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Mazaheri-Tehrani S, Abhari AP, Ostadsharif N, Shekarian A, Vali M, Saffari E, Anaraki KT, Haghighatpanah MA, Fakhrolmobasheri M, Kieliszek M. Serum Selenium Levels and Lipid Profile: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04365-4. [PMID: 39256333 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04365-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 09/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
Selenium is a trace element with pivotal roles in metabolic processes. Studies suggested that selenium deficiency could lead to impaired lipid profiles. However, inconsistent results have been reported regarding the association between serum selenium concentrations and lipid profile (triglycerides, LDL, HDL, VLDL, and total cholesterol). Thus, we aimed to review the correlation between them. A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar until 31 December 2023. The relevant correlation coefficients were used as desired effect sizes to assess the correlation between selenium level and lipid profile. Among 8291 records found in the primary search, 47 and 34 articles were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis, respectively. All included studies were observational investigations and had acceptable quality. Our results failed to reach strong evidence supporting the correlation between serum selenium level and lipid profiles, except for HDL, which showed a weak correlation among both adults (r = 0.1 [0.03:0.17]; I2 = 71%) and pediatrics (r = 0.08 [0.03:0.14]; I2 = 38%). Subgroup analyses based on gender did not reveal a significant or strong correlation with selenium levels (except for total cholesterol in males (r = 0.12 [0.01:0.22]; I2 = 52%)). The results did not change after the sensitivity analysis. Although some previous studies have suggested that selenium deficiency could lead to impaired lipid profile, the findings of this study indicate no strong correlation between serum selenium levels and lipid profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadegh Mazaheri-Tehrani
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
- Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Amir Parsa Abhari
- Heart Failure Research Center, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Negar Ostadsharif
- Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Arman Shekarian
- Isfahan Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahshad Vali
- School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Elahe Saffari
- Isfahan Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Kasra Talebi Anaraki
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Haghighatpanah
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Chamran Heart Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Fakhrolmobasheri
- Heart Failure Research Center, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Marek Kieliszek
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.
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Zajkowska I, Niczyporuk P, Urbaniak A, Tomaszek N, Modzelewski S, Waszkiewicz N. Investigating the Impacts of Diet, Supplementation, Microbiota, Gut-Brain Axis on Schizophrenia: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:2228. [PMID: 39064675 PMCID: PMC11279812 DOI: 10.3390/nu16142228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a disease with a complex etiology that significantly impairs the functioning of patients. In recent years, there has been increasing focus on the importance of the gut microbiota in the context of the gut-brain axis. In our study, we analyzed data on the gut-brain axis in relation to schizophrenia, as well as the impacts of eating habits, the use of various supplements, and diets on schizophrenia. Additionally, the study investigated the impact of antipsychotics on the development of metabolic disorders, such as diabetes, dyslipidemia, and obesity. There may be significant clinical benefits to be gained from therapies supported by supplements such as omega-3 fatty acids, B vitamins, and probiotics. The results suggest the need for a holistic approach to the treatment of schizophrenia, incorporating both drug therapy and dietary interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Stefan Modzelewski
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Bialystok, pl. Wołodyjowskiego 2, 15-272 Białystok, Poland; (I.Z.); (N.W.)
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Tang M, Zhao T, Liu T, Dang R, Cai H, Wang Y. Nutrition and schizophrenia: associations worthy of continued revaluation. Nutr Neurosci 2024; 27:528-546. [PMID: 37565574 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2023.2233176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence have shown that diet and nutrition play significant roles in mental illness, such as depression, anxiety and bipolar disorder. However, comprehensive evaluation of the relationship between nutrition and schizophrenia is lacking. OBJECTIVE The present review aims to synthetic elaborate the associations between nutrition and schizophrenia. Relevant studies on dietary patterns, macronutrients, micronutrients were performed through a literature search to synthesize the extracted data. SUMMARY Dietary interventions may help prevent the occurrence of schizophrenia, or delay symptoms: Healthy diets like nutritious plant-based foods and high-quality protein, have been linked to reducing the risk or symptoms of schizophrenia. Moreover, diet high in saturated fat and sugar is linked to more serious outcomes of schizophrenia. Additionally, when N-acetylcysteine acts as an adjuvant therapy, the overall symptoms of schizophrenia are significantly reduced. Also nascent evidence showed mental disorders may be related to intestinal microbiota dysfunction. Our study offered important insights into the dietary habits of patients with schizophrenia and the potential impact of nutritional factors on the disease. We also emphasized the need for further research, particularly in the form of large randomized double-blind controlled trials, to better understand the effects of nutrients on schizophrenia symptoms in different populations and disease types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mimi Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
- Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingyu Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
- Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
- Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruili Dang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, People's Republic of China
| | - Hualin Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
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Deng Q, Wei Y, Liu K, Wu D, Zhu X, Xu M, Bai Y. Essential metals modified the effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on the metabolic syndrome: Mediation effects of miRNA. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167506. [PMID: 37788778 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) prevalence has increased dramatically worldwide and has become a public health issue. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were identified as risk factors of MetS, while essential metals are integral parts of metalloenzymes catalyzing metabolic processes. However, effects of co-exposure to PAHs and essential metals have not been investigated yet. We aimed to assess whether essential metals could modify the hazard effects of PAHs on MetS, and underlying mediation effects of microRNA (miRNAs) were further explored. A cross-sectional study of 1451 males including 278 MetS cases was conducted. Internal exposure levels of 5 classes of PAH metabolites, 7 essential metals, as well as expressions of PAHs-associated 8 plasma miRNAs were assessed. Multiple exposure models, Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR), and quantile g-computation (QGcomp) were used simultaneously to identify MetS-related critical chemicals. Mutual effect modification between chemicals and mediation effects of miRNAs on chemical-MetS association was testified. In this study, hydroxyphenanthrene (OHPhe) and selenium (Se) were consistently identified as MetS-related key chemicals in three statistical methods. OHPhe was positively associated with MetS [OR (95 % CI) = 1.79 (1.21, 2.65), P = 0.004], while Se had a negative relationship with MetS [OR (95 % CI) = 0.61 (0.43, 0.87), P = 0.007]. Effect modification analysis observed the association between OHPhe and MetS was weakened with increased Se exposure. Only the expression of miR-24-3p was negatively associated with MetS [OR (95 % CI) = 0.81 (0.66, 0.95), P = 0.048] and could mediate 16.1 % of OHPhe-MetS association in subjects with low Se exposure (≤0.87 μg/mmol creatinine) (P = 0.019). We found a mutual effect modification between OHPhe and Se on MetS, and the positive OHPhe-MetS association was attenuated with increased Se exposure. Mediation effects of miR-24-3p on OHPhe-MetS association were dependent on Se dose. Our findings may provide new insight into the prevention and intervention of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifei Deng
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao, Panyu District, Guangzhou 511416, China
| | - Yanzhu Wei
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao, Panyu District, Guangzhou 511416, China
| | - Kang Liu
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao, Panyu District, Guangzhou 511416, China
| | - Degang Wu
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao, Panyu District, Guangzhou 511416, China
| | - Xinyu Zhu
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao, Panyu District, Guangzhou 511416, China
| | - Mengya Xu
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao, Panyu District, Guangzhou 511416, China
| | - Yansen Bai
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao, Panyu District, Guangzhou 511416, China.
