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Jiao L, Wang R, Dong Y, Su J, Yu J, Yan M, Chen S, Lv G. The impact of chrysanthemi indici flos-enriched flavonoid part on the model of hyperuricemia based on inhibiting synthesis and promoting excretion of uric acid. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 333:118488. [PMID: 38925319 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In recent years, in addition to hypertension, hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia, the prevalence of hyperuricemia (HUA) has increased considerably. Being the fourth major health risk factor, HUA can affect the kidneys and cardiovascular system. Chrysanthemi Indici Flos is a flavonoid-containing traditional Chinese patent medicine that exhibits a uric acid (UA)-lowering effect. However, the mechanisms underlying Chrysanthemi Indici Flos-enriched flavonoid part (CYM.E) mediated alleviation of HUA remain unelucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to elucidate the efficacy of CYM.E in preventing and treating HUA and its specific effects on UA-related transport proteins, to explore possible mechanism. METHODS The buddleoside content in CYM.E was determined through high-performance liquid chromatography. HUA was induced in mice models using adenine and potassium oxonate. Subsequently, mice were administered 10 mg/kg allopurinol, and 30, 60, and 90 mg/kg CYM.E to evaluate the effects of CYM.E on the of HUA mice model. Herein, plasma uric acid (UA), creatinine (CR), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) contents, along with serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities were measured. Additionally, xanthine oxidase (XOD) and adenosine deaminase (ADA) activities in the liver were determined. The histomorphologies of the liver and kidney tissues were examined through hematoxylin and eosin staining. The messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of facilitated glucose transporter 9 (GLUT9), organic anion transporter (OAT)1, OAT3, and adenosine triphosphate binding cassette subfamily G2 (ABCG2) in the kidney was assessed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Furthermore, the expression of urate transporter 1 (URAT1), GLUT9, OAT1, and OAT3 in the kidney, OAT4, and ABCG2 proteins was determined by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. RESULTS The buddleoside content in CYM.E was approximately 32.77%. CYM.E improved body weight and autonomous activity in HUA mice. Additionally, it reduced plasma UA, BUN, and CR levels and serum ALT and AST activities, thus improving hepatic and renal functions, which further reduced the plasma UA content. CYM.E reduced histopathological damage to the kidneys. Furthermore, it lowered plasma TC, TG, and LDL-c levels, thereby improving lipid metabolism disorder. CYM.E administration inhibited hepatic XOD and ADA activities and reduced the mRNA expression of renal GLUT9. CYM.E inhibited the protein expression of renal URAT1, GLUT9, and OAT4, and increased the mRNA and protein expression of renal OAT1, OAT3, and ABCG2. Altogether, these results show that CYM.E could inhibit the production and promote reabsorption of UA and its excretion.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Hyperuricemia/drug therapy
- Hyperuricemia/chemically induced
- Uric Acid/blood
- Male
- Flavonoids/pharmacology
- Flavonoids/analysis
- Mice
- Organic Anion Transporters/metabolism
- Organic Anion Transporters/genetics
- Disease Models, Animal
- Kidney/drug effects
- Kidney/pathology
- Kidney/metabolism
- Flowers/chemistry
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2/metabolism
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2/genetics
- Organic Anion Transporters, Sodium-Independent/metabolism
- Organic Anion Transporters, Sodium-Independent/genetics
- Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative/metabolism
- Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative/genetics
- Liver/drug effects
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver/pathology
- Allopurinol/pharmacology
- Mice, Inbred ICR
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Jiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Rou Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Yingjie Dong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Jie Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Jingjing Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Meiqiu Yan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Suhong Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Guiyuan Lv
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310053, China.
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Emming C, Hadjiafxentis M, Liesegang A, Gampe L. [First detection of the SLC2A9:p.C188F gene defect in a German Hunting Terrier with ammonium urate urolithiasis]. TIERARZTLICHE PRAXIS. AUSGABE K, KLEINTIERE/HEIMTIERE 2024; 52:232-237. [PMID: 39173651 DOI: 10.1055/a-2364-2603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
A 1,5-year-old intact male German Hunting Terrier was initially presented 2018 with hematuria. An abdominal ultrasound revealed multiple hyperechogenic structures in the urinary bladder. A urinalysis indicated severe crystalluria (ammonium urate or xanthine). Following cystotomy and urinary calculus analysis, ammonium urate urolithiasis was diagnosed in 2019. The patient was tested homozygous at the SLC2A9:p.C188F variant, which results in severe hyperuricemia and hyperuricosuria. This case report presents the first incidence of the SLC2A9:p.C188F gene variant being detected in a German Hunting Terrier. Veterinary practitioners are encouraged to consider the possibility of this gene defect presenting in breeds beyond the Dalmatian.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin Emming
- Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover - Klinik für Kleintiere, Hannover, Deutschland
| | | | - Annette Liesegang
- Institut für Tierernährung und Diätetik, Vetsuisse Fakultät, UZH, Zürich, Schweiz
| | - Lukas Gampe
- AniCura Ludwigsburg Oßweil GmbH, Ludwigsburg, Deutschland
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Wang L, Tao Y, Wang X, Gan Y, Zeng Y, Li S, Zhu Q. Aqueous extract of Phellinus igniarius ameliorates hyperuricemia and renal injury in adenine/potassium oxonate-treated mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:116859. [PMID: 38879892 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Phellinus igniarius is an important medicinal and edible fungus with diverse biological activities. This study aimed to investigate the effects of aqueous extract from P. igniarius (API) on the treatment of hyperuricemia (HUA) and related kidney damage. The chemical constituents of API were determined. The therapeutic effects of API on HUA and renal injury were assessed in adenine/potassium oxonate (PO)-treated mice. The constituent analysis of API revealed a predominance of polysaccharides (33.4 %), followed by total flavonoids (9.1 %), and total triterpenoids (3.5 %). Compared to control, the adenine/PO treatment greatly elevated serum uric acid (UA) levels but this elevation was attenuated by API. In the liver, the expression and activity of xanthine oxidase (XOD) were increased by HUA which were diminished by API. Furthermore, API was found to enhance the expression of UA transporter ABCG2 in the kidney and intestine of HUA mice, suggesting elevating UA excretion. Additionally, API ameliorated HUA-induced renal injury, as indicated by reduced serum BUN/creatinine levels, decreased glomerular and tubular damage, and lowered fibrotic levels. Network pharmacology analysis predicted that P. igniarius may regulate mitochondrial function to improve HUA-related renal injury. This prediction was then substantialized by the API-induced upregulation of NAD+/NADH ratio, ATP level, SOD2 activity, and expression of SOD2/PCG-1α/PPARγ in the kidney of HUA mice. Our results demonstrate that API may effectively ameliorate HUA by reducing UA production in the liver and enhancing UA excretion in the kidney and intestine, and it might be a potential therapy to HUA-related renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yufeng Tao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuesong Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhan Gan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuting Zeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shasha Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Zheng X, Pan Y, Qu Y, Ji S, Wang J, Li Z, Zhao F, Wu B, Xie L, Li Y, Song H, Hu X, Qiu Y, Zhang Z, Zhang W, Yang Y, Cai J, Zhu Y, Zhu Y, Cao Z, Ji JS, Lv Y, Dai J, Shi X. Associations of Serum Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances with Hyperuricemia in Adults: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:12875-12887. [PMID: 38980177 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c11095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
There has been widespread concern about the health hazards of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), which may be the risk factor for hyperuricemia with evidence still insufficient in the general population in China. Here, we conducted a nationwide study involving 9,580 adults aged 18 years or older from 2017 to 2018, measured serum concentrations of uric acid and PFAS (PFOA, PFOS, 6:2 Cl-PFESA, PFNA, PFHxS) in participants, to assess the associations of individual PFAS with hyperuricemia, and estimated a joint effect of PFAS mixtures. We found positive associations of higher serum PFAS with elevated odds of hyperuricemia in Chinese adults, with the greatest contribution from PFOA (69.37%). The nonmonotonic dose-response (NMDR) relationships were observed for 6:2 Cl-PFESA and PFHxS with hyperuricemia. Participants with less marine fish consumption, overweight, and obesity may be the sensitive groups to the effects of PFAS on hyperuricemia. We highlight the potential health hazards of legacy long-chain PFAS (PFOA) once again because of the higher weights of joint effects. This study also provides more evidence about the NMDR relationships in PFAS with hyperuricemia and emphasizes a theoretical basis for public health planning to reduce the health hazards of PFAS in sensitive groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xulin Zheng
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yitao Pan
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yingli Qu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Saisai Ji
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Jinghua Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zheng Li
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Bing Wu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Linna Xie
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yawei Li
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Haocan Song
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Xiaojian Hu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yidan Qiu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yanwei Yang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Jiayi Cai
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yuanduo Zhu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Zhaojin Cao
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - John S Ji
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuebin Lv
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Jiayin Dai
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xiaoming Shi
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
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Yu X, Ren S, Zhou J, Liao Y, Huang Y, Dong H. A potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of hyperuricemia and gout: 3,4-Dihydroxy-5-nitrobenzaldehyde phenylthiosemicarbazide. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 198:106778. [PMID: 38653341 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2024.106778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Uric acid, the metabolic product of purines, relies on xanthine oxidase (XOD) for production. XOD is a target for the development of drugs for hyperuricemia (HUA) and gout. Currently, treatment options remain limited for gout patients. 3, 4-Dihydroxy-5-nitrobenzaldehyde (DHNB) is a derivative of the natural product protocatechualdehyde with good biological activity. In this work, we identify a DHNB thiosemicarbazide class of compounds that targets XOD. 3,4-Dihydroxy-5-nitrobenzaldehyde phenylthiosemicarbazone can effectively inhibit XOD activity (IC50 value: 0.0437 μM) and exhibits a mixed inhibitory effect. In a mouse model of acute hyperuricemia, a moderate dose (10 mg/kg.w) of 3,4-dihydroxy-5-nitrobenzaldehyde phenylthiosemicarbazide effectively controlled the serum uric acid content and significantly inhibited serum XOD activity. In addition, 3,4-Dihydroxy-5-nitrobenzaldehyde phenylthiosemicarbazide showed favorable safety profiles, and mice treated with the target compound did not show any symptoms of general toxicity following a single dose of 500 mg/kg. In the allopurinol group, 50 % of the mice died. These results provide a structural framework and mechanism of XOD inhibition that may facilitate the design of hyperuricemia and gout treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongying Yu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Shuaiwei Ren
- College of Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Yongcui Liao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Yousheng Huang
- College of Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Huanhuan Dong
- College of Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China.
