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Ma M, Jiang L, He Y, Hu J, Pei H. Multi-faceted effects of NaCl on salt-tolerant microalgae Golenkinia sp. SDEC-16. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 406:131016. [PMID: 38906195 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
The salt-tolerant microalgae are extremely few and salt-tolerance mechanism is unclear, requiring urgent exploration of salt-tolerance mechanism of known microalgae. This study was first to reveal the salt-tolerance mechanism of Golenkinia sp. SDEC-16 by investigating the growth and metabolism under different salinities and high salinity long-term cultivation. SDEC-16 can survive under high salinity and resume normal growth after NaCl removal. Under long-term stress, SDEC-16 had higher lipid content and productivity than BG11. However, the suppressed Fv/Fm (58.4%) and Fv/F0 (84.0%) along with the increased reactive oxygen species (×6.6), and superoxide dismutase (×1.7) during the treatment revealed NaCl-induced photosynthetic inhibition and oxidative stress. RNA sequencing results showed inhibition of the photosynthetic system, and the enhancement of pathways such as nitrogen metabolism, energy metabolism, and lipid synthesis contributed to the good function of chloroplast, energy supply, and metabolic activity of SDEC-16. This study provides theoretical support for large-scale microalgal cultivation in seawater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Ma
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Centeron Environmental Science and Technology, Jinan, 250061, China
| | - Liqun Jiang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yuqing He
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jibo Hu
- China Medical University-The Queen's University of Belfast Joint College, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Haiyan Pei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Centeron Environmental Science and Technology, Jinan, 250061, China.
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2
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Wang X, Wu G, Wang Y, Lu M, Guo Y, Yin W, Sun C, Chen Y, Yin X. Selenium enhancement strategy under precise fertilization in foxtail millet rhizosphere. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32764. [PMID: 38912508 PMCID: PMC11193015 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Enhancing selenium content in millet is a crucial strategy to address malnutrition due to selenium deficiency. Jingu 21 was used as the experimental material in this study. The effects of selenium fertilizer application amount, vertical position of fertilization, and horizontal position of fertilization on the selenium content in various millet organs were assessed using a three-factor, five-level quadratic rotation combination design. The results indicate that selenium fertilizer application amount, vertical fertilization position, and horizontal fertilization position significantly affected the selenium content in various millet organs. Analysis of the selenium accumulation for different millet organs show that the recommended optimal agronomic strategy for producing selenium-enriched millet comprises a selenium fertilizer application amount ranging from 100.65 to 120.15 kg/hm2, a vertical fertilization position of 10.28-11.76 cm, and a horizontal fertilization position of 6.74-7.29 cm. This study elucidates the patterns of selenium content accumulation under precise fertilization measures of millet and provides valuable insights for implementing selenium enhancement techniques in the production of selenium-enriched millet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohu Wang
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, 030801, China
- Institute of Functional Agriculture (Food) Science and Technology at Yangtze River Delta, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou, 239000, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Functional Agriculture and Functional Food, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou, 239000, China
| | - Gege Wu
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, 030801, China
| | - Yuanqi Wang
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, 030801, China
- Institute of Functional Agriculture (Food) Science and Technology at Yangtze River Delta, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou, 239000, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Functional Agriculture and Functional Food, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou, 239000, China
| | - Mengdi Lu
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, 030801, China
- Institute of Functional Agriculture (Food) Science and Technology at Yangtze River Delta, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou, 239000, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Functional Agriculture and Functional Food, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou, 239000, China
| | - Yukun Guo
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, 030801, China
- Institute of Functional Agriculture (Food) Science and Technology at Yangtze River Delta, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou, 239000, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Functional Agriculture and Functional Food, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou, 239000, China
| | - Wei Yin
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, 030801, China
| | - Chenlu Sun
- Nanjing Institute for Functional Agriculture Science and Technology/National Grain Industry (Functional Rice) Technology Innovation Centre, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Youtao Chen
- Institute of Functional Agriculture (Food) Science and Technology at Yangtze River Delta, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou, 239000, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Functional Agriculture and Functional Food, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou, 239000, China
- College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou, 239000, China
| | - Xuebin Yin
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, 030801, China
- Institute of Functional Agriculture (Food) Science and Technology at Yangtze River Delta, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou, 239000, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Functional Agriculture and Functional Food, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou, 239000, China
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Temirbekova SK, Polivanova OB, Sardarova II, Bastaubaeva SO, Kalashnikova EA, Begeulov MS, Ashirbekov MZ, Afanasyeva YV, Zhemchuzhina NS, Ionova NE, Statsyuk NV, Kirakosyan RN, Saleh A. Naked Oat and Fusarium culmorum (W.G.Sm.) Sacc. Responses to Growth Regulator Effects. Pathogens 2023; 12:1051. [PMID: 37624011 PMCID: PMC10459904 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12081051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The antioxidant defense system can be stimulated by growth regulators in plants when they are under stress, such as exposure to pathogens. There are a lot of natural growth regulators on the market, but no research has been carried out yet to determine how effective they are. This field and laboratory study examines the impact of two commonly used Russian growth regulators, Crezacin and Zircon, along with artificial infection with Fusarium culmorum on the antioxidant system of naked oat. The results show that, compared to the control, Crezacin-treated plants had higher contents of low molecular weight fructose and nonenzymatic antioxidants like proline, phenolic compounds, and flavonoids. Zircon-treated plants had a lower content of proline, carbohydrates, and lower total antioxidant activity than the control plants. The obtained data show that Crezacin treatment mainly affected nonenzymatic systems of the antioxidant defense. This treatment was more successful than the Zircon application, which did not show any appreciable effectiveness and was typically associated with an improvement in oat productivity. The treatment with growth regulators and a fungal suspension performed at the flowering phase provided the best effect on the biochemical parameters and productivity of naked oats. Moreover, oat treatment with the pathogen promoted the reproductive capabilities of the plants, while growth regulators helped in avoiding infectious stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulukhan K. Temirbekova
- All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, Bolshye Vyazemy 143050, Russia; (I.I.S.); (N.S.Z.); (N.V.S.)
| | - Oksana B. Polivanova
- Department of Biotechnology, Russian State Agrarian University—Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Timiryazevskaya Street 49, Moscow 127434, Russia; (O.B.P.); (E.A.K.); (M.S.B.); (R.N.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Irina I. Sardarova
- All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, Bolshye Vyazemy 143050, Russia; (I.I.S.); (N.S.Z.); (N.V.S.)
| | - Sholpan O. Bastaubaeva
- Kazakh Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture and Plant Growing, Almalybakvillage 021601, Kazakhstan;
| | - Elena A. Kalashnikova
- Department of Biotechnology, Russian State Agrarian University—Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Timiryazevskaya Street 49, Moscow 127434, Russia; (O.B.P.); (E.A.K.); (M.S.B.); (R.N.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Marat Sh. Begeulov
- Department of Biotechnology, Russian State Agrarian University—Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Timiryazevskaya Street 49, Moscow 127434, Russia; (O.B.P.); (E.A.K.); (M.S.B.); (R.N.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Mukhtar Zh. Ashirbekov
- Department of Agronomy and Forestry, Faculty of Agronomy, Manash Kozybayev North Kazakhstan University, 86 Pushkin St., Petropavlovsk 150000, Kazakhstan;
| | - Yuliya V. Afanasyeva
- Federal Horticultural Center for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery, Zagoryevskaya Street 4, Moscow 115598, Russia;
| | - Natalya S. Zhemchuzhina
- All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, Bolshye Vyazemy 143050, Russia; (I.I.S.); (N.S.Z.); (N.V.S.)
| | - Natalya E. Ionova
- Biotechnology and Pharmacology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya St., Kazan 420008, Russia;
| | - Natalia V. Statsyuk
- All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, Bolshye Vyazemy 143050, Russia; (I.I.S.); (N.S.Z.); (N.V.S.)
| | - Rima N. Kirakosyan
- Department of Biotechnology, Russian State Agrarian University—Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Timiryazevskaya Street 49, Moscow 127434, Russia; (O.B.P.); (E.A.K.); (M.S.B.); (R.N.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Abdulrahman Saleh
- Department of Biotechnology, Russian State Agrarian University—Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Timiryazevskaya Street 49, Moscow 127434, Russia; (O.B.P.); (E.A.K.); (M.S.B.); (R.N.K.); (A.S.)
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De Palma N, Yendo ACA, Vilasboa J, Chacon DS, Fett-Neto AG. Biochemical responses in leaf tissues of alkaloid producing Psychotria brachyceras under multiple stresses. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2023; 136:397-412. [PMID: 36809401 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-023-01441-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Under natural conditions plants are generally subjected to complex scenarios of combined or sequential environmental stresses. Among the various components of plant biochemistry modulated by abiotic variables, a pivotal role is played by antioxidant systems, including specialized metabolites and their interaction with central pathways. To help address this knowledge gap, a comparative analysis of metabolic changes in leaf tissues of the alkaloid accumulating plant Psychotria brachyceras Müll Arg. under individual, sequential, and combined stress conditions was carried out. Osmotic and heat stresses were evaluated. Protective systems (accumulation of the major antioxidant alkaloid brachycerine, proline, carotenoids, total soluble protein, and activity of the enzymes ascorbate peroxidase and superoxide dismutase) were measured in conjunction with stress indicators (total chlorophyll, ChA/ChB ratio, lipid peroxidation, H2O2 content and electrolyte leakage). Metabolic responses had a complex profile in sequential and combined stresses compared to single ones, being also modified over time. Different stress application schemes affected alkaloid accumulation in distinct ways, exhibiting similar profile to proline and carotenoids, constituting a complementary triad of antioxidants. These complementary non-enzymatic antioxidant systems appeared to be essential for mitigating stress damage and re-establishing cellular homeostasis. The data herein provides clues that may aid the development of a key component framework of stress responses and their appropriate balance to modulate tolerance and yield of target specialized metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás De Palma
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Biosciences Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, CP 15005, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Anna Carolina Alves Yendo
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Biosciences Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, CP 15005, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Center for Biotechnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, CP 15005, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Johnatan Vilasboa
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Biosciences Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, CP 15005, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Daisy Sotero Chacon
- Pharmacognosy Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, CP 59000, Natal, RN, 59012-570, Brazil
| | - Arthur Germano Fett-Neto
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Biosciences Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, CP 15005, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil.
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Center for Biotechnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, CP 15005, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil.
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Accumulation of Proline in Plants under Contaminated Soils—Are We on the Same Page? Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030666. [PMID: 36978914 PMCID: PMC10045403 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Agricultural soil degradation is occurring at unprecedented rates, not only as an indirect effect of climate change (CC) but also due to intensified agricultural practices which affect soil properties and biodiversity. Therefore, understanding the impacts of CC and soil degradation on plant physiology is crucial for the sustainable development of mitigation strategies to prevent crop productivity losses. The amino acid proline has long been recognized for playing distinct roles in plant cells undergoing osmotic stress. Due to its osmoprotectant and redox-buffering ability, a positive correlation between proline accumulation and plants’ tolerance to abiotic stress has been pointed out in numerous reviews. Indeed, proline quantification is used systematically by plant physiologists as an indicator of the degree of tolerance and a measurement of the antioxidant potential in plants under stressful conditions. Moreover, the exogenous application of proline has been shown to increase resilience to several stress factors, including those related to soil degradation such as salinity and exposure to metals and xenobiotics. However, recent data from several studies often refer to proline accumulation as a signal of stress sensitivity with no clear correlation with improved antioxidant activity or higher stress tolerance, including when proline is used exogenously as a stress reliever. Nevertheless, endogenous proline levels are strongly modified by these stresses, proving its involvement in plant responses. Hence, one main question arises—is proline augmentation always a sign of improved stress resilience? From this perspective, the present review aims to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the implications of proline accumulation in plants under abiotic stress induced by soil degradation factors, reinforcing the idea that proline quantification should not be employed as a sole indicator of stress sensitivity or resilience but rather complemented with further biochemical and physiological endpoints.
