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Fordjour E, Liu CL, Yang Y, Bai Z. Recent advances in lycopene and germacrene a biosynthesis and their role as antineoplastic drugs. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:254. [PMID: 38916754 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-04057-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Sesquiterpenes and tetraterpenes are classes of plant-derived natural products with antineoplastic effects. While plant extraction of the sesquiterpene, germacrene A, and the tetraterpene, lycopene suffers supply chain deficits and poor yields, chemical synthesis has difficulties in separating stereoisomers. This review highlights cutting-edge developments in producing germacrene A and lycopene from microbial cell factories. We then summarize the antineoplastic properties of β-elemene (a thermal product from germacrene A), sesquiterpene lactones (metabolic products from germacrene A), and lycopene. We also elaborate on strategies to optimize microbial-based germacrene A and lycopene production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Fordjour
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation, and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu , 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Centre for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Chun-Li Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation, and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu , 214122, China.
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Centre for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| | - Yankun Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation, and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu , 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Centre for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Zhonghu Bai
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation, and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu , 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Centre for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
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2
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Gao Y, Zhong Z, Zhang D, Zhang J, Li YX. Exploring the roles of ribosomal peptides in prokaryote-phage interactions through deep learning-enabled metagenome mining. MICROBIOME 2024; 12:94. [PMID: 38790030 PMCID: PMC11118758 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-024-01807-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbial secondary metabolites play a crucial role in the intricate interactions within the natural environment. Among these metabolites, ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs) are becoming a promising source of therapeutic agents due to their structural diversity and functional versatility. However, their biosynthetic capacity and ecological functions remain largely underexplored. RESULTS Here, we aim to explore the biosynthetic profile of RiPPs and their potential roles in the interactions between microbes and viruses in the ocean, which encompasses a vast diversity of unique biomes that are rich in interactions and remains chemically underexplored. We first developed TrRiPP to identify RiPPs from ocean metagenomes, a deep learning method that detects RiPP precursors in a hallmark gene-independent manner to overcome the limitations of classic methods in processing highly fragmented metagenomic data. Applying this method to metagenomes from the global ocean microbiome, we uncover a diverse array of previously uncharacterized putative RiPP families with great novelty and diversity. Through correlation analysis based on metatranscriptomic data, we observed a high prevalence of antiphage defense-related and phage-related protein families that were co-expressed with RiPP families. Based on this putative association between RiPPs and phage infection, we constructed an Ocean Virus Database (OVD) and established a RiPP-involving host-phage interaction network through host prediction and co-expression analysis, revealing complex connectivities linking RiPP-encoding prokaryotes, RiPP families, viral protein families, and phages. These findings highlight the potential of RiPP families involved in prokaryote-phage interactions and coevolution, providing insights into their ecological functions in the ocean microbiome. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a systematic investigation of the biosynthetic potential of RiPPs from the ocean microbiome at a global scale, shedding light on the essential insights into the ecological functions of RiPPs in prokaryote-phage interactions through the integration of deep learning approaches, metatranscriptomic data, and host-phage connectivity. This study serves as a valuable example of exploring the ecological functions of bacterial secondary metabolites, particularly their associations with unexplored microbial interactions. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Gao
- CYM305, Department of Chemistry and The Swire Institute of Marine Science, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, 999077, China
| | - Zheng Zhong
- CYM305, Department of Chemistry and The Swire Institute of Marine Science, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, 999077, China
| | - Dengwei Zhang
- CYM305, Department of Chemistry and The Swire Institute of Marine Science, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, 999077, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- CYM305, Department of Chemistry and The Swire Institute of Marine Science, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, 999077, China
| | - Yong-Xin Li
- CYM305, Department of Chemistry and The Swire Institute of Marine Science, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, 999077, China.
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Ariaeenejad S, Gharechahi J, Foroozandeh Shahraki M, Fallah Atanaki F, Han JL, Ding XZ, Hildebrand F, Bahram M, Kavousi K, Hosseini Salekdeh G. Precision enzyme discovery through targeted mining of metagenomic data. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2024; 14:7. [PMID: 38200389 PMCID: PMC10781932 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-023-00426-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Metagenomics has opened new avenues for exploring the genetic potential of uncultured microorganisms, which may serve as promising sources of enzymes and natural products for industrial applications. Identifying enzymes with improved catalytic properties from the vast amount of available metagenomic data poses a significant challenge that demands the development of novel computational and functional screening tools. The catalytic properties of all enzymes are primarily dictated by their structures, which are predominantly determined by their amino acid sequences. However, this aspect has not been fully considered in the enzyme bioprospecting processes. With the accumulating number of available enzyme sequences and the increasing demand for discovering novel biocatalysts, structural and functional modeling can be employed to identify potential enzymes with novel catalytic properties. Recent efforts to discover new polysaccharide-degrading enzymes from rumen metagenome data using homology-based searches and machine learning-based models have shown significant promise. Here, we will explore various computational approaches that can be employed to screen and shortlist metagenome-derived enzymes as potential biocatalyst candidates, in conjunction with the wet lab analytical methods traditionally used for enzyme characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohreh Ariaeenejad
- Department of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Javad Gharechahi
- Human Genetics Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Foroozandeh Shahraki
- Laboratory of Complex Biological Systems and Bioinformatics (CBB), Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Fallah Atanaki
- Laboratory of Complex Biological Systems and Bioinformatics (CBB), Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jian-Lin Han
- Livestock Genetics Program, International Livestock Research, Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, 00100, Kenya
- CAAS-ILRI Joint Laboratory On Livestock and Forage Genetic Resources, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xue-Zhi Ding
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Falk Hildebrand
- Gut Microbes and Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, Norfolk, UK
- Digital Biology, Earlham Institute, Norwich, Norfolk, UK
| | - Mohammad Bahram
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Ulls Väg 16, 756 51, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 40 Lai St, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kaveh Kavousi
- Laboratory of Complex Biological Systems and Bioinformatics (CBB), Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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Xu H, Xu D, Liu Y. Molecular Biology Applications of Psychrophilic Enzymes: Adaptations, Advantages, Expression, and Prospective. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12010-023-04810-5. [PMID: 38183603 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04810-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Psychrophilic enzymes are primarily produced by microorganisms from extremely low-temperature environments which are known as psychrophiles. Their high efficiency at low temperatures and easy heat inactivation property have attracted extensive attention from various food and industrial bioprocesses. However, the application of these enzymes in molecular biology is still limited. In a previous review, the applications of psychrophilic enzymes in industries such as the detergent additives, the food additives, the bioremediation, and the pharmaceutical medicine, and cosmetics have been discussed. In this review, we discuss the main cold adaptation characteristics of psychrophiles and psychrophilic enzymes, as well as the relevant information on different psychrophilic enzymes in molecular biology. We summarize the mining and screening methods of psychrophilic enzymes. We finally recap the expression of psychrophilic enzymes. We aim to provide a reference process for the exploration and expression of new generation of psychrophilic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Xu
- Center for Pan-Third Pole Environment, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Dawei Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
| | - Yongqin Liu
- Center for Pan-Third Pole Environment, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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5
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Yang W, Su Y, Wang R, Zhang H, Jing H, Meng J, Zhang G, Huang L, Guo L, Wang J, Gao W. Microbial production and applications of β-glucosidase-A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 256:127915. [PMID: 37939774 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
β-Glucosidase exists in all areas of living organisms, and microbial β-glucosidase has become the main source of its production because of its unique physicochemical properties and the advantages of high-yield production by fermentation. With the rise of the green circular economy, the production of enzymes through the fermentation of waste as the substrate has become a popular trend. Lignocellulosic biomass is an easily accessible and sustainable feedstock that exists in nature, and the production of biofuels from lignocellulosic biomass requires the involvement of β-glucosidase. This review proposes ways to improve β-glucosidase yield and catalytic efficiency. Optimization of growth conditions and purification strategies of enzymes can increase enzyme yield, and enzyme immobilization, genetic engineering, protein engineering, and whole-cell catalysis provide solutions to enhance the catalytic efficiency and activity of β-glucosidase. Besides, the diversified industrial applications, challenges and prospects of β-glucosidase are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yaowu Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Rubing Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Huanyu Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Hongyan Jing
- Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Jie Meng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Guoqi Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Luqi Huang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Meteria Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Lanping Guo
- National Resource Center for Chinese Meteria Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs.