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6
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Niu Z, Duan Z, He W, Chen T, Tang H, Du S, Sun J, Chen H, Hu Y, Iijima Y, Han S, Li J, Zhao Z. Kidney function decline mediates the adverse effects of per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) on uric acid levels and hyperuricemia risk. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 471:134312. [PMID: 38640681 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Previous studies indicated per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) were related to uric acid and hyperuricemia risk, but evidence for the exposure-response (E-R) curves and combined effect of PFAS mixture is limited. Moreover, the potential mediation effect of kidney function was not assessed. Hence, we conducted a national cross-sectional study involving 13,979 US adults in NHANES 2003-2018 to examine the associations of serum PFAS with uric acid and hyperuricemia risk, and the mediation effects of kidney function. Generalized linear models and E-R curves showed positive associations of individual PFAS with uric acid and hyperuricemia risk, and nearly linear E-R curves indicated no safe threshold for PFAS. Weighted quantile sum regression found positive associations of PFAS mixture with uric acid and hyperuricemia risk, and PFOA was the dominant contributor to the adverse effect of PFAS on uric acid and hyperuricemia risk. Causal mediation analysis indicated significant mediation effects of kidney function decline in the associations of PFAS with uric acid and hyperuricemia risk, with the mediated proportion ranging from 19 % to 57 %. Our findings suggested that PFAS, especially PFOA, may cause increased uric acid and hyperuricemia risk increase even at low levels, and kidney function decline plays a crucial mediation effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Niu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhizhou Duan
- Preventive Health Service, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, 152 Aiguo Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Weixiang He
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Tianyi Chen
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hao Tang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shuang Du
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jin Sun
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Han Chen
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuanzhuo Hu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuka Iijima
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shichao Han
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Jiufeng Li
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Zhuohui Zhao
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Typhoon Institute/CMA, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health, Shanghai 200030, China; IRDR International Center of Excellence on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; WMO/IGAC MAP-AQ Asian Office Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
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Chen Y, Li H, Cai Y, Wang K, Wang Y. Anti-hyperuricemia bioactive peptides: a review on obtaining, activity, and mechanism of action. Food Funct 2024; 15:5714-5736. [PMID: 38752330 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo00760c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Hyperuricemia, a disorder of uric acid metabolism, serves as a significant risk factor for conditions such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, renal failure, and various metabolic syndromes. The main contributors to hyperuricemia include overproduction of uric acid in the liver or impaired excretion in the kidneys. Despite traditional clinical drugs being employed for its treatment, significant health concerns persist. Recently, there has been growing interest in utilizing protein peptides sourced from diverse food origins to mitigate hyperuricemia. This article provides a comprehensive review of bioactive peptides with anti-hyperuricemia properties derived from animals, plants, and their products. We specifically outline the methods for preparing these peptides from food proteins and elucidate their efficacy and mechanisms in combating hyperuricemia, supported by in vitro and in vivo evidence. Uric acid-lowering peptides offer promising prospects due to their safer profile, enhanced efficacy, and improved bioavailability. Therefore, this review underscores significant advancements and contributions in identifying peptides capable of metabolizing purine and/or uric acid, thereby alleviating hyperuricemia. Moreover, it offers a theoretical foundation for the development of functional foods incorporating uric acid-lowering peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunfei Cai
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Modern Fermentation Engineering and Future Foods, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
- Rizhao Huawei Institute of Comprehensive Health Industries, Shandong Keepfit Biotech. Co. Ltd., Rizhao, 276800, China
| | - Yousheng Wang
- Institute of Modern Fermentation Engineering and Future Foods, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
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Wan W, Wu W, Amier Y, Li X, Yang J, Huang Y, Xun Y, Yu X. Engineered microorganisms: A new direction in kidney stone prevention and treatment. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2024; 9:294-303. [PMID: 38510204 PMCID: PMC10950756 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2024.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that intestinal and urinary tract flora are closely related to the formation of kidney stones. The removal of probiotics represented by lactic acid bacteria and the colonization of pathogenic bacteria can directly or indirectly promote the occurrence of kidney stones. However, currently existing natural probiotics have limitations. Synthetic biology is an emerging discipline in which cells or living organisms are genetically designed and modified to have biological functions that meet human needs, or even create new biological systems, and has now become a research hotspot in various fields. Using synthetic biology approaches of microbial engineering and biological redesign to enable probiotic bacteria to acquire new phenotypes or heterologous protein expression capabilities is an important part of synthetic biology research. Synthetic biology modification of microorganisms in the gut and urinary tract can effectively inhibit the development of kidney stones by a range of means, including direct degradation of metabolites that promote stone production or indirect regulation of flora homeostasis. This article reviews the research status of engineered microorganisms in the prevention and treatment of kidney stones, to provide a new and effective idea for the prevention and treatment of kidney stones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Wan
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Weisong Wu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yirixiatijiang Amier
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xianmiao Li
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Junyi Yang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yisheng Huang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yang Xun
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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Yang C, Cai H, Zhu X, Zhang L, Li J. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of 3-phenyl substituted pyridine derivatives as potential dual inhibitors of XOR and URAT1. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 271:116407. [PMID: 38663283 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) and uric acid transporter 1 (URAT1) are two most widely studied targets involved in production and reabsorption of uric acid, respectively. Marketed drugs almost target XOR or URAT1, but sometimes, single agents might not achieve aim of lowering uric acid to ideal value in clinic. Thus, therapeutic strategies of combining XOR inhibitors with uricosuric drugs were proposed and implemented. Based on our initial work of virtual screening, A and B were potential hits for dual-targeted inhibitors on XOR/URAT1. By docking A/B with XOR/URAT1 respectively, compounds I1-7 were designed to get different degree of inhibition effect on XOR and URAT1, and I7 showed the best inhibitory effect on XOR (IC50 = 0.037 ± 0.001 μM) and URAT1 (IC50 = 546.70 ± 32.60 μM). Further docking research on I7 with XOR/URAT1 led to the design of compounds II with the significantly improved inhibitory activity on XOR and URAT1, such as II11 and II15. Especially, for II15, the IC50 of XOR is 0.006 ± 0.000 μM, superior to that of febuxostat (IC50 = 0.008 ± 0.000 μM), IC50 of URAT1 is 12.90 ± 2.30 μM, superior to that of benzbromarone (IC50 = 27.04 ± 2.55 μM). In acute hyperuricemia mouse model, II15 showed significant uric acid lowering effect. The results suggest that II15 had good inhibitory effect on XOR/URAT1, with the possibility for further investigation in in-vivo models of hyperuricemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yang
- MOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Haojie Cai
- MOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xinying Zhu
- MOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- MOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jing Li
- MOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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10
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Cao L, Wu C, Liu M, Zhang W, Chen H, Wang R, He Z. The association between monocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein ratio and hyperuricemia: Results from 2009 to 2018. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37713. [PMID: 38669360 PMCID: PMC11049789 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous research has suggested that the monocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein ratio (MHR), an emerging inflammatory biomarker, holds promise in predicting the prevalence of various cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. However, earlier investigations were constrained by the relatively modest sample sizes. This study endeavored to expand the sample size and conduct a more comprehensive exploration of the potential relationship between MHR and hyperuricemia. This cross-sectional study incorporated data from participants of the 2009 to 2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) with complete and qualifying information. MHR was determined by calculating the ratio between monocyte count and high-density lipoprotein levels. Various statistical methodologies such as weighted multivariate logistic regression, subgroup analysis, smoothed curve fitting, and threshold analysis, have been used to explore the correlation between hyperuricemia and MHR. The study included a cohort of 17,694 participants, of whom 3512 were diagnosed with hyperuricemia. MHR levels were notably higher in the hyperuricemia group than in the normal group, aligning with an elevated body mass index (BMI). A comprehensive multivariate logistic analysis, accounting for all relevant adjustments, revealed a notable positive correlation between MHR and hyperuricemia (P < .001, OR = 1.98, 95% CI: 1.54-2.54). Subgroup analysis indicated that the MHR exhibited an enhanced predictive capacity for identifying hyperuricemia risk, particularly in females (P < .05). Curvilinear and threshold analyses revealed a nonlinear association between MHR and hyperuricemia prevalence, with a notable inflection point at 0.826. In the US population, a clear positive correlation was observed between the MHR and prevalence of hyperuricemia. Importantly, the MHR is a more robust predictor of hyperuricemia risk in females. Further investigations are required to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Cao
- College of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Chunwei Wu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Miao Liu
- College of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Wenlong Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Hailong Chen
- College of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Ruolin Wang
- College of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Ze He
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
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11
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Zhang X, Jiang J, Xin J, Sun N, Zhao Z, Gan B, Jiang Y, Gong X, Li H, Ma H, Ni X, Chen Y, Bai Y, Wang H. Preventive effect of Lactobacillus johnsonii YH1136 against uric acid accumulation and renal damages. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1364857. [PMID: 38690361 PMCID: PMC11059993 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1364857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Hyperuricemia (HUA) is a prevalent metabolic disorder whose development is associated with intestinal microbiota. Therefore, probiotics have emerged as a potential and safe approach for lowering uric acid (UA) levels. However, the underlying mechanisms of many effective probiotic strains remain unknown. Methods and results C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into two groups: control and model groups. The model group received 12 weeks of potassium oxonate. Through 16s sequencing we found that HUA resulted in a significant decrease in the total diversity of all intestinal segments. When each intestinal segment was analyzed individually, the reduction in diversity was only significant in the cecum and colon sections. RDA analysis showed that lactobacilli in the rat colon exhibited a strong correlation with model group, suggesting that Lactobacillus may play an important role in HUA. Consequently, the preventive effects of Lactobacillus johnsonii YH1136 against HUA were investigated. C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into three groups: control, model and YH1136 groups. The results showed that administering Lactobacillus johnsonii YH1136 effectively reduced serum UA levels in vivo by inhibiting hepatic xanthine oxidase (XOD) activity and promoting renal ABCG2 transporter expression. Moreover, supplementation with Lactobacillus johnsonii YH1136 significantly ameliorated pathological damage in the kidney and liver, thereby reducing UA accumulation. Conclusion Hyperuricemia is accompanied by an altered composition of multiple gut bacteria, of which Lactobacillus is a key genus. Lactobacillus johnsonii YH1136 may ameliorate renal involvement in HUA via the gut-kidney axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingting Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Gastroenterology of Guangdong Province, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junliang Jiang
- Baiyun Branch, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinge Xin
- Baiyun Branch, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ning Sun
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhifang Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Institution of Drug Clinical Trial, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Medical College of Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Baoxing Gan
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuemei Gong
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hao Li
- Plateau Brain Science Research Center, Tibet University, Lhasa, Tibet, China
| | - Hailin Ma
- Plateau Brain Science Research Center, Tibet University, Lhasa, Tibet, China
| | - Xueqin Ni
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Guangzhou Beneco Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Bai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Gastroenterology of Guangdong Province, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Baiyun Branch, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hesong Wang
- Baiyun Branch, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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12
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Chen Y, Liu Q, Meng X, Zhao L, Zheng X, Feng W. Catalpol ameliorates fructose-induced renal inflammation by inhibiting TLR4/MyD88 signaling and uric acid reabsorption. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 967:176356. [PMID: 38325797 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that excess fructose uptake induces metabolic syndrome and kidney injury. Here, we primarily investigated the influence of catalpol on fructose-induced renal inflammation in mice and explored its potential mechanism. Treatment with catalpol improved insulin sensitivity and hyperuricemia in fructose-fed mice. Hyperuricemia induced by high-fructose diet was associated with increases in the expressions of urate reabsorptive transporter URAT1 and GLUT9. Treatment with catalpol decreased the expressions of URAT1 and GLUT9. Futhermore, treatment with catalpol ameliorated renal inflammatory cell infiltration and podocyte injury, and these beneficial effects were associated with inhibiting the production of inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β, IL-18, IL-6 and TNF-α. Moreover, fructose-induced uric acid triggers an inflammatory response by activiting NLRP3 inflammasome, which then processes pro-inflammatory cytokines. Treatment with catalpol could inhibit the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome as well. Additionally, TLR4/MyD88 signaling was activated in fructose-fed mice, while treatment with catalpol inhibited this activation along with promoting NF-κB nuclear translocation in fructose-fed mice. Thus, our study demonstrated that catalpol could ameliorate renal inflammation in fructose-fed mice, attributing its beneficial effects to promoting uric acid excretion and inhibit the activation of TLR4/MyD88 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, China
| | - Qingpu Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, China; The Engineering and Technology Research Center of Quality Control and Evaluation for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, China
| | - Xinyu Meng
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, China
| | - Liqin Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, China
| | - Xiaoke Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, China.
| | - Weisheng Feng
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, China.