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Wirth JP, Zeng W, Petry N, Rohner F, Glenn S, Donkor WES, Wegmüller R, Boy E, Lividini K. The global burden of high fasting plasma glucose associated with zinc deficiency: Results of a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 3:e0001353. [PMID: 36963036 PMCID: PMC10022216 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) account for the largest share of the global disease burden, and increasing evidence shows that zinc deficiency (ZD) contributes to NCDs by inducing oxidative stress, insulin resistance, and impaired lipid metabolism. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to determine whether ZD was associated with fasting plasma glucose (FPG), a key risk factor for NCDs. A random effects meta-analysis was conducted to determine the strength of the association in the form of an odds ratio (OR) and subsequently the population attributable risk (PAR) with population prevalences of high FPG. The disease burden from high FPG attributable to ZD was expressed as disability adjusted life years (DALYS). Data from seven studies were obtained as part of the systematic review. The meta-analysis shows a significant (p<0.01) inverse relationship between ZD and high FPG (OR = 2.34; 95% CI: 1.16, 4.72). Globally, the PAR of ZD's contribution to high FPG is 6.7%, with approximately 8.2 million high FPG DALYs attributable to ZD. Cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and chronic kidney diseases account for more than 90% of the total DALYs. Total DALYs attributable to ZD are largest in the "Southeast Asia, East Asia, and Oceania" and "High Income" Super Regions. While the disease burden is highest among populous countries (e.g., China, India, USA), the population-standardized DALYs are highest among island nations, particularly island nations in the South Pacific and Caribbean. While ZD accounts for a small share of the high FPG disease burden, the total number of DALYs far surpasses other estimates of the disease burden attributable to ZD, which focus on diarrheal diseases in childhood. Zinc interventions are urgently needed to help address the increasing disease burden from NCDs, and the double burden of malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wu Zeng
- GroundWork, Fläsch, Switzerland
- School of Health, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | | | | | - Scott Glenn
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | | | | | - Erick Boy
- Research Delivery & Impact Division/International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Keith Lividini
- Research Delivery & Impact Division/International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Washington, DC, United States of America
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Yılmaz S, Kılıç N, Kaya Ş, Taşcı G. A Potential Biomarker for Predicting Schizophrenia: Metallothionein-1. Biomedicines 2023; 11:590. [PMID: 36831126 PMCID: PMC9952915 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been thought that oxidative damage may occur in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia; metallothioneins (MT) have strong antioxidant functions. In this study, we aimed to measure MT-1 levels in schizophrenia patients. A total of 52 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and 38 healthy controls were included in the study. Serum MT-1 concentrations were measured using the Human Metallothionein-1 ELISA Kit. In addition, Cu and Zn levels were measured. PANSS (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale) was used to determine the disease severity of patients with schizophrenia. The MT-1 levels of the schizophrenia group were lower than the MT-1 levels of the control group. When the correlation analyses were examined, a positive correlation was found between MT-1 and illness duration and Cu/Zn. A negative correlation was found between MT-1 levels and PANSS total scores and PANSS positive scores. In the regression analysis, it was seen that the decrease in MT-1 levels poses a risk for schizophrenia. It was observed that a decrease of 1 ng/mL in MT-1 levels increased the risk of schizophrenia 1.115 times. The low concentration of MT-1 is likely to cause a deficiency in antioxidant defense in patients with schizophrenia. MT-1 may be a useful biomarker for predicting schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seda Yılmaz
- Department of Psychiatry, Elazığ Fethi Sekin City Hospital, 23100 Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Nülüfer Kılıç
- Department of Psychiatry, Elazığ Fethi Sekin City Hospital, 23100 Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Şüheda Kaya
- Department of Psychiatry, Elazig Mental Health and Diseases Hospital, 23100 Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Gülay Taşcı
- Department of Psychiatry, Elazığ Fethi Sekin City Hospital, 23100 Elazığ, Turkey
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Zaks N, Austin C, Arora M, Reichenberg A. Reprint of: Elemental dysregulation in psychotic spectrum disorders: A review and research synthesis. Schizophr Res 2022; 247:33-40. [PMID: 36075821 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2022.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence from observational studies, genetic research, and animal models suggests a relationship between toxic and nutritive elements and psychotic spectrum disorders (PSD). This review systematically evaluates the current research evidence for two hypotheses: 1) that exposures to abnormal levels of toxic and nutritive elements early in life contributes to the subsequent development of PSD, and 2) that an imbalance of element levels is linked to psychotic illness and clinical severity. We focused on the extant literature on five elements, lead (Pb), copper (Cu), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn), because of their previously documented associations with psychiatric problems and the availability of pertinent literature. The review identified 38 studies of which 11 measured Pb, 27 measured Cu, 16 measured Mg, 15 measured Mn, and 25 measured Zn concentrations in PSD patients and controls. A majority of research has been conducted on nutritive element imbalance, and findings are largely mixed. While it is biologically plausible that element dysregulation is an important modifiable risk factor for PSD, more research into exposure in early life is needed to better characterize this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Zaks
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, NY, USA
| | - Christine Austin
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, NY, USA
| | - Manish Arora
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, NY, USA
| | - Abraham Reichenberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, NY, USA; Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, NY, USA; Seaver Center of Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, NY, USA; Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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Deng MG, Cui HT, Nie JQ, Liang Y, Chai C. Genetic association between circulating selenium level and the risk of schizophrenia in the European population: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:969887. [PMID: 36082036 PMCID: PMC9445556 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.969887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The association between circulating the selenium level and the risk of schizophrenia remains unclear. Objective To determine the relationship between the circulating selenium level and the risk of schizophrenia, using the Mendelian Randomization method in the European population. Methods Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with the circulating selenium level were identified at p < 5 × 10−8. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was used as the principal MR analysis, and MR Egger, weighted median, and MR PRESSO were used to determine the accuracy of IVW results. The Cochran's Q-test and Leave-One-Out sensitivity analysis were performed to evaluate the heterogeneity and stability of genetic variants on schizophrenia. Results The circulating selenium level was associated with decreased risk of schizophrenia by the IVW method (OR: 0.906, 95% CI:0.867–0.947). MR Egger, weighted median, and MR PRESSO methods got similar results. No heterogeneity was detected by the Cochran's Q-test, and no single SNP was driving the overall effect by leave-one-out analysis. Conclusion Our study provides support for the genetic relationship between the circulating selenium level and schizophrenia; the decreased circulating selenium level was associated with an elevated risk of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Gang Deng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Han-Tao Cui
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia-Qi Nie
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuehui Liang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Chai
- Emergency Center, Hubei Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Resuscitation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Chen Chai
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Blood and Urinary Biomarkers of Antipsychotic-Induced Metabolic Syndrome. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12080726. [PMID: 36005598 PMCID: PMC9416438 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12080726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a clustering of at least three of the following five medical conditions: abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, high blood sugar, high serum triglycerides, and low serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Antipsychotic (AP)-induced MetS (AIMetS) is the most common adverse drug reaction (ADR) of psychiatric pharmacotherapy. Herein, we review the results of studies of blood (serum and plasma) and urinary biomarkers as predictors of AIMetS in patients with schizophrenia (Sch). We reviewed 1440 studies examining 38 blood and 19 urinary metabolic biomarkers, including urinary indicators involved in the development of AIMetS. Among the results, only positive associations were revealed. However, at present, it should be recognized that there is no consensus on the role of any particular urinary biomarker of AIMetS. Evaluation of urinary biomarkers of the development of MetS and AIMetS, as one of the most common concomitant pathological conditions in the treatment of patients with psychiatric disorders, may provide a key to the development of strategies for personalized prevention and treatment of the condition, which is considered a complication of AP therapy for Sch in clinical practice.
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Shayganfard M. Are Essential Trace Elements Effective in Modulation of Mental Disorders? Update and Perspectives. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:1032-1059. [PMID: 33904124 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02733-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of mental disorders is associated with several risk factors including genetic and environmental susceptibility. A group of nutrients serves an especially important role in a number of essential neurodevelopmental processes through brain areas promoting the high degree of brain metabolism during early life, although almost all nutrients are needed. These include macronutrients and micronutrients (e.g., iron, magnesium, zinc, copper, selenium). Numerous nutritional psychiatry trials have been performed to examine the correlation of many individual nutrients with mental health, such as essential trace elements. The increased accumulation or lack of such components will facilitate an alternative metabolic pathway that can lead to many diseases and conditions of neurodevelopment. Mental functions have biochemical bases, so the impairment of such neurochemical mechanisms due to lack of trace elements can have mental effects. In psychological conditions such as depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, and autism, scientific studies demonstrate the putative role of trace element deficiency. Therefore, given the critical roles played by essential trace elements in the neurodevelopment and mental health, the effect of these elements' intake on the modulation of psychological functioning is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Shayganfard
- Department of Psychiatry, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
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11
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Huang S, Zhong D, Lv Z, Cheng J, Zou X, Wang T, Wen Y, Wang C, Yu S, Huang H, Li L, Nie Z. Associations of multiple plasma metals with the risk of metabolic syndrome: A cross-sectional study in the mid-aged and older population of China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 231:113183. [PMID: 35032729 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metal exposures have been reported to be related to the progress of metabolic syndrome (MetS), however, the currents results were still controversial, and the evidence about the effect of multi-metal exposure on MetS were limited. In this study, we intended to evaluate the relationships between metal mixture exposure and the prevalence of MetS in a mid-aged and older population of China. METHODS The plasma levels of 13 metals (aluminum, magnesium, calcium, iron, manganese, cobalt, copper, arsenic, zinc, selenium, cadmium, molybdenum and thallium) were detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) in 1277 adults recruited from the Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University (Shenzhen, China). Logistic regression, the adaptive least absolute shrinkage and selectionator operator (LASSO) penalized regression analysis and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis were used to explore the associations and dose-response relationships of plasma metals with MetS. To evaluate the cumulative effect of metals, the Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR) model was applied. RESULTS The concentrations of magnesium and molybdenum were lower in the MetS group (p < 0.05). In the single-metal model, the adjusted ORs (95%CI) in the highest quartiles were 0.44 (0.35, 0.76) for magnesium and 0.30 (0.17, 0.51) for molybdenum compared with the lowest quartile. The negative associations and dose-dependent relationships of magnesium and molybdenum with MetS were further validated by the stepwise model, adaptive LASSO penalized regression and RCS analysis. The BKMR models showed that the metal mixture were associated with decreased MetS when the chemical mixtures were≥ 25th percentile compared to their medians, and Mg, Mo were the major contributors to the combined effect. Moreover, concentrations of magnesium were significantly related to blood glucose, and molybdenum was related with BMI, blood glucose and blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS Elevated levels of plasma magnesium and molybdenum were associated with decreased prevalence of MetS. Further investigations in larger perspective cohorts are needed to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suli Huang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Danrong Zhong
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, China; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Research Center of Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515000, China
| | - Ziquan Lv
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jinquan Cheng
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xuan Zou
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Tian Wang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ying Wen
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Shuyuan Yu
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Research Center of Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515000, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515000, China
| | - Zhiqiang Nie
- Department of Cardiology, Hypertension Research Laboratory, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
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D’Errico S, Russa RL, Maiese A, Santurro A, Scopetti M, Romano S, Zanon M, Frati P, Fineschi V. Atypical antipsychotics and oxidative cardiotoxicity: review of literature and future perspectives to prevent sudden cardiac death. J Geriatr Cardiol 2021; 18:663-685. [PMID: 34527032 PMCID: PMC8390928 DOI: 10.11909/j.issn.1671-5411.2021.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is considered the principal mediator of myocardial injury under pathological conditions. It is well known that reactive oxygen (ROS) or nitrogen species (RNS) are involved in myocardial injury and repair at the same time and that cellular damage is generally due to an unbalance between generation and elimination of the free radicals due to an inadequate mechanism of antioxidant defense or to an increase in ROS and RNS. Major adverse cardiovascular events are often associated with drugs with associated findings such as fibrosis or inflammation of the myocardium. Despite efforts in the preclinical phase of the development of drugs, cardiotoxicity still remains a great concern. Cardiac toxicity due to second-generation antipsychotics (clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine) has been observed in preclinical studies and described in patients affected with mental disorders. A role of oxidative stress has been hypothesized but more evidence is needed to confirm a causal relationship. A better knowledge of cardiotoxicity mechanisms should address in the future to establish the right dose and length of treatment without impacting the physical health of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano D’Errico
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Raffaele La Russa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
- IRCSS Neuromed Mediterranean Neurological Institute, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Aniello Maiese
- IRCSS Neuromed Mediterranean Neurological Institute, Pozzilli, Italy
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Santurro
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Scopetti
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Romano
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Zanon
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Paola Frati
- IRCSS Neuromed Mediterranean Neurological Institute, Pozzilli, Italy
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Vittorio Fineschi
- IRCSS Neuromed Mediterranean Neurological Institute, Pozzilli, Italy
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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13
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Elemental dysregulation in psychotic spectrum disorders: A review and research synthesis. Schizophr Res 2021; 233:64-71. [PMID: 34242950 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2021.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence from observational studies, genetic research, and animal models suggests a relationship between toxic and nutritive elements and psychotic spectrum disorders (PSD). This review systematically evaluates the current research evidence for two hypotheses: 1) that exposures to abnormal levels of toxic and nutritive elements early in life contributes to the subsequent development of PSD, and 2) that an imbalance of element levels is linked to psychotic illness and clinical severity. We focused on the extant literature on five elements, lead (Pb), copper (Cu), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn), because of their previously documented associations with psychiatric problems and the availability of pertinent literature. The review identified 38 studies of which 11 measured Pb, 27 measured Cu, 16 measured Mg, 15 measured Mn, and 25 measured Zn concentrations in PSD patients and controls. A majority of research has been conducted on nutritive element imbalance, and findings are largely mixed. While it is biologically plausible that element dysregulation is an important modifiable risk factor for PSD, more research into exposure in early life is needed to better characterize this relationship.