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Khalid M, Rehman HM, Ahmed N, Nawaz S, Saleem F, Ahmad S, Uzair M, Rana IA, Atif RM, Zaman QU, Lam HM. Using Exogenous Melatonin, Glutathione, Proline, and Glycine Betaine Treatments to Combat Abiotic Stresses in Crops. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12913. [PMID: 36361700 PMCID: PMC9657122 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Abiotic stresses, such as drought, salinity, heat, cold, and heavy metals, are associated with global climate change and hamper plant growth and development, affecting crop yields and quality. However, the negative effects of abiotic stresses can be mitigated through exogenous treatments using small biomolecules. For example, the foliar application of melatonin provides the following: it protects the photosynthetic apparatus; it increases the antioxidant defenses, osmoprotectant, and soluble sugar levels; it prevents tissue damage and reduces electrolyte leakage; it improves reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging; and it increases biomass, maintains the redox and ion homeostasis, and improves gaseous exchange. Glutathione spray upregulates the glyoxalase system, reduces methylglyoxal (MG) toxicity and oxidative stress, decreases hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde accumulation, improves the defense mechanisms, tissue repairs, and nitrogen fixation, and upregulates the phytochelatins. The exogenous application of proline enhances growth and other physiological characteristics, upregulates osmoprotection, protects the integrity of the plasma lemma, reduces lipid peroxidation, increases photosynthetic pigments, phenolic acids, flavonoids, and amino acids, and enhances stress tolerance, carbon fixation, and leaf nitrogen content. The foliar application of glycine betaine improves growth, upregulates osmoprotection and osmoregulation, increases relative water content, net photosynthetic rate, and catalase activity, decreases photorespiration, ion leakage, and lipid peroxidation, protects the oxygen-evolving complex, and prevents chlorosis. Chemical priming has various important advantages over transgenic technology as it is typically more affordable for farmers and safe for plants, people, and animals, while being considered environmentally acceptable. Chemical priming helps to improve the quality and quantity of the yield. This review summarizes and discusses how exogenous melatonin, glutathione, proline, and glycine betaine can help crops combat abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Memoona Khalid
- Centre for Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology (CABB), University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Mamoon Rehman
- Centre for Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology (CABB), University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
- Center for Soybean Research of the Partner State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Nisar Ahmed
- Centre for Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology (CABB), University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Sehar Nawaz
- Centre for Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology (CABB), University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Fozia Saleem
- Centre for Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology (CABB), University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Shakeel Ahmad
- Seed Center, Ministry of Environment, Water & Agriculture, Riyadh 14712, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Uzair
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Iqrar Ahmad Rana
- Centre for Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology (CABB), University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
- Center for Advanced Studies in Agriculture and Food Security, University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan, Punjab 38000, Pakistan
| | - Rana Muhammad Atif
- Center for Advanced Studies in Agriculture and Food Security, University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan, Punjab 38000, Pakistan
| | - Qamar U. Zaman
- Center for Advanced Studies in Agriculture and Food Security, University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan, Punjab 38000, Pakistan
| | - Hon-Ming Lam
- Center for Soybean Research of the Partner State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
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Detection of urban trees sensitivity to air pollution using physiological and biochemical leaf traits in Tehran, Iran. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15398. [PMID: 36100647 PMCID: PMC9470701 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19865-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The increased population in megacities has recently exacerbated the need to combat air pollution. This study examined the concept that the sensitivity and tolerance of urban plant species to air pollution might be used to determine Tehran, Iran's air quality and obtain suitable urban greening. The air pollution tolerance index (APTI) was derived using the total chlorophyll, relative water content, pH, and ascorbic acid content of leaf extract from Morus alba, Ailanthus altissima, and Salix babylonica trees as an indicator of the sensitivity and tolerance of urban plant species. A. altissima and S. babylonica, with APTI values of 11.15 and 11.08, respectively, were sensitive to air pollution and can be employed as bioindicators, whereas M. alba, with an APTI value of 14.08, exhibited moderate resistance to air pollution and is therefore recommended for urban planting. Furthermore, the content of enzymatic and non-enzymatic parameters (carotenoid, phenol, and flavonoids) and proline concentration in the polluted seasons and sites (3 and 4) have been increased in M. alba. Collectively, we expect our findings to contribute to the rapidly growing body of research aiming to find a suitable urban greening for a wide range of polluted megacities.
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Aboryia MS, El-Dengawy ERFA, El-Banna MF, El-Gobba MH, Kasem MM, Hegazy AA, Hassan HM, El-Yazied AA, El-Gawad HGA, Al-Qahtani SM, Al-Harbi NA, Dessoky ES, Ismail IA, El-Mogy MM, EL-Boraie ESA. Anatomical and Physiological Performance of Jojoba Treated with Proline under Salinity Stress Condition. HORTICULTURAE 2022; 8:716. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8080716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
A field trial study was conducted for two consecutive seasons 2020 and 2021 in approximately 8-month-old jojoba plants to evaluate the physiological responses following salt treatment and the role of proline as a foliar application to enhance jojoba tolerance to salinity stress. Jojoba plants were irrigated once a week for four months with diluted seawater in concentrations of 5000, 10,000, and 15,000 ppm and tap water (control). Anti-stress proline was applied four times throughout the experiment, the first at the beginning of the experiment and another three times at 30-day intervals, at concentrations of 0, 300, and 450 ppm. The effect of proline treatments on jojoba plant behavior includes growth vegetative characteristics, namely plant height increase percentage (PHIP), shoot number increase percentage (NSIP), stem diameter increase percentage (SDIP), number of leaves, leaf thickness, leaf area, and fresh and dry weights of leaves, and chemical characteristics, namely chlorophyll a and b, total chlorophyll, carotenoids, leaf mineral contents (N, P, K, Na, and Cl), total phenolic content (TPC), and proline concentration. Moreover, the impacts of proline on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anion (O2•−), malondialdehyde (MDA), and ion leakage (IL) under salinity stress were investigated. Briefly, proline at 450 ppm enhanced all studied growth and physiological characteristics and promoted the antioxidant system of jojoba plants compared with the control and other treatments. The anatomical structure of leaves was also examined, and favorable variations in the anatomical structure were detected in the stressed and proline-treated plants. Exogenous application of proline enhanced most of this anatomical characteristic of jojoba leaf under saline stress. In conclusion, proline as a foliar application at 450 ppm under salinity stress of 10,000 ppm enhances jojoba tolerance to salinity stress by modifying the physicochemical and morphological characteristics of jojoba plants.
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Exogenous Proline Optimizes Osmotic Adjustment Substances and Active Oxygen Metabolism of Maize Embryo under Low-Temperature Stress and Metabolomic Analysis. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10071388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays L.) is more sensitive to low-temperature stress in the early growth period. The study was to explore the response mechanism of proline to low-temperature stress during maize seed germination. Maize varieties Xinxin 2 (low-temperature insensitive) and Damin 3307 (low-temperature sensitive) were chosen as the test materials, setting the normal temperature for germination (22 °C/10 °C, 9d), low-temperature germination (4 °C/4 °C, 5d) and normal temperature recovery (22 °C/10 °C, 4d), combined with proline (15 mmol·L−1) soaking treatment, to study its effects on the osmotic regulation system and antioxidant protection system of maize embryos. Metabolomics analysis was carried out to initially reveal the basis of the metabolic regulation mechanism. The results showed that the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), ascorbic acid peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR) were induced to some extent under low-temperature stress. The activities of SOD, POD, APX and GR were further enhanced in the soaking seeds with proline. Proline treatment improved the activities of catalase (CAT), monodehydrated ascorbic acid reductase (MDHAR) and dehydroascorbic acid (DHAR), increased the contents of ascorbic acid (AsA) and glutathione (GSH) and decreased the contents of oxidized ascorbic acid (DHA) and reduced glutathione (GSSG) under low-temperature stress. The ratio of AsA/DHA and GSH/GSSG increased. The increase in antioxidant enzyme activity and the content of antioxidants can help to maintain the stability of the AsA-GSH cycle, and effectively reduce the production rate of superoxide anion (O2•−), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Based on the UPLC-MS/MS detection platform and self-built database, 589 metabolites were detected in each treated maize embryo; 262 differential metabolites were obtained, including 32 organic acids, 28 amino acids, 20 nucleotides and their derivatives, 26 sugars and alcohols, 46 lipids, 51 alkaloids, 44 phenols and 15 other metabolites. Sixty-eight metabolic pathways involving different metabolites were obtained by KEGG enrichment analysis. The results showed that proline increased the accumulation of sorbitol, planteose, erythritose 4-phosphate, arabinose and other saccharides and alcohols in response to low-temperature stress, increased the content of osmoregulation substances under low-temperature stress. Proline also restored the TCA cycle by increasing the content of α-ketoglutarate and fumaric acid. Proline increased the contents of some amino acids (ornithine, proline, glycine, etc.), alkaloids (cocamidopropyl betaine, vanillylamine, 6-hydroxynicotinic acid, etc.), phenols (phenolic ayapin, chlorogenic acid, etc.) and vitamins (ascorbic acid, etc.) in the embryo under low-temperature stress. Combined with pathway enrichment analysis, proline could enhance the low-temperature stress resistance of germinated maize embryos by enhancing starch and sucrose metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, flavonoid biosynthesis and pentose phosphate pathway.