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13
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Sakaguchi YM, Wiriyasermkul P, Matsubayashi M, Miyasaka M, Sakaguchi N, Sahara Y, Takasato M, Kinugawa K, Sugie K, Eriguchi M, Tsuruya K, Kuniyasu H, Nagamori S, Mori E. Identification of three distinct cell populations for urate excretion in human kidneys. J Physiol Sci 2024; 74:1. [PMID: 38166558 PMCID: PMC10763458 DOI: 10.1186/s12576-023-00894-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
In humans, uric acid is an end-product of purine metabolism. Urate excretion from the human kidney is tightly regulated by reabsorption and secretion. At least eleven genes have been identified as human renal urate transporters. However, it remains unclear whether all renal tubular cells express the same set of urate transporters. Here, we show renal tubular cells are divided into three distinct cell populations for urate handling. Analysis of healthy human kidneys at single-cell resolution revealed that not all tubular cells expressed the same set of urate transporters. Only 32% of tubular cells were related to both reabsorption and secretion, while the remaining tubular cells were related to either reabsorption or secretion at 5% and 63%, respectively. These results provide physiological insight into the molecular function of the transporters and renal urate handling on single-cell units. Our findings suggest that three different cell populations cooperate to regulate urate excretion from the human kidney, and our proposed framework is a step forward in broadening the view from the molecular to the cellular level of transport capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiko M Sakaguchi
- Department of Future Basic Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
- Center for SI Medical Research, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Pattama Wiriyasermkul
- Center for SI Medical Research, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Masaya Matsubayashi
- Biological Research Department, Research Institute, Fuji Yakuhin Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan
| | - Masaki Miyasaka
- Center for SI Medical Research, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nau Sakaguchi
- Department of Future Basic Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Sahara
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Minoru Takasato
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kaoru Kinugawa
- Department of Future Basic Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Kazuma Sugie
- Department of Neurology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Masahiro Eriguchi
- Department of Nephrology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Tsuruya
- Department of Nephrology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kuniyasu
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Shushi Nagamori
- Center for SI Medical Research, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
- Department of Collaborative Research for Bio-Molecular Dynamics, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan.
| | - Eiichiro Mori
- Department of Future Basic Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan.
- V-iCliniX Laboratory, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan.
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14
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Bao D, Lv N, Duan X, Zhang X, Wang J, Wang S, Wang Y, Zhao MH. Prevalence and clinical association of hyperechoic crystal deposits on ultrasonography in patients with chronic kidney disease: a cross-sectional study from a single center. J Nephrol 2023; 36:2467-2475. [PMID: 37060437 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-023-01605-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperechoic crystal deposits can be detected in the kidney medulla of patients with gout by ultrasonography examination. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is usually accompanied with hyperuricemia. Whether hyperechoic crystal deposition could be detected by ultrasonography in CKD patients, and its clinical association are unknown. METHODS Five hundred and fifteen consecutive CKD patients were included in this observational study. Clinical, biochemical and pathological data were collected and analyzed. RESULTS Altogether, 234 (45.4%) patients were found to have hyperuricemia and 25 patients (4.9%) had gout history. Hyperechoic crystal deposits in kidney medulla were found in forty-four (8.5%) patients, on ultrasonography. Compared with patients without hyperechoic crystal deposits, patients with deposits were more likely to be male, younger, with gout history and presenting with higher serum uric acid level, lower estimated glomerular filtration rate, lower urine pH, lower 24 h-urinary citrate and uric acid excretion, and with a higher percentage of ischemic nephropathy (all p < 0.05). On multivariable logistic analysis, the hyperechoic depositions were associated with age [0.969 (0.944, 0.994), p = 0.016], serum uric acid level [1.246 (1.027, 1.511), p = 0.026], Sqrt-transformed 24 h-urine uric acid excretion [0.923 (0.856, 0.996), p = 0.039], and ischemic nephropathy [4.524 (1.437, 14.239), p = 0.01], respectively. CONCLUSIONS Hyperechoic crystal deposition can be detected in kidney medulla by ultrasonography; in CKD patients their presence was associated with hyperuricemia as well as with ischemic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daorina Bao
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku St., Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, 100034, China
- Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100034, China
- Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Nan Lv
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku St., Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, 100034, China
- Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100034, China
- Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Xiufang Duan
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku St., Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, 100034, China
- Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100034, China
- Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Pathological Centre, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Jinwei Wang
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku St., Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, 100034, China
- Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100034, China
- Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Suxia Wang
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Pathological Centre, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku St., Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China.
- Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, 100034, China.
- Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100034, China.
- Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100034, China.
| | - Ming-Hui Zhao
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku St., Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, 100034, China
- Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100034, China
- Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100034, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, 100871, China
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15
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Terkeltaub R. Emerging Urate-Lowering Drugs and Pharmacologic Treatment Strategies for Gout: A Narrative Review. Drugs 2023; 83:1501-1521. [PMID: 37819612 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-023-01944-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Hyperuricemia with consequent monosodium urate crystal deposition leads to gout, characterized by painful, incapacitating inflammatory arthritis flares that are also associated with increased cardiovascular event and related mortality risk. This narrative review focuses on emerging pharmacologic urate-lowering treatment (ULT) and management strategies in gout. Undertreated, gout can progress to palpable tophi and joint damage. In oral ULT clinical trials, target serum urate of < 6.0 mg/dL can be achieved in ~ 80-90% of subjects, with flare burden reduction by 1-2 years. However, real-world ULT results are far less successful, due to both singular patient nonadherence and prescriber undertreatment, particularly in primary care, where most patients are managed. Multiple dose titrations commonly needed to optimize first-line allopurinol ULT monotherapy, and substantial potential toxicities and other limitations of approved, marketed oral monotherapy ULT drugs, promote hyperuricemia undertreatment. Common gout comorbidities with associated increased mortality (e.g., moderate-severe chronic kidney disease [CKD], type 2 diabetes, hypertension, atherosclerosis, heart failure) heighten ULT treatment complexity and emphasize unmet needs for better and more rapid clinically significant outcomes, including attenuated gout flare burden. The gout drug armamentarium will be expanded by integrating sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors with uricosuric and anti-inflammatory properties as well as clinically indicated antidiabetic, nephroprotective, and/or cardioprotective effects. The broad ULT developmental pipeline is loaded with multiple uricosurics that selectively target uric acid transporter 1 (URAT1). Evolving ULT approaches include administering selected gut anaerobic purine degrading bacteria (PDB), modulating intestinal urate transport, and employing liver-targeted xanthine oxidoreductase mRNA knockdown. Last, emerging measures to decrease the immunogenicity of systemically administered recombinant uricases should simplify treatment regimens and further improve outcomes in managing the most severe gout phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Terkeltaub
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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16
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Salvador CL, Flemmen PTK, Tøndel C, Bliksrud YT, Tsui EFF, Brun A, Bjerre A, Mørkrid L. Renal function, sex and age influence purines and pyrimidines in urine and could lead to diagnostic misinterpretation. Mol Genet Metab 2023; 140:107649. [PMID: 37517327 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2023.107649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is commonly used in clinical practice for the diagnosis and follow-up of chronic kidney disease. Screening for inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) is based on analysis of biomarkers in urine, reported by their ratio to urinary creatinine (crn). Impaired renal function may complicate the interpretation of several biomarkers used for screening of IEM. Our goal was to investigate the influence of kidney function, in terms of measured GFR (mGFR) on purines and pyrimidines in urine, in addition to the relationship to sex, age, pH and ketosis. Children (n = 96) with chronic kidney disease (CKD), in different CKD stages, were included. Urine samples were obtained prior to the injection of iohexol. Serum samples at 7 time-points were used to calculate mGFR based on iohexol plasma clearance. The association with sex, age, ketosis and pH was examined in samples of the laboratory production from 2015 to 2021 (n = 8192). Age was a highly significant covariate for all markers. GFR correlated positively to several purines and pyrimidines; the ratios hypoxanthine/crn, xanthine/crn and urate/crn (p = 2.0 × 10-14, < 3 × 10-15 and 7.2 × 10-4, respectively), and the ratios orotic acid/crn, uracil/crn, and carbamyl-β-alanine/crn (p = 0.03, 1.4 × 10-6 and 0.003, respectively). The values of urate/crn, xanthine/crn, uracil/crn, and carbamyl-β-alanine/crn were higher in females above 16 years of age. Ketosis and pH influenced some markers. In conclusion, decreased renal function interferes with the excretion of urinary purines and pyrimidines, and this could change decision limits substantially, e.g. result in false negative results in Lesch-Nyhan syndrome. SYNOPSIS: GFR influences purines and pyrimidines in urine. Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, Identifier NCT01092260, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01092260?term=tondel&rank=2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Camilla Tøndel
- Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | - Atle Brun
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anna Bjerre
- Department of Pediatrics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars Mørkrid
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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17
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Lin F, Sun M, Gao J, Zhang B, Mao Q, Bao Z, Shen C, Li Q, Wang H, Wang S. Identification of 5-[5-cyano-1-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxamido] thiazole-4-carboxylic acid as a promising dual inhibitor of urate transporter 1 and xanthine oxidase. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 257:115532. [PMID: 37295161 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In combination with allopurinol, tranilast is used as an urate transporter 1 (URAT1) inhibitor for the treatment of hyperuricemia, but its structure-activity relationship concerning URAT1 inhibitory activity is rarely studied. In this paper, analogs 1-30 were designed and synthesized using scaffold hopping strategy on the basis of tranilast and the privileged scaffold indole. Then, URAT1 activity was evaluated using 14C-uric acid uptake assay with HEK293-URAT1 overexpressing cells. Compared with tranilast (inhibitory rate = 44.9% at 10 μM), most compounds displayed apparent inhibitory effects, ranging from 40.0% to 81.0% at 10 μM on URAT1. Surprisingly, along with the bringing in of a cyano group at the 5-position of indole ring, compounds 26 and 28-30 exerted xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory activity. In particular, compound 29 presented potency on URAT1 (48.0% at 10 μM) and XO (IC50 = 1.01 μM). Molecular simulation analysis revealed that the basic structure of compound 29 had an affinity with URAT1, and XO. Furthermore, compound 29 demonstrated a significant hypouricemic effect in a potassium oxonate-induced hyperuricemia rat model at an oral dose of 10 mg/kg during in vivo tests. In summary, tranilast analog 29 was identified as a potent dual-target inhibitor of URAT1 and XO, and a promising lead compound for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengwei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Culture Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Ming Sun
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Culture Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jun Gao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Culture Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Culture Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Qing Mao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Culture Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Ziyang Bao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Culture Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Chao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Culture Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Qiuhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Culture Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.
