
| | - Karina Niedźwiedzińska
- Department of Gastronomy Science and Functional Foods Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition Poznan University of Life Sciences Wojska Polskiego 31 Poznan 60‐624 Poland
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29
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Evaluation of protective efficacy of flaxseed lignan-Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside against mercuric chloride-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:6171-6179. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-05052-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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30
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Comparative analysis of selected bioactive components (fatty acids, tocopherols, xanthophyll, lycopene, phenols) and basic nutrients in raw and thermally processed camelina, sunflower, and flax seeds ( Camelina sativa L. Crantz, Helianthus L., and Linum L.). Journal of Food Science and Technology 2019; 56:4296-4310. [PMID: 31478000 PMCID: PMC6706495 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-03899-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of study was to determine the content of basic nutrients, the level of fatty acids, tocopherols, xanthophyll, and lycopene, and the total phenolic content in camelina (Camelina sativa L. Crantz) (Cs), sunflower (Helianthus L.) (Ha), and flax (Linum L.) (Lu) seeds. The seeds were either raw or subjected to processing, i.e. boiling, micronization, or microwave roasting. The basic chemical composition was established and the fatty acid composition as well as the content of tocopherol (α, β, γ, δ, total), β-carotenoids, xanthophyll, lycopene, and total phenolics were determined in the analyzed oil seeds. The analyzed oil seeds are a rich source of protein and PUFAs as well as α-tocopherols (Ha) and γ-tocopherols (Cs, Lu), xanthophyll, and phenolics One portion of seeds covered from 746/513 (Cs) to as much as 1209/813% (Lu) (female/male) of the ALA daily intake. The AI value in the processed seeds increased (P < 0.05) and the values of H/H and HC declined (P < 0.05). The oil seed processing resulted in loss of most nutrients and bioactive constituents and appearance of some amounts of trans isomers, especially in the microwave roasted seeds (0.99-1.79 g/100 g crude lipid). The phenolic content decreased in the boiled seeds (Ha: 1301; Cs: 578.3, and Lu: 62.75 mg/100 g).
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31
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Buckner AL, Buckner CA, Montaut S, Lafrenie RM. Treatment with flaxseed oil induces apoptosis in cultured malignant cells. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02251. [PMID: 31440598 PMCID: PMC6699425 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Flaxseed oil is widely recognized for its exceptional nutritional value, high concentration of fiber-based lignans and large amounts of ω-fatty acids. It is one of a generic group of functional foods that is often taken by cancer patients as a potential treatment. We have examined the anti-cancer effects of flaxseed oil by studying its direct effects on cancer cell growth in vitro. Treatment of a variety of cancer cell lines with flaxseed oil decreased their growth in a dose-dependent manner while non-malignant cell lines showed small increases in cell growth. Cells treated with a mixture of fatty acids, including α-linolenic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, and eicosapentaenoic acid and lignans including enterodiol and enterolactone was also able to decrease the growth of cancer cells. Treatment of B16-BL6 murine melanoma and MCF-7 breast cancer cells with flaxseed oil induced apoptosis as determined by changes in cell morphology, annexin V staining, DNA fragmentation and/or caspase activation. In addition, treatment with flaxseed oil also disrupted mitochondrial function in B16-BL6 and MCF-7 cells. These results indicate that flaxseed oil can specifically inhibit cancer cell growth and induce apoptosis in some cancer cells and suggests it has further potential in anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison L Buckner
- Program in Biomolecular Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carly A Buckner
- Program in Biomolecular Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada.,Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sabine Montaut
- Program in Biomolecular Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert M Lafrenie
- Program in Biomolecular Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada.,Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada.,Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
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32
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Peirotén Á, Bravo D, Landete JM. Bacterial metabolism as responsible of beneficial effects of phytoestrogens on human health. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:1922-1937. [PMID: 31161778 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1622505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Phytoestrogens (PE) are compounds found in plants such as soy (isoflavones), flax seeds and cereals (lignans) and pomegranates (ellagitannins). PE have shown estrogenic/antiestrogenic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antineoplastic and apoptotic activities. The human studies are showing promising although inconsistent results about the beneficial effects of PE on ameliorating the menopausal symptoms or reducing the risk of certain cancers, cardiovascular disease or diabetes. The effects of PE on the organism are mediated by the intestinal microbiota, which transforms them into bioactive PE such as genistein, equol, enterolignans and certain urolithins. In this work, we review the most recent findings about the bacteria able to metabolize PE, together with the latest studies on the effects of PE on health. In addition, we describe the possible factors hindering the demonstration of the beneficial effect of PE on health, evincing the importance of measuring the actual circulating PE in order to encompass the variability of PE metabolism due to the intestinal microbiota. With this in mind, we also explore an approach to ensure the access to bioactive PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángela Peirotén
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Bravo
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Landete
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
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33