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Kamali-Andani N, Fallah S, Peralta-Videa JR, Golkar P. A comprehensive study of selenium and cerium oxide nanoparticles on mung bean: Individual and synergistic effect on photosynthesis pigments, antioxidants, and dry matter accumulation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 830:154837. [PMID: 35346715 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the interaction effects of CeO2 NPs (250, 500 and 1000 mg L-1) and Se NPs (25, 50 and 75 mg L-1) were evaluated in mung bean (Vigna radiata). Single NPs and their combinations were foliar applied to 45-day old mung bean plants under greenhouse conditions. In each pot, a total volume of 100 mL of NPs suspension was sprayed on the plants shoot in two steps and one-week interval. After 94 days of growth, membrane degradation, antioxidant activity, photosynthetic pigments, and dry matter accumulation were assessed. At 250 and 500 mg CeO2-NPs L-1, there was partial increase of dry matter, stimulated activity of antioxidant enzymes (p ≤ 0.05), and reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, at 1000 mg L-1, CeO2-NPs caused strong accumulation of ROS (p ≤ 0.05), enlargement of starch granules and swelling of chloroplasts. In addition, at such concentration, there was accumulation of starch granules, reduction of photosynthetic pigments, biological nitrogen fixation, chlorosis, and a significant retardation in plant growth, compared with control, (p ≤ 0.05). Combination of Se-NPs (25 and 50 mg L-1) with 250 mg L-1 of CeO2 NPs decreased hydrogen peroxide, improved CAT, Chla, Chlb, and increased dry matter (p ≤ 0.05). At 1000 mg CeO2 NPs L-1, foliar spray of Se-NPs led to Ce accumulation in the cell wall and increased levels of SOD and proline (p ≤ 0.05). Results showed that 25 and 50 mg Se NPs L-1 ameliorate the stress of CeO2 NPs by upregulating photosynthesis pigments, antioxidants, and dry matter accumulation. Therefore, depending on the CeO2 NPs concentration, the mechanisms of Se NPs in modulating CeO2 NPs stress varied; low concentrations of Se NPs may strengthen the metabolism of legumes, and protect them against foliar toxicity of CeO2 NPs in semi-arid ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najmeh Kamali-Andani
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Sina Fallah
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Jose R Peralta-Videa
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Chemistry and Computer Science Building, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, United States.
| | - Pooran Golkar
- Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran; Research Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
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11
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Chen D, Mubeen B, Hasnain A, Rizwan M, Adrees M, Naqvi SAH, Iqbal S, Kamran M, El-Sabrout AM, Elansary HO, Mahmoud EA, Alaklabi A, Sathish M, Din GMU. Role of Promising Secondary Metabolites to Confer Resistance Against Environmental Stresses in Crop Plants: Current Scenario and Future Perspectives. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:881032. [PMID: 35615133 PMCID: PMC9126561 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.881032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Plants often face incompatible growing environments like drought, salinity, cold, frost, and elevated temperatures that affect plant growth and development leading to low yield and, in worse circumstances, plant death. The arsenal of versatile compounds for plant consumption and structure is called metabolites, which allows them to develop strategies to stop enemies, fight pathogens, replace their competitors and go beyond environmental restraints. These elements are formed under particular abiotic stresses like flooding, heat, drought, cold, etc., and biotic stress such as a pathogenic attack, thus associated with survival strategy of plants. Stress responses of plants are vigorous and include multifaceted crosstalk between different levels of regulation, including regulation of metabolism and expression of genes for morphological and physiological adaptation. To date, many of these compounds and their biosynthetic pathways have been found in the plant kingdom. Metabolites like amino acids, phenolics, hormones, polyamines, compatible solutes, antioxidants, pathogen related proteins (PR proteins), etc. are crucial for growth, stress tolerance, and plant defense. This review focuses on promising metabolites involved in stress tolerance under severe conditions and events signaling the mediation of stress-induced metabolic changes are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delai Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Longdong University, Qingyang, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization for Biological Resources and Ecological Restoration, Qingyang, China
| | - Bismillah Mubeen
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ammarah Hasnain
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Adrees
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Shehzad Iqbal
- Faculty of Agriculture Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Muhammad Kamran
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ahmed M. El-Sabrout
- Department of Applied Entomology and Zoology, Faculty of Agriculture (EL-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hosam O. Elansary
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman A. Mahmoud
- Department of Food Industries, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt
| | - Abdullah Alaklabi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Bisha, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manda Sathish
- Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule (CIEAM), Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Ghulam Muhae Ud Din
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
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12
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Contribution of Exogenous Proline to Abiotic Stresses Tolerance in Plants: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095186. [PMID: 35563577 PMCID: PMC9101538 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Abiotic stresses are the major environmental factors that play a significant role in decreasing plant yield and production potential by influencing physiological, biochemical, and molecular processes. Abiotic stresses and global population growth have prompted scientists to use beneficial strategies to ensure food security. The use of organic compounds to improve tolerance to abiotic stresses has been considered for many years. For example, the application of potential external osmotic protective compounds such as proline is one of the approaches to counteract the adverse effects of abiotic stresses on plants. Proline level increases in plants in response to environmental stress. Proline accumulation is not just a signal of tension. Rather, according to research discussed in this article, this biomolecule improves plant resistance to abiotic stress by rising photosynthesis, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant activity, regulating osmolyte concentration, and sodium and potassium homeostasis. In this review, we discuss the biosynthesis, sensing, signaling, and transport of proline and its role in the development of various plant tissues, including seeds, floral components, and vegetative tissues. Further, the impacts of exogenous proline utilization under various non-living stresses such as drought, salinity, high and low temperatures, and heavy metals have been extensively studied. Numerous various studies have shown that exogenous proline can improve plant growth, yield, and stress tolerance under adverse environmental factors.
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13
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Wang Y, Tan P, Chang L, Yue Z, Zeng C, Li M, Liu Z, Dong X, Yan M. Exogenous proline mitigates toxic effects of cadmium via the decrease of cadmium accumulation and reestablishment of redox homeostasis in Brassica juncea. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:182. [PMID: 35395715 PMCID: PMC8991812 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03538-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a vital osmoticum, proline has an important role in enhancing the tolerance of plants to environmental stress. It is unclear whether the application of exogenous proline can improve the tolerance of Brassica juncea to cadmium (Cd). RESULTS This study investigated the effects of different concentrations of proline (20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 mg/L) under Cd stress at different times (0 d, 2 d, and 7 d) on the growth and physiology of B. juncea. Treatment with exogenous proline not only increased the content of proline in B. juncea but also alleviated Cd-induced seedling growth inhibition via the maintenance of higher photosynthetic pigment content and cell viability and a decrease in the content of Cd. Moreover, it increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes and the glutathione/glutathione disulfide ratio to reduce the accumulation of reactive oxygen species. Compared with other concentrations, 60 mg/L of exogenous proline was the most effective at mitigating Cd toxicity in B. juncea. CONCLUSIONS Exogenous proline treatment enhanced the tolerance to Cd via a decrease in Cd accumulation and reestablishment of the redox homeostasis in B. juncea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanduo Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 410004, Changsha, China
- International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology Innovation on Forest Resource Biotechnology of Hunan Province, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 410004, Changsha, China
| | - Piaopiao Tan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 410004, Changsha, China
- International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology Innovation on Forest Resource Biotechnology of Hunan Province, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 410004, Changsha, China
| | - Liang Chang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 410004, Changsha, China
- International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology Innovation on Forest Resource Biotechnology of Hunan Province, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 410004, Changsha, China
| | - Zheming Yue
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 410004, Changsha, China
- International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology Innovation on Forest Resource Biotechnology of Hunan Province, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 410004, Changsha, China
| | - Chaozhen Zeng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 410004, Changsha, China
- International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology Innovation on Forest Resource Biotechnology of Hunan Province, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 410004, Changsha, China
| | - Mei Li
- Crop Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 410125, Changsha, China
| | - Zhixiang Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 410004, Changsha, China.
- International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology Innovation on Forest Resource Biotechnology of Hunan Province, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 410004, Changsha, China.
| | - Xujie Dong
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 410004, Changsha, China
- International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology Innovation on Forest Resource Biotechnology of Hunan Province, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 410004, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, 410128, Changsha, China
| | - Mingli Yan
- Crop Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 410125, Changsha, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization, Hunan University of Science and Technology, 411201, Xiangtan, China.
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14
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Alternate gene expression profiling of monoterpenes in Hymenocrater longiflorus as a novel pharmaceutical plant under water deficit. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4084. [PMID: 35260740 PMCID: PMC8904481 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08062-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Hymenocrater longiflorus (surahalala) is a wild plant species with potential pharmaceutical and ornamental interest. To date, the genomics of this plant is unknown and the gene expression profiling of the genes related to its metabolite has never been studied before. In order to study the responses of in vitro-grown surahalala plants to abiotic stresses and the differential expression of the genes related to its essential oils under exogenous proline application; three levels of PEG600 (0, 10, and 20%) and five levels of proline (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 µm) were combined in the culture media. Thus, water deficit increased oxidants levels and decreased fresh weight of surahalala tissues, whereas addition of proline up to 15 µm was able to relatively compensate the negative effect of water deficit. Contrarily, high proline level (20 µm) had a negative effect on surahalala plants probably due to the stress simulation (nutrition) under high proline concentration. In addition, the best combination for achieving highest essential oils content was 10 µm proline plus 10% PEG. The expressional profiling of the genes TPS27, L3H, TPS2, TPS1, OMT and GDH3 were successfully carried out and their involvement in 1,8-cineole, carvone, α-pinene, thymol, estragole and β-Citronellol biosynthesis, respectively, was verified. In addition, our results indicated that these genes could also be involved in the synthesis of other metabolites under water deficit condition.