| | - Juan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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Motahar SFS, Tiyoula FN, Motamedi E, Zeinalabedini M, Kavousi K, Ariaeenejad S. Computational Insights into the Selecting Mechanism of α-Amylase Immobilized on Cellulose Nanocrystals: Unveiling the Potential of α-Amylases Immobilized for Efficient Poultry Feed Hydrolysis. Bioconjug Chem 2023; 34:2034-2048. [PMID: 37823388 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The selection of an appropriate amylase for hydrolysis poultry feed is crucial for achieving improved digestibility and high-quality feed. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), which are known for their high surface area, provide an excellent platform for enzyme immobilization. Immobilization greatly enhances the operational stability of α-amylases and the efficiency of starch bioconversion in poultry feeds. In this study, we immobilized two metagenome-derived α-amylases, PersiAmy2 and PersiAmy3, on CNCs and employed computational methods to characterize and compare the degradation efficiencies of these enzymes for poultry feed hydrolysis. Experimental in vitro bioconversion assessments were performed to validate the computational outcomes. Molecular docking studies revealed the superior hydrolysis performance of PersiAmy3, which displayed stronger electrostatic interactions with CNCs. Experimental characterization demonstrated the improved performance of both α-amylases after immobilization at high temperatures (80 °C). A similar trend was observed under alkaline conditions, with α-amylase activity reaching 88% within a pH range of 8.0 to 9.0. Both immobilized α-amylases exhibited halotolerance at NaCl concentrations up to 3 M and retained over 50% of their initial activity after 13 use cycles. Notably, PersiAmy3 displayed more remarkable improvements than PersiAmy2 following immobilization, including a significant increase in activity from 65 to 80.73% at 80 °C, an increase in activity to 156.48% at a high salinity of 3 M NaCl, and a longer half-life, indicating greater thermal stability within the range of 60 to 80 °C. These findings were substantiated by the in vitro hydrolysis of poultry feed, where PersiAmy3 generated 53.53 g/L reducing sugars. This comprehensive comparison underscores the utility of computational methods as a faster and more efficient approach for selecting optimal enzymes for poultry feed hydrolysis, thereby providing valuable insights into enhancing feed digestibility and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Fatemeh Sadeghian Motahar
- Department of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj 31535-1897, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Noroozi Tiyoula
- Laboratory of Complex Biological Systems and Bioinformatics (CBB), Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran 14176-14411, Iran
| | - Elaheh Motamedi
- Department of Nanotechnology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research Research and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj 55555, Iran
| | - Mehrshad Zeinalabedini
- Department of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj 31535-1897, Iran
| | - Kaveh Kavousi
- Laboratory of Complex Biological Systems and Bioinformatics (CBB), Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran 14176-14411, Iran
| | - Shohreh Ariaeenejad
- Department of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj 31535-1897, Iran
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Yamin D, Uskoković V, Wakil AM, Goni MD, Shamsuddin SH, Mustafa FH, Alfouzan WA, Alissa M, Alshengeti A, Almaghrabi RH, Fares MAA, Garout M, Al Kaabi NA, Alshehri AA, Ali HM, Rabaan AA, Aldubisi FA, Yean CY, Yusof NY. Current and Future Technologies for the Detection of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3246. [PMID: 37892067 PMCID: PMC10606640 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13203246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a global public health concern, posing a significant threat to the effectiveness of antibiotics in treating bacterial infections. The accurate and timely detection of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is crucial for implementing appropriate treatment strategies and preventing the spread of resistant strains. This manuscript provides an overview of the current and emerging technologies used for the detection of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. We discuss traditional culture-based methods, molecular techniques, and innovative approaches, highlighting their advantages, limitations, and potential future applications. By understanding the strengths and limitations of these technologies, researchers and healthcare professionals can make informed decisions in combating antibiotic resistance and improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Yamin
- Al-Karak Public Hospital, Karak 61210, Jordan;
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, University Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Malaysia Kelantan, Kota Bharu 16100, Kelantan, Malaysia;
| | - Vuk Uskoković
- TardigradeNano LLC., Irvine, CA 92604, USA;
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Abubakar Muhammad Wakil
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Malaysia Kelantan, Kota Bharu 16100, Kelantan, Malaysia;
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri 600104, Borno, Nigeria
| | - Mohammed Dauda Goni
- Public Health and Zoonoses Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Malaysia Kelantan, Pengkalan Chepa 16100, Kelantan, Malaysia;
| | - Shazana Hilda Shamsuddin
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia;
| | - Fatin Hamimi Mustafa
- Department of Electronic & Computer Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bharu 81310, Johor, Malaysia;
| | - Wadha A. Alfouzan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait;
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Laboratories, Farwania Hospital, Farwania 85000, Kuwait
| | - Mohammed Alissa
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Amer Alshengeti
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Al-Madinah 41491, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Prince Mohammad Bin Abdulaziz Hospital, National Guard Health Affairs, Al-Madinah 41491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rana H. Almaghrabi
- Pediatric Department, Prince Sultan Medical Military City, Riyadh 12233, Saudi Arabia;
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mona A. Al Fares
- Department of Internal Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammed Garout
- Department of Community Medicine and Health Care for Pilgrims, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Nawal A. Al Kaabi
- College of Medicine and Health Science, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates;
- Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi Health Services Company (SEHA), Abu Dhabi 51900, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmad A. Alshehri
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hamza M. Ali
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Madinah 41411, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ali A. Rabaan
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia;
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran 31311, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Public Health and Nutrition, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22610, Pakistan
| | | | - Chan Yean Yean
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, University Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nik Yusnoraini Yusof
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, University Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Santos-Pereira C, Sousa J, Costa ÂMA, Santos AO, Rito T, Soares P, Franco-Duarte R, Silvério SC, Rodrigues LR. Functional and sequence-based metagenomics to uncover carbohydrate-degrading enzymes from composting samples. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s00253-023-12627-9. [PMID: 37417976 PMCID: PMC10390414 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12627-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
The renewable, abundant , and low-cost nature of lignocellulosic biomass can play an important role in the sustainable production of bioenergy and several added-value bioproducts, thus providing alternative solutions to counteract the global energetic and industrial demands. The efficient conversion of lignocellulosic biomass greatly relies on the catalytic activity of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes). Finding novel and robust biocatalysts, capable of being active under harsh industrial conditions, is thus imperative to achieve an economically feasible process. In this study, thermophilic compost samples from three Portuguese companies were collected, and their metagenomic DNA was extracted and sequenced through shotgun sequencing. A novel multi-step bioinformatic pipeline was developed to find CAZymes and characterize the taxonomic and functional profiles of the microbial communities, using both reads and metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) as input. The samples' microbiome was dominated by bacteria, where the classes Gammaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, and Balneolia stood out for their higher abundance, indicating that the degradation of compost biomass is mainly driven by bacterial enzymatic activity. Furthermore, the functional studies revealed that our samples are a rich reservoir of glycoside hydrolases (GH), particularly of GH5 and GH9 cellulases, and GH3 oligosaccharide-degrading enzymes. We further constructed metagenomic fosmid libraries with the compost DNA and demonstrated that a great number of clones exhibited β-glucosidase activity. The comparison of our samples with others from the literature showed that, independently of the composition and process conditions, composting is an excellent source of lignocellulose-degrading enzymes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comparative study on the CAZyme abundance and taxonomic/functional profiles of Portuguese compost samples. KEY POINTS: • Sequence- and function-based metagenomics were used to find CAZymes in compost samples. • Thermophilic composts proved to be rich in bacterial GH3, GH5, and GH9 enzymes. • Compost-derived fosmid libraries are enriched in clones with β-glucosidase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia Santos-Pereira
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade Do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS-Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Braga, Portugal
| | - Joana Sousa
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade Do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS-Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Braga, Portugal
| | - Ângela M A Costa
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade Do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS-Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Braga, Portugal
| | - Andréia O Santos
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade Do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS-Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Braga, Portugal
| | - Teresa Rito
- CBMA-Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- IB-S-Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Pedro Soares
- CBMA-Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- IB-S-Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Franco-Duarte
- CBMA-Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- IB-S-Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Sara C Silvério
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade Do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
- LABBELS-Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Braga, Portugal.
| | - Lígia R Rodrigues
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade Do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS-Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Braga, Portugal
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Gharechahi J, Vahidi MF, Sharifi G, Ariaeenejad S, Ding XZ, Han JL, Salekdeh GH. Lignocellulose degradation by rumen bacterial communities: New insights from metagenome analyses. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 229:115925. [PMID: 37086884 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Ruminant animals house a dense and diverse community of microorganisms in their rumen, an enlarged compartment in their stomach, which provides a supportive environment for the storage and microbial fermentation of ingested feeds dominated by plant materials. The rumen microbiota has acquired diverse and functionally overlapped enzymes for the degradation of plant cell wall polysaccharides. In rumen Bacteroidetes, enzymes involved in degradation are clustered into polysaccharide utilization loci to facilitate coordinated expression when target polysaccharides are available. Firmicutes use free enzymes and cellulosomes to degrade the polysaccharides. Fibrobacters either aggregate lignocellulose-degrading enzymes on their cell surface or release them into the extracellular medium in membrane vesicles, a mechanism that has proven extremely effective in the breakdown of recalcitrant cellulose. Based on current metagenomic analyses, rumen Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes are categorized as generalist microbes that can degrade a wide range of polysaccharides, while other members adapted toward specific polysaccharides. Particularly, there is ample evidence that Verrucomicrobia and Spirochaetes have evolved enzyme systems for the breakdown of complex polysaccharides such as xyloglucans, peptidoglycans, and pectin. It is concluded that diversity in degradation mechanisms is required to ensure that every component in feeds is efficiently degraded, which is key to harvesting maximum energy by host animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Gharechahi
- Human Genetics Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Farhad Vahidi
- Animal Science Research Department, Qom Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Qom, Iran
| | - Golandam Sharifi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Encyclopedia Research Center, Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shohreh Ariaeenejad
- Department of Systems Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education, And Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
| | - Xue-Zhi Ding
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Jian-Lin Han
- Livestock Genetics Program, International Livestock Research, Institute (ILRI), 00100, Nairobi, Kenya; CAAS-ILRI Joint Laboratory on Livestock and Forage Genetic Resources, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Ghasem Hosseini Salekdeh
- Department of Systems Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education, And Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran; School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia.