| | - Shaojie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Culture Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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Hu Q, Ji J, Xu D, Ye Y, Sun J, Sheng L, Zhang Y, Sun X. Isolation and characterization of uric acid-lowering functional components from Polygonum cuspidatum. FOOD BIOSCI 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.102314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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19
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Hou SW, Chen SJ, Shen JD, Chen HY, Wang SJ, Wang CH, Man KM, Liu PL, Tsai MY, Chen YH, Chen WC. Emodin, a Natural Anthraquinone, Increases Uric Acid Excretion in Rats with Potassium Oxonate-Induced Hyperuricemia. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:789. [PMID: 37375737 DOI: 10.3390/ph16060789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The treatment of hyperuricemia and gout is mostly based on lowering serum uric acid levels using drugs, such as allopurinol, or increasing urinary excretion of uric acid. However, some patients still experience adverse reactions to allopurinol and turn to Chinese medicine as an alternative. Therefore, it is crucial to design a preclinical study to obtain more convincing data on the treatment of hyperuricemia and gout with Chinese medicine. This study aimed to explore the therapeutic effect of emodin, a Chinese herbal extract, in a rat model of hyperuricemia and gout. In this study, we used 36 Sprague-Dawley rats, which were randomly divided into six groups for experimentation. Hyperuricemia was induced in rats by intraperitoneal injections of potassium oxonate. The efficacy of emodin in reducing serum uric acid levels was demonstrated by comparing the positive control group with groups treated with three different concentrations of emodin. The inflammatory profiles, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α levels, were unaffected by emodin treatment. In the experimental results, it was observed that the serum uric acid concentration in the vehicle control group was 1.80 ± 1.14, while the concentrations in the moderate and high concentration emodin groups were 1.18 ± 0.23 and 1.12 ± 0.57, resulting in no significant difference in uric acid concentration between these treatment groups and the control group, indicating that emodin has a therapeutic effect on hyperuricemia. The increase in the fractional excretion of uric acid (FEUA) demonstrated that emodin promoted urinary uric acid excretion without significantly affecting the inflammatory profile. Thus, emodin reduced the serum uric acid concentration to achieve effective treatment of hyperuricemia and gout by increasing urinary excretion. These results were supported by the measured serum uric acid and FEUA levels. Our data have potential implications for the treatment of gout and other types of hyperuricemia in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen-Wei Hou
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Ju Chen
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Dung Shen
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taichung Armed Forces General Hospital, Taichung 411, Taiwan
- National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Huey-Yi Chen
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Medical Research, Department of Urology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jing Wang
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Han Wang
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung 427, Taiwan
| | - Kee-Ming Man
- Department of Medicinal Botanicals and Health Applications, College of Biotechnology and Bioresources, Da Yeh University, Changhua 515, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, China Medical University Hsinchu Hospital, Hsinchu 302, Taiwan
| | - Po-Len Liu
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yen Tsai
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Kaohsiung Municipal Feng Shan Hospital-Under the Management of Chang Gung Medical Foundation, Kaohsiung 830, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Hsiang Chen
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Medical Research, Department of Urology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chi Chen
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Medical Research, Department of Urology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
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Lai SW, Hwang BF, Kuo YH, Liu CS, Liao KF. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors use and the risk of gout: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1158153. [PMID: 37288295 PMCID: PMC10242385 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1158153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To assess the relationship between use of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and the risk of gout among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods A systemic review and meta-analysis were designed by reviewing articles published between 2000 January 1 and 2022 December 31 using PubMed system and Web of Science system based on the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. The end point of interest was gout (including gout flares, gout events, starting uric-acid lowering therapy and starting anti-gout drugs use) among patients with T2DM using SGLT2i versus not using SGLT2i. A random-effects model was utilized to measure the pooled hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for the risk of gout associated with SGLT2i use. Results Two prospective post-hoc analyses of randomized controlled trials and 5 retrospective electronic medical record-linkage cohort studies met the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis demonstrated that there was a decreased risk of developing gout for SGLT2i use as comparing with non-use of SGLT2i among patients with T2DM (pooled HR=0.66 and 95%CI=0.57-0.76). Conclusions This meta-analysis demonstrates that SGLT2i use is associated with a 34% decreased risk of developing gout among patients with T2DM. SGLT2i may be the treatment options for patients with T2DM who are at high risk of gout. More randomized controlled trials and real-world data are needed to confirm whether there is a class effect of SGLT2i for the risk reduction of gout among patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Wei Lai
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Fang Hwang
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hung Kuo
- Department of Research, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Shong Liu
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Fu Liao
- College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Division of Hepatogastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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21
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Guo XL, Gao YY, Yang YX, Zhu QF, Guan HY, He X, Zhang CL, Wang Y, Xu GB, Zou SH, Wei MC, Zhang J, Zhang JJ, Liao SG. Amelioration effects of α-viniferin on hyperuricemia and hyperuricemia-induced kidney injury in mice. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 116:154868. [PMID: 37209608 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND α-Viniferin, the major constituent of the roots of Caragana sinica (Buc'hoz) Rehder with a trimeric resveratrol oligostilbenoid skeleton, was demonstrated to possess a strong inhibitory effect on xanthine oxidase in vitro, suggesting it to be a potential anti-hyperuricemia agent. However, the in vivo anti-hyperuricemia effect and its underlying mechanism were still unknown. PURPOSE The current study aimed to evaluate the anti-hyperuricemia effect of α-viniferin in a mouse model and to assess its safety profile with emphasis on its protective effect on hyperuricemia-induced renal injury. METHODS The effects were assessed in a potassium oxonate (PO)- and hypoxanthine (HX)-induced hyperuricemia mice model by analyzing the levels of serum uric acid (SUA), urine uric acid (UUA), serum creatinine (SCRE), serum urea nitrogen (SBUN), and histological changes. Western blotting and transcriptomic analysis were used to identify the genes, proteins, and signaling pathways involved. RESULTS α-Viniferin treatment significantly reduced SUA levels and markedly mitigated hyperuricemia-induced kidney injury in the hyperuricemia mice. Besides, α-viniferin did not show any obvious toxicity in mice. Research into the mechanism of action of α-viniferin revealed that it not only inhibited uric acid formation by acting as an XOD inhibitor, but also reduced uric acid absorption by acting as a GLUT9 and URAT1 dual inhibitor as well as promoted uric acid excretion by acting as a ABCG2 and OAT1 dual activator. Then, 54 differentially expressed (log2 FPKM ≥ 1.5, p ≤ 0.01) genes (DEGs) repressed by the treatment of α-viniferin in the hyperuricemia mice were identified in the kidney. Finally, gene annotation results revealed that downregulation of S100A9 in the IL-17 pathway, of CCR5 and PIK3R5 in the chemokine signaling pathway, and of TLR2, ITGA4, and PIK3R5 in the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway were involved in the protective effect of α-viniferin on the hyperuricemia-induced renal injury. CONCLUSIONS α-Viniferin inhibited the production of uric acid through down-regulation of XOD in hyperuricemia mice. Besides, it also down-regulated the expressions of URAT1 and GLUT9 and up-regulated the expressions of ABCG2 and OAT1 to promote the excretion of uric acid. α-Viniferin could prevent hyperuricemia mice from renal damage by regulating the IL-17, chemokine, and PI3K-AKT signaling pathways. Collectively, α-viniferin was a promising antihyperuricemia agent with desirable safety profile. This is the first report of α-viniferin as an antihyperuricemia agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants & School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New District, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Yan-Yan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants & School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New District, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Ya-Xin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants & School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New District, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Qin-Feng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants & School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New District, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Huan-Yu Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants & School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New District, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Xun He
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants & School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New District, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Chun-Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants & School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New District, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Ya Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants & School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New District, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Guo-Bo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants & School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New District, 550025, Guizhou, China; National Engineering Research Center of Miao's Medicines & Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM, Ministry of Education & Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Shu-Han Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants & School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New District, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Mao-Chen Wei
- Guiyang Xintian Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Guiyang, 550000, Guizhou, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants & School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New District, 550025, Guizhou, China; Medicinal Bioinformatics Center, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 2000000, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Juan Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou 550025, China.
| | - Shang-Gao Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants & School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New District, 550025, Guizhou, China; National Engineering Research Center of Miao's Medicines & Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM, Ministry of Education & Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, China.
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Tao H, Mo Y, Liu W, Wang H. A review on gout: Looking back and looking ahead. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 117:109977. [PMID: 37012869 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Gout is a metabolic disease caused by the deposition of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals inside joints, which leads to inflammation and tissue damage. Increased concentration of serum urate is an essential step in the development of gout. Serum urate is regulated by urate transporters in the kidney and intestine, especially GLUT9 (SLC2A9), URAT1 (SLC22A12) and ABCG. Activation of NLRP3 inflammasome bodies and subsequent release of IL-1β by monosodium urate crystals induce the crescendo of acute gouty arthritis, while neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are considered to drive the self-resolving of gout within a few days. If untreated, acute gout may eventually develop into chronic tophaceous gout characterized by tophi, chronic gouty synovitis, and structural joint damage, leading the crushing burden of treatment. Although the research on the pathological mechanism of gout has been gradually deepened in recent years, many clinical manifestations of gout are still unable to be fully elucidated. Here, we reviewed the molecular pathological mechanism behind various clinical manifestations of gout, with a view to making contributions to further understanding and treatment.
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Vitamin C transporter SVCT1 serves a physiological role as a urate importer: functional analyses and in vivo investigations. Pflugers Arch 2023; 475:489-504. [PMID: 36749388 PMCID: PMC10011331 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-023-02792-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Uric acid, the end product of purine metabolism in humans, is crucial because of its anti-oxidant activity and a causal relationship with hyperuricemia and gout. Several physiologically important urate transporters regulate this water-soluble metabolite in the human body; however, the existence of latent transporters has been suggested in the literature. We focused on the Escherichia coli urate transporter YgfU, a nucleobase-ascorbate transporter (NAT) family member, to address this issue. Only SLC23A proteins are members of the NAT family in humans. Based on the amino acid sequence similarity to YgfU, we hypothesized that SLC23A1, also known as sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter 1 (SVCT1), might be a urate transporter. First, we identified human SVCT1 and mouse Svct1 as sodium-dependent low-affinity/high-capacity urate transporters using mammalian cell-based transport assays. Next, using the CRISPR-Cas9 system followed by the crossing of mice, we generated Svct1 knockout mice lacking both urate transporter 1 and uricase. In the hyperuricemic mice model, serum urate levels were lower than controls, suggesting that Svct1 disruption could reduce serum urate. Given that Svct1 physiologically functions as a renal vitamin C re-absorber, it could also be involved in urate re-uptake from urine, though additional studies are required to obtain deeper insights into the underlying mechanisms. Our findings regarding the dual-substrate specificity of SVCT1 expand the understanding of urate handling systems and functional evolutionary changes in NAT family proteins.
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Chrysant SG. Association of hyperuricemia with cardiovascular diseases: current evidence. Hosp Pract (1995) 2023; 51:54-63. [PMID: 36730938 DOI: 10.1080/21548331.2023.2173413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to present a historical and unified perspective on the association of serum uric acid (SUA) in the cause of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The association of hyperuricemia (HUC) with CVD begun to be appreciated in the middle 1950s and early 1990s when clinical evidence was shown on the association of HUC with CVD. However, this association was disputed by several investigators including the Framingham group and by professional societies, like the American Heart Association and the American Society of Hypertension. This dispute was weakened or reversed by later studies, which showed a positive association of HUC with CVD, CHD, HF, CKD, and stroke, mediated by several risk factors, both molecular such as, oxidative stress, inflammatory stress, insulin resistance, and endothelial dysfunction, as well as clinical factors such as, atherosclerosis, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The great majority of recent studies show a positive association of HUC with CVDs, and CKD. However, the cutoff of the damaging levels of SUA have not been established as yet. The European Society of Hypertension (ESH) Treatment Guidelines have proposed a cutoff level of SUA for CVD > 7 mg/dl for men and > 6 mg/dl for women. In contrast, the URRAH study has shown a SUA level of 4.7 mg/dl for all-cause mortality and 5.6 mg/dl for CV mortality. These levels are lower than the SUA levels proposed by the ESH, which are consistent with HUC. For a better understanding of this association, a Medline search of the English literature was conducted between 2015 and 2022 and 44 pertinent papers were selected. These papers together with collateral literature will be discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven G Chrysant
- Department of Cardiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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25
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Song D, Zhao H, Wang L, Wang F, Fang L, Zhao X. Ethanol extract of Sophora japonica flower bud, an effective potential dietary supplement for the treatment of hyperuricemia. FOOD BIOSCI 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2023.102457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Han Y, Wang S, Zhao H, Cao Y, Han X, Di H, Yin Y, Wu J, Zhang Y, Zeng X. Lower Serum Uric Acid Levels May Lower the Incidence of Diabetic Chronic Complications in U.S. Adults Aged 40 and Over. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12020725. [PMID: 36675654 PMCID: PMC9862742 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12020725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have generally reported the association between serum uric acid (SUA) and diabetic complications, but large-scale research exploring the above association in U.S. adults with diabetes is limited. To explore the association between SUA and chronic complications of diabetes among U.S. patients aged ≥40, we used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999−2008. SUA was divided into three levels: T1 (SUA ≥ 420 μmol/L), T2 (300 ≤ SUA < 420 μmol/L), and T3 (SUA < 300 μmol/L). Binary logistic regression and restricted cubic spline analysis were applied to evaluate the association between SUA and chronic complications of diabetes. A trend test was performed as the SUA increased substantially. After full-adjusted confounding factors, patients in the T3 group had a lower risk of diabetic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, and peripheral neuropathy compared with the T1 group, with a OR (95% CIs) of 0.33 (0.21−0.52), 0.56 (0.36−0.87), and 0.49 (0.27−0.89), respectively. The restricted cubic spline showed a significant positive relationship between SUA and cardiovascular disease and diabetic kidney disease in diabetes patients, but not peripheral neuropathy. Maintaining a SUA of less than 300 μmol/L might be protective against the risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetic kidney disease, and peripheral neuropathy other than diabetic retinopathy compared with a SUA of more than 420 μmol/L in U.S. diabetes patients aged 40 and over.