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Kilonzo VW, Sasuclark AR, Torres DJ, Coyle C, Pilat JM, Williams CS, Pitts MW. Juvenile Selenium Deficiency Impairs Cognition, Sensorimotor Gating, and Energy Homeostasis in Mice. Front Nutr 2021; 8:667587. [PMID: 34026810 PMCID: PMC8138326 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.667587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient of critical importance to mammalian life. Its biological effects are primarily mediated via co-translational incorporation into selenoproteins, as the unique amino acid, selenocysteine. These proteins play fundamental roles in redox signaling and includes the glutathione peroxidases and thioredoxin reductases. Environmental distribution of Se varies considerably worldwide, with concomitant effects on Se status in humans and animals. Dietary Se intake within a narrow range optimizes the activity of Se-dependent antioxidant enzymes, whereas both Se-deficiency and Se-excess can adversely impact health. Se-deficiency affects a significant proportion of the world's population, with hypothyroidism, cardiomyopathy, reduced immunity, and impaired cognition being common symptoms. Although relatively less prevalent, Se-excess can also have detrimental consequences and has been implicated in promoting both metabolic and neurodegenerative disease in humans. Herein, we sought to comprehensively assess the developmental effects of both Se-deficiency and Se-excess on a battery of neurobehavioral and metabolic tests in mice. Se-deficiency elicited deficits in cognition, altered sensorimotor gating, and increased adiposity, while Se-excess was surprisingly beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor W. Kilonzo
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Alexandru R. Sasuclark
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Daniel J. Torres
- Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology (SOEST), Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Celine Coyle
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Jennifer M. Pilat
- Department of Medicine and Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Christopher S. Williams
- Department of Medicine and Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Matthew W. Pitts
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, United States
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15
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Schoonover KE, Kennedy WM, Roberts RC. Cortical copper transporter expression in schizophrenia: interactions of risk gene dysbindin-1. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2021; 128:701-709. [PMID: 33890175 PMCID: PMC11000637 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-021-02333-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia susceptibility factor dysbindin-1 is associated with cognitive processes. Downregulated dysbindin-1 expression is associated with lower expression of copper transporters ATP7A and CTR1, required for copper transport to the central nervous system. We measured dysbindin-1 isoforms-1A and -1BC, CTR1, and ATP7A via Western blots of the postmortem dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) of schizophrenia subjects (n = 28) and matched controls (n = 14). In addition, we subdivided the schizophrenia group by treatment status and comorbidity of alcohol use disorder (AUD) and assessed the relationships between proteins. Schizophrenia subjects exhibited similar protein levels to that of controls, with no effect of antipsychotic treatment. We observed a shift towards more dysbindin-1A expression in schizophrenia, as revealed by the ratio of dysbindin-1 isoforms. Dysbindin-1A expression was negatively correlated with ATP7A in schizophrenia, with no correlation present in controls. AUD subjects exhibited less dysbindin-1BC and CTR1 than those without AUD. Our results, taken together with previous data, suggest that alterations in dysbindin-1 and copper transporters are brain-region specific. For example, protein levels of ATP7A, dysbindin 1BC, and CTR1 are lower in the substantia nigra in schizophrenia subjects. AUD in the DLPFC was associated with lower protein levels of dysbindin-1 and CTR1. Changes in dysbindin-1 isoform ratio and relationships appear to be prevalent in the disease, potentially impacting symptomology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten E Schoonover
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Neuroscience, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 3811 O'Hara Street BST W1651, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
| | - William M Kennedy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Rosalinda C Roberts
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Pittsburgh, USA
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Schoonover KE, Roberts RC. Markers of copper transport in the cingulum bundle in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2021; 228:124-133. [PMID: 33434726 PMCID: PMC7988290 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2020.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Imaging and postmortem studies indicate that schizophrenia subjects exhibit abnormal connectivity in several white matter tracts, including the cingulum bundle. Copper chelators given to experimental animals damage myelin and myelin-producing oligodendrocytes, and the substantia nigra of schizophrenia subjects shows lower levels of copper, copper transporters, and copper-utilizing enzymes. This study aimed to elucidate the potential role of copper homeostasis in white matter pathology in schizophrenia. Protein levels of the copper transporters ATP7A and CTR1, and dysbindin-1, an upstream modulator of copper metabolism and schizophrenia susceptibility factor, were measured using Western blot analyses of the postmortem cingulum bundle of schizophrenia subjects (n=16) and matched controls (n=13). Additionally, the patient group was subdivided by treatment status: off- (n=8) or on-medication (n=8). Relationships between proteins from the current study were correlated among themselves and markers of axonal integrity previously measured in the same cohort. Schizophrenia subjects exhibited similar protein levels to controls, with no effect of antipsychotic treatment. The dysbindin-1A/1BC relationship was positive in controls and schizophrenia subjects; however, antipsychotic treatment appeared to reverse this relationship in a statistically different manner from that of controls and unmedicated subjects. The relationships between dysbindin-1A/neurofilament heavy and ATP7A/α-tubulin were positively correlated in the schizophrenia group that was significantly different from the lack of correlation in controls. Copper transporters and dysbindin-1 appear to be more significantly affected in the grey matter of schizophrenia subjects. However, the relationships among proteins in white matter may be more substantial and dependent on treatment status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten E Schoonover
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States of America.
| | - Rosalinda C Roberts
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States of America.
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17
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Schoonover KE, Farmer CB, Morgan CJ, Sinha V, Odom L, Roberts RC. Abnormalities in the copper transporter CTR1 in postmortem hippocampus in schizophrenia: A subregion and laminar analysis. Schizophr Res 2021; 228:60-73. [PMID: 33434736 PMCID: PMC7987889 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2020.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Dysbindin-1 modulates copper transport, which is crucial for cellular homeostasis. Several brain regions implicated in schizophrenia exhibit decreased levels of dysbindin-1, which may affect copper homeostasis therein. Our recent study showed decreased levels of dysbindin-1, the copper transporter-1 (CTR1) and copper in the substantia nigra in schizophrenia, providing the first evidence of disrupted copper transport in schizophrenia. In the present study, we hypothesized that there would be lower levels of dysbindin-1 and CTR1 in the hippocampus in schizophrenia versus a comparison group. Using semi-quantitative immunohistochemistry for dysbindin1 and CTR1, we measured the optical density in a layer specific fashion in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex in ten subjects with schizophrenia and ten comparison subjects. Both regions were richly immunolabeled for CTR1 and dysbindin1 in both groups. In the superficial layers of the entorhinal cortex, CTR1 immunolabeled neuropil and cells showed lower optical density values in patients versus the comparison group. In the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus, patients had higher optical density values of CTR1 versus the comparison group. The density and distribution of dysbindin-1 immunolabeling was similar between groups. These laminar specific alterations of CTR1 in schizophrenia suggest abnormal copper transport in those locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten E. Schoonover
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Charlene B. Farmer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Charity J Morgan
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Vidushi Sinha
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Laura Odom
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Rosalinda C. Roberts
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
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18
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Air Pollution-Related Brain Metal Dyshomeostasis as a Potential Risk Factor for Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Neurodegenerative Diseases. ATMOSPHERE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos11101098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence links air pollution (AP) exposure to effects on the central nervous system structure and function. Particulate matter AP, especially the ultrafine (nanoparticle) components, can carry numerous metal and trace element contaminants that can reach the brain in utero and after birth. Excess brain exposure to either essential or non-essential elements can result in brain dyshomeostasis, which has been implicated in both neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs; autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) and neurodegenerative diseases (NDGDs; Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis). This review summarizes the current understanding of the extent to which the inhalational or intranasal instillation of metals reproduces in vivo the shared features of NDDs and NDGDs, including enlarged lateral ventricles, alterations in myelination, glutamatergic dysfunction, neuronal cell death, inflammation, microglial activation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, altered social behaviors, cognitive dysfunction, and impulsivity. Although evidence is limited to date, neuronal cell death, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction are reproduced by numerous metals. Understanding the specific contribution of metals/trace elements to this neurotoxicity can guide the development of more realistic animal exposure models of human AP exposure and consequently lead to a more meaningful approach to mechanistic studies, potential intervention strategies, and regulatory requirements.