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10
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Ariaeenejad S, Kavousi K, Han JL, Ding XZ, Hosseini Salekdeh G. Efficiency of an alkaline, thermostable, detergent compatible, and organic solvent tolerant lipase with hydrolytic potential in biotreatment of wastewater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 866:161066. [PMID: 36565882 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Discharging the tannery wastewater into the environment is a serious challenge worldwide due to the release of severe recalcitrant pollutants such as oil compounds and organic materials. The biological treatment through enzymatic hydrolysis is a cheap and eco-friendly method for eliminating fatty substances from wastewater. In this context, lipases can be utilized for bio-treatment of wastewater in multifaceted industrial applications. To overcome the limitations in removing pollutants in the effluent, we aimed to identify a novel robust stable lipase (PersiLipase1) from metagenomic data of tannery wastewater for effective bio-degradation of the oily wastewater pollution. The lipase displayed remarkable thermostability and maintained over 81 % of its activity at 60 °C.After prolonged incubation for 35 days at 60°C, the PersiLipase1 still maintained 53.9 % of its activity. The enzyme also retained over 67 % of its activity in a wide range of pH (4.0 to 9.0). In addition, PersiLipase1 demonstrated considerable tolerance toward metal ions and organic solvents (e.g., retaining >70% activity after the addition of 100 mM of chemicals). Hydrolysis of olive oil and sheep fat by this enzyme showed 100 % efficiency. Furthermore, the PersiLipase1 proved to be efficient for biotreatment of oil and grease from tannery wastewater with the hydrolysis efficiency of 90.76 % ± 0.88. These results demonstrated that the metagenome-derived PersiLipase1 from tannery wastewater has a promising potential for the biodegradation and management of oily wastewater pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohreh Ariaeenejad
- Department of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
| | - Kaveh Kavousi
- Laboratory of Complex Biological Systems and Bioinformatics (CBB), Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jian-Lin Han
- Livestock Genetics Program, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), 00100 Nairobi, Kenya; CAAS-ILRI Joint Laboratory on Livestock and Forage Genetic Resources, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xue-Zhi Ding
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Lanzhou 730050, China
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11
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Sun S, Peng K, Sun S, Wang M, Shao Y, Li L, Xiang J, Sedjoah RCAA, Xin Z. Engineering Modular and Highly Sensitive Cell-Based Biosensors for Aromatic Contaminant Monitoring and High-Throughput Enzyme Screening. ACS Synth Biol 2023; 12:877-891. [PMID: 36821745 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.3c00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Although a variety of whole-cell-based biosensors have been developed for different applications in recent years, most cannot meet practical requirements due to insufficient sensing performance. Here, we constructed two sets of modular genetic circuits by serial and parallel modes capable of significantly amplifying the input/output signal in Escherichia coli. The biosensors are engineered using σ54-dependent phenol-responsive regulator DmpR as a sensor and enhanced green fluorescent protein as a reporter. Cells harboring serial and parallel genetic circuits displayed nearly 9- and 16-fold higher sensitivity than the general circuit. The genetic circuits enabled rapid detection of six phenolic contaminants in 12 h and showed the low limit of detection of 2.5 and 2.2 ppb for benzopyrene (BaP) and tetracycline (Tet), with a broad detection range of 0.01-1 and 0.005-5 μM, respectively. Furthermore, the positive rate was as high as 73% when the biosensor was applied to screen intracellular enzymes with ester-hydrolysis activity from soil metagenomic libraries using phenyl acetate as a phenolic substrate. Several novel enzymes were isolated, identified, and biochemically characterized, including serine peptidases and alkaline phosphatase family protein/metalloenzyme. Consequently, this study provides a new signal amplification method for cell-based biosensors that can be widely applied to environmental contaminant assessment and screening of intracellular enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengwei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Kailin Peng
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Sen Sun
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Mengxi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yuting Shao
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Longxiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Jiahui Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Rita-Cindy Aye-Ayire Sedjoah
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Zhihong Xin
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
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12
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Vuong P, Wise MJ, Whiteley AS, Kaur P. Ten simple rules for investigating (meta)genomic data from environmental ecosystems. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1010675. [PMID: 36480496 PMCID: PMC9731419 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paton Vuong
- UWA School of Agriculture & Environment, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Michael J. Wise
- School of Physics, Mathematics and Computing, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- The Marshall Centre of Infectious Diseases, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Andrew S. Whiteley
- Centre for Environment & Life Sciences, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Floreat, Australia
| | - Parwinder Kaur
- UWA School of Agriculture & Environment, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- * E-mail:
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13
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Kukkar D, Sharma PK, Kim KH. Recent advances in metagenomic analysis of different ecological niches for enhanced biodegradation of recalcitrant lignocellulosic biomass. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 215:114369. [PMID: 36165858 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulose wastes stemming from agricultural residues can offer an excellent opportunity as alternative energy solutions in addition to fossil fuels. Besides, the unrestrained burning of agricultural residues can lead to the destruction of the soil microflora and associated soil sterilization. However, the difficulties associated with the biodegradation of lignocellulose biomasses remain as a formidable challenge for their sustainable management. In this respect, metagenomics can be used as an effective option to resolve such dilemma because of its potential as the next generation sequencing technology and bioinformatics tools to harness novel microbial consortia from diverse environments (e.g., soil, alpine forests, and hypersaline/acidic/hot sulfur springs). In light of the challenges associated with the bulk-scale biodegradation of lignocellulose-rich agricultural residues, this review is organized to help delineate the fundamental aspects of metagenomics towards the assessment of the microbial consortia and novel molecules (such as biocatalysts) which are otherwise unidentifiable by conventional laboratory culturing techniques. The discussion is extended further to highlight the recent advancements (e.g., from 2011 to 2022) in metagenomic approaches for the isolation and purification of lignocellulolytic microbes from different ecosystems along with the technical challenges and prospects associated with their wide implementation and scale-up. This review should thus be one of the first comprehensive reports on the metagenomics-based analysis of different environmental samples for the isolation and purification of lignocellulose degrading enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kukkar
- Department of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali - 140413, Punjab, India; University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali - 140413, Punjab, India.
| | | | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seongdong-gu, Wangsimni-ro, Seoul - 04763, South Korea.
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14
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Singh AK, Kumari M, Sharma N, Rai AK, Singh SP. Metagenomic views on taxonomic and functional profiles of the Himalayan Tsomgo cold lake and unveiling its deterzome potential. Curr Genet 2022; 68:565-579. [PMID: 35927361 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-022-01247-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cold habitat is considered a potential source for detergent industry enzymes. This study aims at the metagenomic investigation of Tsomgo lake for taxonomic and functional annotation, unveiling the deterzome potential of the residing microbiota at this site. The present investigation revealed molecular profiling of microbial community structure and functional potential of the high-altitude Tsomgo lake samples of two different temperatures, harvested during March and August. Bacteria were found to be the most dominant phyla, with traces of genomic pieces of evidence belonging to archaea, viruses, and eukaryotes. Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were noted to be the most abundant bacterial phyla in the cold lake. In-depth metagenomic investigation of the cold aquatic habitat revealed novel genes encoding detergent enzymes, amylase, protease, and lipase. Further, metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) belonging to the psychrophilic bacterium, Arthrobacter alpinus, were constructed from the metagenomic data. The annotation depicted the presence of detergent enzymes and genes for low-temperature adaptation in Arthrobacter alpinus. Psychrophilic microbial isolates were screened for lipase, protease, and amylase activities to further strengthen the metagenomic findings. A novel strain of Acinetobacter sp. was identified with the dual enzymatic activity of protease and amylase. The bacterial isolates exhibited hydrolyzing activity at low temperatures. This metagenomic study divulged novel genomic resources for detergent industry enzymes, and the bacterial isolates secreting cold-active amylase, lipase, and protease enzymes. The findings manifest that Tsomgo lake is a potential bioresource of cold-active enzymes, vital for various industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Kumar Singh
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (DBT-CIAB), Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Mohali, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Megha Kumari
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (DBT-IBSD), Regional Centre, Tadong, Gangtok, Sikkim, India
| | - Nitish Sharma
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (DBT-CIAB), Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Mohali, India
| | - Amit Kumar Rai
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (DBT-IBSD), Regional Centre, Tadong, Gangtok, Sikkim, India.
| | - Sudhir P Singh
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (DBT-CIAB), Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Mohali, India.
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15
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Sartaj K, Patel A, Matsakas L, Prasad R. Unravelling Metagenomics Approach for Microbial Biofuel Production. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:1942. [PMID: 36360179 PMCID: PMC9689425 DOI: 10.3390/genes13111942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Renewable biofuels, such as biodiesel, bioethanol, and biobutanol, serve as long-term solutions to fossil fuel depletion. A sustainable approach feedstock for their production is plant biomass, which is degraded to sugars with the aid of microbes-derived enzymes, followed by microbial conversion of those sugars to biofuels. Considering their global demand, additional efforts have been made for their large-scale production, which is ultimately leading breakthrough research in biomass energy. Metagenomics is a powerful tool allowing for functional gene analysis and new enzyme discovery. Thus, the present article summarizes the revolutionary advances of metagenomics in the biofuel industry and enlightens the importance of unexplored habitats for novel gene or enzyme mining. Moreover, it also accentuates metagenomics potentials to explore uncultivable microbiomes as well as enzymes associated with them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Km Sartaj
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Alok Patel
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Leonidas Matsakas
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Ramasare Prasad
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
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16
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Lou D, Zhang X, Cao Y, Zhou Z, Liu C, Kuang G, Tan J, Zhu L. A novel NADP(H)-dependent 3α-HSDH from the intestinal microbiome of Ursus thibetanus. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 219:159-165. [PMID: 35934074 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
3α-HSDHs have a crucial role in the bioconversion of steroids, and have been widely applied in the detection of total bile acid (TBA). In this study, we report a novel NADP(H)-dependent 3α-HSDH (named Sc 3α-HSDH) cloned from the intestinal microbiome of Ursus thibetanus. Sc 3α-HSDH was solubly expressed in E. coli (BL21) as a recombinant glutathione-S-transferase (GST)-tagged protein and freed from its GST-fusion by cleavage using the PreScission protease. Sc 3α-HSDH is a new member of the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductase superfamily (SDRs) with a typical α/β folding pattern, based on protein three-dimensional models predicted by AlphaFold. The best activity of Sc 3α-HSDH occurred at pH 8.5 and the temperature optima was 55 °C, indicating that Sc 3α-HSDH is not an extremozyme. The catalytic efficiencies (kcat/Km) of Sc 3α-HSDH catalyzing the oxidation reaction with the substrates, glycochenodeoxycholic acid (GCDCA) and glycoursodeoxycholic acid (GUDCA), were 183.617 and 34.458 s-1 mM-1, respectively. In addition, multiple metal ions can enhance the activity of Sc 3α-HSDH when used at concentrations ranging from 2 % to 42 %. The results also suggest that the metagenomic approach is an efficient method for identifying novel enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deshuai Lou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China.
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China
| | - Yangyang Cao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China
| | - Zixin Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China
| | - Gang Kuang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China
| | - Jun Tan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China
| | - Liancai Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, PR China.
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17
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Hosseini H, Al-Jabri HM, Moheimani NR, Siddiqui SA, Saadaoui I. Marine microbial bioprospecting: Exploitation of marine biodiversity towards biotechnological applications-a review. J Basic Microbiol 2022; 62:1030-1043. [PMID: 35467037 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202100504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The increase in the human population causes an increase in the demand for nutritional supplies and energy resources. Thus, the novel, natural, and renewable resources became of great interest. Here comes the optimistic role of bioprospecting as a promising tool to isolate novel and interesting molecules and microorganisms from the marine environment as alternatives to the existing resources. Bioprospecting of marine metabolites and microorganisms with high biotechnological potentials has gained wide interest due to the variability and richness of the marine environment. Indeed, the existence of extreme conditions that increases the adaptability of marine organisms, especially planktons, allow the presence of interesting biological species that are able to produce novel compounds with multiple health benefits and high economical value. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of marine microbial bioprospecting as a growing field of interest. It emphasizes functional bioprospecting that facilitates the discovery of interesting metabolites. Marine bioprospecting was also discussed from a legal aspect for the first time, focusing on the shortcomings of international law. We also summarized the challenges facing bioprospecting in the marine environment including economic feasibility issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda Hosseini
- Algal Technologies Program, Centre for Sustainable Development, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hareb M Al-Jabri
- Algal Technologies Program, Centre for Sustainable Development, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Navid R Moheimani
- Algae R&D Centre, Harry Buttler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Simil A Siddiqui
- Algal Technologies Program, Centre for Sustainable Development, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Imen Saadaoui
- Algal Technologies Program, Centre for Sustainable Development, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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18
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Ahmed SF, Abdallah RZ, Siam R. Evaluation of a Thermophilic, Psychrostable, and Heavy Metal-Resistant Red Sea Brine Pool Esterase. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20050274. [PMID: 35621925 PMCID: PMC9144027 DOI: 10.3390/md20050274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipolytic enzymes catalyze the hydrolysis and synthesis of ester compounds. They are valuable in the pulp, food, and textile industries. This study aims to comprehensively evaluate the extreme properties of a hormone-sensitive lipase (EstATII-TM) isolated from the Red Sea Atlantis II brine pool. EstATII-TM was cloned, expressed, and its biochemical activities were assessed under different conditions. EstATII-TM catalytic properties and resistance to different metal ions were compared to commercial thermophilic esterases under different temperatures. Phylogenetically, EstATII-TM was assigned to the GDSAG motif subfamily of hormone-sensitive lipase. The optimal enzyme activity was evident at a temperature of 30 °C and pH 7–8. The enzyme retained 84.9% of its activity at 0.5 M NaCl. EstATII-TM maintained 93% to 97% activity at −40 and −20 °C, respectively. EstATII-TM activity was significantly enhanced, up to 10-fold, at temperatures ranging from 45 to 65 °C in the presence of 1 mM Cu2+, Cd2+, Ba2+, Mn2+, and Zn2+. EstATII-TM showed superior catalytic activity and resistance-to/enhancement-by metal ions compared to two commercial thermophilic esterases. The Red Sea Atlantis II brine EstATII-TM is characterized by tolerance to high temperatures, stability to hot and cold conditions, as well as toxic heavy metal contamination, making it an ideal candidate for industrial processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa F. Ahmed
- Biology Department, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt; (S.F.A.); (R.Z.A.)
| | - Rehab Z. Abdallah
- Biology Department, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt; (S.F.A.); (R.Z.A.)