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27
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Zi X, Zhang X, Hao C, Wang Z. Risk factors and management of hyperuricemia after renal transplantation. Front Surg 2023; 9:956213. [PMID: 36760666 PMCID: PMC9904410 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.956213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperuricemia (HUA) is a common complication after renal transplantation. Currently, there is no uniform consensus on factors which increase the risk for and treatment of HUA in renal transplant recipients. The purpose of this review is to summarize current and proposed risk factors and strategies to manage HUA after renal transplantation in order to assist renal function protection and prolong graft survival time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zi
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Chuan Hao
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China,Correspondence: Chuan Hao Zhenxing Wang
| | - Zhenxing Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China,Correspondence: Chuan Hao Zhenxing Wang
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28
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Li LZ, Wang XM, Feng XJ, Liu K, Li B, Zhu LJ, Xu WF, Zheng X, Dong YJ, He XL, Guan HR, Ding YY, Wu HS, Zhou CJ, Ye SY, Zhang BB, Lv GY, Chen SH. Effects of a Macroporous Resin Extract of Dendrobium officinale Leaves in Rats with Hyperuricemia Induced by Anthropomorphic Unhealthy Lifestyle. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2023; 2023:9990843. [PMID: 36644440 PMCID: PMC9839412 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9990843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Aim Hyperuricemia (HUA) has received increased attention in the last few decades due to its global prevalence. Our previous study found that administration of a macroporous resin extract of Dendrobium officinale leaves (DoMRE) to rats with HUA that was induced by exposure to potassium oxazine combined with fructose and a high-purine diet led to a significant reduction in serum uric acid (SUA) levels. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of DoMRE on hyperuricemia induced by anthropomorphic unhealthy lifestyle and to elucidate its possible mechanisms of action. Methods Dosages (5.0 and 10.0 g/kg/day) of DoMRE were administered to rats daily after induction of HUA by anthropomorphic unhealthy lifestyle for 12 weeks. The levels of UA in the serum, urine, and feces; the levels of creatinine (Cr) in the serum and urine; and the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in serum were all measured using an automatic biochemical analyzer. The activities of xanthine oxidase (XOD) and adenosine deaminase (ADA) in the serum, liver, and intestine tissue supernatant were measured using appropriate kits for each biological target. The expressions levels of UA transporters (ABCG2 and GLUT9), tight junction (TJ) proteins (ZO-1 and occludin), and inflammatory factors (IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α) in the intestine were assayed by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was used to assess histological changes in the renal and intestinal tissues. Results DoMRE treatment significantly reduced SUA levels and concomitantly increased fecal UA (FUA) levels and the fractional excretion of UA (FEUA) in HUA rats. Furthermore, DoMRE significantly reduced both the XOD activity in the serum, liver, and intestine and the ADA activity in the liver and intestine. DoMRE also effectively regulated the expression of GLUT9 and ABCG2 in the intestine, and it significantly upregulated the expression of the intestinal TJ proteins ZO-1 and occludin. Therefore, DoMRE reduced the damage to the intestinal barrier function caused by the increased production of inflammatory factors due to HUA to ensure normal intestinal UA excretion. Conclusion DoMRE demonstrated anti-HUA effects in the HUA rat model induced by an anthropomorphic unhealthy lifestyle, and the molecular mechanism appeared to involve the regulation of urate transport-related transporters (ABCG2 and GLUT9) in the intestine, protection of the intestinal barrier function to promote UA excretion, and inhibition of XOD and ADA activity in the liver and intestine to inhibit UA production in the HUA-induced rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Zi Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM for Innovative R & D and Digital Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM Great Health Products, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Xi-Ming Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM for Innovative R & D and Digital Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM Great Health Products, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Xiao-Jie Feng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM for Innovative R & D and Digital Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM Great Health Products, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM for Innovative R & D and Digital Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM Great Health Products, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Bo Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM for Innovative R & D and Digital Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM Great Health Products, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Li-Jie Zhu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM for Innovative R & D and Digital Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM Great Health Products, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Wan-Feng Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM for Innovative R & D and Digital Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM Great Health Products, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Xiang Zheng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM for Innovative R & D and Digital Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM Great Health Products, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Ying-Jie Dong
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM for Innovative R & D and Digital Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM Great Health Products, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Xing-Lishang He
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM for Innovative R & D and Digital Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM Great Health Products, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Hao-Ru Guan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM for Innovative R & D and Digital Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM Great Health Products, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Yan-Yan Ding
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM for Innovative R & D and Digital Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM Great Health Products, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Han-Song Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM for Innovative R & D and Digital Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM Great Health Products, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Chuan-Jie Zhou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM for Innovative R & D and Digital Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM Great Health Products, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Sen-Yu Ye
- Zhejiang Senyu Co., Ltd., Yiwu, Zhejiang 322099, China
| | - Bei-Bei Zhang
- Center for Food Evaluation, State Administration for Market Regulation, No. 188 Western Road of South Fourth Ring Road, Fengtai District, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Gui-Yuan Lv
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Su-Hong Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM for Innovative R & D and Digital Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM Great Health Products, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
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Zhang J, Sun W, Gao F, Lu J, Li K, Xu Y, Li Y, Li C, Chen Y. Changes of serum uric acid level during acute gout flare and related factors. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1077059. [PMID: 36896178 PMCID: PMC9989260 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1077059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE By studying the changes of serum uric acid (SUA) in acute stage and remission stage of gouty arthritis, we aimed to explore the relationship between the changes of SUA level and free glucocorticoids and inflammatory factors. METHODS A prospective, longitudinal study was conducted on 50 acute gout patients in the dedicated gout clinic of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University. Blood and 24-hour urine samples were collected during the acute phase and two weeks after the initial visit. Patients with acute gouty arthritis were treated primarily with colchicine and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. RESULTS A total of 32 patients completed the two-week follow-up trial. SUA levels were significantly downregulated during the acute flare than after the flare (464.14 ± 90.97 vs. 527.36 ± 86.90 μmol/L, p < 0.001). The 24-hour fractional excretion of uric acid (24 h FEur) (5.54 ± 2.82% vs. 4.68 ± 2.83%, p < 0.001) and 24-hour urinary uric acid excretion (24 h Uur) (663.08 ± 249.48 μmol/L vs. 540.87 ± 263.18 μmol/L, p = 0.001) increased significantly in patients during the acute phase. The percent change in SUA was associated with those in 24 h FEur and C-reactive protein. Meanwhile, the percent change in 24 h Uur was associated with those in 24-hour urinary free cortisol, percent change in interleukin 1β and interleukin 6. CONCLUSION Decreased SUA level during the acute gout flare was associated with increased excretion of urinary uric acid. Inflammatory factors and bioactive free glucocorticoids may play significant roles in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenyan Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases and Qingdao Key Laboratory of Gout, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Kelei Li
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yijun Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yushuang Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Changgui Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases and Qingdao Key Laboratory of Gout, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Immune Diseases and Gout, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Ying Chen, ; Changgui Li,
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Immune Diseases and Gout, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Ying Chen, ; Changgui Li,
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Feng Y, Fu M, Guan X, Wang C, Meng H, Zhou Y, He M, Guo H. Associations of exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances with serum uric acid change and hyperuricemia among Chinese women: Results from a longitudinal study. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136438. [PMID: 36116625 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cross-sectional studies have reported associations of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) with concurrent serum uric acid (UA) levels. However, the prospective associations of other commonly detected perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) with serum UA and hyperuricemia remain unclear. METHODS A total of 654 females from the Dongfeng-Tongji cohort, who were followed up from 2008 to 2018, were included in this study. We measured their baseline plasma concentrations of six PFASs [including perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), PFOA, perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), and perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA)], as well as their serum UA levels at both baseline and follow-up visits. General linear and logistic regression models were constructed to explore the associations of each PFAS with annual change of serum UA and incident hyperuricemia. Mixture effects of PFASs were further assessed by using the quantile g-computation approach. RESULTS Compared to participants with low PFNA exposure (≤50th), those with high PFNA exposure (>75th) had significantly increased annual increment of serum UA [β(95%CI) = 2.58 (0.60, 4.55)]. No significant associations of PFOS, PFOA, PFDA, PFHxS, or PFHpA with serum UA change were observed. Besides, females with high PFOA or PFHpA (>75th) exposure had higher incident risk of hyperuricemia than those with low exposure (<50th) [OR (95%CI) = 1.94 (1.00, 3.76) and 1.86 (1.03, 3.36), respectively]. No significant associations of PFOS, PFNA, PFDA, and PFHxS with hyperuricemia risk were observed. Quantile g-computation approach didn't find significant effects of PFAS co-exposure on serum UA change or hyperuricemia incidence. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested exposure to PFASs as a risk factor for hyperuricemia and shed light on hyperuricemia prevention for elderly females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Feng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming Fu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Guan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chenming Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hua Meng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuhan Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Meian He
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huan Guo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Li MH, Guan J, Chen Z, Mo JX, Wu KR, Hu XG, Lan T, Guo J. Fufang Zhenzhu Tiaozhi capsule ameliorates hyperuricemic nephropathy by inhibition of PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 298:115644. [PMID: 35987412 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Excessive serum uric acid (SUA) causes hyperuricemic nephropathy (HN), characterized by inflammatory infiltration and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Most recently, we demonstrated that Fufang Zhenzhu Tiaozhi (FTZ) capsule attenuated diabetic nephropathy through inhibition of renal inflammation and fibrosis. However, whether FTZ ameliorates HN is still unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY To determine the protective roles and mechanism of FTZ in mouse renal injury and fibrosis under hyperuricemic condition. MATERIALS AND METHODS HN mice, induced by potassium oxonate and hypoxanthine, were administrated with 600 and 1200 mg/kg FTZ (intragastrically) daily for three weeks. SUA levels, renal functions and histological changes were analyzed. Western blotting, quantitative real-time PCR (q-PCR) and RNA sequencing were used to identify the roles and underlying mechanism of FTZ in HN mice. RESULTS We demonstrated that FTZ treatment mitigated renal injury in mice, as evidenced by the decrease in SUA, serum creatinine (SCr) and cystatin C (Cys C) levels, as well as improved renal histology. FTZ markedly attenuates inflammasome activation, collagen deposition and the imbalance of uric acid transporters. RNA-sequencing revealed a key mechanism involved in the protective effects on HN mice was related to PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway. Western blot also confirmed that FTZ diminished the phosphorylation of AKT and p65 in HN mice. CONCLUSIONS FTZ prevents renal injury, inflammation and fibrosis in HN mice via promoting uric acid excretion and inhibiting PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hui Li
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Jin Guan
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China.