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Mazhari S, Arjmand S, Eslami Shahrbabaki M, Karimi Ghoughari E. Comparing Copper Serum Level and Cognitive Functioning in Patients With Schizophrenia and Healthy Controls. Basic Clin Neurosci 2020; 11:649-657. [PMID: 33643558 PMCID: PMC7878054 DOI: 10.32598/bcn.9.10.11.5.2116.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The altered serum profiles of several trace elements have been reported in Schizophrenia (SCZ). This study was designed to elucidate whether the serum levels of Copper (Cu) and Magnesium (Mg), the two essential trace elements which contribute to neurotransmitter transmission, are altered in patients with SCZ. We also investigated whether there is an interrelation between cognitive functioning and the serum levels of Cu and Mg. Methods: Sixty patients with SCZ and 30 healthy controls participated in this study. The patient group was divided into the following: i) early patients (n=35, ≤5 years of illness initiation), and ii) chronic patients (n=25, ≥5 years of illness duration). The serum levels of Cu and Mg were measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy and ion-selective electrode potentiometry, respectively. To assess cognitive abilities, a Persian adaptation of the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS) was administered. Results: The present research results revealed significantly higher Cu serum levels in both patient groups [early patients (M=94.6), chronic patients (M=97.5)], compared to the controls (M=71.0) (P<0.001); however, no significant difference was observed among the study groups for Mg [patients with the recent onset (M=2.0), chronic patients (M=2.0), and controls (M=1.9)] P=0.1. While the serum Cu profile of healthy individuals revealed a negative correlation with working memory (r=−0.42, P=0.02), and executive functioning (r=−0.40, P=0.03), no significant correlation was observed between Cu serum levels of patients and BACS cognitive domains. Conclusion: findings suggested that the high Cu serum concentration might impact the cognitive decline in healthy individuals; however, no significant correlation was observed in the Patients; i.e. most likely because cognition is severely impaired in SCZ. Additional studies examining trace elements in drug-naïve patients with SCZ are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahrzad Mazhari
- Neuroscience Research Centre, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Shokouh Arjmand
- Neuroscience Research Centre, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mahin Eslami Shahrbabaki
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Elham Karimi Ghoughari
- Neuroscience Research Centre, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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20
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Scassellati C, Bonvicini C, Benussi L, Ghidoni R, Squitti R. Neurodevelopmental disorders: Metallomics studies for the identification of potential biomarkers associated to diagnosis and treatment. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2020; 60:126499. [PMID: 32203724 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diagnosis and treatment of complex diseases such as Neurodevelopmental Disorders (NDDs) can be resolved through the identification of biomarkers. Metallomics (research on biometals) and metallomes (metalloproteins/metalloenzymes/chaperones) along with genomics, proteomics and metabolomics, can contribute to accelerate and improve this process. AIM This review focused on four NDDs pathologies (Schizophrenia, SZ; Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, ADHD; Autism, ADS; Epilepsy), and we reported, for the first time, different studies on the role played by the principal six essential trace elements (Cobalt, Co; Copper, Cu; Iron, Fe; Manganese, Mn; Selenium, Se; Zinc, Zn) that can influence diagnosis/treatment. RESULTS in light of the literature presented, based on meta-analyses, we suggest that Zn (glutamatergic neurotransmission, inflammation, neurodegeneration, autoimmunity alterations), could be a potential diagnostic biomarker associated to SZ. Moreover, considering the single association studies going in the same direction, increased Cu (catecholamine alterations, glucose intolerance, altered lipid metabolism/oxidative stress) and lower Fe (dopaminergic dysfunctions) levels were associated with a specific negative symptomatology. Lower Mn (lipid metabolism/oxidative stress alterations), and lower Se (metabolic syndrome) were linked to SZ. From the meta-analyses in ADHD, it is evidenced that Fe (and ferritin in particular), Mn, and Zn (oxidative stress dysfunctions) could be potential diagnostic biomarkers, mainly associated to severe hyperactive or inattentive symptoms; as well as Cu, Fe, Zn in ADS and Zn in Epilepsy. Fe, Zn and Mn levels seem to be influenced by antipsychotics treatment in SZ; Mn and Zn by methylphenidate treatment in ADHD; Cu and Zn by antiepileptic drugs in Epilepsy. CONCLUSIONS Although there is controversy and further studies are needed, this work summarizes the state of art of the literature on this topic. We claim to avoid underreporting the impact of essential trace elements in paving the way for biomarkers research for NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catia Scassellati
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Cristian Bonvicini
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Luisa Benussi
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberta Ghidoni
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Rosanna Squitti
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
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21
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Santa Cruz EC, Madrid KC, Arruda MAZ, Sussulini A. Association between trace elements in serum from bipolar disorder and schizophrenia patients considering treatment effects. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2020; 59:126467. [PMID: 31954929 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Imbalances in metal concentrations have been suggested to contribute to the pathophysiology of different brain disorders, such as bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SCZ). OBJECTIVES The aim of this exploratory study is to evaluate the association between the concentrations of macro/trace elements in serum from BD and SCZ patients considering the effects from different treatments. METHODS Eleven subjects with SCZ, seven with BD treated with lithium (BDL) and eight subjects with BD treated with other medications except lithium (BDN) were recruited for the study, as well as eleven healthy controls (HC). Serum concentrations of eleven macro/trace elements (Se, Zn, Fe, K, Ca, Mg, P, Al, Cu, Mn, and Ni) were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). RESULTS Se and Zn concentrations were significantly lower for patients with SCZ and BD in comparison to HC by one-way ANOVA test. Moreover, serum concentrations for Fe were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in BDN (548 ± 92 μg L-1) and SCZ (632 ± 279 μg L-1) in comparison to HC (421 ± 121 μg L-1). A significant negative correlation was reported between Se and Fe in BDL group (r = -0.935, p < 0.05). In addition, a significantly higher Cu/Zn ratio was determined in SCZ group against HC (ratio = 2.4, p = 0.028). CONCLUSIONS The obtained results suggest that the imbalance in Fe concentrations is an effect of BD treatment. Lithium is supposed to have an antagonist effect for Se in BDL patients. A negative correlation reported between Fe and BMI in SCZ group could be related to antipsychotic treatment and the Cu/Zn ratio reported could be considered as a suggesting parameter to relate oxidative stress to SCZ. Future studies including larger number of patients with SCZ and BD before and after treatment are necessary to confirm the investigative results presented herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa C Santa Cruz
- Laboratory of Bioanalytics and Integrated Omics (LaBIOmics), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6154, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Katherine C Madrid
- Spectrometry, Sample Preparation and Mechanization Group (GEPAM), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6154, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Marco A Z Arruda
- Spectrometry, Sample Preparation and Mechanization Group (GEPAM), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6154, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology for Bioanalytics - INCTBio, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6154, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Sussulini
- Laboratory of Bioanalytics and Integrated Omics (LaBIOmics), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6154, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology for Bioanalytics - INCTBio, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6154, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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22
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Clozapine-induced transcriptional changes in the zebrafish brain. NPJ SCHIZOPHRENIA 2020; 6:3. [PMID: 32015324 PMCID: PMC6997376 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-019-0092-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Clozapine is an atypical antipsychotic medication that is used to treat schizophrenia patients who are resistant to other antipsychotic drugs. The molecular mechanisms mediating the effects of clozapine are not well understood and its use is often associated with severe side-effects. In this study, we exposed groups of wild-type zebrafish to two doses of clozapine (‘low’ (20 µg/L) and ‘high’ (70 µg/L)) over a 72-h period, observing dose-dependent effects on behaviour. Using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) we identified multiple genes differentially expressed in the zebrafish brain following exposure to clozapine. Network analysis identified co-expression modules characterised by striking changes in module connectivity in response to clozapine, and these were enriched for regulatory pathways relevant to the etiology of schizophrenia. Our study highlights the utility of zebrafish as a model for assessing the molecular consequences of antipsychotic medications and identifies genomic networks potentially involved in schizophrenia.
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Djalalinia S, Khosravi M, Hasani M, Saeedi Moghaddam S, Kazemzadeh Atoofi M, Mahdavi-Gorabi A, Noroozi M, Qorbani M, Asayesh H, Soleimani A. Effects of Selenium Supplementation on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors, Inflammatory, and Antioxidant Markers: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocol. Int J Prev Med 2019; 10:213. [PMID: 31929860 PMCID: PMC6941376 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_509_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Selenium (Se) is considered as an antioxidant trace element involved in key activities in human metabolism. Recent investigations indicate that Se plays a pivotal role in human health. Se supplementation considered as an intervention is both cost-effective and simple-to-use that may play an important role in the prevention of cardiometabolic risk factors (CRFs), inflammatory, and antioxidant markers. Methods This paper is a protocol study on systematic review of probable effects of Se supplementation on CRFs, inflammatory, and antioxidant markers. The aim was to achieve three international databases available related to the current publications including, PubMed, ISI/WOS, and Scopus. We attempted to search for randomized clinical trials (RCT) and cross-over trials pertaining to human subjects without any restriction on language and time. In addition, there was no limitation on the age of participants. For RCTs were included all studies in different target groups comprising diabetic patients, patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome, obese subjects, or even healthy controls. To investigate the effect of Se, we included all studies which Se is used either as single therapy or as combination therapy. All studies associated with articles and meta-analyses would be evaluated to review their references. Conclusions The current study contained numerous outcomes. The result of this study can be led to make reliable scientific evidence on the probable effects of Se supplementation on CRFs, inflammatory factors, and antioxidant factors. In addition to these findings, other technical documents developed for a systematic review can be used for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Djalalinia
- Deputy of Research and Technology, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran.,Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahnoosh Khosravi
- Deputy of Research and Technology, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Motahareh Hasani
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Kazemzadeh Atoofi
- Spiritual Health Research Center, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Tehran Psychiatric Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Armita Mahdavi-Gorabi
- Department of Basic and Clinical Research, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Noroozi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.,Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Asayesh
- Department of Medical Emergencies, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Ali Soleimani
- Department of Public Health, Maragheh University of medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
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Saghazadeh A, Mahmoudi M, Shahrokhi S, Mojarrad M, Dastmardi M, Mirbeyk M, Rezaei N. Trace elements in schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 39 studies (N = 5151 participants). Nutr Rev 2019; 78:278-303. [DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuz059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Context
The pathogenesis of schizophrenia appears to be multifaceted.
