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Takashima M, Yamamura S, Tamiya C, Inami M, Takamura Y, Inatani M, Oki M. Glutamate is effective in decreasing opacity formed in galactose-induced cataract model. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4123. [PMID: 38374148 PMCID: PMC10876653 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54559-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Although cataract is the leading cause of blindness worldwide, the detailed pathogenesis of cataract remains unclear, and clinically useful drug treatments are still lacking. In this study, we examined the effects of glutamate using an ex vivo model in which rat lens is cultured in a galactose-containing medium to induce opacity formation. After inducing lens opacity formation in galactose medium, glutamate was added, and the opacity decreased when the culture was continued. Next, microarray analysis was performed using samples in which the opacity was reduced by glutamate, and genes whose expression increased with galactose culture and decreased with the addition of glutamate were extracted. Subsequently, STRING analysis was performed on a group of genes that showed variation as a result of quantitative measurement of gene expression by RT-qPCR. The results suggest that apoptosis, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, cell proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cytoskeleton, and histones are involved in the formation and reduction of opacity. Therefore, glutamate may reduce opacity by inhibiting oxidative stress and its downstream functions, and by regulating the cytoskeleton and cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Takashima
- Department of Industrial Creation Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Shunki Yamamura
- Department of Industrial Creation Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Chie Tamiya
- Department of Industrial Creation Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Mayumi Inami
- Technical Division, School of Engineering, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Takamura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Masaru Inatani
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Masaya Oki
- Department of Industrial Creation Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan.
- Life Science Innovation Center, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan.
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Marques E, Alves Teixeira M, Nguyen C, Terzi F, Gallazzini M. Lipocalin-2 induces mitochondrial dysfunction in renal tubular cells via mTOR pathway activation. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113032. [PMID: 37624695 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a critical process in renal epithelial cells upon kidney injury. While its implication in kidney disease progression is established, the mechanisms modulating it remain unclear. Here, we describe the role of Lipocalin-2 (LCN2), a protein expressed in injured tubular cells, in mitochondrial dysfunction. We show that LCN2 expression decreases mitochondrial mass and function and induces mitochondrial fragmentation. Importantly, while LCN2 expression favors DRP1 mitochondrial recruitment, DRP1 inhibition antagonizes LCN2's effect on mitochondrial shape. Remarkably, LCN2 promotes mitochondrial fragmentation independently of its secretion or transport iron activity. Mechanistically, intracellular LCN2 expression increases mTOR activity, and rapamycin inhibits LCN2's effect on mitochondrial shape. In vivo, Lcn2 gene inactivation prevents mTOR activation and mitochondrial length decrease observed upon ischemia-reperfusion-induced kidney injury (IRI) in Lcn2+/+ mice. Our data identify LCN2 as a key regulator of mitochondrial dynamics and further elucidate the mechanisms leading to mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloïse Marques
- Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies of Chronic Kidney Disease, INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, Université Paris Cité, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, 160 Rue de Vaugirard, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Maraiza Alves Teixeira
- Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies of Chronic Kidney Disease, INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, Université Paris Cité, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, 160 Rue de Vaugirard, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Clément Nguyen
- Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies of Chronic Kidney Disease, INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, Université Paris Cité, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, 160 Rue de Vaugirard, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Fabiola Terzi
- Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies of Chronic Kidney Disease, INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, Université Paris Cité, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, 160 Rue de Vaugirard, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Morgan Gallazzini
- Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies of Chronic Kidney Disease, INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, Université Paris Cité, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, 160 Rue de Vaugirard, 75015 Paris, France.