| | - Zhe Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China.
| | - Ju-Xian Mo
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Kai-Reng Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China.
| | - Xu-Guang Hu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Tian Lan
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Jiao Guo
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Li Y, Li L, Tian J, Zheng F, Liao H, Zhao Z, Chen Y, Pang J, Wu T. Insoluble Fiber in Barley Leaf Attenuates Hyperuricemic Nephropathy by Modulating Gut Microbiota and Short-Chain Fatty Acids. Foods 2022; 11:3482. [PMID: 36360095 PMCID: PMC9656210 DOI: 10.3390/foods11213482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperuricemia (HUA), characterized by abnormal serum uric acid (UA) levels, is recognized as an important risk factor for hyperuricemic nephropathy (HN), which is strongly linked to gut microbiota. This study investigated the protective effects and regulatory mechanisms of insoluble fiber from barley leaves (BL) against HN, induced by adenine (Ad) and potassium oxonate (PO). The results showed that BL dramatically reduced the levels of serum UA and creatinine (CR) and alleviated renal injury and fibrosis. Moreover, BL modulated oxidative stress and downregulated the expression of urate transporter 1 (URAT1) and glucose transporter 9 (GLUT9) in the kidneys of mice with HN. In addition, the 16S rRNA sequence data showed that BL also increased the relative abundance of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producing bacteria, including Bacteroides, Alloprevotella, and Eisenbergiella. Besides, BL treatment also increased SCFAs levels. Of interest, the application of SCFAs in hyperuricemic mice effectively reduced their serum UA. Furthermore, SCFAs dose-dependently inhibited URAT1 and GLUT9 in vitro and potently interacted with URAT1 and GLUT9 in the docking analysis. When taken together, our results indicate that BL and its metabolite SCFAs may be potential candidates for relieving HUA or HN.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ting Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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Metabolomics as a Crucial Tool to Develop New Therapeutic Strategies for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12090864. [PMID: 36144268 PMCID: PMC9503806 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12090864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), such as Alzheimer’s (AD), Parkinson’s (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), share common pathological mechanisms, including metabolism alterations. However, their specific neuronal cell types affected and molecular biomarkers suggest that there are both common and specific alterations regarding metabolite levels. In this review, we were interested in identifying metabolite alterations that have been reported in preclinical models of NDs and that have also been documented as altered in NDs patients. Such alterations could represent interesting targets for the development of targeted therapy. Importantly, the translation of such findings from preclinical to clinical studies is primordial for the study of possible therapeutic agents. We found that N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA), myo-inositol, and glutamate are commonly altered in the three NDs investigated here. We also found other metabolites commonly altered in both AD and PD. In this review, we discuss the studies reporting such alterations and the possible pathological mechanism underlying them. Finally, we discuss clinical trials that have attempted to develop treatments targeting such alterations. We conclude that the treatment combination of both common and differential alterations would increase the chances of patients having access to efficient treatments for each ND.
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Han Y, Han X, Yin Y, Cao Y, Di H, Wu J, Zhang Y, Zeng X. Dose-Response Relationship of Uric Acid With Fasting Glucose, Insulin, and Insulin Resistance in a United States Cohort of 5,148 Non-diabetic People. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:905085. [PMID: 35755073 PMCID: PMC9218264 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.905085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is a limited number of studies on the dose-response relationship between serum uric acid and impaired glucose metabolism in people without diabetes, and no large-scale research exploring the relationship in women without diabetes is based on menopausal status. Consequently, the present study aimed to investigate the above relationship in United States adults without diabetes. Materials and Methods Data from 2,498 men and 2,650 women aged ≥20 years were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2016 conducted in the United States. Binary logistic regression analysis was applied to evaluate the association between uric acid and impaired glucose metabolism. Restricted cubic spline analysis, sensitivity analysis, and stratified analysis by menopausal status were performed to explore the above relationships. Results A positive correlation was found between uric acid and the risk of insulin resistance in all participants (P < 0.05). In binary logistic regression analysis, after adjusting for confounding factors, compared with the lowest quartile of uric acid, the odds ratio (95% confidence intervals) of insulin resistance in the highest quartile was 1.9 (1.1-3.1) and 2.2 (1.2-4.3) in men and women, respectively. A significant positive relationship was also observed between uric acid and impaired fasting glucose and hyperinsulinemia in women, while in men, uric acid was positively associated with the risk of hyperinsulinemia but not impaired fasting glucose. Restricted cubic spline showed that the odds ratios of insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia increased with elevating uric acid levels in both men and women. When stratified by menopause, the association remained significant in pre-menopausal women aged ≥20, but insignificant in post-menopausal women. Conclusion Uric acid was positively associated with the risk of impaired glucose metabolism in a cohort of United States adults, and uric acid increased the risk of insulin resistance in pre-menopausal, but not in post-menopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingdong Han
- Department of Family Medicine and Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases (Peking Union Medical College Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Xinxin Han
- Department of Family Medicine and Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases (Peking Union Medical College Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Yue Yin
- Department of Family Medicine and Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases (Peking Union Medical College Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Family Medicine and Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases (Peking Union Medical College Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Hong Di
- Department of Family Medicine and Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases (Peking Union Medical College Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Juan Wu
- Department of Family Medicine and Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases (Peking Union Medical College Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Family Medicine and Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases (Peking Union Medical College Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Xuejun Zeng
- Department of Family Medicine and Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases (Peking Union Medical College Hospital), Beijing, China
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Zhang P, Chen L, Li Z, Ni W, Wang L, Mei W, Ruan G, Shi Z, Dai C. Association Between Serum Uric Acid Levels and Traditional Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Xiamen Residents of China: A Real-World Study. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:913437. [PMID: 35656392 PMCID: PMC9152081 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.913437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Serum uric acid (SUA) levels was associated with cardiovascular diseases and cardiovascular events. However, the relationship between SUA levels and traditional cardiovascular risk factors has not been well-established among Xiamen residents. Our study aimed to estimate the relationship between SUA levels and cardiovascular risk factors among Xiamen residents using real-world data. Methods Participants were enrolled from eight community health service centers in Xiamen, China. Participants were divided into four groups according to quartiles of the SUA levels. The history of diseases, the use of medications and the levels of laboratory parameters were collected. The China-PAR equation was used to evaluate the 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk. Results A total of 1,322 participants were enrolled. About 568 (43.0%) were men and 754 (57.0%) were women. The prevalences of hypertension, elderly, current smokers, and obesity were higher in the quartile 4 (Q4) group than the quartile 1 (Q1) group (all p < 0.001). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed the OR for hypertension was 2.671 (95% CI 1.777–4.015, p < 0.001) in the Q4 group compared with that in the Q1 group. Further logistic regression showed the OR for hypertension was 3.254 (95% CI 1.756–6.031, p < 0.001) in men and 2.314 (95% CI 1.354–3.955, p = 0.002) in women in the Q4 group compared with that in the Q1 group, respectively. In addition, the percentage of participants with low 10-year ASCVD risk calculated by China-PAR was higher in the Q1 group than that in the Q4 group (55.86 vs. 31.82%, p < 0.001). The percentage of participants with high 10-year ASCVD risk was lower in the Q1 group compared with the Q4 group (15.32 vs. 25.45%, p < 0.001). Multiple linear logistic regression showed the 10-year China-PAR ASCVD risk scores was positively correlated with SUA after adjusting for various factors (β = 0.135, p = 0.001). Conclusion Serum uric acid was associated with several cardiovascular risk factors in Xiamen residents. The percentage of high 10-year ASDVD risk was higher in participants with hyperuricemia. Participants with hyperuricemia may experience cardiovascular benefit from uric acid-lowering therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Linjian Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhaokai Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wei Ni
- Department of Cardiology, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wanchun Mei
- Department of Cardiology, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Guoqiang Ruan
- Department of Cardiology, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zaixing Shi
- Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment of Fujian Province, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Cuilian Dai
- Department of Cardiology, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- *Correspondence: Cuilian Dai,
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Zheng Q, Wu Q, Yang H, Chen Q, Li X, Guo J. A κ-OR Agonist Protects the Endothelial Function Impaired by Hyperuricemia Through Regulating the Akt/eNOS Signal Pathway. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2022; 14:751-759. [PMID: 35536506 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-09945-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the effects of κ-OR agonist on hyperuricemia rats and injured endothelial function, as well as the underlying mechanism. A hyperuricemia model was established on rats. The endothelial protective effects of U50,488H were evaluated and compared to the controlled groups. The protein levels of eNOS, p-eNOS, Akt, and p-Akt were determined using western blot analysis. ELISA was employed to measure the expression of soluble ET-1, ICAM-1, TNF-α, and NO in cell supernatants and rat serum samples. Cell migration and the artery tension were determined by in vitro functional assays. The suppressed production of ET-1, ICAM-1, and NO in the hyperuricemia rats was promoted by the treatment of U50,488H, which was reversed by the co-administration of nor-BNI. P-eNOS/eNOS and p-Akt/Akt were up-regulated by the incubation of serum from hyperuricemia rats, which was down-regulated by the introduction of U50,488H. The vascular tension of vessels incubated with U50,488H was higher than the baseline in the presence of ACh, which was lower than baseline in the presence of SNAP. U50,488H significantly promoted the release of ET-1, ICAM-1, and NO, and inhibited the release of TNF-α from endothelial cells and the migration ability of neutrophils in the presence of hyperuricemia rat serum, which were reversed by the co-incubation with nor-BNI, Akt inhibitor or L-NAME. U50,488H protected the endothelial function impaired by hyperuricemia through regulating the Akt/eNOS signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zheng
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Sichuan, China.
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiuhong Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingyi Guo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Sichuan, Chengdu, China
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Zhu X, Yang C, Zhang L, Li J. Identification of novel dual inhibitors targeting XOR and URAT1 via multiple virtual screening methods. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Murros KE. Hydrogen Sulfide Produced by Gut Bacteria May Induce Parkinson's Disease. Cells 2022; 11:978. [PMID: 35326429 PMCID: PMC8946538 DOI: 10.3390/cells11060978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Several bacterial species can generate hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Study evidence favors the view that the microbiome of the colon harbors increased amounts of H2S producing bacteria in Parkinson's disease. Additionally, H2S can easily penetrate cell membranes and enter the cell interior. In the cells, excessive amounts of H2S can potentially release cytochrome c protein from the mitochondria, increase the iron content of the cytosolic iron pool, and increase the amount of reactive oxygen species. These events can lead to the formation of alpha-synuclein oligomers and fibrils in cells containing the alpha-synuclein protein. In addition, bacterially produced H2S can interfere with the body urate metabolism and affect the blood erythrocytes and lymphocytes. Gut bacteria responsible for increased H2S production, especially the mucus-associated species of the bacterial genera belonging to the Desulfovibrionaceae and Enterobacteriaceae families, are likely play a role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Special attention should be devoted to changes not only in the colonic but also in the duodenal microbiome composition with regard to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Influenza infections may increase the risk of Parkinson's disease by causing the overgrowth of H2S-producing bacteria both in the colon and duodenum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari Erik Murros
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland (UEF), 70211 Kuopio, Finland
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Bao R, Chen Q, Li Z, Wang D, Wu Y, Liu M, Zhang Y, Wang T. Eurycomanol alleviates hyperuricemia by promoting uric acid excretion and reducing purine synthesis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 96:153850. [PMID: 34785103 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An elevated level of blood uric acid (UA) leads to serious damages to human health. In clinic, xanthine oxidase inhibitor is commonly used to reduce uric acid production. However, UA excretion promotion drug is rare. Our previous study demonstrated that the 70% ethanolic extract of stem of Eurycoma longifolia could effectively increase UA excretion and decrease blood level of UA in hyperuricemia animal model. In this paper, we tried to find active substance on UA regulation from E. longifolia. METHODS The constituents of stem from E. longifolia were isolated and analyzed by chemical and spectral methods. Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography was applied to measure the concentrations of UA in serum and urine. H&E staining was used to characterize renal histopathological changes. The protein and mRNA expressions of UA transporters were measured by western blot and quantitative real-time PCR analysis. RESULTS Ten kinds of quassinoids were isolated from stem of E. longifolia, and the structures were identified. Pharmacological research revealed the major component, eurycomanol (5-20 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly decreased serum UA level and increased 24 h clearance of uric acid in potassium oxonate and adenine induced hyperuricemic mice. Eurycomanol ameliorated UA induced kidney histological injury, inhibited hepatic purine synthesis through decreasing phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase, promoted UA excretion by modulation of renal and intestinal urate transporters, such as GLUT9, ABCG2, OAT1, and NPT1. CONCLUSION The results showed eurycomanol from E. longifolia can promote UA excretion through kidney and intestine, decrease hepatic purine synthesis and further keep UA homeostasis, suggesting that eurycomanol has the potential to be developed into a novel drug for the treatment of under-excretion type hyperuricemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixia Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yuzheng Wu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Mengyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China.