Objective
The aim of this meta-analysis of studies that investigated blood and hair concentrations of trace elements in people diagnosed with schizophrenia was to determine whether levels of trace elements in patients with schizophrenia differ from those in healthy individuals.
Data Sources
The PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched to January 2018.
Study Selection
Studies that compared concentrations of trace elements in patients with schizophrenia with those in healthy controls, in patients with schizophrenia under different treatment regimens, or in patients with schizophrenia at different stages of disease were included.
Data Extraction
Data on study and sample characteristics and measures of trace elements were extracted.
Results
Thirty-nine studies with a total of 5151 participants were included. Meta-analysis of combined plasma and serum data showed higher levels of copper, lower levels of iron, and lower levels of zinc among patients with schizophrenia vs controls without schizophrenia. Subgroup analyses confirmed the following: higher levels of copper in plasma, in users of typical antipsychotic drugs, and in males; lower levels of zinc in serum, in patients in Asia, in drug-naive/drug-free patients, and in inpatients; lower levels of iron in serum, in patients in Asia, in drug-naive/drug-free patients, in patients on antipsychotic drugs, in inpatients, in patients with acute or newly diagnosed schizophrenia, in patients with chronic or previously diagnosed schizophrenia, and in males; and lower levels of manganese in plasma and in patients with chronic or previously diagnosed schizophrenia.
Conclusions
This meta-analysis provides evidence of an excess of copper, along with deficiencies of zinc, iron, and manganese, in patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amene Saghazadeh
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- MetaCognition Interest Group, Universal Scientific Education and Research Network, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Mahmoudi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Dietitians and Nutrition Experts Team, Universal Scientific Education and Research Network, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shayan Shahrokhi
- NeuroImmunology Research Association, Universal Scientific Education and Research Network, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Mojarrad
- NeuroImmunology Research Association, Universal Scientific Education and Research Network, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maedeh Dastmardi
- NeuroImmunology Research Association, Universal Scientific Education and Research Network, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Mirbeyk
- NeuroImmunology Research Association, Universal Scientific Education and Research Network, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Molecular Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Expert Group, Universal Scientific Education and Research Network, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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25
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Guo X, Yang Q, Zhang W, Chen Y, Ren J, Gao A. Associations of blood levels of trace elements and heavy metals with metabolic syndrome in Chinese male adults with microRNA as mediators involved. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 248:66-73. [PMID: 30771749 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a global health problem with an increasing prevalence. However, effects of trace elements and heavy metals on MetS and the mechanism underlying this effect are poorly understood. A preliminary cross-sectional study was conducted in 2015. Significantly higher blood concentrations of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), and selenium (Se) were observed in the MetS group. With a priori adjustment for age, the concentration of Cu and Se in the blood was associated with a 2.56 - fold [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.11, 5.92] and 3.31 - fold (95% CI, 1.4, 7.82) increased risk of MetS, respectively. Moreover, increased blood Se concentrations were associated with body mass index (BMI) [odds ratio (OR): 2.56; 95% CI, 1.11, 5.93], high blood pressure [for both systolic and diastolic blood pressures (SBP and DBP); OR: 3.82; 95% CI, 1.47, 7.31 for SBP and OR: 2.56; 95% CI, 1.18, 5.59 for DBP], and hypertriglyceridemia (OR: 3.3; 95% CI, 1.51, 7.2). In addition, the expression of miR-21-5p, miR-122-5p, and miR-146a-5p was significantly higher in subjects with MetS than those without MetS. Increased expression of miR-21-5p was significantly associated with increased SBP (β = 5.28; 95% CI, 0.63, 9.94) and DBP (β = 4.17; 95% CI, 0.68, 7.66). Moreover, Cu was positively associated with miR-21-5p (β = 3.02; 95% CI, 0.07, 5.95), whereas Se was positively associated with miR-122-5p (β = 2.7; 95% CI, 0.64, 4.76). The bootstrapping mediation models indicated that miR-21-5p partially mediated the relationships between Cu level and SBP/DBP. This study suggested that Cu and Se were both associated with MetS, and miR-21-5p participated in the development of MetS associated with Cu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Guo
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Qiaoyun Yang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, PR China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, PR China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Preventive Medicine Education (Tianjin Medical University), Tianjin, 300070, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Yujiao Chen
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Jing Ren
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Ai Gao
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China.
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26
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Fang C, Wu W, Gu X, Dai S, Zhou Q, Deng H, Shen F, Chen J. Association of serum copper, zinc and selenium levels with risk of metabolic syndrome: A nested case-control study of middle-aged and older Chinese adults. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2019; 52:209-215. [PMID: 30732884 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2018.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Trace elements, such as copper, zinc and selenium, have been linked to the development of metabolic syndrome. However, previous studies concerning these trace elements in association with metabolic syndrome have presented conflicting results in different countries. The aim of this study was to analyse the association between serum copper, zinc and selenium concentrations and the risk of metabolic syndrome among middle-aged and older Chinese adults. We performed a nested case-control study that included 349 individuals who developed metabolic syndrome (125 males and 224 females) during a 3-year follow-up and 349 controls matched by baseline age (±1 years), sex and area. Serum trace element concentrations were measured using atomic absorption spectrometry. The median serum selenium levels in males and females in the metabolic syndrome group were 82.2 (13.4) μg/L and 82.6 (11.1) μg/L, respectively, which were significantly higher than the serum selenium levels in the control group (p = 0.001 and p < 0.001). After adjusting for potential confounders, the odds ratios of risk for metabolic syndrome in the highest tertile of serum selenium levels were 2.72 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.43-5.20; p for trend 0.002] for males and 5.30 (95% CI 3.31-8.74; p for trend <0.001) for females, respectively, compared with the lowest tertile. In addition, serum selenium levels were positively correlated with postprandial plasma glucose in both genders (for males: odds ratio 2.42; 95% CI 1.27-4.61; for females: odds ratio 2.11; 95% CI 1.32-3.37) and negatively associated with high-density lipoprotein in only females (odds ratio 3.21; 95% CI 1.75-5.91). These results suggest that higher levels of serum selenium might be an independent risk factor for metabolic syndrome, especially in relation to elevated postprandial plasma glucose and reduced high-density lipoprotein levels. However, we failed to demonstrate an association between copper or zinc status and metabolic syndrome or its components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Fang
- Department of Emergency, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wenjun Wu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xuejiang Gu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Dai
- Department of Emergency, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Huihui Deng
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Feixia Shen
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Junjie Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
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27
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Tunç S, Atagün Mİ, Başbuğ HS, Erel Ö. Serum ceruloplasmin-ferroxidase activity in bipolar disorder is elevated compared to major depressive disorder and schizophrenia: a controlled study. PSYCHIAT CLIN PSYCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/24750573.2019.1584489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Serhat Tunç
- Department of Psychiatry, Kafkas University, Faculty of Medicine, Kars, Turkey
| | - Murat İlhan Atagün
- Department of Psychiatry, Yildirim Beyazit University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hamit Serdar Başbuğ
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kafkas University, Faculty of Medicine, Kars, Turkey
| | - Özcan Erel
- Department of Biochemistry, Yildirim Beyazit University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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28
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Cao B, Yan L, Ma J, Jin M, Park C, Nozari Y, Kazmierczak OP, Zuckerman H, Lee Y, Pan Z, Brietzke E, McIntyre RS, Lui LMW, Li N, Wang J. Comparison of serum essential trace metals between patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2019; 51:79-85. [PMID: 30466942 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Preclinical and clinical studies have suggested that essential trace metals (ETMs) play an important role in the pathophysiology of brain-based disorders, including schizophrenia. This case-control study aimed to evaluate the association between ETMs and schizophrenia, and to further examine the association between ETMs and clinical characteristics in schizophrenia. One-hundred and five (n = 105) subjects who meet DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia between the ages of 18 and 40 were recruited for the study. One hundred and six (n = 106) age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs) were recruited for comparison. Serum concentrations of seven ETMs [i.e. iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), cobalt (Co), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni) and molybdenum (Mo)] were evaluated using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, which allows for the quantitative analysis of multiple ETMs at a single time point. Compared to HCs, serum concentrations of Mn and Mo were significantly lower in patients with schizophrenia. In contrast, serum concentrations of Fe and Ni were significantly higher in patients with schizophrenia. Additionally, correlations between specific ETMs and metabolic parameters (particularly those related to liver and renal function) were found in patients with schizophrenia, and the correlations between every two ETMs in HCs were widely interrupted. Differential levels of selected ETMs (i.e., Mn, Mo, and Ni) were identified between patients with schizophrenia and HCs following adjustment for potential confounders. The findings here should therefore be evaluated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Cao
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Lailai Yan
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Vaccine Research Center, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Peking University Medical and Health Analysis Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Jiahui Ma
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Min Jin
- School of Public Health, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, 014040, Inner Mongolia, PR China
| | - Caroline Park
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yasaman Nozari
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Olivia P Kazmierczak
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hannah Zuckerman
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yena Lee
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zihang Pan
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Elisa Brietzke
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Roger S McIntyre
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; The Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Leanna M W Lui
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nan Li
- Research Center of Clinical Epidemiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, PR China.
| | - Jingyu Wang
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Vaccine Research Center, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Peking University Medical and Health Analysis Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China.