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Hunyadi A. The mechanism(s) of action of antioxidants: From scavenging reactive oxygen/nitrogen species to redox signaling and the generation of bioactive secondary metabolites. Med Res Rev 2019; 39:2505-2533. [PMID: 31074028 DOI: 10.1002/med.21592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Small molecule, dietary antioxidants exert a remarkably broad range of bioactivities, and many of these can be explained by the influence of antioxidants on the redox homeostasis. Such compounds help to modulate the levels of harmful reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, and therefore participate in the regulation of various redox signaling pathways. However, upon ingestion, antioxidants usually undergo extensive metabolism that can generate a wide range of bioactive metabolites. This makes it difficult, but otherwise a need, to identify the ones responsible for the different activities of antioxidants. By better understanding their ways of action, the use of antioxidants in therapy can be improved. This review provides a summary on the role of the in vivo metabolic changes and the oxidized metabolites on the mechanisms behind the bioactivity of antioxidants. A special attention is given to metabolites described as products of biomimetic oxidative chemical reactions, which can be considered as models of free radical scavenging. During such reactions a wide variety of metabolites are formed, and they can exert completely different specific bioactivities as compared to their parent antioxidants. This implies that exploring the free radical scavenging-related metabolite fingerprint of each antioxidant molecule, collectively defined here as the scavengome, will lead to a deeper understanding of the bioactivity of these compounds. Furthermore, this paper aims to be a working tool for systematic studies on oxidized metabolic fingerprints of antioxidants, which will certainly reveal an often-neglected segment of chemical space that is a treasury of bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Hunyadi
- Institute of Pharmacognosy, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Eötvös str. 6, H-6720, Szeged, Hungary.,Interdisciplinary Centre for Natural Products, University of Szeged, Eötvös str. 6, H-6720, Szeged, Hungary
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34
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De Silva SF, Alcorn J. Flaxseed Lignans as Important Dietary Polyphenols for Cancer Prevention and Treatment: Chemistry, Pharmacokinetics, and Molecular Targets. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:E68. [PMID: 31060335 PMCID: PMC6630319 DOI: 10.3390/ph12020068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer causes considerable morbidity and mortality across the world. Socioeconomic, environmental, and lifestyle factors contribute to the increasing cancer prevalence, bespeaking a need for effective prevention and treatment strategies. Phytochemicals like plant polyphenols are generally considered to have anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antimicrobial, and immunomodulatory effects, which explain their promotion for human health. The past several decades have contributed to a growing evidence base in the literature that demonstrate ability of polyphenols to modulate multiple targets of carcinogenesis linking models of cancer characteristics (i.e., hallmarks and nutraceutical-based targeting of cancer) via direct or indirect interaction or modulation of cellular and molecular targets. This evidence is particularly relevant for the lignans, an ubiquitous, important class of dietary polyphenols present in high levels in food sources such as flaxseed. Literature evidence on lignans suggests potential benefit in cancer prevention and treatment. This review summarizes the relevant chemical and pharmacokinetic properties of dietary polyphenols and specifically focuses on the biological targets of flaxseed lignans. The consolidation of the considerable body of data on the diverse targets of the lignans will aid continued research into their potential for use in combination with other cancer chemotherapies, utilizing flaxseed lignan-enriched natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Franklyn De Silva
- Drug Discovery & Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, 104 Clinic Place, Health Sciences Building, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan (SK), S7N 2Z4, Canada.
| | - Jane Alcorn
- Drug Discovery & Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, 104 Clinic Place, Health Sciences Building, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan (SK), S7N 2Z4, Canada.
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35
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Qiu R, Qian F, Wang X, Li H, Wang L. Targeted delivery of 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3-based polypeptide nanoparticles to treat colon cancer. Biomed Microdevices 2019; 21:18. [PMID: 30783757 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-019-0374-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major malignancy characterized by a high metastasis rate. Systematic chemotherapy is important for patients with advanced CRC. However, many limitations (e.g., side effects to normal organs, shorter circulation time, and unsatisfactory tumor inhibition results) of traditional chemotherapy restrict its further application. Thus, it is necessary to find a method to overcome these challenges and improve the efficacy of CRC treatment. In this study, 20(S)-ginsenoside (Rg3) co-loaded poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(L-glutamic acid-co-L-phenylalanine) (mPEG-b-P(Glu-co-Phe)) nanoparticles (Rg3-NPs) were prepared. mPEG-b-P(Glu-co-Phe)-based drug delivery systems are pH sensitive that can target cancer cells and circulate for longer in blood. Rg3 could be released rapidly from the nanoparticles within tumor cells. A subcutaneous colon cancer mouse model was developed to evaluate the anticancer efficiency of the Rg3-NPs. The in vivo study indicated that the Rg3-NPs could significantly inhibit tumor proliferation by decreasing the expressions of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, resulting in tumor apoptosis through the increased expressions of caspase-3. Our study demonstrated the marked potential of the Rg3-NPs to treat CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renna Qiu
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No. 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China
| | - Feng Qian
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No. 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No. 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China
| | - Hongjun Li
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No. 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China.
| | - Lizhe Wang
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, No.71, Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.
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