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15
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Ghosh UK, Islam MN, Siddiqui MN, Cao X, Khan MAR. Proline, a multifaceted signalling molecule in plant responses to abiotic stress: understanding the physiological mechanisms. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2022; 24:227-239. [PMID: 34796604 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses have a detrimental impact on plant growth and productivity and are a major threat to sustainable crop production in rapidly changing environments. Proline, an important amino acid, plays an important role in maintaining the metabolism and growth of plants under abiotic stress conditions. Many insights indicate a positive relationship between proline accumulation and tolerance of plants to various abiotic stresses. Because of its metal chelator properties, it acts as a molecular chaperone, an antioxidative defence molecule that scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as having signalling behaviour to activate specific gene functions that are crucial for plant recovery from stresses. It also acts as an osmoprotectant, a potential source to acquire nitrogen as well as carbon, and plays a significant role in the flowering and development of plants. Overproduction of proline in plant cells contributes to maintaining cellular homeostasis, water uptake, osmotic adjustment and redox balance to restore the cell structures and mitigate oxidative damage. Many reports reveal that transgenic plants, particularly those overexpressing genes tailored for proline accumulation, exhibit better adaptation to abiotic stresses. Therefore, this review aims to provide a comprehensive update on proline biosynthesis and accumulation in plants and its putative regulatory roles in mediating plant defence against abiotic stresses. Additionally, the current and future directions in research concerning manipulation of proline to induce gene functions that appear promising in genetics and genomics approaches to improve plant adaptive responses under changing climate conditions are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- U K Ghosh
- Department of Agronomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - M N Islam
- Department of Agro-Processing, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - M N Siddiqui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES)-Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - X Cao
- School of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, China
| | - M A R Khan
- Department of Agronomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
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16
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García de la Torre VS, Coba de la Peña T, Lucas MM, Pueyo JJ. Transgenic Medicago truncatula Plants That Accumulate Proline Display Enhanced Tolerance to Cadmium Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:829069. [PMID: 35154232 PMCID: PMC8826176 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.829069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) accumulation in agricultural soils constitutes a serious problem for crop yields and food safety. It is known that proline (Pro) can rapidly accumulate in plant tissues in response to abiotic stress. To analyze the potential protective effect of Pro accumulation against Cd toxicity, we compared the response to Cd stress of wild-type (WT) Medicago truncatula and a transgenic line that we had previously obtained and characterized (p18), which expressed the Δ 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase gene from Vigna aconitifolia (VaP5CS), and accumulated high Pro levels. Cadmium significantly reduced germination of WT seeds compared to p18 seeds, and seedling relative root growth, a valid indicator of metal tolerance, was significantly higher for p18 than WT seedlings. We analyzed the relative expression of genes related to Pro metabolism, phytochelatin biosynthesis. antioxidant machinery, and NADPH recycling, which are relevant mechanisms in the response to Cd stress. They presented differential expression in the seedlings of both genotypes both under control conditions and under Cd stress, suggesting that the Cd response mechanisms might be constitutively activated in the transgenic line. Pro accumulation promoted higher survival, enhanced growth performance, and minor nutrient imbalance in transgenic p18 plants compared to WT plants. These facts, together with the recorded gluthatione levels, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activities strongly suggested that VaP5CS expression and Pro accumulation conferred enhanced Cd tolerance to M. truncatula p18 plants, which was likely mediated by changes in Pro metabolism, increased phytochelatin biosynthesis and a more efficient antioxidant response. Moreover, p18 roots accumulated significantly higher Cd amounts than WT roots, while Cd translocation to the aerial part was similar to WT plants, thus suggesting that high Pro levels increased not only Cd tolerance, but also Cd phytostabilization by rhizosequestration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Teodoro Coba de la Peña
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), La Serena, Chile
- *Correspondence: Teodoro Coba de la Peña,
| | - M. Mercedes Lucas
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientiíficas (ICA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- M. Mercedes Lucas,
| | - José J. Pueyo
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientiíficas (ICA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- José J. Pueyo,
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17
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Ghosh UK, Islam MN, Siddiqui MN, Khan MAR. Understanding the roles of osmolytes for acclimatizing plants to changing environment: a review of potential mechanism. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2021; 16:1913306. [PMID: 34134596 PMCID: PMC8244753 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2021.1913306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses are significant environmental issues that restrict plant growth, productivity, and survival while also posing a threat to global food production and security. Plants produce compatible solutes known as osmolytes to adapt themselves in such changing environment. Osmolytes contribute to homeostasis maintenance, provide the driving gradient for water uptake, maintain cell turgor by osmotic adjustment, and redox metabolism to remove excess level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reestablish the cellular redox balance as well as protect cellular machinery from osmotic stress and oxidative damage. Perceiving the mechanisms how plants interpret environmental signals and transmit them to cellular machinery to activate adaptive responses is important for crop improvement programs to get stress-tolerant varieties. A large number of studies conducted in the last few decades have shown that osmolytes accumulate in plants and have strong associations with abiotic stress tolerance. Production of abundant osmolytes is needed for tolerance in many plant species. In addition, transgenic plants overexpressing genes for different osmolytes showed enhanced tolerance to various abiotic stresses. Many important aspects of their mechanisms of action are yet to be largely identified, especially regarding the relevance and relative contribution of specific osmolytes to the stress tolerance of a given species. Therefore, more efforts and resources should be invested in the study of the abiotic stress responses of plants in their natural habitats. The present review focuses on the possible roles and mechanisms of osmolytes and their association toward abiotic stress tolerance in plants. This review would help the readers in learning more about osmolytes and how they behave in changing environments as well as getting an idea of how this knowledge could be applied to develop stress tolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uttam Kumar Ghosh
- Department of Agronomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Nahidul Islam
- Department of Agro-Processing, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Nurealam Siddiqui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (Inres)-plant Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Md. Arifur Rahman Khan
- Department of Agronomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
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18
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Singh S, Kumar V, Datta S, Dhanjal DS, Singh S, Kumar S, Kapoor D, Prasad R, Singh J. Physiological responses, tolerance, and remediation strategies in plants exposed to metalloids. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:40233-40248. [PMID: 32748354 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10293-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Metalloids are a subset of particular concern to risk assessors and toxicologists because of their well-documented potential hazards to plant system. Most of the metalloids are major environmental contaminants which affect crop productivity when present in high concentrations in soil. Metalloids are coupled with carrier proteins of the plasma membrane and translocated to various organs causing changes in key metabolic processes, damages cell biomolecules, and finally inhibit its growth. Phytoremediation-based approaches help in understanding the molecular and biochemical mechanisms for prerequisite recombinant genetic approaches. Recent advancements in proteomics and plant genomics help in understanding the role of transcription factors, metabolites, and genes in plant system which confers metal tolerance. The present review summarizes our current status of knowledge in this direction related to various physiological responses, detoxification mechanisms, and remediation strategies of metalloids in crop plants in relation to plant-metalloid tolerance. Further, the role of various transcription factors and miRNAs in conferring metal tolerance is also briefed. Hence, the present review mainly focused on the alterations in the physiological activities of plants due to metalloid toxicity and the various mechanisms which get activated inside the plants to mitigate their toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simranjeet Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
- Punjab Biotechnology Incubator (PBTI), Phase-V, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, 160059, India
- RAWTL, Department of Water Supply and Sanitation, Phase-II, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, 160054, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Regional Ayurveda Research Institute for Drug Development, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, 474009, India
| | - Shivika Datta
- Department of Zoology, Doaba College Jalandhar, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144001, India
| | - Daljeet Singh Dhanjal
- Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Satyender Singh
- RAWTL, Department of Water Supply and Sanitation, Phase-II, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, 160054, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Punjab Biotechnology Incubator (PBTI), Phase-V, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, 160059, India
- RAWTL, Department of Water Supply and Sanitation, Phase-II, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, 160054, India
| | - Dhriti Kapoor
- Department of Botany, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Ram Prasad
- Department of Botany, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Motihari, Bihar, India.
| | - Joginder Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India.
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19
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Changes in Proline Levels during Seed Development of Orthodox and Recalcitrant Seeds of Genus Acer in a Climate Change Scenario. FORESTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/f11121362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we examined the utility of proline usage as a biochemical indicator of metabolic changes caused by climate change (mean temperature and precipitation) during seed development of two Acer species differing in desiccation tolerance: Norway maple (Acer platanoides L.—desiccation tolerant—orthodox) and sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus L.—desiccation sensitive—recalcitrant). In plants, proline is an element of the antioxidant system, which has a role in response to water loss and high temperatures. Our study considered whether proline could be treated as an indicator of tree seed viability, crucial for genetic resources conservation. Proline content was measured biweekly in developing seeds (between 11 and 23 weeks after flowering) collected in consecutive years (2017, 2018, and 2019). We showed that proline concentrations in recalcitrant seeds were positively correlated with mean two-week temperature. In contrast, in orthodox seeds no such relationship was found. Proline content proved to be sensitive to thermal-moisture conditions changes, which makes it a promising biochemical marker of seed desiccation tolerance in different climatic conditions.
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20
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Hasanuzzaman M, Bhuyan MHMB, Raza A, Hawrylak-Nowak B, Matraszek-Gawron R, Nahar K, Fujita M. Selenium Toxicity in Plants and Environment: Biogeochemistry and Remediation Possibilities. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E1711. [PMID: 33291816 PMCID: PMC7762096 DOI: 10.3390/plants9121711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is a widely distributed trace element with dual (beneficial or toxic) effects for humans, animals, and plants. The availability of Se in the soil is reliant on the structure of the parental material and the procedures succeeding to soil formation. Anthropogenic activities affect the content of Se in the environment. Although plants are the core source of Se in animal and human diet, the role of Se in plants is still debatable. A low concentration of Se can be beneficial for plant growth, development, and ecophysiology both under optimum and unfavorable environmental conditions. However, excess Se results in toxic effects, especially in Se sensitive plants, due to changing structure and function of proteins and induce oxidative/nitrosative stress, which disrupts several metabolic processes. Contrary, Se hyperaccumulators absorb and tolerate exceedingly large amounts of Se, could be potentially used to remediate, i.e., remove, transfer, stabilize, and/or detoxify Se-contaminants in the soil and groundwater. Thereby, Se-hyperaccumulators can play a dynamic role in overcoming global problem Se-inadequacy and toxicity. However, the knowledge of Se uptake and metabolism is essential for the effective phytoremediation to remove this element. Moreover, selecting the most efficient species accumulating Se is crucial for successful phytoremediation of a particular Se-contaminated area. This review emphasizes Se toxicity in plants and the environment with regards to Se biogeochemistry and phytoremediation aspects. This review follows a critical approach and stimulates thought for future research avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirza Hasanuzzaman
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | | | - Ali Raza
- Key Lab of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Wuhan 430062, China;
| | - Barbara Hawrylak-Nowak
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 15, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (B.H.-N.); (R.M.-G.)
| | - Renata Matraszek-Gawron
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 15, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (B.H.-N.); (R.M.-G.)
| | - Kamrun Nahar
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh;
| | - Masayuki Fujita
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, 2393 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
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21
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Hasanuzzaman M, Bhuyan MHMB, Raza A, Hawrylak-Nowak B, Matraszek-Gawron R, Nahar K, Fujita M. Selenium Toxicity in Plants and Environment: Biogeochemistry and Remediation Possibilities. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:plants9121711. [PMID: 33291816 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2020.104170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is a widely distributed trace element with dual (beneficial or toxic) effects for humans, animals, and plants. The availability of Se in the soil is reliant on the structure of the parental material and the procedures succeeding to soil formation. Anthropogenic activities affect the content of Se in the environment. Although plants are the core source of Se in animal and human diet, the role of Se in plants is still debatable. A low concentration of Se can be beneficial for plant growth, development, and ecophysiology both under optimum and unfavorable environmental conditions. However, excess Se results in toxic effects, especially in Se sensitive plants, due to changing structure and function of proteins and induce oxidative/nitrosative stress, which disrupts several metabolic processes. Contrary, Se hyperaccumulators absorb and tolerate exceedingly large amounts of Se, could be potentially used to remediate, i.e., remove, transfer, stabilize, and/or detoxify Se-contaminants in the soil and groundwater. Thereby, Se-hyperaccumulators can play a dynamic role in overcoming global problem Se-inadequacy and toxicity. However, the knowledge of Se uptake and metabolism is essential for the effective phytoremediation to remove this element. Moreover, selecting the most efficient species accumulating Se is crucial for successful phytoremediation of a particular Se-contaminated area. This review emphasizes Se toxicity in plants and the environment with regards to Se biogeochemistry and phytoremediation aspects. This review follows a critical approach and stimulates thought for future research avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirza Hasanuzzaman
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - M H M Borhannuddin Bhuyan
- Citrus Research Station, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Jaintapur, Sylhet 3156, Bangladesh
| | - Ali Raza
- Key Lab of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Barbara Hawrylak-Nowak
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 15, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Renata Matraszek-Gawron
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 15, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Kamrun Nahar
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Masayuki Fujita
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, 2393 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
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22
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Khatun M, Matsushima D, Rhaman MS, Okuma E, Nakamura T, Nakamura Y, Munemasa S, Murata Y. Exogenous proline enhances antioxidant enzyme activities but does not mitigate growth inhibition by selenate stress in tobacco BY-2 cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2020; 84:2281-2292. [PMID: 32729395 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2020.1799747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) causes oxidative damage to plants. Proline is accumulated as a compatible solute in plants under stress conditions and mitigates stresses. Selenate at 250 µM increased cell death and inhibited the growth of tobacco BY-2 cells while exogenous proline at 10 mM did not mitigate the inhibition by selenate. Selenate increased accumulation of Se and ROS and activities of antioxidant enzymes but not lipid peroxidation in the BY-2 cells. Proline increased Se accumulation and antioxidant enzyme activities but not either ROS accumulation or lipid peroxidation in the selenate-stressed cells. Glutathione (GSH) rather than ascorbic acid (AsA) mitigated the growth inhibition although both reduced the accumulation of ROS induced by selenate. These results indicate that proline increases both antioxidant enzyme activities and Se accumulation, which overall fails to ameliorate the growth inhibition by selenate and that the growth inhibition is not accounted for only by ROS accumulation. Abbreviations: APX: ascorbate peroxidase; AsA: ascorbic acid; BY-2: Bright Yellow-2; CAT: catalase; DAI: days after inoculation; DW: dry weight; FW: fresh weight; GSH: glutathione; ROS: reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mousumi Khatun