- Max Planck institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Rania Siam
- Biology Department, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt; (S.F.A.); (R.Z.A.)
- University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
- Correspondence:
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19
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Singh N, Singh V, Singh MP. Microbial degradation of lignocellulosic biomass for bioenergy production: A metagenomic-based approach. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2022.2056451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Singh
- Centre of Bioinformatics, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India
- School of Biochemical Engineering, IIT (BHU), Varanasi, India
| | - Veer Singh
- Centre of Biotechnology, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India
| | - Mohan P. Singh
- Centre of Biotechnology, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India
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20
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Tatta ER, Imchen M, Moopantakath J, Kumavath R. Bioprospecting of microbial enzymes: current trends in industry and healthcare. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:1813-1835. [PMID: 35254498 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11859-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Microbial enzymes have an indispensable role in producing foods, pharmaceuticals, and other commercial goods. Many novel enzymes have been reported from all domains of life, such as plants, microbes, and animals. Nonetheless, industrially desirable enzymes of microbial origin are limited. This review article discusses the classifications, applications, sources, and challenges of most demanded industrial enzymes such as pectinases, cellulase, lipase, and protease. In addition, the production of novel enzymes through protein engineering technologies such as directed evolution, rational, and de novo design, for the improvement of existing industrial enzymes is also explored. We have also explored the role of metagenomics, nanotechnology, OMICs, and machine learning approaches in the bioprospecting of novel enzymes. Overall, this review covers the basics of biocatalysts in industrial and healthcare applications and provides an overview of existing microbial enzyme optimization tools. KEY POINTS: • Microbial bioactive molecules are vital for therapeutic and industrial applications. • High-throughput OMIC is the most proficient approach for novel enzyme discovery. • Comprehensive databases and efficient machine learning models are the need of the hour to fast forward de novo enzyme design and discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eswar Rao Tatta
- Department of Genomic Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Periya (PO.), Kasaragod, Kerala, 671320, India
| | - Madangchanok Imchen
- Department of Genomic Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Periya (PO.), Kasaragod, Kerala, 671320, India
| | - Jamseel Moopantakath
- Department of Genomic Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Periya (PO.), Kasaragod, Kerala, 671320, India
| | - Ranjith Kumavath
- Department of Genomic Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Periya (PO.), Kasaragod, Kerala, 671320, India.
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Vuong P, Wise MJ, Whiteley AS, Kaur P. Small investments with big returns: environmental genomic bioprospecting of microbial life. Crit Rev Microbiol 2022; 48:641-655. [PMID: 35100064 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2021.2011833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Microorganisms and their natural products are major drivers of ecological processes and industrial applications. Microbial bioprospecting has been critical for the advancement in various fields such as pharmaceuticals, sustainable industries, food security and bioremediation. Next generation sequencing has been paramount in the exploration of diverse environmental microbiomes. It presents a culture-independent approach to investigating hitherto uncultured taxa, resulting in the creation of massive sequence databases, which are available in the public domain. Genome mining searches available (meta)genomic data for target biosynthetic genes, and combined with the large-scale public data, this in-silico bioprospecting method presents an efficient and extensive way to uncover microbial bioproducts. Bioinformatic tools have progressed to a stage where we can recover genomes from the environment; these metagenome-assembled genomes present a way to understand the metabolic capacity of microorganisms in a physiological and ecological context. Environmental sampling been extensive across various ecological settings, including microbiomes with unique physicochemical properties that could influence the discovery of novel functions and metabolic pathways. Although in-silico methods cannot completely substitute in-vitro studies, the contextual information it provides is invaluable for understanding the ecological and taxonomic distribution of microbial genotypes and to form effective strategies for future microbial bioprospecting efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paton Vuong
- UWA School of Agriculture & Environment, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Michael J Wise
- School of Physics, Mathematics and Computing, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Andrew S Whiteley
- Centre for Environment & Life Sciences, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Floreat, Australia
| | - Parwinder Kaur
- UWA School of Agriculture & Environment, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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22
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Salami M, Sadeghian Motahar SF, Ariaeenejad S, Sheykh Abdollahzadeh Mamaghani A, Kavousi K, Moosavi-Movahedi AA, Hosseini Salekdeh G. The novel homologue of the human α-glucosidase inhibited by the non-germinated and germinated quinoa protein hydrolysates after in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. J Food Biochem 2021; 46:e14030. [PMID: 34914113 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) is a potential source of protein with ideal amino acid profiles which its bioactive compounds can be improved during germination and gastrointestinal digestion. The present investigation studies the impact of germination for 24 hr and simulated gastrointestinal digestion on α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of the quinoa protein and bioactive peptides against the novel homologue of human α-glucosidase, PersiAlpha-GL1. The sprouted quinoa after gastroduodenal digestion was the most effective α-glucosidase inhibitor showing 81.10% α-glucosidase inhibition at concentration 4 mg/ml with the half inhibition rate (IC50 ) of 0.07 mg/ml. Based on the kinetic analysis, both the germinated and non-germinated samples before and after digestion were competitive-type inhibitors of α-glucosidase. Results of this study showed the improved α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of the quinoa bioactive peptides after germination and gastrointestinal digestion and highlighted the potential of metagenome-derived PersiAlpha-GL1 as a novel homologue of the human α-glucosidase for developing the future anti-diabetic drugs. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of germination and gastrointestinal digestion of the quinoa protein and bioactive peptides on α-glucosidase inhibitory activity against the novel PersiAlpha-GL1. Metagenomic data were used to identify the novel α-glucosidase structurally and functionally homologue of human intestinal. The results showed the highest inhibition on PersiAlpha-GL1 by a germinated quinoa after gastroduodenal digestion and confirmed the potential of PersiAlpha-GL1 to enhance the effectiveness of the anti-diabetic drugs for industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Salami
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, University College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Fatemeh Sadeghian Motahar
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, University College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Shohreh Ariaeenejad
- Department of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Atefeh Sheykh Abdollahzadeh Mamaghani
- Department of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Kaveh Kavousi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ghasem Hosseini Salekdeh
- Department of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
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23
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Ajeje SB, Hu Y, Song G, Peter SB, Afful RG, Sun F, Asadollahi MA, Amiri H, Abdulkhani A, Sun H. Thermostable Cellulases / Xylanases From Thermophilic and Hyperthermophilic Microorganisms: Current Perspective. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:794304. [PMID: 34976981 PMCID: PMC8715034 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.794304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The bioconversion of lignocellulose into monosaccharides is critical for ensuring the continual manufacturing of biofuels and value-added bioproducts. Enzymatic degradation, which has a high yield, low energy consumption, and enhanced selectivity, could be the most efficient and environmentally friendly technique for converting complex lignocellulose polymers to fermentable monosaccharides, and it is expected to make cellulases and xylanases the most demanded industrial enzymes. The widespread nature of thermophilic microorganisms allows them to proliferate on a variety of substrates and release substantial quantities of cellulases and xylanases, which makes them a great source of thermostable enzymes. The most significant breakthrough of lignocellulolytic enzymes lies in lignocellulose-deconstruction by enzymatic depolymerization of holocellulose into simple monosaccharides. However, commercially valuable thermostable cellulases and xylanases are challenging to produce in high enough quantities. Thus, the present review aims at giving an overview of the most recent thermostable cellulases and xylanases isolated from thermophilic and hyperthermophilic microbes. The emphasis is on recent advancements in manufacturing these enzymes in other mesophilic host and enhancement of catalytic activity as well as thermostability of thermophilic cellulases and xylanases, using genetic engineering as a promising and efficient technology for its economic production. Additionally, the biotechnological applications of thermostable cellulases and xylanases of thermophiles were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaila Boyi Ajeje
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Guojie Song
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Sunday Bulus Peter
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Richmond Godwin Afful
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Fubao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Mohammad Ali Asadollahi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamid Amiri
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Abdulkhani
- Department of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Haiyan Sun
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
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24
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Ishiya K, Aburatani S. Multivariate statistical monitoring system for microbial population dynamics. Phys Biol 2021; 19. [PMID: 34788744 DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/ac3ad6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Microbiomes in their natural environments vary dynamically with changing environmental conditions. The detection of these dynamic changes in microbial populations is critical for understanding the impact of environmental changes on the microbial community. Here, we propose a novel method to detect time-series changes in the microbiome, based on multivariate statistical process control. By focusing on the interspecies structures, this approach enables the robust detection of time-series changes in a microbiome composed of a large number of microbial species. Applying this approach to empirical human gut microbiome data, we accurately traced time-series changes in microbiota composition induced by a dietary intervention trial. This method was also excellent for tracking the recovery process after the intervention. Our approach can be useful for monitoring dynamic changes in complex microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Ishiya
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advance Industrial Science and Technology, 2-17-2-1 Tsukisamu-Higashi, Toyohira-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 062-8517, JAPAN
| | - Sachiyo Aburatani
- Computational Bio Big-Data Open Innovation Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 2-4-7 Aomi, Koto-ku,, Tokyo, Tokyo, 135-0064, JAPAN
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25
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Costa ÂMA, Santos AO, Sousa J, Rodrigues JL, Gudiña EJ, Silvério SC, Rodrigues LR. Improved method for the extraction of high-quality DNA from lignocellulosic compost samples for metagenomic studies. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:8881-8893. [PMID: 34724083 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11647-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The world economy is currently moving towards more sustainable approaches. Lignocellulosic biomass has been widely used as a substitute for fossil sources since it is considered a low-cost bio-renewable resource due to its abundance and continuous production. Compost habitats presenting high content of lignocellulosic biomass are considered a promising source of robust lignocellulose-degrading enzymes. Recently, several novel biocatalysts from different environments have been identified using metagenomic techniques. A key point of the metagenomics studies is the extraction and purification of nucleic acids. Nevertheless, the isolation of high molecular weight DNA from soil-like samples, such as compost, with the required quality for metagenomic approaches remains technically challenging, mainly due to the complex composition of the samples and the presence of contaminants like humic substances. In this work, a rapid and cost-effective protocol for metagenomic DNA extraction from compost samples composed of lignocellulosic residues and containing high content of humic substances was developed. The metagenomic DNA was considered as representative of the global environment and presented high quality (> 99% of humic acids effectively removed) and sufficient quantity (10.5-13.8 µg g-1 of compost) for downstream applications, namely functional metagenomic studies. The protocol takes about 4 h of bench work, and it can be performed using standard molecular biology equipment and reagents available in the laboratory. KEY POINTS/HIGHLIGHTS: • Metagenomic DNA was successfully extracted from compost samples rich in humic acids • The improved protocol was established by optimizing the cell lysis method and buffer • Complete removal of humic acids was achieved through the use of activated charcoal • The suitability of the DNA was proven by the construction of a metagenomic library.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ângela M A Costa
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade Do Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Andréia O Santos
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade Do Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Joana Sousa
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade Do Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Joana L Rodrigues
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade Do Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Eduardo J Gudiña
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade Do Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Sara C Silvério
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade Do Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
| | - Ligia R Rodrigues
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade Do Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
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26
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Xiao Y, Liu YD, Yuan G, Mao RQ, Li G. An uncharacterized protein from the metagenome with no obvious homology to known lipases shows excellent alkaline lipase properties and potential applications in the detergent industry. Biotechnol Lett 2021; 43:2311-2325. [PMID: 34698972 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-021-03203-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A novel lipase, Lip486, which has no obvious homology with known lipases, was discovered using functional metagenomics technology. Phylogenetic tree analysis suggested that the enzyme belongs to a new subfamily called lipolytic enzyme family II. To explore the enzymatic properties, lip486 was expressed heterologously and efficiently in Escherichia coli. The recombinant enzyme displayed the highest activity on the substrate p-nitrophenyl caprate with a carbon chain length of 10, and its optimum temperature and pH were 53 °C and 8.0, respectively. The recombinant Lip486 showed good activity and stability in strong alkaline and medium-low-temperature environments. The results of compatibility and soaking tests showed that the enzyme had good compatibility with 4 kinds of commercial detergents, and an appropriate soaking time could further improve the enzyme activity. Oil stain removal test results for a cotton cloth indicated that the washing performance of commercial laundry detergent supplemented with Lip486 was further improved. In addition, as one of the smallest lipases found to date, Lip486 also has the advantages of high yield, good stability and easy molecular modification. These characteristics reflect the good application prospects for Lip486 in the detergent and other industries in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xiao
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-De Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Ge Yuan
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Run-Qian Mao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510260, People's Republic of China.