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Toyoda Y, Takada T, Saito H, Hirata H, Ota-Kontani A, Tsuchiya Y, Suzuki H. Identification of Inhibitory Activities of Dietary Flavonoids against URAT1, a Renal Urate Re-Absorber: In Vitro Screening and Fractional Approach Focused on Rooibos Leaves. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030575. [PMID: 35276934 PMCID: PMC8839210 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperuricemia, a lifestyle-related disease characterized by elevated serum urate levels, is the main risk factor for gout; therefore, the serum urate-lowering effects of human diets or dietary ingredients have attracted widespread interest. As Urate transporter 1 (URAT1) governs most urate reabsorption from primary urine into blood, URAT1 inhibition helps decrease serum urate levels by increasing the net renal urate excretion. In this study, we used a cell-based urate transport assay to investigate the URAT1-inhibitory effects of 162 extracts of plant materials consumed by humans. Among these, we focused on Aspalathus linearis, the source of rooibos tea, to explore its active ingredients. Using liquid–liquid extraction with subsequent column chromatography, as well as spectrometric analyses for chemical characterization, we identified quercetin as a URAT1 inhibitor. We also investigated the URAT1-inhibitory activities of 23 dietary ingredients including nine flavanols, two flavanonols, two flavones, two isoflavonoids, eight chalcones, and a coumarin. Among the tested authentic chemicals, fisetin and quercetin showed the strongest and second-strongest URAT1-inhibitory activities, with IC50 values of 7.5 and 12.6 μM, respectively. Although these effects of phytochemicals should be investigated further in human studies, our findings may provide new clues for using nutraceuticals to promote health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Toyoda
- Department of Pharmacy, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; (Y.T.); (H.S.); (H.S.)
| | - Tappei Takada
- Department of Pharmacy, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; (Y.T.); (H.S.); (H.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-3815-5411 (ext. 37514)
| | - Hiroki Saito
- Department of Pharmacy, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; (Y.T.); (H.S.); (H.S.)
- Frontier Laboratories for Value Creation, Sapporo Holdings Ltd., 10 Okatome, Yaizu, Shizuoka 425-0013, Japan; (H.H.); (A.O.-K.); (Y.T.)
| | - Hiroshi Hirata
- Frontier Laboratories for Value Creation, Sapporo Holdings Ltd., 10 Okatome, Yaizu, Shizuoka 425-0013, Japan; (H.H.); (A.O.-K.); (Y.T.)
| | - Ami Ota-Kontani
- Frontier Laboratories for Value Creation, Sapporo Holdings Ltd., 10 Okatome, Yaizu, Shizuoka 425-0013, Japan; (H.H.); (A.O.-K.); (Y.T.)
| | - Youichi Tsuchiya
- Frontier Laboratories for Value Creation, Sapporo Holdings Ltd., 10 Okatome, Yaizu, Shizuoka 425-0013, Japan; (H.H.); (A.O.-K.); (Y.T.)
| | - Hiroshi Suzuki
- Department of Pharmacy, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; (Y.T.); (H.S.); (H.S.)
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Han Y, Han K, Han X, Yin Y, Di H, Wu J, Zhang Y, Zeng X. Serum Uric Acid Might Be Positively Associated With Hypertension in Chinese Adults: An Analysis of the China Health and Nutrition Survey. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:755509. [PMID: 35071258 PMCID: PMC8766717 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.755509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Previous studies have clarified the relationship between serum uric acid (SUA) and hypertension; most of previous studies suggest that elevated uric acid levels are associated with an increased risk of hypertension, while in China, there are relatively few studies to explore above association. The objective of this longitudinal study is to investigate the correlation of SUA and hypertension in Chinese adults with a nationwide large-scale sample. Methods: Data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey 2009, 2011, and 2016 were used; a total of 8,469 participants (3,973 men and 4,496 women) were involved. This study was conducted separately by gender. Clinical characteristics of the participants among different uric acid groups are compared. The binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the association between SUA and hypertension. Restricted cubic spline analysis with three knots of the SUA concentration were used to characterize the dose-response relationship. Additionally, we compared the incidence of hypertension in the different baseline uric acid groups during follow-up in 2011 and 2015. Results: After the covariates were fully adjusted, we found that elevated uric acid levels were correlated with increased risk of hypertension in both males (p < 0.01) and females (p < 0.01). With 2-year or 6-year of follow-up, we found participants with higher baseline uric acid levels had a higher incidence of hypertension (p < 0.01). In stratified analysis by obesity, above relationship remained significant in nonobesity population (males: p < 0.05, females: p < 0.01) and became nonsignificant in obesity people. In stratified analysis by age, above positively correlation remained significant in middle-aged men (p < 0.05) and elderly women (p < 0.01). Restricted cubic spline revealed the dose-response relationship between SUA and hypertension; we also found that above relationship was much stronger in females. Conclusion: This study suggests that elevated SUA levels might be positively associated with an increased risk of hypertension in general Chinese adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingdong Han
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Primary Care and Family Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kaidi Han
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Xinxin Han
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Primary Care and Family Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Yin
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Primary Care and Family Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Di
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Primary Care and Family Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Wu
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Primary Care and Family Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Primary Care and Family Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuejun Zeng
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Primary Care and Family Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Widawski L, Fabacher T, Spielmann L, Gottenberg JE, Sibilia J, Duret PM, Messer L, Felten R. Psoriatic arthritis with hyperuricemia: more peripheral, destructive, and challenging to treat. Clin Rheumatol 2022; 41:1421-1429. [PMID: 35059880 PMCID: PMC9056476 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-022-06061-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Objective To study the impact of hyperuricemia on clinical presentation, severity, and associated comorbidities of psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Methods Retrospective bicentric case–control study performed in Strasbourg and Colmar, France, from 2009 to 2019. Patients with PsA (according to ICD-10 coding) and at least one available serum urate (SU) measurement were included. Demographic, comorbidities, clinical, and radiographic data were collected. Hyperuricemia was defined as SU level ≥ 360 µmol/L. Results We included 242 patients: 73 (30.2%) had hyperuricemia and 15 (6.2%) met 2015 ACR/EULAR criteria for gout. On univariate analysis, as compared with normo-uricemic patients, hyperuricemic patients were more frequently male (72.6% vs 39.1%, p = 1.6 × 10−6) with higher body mass index (30.9 vs 28.7 kg/m2, p = 0.015) and more comorbidities (Charlson comorbidity index: 2.6 vs 1.8, p = 0.005). PsA started at an older age (47.5 vs 43 years, p = 0.016) was more polyarticular (56.2% vs 41.9%, p = 0.049) than axial (9.6% vs 22.8%, p = 0.019) and more destructive (52.8% vs 37.4%, p = 0.032). PsA patients with joint destruction more frequently had hyperuricemia than did others (37.6% vs 25.8%, p = 0.047). Multivariable analysis confirmed the association of hyperuricemic PsA with peripheral joint involvement (odds ratio 2.98; 95% confidence interval 1.15–7.75; p = 0.025) and less good response to treatment (0.35; 0.15–0.87; p = 0.024). Conclusion Patients with hyperuricemic PsA show poorer response to PsA treatment and have more peripheral and destructive joint damage than normo-uricemic patients.
Key Points • Gout and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) can co-exist in the same patient. • Monosodium urate crystals might have a deleterious impact on PsA. • Hyperuricemic PsA is more polyarticular, less frequently axial, and more destructive than normo-uricemic PsA. • PsA with hyperuricemia should lead to more personalized medicine. |
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Affiliation(s)
- L Widawski
- Rheumatology Department, Colmar Civil Hospital, 39 Avenue de la Liberté, 68024, Colmar Cedex, France
| | - T Fabacher
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, 1 Place de l'Hôpital, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - L Spielmann
- Rheumatology Department, Colmar Civil Hospital, 39 Avenue de la Liberté, 68024, Colmar Cedex, France
| | - J E Gottenberg
- Rheumatology Department, Centre National de Référence des Maladies Auto-immunes Systémiques Rares RESO, Strasbourg University Hospital, 1 Avenue Molière, 67098, Strasbourg, France
| | - J Sibilia
- Rheumatology Department, Centre National de Référence des Maladies Auto-immunes Systémiques Rares RESO, Strasbourg University Hospital, 1 Avenue Molière, 67098, Strasbourg, France
| | - P M Duret
- Rheumatology Department, Colmar Civil Hospital, 39 Avenue de la Liberté, 68024, Colmar Cedex, France
| | - L Messer
- Rheumatology Department, Colmar Civil Hospital, 39 Avenue de la Liberté, 68024, Colmar Cedex, France
- UMR 7367, MISHA, Allée du Général Rouvillois, Dynamiques Européennes, 67083, Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - R Felten
- Rheumatology Department, Centre National de Référence des Maladies Auto-immunes Systémiques Rares RESO, Strasbourg University Hospital, 1 Avenue Molière, 67098, Strasbourg, France.