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Lipocalin 2 Reduces MET Levels by Inhibiting MEK/ERK Signaling to Inhibit Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cell Migration. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225707. [PMID: 36428800 PMCID: PMC9688489 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is the most common cancer that occurs in the nasopharynx, and it is difficult to detect early. The main cause of death of NPC patients is cancer metastasis. Lipocalin 2 (LCN2) has been shown to be involved in a variety of carcinogenesis processes. Here, we aimed to study the role of LCN2 in NPC cells and determine its underlying mechanism. We found that LCN2 was expressed differently in NPC cell lines, namely HONE-1, NPC-39, and NPC-BM. The down-regulation of LCN2 levels by siRNA targeting LCN2 (siLCN2) increased cell migration and invasion in HONE-1 cells, while the up-regulation of LCN2 levels by transfection with the LCN2 expression plasmid decreased cell migration and invasion in NPC-BM cells. Furthermore, LCN2 levels negatively regulated the phosphorylation of MEK/ERK pathways. The treatment of the specific MEK/ERK inhibitor, U0126, reduced cell migration in HONE-1 cells, whereas the treatment of tBHQ, an ERK activator, enhanced cell migration in NPC-BM cells. Based on the bioinformatics data, there was a moderately negative correlation between LCN2 and MET in metastatic NPC tissues (r = -0.5946, p = 0.0022). Indeed, the manipulation of LCN2 levels negatively regulated MET levels in these NPC cells. The treatment of U0126 reduced siLCN2-increased MET levels, while the treatment of tBHQ enhanced LCN2-enhanced MET levels. Interestingly, the down-regulation of MET levels by siMET further decreased siLCN2-enhanced MET levels and cell migration. Therefore, LCN2 inhibits NPC cell migration by reducing MET levels through MEK/ERK signaling.
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Regulation of the Nfkbiz Gene and Its Protein Product IkBζ in Animal Models of Sepsis and Endotoxic Shock. Infect Immun 2021; 89:IAI.00674-20. [PMID: 33431705 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00674-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening condition that arises from a poorly regulated inflammatory response to pathogenic organisms. Current treatments are limited to antibiotics, fluid resuscitation, and other supportive therapies. New targets for monitoring disease progression and therapeutic interventions are therefore critically needed. We previously reported that lipocalin-2 (Lcn2), a bacteriostatic mediator with potent proapoptotic activities, was robustly induced in sepsis. Other studies showed that Lcn2 was a predictor of mortality in septic patients. However, how Lcn2 is regulated during sepsis is poorly understood. We evaluated how IkBζ, an inducer of Lcn2, was regulated in sepsis using both the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) and endotoxemia (lipopolysaccharide [LPS]) animal models. We show that Nfkbiz, the gene encoding IkBζ, was rapidly stimulated but, unlike Lcn2, whose expression persists during sepsis, mRNA levels of Nfkbiz decline to near basal levels several hours after its induction. In contrast, we observed that IkBζ expression remained highly elevated in septic animals following CLP but not LPS, indicating the occurrence of a CLP-specific mechanism that extends IkBζ half-life. By using an inhibitor of IkBζ, we determined that the expression of Lcn2 was largely controlled by IkBζ. Altogether, these data indicate that the high IkBζ expression in tissues likely contributes to the elevated expression of Lcn2 in sepsis. Since IkBζ is also capable of promoting or repressing other inflammatory genes, it might exert a central role in sepsis.
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Krizanac M, Mass Sanchez PB, Weiskirchen R, Asimakopoulos A. A Scoping Review on Lipocalin-2 and Its Role in Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2865. [PMID: 33799862 PMCID: PMC8000927 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Excess calorie intake and a sedentary lifestyle have made non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) one of the fastest growing forms of liver disease of the modern world. It is characterized by abnormal accumulation of fat in the liver and can range from simple steatosis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) to cirrhosis as well as development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Biopsy is the golden standard for the diagnosis and differentiation of all NAFLD stages, but its invasiveness poses a risk for patients, which is why new, non-invasive ways of diagnostics ought to be discovered. Lipocalin-2 (LCN2), which is a part of the lipocalin transport protein family, is a protein formally known for its role in iron transport and in inflammatory response. However, in recent years, its implication in the pathogenesis of NAFLD has become apparent. LCN2 shows significant upregulation in several benign and malignant liver diseases, making it a good candidate for the NAFLD biomarker or even a therapeutic target. What makes LCN2 more interesting to study is the fact that it is overexpressed in HCC development induced by chronic NASH, which is one of the primary causes of cancer-related deaths. However, to this day, neither its role as a biomarker for NAFLD nor the molecular mechanisms of its implication in NAFLD pathogenesis have been completely elucidated. This review aims to gather and closely dissect the current knowledge about, sometimes conflicting, evidence on LCN2 as a biomarker for NAFLD, its involvement in NAFLD, and NAFLD-HCC related pathogenesis, while comparing it to the findings in similar pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (M.K.); (P.B.M.S.)
| | - Anastasia Asimakopoulos
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (M.K.); (P.B.M.S.)