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Mineral Oil Pesticides, Guangzhou, 510260, People's Republic of China.
| | - Gang Li
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China.
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27
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Kumar A, Mukhia S, Kumar R. Industrial applications of cold-adapted enzymes: challenges, innovations and future perspective. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:426. [PMID: 34567931 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02929-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extreme cold environments are potential reservoirs of microorganisms producing unique and novel enzymes in response to environmental stress conditions. Such cold-adapted enzymes prove to be valuable tools in industrial biotechnology to meet the increasing demand for efficient biocatalysts. The inherent properties like high catalytic activity at low temperature, high specific activity and low activation energy make the cold-adapted enzymes well suited for application in various industries. The interest in this group of enzymes is expanding as they are the preferred alternatives to harsh chemical synthesis owing to their biodegradable and non-toxic nature. Irrespective of the multitude of applications, the use of cold-adapted enzymes at the industrial level is still limited. The current review presents the unique adaptive features and the role of cold-adapted enzymes in major industries like food, detergents, molecular biology and bioremediation. The review highlights the significance of omics technology i.e., metagenomics, metatranscriptomics and metaproteomics in enzyme bioprospection from extreme environments. It further points out the challenges in using cold-adapted enzymes at the industrial level and the innovations associated with novel enzyme prospection strategies. Documentations on cold-adapted enzymes and their applications are abundant; however, reports on the role of omics tools in exploring cold-adapted enzymes are still scarce. So, the review covers the aspect concerning the novel techniques for enzyme discovery from nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Post Box No. 06, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176 061 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201 002 India
| | - Srijana Mukhia
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Post Box No. 06, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176 061 India
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005 India
| | - Rakshak Kumar
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Post Box No. 06, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176 061 India
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Current Insight into Culture-Dependent and Culture-Independent Methods in Discovering Ascomycetous Taxa. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7090703. [PMID: 34575741 PMCID: PMC8467358 DOI: 10.3390/jof7090703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Culture techniques are vital in both traditional and modern fungal taxonomy. Establishing sexual-asexual links and synanamorphs, extracting DNA and secondary metabolites are mainly based on cultures. However, it is widely accepted that a large number of species are not sporulating in nature while others cannot be cultured. Recent ecological studies based on culture-independent methods revealed these unculturable taxa, i.e., dark taxa. Recent fungal diversity estimation studies suggested that environmental sequencing plays a vital role in discovering missing species. However, Sanger sequencing is still the main approach in determining DNA sequences in culturable species. In this paper, we summarize culture-based and culture-independent methods in the study of ascomycetous taxa. High-throughput sequencing of leaf endophytes, leaf litter fungi and fungi in aquatic environments is important to determine dark taxa. Nevertheless, currently, naming dark taxa is not recognized by the ICN, thus provisional naming of them is essential as suggested by several studies.
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Thermostable cellulose saccharifying microbial enzymes: Characteristics, recent advances and biotechnological applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 188:226-244. [PMID: 34371052 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cellulases play a promising role in the bioconversion of renewable lignocellulosic biomass into fermentable sugars which are subsequently fermented to biofuels and other value-added chemicals. Besides biofuel industries, they are also in huge demand in textile, detergent, and paper and pulp industries. Low titres of cellulase production and processing are the main issues that contribute to high enzyme cost. The success of ethanol-based biorefinery depends on high production titres and the catalytic efficiency of cellulases functional at elevated temperatures with acid/alkali tolerance and the low cost. In view of their wider application in various industrial processes, stable cellulases that are active at elevated temperatures in the acidic-alkaline pH ranges, and organic solvents and salt tolerance would be useful. This review provides a recent update on the advances made in thermostable cellulases. Developments in their sources, characteristics and mechanisms are updated. Various methods such as rational design, directed evolution, synthetic & system biology and immobilization techniques adopted in evolving cellulases with ameliorated thermostability and characteristics are also discussed. The wide range of applications of thermostable cellulases in various industrial sectors is described.
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Sadeghian Motahar SF, Salami M, Ariaeenejad S, Emam‐Djomeh Z, Sheykh Abdollahzadeh Mamaghani A, Kavousi K, Moghadam M, Hosseini Salekdeh G. Synergistic Effect of Metagenome‐Derived Starch‐Degrading Enzymes on Quality of Functional Bread with Antioxidant Activity. STARCH-STARKE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/star.202100098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maryam Salami
- Department of Food Science and Engineering University College of Agriculture & Natural Resources University of Tehran Karaj Iran
| | - Shohreh Ariaeenejad
- Department of Systems and Synthetic Biology Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII) Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO) Karaj Iran
| | - Zahra Emam‐Djomeh
- Department of Food Science and Engineering University College of Agriculture & Natural Resources University of Tehran Karaj Iran
| | - Atefeh Sheykh Abdollahzadeh Mamaghani
- Department of Systems and Synthetic Biology Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII) Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO) Karaj Iran
| | - Kaveh Kavousi
- Laboratory of Complex Biological Systems and Bioinformatics (CBB) Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB) University of Tehran Tehran Iran
| | - Maryam Moghadam
- Department of Food Science and Engineering University College of Agriculture & Natural Resources University of Tehran Karaj Iran
| | - Ghasem Hosseini Salekdeh
- Department of Systems and Synthetic Biology Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII) Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO) Karaj Iran
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Hameleers L, Penttinen L, Ikonen M, Jaillot L, Fauré R, Terrapon N, Deuss PJ, Hakulinen N, Master ER, Jurak E. Polysaccharide utilization loci-driven enzyme discovery reveals BD-FAE: a bifunctional feruloyl and acetyl xylan esterase active on complex natural xylans. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:127. [PMID: 34059129 PMCID: PMC8165983 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-01976-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nowadays there is a strong trend towards a circular economy using lignocellulosic biowaste for the production of biofuels and other bio-based products. The use of enzymes at several stages of the production process (e.g., saccharification) can offer a sustainable route due to avoidance of harsh chemicals and high temperatures. For novel enzyme discovery, physically linked gene clusters targeting carbohydrate degradation in bacteria, polysaccharide utilization loci (PULs), are recognized 'treasure troves' in the era of exponentially growing numbers of sequenced genomes. RESULTS We determined the biochemical properties and structure of a protein of unknown function (PUF) encoded within PULs of metagenomes from beaver droppings and moose rumen enriched on poplar hydrolysate. The corresponding novel bifunctional carbohydrate esterase (CE), now named BD-FAE, displayed feruloyl esterase (FAE) and acetyl esterase activity on simple, synthetic substrates. Whereas acetyl xylan esterase (AcXE) activity was detected on acetylated glucuronoxylan from birchwood, only FAE activity was observed on acetylated and feruloylated xylooligosaccharides from corn fiber. The genomic contexts of 200 homologs of BD-FAE revealed that the 33 closest homologs appear in PULs likely involved in xylan breakdown, while the more distant homologs were found either in alginate-targeting PULs or else outside PUL contexts. Although the BD-FAE structure adopts a typical α/β-hydrolase fold with a catalytic triad (Ser-Asp-His), it is distinct from other biochemically characterized CEs. CONCLUSIONS The bifunctional CE, BD-FAE, represents a new candidate for biomass processing given its capacity to remove ferulic acid and acetic acid from natural corn and birchwood xylan substrates, respectively. Its detailed biochemical characterization and solved crystal structure add to the toolbox of enzymes for biomass valorization as well as structural information to inform the classification of new CEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisanne Hameleers
- Department of Bioproduct Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Leena Penttinen
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Martina Ikonen
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Léa Jaillot
- Architecture Et Fonction Des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB), UMR7257 Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) and Aix-Marseille Université (AMU), USC1408 Institut National de Recherche Pour L'Agriculture, l'Alimentation Et L'Environnement (INRAE), 13288, Marseille cedex 9, France
| | - Régis Fauré
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute (TBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Terrapon
- Architecture Et Fonction Des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB), UMR7257 Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) and Aix-Marseille Université (AMU), USC1408 Institut National de Recherche Pour L'Agriculture, l'Alimentation Et L'Environnement (INRAE), 13288, Marseille cedex 9, France
| | - Peter J Deuss
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nina Hakulinen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistokatu 7, 80130, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Emma R Master
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, 02150, Espoo, Finland
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Edita Jurak
- Department of Bioproduct Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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32
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Sun P, Yang J, Wang B, Ma H, Zhang Y, Guo J, Chen X, Zhao J, Sun H, Yang J, Yang H, Cui Y. The effects of combined environmental factors on the intestinal flora of mice based on ground simulation experiments. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11373. [PMID: 34059794 PMCID: PMC8166921 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91077-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The composition and function of intestinal microbial communities are important for human health. However, these intestinal floras are sensitive to changes in the environment. Adverse changes to intestinal flora can affect the health of astronauts, resulting in difficulties in implementing space missions. We randomly divided mice into three groups and placed each group in either a normal environment, simulated microgravity environment or a combined effects environment, which included simulated microgravity, low pressure and noise. Fecal samples of the mice were collected for follow-up analysis based on metagenomics technology. With the influence of different space environmental factors, the species composition at the phylum and genus levels were significantly affected by the combined effects environment, especially the abundance of the Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. Furthermore, screening was conducted to identify biomarkers that could be regarded as environmental markers. And there have also been some noticeable changes in the function of intestinal floras. Moreover, the abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) was also found to be changed under different environmental conditions, such as bacitracin and vancomycin. The combined effects environment could significantly affect the species composition, function, and the expression of ARGs of intestinal flora of mice which may provide a theoretical basis for space medical supervision and healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiming Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jiaqi Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- Department of General Surgery, The 306th Hospital of Chinese PLA-Peking University Teaching Hospital, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Bo Wang
- China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Haidian District, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Huan Ma
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yin Zhang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jinhu Guo
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Haidian District, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Jianwei Zhao
- China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Haidian District, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Hongwei Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jianwu Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Heming Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Yan Cui
- Department of General Surgery, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China.