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University , Okayama, Japan
| | - Daiki Matsushima
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University , Okayama, Japan
| | | | - Eiji Okuma
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University , Okayama, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Nakamura
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University , Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Nakamura
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University , Okayama, Japan
| | - Shintaro Munemasa
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University , Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Murata
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University , Okayama, Japan
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23
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Zhao H, Xie X, Read P, Loseke B, Gamet S, Li W, Xu C. Biofortification with selenium and lithium improves nutraceutical properties of major winery grapes in the Midwestern United States. Int J Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hefei Zhao
- Food Processing Center Department of Food Science and Technology University of Nebraska‐Lincoln Lincoln NE 68588 USA
| | - Xiaoqing Xie
- Food Processing Center Department of Food Science and Technology University of Nebraska‐Lincoln Lincoln NE 68588 USA
| | - Paul Read
- Viticulture Program Department of Agronomy and Horticulture University of Nebraska‐Lincoln Lincoln NE 68583 USA
| | - Benjamin Loseke
- Viticulture Program Department of Agronomy and Horticulture University of Nebraska‐Lincoln Lincoln NE 68583 USA
| | - Stephen Gamet
- Viticulture Program Department of Agronomy and Horticulture University of Nebraska‐Lincoln Lincoln NE 68583 USA
| | - Wenkuan Li
- Food Processing Center Department of Food Science and Technology University of Nebraska‐Lincoln Lincoln NE 68588 USA
| | - Changmou Xu
- Food Processing Center Department of Food Science and Technology University of Nebraska‐Lincoln Lincoln NE 68588 USA
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24
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Mushtaq T, Shah AA, Akram W, Yasin NA. Synergistic ameliorative effect of iron oxide nanoparticles and Bacillus subtilis S4 against arsenic toxicity in Cucurbita moschata: polyamines, antioxidants, and physiochemical studies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2020; 22:1408-1419. [PMID: 32574074 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2020.1781052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The present study was intended to assess the potential of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) and Bacillus subtilis S4 in mitigation of arsenic (As) stress in Cucurbita moschata. Cucurbita moschata seedlings were subjected to As stress for 60 days. Reduced level of growth parameters including photosynthetic pigments, rate of photosynthesis and gas exchange characteristics was observed in seedlings subjected to As stress. However, IONPs and B. subtilis S4 improved growth attributes and proline contents in supplemented C. moschata seedlings. Bacillus subtilis S4 inoculated seedlings showed higher activity of peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) under As toxicity. Similarly, the co-application of IONPs and B. subtilis S4 further increased the activity of these antioxidative enzymes. The As stress alleviation in inoculated C. moschata seedlings is credited to reduced levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA) and electrolyte leakage (EL) in IONPs and B. subtilis S4-treated plants. Furthermore, synergism between plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) and IONPs enhanced the biosynthesis of stress mitigating polyamines including spermidine and putrescine in As-stressed seedlings. Current research reveals that synergistic application of IONPs and B. subtilis S4 is an effective sustainable and ecofriendly approach for alleviation of As stress in C. moschata seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarifa Mushtaq
- Department of Botany, University of Narowal, Narowal, Pakistan
| | - Anis Ali Shah
- Department of Botany, University of Narowal, Narowal, Pakistan
| | - Waheed Akram
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables/Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nasim Ahmad Yasin
- Senior Superintendent Garden, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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25
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El-Beltagi HS, Mohamed HI, Sofy MR. Role of Ascorbic acid, Glutathione and Proline Applied as Singly or in Sequence Combination in Improving Chickpea Plant through Physiological Change and Antioxidant Defense under Different Levels of Irrigation Intervals. Molecules 2020; 25:E1702. [PMID: 32276352 PMCID: PMC7180974 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the harmful effects of drought stress have been be mitigated by using bioactive compounds such as antioxidants and osmolytes. In this research, pot experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of ascorbic acid, glutathione and proline on alleviating the harmful effect of drought stress in chickpea plants during season 2017. Chickpea plant seeds were soaked in ascorbic acid (0.75 mM), glutathione (0.75 mM), proline (0.75 mM) singly and/or in sequence combinations for 4 h and then planted in pots. The pots were irrigated with water after seven days (to serve as control), after 14 days (moderate drought stress) and after 28 days (severe drought stress). The sequence combination of antioxidants and proline under drought stress has not been studied yet. The results showed significantly decreased in plant growth, yielding characteristics, photosynthetic pigments and soluble protein content in response to moderate and severe drought stress. Moreover, treatment with antioxidants caused increment the antioxidant enzyme activity, non-enzymatic antioxidant (ascorbic acid and glutathione) contents and endogenous proline in stressed and unstressed plants. In conclusion, The sequence combination of antioxidants and proline caused improvement in plant growth under drought stress by up-regulating the antioxidant defense system and osmolyte synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossam S. El-Beltagi
- Agricultural Biotechnology Department, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 420, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Gamma St., P.O. Box 12613 Giza, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba I. Mohamed
- Biological and Geological Sciences Department, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Roxy, P.C.11757 Heliopolis, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud R. Sofy
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, 11884 Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
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26
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Shahid M, Saleem M, Anwar H, Khalid S, Tariq TZ, Murtaza B, Amjad M, Naeem MA. A multivariate analysis of comparative effects of heavy metals on cellular biomarkers of phytoremediation using Brassica oleracea. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2019; 22:617-627. [PMID: 31856592 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2019.1701980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The biochemical/physiological variations in plant responses to heavy metals stress govern plant's ability to phytoremediate/tolerate metals. So, the comparative effects of different types of heavy metals on various plant responses can better elucidate the mechanisms of metal toxicity and detoxification. This study compared the physiological modifications, photosynthetic performance and detoxification potential of Brassica oleracea under different levels of chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni) and selenium (Se). All the heavy metals induced a severe phytotoxicity to B. oleracea in terms of chlorophyll contents, Ni being the most toxic (76% decrease). Brassica oleracea showed high lipid oxidation: 87% and 273%, respectively in leaves and roots. Furthermore, all the metals increased the activities of catalase and peroxidase, while decreased superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase. Interestingly, heavy metals decreased hydrogen peroxide contents perhaps due to their possible transformation to another form of reactive oxygen species such as hydroxyl radical. Among the three metals, Ni was more phytotoxic than Cr and Se. Moreover, the phytoremediation/tolerance potential of B. oleracea to Ni, Cr and Se stress varied with the type of metal, their applied levels, response variables and plant organ type (root/shoot). The multivariate analysis separated different plant response variables and heavy metal treatments into different groups based on their correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Mazhar Saleem
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Hasnain Anwar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Sana Khalid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari, Pakistan
| | | | - Behzad Murtaza
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Amjad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asif Naeem
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari, Pakistan
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27
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Salinity Stress Responses and Adaptation Mechanisms in Eukaryotic Green Microalgae. Cells 2019; 8:cells8121657. [PMID: 31861232 PMCID: PMC6952985 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
High salinity is a challenging environmental stress for organisms to overcome. Unicellular photosynthetic microalgae are especially vulnerable as they have to grapple not only with ionic imbalance and osmotic stress but also with the generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) interfering with photosynthesis. This review attempts to compare and contrast mechanisms that algae, particularly the eukaryotic Chlamydomonas microalgae, exhibit in order to immediately respond to harsh conditions caused by high salinity. The review also collates adaptation mechanisms of freshwater algae strains under persistent high salt conditions. Understanding both short-term and long-term algal responses to high salinity is integral to further fundamental research in algal biology and biotechnology.
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28
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Meena M, Divyanshu K, Kumar S, Swapnil P, Zehra A, Shukla V, Yadav M, Upadhyay RS. Regulation of L-proline biosynthesis, signal transduction, transport, accumulation and its vital role in plants during variable environmental conditions. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02952. [PMID: 31872123 PMCID: PMC6909094 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In response to various environmental stresses, many plant species synthesize L-proline in the cytosol and accumulates in the chloroplasts. L-Proline accumulation in plants is a well-recognized physiological reaction to osmotic stress prompted by salinity, drought and other abiotic stresses. L-Proline plays several protective functions such as osmoprotectant, stabilizing cellular structures, enzymes, and scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS), and keeps up redox balance in adverse situations. In addition, ample-studied osmoprotective capacity, L-proline has been also ensnared in the regulation of plant improvement, including flowering, pollen, embryo, and leaf enlargement. Scope and conclusions Albeit, ample is now well-known about L-proline metabolism, but certain characteristics of its biological roles are still indistinct. In the present review, we discuss the L-proline accumulation, metabolism, signaling, transport and regulation in the plants. We also discuss the effects of exogenous L-proline during different environmental conditions. L-Proline biosynthesis and catabolism are controlled by several cellular mechanisms, of which we identify only very fewer mechanisms. So, in the future, there is a requirement to identify such types of cellular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Meena
- Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, 313001, India.,Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Kumari Divyanshu
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Prashant Swapnil
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.,International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Andleeb Zehra
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Vaishali Shukla
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Mukesh Yadav
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - R S Upadhyay
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
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29
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Zhang C, Xu B, Geng W, Shen Y, Xuan D, Lai Q, Shen C, Jin C, Yu C. Comparative proteomic analysis of pepper ( Capsicum annuum L.) seedlings under selenium stress. PeerJ 2019; 7:e8020. [PMID: 31799069 PMCID: PMC6884995 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element for human and animal health. Se fertilizer has been used to increase the Se content in crops to meet the Se requirements in humans and animals. To address the challenge of Se poisoning in plants, the mechanisms underlying Se-induced stress in plants must be understood. Here, to elucidate the effects of Se stress on the protein levels in pepper, we used an integrated approach involving tandem mass tag labeling, high performance liquid chromatography fractionation, and mass spectrometry-based analysis. A total of 4,693 proteins were identified, 3,938 of which yielded quantitative information. Among them, the expression of 172 proteins was up-regulated, and the expression of 28 proteins was down-regulated in the Se/mock treatment comparison. According to the above data, we performed a systematic bioinformatics analysis of all identified proteins and differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). The DEPs were most strongly associated with the terms “metabolic process,” “posttranslational modification, protein turnover, chaperones,” and “protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum” according to Gene Ontology, eukaryotic orthologous groups classification, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis, respectively. Furthermore, several heat shock proteins were identified as DEPs. These results provide insights that may facilitate further studies on the pepper proteome expressed downstream of the Se stress response. Our data revealed that the responses of pepper to Se stress involve various pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghao Zhang
- Institute of Agricultural Equipment, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Labortatory of Creative Agricultrue, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Baoyu Xu
- Institute of Agricultural Equipment, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Geng
- Vegetable Research Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yunde Shen
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dongji Xuan
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qixian Lai
- Key Labortatory of Creative Agricultrue, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chenjia Shen
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chengwu Jin
- School of Food Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Chenliang Yu
- Institute of Agricultural Equipment, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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30
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Wang Y, Ye X, Yang K, Shi Z, Wang N, Yang L, Chen J. Characterization, expression, and functional analysis of polyamine oxidases and their role in selenium-induced hydrogen peroxide production in Brassica rapa. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:4082-4093. [PMID: 30761554 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selenium (Se)-induced phytotoxicity has been linked to oxidative injury triggered by the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the disturbance of anti-oxidative systems. However, the way Se stress induces hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) production in plants is a long-standing question. Here we identified the role of polyamine oxidase (PAO) in H2 O2 production in the root of Brassica rapa upon Se stress. RESULTS Studying Se-induced growth inhibition, H2 O2 accumulation, and oxidative injury in the root of Brassica rapa, we found that excessive Se exposure resulted in a remarkable increase in PAO activity. Inhibition of PAO activity led to decreased H2 O2 content and alleviated oxidative injury in the Se-treated root. These results indicated that Se stress induced PAO-dependent H2 O2 production. A total of six BrPAO family members were discovered in the genome of B. rapa by in silico analysis. Se stress pronouncedly upregulated the expression of most BrPAOs and further transient expression analysis proved that it could lead to H2 O2 production. CONCLUSION These results suggest that Se stress upregulates the expression of a set of BrPAOs which further enhances PAO activity, contributing to H2 O2 generation in roots. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhu Wang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiefeng Ye
- Tobacco Science College/National Tobacco Cultivation and Physiology and Biochemistry Research Centre/Key Laboratory for Tobacco Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kang Yang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiqi Shi
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Central Laboratory, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Lifei Yang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
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31
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Kolbert Z, Molnár Á, Feigl G, Van Hoewyk D. Plant selenium toxicity: Proteome in the crosshairs. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 232:291-300. [PMID: 30544054 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The metalloid element, selenium (Se) is in many ways special and perhaps because of this its research in human and plant systems is of great interest. Despite its non-essentiality, higher plants take it up and metabolize it via sulfur pathways, but higher amounts of Se cause toxic symptoms in plants. However, the molecular mechanisms of selenium phytotoxicity have been only partly revealed; the data obtained so far point out that Se toxicity targets the plant proteome. Besides seleno- and oxyproteins, nitroproteins are also formed due to Se stress. In order to minimize proteomic damages induced by Se, certain plants are able to redirect selenocysteine away from protein synthesis thus preventing Se-protein formation. Additionally, the damaged or malformed selenoproteins, oxyproteins and nitroproteins may be removed by proteasomes. Based on the literature this review sets Se toxicity mechanisms into a new concept and it draws attention to the importance of Se-induced protein-level changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Kolbert
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, 6726 Szeged Közép fasor 52, Hungary.