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29
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Schoonover KE, Queern SL, Lapi SE, Roberts RC. Impaired copper transport in schizophrenia results in a copper-deficient brain state: A new side to the dysbindin story. World J Biol Psychiatry 2018; 21:13-28. [PMID: 30230404 PMCID: PMC6424639 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2018.1523562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Several schizophrenia brain regions exhibit decreased dysbindin. Dysbindin modulates copper transport crucial for myelination, monoamine metabolism and cellular homeostasis. Schizophrenia patients (SZP) exhibit increased plasma copper, while copper-decreasing agents produce schizophrenia-like behavioural and pathological abnormalities. Therefore, we sought to determine dysbindin and copper transporter protein expression and copper content in SZP.Methods: We studied the copper-rich substantia nigra (SN) using Western blot and inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry. We characterised specific protein domains of copper transporters ATP7A, CTR1, ATP7B and dysbindin isoforms 1 A and 1B/C in SZP (n = 15) and matched controls (n = 11), and SN copper content in SZP (n = 14) and matched controls (n = 11). As a preliminary investigation, we compared medicated (ON; n = 11) versus unmedicated SZP (OFF; n = 4).Results: SZP exhibited increased C terminus, but not N terminus, ATP7A. SZP expressed less transmembrane CTR1 and dysbindin 1B/C than controls. ON exhibited increased C terminus ATP7A protein versus controls. OFF exhibited less N terminus ATP7A protein than controls and ON, suggesting medication-induced rescue of the ATP7A N terminus. SZP exhibited less SN copper content than controls.Conclusions: These results provide the first evidence of disrupted copper transport in schizophrenia SN that appears to result in a copper-deficient state. Furthermore, copper homeostasis may be modulated by specific dysbindin isoforms and antipsychotic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten E. Schoonover
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Stacy L. Queern
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham,Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis
| | - Suzanne E. Lapi
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham,Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis
| | - Rosalinda C. Roberts
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
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30
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Chau EJ, Mostaid MS, Cropley V, McGorry P, Pantelis C, Bousman CA, Everall IP. Downregulation of plasma SELENBP1 protein in patients with recent-onset schizophrenia. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 85:1-6. [PMID: 29577944 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Upregulation of selenium binding protein 1 (SELENBP1) mRNA expression has been reported in schizophrenia, primarily in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. However, peripheral blood studies are limited and results are inconsistent. In this study, we examined SELENBP1 mRNA expression in whole blood and protein expression in plasma from patients with recent-onset schizophrenia (n = 30), treatment-resistant schizophrenia (n = 71) and healthy controls (n = 57). We also examined the effects of SELENBP1 genetic variation on gene and protein expression. We found lower SELENBP1 plasma protein levels in patients with recent-onset schizophrenia (p = 0.042) but not in treatment-resistant schizophrenia (p = 0.81). Measurement of peripheral mRNA levels showed no difference between treatment-resistant schizophrenia and healthy controls (p = 0.234) but clozapine plasma levels (p = 0.036) and duration of illness (p = 0.028) were positively correlated with mRNA levels. Genetic variation was not associated with mRNA or protein expression. Our data represent the first peripheral proteomic study of SELENBP1 in schizophrenia and suggest that plasma SELENBP1 protein is downregulated in patients with recent-onset schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith J Chau
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Carlton South, VIC, Australia
| | - Md Shaki Mostaid
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Carlton South, VIC, Australia; The Cooperative Research Centre (CRC) for Mental Health, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vanessa Cropley
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Carlton South, VIC, Australia
| | - Patrick McGorry
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia,; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Christos Pantelis
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Carlton South, VIC, Australia; The Cooperative Research Centre (CRC) for Mental Health, Victoria, Australia; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Centre for Neural Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia; NorthWestern Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chad A Bousman
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Carlton South, VIC, Australia; The Cooperative Research Centre (CRC) for Mental Health, Victoria, Australia; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Departments of Medical Genetics, Psychiatry, and Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Ian P Everall
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Carlton South, VIC, Australia; The Cooperative Research Centre (CRC) for Mental Health, Victoria, Australia; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Centre for Neural Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia; NorthWestern Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK.
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31
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Joe P, Petrilli M, Malaspina D, Weissman J. Zinc in schizophrenia: A meta-analysis. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2018; 53:19-24. [PMID: 29727763 DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The role of zinc homeostasis in various psychopathologies is an emerging area of interest. Zinc is strongly implicated in depressive disorders but is inadequately studied in schizophrenia, despite growing evidence of abnormal zinc transporters associated with schizophrenia. A meta-analysis of serum zinc concentrations in persons with schizophrenia was conducted to address this gap. METHOD PubMed and Embase were searched for all articles published through February 2018 that reported serum zinc concentrations in individuals with schizophrenia and in comparison subjects. A random-effects meta-analysis was carried out to compare mean serum zinc concentrations between the groups in terms of the weighted mean difference. RESULTS The current meta-analysis combined 10 studies, including a total of 658 schizophrenia patients and 1008 controls. Serum zinc concentration was significantly lower in individuals with schizophrenia than controls (12.81 μg/dl (1.96 μmol/l), t = -2.59, 95% CI: -22.50 to -3.12, p < 0.05). The reduction in zinc levels was more pronounced among inpatients and newly diagnosed, drug-naïve patients. CONCLUSIONS The current meta-analysis supports a disturbance of zinc homeostasis in individuals with schizophrenia compared to healthy controls, although the relationship between reduced serum zinc levels and psychotic symptoms remains unknown. Altered serum zinc might be linked to defective transporters and/or inflammation that impact the brain's glutamatergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Joe
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Dolores Malaspina
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Judith Weissman
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY, USA
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32
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Nakamura S, Shimazawa M, Hara H. Physiological Roles of Metallothioneins in Central Nervous System Diseases. Biol Pharm Bull 2018; 41:1006-1013. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b17-00856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Nakamura
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University
| | - Masamitsu Shimazawa
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University
| | - Hideaki Hara
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University
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33
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Li Z, Liu Y, Li X, Ju W, Wu G, Yang X, Fu X, Gao X. Association of Elements with Schizophrenia and Intervention of Selenium Supplements. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018; 183:16-21. [PMID: 28812245 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-1105-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to explore more trace elements (zinc, potassium, copper, iron, boron, manganese, selenium, chromium and cadmium elements) in addition to calcium, magnesium, lead and arsenic in the sera of patients with schizophrenia and the general population in China and to determine the effect of selenium on schizophrenia patients. Participants were collected from the Pingyin County Mental Health Hospital and Pingyin County. A t test was used to analyse the differences between schizophrenia patients and healthy subjects, and element content differences in gender. Logistic multivariate regression analysis was applied to analyse the influence of elements to schizophrenia. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to analyse differences in the elements after 1 and 3 months. Mn, Se, Cd, Pb, Ca, Cu and Fe were lower than those in the normal group, and B, Cr, As, K and Mg were higher than those in the control group. The odd ratios (ORs) of serum As and serum K were 2.624 and 1.035, respectively. The ORs of sera Cr, Mn, Se, Ca and Cu were all below one. After intervention of 'selenium weikang' about 1 and 3 months, the serum As was decreased and the serum selenium and copper were increased. Cr, Mn, Se, Ca and Cu might have beneficial, statistically significant effects on schizophrenia. Elements As and K might be harmful to schizophrenia with statistical significance. After selenium supplementation, the schizophrenia patients improved in some factors, like the appetite and memory, and the As element decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Li
- Shandong University, Number 44 in Wenhua Road, Lixia Distrct, Jinan, China
| | - Yumei Liu
- Shandong University, Number 44 in Wenhua Road, Lixia Distrct, Jinan, China
| | - Xia Li
- Shandong University, Number 44 in Wenhua Road, Lixia Distrct, Jinan, China
| | - Wen Ju
- Shandong University, Number 44 in Wenhua Road, Lixia Distrct, Jinan, China
| | - Guanrui Wu
- Shandong University, Number 44 in Wenhua Road, Lixia Distrct, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaomei Yang
- Shandong University, Number 44 in Wenhua Road, Lixia Distrct, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaofeng Fu
- Shandong University, Number 44 in Wenhua Road, Lixia Distrct, Jinan, China
| | - Xibao Gao
- Shandong University, Number 44 in Wenhua Road, Lixia Distrct, Jinan, China.