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Pavarina GC, Lemos EGDM, Lima NSM, Pizauro JM. Characterization of a new bifunctional endo-1,4-β-xylanase/esterase found in the rumen metagenome. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10440. [PMID: 34001974 PMCID: PMC8128909 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89916-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metagenomic data mining of the Nellore cattle rumen microbiota identified a new bifunctional enzyme, endo-1,4-β-xylanase/esterase, which was subsequently overexpressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3). This enzyme was stable at pH intervals of 5 to 6.5 and temperatures between 30 and 45 °C, and under the test conditions, it had a Vmax of 30.959 ± 2.334 µmol/min/mg, Km of 3.6 ± 0.6 mM and kcat of 2.323 ± 175 s-1. Additionally, the results showed that the enzyme is tolerant to NaCl and organic solvents and therefore is suitable for industrial environments. Xylanases are widely applicable, and the synergistic activity of endo-1,4-β-xylanase/esterase in a single molecule will improve the degradation efficiency of heteroxylans via the creation of xylanase binding sites. Therefore, this new molecule has the potential for use in lignocellulosic biomass processing and as an animal feed food additive and could improve xylooligosaccharide production efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Cavazzini Pavarina
- Technology Department, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciencess, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane S/N, km 5, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Agricultural and Livestock Microbiology, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eliana Gertrudes de Macedo Lemos
- Technology Department, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciencess, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane S/N, km 5, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Molecular Biology Laboratory, Bioenergy Research Institute (IPBEN), Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natália Sarmanho Monteiro Lima
- Technology Department, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciencess, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane S/N, km 5, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Agricultural and Livestock Microbiology, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Martins Pizauro
- Technology Department, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciencess, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane S/N, km 5, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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Strategies for Natural Products Discovery from Uncultured Microorganisms. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26102977. [PMID: 34067778 PMCID: PMC8156983 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26102977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms are highly regarded as a prominent source of natural products that have significant importance in many fields such as medicine, farming, environmental safety, and material production. Due to this, only tiny amounts of microorganisms can be cultivated under standard laboratory conditions, and the bulk of microorganisms in the ecosystems are still unidentified, which restricts our knowledge of uncultured microbial metabolism. However, they could hypothetically provide a large collection of innovative natural products. Culture-independent metagenomics study has the ability to address core questions in the potential of NP production by cloning and analysis of microbial DNA derived directly from environmental samples. Latest advancements in next generation sequencing and genetic engineering tools for genome assembly have broadened the scope of metagenomics to offer perspectives into the life of uncultured microorganisms. In this review, we cover the methods of metagenomic library construction, and heterologous expression for the exploration and development of the environmental metabolome and focus on the function-based metagenomics, sequencing-based metagenomics, and single-cell metagenomics of uncultured microorganisms.
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Varrella S, Barone G, Tangherlini M, Rastelli E, Dell’Anno A, Corinaldesi C. Diversity, Ecological Role and Biotechnological Potential of Antarctic Marine Fungi. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7050391. [PMID: 34067750 PMCID: PMC8157204 DOI: 10.3390/jof7050391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The Antarctic Ocean is one of the most remote and inaccessible environments on our planet and hosts potentially high biodiversity, being largely unexplored and undescribed. Fungi have key functions and unique physiological and morphological adaptations even in extreme conditions, from shallow habitats to deep-sea sediments. Here, we summarized information on diversity, the ecological role, and biotechnological potential of marine fungi in the coldest biome on Earth. This review also discloses the importance of boosting research on Antarctic fungi as hidden treasures of biodiversity and bioactive molecules to better understand their role in marine ecosystem functioning and their applications in different biotechnological fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Varrella
- Department of Materials, Environmental Sciences and Urban Planning, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.V.); (C.C.)
| | - Giulio Barone
- Institute for Biological Resources and Marine Biotechnologies, National Research Council (IRBIM-CNR), Largo Fiera della Pesca, 60125 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Michael Tangherlini
- Department of Research Infrastructures for Marine Biological Resources, Stazione Zoologica “Anton Dohrn”, Fano Marine Centre, Viale Adriatico 1-N, 61032 Fano, Italy;
| | - Eugenio Rastelli
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica “Anton Dohrn”, Fano Marine Centre, Viale Adriatico 1-N, 61032 Fano, Italy;
| | - Antonio Dell’Anno
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Cinzia Corinaldesi
- Department of Materials, Environmental Sciences and Urban Planning, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.V.); (C.C.)
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Antimicrobial Resistance Gene Detection Methods for Bacteria in Animal-Based Foods: A Brief Review of Highlights and Advantages. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9050923. [PMID: 33925810 PMCID: PMC8146338 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9050923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a major public health problem and is mainly due to the indiscriminate use of antimicrobials in human and veterinary medicine. The consumption of animal-based foods can contribute to the transfer of these genes between animal and human bacteria. Resistant and multi-resistant bacteria such as Salmonella spp. and Campylobacter spp. have been detected both in animal-based foods and in production environments such as farms, industries and slaughterhouses. This review aims to compile the techniques for detecting antimicrobial resistance using traditional and molecular methods, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages as well as the effectiveness and confidence of their results.
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Tarafdar A, Sirohi R, Gaur VK, Kumar S, Sharma P, Varjani S, Pandey HO, Sindhu R, Madhavan A, Rajasekharan R, Sim SJ. Engineering interventions in enzyme production: Lab to industrial scale. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 326:124771. [PMID: 33550211 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Commercial enzyme production has gained popularity due to its extensive applications in traditional and modern industrial sectors. Rigorous research activities are being conducted worldwide to make the enzyme production system more efficient, cost-effective and hence, sustainable. To overcome the lacunae in earlier enzyme production methods, new engineering interventions are being introduced to meet the growing demand for industrial enzymes. This review focuses initially on the current global scenario of the enzyme market followed by a discussion on different bioreactor design approaches. The use of novel membrane based, airlift and reciprocating plate bioreactors along with the emergence of micro-reactors have also been discussed. Further, the review covers different modelling and optimization strategies for the enzyme production process including advanced techniques like neural networks, adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems and genetic algorithms. Finally, the required thrust areas in the enzyme production sector have been highlighted with directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayon Tarafdar
- Divison of Livestock Production and Management, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243 122, India
| | - Ranjna Sirohi
- Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow 226 029, India; Technology Development Centre, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur 440 020, India; Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136713, Republic of Korea
| | - Vivek Kumar Gaur
- Environmental Biotechnology Division, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226 001, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Technology Development Centre, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur 440 020, India
| | - Poonam Sharma
- Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow 226 029, India
| | - Sunita Varjani
- Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar 382 010, Gujarat, India
| | - Hari Om Pandey
- Divison of Livestock Production and Management, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243 122, India
| | - Raveendran Sindhu
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology Thiruvananthapuram 695 019, India
| | - Aravind Madhavan
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Trivandrum 695 014, India
| | | | - Sang Jun Sim
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136713, Republic of Korea.