| | - Á Molnár
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, 6726 Szeged Közép fasor 52, Hungary.
| | - G Feigl
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, 6726 Szeged Közép fasor 52, Hungary.
| | - D Van Hoewyk
- Department of Biology, Coastal Carolina University, Conway, SC 29526, USA.
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32
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Shahid M, Niazi NK, Khalid S, Murtaza B, Bibi I, Rashid MI. A critical review of selenium biogeochemical behavior in soil-plant system with an inference to human health. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 234:915-934. [PMID: 29253832 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element for humans and animals, although controversial for different plant species. There exists a narrow line between essential, beneficial and toxic levels of Se to living organisms which greatly varies with Se speciation, as well as the type of living organisms. Therefore, it is crucial to monitor its solid- and solution-phase speciation, exposure levels and pathways to living organisms. Consumption of Se-laced food (cereals, vegetables, legumes and pulses) is the prime source of Se exposure to humans. Thus, it is imperative to assess the biogeochemical behavior of Se in soil-plant system with respect to applied levels and speciation, which ultimately affect Se status in humans. Based on available relevant literature, this review traces a plausible link among (i) Se levels, sources, speciation, bioavailability, and effect of soil chemical properties on selenium bioavailability/speciation in soil; (ii) role of different protein transporters in soil-root-shoot transfer of Se; and (iii) speciation, metabolism, phytotoxicity and detoxification of Se inside plants. The toxic and beneficial effects of Se to plants have been discussed with respect to speciation and toxic/deficient concentration of Se. We highlight the significance of various enzymatic (catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione peroxidase) and non-enzymatic (phytochelatins and glutathione) antioxidants which help combat Se-induced overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The review also delineates Se accumulation in edible plant parts from soils containing low or high Se levels; elucidates associated health disorders or risks due to the consumption of Se-deficient or Se-rich foods; discusses the potential role of Se in different human disorders/diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari 61100, Pakistan.
| | - Nabeel Khan Niazi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; MARUM and Department of Geosciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, D-28359, Germany; Southern Cross GeoScience, Southern Cross University, Lismore 2480, NSW, Australia.
| | - Sana Khalid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari 61100, Pakistan
| | - Behzad Murtaza
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari 61100, Pakistan
| | - Irshad Bibi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; Southern Cross GeoScience, Southern Cross University, Lismore 2480, NSW, Australia
| | - Muhammad Imtiaz Rashid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari 61100, Pakistan; Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Vezza ME, Llanes A, Travaglia C, Agostini E, Talano MA. Arsenic stress effects on root water absorption in soybean plants: Physiological and morphological aspects. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 123:8-17. [PMID: 29220736 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max L.) is often cultivated in areas contaminated with arsenic (As), which negatively affects plant growth and reduces crop yield. The deleterious effects may be due, at least in part, to disturbances in the water status, as was reported for some plants exposed to heavy metals. However, to our knowledge, these mechanisms have not been studied in depth in soybean plants exposed to As. The aim of the present work was to analyze possible changes in water relations and the responses developed in soybean plants under arsenate (AsV) and arsenite (AsIII) stress. We discuss physiological and morphological aspects of the As stress response, such as root absorption rate, water content, stomatal conductance, water and osmotic potential, accumulation of compatible solutes, leaf conducting tissues and stomata characteristics. AsV and AsIII caused a significant decrease in root absorption rate, which could reduce metalloid uptake. On the other hand, water content decreased at the beginning of the treatment but was re-established after 4 and 8 d. This was correlated with a decrease in stomatal conductance and a reduction in leaf water and osmotic potential due to the accumulation of proline and soluble sugars. Besides, smaller leaf xylem vessels and abnormal stomata were observed in plants under As treatment. These mechanisms increased the plant's ability to retain water and therefore to avoid dehydration. Thus, the results of the present work contribute to the understanding of how soybean responds to As, by describing key tolerance strategies to the metalloid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana E Vezza
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, FCEFQyN, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, CP 5800 Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
| | - Analía Llanes
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, FCEFQyN, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, CP 5800 Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
| | - Claudia Travaglia
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, FCEFQyN, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, CP 5800 Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
| | - Elizabeth Agostini
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, FCEFQyN, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, CP 5800 Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
| | - Melina A Talano
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, FCEFQyN, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, CP 5800 Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
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Abbas G, Murtaza B, Bibi I, Shahid M, Niazi NK, Khan MI, Amjad M, Hussain M, Natasha. Arsenic Uptake, Toxicity, Detoxification, and Speciation in Plants: Physiological, Biochemical, and Molecular Aspects. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E59. [PMID: 29301332 PMCID: PMC5800158 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15010059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Environmental contamination with arsenic (As) is a global environmental, agricultural and health issue due to the highly toxic and carcinogenic nature of As. Exposure of plants to As, even at very low concentration, can cause many morphological, physiological, and biochemical changes. The recent research on As in the soil-plant system indicates that As toxicity to plants varies with its speciation in plants (e.g., arsenite, As(III); arsenate, As(V)), with the type of plant species, and with other soil factors controlling As accumulation in plants. Various plant species have different mechanisms of As(III) or As(V) uptake, toxicity, and detoxification. This review briefly describes the sources and global extent of As contamination and As speciation in soil. We discuss different mechanisms responsible for As(III) and As(V) uptake, toxicity, and detoxification in plants, at physiological, biochemical, and molecular levels. This review highlights the importance of the As-induced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as their damaging impacts on plants at biochemical, genetic, and molecular levels. The role of different enzymatic (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, and ascorbate peroxidase) and non-enzymatic (salicylic acid, proline, phytochelatins, glutathione, nitric oxide, and phosphorous) substances under As(III/V) stress have been delineated via conceptual models showing As translocation and toxicity pathways in plant species. Significantly, this review addresses the current, albeit partially understood, emerging aspects on (i) As-induced physiological, biochemical, and genotoxic mechanisms and responses in plants and (ii) the roles of different molecules in modulation of As-induced toxicities in plants. We also provide insight on some important research gaps that need to be filled to advance our scientific understanding in this area of research on As in soil-plant systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Abbas
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari-61100, Pakistan; (G.A.); (B.M.); (M.A.); (N.)
| | - Behzad Murtaza
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari-61100, Pakistan; (G.A.); (B.M.); (M.A.); (N.)
| | - Irshad Bibi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; (I.B.); (M.I.K.); (M.H.)
- MARUM and Department of Geosciences, University of Bremen, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari-61100, Pakistan; (G.A.); (B.M.); (M.A.); (N.)
| | - Nabeel Khan Niazi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; (I.B.); (M.I.K.); (M.H.)
- MARUM and Department of Geosciences, University of Bremen, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
- Southern Cross GeoScience, Southern Cross University, Lismore 2480, Australia
| | - Muhammad Imran Khan
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; (I.B.); (M.I.K.); (M.H.)
| | - Muhammad Amjad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari-61100, Pakistan; (G.A.); (B.M.); (M.A.); (N.)
| | - Munawar Hussain
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; (I.B.); (M.I.K.); (M.H.)
| | - Natasha
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari-61100, Pakistan; (G.A.); (B.M.); (M.A.); (N.)
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Mostofa MG, Hossain MA, Siddiqui MN, Fujita M, Tran LS. Phenotypical, physiological and biochemical analyses provide insight into selenium-induced phytotoxicity in rice plants. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 178:212-223. [PMID: 28324842 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the phenotypical, physiological and biochemical changes of rice plants exposed to high selenium (Se) concentrations to gain an insight into Se-induced phytotoxicity. Results showed that exposure of rice plants to excessive Se resulted in growth retardation and biomass reduction in connection with the decreased levels of chlorophyll, carotenoids and soluble proteins. The reduced water status and an associated increase in sugar and proline levels indicated Se-induced osmotic stress in rice plants. Measurements of Se contents in roots, leaf sheaths and leaves revealed that Se was highly accumulated in leaves followed by leaf sheaths and roots. Se also potentiated its toxicity by impairing oxidative metabolism, as evidenced by enhanced accumulation of hydrogen peroxide, superoxide and lipid peroxidation product. Se toxicity also displayed a desynchronized antioxidant system by elevating the level of glutathione and the activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione-S-transferase and glutathione peroxidase, whereas decreasing the level of ascorbic acid and the activities of catalase, glutathione reductase and dehydroascorbate reductase. Furthermore, Se triggered methylglyoxal toxicity by inhibiting the activities of glyoxalases I and II, particularly at higher concentrations of Se. Collectively, our results suggest that excessive Se caused phytotoxic effects on rice plants by inducing chlorosis, reducing sugar, protein and antioxidant contents, and exacerbating oxidative stress and methylglyoxal toxicity. Accumulation levels of Se, proline and glutathione could be considered as efficient biomarkers to indicate degrees of Se-induced phytotoxicity in rice, and perhaps in other crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Golam Mostofa
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangabandhu Shiekh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Anwar Hossain
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Nurealam Siddiqui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangabandhu Shiekh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Masayuki Fujita
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan.
| | - Lam-Son Tran
- Plant Abiotic Stress Research Group & Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Signaling Pathway Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.