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Pavlovic Z, Miletic I, Zekovic M, Nikolic M, Glibetic M. Impact of Selenium Addition to Animal Feeds on Human Selenium Status in Serbia. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10020225. [PMID: 29462952 PMCID: PMC5852801 DOI: 10.3390/nu10020225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Research conducted during the 1980s demonstrated Se deficiency in humans. Increased inclusion of selenium in animal feeds started from the year 2000 onwards. The aim of this study was to estimate the effects of selenium inclusion in animal feeds on human selenium status and dietary habits of the Serbian population related to food of animal origin. Plasma selenium concentration in healthy adult volunteers, including residents of one of the regions with the lowest (Eastern Serbia, n = 60) and of one of the regions with the highest Se serum levels reported in the past (Belgrade, n = 82), was determined by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry. Multivariate analysis was employed to determine the correlation between Se plasma levels and dietary intake data derived from food frequency questionnaires and laboratory tests. The mean plasma Se level of the participants was 84.3 ± 15.9 μg/L (range: 47.3–132.1 μg/L), while 46% of participants had plasma Se levels lower than 80 μg/L. Frequency of meat, egg, and fish consumption was significantly correlated with plasma selenium level (r = 0.437, p = 0.000). Selenium addition to animal feed in the quantity of 0.14 mg/kg contributed to the improvement of human plasma selenium levels by approximately 30 μg/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoran Pavlovic
- Institute for Public Health Pozarevac, Jovana Serbanovica 14, 12000 Pozarevac, Serbia.
| | - Ivanka Miletic
- Institute of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Milica Zekovic
- Institute for Medical Research, Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Belgrade, Tadeusa Koscuska 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Marina Nikolic
- Institute for Medical Research, Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Belgrade, Tadeusa Koscuska 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Maria Glibetic
- Institute for Medical Research, Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Belgrade, Tadeusa Koscuska 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
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Omidi A, Jafari R, Nazifi S, Parker MO. Potential role for selenium in the pathophysiology of crib-biting behavior in horses. J Vet Behav 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jveb.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Chen X, Li Y, Zhang T, Yao Y, Shen C, Xue Y. Association of Serum Trace Elements with Schizophrenia and Effects of Antipsychotic Treatment. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018; 181:22-30. [PMID: 28470477 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-1039-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Variation of serum trace elements was previously reported in schizophrenia (SZ) patients; however, whether such variation is resulted from the antipsychotic treatment remains obscure. A case control study consist of 165 SZ inpatients and 614 healthy controls measured serum magnesium (Mg), Copper (Cu), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (Phos), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn) to investigate the relationship of trace elements and SZ. The SZ patients were further followed up (average 3.8 weeks) to evaluate the effects of antipsychotic treatment on the trace element concentrations using repeated measures ANOVA analysis. The results showed that higher concentrations of Mg and Phos and lower concentrations of Ca, Fe, and Zn were significant in SZ patients than that of controls (P < 0.01). The age was positively correlated with Fe and Cu, and negatively correlated with Ca, Phos, and Zn in controls (P < 0.05). Fe in male SZ patients was significantly higher than in female (P < 0.001), as well as in paranoid SZ and acute SZ (P < 0.05). Phos significantly increased after risperidone, clozapine, and aripiprazole treatment (P < 0.05), while Cu was decreased after clozapine and aripiprazole treatment. Zn significantly decreased particularly in mixed type SZ, acute SZ, and schizotypal SZ after antipsychotic treatment. These results suggested that higher concentration of Phos and lower concentration of Fe and Zn have important implications for the risk of SZ and the antipsychotic treatment is likely to result in the decreased Fe and increased Phos in the clinical subtypes of SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Huaian Third Hospital, 272 Huaihai West Road, Huaian, 223001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinghui Li
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Huaian Third Hospital, 272 Huaihai West Road, Huaian, 223001, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Zhang
- School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, China
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, No. 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yingshui Yao
- School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, China
| | - Chong Shen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, No. 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| | - Yong Xue
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Huaian Third Hospital, 272 Huaihai West Road, Huaian, 223001, People's Republic of China.
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Velthorst E, Smith L, Bello G, Austin C, Gennings C, Modabbernia A, Franke N, Frangou S, Wright R, de Haan L, Reichenberg A, Arora M. New Research Strategy for Measuring Pre- and Postnatal Metal Dysregulation in Psychotic Disorders. Schizophr Bull 2017; 43:1153-1157. [PMID: 28981868 PMCID: PMC5737339 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbx112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
While previous studies have found evidence for detrimental effects of metals on neurodevelopment, the long-term effects on mental health remain unclear. The objective was to explore the effect of early metal exposure on risk of psychotic disorder and on symptom severity following illness onset. Through the use of validated tooth-biomarkers, we estimated pre- and postnatal exposure levels of essential elements (copper, magnesium, manganese, and zinc) and elements associated with neurotoxicity (lead, arsenic, lithium, and tin). We found consistently higher levels of lithium in patients compared to controls. Higher levels of magnesium and lower levels of zinc were associated with more severe psychopathology over 20 years after metal exposure. The results show promise for the use of teeth biomarkers in examining early environmental risk for psychosis and underscore the relevance of studying metal exposure during critical neurodevelopmental periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Velthorst
- Department of Psychiatry,Seaver Center for Treatment and Research,To whom correspondence should be addressed; tel: 212-824-7174, fax: 212-966-8931, e-mail:
| | | | - Ghalib Bello
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA
| | - Christine Austin
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA
| | - Chris Gennings
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA
| | | | - Nathalie Franke
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Robert Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA
| | - Lieuwe de Haan
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Manish Arora
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA
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Lin T, Liu T, Lin Y, Yan L, Chen Z, Wang J. Comparative study on serum levels of macro and trace elements in schizophrenia based on supervised learning methods. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2017; 43:202-208. [PMID: 28385386 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The etiology and pathophysiology of schizophrenia (SCZ) remain obscure. This study explored the associations between SCZ risk and serum levels of 39 macro and trace elements (MTE). A 1:1 matched case-control study was conducted among 114 schizophrenia patients and 114 healthy controls matched by age, sex and region. Blood samples were collected to determine the concentrations of 39 MTE by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Both supervised learning methods and classical statistical testing were used to uncover the difference of MTE levels between cases and controls. The best prediction accuracies were 99.21% achieved by support vector machines in the original feature space (without dimensionality reduction), and 98.82% achieved by Naive Bayes with dimensionality reduction. More than half of MTE were found to be significantly different between SCZ patients and the controls. The presented investigation showed that there existed remarkable differences in concentrations of MTE between SCZ patients and healthy controls. The results of this study might be useful to diagnosis and prognosis of SCZ; they also indicated other promising applications in pharmacy and nutrition. However, the results should be interpreted with caution due to limited sample size and the lack of potential confounding factors, such as alcohol, smoking, body mass index (BMI), use of antipsychotics and dietary intakes. In the future the application of the analyses will be useful in designs that have larger sample sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Lin
- The Key Laboratory of Machine Perception (Ministry of Education), School of EECS, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Tiebing Liu
- Civil Aviation Medicine Center, Civil Aviation Administration of China, Beijing 100123, China.
| | - Yucheng Lin
- The Key Laboratory of Machine Perception (Ministry of Education), School of EECS, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Lailai Yan
- Center of Medical & Health Analysis, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Zhongxue Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington 47405, USA.
| | - Jingyu Wang
- Center of Medical & Health Analysis, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
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Robberecht H, Bruyne TD, Hermans N. Biomarkers of the metabolic syndrome: Influence of minerals, oligo- and trace elements. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2017; 43:23-28. [PMID: 28277234 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Influences of minerals, oligo- and trace elements on the concentration of biomarkers of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) are reviewed. Since food is a complex mixture of caloric compounds and essential non-caloric food components with multiple interactions and varying bioavailability, it is hard to separate or identify the effect of one single component in a total meal or diet. Moreover the diet contains various non-nutritive biologically active components, which may add some beneficial characteristics. Therefore, conclusions on the effect of components on various biomarkers of MetS are sometimes quite contradictory. Reasons therefore are mentioned. Literature data should be studied in detail to conclude whether a component is related to a reduction of MetS-related symptoms or whether its influence is merely affecting a biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Robberecht
- University of Antwerp, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Foods, NatuRA (Natural Products and Food-Research and Analysis), Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Tess De Bruyne
- University of Antwerp, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Foods, NatuRA (Natural Products and Food-Research and Analysis), Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Nina Hermans
- University of Antwerp, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Foods, NatuRA (Natural Products and Food-Research and Analysis), Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
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Abstract
Many psychopathological symptoms, including schizophrenia, can be associated with magnesium metabolism disturbances. In the literature, contradictory data exist regarding magnesium levels in patients with this disorder. However, this situation might be caused by determination of extracellular concentration of magnesium; although, this is mainly an intracellular ion. There are no data concerning determination of the ionized fraction of magnesium in patients with schizophrenia, while the ionized fraction represents 67% of the total pool of magnesium in healthy people. Also, the mechanism of magnesium action-the effect of magnesium ions on NMDA and GABA receptors-has not yet been fully investigated. There are preliminary studies aimed at increasing the effectiveness of schizophrenia pharmacotherapy via magnesium supplementation. Multidirectional activity of magnesium can significantly increase its therapeutic effect in psychiatry. This observation is confirmed by recent studies conducted by various research teams. However, further studies on the role of magnesium supplementation in patients with schizophrenia are needed.