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Ariaeenejad S, Kavousi K, Mamaghani ASA, Motahar SFS, Nedaei H, Salekdeh GH. In-silico discovery of bifunctional enzymes with enhanced lignocellulose hydrolysis from microbiota big data. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 177:211-220. [PMID: 33549667 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Due to the importance of using lignocellulosic biomass, it is always important to find an effective novel enzyme or enzyme cocktail or fusion enzymes. Identification of bifunctional enzymes through a metagenomic approach is an efficient method for converting agricultural residues and a beneficial way to reduce the cost of enzyme cocktail and fusion enzyme production. In this study, a novel stable bifunctional cellulase/xylanase, PersiCelXyn1 was identified from the rumen microbiota by the multi-stage in-silico screening pipeline and computationally assisted methodology. The enzyme exhibited the optimal activity at pH 5 and 50°C. Analyzing the enzyme activity at extreme temperature, pH, long-term storage, and presence of inhibitors and metal ions, confirmed the stability of the bifunctional enzyme under harsh conditions. Hydrolysis of the rice straw by PersiCelXyn1 showed its capability to degrade both cellulose and hemicellulose polymers. Also, the enzyme improved the degradation of various biomass substrates after 168 h of hydrolysis. Our results demonstrated the power of the multi-stage in-silico screening to identify bifunctional enzymes from metagenomic big data for effective bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohreh Ariaeenejad
- Department of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
| | - Kaveh Kavousi
- Laboratory of Complex Biological Systems and Bioinformatics (CBB), Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atefeh Sheykh Abdollahzadeh Mamaghani
- Department of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Fatemeh Sadeghian Motahar
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, University College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Hadi Nedaei
- Laboratory of Complex Biological Systems and Bioinformatics (CBB), Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghasem Hosseini Salekdeh
- Department of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran; Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Sobat M, Asad S, Kabiri M, Mehrshad M. Metagenomic discovery and functional validation of L-asparaginases with anti-leukemic effect from the Caspian Sea. iScience 2021; 24:101973. [PMID: 33458619 PMCID: PMC7797908 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
By screening 27,000 publicly available prokaryotic genomes, we recovered ca. 6300 type I and ca. 5200 type II putative L-asparaginase highlighting the vast potential of prokaryotes. Caspian water with similar salt composition to the human serum was targeted for in silico L-asparaginase screening. We screened ca. three million predicted genes of its assembled metagenomes that resulted in annotation of 87 putative L-asparaginase genes. The L-asparagine hydrolysis was experimentally confirmed by synthesizing and cloning three selected genes in E. coli. Catalytic parameters of the purified enzymes were determined to be among the most desirable reported values. Two recombinant enzymes represented remarkable anti-proliferative activity (IC50 <1IU/ml) against leukemia cell line Jurkat while no cytotoxic effect on human erythrocytes or human umbilical vein endothelial cells was detected. Similar salinity and ionic concentration of the Caspian water to the human serum highlights the potential of secretory L-asparaginases recovered from these metagenomes as potential treatment agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motahareh Sobat
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Asad
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahboubeh Kabiri
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maliheh Mehrshad
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Limnology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Metagenomic Analysis Exploring Taxonomic and Functional Diversity of Soil Microbial Communities in Sugarcane Fields Applied with Organic Fertilizer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:9381506. [PMID: 33145361 PMCID: PMC7596465 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9381506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Organic fertilizers are critically important to soil fertility, microbial communities, and sustainable agricultural strategies. We compared the effect of two fertilizer groups (organic+chemical fertilizer: OM, chemical fertilizer: CK) on sugarcane growth, by observing the difference in microbial communities and functions, soil nutrient status, and agronomic characters of sugarcane. The results showed that the sugar content and yield of sugarcane increased significantly under organic fertilizer treatment. We believe that the increased soil nutrient status and soil microorganisms are the reasons for this phenomenon. In addition, redundancy analysis (RDA) shows that the soil nutrient condition has a major impact on the soil microbial community. In comparison with CK, the species richness of Acidobacteria, Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Gemmatimonadetes as well as the functional abundance of nucleotide metabolism and energy metabolism increased significantly in the OM field. Moreover, compared with CK, genes related to the absorption and biosynthesis of sulfate were more prominent in OM. Therefore, consecutive organic fertilizer application could be an effective method in reference to sustainable production of sugarcane.
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Fongaro G, Maia GA, Rogovski P, Cadamuro RD, Lopes JC, Moreira RS, Camargo AF, Scapini T, Stefanski FS, Bonatto C, Marques Souza DS, Stoco PH, Duarte RTD, Cabral da Cruz AC, Wagner G, Treichel H. Extremophile Microbial Communities and Enzymes for Bioenergetic Application Based on Multi-Omics Tools. Curr Genomics 2020; 21:240-252. [PMID: 33071618 PMCID: PMC7521039 DOI: 10.2174/1389202921999200601144137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract: Genomic and proteomic advances in extremophile microorganism studies are increasingly demonstrating their ability to produce a variety of enzymes capable of converting biomass into bioenergy. Such microorganisms are found in environments with nutritional restrictions, anaerobic environments, high salinity, varying pH conditions and extreme natural environments such as hydrothermal vents, soda lakes, and Antarctic sediments. As extremophile microorganisms and their enzymes are found in widely disparate locations, they generate new possibilities and opportunities to explore biotechnological prospecting, including biofuels (biogas, hydrogen and ethanol) with an aim toward using multi-omics tools that shed light on biotechnological breakthroughs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gislaine Fongaro
- 1Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; 2Laboratory of Microbiology and Bioprocess, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim, RS, Brazil; 3Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; 4Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Augusto Maia
- 1Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; 2Laboratory of Microbiology and Bioprocess, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim, RS, Brazil; 3Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; 4Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Paula Rogovski
- 1Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; 2Laboratory of Microbiology and Bioprocess, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim, RS, Brazil; 3Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; 4Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Rafael Dorighello Cadamuro
- 1Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; 2Laboratory of Microbiology and Bioprocess, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim, RS, Brazil; 3Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; 4Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Joana Camila Lopes
- 1Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; 2Laboratory of Microbiology and Bioprocess, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim, RS, Brazil; 3Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; 4Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Renato Simões Moreira
- 1Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; 2Laboratory of Microbiology and Bioprocess, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim, RS, Brazil; 3Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; 4Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Aline Frumi Camargo
- 1Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; 2Laboratory of Microbiology and Bioprocess, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim, RS, Brazil; 3Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; 4Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Thamarys Scapini
- 1Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; 2Laboratory of Microbiology and Bioprocess, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim, RS, Brazil; 3Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; 4Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Fábio Spitza Stefanski
- 1Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; 2Laboratory of Microbiology and Bioprocess, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim, RS, Brazil; 3Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; 4Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Charline Bonatto
- 1Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; 2Laboratory of Microbiology and Bioprocess, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim, RS, Brazil; 3Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; 4Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Doris Sobral Marques Souza
- 1Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; 2Laboratory of Microbiology and Bioprocess, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim, RS, Brazil; 3Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; 4Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Hermes Stoco
- 1Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; 2Laboratory of Microbiology and Bioprocess, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim, RS, Brazil; 3Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; 4Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Rubens Tadeu Delgado Duarte
- 1Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; 2Laboratory of Microbiology and Bioprocess, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim, RS, Brazil; 3Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; 4Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Ariadne Cristiane Cabral da Cruz
- 1Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; 2Laboratory of Microbiology and Bioprocess, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim, RS, Brazil; 3Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; 4Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Glauber Wagner
- 1Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; 2Laboratory of Microbiology and Bioprocess, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim, RS, Brazil; 3Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; 4Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Helen Treichel
- 1Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; 2Laboratory of Microbiology and Bioprocess, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim, RS, Brazil; 3Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; 4Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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Vasquez EC, Aires R, Ton AMM, Amorim FG. New Insights on the Beneficial Effects of the Probiotic Kefir on Vascular Dysfunction in Cardiovascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:3700-3710. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200304145224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms responsible for cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases have been the focus of
experimental and clinical studies for decades. The relationship between the gut microbiota and the organs and
system tissues represents the research field that has generated the highest number of publications. Homeostasis of
the gut microbiota is important to the host because it promotes maturation of the autoimmune system, harmonic
integrative functions of the brain, and the normal function of organs related to cardiovascular and metabolic systems.
On the other hand, when a gut microbiota dysbiosis occurs, the target organs become vulnerable to the
onset or aggravation of complex chronic conditions, such as cardiovascular (e.g., arterial hypertension) and neurodegenerative
(e.g., dementia) diseases. In the present brief review, we discuss the main mechanisms involved in
those disturbances and the promising beneficial effects that have been revealed using functional food (nutraceuticals),
such as the traditional probiotic Kefir. Here, we highlight the current scientific advances, concerns, and
limitations about the use of this nutraceutical. The focus of our discussion is the endothelial dysfunction that
accompanies hypertension and the neurovascular dysfunction that characterizes ageing-related dementia in patients
suffering from Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisardo C. Vasquez
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Vila Velha University (UVV), Vila Velha, ES, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Aires
- Physiological Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Espirito Santo (UFES), Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | - Alyne M. M. Ton
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Vila Velha University (UVV), Vila Velha, ES, Brazil
| | - Fernanda G. Amorim
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Vila Velha University (UVV), Vila Velha, ES, Brazil
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Liguori L, Monticelli M, Allocca M, Cubellis MV, Hay Mele B. Bioinformatics tools for marine biotechnology: a practical tutorial with a metagenomic approach. BMC Bioinformatics 2020; 21:348. [PMID: 32838733 PMCID: PMC7447578 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-020-03560-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bioinformatics has pervaded all fields of biology and has become an indispensable tool for almost all research projects. Although teaching bioinformatics has been incorporated in all traditional life science curricula, practical hands-on experiences in tight combination with wet-lab experiments are needed to motivate students. RESULTS We present a tutorial that starts from a practical problem: finding novel enzymes from marine environments. First, we introduce the idea of metagenomics, a recent approach that extends biotechnology to non-culturable microbes. We presuppose that a probe for the screening of metagenomic cosmid library is needed. The students start from the chemical structure of the substrate that should be acted on by the novel enzyme and end with the sequence of the probe. To attain their goal, they discover databases such as BRENDA and programs such as BLAST and Clustal Omega. Students' answers to a satisfaction questionnaire show that a multistep tutorial integrated into a research wet-lab project is preferable to conventional lectures illustrating bioinformatics tools. CONCLUSION Experimental biologists can better operate basic bioinformatics if a problem-solving approach is chosen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovica Liguori
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81100, Caserta, Italy
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare -CNR, 80078, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Maria Monticelli
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università Federico II, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Allocca
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81100, Caserta, Italy
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare -CNR, 80078, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Maria Vittoria Cubellis
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università Federico II, 80126, Naples, Italy.
- Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy.