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dos Reis AR, El-Ramady H, Santos EF, Gratão PL, Schomburg L. Overview of Selenium Deficiency and Toxicity Worldwide: Affected Areas, Selenium-Related Health Issues, and Case Studies. PLANT ECOPHYSIOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-56249-0_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Gupta S, Gupta M. Alleviation of selenium toxicity in Brassica juncea L.: salicylic acid-mediated modulation in toxicity indicators, stress modulators, and sulfur-related gene transcripts. PROTOPLASMA 2016; 253:1515-1528. [PMID: 26573535 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-015-0908-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The present work reveals the response of different doses of selenium (Se) and alleviating effect of salicylic acid (SA) on Se-stressed Brassica juncea seedlings. Selenium, a micronutrient, is essential for both humans and animals but is toxic at higher doses. Its beneficial role for the survival of plants, however, is still debatable. On the other hand, SA, a phenolic compound, is known to have specific responses under environmental stresses. Experiments were conducted using leaves of hydroponically grown seedlings of Pusa bold (PB) variety of B. juncea, treated with different concentrations of Se (50, 150, 300 μM) for 24- and 96-h exposure times. Increasing Se concentrations inhibited growth and, caused lipid peroxidation, concomitantly increased stress modulators (proline, cysteine, SOD, CAT) along with sulfur-related gene transcripts (LAST, APS, APR, GR, OASL, MT-2, PCS) in Brassica seedlings. On the basis of the above studied parameters, maximum inhibition in growth was observed at 300 μM Se after 96-h exposure time. Further, co-application of SA along with 300 μM Se helped to mitigate Se stress, as shown by improved levels of growth parameters, toxicity indicators (chlorophyll, protein, MDA), stress modulators (proline, cysteine, SOD, and CAT), and expression of sulfur-related genes as compared to Se-treated seedlings alone. Altogether, this study revealed that Se + SA combinations improved seedling morphology and were effective in alleviation of Se stress in PB variety of B. juncea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Gupta
- Ecotoxicogenomics Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Meetu Gupta
- Ecotoxicogenomics Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, 110025, India.
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Wani AS, Ahmad A, Hayat S, Tahir I. Is foliar spray of proline sufficient for mitigation of salt stress in Brassica juncea cultivars? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:13413-13423. [PMID: 27026543 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6533-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The effects of foliar application of proline (20 mM) on growth, physio-biochemical, and yield parameters were assessed in two Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss cultivars, namely, Varuna and RH-30, at different levels (2.8, 4.2, or 5.6 dsm(-1)) of NaCl in soil. At 29 days after sowing (DAS), plants were sprayed with either 20 mM proline or water in the presence or absence of NaCl stress. The NaCl negatively affected parameters related to growth, photosynthesis, and yield in both varieties but more in RH-30 than in Varuna. Exogenous application of proline counteracted the effects of salt stress in Varuna only, by increasing the antioxidative capacity of the plants. Moreover, proline was not effective in alleviating the detrimental effects of higher salt concentrations on the studied parameters. Proline application to unstressed plants increased growth, photosynthesis, and yield parameters in both varieties; however, the effects were more prominent in Varuna than in RH-30.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Wani
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Research Lab, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India
| | - A Ahmad
- Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - S Hayat
- Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India.
| | - I Tahir
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Research Lab, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India
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Zouari M, Ben Ahmed C, Elloumi N, Bellassoued K, Delmail D, Labrousse P, Ben Abdallah F, Ben Rouina B. Impact of proline application on cadmium accumulation, mineral nutrition and enzymatic antioxidant defense system of Olea europaea L. cv Chemlali exposed to cadmium stress. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2016; 128:195-205. [PMID: 26946284 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Revised: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Proline plays an important role in plant response to various environmental stresses. However, its involvement in mitigation of heavy metal stress in plants remains elusive. In this study, we examined the effectiveness of exogenous proline (10 and 20 mM) in alleviating cadmium induced inhibitory effects in young olive plants (Olea europaea L. cv. Chemlali) exposed to two Cd levels (10 and 30 mg CdCl2 kg(-1) soil). The Cd treatment induced substantial accumulation of Cd in both root and leaf tissues and a decrease in gas exchange, photosynthetic pigments contents, uptake of essential elements (Ca, Mg and K) and plant biomass. Furthermore, an elevation of antioxidant enzymes activities (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxydase) and proline content in association with relatively high amounts of hydrogen peroxide, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and electrolyte leakage were observed. Interestingly, the application of exogenous proline alleviated the oxidative damage induced by Cd accumulation. In fact, Cd-stressed olive plants treated with proline showed an increase of antioxidant enzymes activities, photosynthetic activity, nutritional status, plant growth and oil content of olive fruit. Generally, it seems that proline supplementation alleviated the deleterious effects of young olive plants exposed to Cd stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Zouari
- Laboratory of Plant Biodiversity and Dynamics of Ecosystems in Arid Area, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia; Laboratory of Improvement of Olive Productivity and Fruit Trees, Olive Tree Institute of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia; University of Limoges, Laboratory of Botany and Cryptogamy, Faculty of Pharmacy of Limoges, Limoges, France.
| | - Chedlia Ben Ahmed
- Laboratory of Plant Biodiversity and Dynamics of Ecosystems in Arid Area, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia; Laboratory of Improvement of Olive Productivity and Fruit Trees, Olive Tree Institute of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Nada Elloumi
- Laboratory of Plant Biodiversity and Dynamics of Ecosystems in Arid Area, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Khaled Bellassoued
- Laboratory of Animal Ecophysiology, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - David Delmail
- Institute of Chemical Sciences of Rennes, University of Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Pascal Labrousse
- University of Limoges, Laboratory of Botany and Cryptogamy, Faculty of Pharmacy of Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Ferjani Ben Abdallah
- Laboratory of Plant Biodiversity and Dynamics of Ecosystems in Arid Area, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Bechir Ben Rouina
- Laboratory of Improvement of Olive Productivity and Fruit Trees, Olive Tree Institute of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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Zouari M, Ben Ahmed C, Zorrig W, Elloumi N, Rabhi M, Delmail D, Ben Rouina B, Labrousse P, Ben Abdallah F. Exogenous proline mediates alleviation of cadmium stress by promoting photosynthetic activity, water status and antioxidative enzymes activities of young date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2016; 128:100-8. [PMID: 26901506 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The ability of exogenous compatible solutes, such as proline, to counteract cadmium (Cd) inhibitory effects in young date palm plants (Phoenix dactylifera L. cv Deglet Nour) was investigated. Two-year-old date palm plants were subjected for five months at different Cd stress levels (0, 10 and 30 mg CdCl2 kg(-1) soil) whether supplied or not with exogenous proline (20mM) added through the irrigation water. Different levels of Cd stress altered plant growth, gas exchanges and chlorophyll content as well as water status, but at different extent among them. In contrast, an increase of antioxidant enzymes activities of Cd-treated plants in association with high amounts of proline content, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and electrolyte leakage (EL) were observed. Interestingly, exogenous proline mitigated the adverse effects of Cd on young date palm. Indeed, it alleviated the oxidative damage induced by Cd accumulation and established better levels of plant growth, water status and photosynthetic activity. Moreover, proline-treated plants showed high antioxidant enzymes activities (superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxydase) in roots and leaves as compared to Cd-treated plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zouari
- Laboratory of Plant Biodiversity and Dynamics of Ecosystems in Arid Area, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia; Laboratory of Improvement of Olive Productivity and Fruit Trees, Olive Tree Institute of Sfax, Tunisia; University of Limoges, Faculty of Pharmacy, FR 3503 GEIST, GRESE EA 4330 - Laboratory of Botany and Cryptogamy, 87025 Limoges Cedex, France.
| | - Ch Ben Ahmed
- Laboratory of Plant Biodiversity and Dynamics of Ecosystems in Arid Area, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia; Laboratory of Improvement of Olive Productivity and Fruit Trees, Olive Tree Institute of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - W Zorrig
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - N Elloumi
- Laboratory of Plant Biodiversity and Dynamics of Ecosystems in Arid Area, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - M Rabhi
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - D Delmail
- Institute of Chemical Sciences of Rennes, CNRS UMR 6226, University of Rennes 1, 2 Avenue of Professor Léon Bernard, F-35043 Rennes, France
| | - B Ben Rouina
- Laboratory of Improvement of Olive Productivity and Fruit Trees, Olive Tree Institute of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - P Labrousse
- University of Limoges, Faculty of Pharmacy, FR 3503 GEIST, GRESE EA 4330 - Laboratory of Botany and Cryptogamy, 87025 Limoges Cedex, France.
| | - F Ben Abdallah
- Laboratory of Plant Biodiversity and Dynamics of Ecosystems in Arid Area, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia
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Kaur G, Asthir B. Proline: a key player in plant abiotic stress tolerance. BIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2015; 59:609-619. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1007/s10535-015-0549-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
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Singh M, Pratap Singh V, Dubey G, Mohan Prasad S. Exogenous proline application ameliorates toxic effects of arsenate in Solanum melongena L. seedlings. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 117:164-73. [PMID: 25881134 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Hydroponic experiments were conducted to investigate an effect of exogenous application of proline (Pro; 25 µM) in alleviating arsenate (As(V); 5 and 25 µM) toxicity in Solanum melongena L. (eggplant) seedlings. Exposure of As(V) declined growth of eggplant, which was coincided with an enhanced accumulation of As. However, exogenous Pro application alleviated As(V) toxicity in eggplant seedlings by reducing the accumulation of As. The fluorescence characteristics (JIP-test): φP0, Ψ0, φE0, PIABS, ABS/RC, TR0/RC, ET0/RC, DI0/RC, NPQ and qP were also affected by As(V). However, the effects of As(V) were more prominent on PIABS DI0/RC and NPQ. In Pro treated seedlings, following parameters viz. φP0, Ψ0, φE0 and PIABS were stimulated, while, energy flux parameters (ABS/RC, TR0/RC, ET0/RC and DI0/RC) were inhibited. Toxic effects of As(V) on photochemistry of photosystem II (PS II) were ameliorated by an exogenous application of Pro. Oxidative stress markers: superoxide radical, hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde (lipid peroxidation) were enhanced by As(V) exposure, however, their levels were significantly diminished by an exogenous application of Pro. Treatment of As(V) stimulated the activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase except that of glutathione-S-transferase. Exogenous Pro application improved the activities of enzymatic antioxidants. The level of endogenous Pro was higher in As(V) treated as well as in Pro fed seedlings. The activity of a key enzyme of Pro biosynthesis: Δ(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase was higher in Pro fed seedlings. The activity of Pro dehydrogenase was inhibited under As(V) stress, and its activity was minimum in case of Pro+As(V) combination. These results indicate that Pro metabolism could play a key role in regulating the accumulation of As and levels of antioxidants, which concomitantly result into a better growth of eggplant seedlings when compared to the As(V) treatments alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhulika Singh
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211 002, India
| | - Vijay Pratap Singh
- Govt. Ramanuj Pratap Singhdev Post Graduate College, Baikunthpur, Koriya 497 335, Chhattisgarh, India.
| | - Gunjan Dubey
- Department of Botany, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, India
| | - Sheo Mohan Prasad
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211 002, India.