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Kardum N, Konic Ristic A, Zec M, Kojadinovic M, Petrovic-Oggiano G, Zekovic M, Kroon PA, Glibetić M. Design, formulation and sensory evaluation of a polyphenol-rich food placebo: an example of aronia juice for food intervention studies. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2017; 68:742-749. [DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2017.1283682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nevena Kardum
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Konic Ristic
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Manja Zec
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Kojadinovic
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gordana Petrovic-Oggiano
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Zekovic
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Paul A. Kroon
- Food and Health Programme, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Glibetić
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Devanarayanan S, Nandeesha H, Kattimani S, Sarkar S, Jose J. Elevated copper, hs C-reactive protein and dyslipidemia in drug free schizophrenia: Relation with psychopathology score. Asian J Psychiatr 2016; 24:99-102. [PMID: 27931919 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2016.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation, dyslipidemia and altered copper levels have been reported in several psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia. However, their association with the severity of psychopathology in schizophrenia is yet to be established. The present study was designed to assess the serum levels of copper, highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and lipid profile and to explore their association with psychopathology scores in schizophrenia. 40 cases and 40 controls were included in the study. Serum copper, hs-CRP and lipid profile were estimated in all the subjects. Disease severity was assessed using Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Copper, hs-CRP, total cholesterol and LDL-Cholesterol were significantly increased and HDL-Cholesterol was significantly reduced in schizophrenia cases when compared with controls. Copper was positively correlated with hs-CRP (r=0.338, p=0.003). Total cholesterol was significantly correlated with PANSS total (r=0.452, p=0.003) and negative symptom scores (r=0.337, p=0.033). Triacylglycerol was positively correlated with general psychopathology symptom score (r=0.416, p=0.008). Copper and hs-CRP were increased and correlated well with each other in schizophrenia cases. Though total cholesterol and triacylglycerol showed positive association with severity of the psychopathology, copper and hs-CRP were not associated with the disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivasankar Devanarayanan
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Hanumanthappa Nandeesha
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India.
| | - Shivanand Kattimani
- Department of Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Siddharth Sarkar
- Department of Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Jancy Jose
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
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Robberecht H, Hermans N. Biomarkers of Metabolic Syndrome: Biochemical Background and Clinical Significance. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2016; 14:47-93. [PMID: 26808223 DOI: 10.1089/met.2015.0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers of the metabolic syndrome are divided into four subgroups. Although dividing them in groups has some limitations, it can be used to draw some conclusions. In a first part, the dyslipidemias and markers of oxidative stress are discussed, while inflammatory markers and cardiometabolic biomarkers are reviewed in a second part. For most of them, the biochemical background and clinical significance are discussed, although here also a well-cut separation cannot always be made. Altered levels cannot always be claimed as the cause, risk, or consequence of the syndrome. Several factors are interrelated to each other and act in a concerted, antagonistic, synergistic, or modulating way. Most important conclusions are summarized at the end of every reviewed subgroup. Genetic biomarkers or influences of various food components on concentration levels are not included in this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Robberecht
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, NatuRA (Natural Products and Food Research and Analysis), University of Antwerp , Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Nina Hermans
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, NatuRA (Natural Products and Food Research and Analysis), University of Antwerp , Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium
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Tajaddini MH, Keikha M, Razzazzadeh A, Kelishadi R. A systematic review on the association of serum selenium and metabolic syndrome. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES 2015; 20:782-9. [PMID: 26664427 PMCID: PMC4652313 DOI: 10.4103/1735-1995.168403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This systematic review paper aims to study the experimental and human studies on the relationship between metabolic syndrome (MetS), its component and selenium (Se) concentration. MATERIALS AND METHODS The literature was searched in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases with no time limitation using MetS X and Se key words in medical subject heading. The related papers were selected in three phases. After quality assessment, two reviewers extracted the data, whereas the third reviewer checked their extracted data. All evidence comes from experimental and laboratory studies. RESULTS Finally, 18 articles were included. While, some studies documented that as an antioxidant agent, Se might be correlated with endothelial function, large controversy exists about the type of correlation including positive, negative, and no correlation between MetS and Se levels in body. Some of the reviewed studies were focused on antioxidant supplementation effects on MetS, results also varied in this regard. CONCLUSION This inconsistency could be because of diversity in study design, population, lack of special focus on Se and MetS, and finally the complex nature of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hasan Tajaddini
- Department of Physiology, Applied Physiology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Keikha
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Razzazzadeh
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Serum trace element differences between Schizophrenia patients and controls in the Han Chinese population. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15013. [PMID: 26456296 PMCID: PMC4601041 DOI: 10.1038/srep15013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the trace element profile differences between Schizophrenia patients and healthy controls; previous studies about the association of certain elements with Schizophrenia have obtained conflicting results. To identify these differences in the Han Chinese population, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry was used to quantify the levels of 35 elements in the sera of 111 Schizophrenia patients and 110 healthy participants, which consisted of a training (61/61 for cases/controls included) and a test group including remaining participants. An orthogonal projection to latent structures model was constructed from the training group (R2Y = 0.465, Q2cum = 0.343) had a sensitivity of 76.0% and a specificity of 71.4% in the test group. Single element analysis indicated that the concentrations of cesium, zinc, and selenium were significantly reduced in patients with Schizophrenia in both the training and test groups. The meta-analysis including 522 cases and 360 controls supported that Zinc was significantly associated with Schizophrenia (standardized mean difference [SMD], −0.81; 95% confidence intervals [CI], −1.46 to −0.16, P = 0.01) in the random-effect model. Information theory analysis indicated that Zinc could play roles independently in Schizophrenia. These results suggest clear element profile differences between patients with Schizophrenia and healthy controls, and reduced Zn level is confirmed in the Schizophrenia patients.
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Solovyev ND. Importance of selenium and selenoprotein for brain function: From antioxidant protection to neuronal signalling. J Inorg Biochem 2015; 153:1-12. [PMID: 26398431 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Multiple biological functions of selenium manifest themselves mainly via 25 selenoproteins that have selenocysteine at their active centre. Selenium is vital for the brain and seems to participate in the pathology of disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and epilepsy. Since selenium was shown to be involved in diverse functions of the central nervous system, such as motor performance, coordination, memory and cognition, a possible role of selenium and selenoproteins in brain signalling pathways may be assumed. The aim of the present review is to analyse possible relations between selenium and neurotransmission. Selenoproteins seem to be of special importance in the development and functioning of GABAergic (GABA, γ-aminobutyric acid) parvalbumin positive interneurons of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Dopamine pathway might be also selenium dependent as selenium shows neuroprotection in the nigrostriatal pathway and also exerts toxicity towards dopaminergic neurons under higher concentrations. Recent findings also point to acetylcholine neurotransmission involvement. The role of selenium and selenoproteins in neurotransmission might not only be limited to their antioxidant properties but also to inflammation, influencing protein phosphorylation and ion channels, alteration of calcium homeostasis and brain cholesterol metabolism. Moreover, a direct signalling function was proposed for selenoprotein P through interaction with post-synaptic apoliprotein E receptors 2 (ApoER2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay D Solovyev
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 198504, Russian Federation.
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Liu T, Lu QB, Yan L, Guo J, Feng F, Qiu J, Wang J. Comparative Study on Serum Levels of 10 Trace Elements in Schizophrenia. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0133622. [PMID: 26186003 PMCID: PMC4505857 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The etiology and pathophysiology of schizophrenia remain obscure. This study explored the associations between schizophrenia risk and serum levels of 10 trace elements. A 1:1 matched case-control study was conducted and matched by age and sex. Blood samples were collected to determine the concentrations of nickel, molybdenum, arsenic, aluminum, chromium, manganese, selenium, copper, iron and zinc by an inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The conditional logistic regression model was used to analyze the associations between trace elements and schizophrenia risk. Totally 114 schizophrenia patients and 114 healthy controls were recruited in the study. The multivariate analysis demonstrated that copper≤0.97 μg/mL, selenium≤72 ng/mL and manganese>3.95 ng/mL were associated with an increased risk of schizophrenia. The study showed that lower levels of selenium, copper and higher levels of manganese were found in schizophrenia patients compared with healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiebing Liu
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Civil Aviation Medicine Center, Civil Aviation Administration of China, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing-Bin Lu
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lailai Yan
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, PLA 261st Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fangbo Feng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, PLA 261st Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinyun Qiu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, PLA 261st Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Prakash A, Bharti K, Majeed ABA. Zinc: indications in brain disorders. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2015; 29:131-49. [PMID: 25659970 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Zinc is the authoritative metal which is present in our body, and reactive zinc metal is crucial for neuronal signaling and is largely distributed within presynaptic vesicles. Zinc also plays an important role in synaptic function. At cellular level, zinc is a modulator of synaptic activity and neuronal plasticity in both development and adulthood. Different importers and transporters are involved in zinc homeostasis. ZnT-3 is a main transporter involved in zinc homeostasis in the brain. It has been found that alterations in brain zinc status have been implicated in a wide range of neurological disorders including impaired brain development and many neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, and mood disorders including depression, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and prion disease. Furthermore, zinc has also been implicated in neuronal damage associated with traumatic brain injury, stroke, and seizure. Understanding the mechanisms that control brain zinc homeostasis is thus critical to the development of preventive and treatment strategies for these and other neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atish Prakash
- Brain Degeneration and Therapeutics Group, Brain and Neuroscience Communities of Research, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam, 40450, Malaysia; Department of Pharmacology, ISF college of Pharmacy, Ghal kalan, Moga, 142-001, India; Brain Research Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Puncak Alam, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Bandar Puncak Alam, 42300, Malaysia
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Valproate reverts zinc and potassium imbalance in schizophrenia-derived reprogrammed cells. Schizophr Res 2014; 154:30-5. [PMID: 24593932 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2014.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Revised: 02/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia has been considered a devastating clinical syndrome rather than a single disease. Nevertheless, the mechanisms behind the onset of schizophrenia have been only partially elucidated. Several studies propose that levels of trace elements are abnormal in schizophrenia; however, conflicting data generated from different biological sources prevent conclusions being drawn. In this work, we used synchrotron radiation X-ray microfluorescence spectroscopy to compare trace element levels in neural progenitor cells (NPCs) derived from two clones of induced pluripotent stem cell lines of a clozapine-resistant schizophrenic patient and two controls. Our data reveal the presence of elevated levels of potassium and zinc in schizophrenic NPCs. Neural cells treated with valproate, an adjunctive medication for schizophrenia, brought potassium and zinc content back to control levels. These results expand the understanding of atomic element imbalance related to schizophrenia and may provide novel insights for the screening of drugs to treat mental disorders.
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