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Chen X, Lu J, Zhao X, Chen C, Qiao D, Wang H, Yue X. Role of C/EBP-β in Methamphetamine-Mediated Microglial Apoptosis. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:366. [PMID: 31496936 PMCID: PMC6712175 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (MA) is a widely abused psychoactive drug that primarily damages the nervous system. However, the involvement of MA in the survival of microglia remains poorly understood. CCAAT-enhancer binding protein (C/EBP-β) is a transcription factor and an important regulator of cell apoptosis. Lipocalin2 (lcn2) is a known apoptosis inducer and is involved in many cell death processes. We hypothesized that C/EBP-β is involved in MA-induced lcn2-mediated microglial apoptosis. To test this hypothesis, we measured the protein expression of C/EBP-β after MA treatment and evaluated the effects of silencing C/EBP-β or lcn2 on MA-induced apoptosis in BV-2 cells and the mouse striatum after intrastriatal MA injection. MA exposure increased the expression of C/EBP-β and stimulated the lcn2-mediated modulation of apoptosis. Moreover, silencing the C/EBP-β-dependent lcn2 upregulation reversed the MA-induced microglial apoptosis. The in vivo relevance of these findings was confirmed in mouse models, which demonstrated that the microinjection of anti-C/EBP-β into the striatum ameliorated the MA-induced decrease survival of microglia. These findings provide a new insight regarding the specific contributions of C/EBP-β-lcn2 to microglial survival in the context of MA abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuebing Chen
- School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiancong Lu
- School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuanxiang Chen
- School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongfang Qiao
- School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huijun Wang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xia Yue
- School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Perilipin 5 and Lipocalin 2 Expression in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11030385. [PMID: 30893876 PMCID: PMC6468921 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11030385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent and deadly cancers worldwide. Therefore, current global research focuses on molecular tools for early diagnosis of HCC, which can lead to effective treatment at an early stage. Perilipin 5 (PLIN5) has been studied as one of the main proteins of the perilipin family, whose role is to maintain lipid homeostasis by inhibiting lipolysis. In this study, we show for the first time that PLIN5 is strongly expressed in tumors of human patients with HCC as well as in mouse livers, in which HCC was genetically or experimentally induced by treatment with the genotoxic agent diethylnitrosamine. Moreover, the secreted acute phase glycoprotein Lipocalin 2 (LCN2) established as a biomarker of acute kidney injury, is also proven to indicate liver injury with upregulated expression in numerous cases of hepatic damage, including steatohepatitis. LCN2 has been studied in various cancers, and it has been assigned roles in multiple cellular processes such as the suppression of the invasion of HCC cells and their metastatic abilities. The presence of this protein in blood and urine, in combination with the presence of α-Fetoprotein (AFP), is hypothesized to serve as a biomarker of early stages of HCC. In the current study, we show in humans and mice that LCN2 is secreted into the serum from liver cancer tissue. We also show that AFP-positive hepatocytes represent the main source for the massive expression of LCN2 in tumoral tissue. Thus, the strong presence of PLIN5 and LCN2 in HCC and understanding their roles could establish them as markers for diagnosis or as treatment targets against HCC.