| | - Bruno Hay Mele
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università Federico II, 80126, Naples, Italy
- Integrative Marine Ecology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy
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Yan Y, Nguyen LH, Franzosa EA, Huttenhower C. Strain-level epidemiology of microbial communities and the human microbiome. Genome Med 2020; 12:71. [PMID: 32791981 PMCID: PMC7427293 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-020-00765-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The biological importance and varied metabolic capabilities of specific microbial strains have long been established in the scientific community. Strains have, in the past, been largely defined and characterized based on microbial isolates. However, the emergence of new technologies and techniques has enabled assessments of their ecology and phenotypes within microbial communities and the human microbiome. While it is now more obvious how pathogenic strain variants are detrimental to human health, the consequences of subtle genetic variation in the microbiome have only recently been exposed. Here, we review the operational definitions of strains (e.g., genetic and structural variants) as they can now be identified from microbial communities using different high-throughput, often culture-independent techniques. We summarize the distribution and diversity of strains across the human body and their emerging links to health maintenance, disease risk and progression, and biochemical responses to perturbations, such as diet or drugs. We list methods for identifying, quantifying, and tracking strains, utilizing high-throughput sequencing along with other molecular and “culturomics” technologies. Finally, we discuss implications of population studies in bridging experimental gaps and leading to a better understanding of the health effects of strains in the human microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yan
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Long H Nguyen
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric A Franzosa
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Curtis Huttenhower
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. .,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Rueda AM, López de los Santos Y, Vincent AT, Létourneau M, Hernández I, Sánchez CI, Molina V. D, Ospina SA, Veyrier FJ, Doucet N. Genome sequencing and functional characterization of a Dictyopanus pusillus fungal enzymatic extract offers a promising alternative for lignocellulose pretreatment of oil palm residues. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227529. [PMID: 32730337 PMCID: PMC7392265 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The pretreatment of biomass remains a critical requirement for bio-renewable fuel production from lignocellulose. Although current processes primarily involve chemical and physical approaches, the biological breakdown of lignin using enzymes and microorganisms is quickly becoming an interesting eco-friendly alternative to classical processes. As a result, bioprospection of wild fungi from naturally occurring lignin-rich sources remains a suitable method to uncover and isolate new species exhibiting ligninolytic activity. In this study, wild species of white rot fungi were collected from Colombian forests based on their natural wood decay ability and high capacity to secrete oxidoreductases with high affinity for phenolic polymers such as lignin. Based on high activity obtained from solid-state fermentation using a lignocellulose source from oil palm as matrix, we describe the isolation and whole-genome sequencing of Dictyopanus pusillus, a wild basidiomycete fungus exhibiting ABTS oxidation as an indication of laccase activity. Functional characterization of a crude enzymatic extract identified laccase activity as the main enzymatic contributor to fungal extracts, an observation supported by the identification of 13 putative genes encoding for homologous laccases in the genome. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the first report of an enzymatic extract exhibiting laccase activity in the Dictyopanus genera, offering means to exploit this species and its enzymes for the delignification process of lignocellulosic by-products from oil palm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés M. Rueda
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Université du Québec, Laval, Canada
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
- Centro de Estudios e Investigaciones Ambientales, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Yossef López de los Santos
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Université du Québec, Laval, Canada
| | - Antony T. Vincent
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Université du Québec, Laval, Canada
| | - Myriam Létourneau
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Université du Québec, Laval, Canada
| | - Inés Hernández
- Centro de Estudios e Investigaciones Ambientales, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Clara I. Sánchez
- Centro de Estudios e Investigaciones Ambientales, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
- Escuela de Microbiología, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Daniel Molina V.
- Escuela de Química, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Sonia A. Ospina
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Frédéric J. Veyrier
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Université du Québec, Laval, Canada
| | - Nicolas Doucet
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Université du Québec, Laval, Canada
- PROTEO, Québec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering, and Applications, Québec, Canada
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Chai S, Zhang X, Jia Z, Xu X, Zhang Y, Wang S, Feng Z. Identification and characterization of a novel bifunctional cellulase/hemicellulase from a soil metagenomic library. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:7563-7572. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10766-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Costa OYA, de Hollander M, Pijl A, Liu B, Kuramae EE. Cultivation-independent and cultivation-dependent metagenomes reveal genetic and enzymatic potential of microbial community involved in the degradation of a complex microbial polymer. MICROBIOME 2020; 8:76. [PMID: 32482164 PMCID: PMC7265232 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-020-00836-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cultivation-independent methods, including metagenomics, are tools for the exploration and discovery of biotechnological compounds produced by microbes in natural environments. Glycoside hydrolases (GHs) enzymes are extremely desired and important in the industry of production for goods and biofuel and removal of problematic biofilms and exopolysaccharide (EPS). Biofilms and EPS are complex, requiring a wide range of enzymes for a complete degradation. The aim of this study was to identify potential GH microbial producers and GH genes with biotechnological potential, using EPS-complex structure (WH15EPS) of Acidobacteria Granulicella sp. strain WH15 as an enrichment factor, in cultivation-independent and cultivation-dependent methods. We performed stable isotope probing (SIP) combined with metagenomics on topsoil litter amended with WH15EPS and coupled solid culture-EPS amended medium with metagenomics. RESULTS SIP metagenome analysis of the soil litter demonstrated that phyla Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Planctomycetes were the most abundant in WH15EPS amended and unamended treatments. The enrichment cultures in solid culture medium coupled to metagenomics demonstrated an enrichment in Proteobacteria, and the metagenome assembly of this enrichment cultures resulted in 4 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) of microbes with low identity (42-86%) to known microorganisms. Among all carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) retrieved genes, glycoside transferase (GT) was the most abundant family, either in culture-independent or culture-based metagenome datasets. Within the glycoside hydrolases (GHs), GH13 was the most abundant family in both metagenome datasets. In the "heavy" fraction of the culture-independent metagenome SIP dataset, GH109 (α-N-acetylgalactosaminidases), GH117 (agarases), GH50 (agarases), GH32 (invertases and inulinases), GH17 (endoglucanases), and GH71 (mutanases) families were more abundant in comparison with the controls. Those GH families are affiliated to microorganism that are probably capable to degrade WH15EPS and potentially applicable for biofilm deconstruction. Subsequent in culture-based metagenome, the assembled 4 MAGs (unclassified Proteobacteria) also contained GH families of interest, involving mannosidases, lysozymes, galactosidases, and chitinases. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that functional diversity induced by the presence of WH15EPS in both culture-independent and culture-dependent approaches was enriched in GHs, such as amylases and endoglucanases that could be applied in chemical, pharmaceutical, and food industrial sectors. Furthermore, WH15EPS may be used for the investigation and isolation of yet unknown taxa, such as unclassified Proteobacteria and Planctomycetes, increasing the number of current cultured bacterial representatives with potential biotechnological traits. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ohana Y A Costa
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Department of Microbial Ecology, Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Institute of Biology (IBL), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mattias de Hollander
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Department of Microbial Ecology, Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Agata Pijl
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Department of Microbial Ecology, Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Binbin Liu
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050021, Hebei, China.
| | - Eiko E Kuramae
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Department of Microbial Ecology, Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB, Wageningen, Netherlands.
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Lima JY, Moreira C, Nunes Freitas PN, Olchanheski LR, Veiga Pileggi SA, Etto RM, Staley C, Sadowsky MJ, Pileggi M. Structuring biofilm communities living in pesticide contaminated water. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03996. [PMID: 32462094 PMCID: PMC7240113 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The wide use of pesticides in agriculture expose microbiota to stressful conditions that require the development of survival strategies. The bacterial response to many pollutants has not been elucidated in detail, as well as the evolutionary processes that occur to build adapted communities. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bacterial population structure and adaptation strategies in planktonic and biofilm communities in limited environments, as tanks containing water used for washing herbicide containers. This biodiversity, with high percentage of nonculturable microorganisms, was characterized based on habitat and abiotic parameters using molecular and bioinformatics tools. According to water and wastewater standards, the physicochemical conditions of the tank water were inadequate for survival of the identified bacteria, which had to develop survival strategies in this hostile environment. The biodiversity decreased in the transition from planktonic to biofilm samples, indicating a possible association between genetic drift and selection of individuals that survive under stressful conditions, such as heating in water and the presence of chlorine, fluorine and agrochemicals over a six-month period. The abundance of Enterobacter, Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas in biofilms from water tanks was linked to essential processes, deduced from the genes attributed to these taxonomic units, and related to biofilm formation, structure and membrane transport, quorum sensing and xenobiotic degradation. These characteristics were randomly combined and fixed in the biofilm community. Thus, communities of biofilm bacteria obtained under these environmental conditions serve as interesting models for studying herbicide biodegradation kinetics and the prospects of consortia suitable for use in bioremediation in reservoirs containing herbicide-contaminated wastewater, as biofilters containing biofilm communities capable of degrading herbicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhenifer Yonara Lima
- Department of Structural and Molecular Biology and Genetics, Ponta Grossa State University, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Cassiano Moreira
- Department of Structural and Molecular Biology and Genetics, Ponta Grossa State University, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Paloma Nathane Nunes Freitas
- Department of Structural and Molecular Biology and Genetics, Ponta Grossa State University, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Sonia Alvim Veiga Pileggi
- Department of Structural and Molecular Biology and Genetics, Ponta Grossa State University, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Rafael Mazer Etto
- Department of Chemistry, Ponta Grossa State University, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Christopher Staley
- The Biotechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States
| | - Michael Jay Sadowsky
- Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, The Biotechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States
| | - Marcos Pileggi
- Department of Structural and Molecular Biology and Genetics, Ponta Grossa State University, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
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Caparco AA, Pelletier E, Petit JL, Jouenne A, Bommarius BR, Berardinis V, Zaparucha A, Champion JA, Bommarius AS, Vergne‐Vaxelaire C. Metagenomic Mining for Amine Dehydrogenase Discovery. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam A. Caparco
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular EngineeringGeorgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Eric Pelletier
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ EvryUniversité Paris-Saclay 91057 Evry France
| | - Jean Louis Petit
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ EvryUniversité Paris-Saclay 91057 Evry France
| | - Aurélie Jouenne
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ EvryUniversité Paris-Saclay 91057 Evry France
| | - Bettina R. Bommarius
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular EngineeringGeorgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Véronique Berardinis
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ EvryUniversité Paris-Saclay 91057 Evry France
| | - Anne Zaparucha
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ EvryUniversité Paris-Saclay 91057 Evry France
| | - Julie A. Champion
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular EngineeringGeorgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Andreas S. Bommarius
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular EngineeringGeorgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Carine Vergne‐Vaxelaire
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ EvryUniversité Paris-Saclay 91057 Evry France
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Wang T, Yang N, Liang C, Xu H, An Y, Xiao S, Zheng M, Liu L, Wang G, Nie L. Detecting Protein-Protein Interaction Based on Protein Fragment Complementation Assay. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2020; 21:598-610. [PMID: 32053071 DOI: 10.2174/1389203721666200213102829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Proteins are the most critical executive molecules by responding to the instructions stored in the genetic materials in any form of life. More frequently, proteins do their jobs by acting as a roleplayer that interacts with other protein(s), which is more evident when the function of a protein is examined in the real context of a cell. Identifying the interactions between (or amongst) proteins is very crucial for the biochemistry investigation of an individual protein and for the attempts aiming to draw a holo-picture for the interacting members at the scale of proteomics (or protein-protein interactions mapping). Here, we introduced the currently available reporting systems that can be used to probe the interaction between candidate protein pairs based on the fragment complementation of some particular proteins. Emphasis was put on the principles and details of experimental design. These systems are dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), β-lactamase, tobacco etch virus (TEV) protease, luciferase, β- galactosidase, GAL4, horseradish peroxidase (HRP), focal adhesion kinase (FAK), green fluorescent protein (GFP), and ubiquitin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianwen Wang
- College of Life Sciences, and Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Ningning Yang
- College of Life Sciences, and Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Chen Liang
- College of Life Sciences, and Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Hongjv Xu
- College of Life Sciences, and Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Yafei An
- College of Life Sciences, and Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Sha Xiao
- College of Life Sciences, and Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Mengyuan Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, and Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Lu Liu
- College of Life Sciences, and Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Gaozhan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, and Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Lei Nie
- College of Life Sciences, and Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
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