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Zheng Y, Zhang H, Liu M, Li G, Ma S, Zhang Z, Lin H, Zhan Y, Chen Z, Zhong D, Miao L, Diao X. Pharmacokinetics, Mass Balance, and Metabolism of the Novel URAT1 Inhibitor [14C]HR011303 in Humans: Metabolism is Mediated Predominantly by UDP-glucuronosyltransferase. Drug Metab Dispos 2021; 50:798-808. [PMID: 34862252 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.121.000581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
HR011303, a promising selective URAT1 inhibitor, is currently being studied in a phase Ⅲ clinical trial in China for the treatment of hyperuricemia and gout. In the current study, the pharmacokinetics, mass balance, and metabolism of HR011303 were examined in six healthy Chinese male subjects who received a single oral dose of 10 mg of [14C]HR011303 (80 µCi). The results showed that HR011303 was rapidly absorbed with a median T max = 1.50 h post-dose, and the arithmetic mean t 1/2 of total radioactivity was approximately 24.2 h in plasma. The mean blood-to-plasma radioactivity concentration ratio was 0.66, suggesting the preferential distribution of drug-related components in plasma. At 216 h post-dose, the mean cumulative excreted radioactivity was 91.75% of the dose, including 81.50% in urine and 10.26% in feces. Six metabolites were identified, and the parent drug HR011303 was the most abundant component in plasma and feces, but a minor component in urine. Glucuronidation of the carboxylic acid moiety of HR011303 was the primary metabolic pathway in humans, amounting to 69.63% of the dose (M5, 51.57% of the dose; M5/2, 18.06% of the dose) in the urine; however, it was not detected in plasma. UGT2B7 was responsible for the formation of M5. Overall, after a single oral dose of 10 mg of [14C]HR011303 (80 µCi), HR011303 and its main metabolites were eliminated via renal excretion. The major metabolic pathway was carboxylic acid glucuronidation, which was catalyzed predominantly by UGT2B7. Significance Statement This study determined the absorption and disposition of HR011303, a selective URAT1 inhibitor currently in development for the treatment of hyperuricemia and gout. This work helps to characterize the major metabolic pathways of new URAT inhibitors and identify the absorption and clearance mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuandong Zheng
- DMPK, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, China
| | - Mengling Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Guangze Li
- Jiangsu Hengrui Medicine Co. Ltd., China
| | - Sheng Ma
- First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Jiangsu Hengrui Medicine Co. Ltd, China
| | | | - Yan Zhan
- Shanghai Center for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Zhendong Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Dafang Zhong
- Center for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinet, China
| | - Liyan Miao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow Universit, China
| | - Xingxing Diao
- DMPK, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
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Song D, Zhao X, Wang F, Wang G. A brief review of urate transporter 1 (URAT1) inhibitors for the treatment of hyperuricemia and gout: Current therapeutic options and potential applications. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 907:174291. [PMID: 34216576 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hyperuricemia is a common metabolic condition, cause by increased levels of serum urate (SUA). Reduced excretion of uric acid is reported as the key factor of primary hyperuricemia, accounting for approximately 90% of the cases. Urate transporter 1 (URAT1) is a major protein involved in uric acid reabsorption (about 90%). Therefore, URAT1 inhibitors are considered to be a highly effective and promising class of uricosuric agents for treating hyperuricemia. This review summarizes the development of URAT1 inhibitors for the treatment of hyperuricemia, including approved URAT1 inhibitors, URAT1 inhibitors under development in clinical trials, substances with URAT1 inhibitory effects from derivatives and natural products, and conventional drugs with new uses. This review provides new ideas regarding research on URAT1 inhibitors by introducing the structure, properties, and side effects of chemical drugs, as well as the sources and categories of natural drugs. We also discuss new mechanisms of classic drugs, which may provide guidance to many practicing clinicians. The research and discovery of new inhibitors remain in full swing, and tremendous developments are expected in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni Song
- School of Traditional Chinese Material Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Faculty of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Fuqi Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Material Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Zhuang Yao Medicine Center of Engineering and Technology, Guang Xi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
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Hyperuricemia and Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease: A Review from Physiology and Pathogenesis to the Role of Urate-Lowering Therapy. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11091674. [PMID: 34574015 PMCID: PMC8466342 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11091674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between hyperuricemia, gout, and renal disease has been investigated for several years. From the beginning, kidney disease has been considered a complication of gout; however, the viewpoints changed, claiming that hypertension and elevated uric acid (UA) levels are caused by decreased urate excretion in patients with renal impairment. To date, several examples of evidence support the role of hyperuricemia in cardiovascular or renal diseases. Several mechanisms have been identified that explain the relationship between hyperuricemia and chronic kidney disease, including the crystal effect, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activation, nitric oxide synthesis inhibition, and intracellular oxidative stress stimulation, and urate-lowering therapy (ULT) has been proven to reduce renal disease progression in the past few years. In this comprehensive review, the source and physiology of UA are introduced, and the mechanisms that explain the reciprocal relationship between hyperuricemia and kidney disease are reviewed. Lastly, current evidence supporting the use of ULT to postpone renal disease progression in patients with hyperuricemia and gout are summarized.
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Li D, Wang L, Ou J, Wang C, Zhou J, Lu L, Wu Y, Gao J. Reactive oxygen species induced by uric acid promote NRK‑52E cell apoptosis through the NEK7‑NLRP3 signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:729. [PMID: 34414459 PMCID: PMC8383041 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing uric acid (UA) could induce renal tubular epithelial cell (NRK-52E) injury. However, the specific mechanism by which UA induces renal tubular epithelial cell injury remains unknown. It was hypothesized that UA induces renal tubular epithelial cell injury through reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the Never in mitosis gene A (NIMA)-related kinase 7 (NEK7)/NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) signaling pathway. TUNEL assay and flow cytometry were applied to measure apoptosis, and the results of the present study showed that UA treatment induced apoptosis of NRK-52E cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Western blotting was performed to determine the expression levels of cleaved caspase-3, Bax and Bcl-xl, it was found that levels were significantly increased after UA treatment in NRK-52E cells. ROS and apoptosis were predominantly induced in NRK-52E cells and there was an association between ROS and apoptosis. Enhanced expression of NEK7, NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like and caspase-1 were observed in NRK-52E cells treated with UA. The ROS inhibitor, N-acetyl-l-cysteine, exerted a protective effect on the UA-induced apoptosis of tubular epithelial cells by reducing excess ROS production, which significantly inhibited NEK7 and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. These results indicated that UA activates ROS and induces apoptosis of NRK-52E cells. The mechanism might be related to the regulation of the NEK7/NLRP3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, TCM Institute of Kidney Disease, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Luobing Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, TCM Institute of Kidney Disease, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Jiaoying Ou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shanghai TCM‑Integrated Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200082, P.R. China
| | - Chuanxu Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, TCM Institute of Kidney Disease, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Jiabao Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, TCM Institute of Kidney Disease, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Lili Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, TCM Institute of Kidney Disease, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Yanshneg Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, TCM Institute of Kidney Disease, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Jiandong Gao
- Department of Nephrology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, TCM Institute of Kidney Disease, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
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Zhang Y, Zhang H, Rong S, Bian C, Yang Y, Pan H. NMR spectroscopy based metabolomics confirms the aggravation of metabolic disorder in metabolic syndrome combined with hyperuricemia. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:2449-2457. [PMID: 34154888 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hyperuricemia (HUA) were associated with Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components. However, the molecular mechanism of uric acid in the development of MetS was not well elucidated. The aim of this study was developing a systemic metabolic profile by using metabolomics approach to explore the molecular mechanism of uric acid in the development of MetS. METHODS AND RESULTS Anthropometric, clinical biochemical data, and serum samples were collected from patients with MetS, MetS combined with HUA (MetS & HUA) and healthy controls. 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to detect endogenous small molecule metabolites of serum samples, then multivariate statistical analysis was applied to distinguish samples of different groups. In addition, pathway analysis was performed to contribute to understanding the metabolic change. By serum metabolic profiling, a total of 20 identified metabolites including lipids, amino acids, and organic acids were significantly altered in MetS and MetS & HUA patients. MetS & HUA patients presented a more severe disorder in both identified metabolites and BMI and biochemical indexes. According to pathway analysis, there were 3 and 5 metabolic pathways remarkably perturbed in MetS and MetS & HUA group respectively. CONCLUSION Taken together, we identified disordered metabolites and related pathways for both MetS and MetS & HUA patients, and found a more severe metabolic disorder in MetS patients who has a higher serum uric acid. Our study provides biochemical insights into the metabolic alteration for the progress of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannan Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China; Ningxia Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Huanzhen Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tai'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tai'an, 271000, China
| | - Shengzhong Rong
- Public Health School, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang, 157011, China
| | - Cailing Bian
- Tai'an City Central Hospital, Tai'an, 271000, China
| | - Yuexin Yang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Hongzhi Pan
- Collaborative Research Center, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Pudong, Shanghai, 201318, China.
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Abstract
Background Hyperuricemia is a state in which the serum levels of uric acid are elevated. As such it has a pronounced effect on vascular and renal function with their consequences, while also showing some antioxidant effects that show to be beneficial. Summary Hyperuricemia has shown to have a J-shaped relationship with mortality, is frequently associated with development and progression of heart and kidney disease, and is correlated with malnutrition-inflammation-atherosclerosis syndrome, although several Mendelian studies have failed to show an association with morbidity and mortality. Hyperuricemia is usually associated with gout flares and tophi development but can also present as asymptomatic hyperuricemia. It is still uncertain whether asymptomatic hyperuricemia is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular or renal disease and as such its treatment is questionable. Key messages Some possible tools for future decision making are the use of noninvasive techniques such as pulse wave analysis, urinary sediment analysis, and joint ultrasound, which could help identify individuals with asymptomatic hyperuricemia that could benefit from urate lowering therapy most.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadej Petreski
- Department of Nephrology, Clinic for Internal Medicine, University Medical Centre Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Robert Ekart
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia.,Department of Dialysis, Clinic for Internal Medicine, University Medical Centre Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Radovan Hojs
- Department of Nephrology, Clinic for Internal Medicine, University Medical Centre Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Sebastjan Bevc
- Department of Nephrology, Clinic for Internal Medicine, University Medical Centre Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
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Sun HL, Wu YW, Bian HG, Yang H, Wang H, Meng XM, Jin J. Function of Uric Acid Transporters and Their Inhibitors in Hyperuricaemia. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:667753. [PMID: 34335246 PMCID: PMC8317579 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.667753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Disorders of uric acid metabolism may be associated with pathological processes in many diseases, including diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and kidney disease. These diseases can further promote uric acid accumulation in the body, leading to a vicious cycle. Preliminary studies have proven many mechanisms such as oxidative stress, lipid metabolism disorders, and rennin angiotensin axis involving in the progression of hyperuricaemia-related diseases. However, there is still lack of effective clinical treatment for hyperuricaemia. According to previous research results, NPT1, NPT4, OAT1, OAT2, OAT3, OAT4, URAT1, GLUT9, ABCG2, PDZK1, these urate transports are closely related to serum uric acid level. Targeting at urate transporters and urate-lowering drugs can enhance our understanding of hyperuricaemia and hyperuricaemia-related diseases. This review may put forward essential references or cross references to be contributed to further elucidate traditional and novel urate-lowering drugs benefits as well as provides theoretical support for the scientific research on hyperuricemia and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Lu Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yi-Wan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - He-Ge Bian
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Heng Wang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Meng
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Juan Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Li Y, Zhao Z, Luo J, Jiang Y, Li L, Chen Y, Zhang L, Huang Q, Cao Y, Zhou P, Wu T, Pang J. Apigenin ameliorates hyperuricemic nephropathy by inhibiting URAT1 and GLUT9 and relieving renal fibrosis via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 87:153585. [PMID: 34044255 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperuricemia (HUA) is characterized by abnormal serum uric acid (UA) levels and demonstrated to be involved in renal injury leading to hyperuricemic nephropathy (HN). Apigenin (API), a flavonoid naturally present in tea, berries, fruits, and vegetables, exhibits various biological functions, such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. PURPOSE To investigate the effect of API treatment in HN and to reveal its underlying mechanisms. METHODS The mice with HN were induced by potassium oxonate intraperitoneally and orally administered for two weeks. The effects of API on renal function, inflammation, fibrosis, and uric acid (UA) metabolism in mice with HN were evaluated. The effects of API on urate transporters were further examined in vitro. RESULTS The mice with HN exhibited abnormal renal urate excretion and renal dysfunction accompanied by increased renal inflammation and fibrosis. In contrast, API reduced the levels of serum UA, serum creatinine (CRE), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and renal inflammatory factors in mice with HN. Besides, API ameliorated the renal fibrosis via Wnt/β-catenin pathway suppression. Furthermore, API potently promoted urinary UA excretion and inhibited renal urate transporter 1 (URAT1) and glucose transporter 9 (GLUT9) in mice with HN. In vitro, API competitively inhibited URAT1 and GLUT9 in a dose-dependent manner, with IC50 values of 0.64 ± 0.14 μM and 2.63 ± 0.69 μM, respectively. CONCLUSIONS API could effectively attenuate HN through co-inhibiting UA reabsorption and Wnt/β-catenin pathway, and thus it might be a potential therapy to HN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongmei Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Zean Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Jian Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Yanqing Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Lu Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Yanyu Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Leqi Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Qinghua Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Ying Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Pingzheng Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Jianxin Pang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China.
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