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8
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Yang J, Dou Z, Peng X, Wang H, Shen T, Liu J, Li G, Gao Y. Transcriptomics and proteomics analyses of anti-cancer mechanisms of TR35-An active fraction from Xinjiang Bactrian camel milk in esophageal carcinoma cell. Clin Nutr 2018; 38:2349-2359. [PMID: 30420292 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The aim of the paper is to investigate the effect of the active fraction extracted from the Xinjiang Bactrian camel whey on the human cancer cells using an in vitro and in vivo model of human carcinoma of the esophagus. METHODS AND RESULTS Our results demonstrated that an antitumor active fraction, TR35, isolated from Xinjiang Bactrian camel milk could significantly inhibit Eca109 cell proliferation and induce its apoptosis (indicated by MTT assay, Annexin V-FITC Apoptosis Detection, and caspase-3 activity). Moreover, we found that TR35 could inhibit the growth of xenografted tumor in nude mice without loss in body weight. Furthermore, we used RNA-Seq and 2-DE combined Mass Spectrometry analysis to identify differentially expressed RNA and protein markers of apoptosis and necrosis. Compared with untreated Eca109 cells, a total of 405 differentially expressed genes and 55 differentially expressed proteins were identified in TR35 treated Eca109 cells. KEGG analysis uncovered signaling pathways closely associated with cancer inhibition that were enriched in the TR35-treated cells. CONCLUSIONS These results might implicate that downregulation of specific proteins identified in this study may be the cause of this tumor growth inhibition. This study sheds light on the potential therapeutic advantages based on the historical anti-cancer activities of camel milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Zhihua Dou
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xi Peng
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongjuan Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Tong Shen
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Guan Li
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yang Gao
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
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Oh SM, Park G, Lee SH, Seo CS, Shin HK, Oh DS. Assessing the recovery from prerenal and renal acute kidney injury after treatment with single herbal medicine via activity of the biomarkers HMGB1, NGAL and KIM-1 in kidney proximal tubular cells treated by cisplatin with different doses and exposure times. Altern Ther Health Med 2017; 17:544. [PMID: 29258482 PMCID: PMC5738030 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-2055-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an initial factor in many kidney disorders. Pre- and intra-renal AKI biomarkers have recently been reported. Recovery from AKI by herbal medicine has rarely been reported. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the dose- and time-dependent effects of herbal medicines to protect against AKI in cisplatin-induced human kidney 2 (HK-2) cells by assessing the activities of high-mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1). Methods Proximal tubular HK-2 cell lines were treated with either 400 μM of cisplatin for 6 h or 10 μM of cisplatin for 24 h and then exposed to ten types of single herbal medicines, including Nelumbo nymphaea (NY) at a dose of 100 μg/mL. The AKI biomarkers HMGB1, NGAL and KIM-1 were repeatedly measured by an ELISA assay at 2, 4, and 6 h in the group treated with 400 μM of cisplatin to confirm necrotic cell death and at 6, 24, and 48 h in the group treated with 10 μM of cisplatin to examine apoptotic cell death. Recovery confirm was conducted through in vivo study using ICR mice for 3 day NY or Paeonia suffruticosa intake. Results Cisplatin treatment at a concentration of 10 μM decreased cell viability. Treatment with 400 μM of cisplatin reduced HMBG1 activity and resulted in lactate dehydrogenase release. In longer exposure durations (up to 48 h), NGAL and KIM-1 exhibited activity from 24 h onward. Additionally, NY treatment resulted in an approximately 50% change in all three biomarkers. The time-dependent profiles of HMGB1, NGAL and KIM-1 activities up to 48 h were notably different; HMGB1 exhibited a 7-fold change at 6 h, and NGAL and KIM-1 exhibited 1.7-fold changes at 24 h, respectively. Consistently, serum and urine NGAL and KIM-1 activities were all reduced in ICR mice. Conclusions Several single herbal medicines, including NY, have a potential as effectors of AKI due to their ability to inhibit the activation of HMGB1, NGAL and KIM-1 in an in vitro AKI-mimicked condition and simple in vivo confirm. Furthermore, an in vivo proof-of-concept study is needed. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12906-017-2055-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Jha MK, Kim JH, Song GJ, Lee WH, Lee IK, Lee HW, An SSA, Kim S, Suk K. Functional dissection of astrocyte-secreted proteins: Implications in brain health and diseases. Prog Neurobiol 2017; 162:37-69. [PMID: 29247683 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes, which are homeostatic cells of the central nervous system (CNS), display remarkable heterogeneity in their morphology and function. Besides their physical and metabolic support to neurons, astrocytes modulate the blood-brain barrier, regulate CNS synaptogenesis, guide axon pathfinding, maintain brain homeostasis, affect neuronal development and plasticity, and contribute to diverse neuropathologies via secreted proteins. The identification of astrocytic proteome and secretome profiles has provided new insights into the maintenance of neuronal health and survival, the pathogenesis of brain injury, and neurodegeneration. Recent advances in proteomics research have provided an excellent catalog of astrocyte-secreted proteins. This review categorizes astrocyte-secreted proteins and discusses evidence that astrocytes play a crucial role in neuronal activity and brain function. An in-depth understanding of astrocyte-secreted proteins and their pathways is pivotal for the development of novel strategies for restoring brain homeostasis, limiting brain injury/inflammation, counteracting neurodegeneration, and obtaining functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mithilesh Kumar Jha