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Dos Reis A, Furlani Junior E, Moraes M, De Melo S. BIOFORTIFICAÇÃO AGRONÔMICA COM SELÊNIO NO BRASIL COMO ESTRATÉGIA PARA AUMENTAR A QUALIDADE DOS PRODUTOS AGRÍCOLAS. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE ENGENHARIA DE BIOSSISTEMAS 2014. [DOI: 10.18011/bioeng2014v8n2p128-138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Há fortes evidências de deficiência de selênio (Se) em solos, forragens e produtos agrícolas do Brasil. A faixa de deficiência de Se em solos varia de 100 a 600 µg kg-1, no entanto, os valores máximos encontrados, na maioria dos casos, em solos agricultáveis foram aproximadamente 210 µg kg-1. A variação genotípica das culturas para acumular Se nas partes comestíveis depende do seu teor no solo e a escolha da variedade ou cultivar com maior capacidade de absorção e acúmulo de Se pode contribuir para melhorar a qualidade dos alimentos. O Brasil possui fortes evidências de deficiência de Se na população, no entanto, nenhuma pesquisa abrangente ao nível do país sobre o assunto está disponível. Além disso, a biofortificação com Se em produtos agrícolas não faz parte do Programa HarvestPlus do Brasil. É necessário mais pesquisas relacionadas ao teor de Se no solo em diferentes estados brasileiros. Em áreas onde a biodisponibilidade de Se é baixa, uma alternativa eficiente é a suplementação de Se por meio de fertilizantes para aplicação via solo ou foliar, o que corrige os baixos níveis de Se nas pastagens, animais e humanos, como o ocorreu com sucesso na Finlândia, Nova Zelândia e Austrália.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.R. Dos Reis
- UNESP – Univ Estadual Paulista, Campus de Tupã, SP, Brasil
| | | | - M.F. Moraes
- UFMT – Univ Federal do Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, MT, Brasil
| | - S.P. De Melo
- UFMT – Univ Federal do Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, MT, Brasil
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Chen Y, Mo HZ, Zheng MY, Xian M, Qi ZQ, Li YQ, Hu LB, Chen J, Yang LF. Selenium inhibits root elongation by repressing the generation of endogenous hydrogen sulfide in Brassica rapa. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110904. [PMID: 25333279 PMCID: PMC4204939 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium (Se) has been becoming an emerging pollutant causing severe phytotoxicity, which the biochemical mechanism is rarely known. Although hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been suggested as an important exogenous regulator modulating plant physiological adaptions in response to heavy metal stress, whether and how the endogenous H2S regulates Se-induce phytotoxicity remains unclear. In this work, a self-developed specific fluorescent probe (WSP-1) was applied to track endogenous H2S in situ in the roots of Brassica rapa under Se(IV) stress. Se(IV)-induced root growth stunt was closely correlated with the inhibition of endogenous H2S generation in root tips. Se(IV) stress dampened the expression of most LCD and DCD homologues in the roots of B. rapa. By using various specific fluorescent probes for bio-imaging root tips in situ, we found that the increase in endogenous H2S by the application of H2S donor NaHS could significantly alleviate Se(IV)-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) over-accumulation, oxidative impairment, and cell death in root tips, which further resulted in the recovery of root growth under Se(IV) stress. However, dampening the endogenous H2S could block the alleviated effect of NaHS on Se(IV)-induced phytotoxicity. Finally, the increase in endogenous H2S resulted in the enhancement of glutathione (GSH) in Se(IV)-treated roots, which may share the similar molecular mechanism for the dominant role of H2S in removing ROS by activating GSH biosynthesis in mammals. Altogether, these data provide the first direct evidences confirming the pivotal role of endogenous H2S in modulating Se(IV)-induced phytotoxicity in roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Food Quality and Safety, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Hai-Zhen Mo
- Department of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan Province, China
| | - Mei-Yu Zheng
- Lishui Plant Science Base, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Xian
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Zhong-Qiang Qi
- Institute of Food Quality and Safety, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - You-Qin Li
- Institute of Food Quality and Safety, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Liang-Bin Hu
- Department of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan Province, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Institute of Food Quality and Safety, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (JC); (L-FY)
| | - Li-Fei Yang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (JC); (L-FY)
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Chen Y, Mo HZ, Hu LB, Li YQ, Chen J, Yang LF. The endogenous nitric oxide mediates selenium-induced phytotoxicity by promoting ROS generation in Brassica rapa. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110901. [PMID: 25333984 PMCID: PMC4204988 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is suggested as an emerging pollutant in agricultural environment because of the increasing anthropogenic release of Se, which in turn results in phytotoxicity. The most common consequence of Se-induced toxicity in plants is oxidative injury, but how Se induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst remains unclear. In this work, histofluorescent staining was applied to monitor the dynamics of ROS and nitric oxide (NO) in the root of Brassica rapa under Se(IV) stress. Se(IV)-induced faster accumulation of NO than ROS. Both NO and ROS accumulation were positively correlated with Se(IV)-induced inhibition of root growth. The NO accumulation was nitrate reductase (NR)- and nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-dependent while ROS accumulation was NADPH oxidase-dependent. The removal of NO by NR inhibitor, NOS inhibitor, and NO scavenger could alleviate Se(IV)-induced expression of Br_Rbohs coding for NADPH oxidase and the following ROS accumulation in roots, which further resulted in the amelioration of Se(IV)-induced oxidative injury and growth inhibition. Thus, we proposed that the endogenous NO played a toxic role in B. rapa under Se(IV) stress by triggering ROS burst. Such findings can be used to evaluate the toxic effects of Se contamination on crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Food Quality and Safety, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Hai-Zhen Mo
- Department of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan Province, China
| | - Liang-Bin Hu
- Department of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan Province, China
| | - You-Qin Li
- Institute of Food Quality and Safety, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Institute of Food Quality and Safety, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (JC); (L-FY)
| | - Li-Fei Yang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (JC); (L-FY)
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46
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Mechanisms of the Selenium Tolerance of theArabidopsis thalianaKnockout Mutant of Sulfate Transporter SULTR1;2. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 76:993-8. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.111000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Hayat S, Hayat Q, Alyemeni MN, Wani AS, Pichtel J, Ahmad A. Role of proline under changing environments: a review. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2012; 7:1456-66. [PMID: 22951402 PMCID: PMC3548871 DOI: 10.4161/psb.21949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 971] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
When exposed to stressful conditions, plants accumulate an array of metabolites, particularly amino acids. Amino acids have traditionally been considered as precursors to and constituents of proteins, and play an important role in plant metabolism and development. A large body of data suggests a positive correlation between proline accumulation and plant stress. Proline, an amino acid, plays a highly beneficial role in plants exposed to various stress conditions. Besides acting as an excellent osmolyte, proline plays three major roles during stress, i.e., as a metal chelator, an antioxidative defense molecule and a signaling molecule. Review of the literature indicates that a stressful environment results in an overproduction of proline in plants which in turn imparts stress tolerance by maintaining cell turgor or osmotic balance; stabilizing membranes thereby preventing electrolyte leakage; and bringing concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within normal ranges, thus preventing oxidative burst in plants. Reports indicate enhanced stress tolerance when proline is supplied exogenously at low concentrations. However, some reports indicate toxic effects of proline when supplied exogenously at higher concentrations. In this article, we review and discuss the effects of exogenous proline on plants exposed to various abiotic stresses. Numerous examples of successful application of exogenous proline to improve stress tolerance are presented. The roles played by exogenous proline under varying environments have been critically examined and reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamsul Hayat
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, Faculty of Science, King Saudi University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Malik JA, Kumar S, Thakur P, Sharma S, Kaur N, Kaur R, Pathania D, Bhandhari K, Kaushal N, Singh K, Srivastava A, Nayyar H. Promotion of growth in mungbean (Phaseolus aureus Roxb.) by selenium is associated with stimulation of carbohydrate metabolism. Biol Trace Elem Res 2011; 143:530-9. [PMID: 20936436 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-010-8872-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2010] [Accepted: 09/28/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The mungbean plants were grown hydroponically in the absence (control) or presence of 0.1, 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 ppm selenium (as sodium selenate) for 10 days. The growth of shoots and roots increased with application of selenium with greater extent in shoots. With 0.5 and 0.75 ppm Se levels, the shoot growth was stimulated by 24% to 27% over control, respectively, while the roots showed a corresponding increase of 18-19%, respectively. The shoot-to-root ratio was enhanced significantly with Se application and maximum effects occurred at 0.75 ppm Se. A significant increase was observed in chlorophyll and cellular respiration ability with 0.5 and 0.75 ppm selenium. The increase in growth by selenium was accompanied by elevation of starch, sucrose and reducing sugars. The activity of starch hydrolysing enzymes--amylases and sucrose hydrolysing enzyme--invertase was stimulated significantly with selenium. This was associated with elevation of activities of sucrose synthesising enzymes--sucrose synthase and sucrose phosphate synthase. It was concluded that increase in growth of shoots and roots by application of Se was possibly the result of up-regulation of enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism thus providing energy substrates for enhanced growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahid Ali Malik
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160 014, India
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Kaushal N, Gupta K, Bhandhari K, Kumar S, Thakur P, Nayyar H. Proline induces heat tolerance in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) plants by protecting vital enzymes of carbon and antioxidative metabolism. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2011; 17:203-13. [PMID: 23573011 PMCID: PMC3550571 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-011-0078-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Chickpea is a heat sensitive crop hence its potential yield is considerably reduced under high temperatures exceeding 35 °C. In the present study, we evaluated the efficacy of proline in countering the damage caused by heat stress to growth and to enzymes of carbon and antioxidative metabolism in chickpea. The chickpea seeds were raised without (control) and with proline (10 μM) at temperatures of 30/25 °C, 35/30 °C, 40/35 °C and 45/40 °C as day/ night (12 h/12 h) in a growth chamber. The shoot and root length at 40/35 °C decreased by 46 and 37 %, respectively over control while at 45/40 °C, a decrease of 63 and 47 %, respectively over control was observed. In the plants growing in the presence of 10 μM proline at 40/35 °C and 45/40 °C, the shoot length showed improvement of 32 and 53 %, respectively over untreated plants, while the root growth was improved by 22 and 26 %, respectively. The stress injury (as membrane damage) increased with elevation of temperatures while cellular respiration, chlorophyll content and relative leaf water content reduced as the temperature increased to 45/40 °C. The endogenous proline was elevated to 46 μmol g(-1) dw at 40/35 °C but declined to 19 μmol g(-1) dw in plants growing at 45/40 °C that was associated with considerable inhibition of growth at this temperature. The oxidative damage measured as malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide content increased manifolds in heat stressed plants coupled with inhibition in the activities of enzymatic (superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase) and levels of non-enzymatic (ascorbic acid, glutathione, proline) antioxidants. The enzymes associated with carbon fixation (RUBISCO), sucrose synthesis (sucrose phosphate synthase) and sucrose hydrolysis (invertase) were strongly inhibited at 45/40 °C. The plants growing in the presence of proline accumulated proline up to 63 μmol g(-1) dw and showed less injury to membranes, had improved content of chlorophyll and water, especially at 45/40 °C. Additionally, the oxidative injury was significantly reduced coupled with elevated levels of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. A significant improvement was also noticed in the activities of enzymes of carbon metabolism in proline-treated plants. We report here that proline imparts partial heat tolerance to chickpea's growth by reducing the cellular injury and protection of some vital enzymes related to carbon and oxidative metabolism and exogenous application of proline appears to have a countering effect against elevated high temperatures on chickpea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeru Kaushal
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014 India
| | - Kriti Gupta
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014 India
| | - Kalpna Bhandhari
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014 India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014 India
| | - Prince Thakur
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014 India
| | - Harsh Nayyar
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014 India
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50
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Hasanuzzam M, Hossain MA, Fujita M. Selenium in Higher Plants: Physiological Role, Antioxidant Metabolism and Abiotic Stress Tolerance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.3923/jps.2010.354.375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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