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jong-Heon Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyun Jee Song
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Ha Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Won Lee
- Department of Neurology, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Soo A An
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - SangYun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungho Suk
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Hossain MI, Horie M, Yoshioka N, Kurose M, Yamamura K, Takebayashi H. Motoneuron degeneration in the trigeminal motor nucleus innervating the masseter muscle in Dystonia musculorum mice. Neurochem Int 2017; 119:159-170. [PMID: 29061384 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Dystonia musculorum (dt) mice, which have a mutation in the Dystonin (Dst) gene, are used as animal models to investigate the human disease known as hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type VI. Massive neuronal cell death is observed, mainly in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) of dt mice. We and others have recently reported a histopathological feature of these mice that neurofilament (NF) accumulates in various areas of the central nervous system (CNS), including motor pathways. Although dt mice show motor disorder and growth retardation, the causes for these are still unknown. Here we performed histopathological analyses on motor units of the trigeminal motor nucleus (Mo5 nucleus), because they are a good system to understand neuronal responses in the mutant CNS, and abnormalities in this system may lead to problems in mastication, with subsequent growth retardation. We report that motoneurons with NF accumulation in the Mo5 nuclei of DstGt homozygous mice express the stress-induced genes CHOP, ATF3, and lipocalin 2 (Lcn2). We also show a reduced number of Mo5 motoneurons and a reduced size of Mo5 nuclei in DstGt homozygous mice, possibly due to apoptosis, given the presence of cleaved caspase 3-positive Mo5 motoneurons. In the mandibular (V3) branches of the trigeminal nerve, which contains axons of Mo5 motoneurons and trigeminal sensory neurons, there was infiltration of Iba1-positive macrophages. Finally, we report atrophy of the masseter muscles in DstGt homozygous mice, which showed abnormal nuclear localization of myofibrils and increased expression of atrogin-1 mRNA, a muscle atrophy-related gene and weaker masseter muscle strength with uncontrolled muscle activity by electromyography (EMG). Taken together, our findings strongly suggest that mastication in dt mice is affected due to abnormalities of Mo5 motoneurons and masseter muscles, leading to growth retardation at the post-weaning stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ibrahim Hossain
- Division of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Masao Horie
- Division of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Nozomu Yoshioka
- Division of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan; Transdisciplinary Research Program, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Masayuki Kurose
- Division of Oral Physiology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Kensuke Yamamura
- Division of Oral Physiology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Hirohide Takebayashi
- Division of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan.
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12
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Pathogenic Upregulation of Glial Lipocalin-2 in the Parkinsonian Dopaminergic System. J Neurosci 2017; 36:5608-22. [PMID: 27194339 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4261-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) is a member of the highly heterogeneous secretory protein family of lipocalins and increases in its levels can contribute to neurodegeneration in the adult brain. However, there are no reports on the role of LCN2 in Parkinson's disease (PD). Here, we report for the first time that LCN2 expression is increased in the substantia nigra (SN) of patients with PD. In mouse brains, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) treatment for a neurotoxin model of PD significantly upregulated LCN2 expression, mainly in reactive astrocytes in both the SN and striatum. The increased LCN2 levels contributed to neurotoxicity and neuroinflammation, resulting in disruption of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic (DA) projection and abnormal locomotor behaviors, which were ameliorated in LCN2-deficient mice. Similar to the effects of MPTP treatment, LCN2-induced neurotoxicity was also observed in the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-treated animal model of PD. Moreover, treatment with the iron donor ferric citrate (FC) and the iron chelator deferoxamine mesylate (DFO) increased and decreased, respectively, the LCN2-induced neurotoxicity in vivo In addition to the in vivo results, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+))-induced neurotoxicity in cocultures of mesencephalic neurons and astrocytes was reduced by LCN2 gene deficiency in the astrocytes and conditioned media derived from MPP(+)-treated SH-SY5Y neuronal enhanced glial expression of LCN2 in vitro Therefore, our results demonstrate that astrocytic LCN2 upregulation in the lesioned DA system may play a role as a potential pathogenic factor in PD and suggest that inhibition of LCN2 expression or activity may be useful in protecting the nigrostriatal DA system in the adult brain. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Lipocalin-2 (LCN2), a member of the highly heterogeneous secretory protein family of lipocalins, may contribute to neuroinflammation and neurotoxicity in the brain. However, LCN2 expression and its role in Parkinson's disease (PD) are largely unknown. Here, we report that LCN2 is upregulated in the substantia nigra of patients with PD and neurotoxin-treated animal models of PD. Our results suggest that LCN2 upregulation might be a potential pathogenic mechanism of PD, which would result in disruption of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system through neurotoxic iron accumulation and neuroinflammation. Therefore, inhibition of LCN2 expression or activity may be useful in protecting the nigrostriatal dopaminergic projection in PD.
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Abstract
Lipocalin 2 (Lcn2), an innate immune protein, has emerged as a critical iron regulatory protein during physiological and inflammatory conditions. As a bacteriostatic factor, Lcn2 obstructs the siderophore iron-acquiring strategy of bacteria and thus inhibits bacterial growth. As part of host nutritional immunity, Lcn2 facilitates systemic, cellular, and mucosal hypoferremia during inflammation, in addition to stabilizing the siderophore-bound labile iron pool. In this review, we summarize recent advances in understanding the interaction between Lcn2 and iron, and its effects in various inflammatory diseases. Lcn2 exerts mostly a protective role in infectious and inflammatory bowel diseases, whereas both beneficial and detrimental functions have been documented in neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic syndrome, renal disorders, skin disorders, and cancer. Further animal and clinical studies are necessary to unveil the multifaceted roles of Lcn2 in iron dysregulation during inflammation and to explore its therapeutic potential for treating inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Xiao
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802;
| | - Beng San Yeoh
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802;
| | - Matam Vijay-Kumar
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802; .,Department of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033
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Asimakopoulou A, Fülöp A, Borkham-Kamphorst E, de Leur EV, Gassler N, Berger T, Beine B, Meyer HE, Mak TW, Hopf C, Henkel C, Weiskirchen R. Altered mitochondrial and peroxisomal integrity in lipocalin-2-deficient mice with hepatic steatosis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:2093-2110. [PMID: 28396286 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) is a secreted adipokine that transports small hydrophobic molecules such as fatty acids and steroids. LCN2 limits bacterial growth by sequestering iron-containing siderophores and in mammalian liver protects against inflammation, infection, injury and other stressors. Because LCN2 modulates hepatic fat metabolism and homeostasis, we performed a comparative profiling of proteins and lipids of wild type (WT) and Lcn2-deficient mice fed either standard chow or a methionine- and choline-deficient (MCD) diet. Label-free proteomics and 2D-DIGE protein expression profiling revealed differential expression of BRIT1/MCPH1, FABP5, HMGB1, HBB2, and L-FABP, results confirmed by Western blotting. Gene ontology enrichment analysis identified enrichment for genes associated with mitochondrial membrane permeabilization and metabolic processes involving carboxylic acid. Measurements of mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial chelatable iron pool, intracellular lipid peroxidation, and peroxisome numbers in primary hepatocytes confirmed that LCN2 regulates mitochondrial and peroxisomal integrity. Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-Of-Flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry imaging identified significant changes to sphingomyelins, triglycerides, and glycerophospholipids in livers of mice fed an MCD diet regardless of LCN2 status. However, two arachidonic acid-containing glycerophospholipids were increased in Lcn2-deficient livers. Thus, LCN2 influences peroxisomal and mitochondrial biology in the liver to maintain triglyceride balance, handle oxidative stress, and control apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Asimakopoulou
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Annabelle Fülöp
- Applied Research Center in Biomedical Mass Spectrometry (ABIMAS), Instrumental Analysis and Bioanalysis, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Erawan Borkham-Kamphorst
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Eddy Van de Leur
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Thorsten Berger
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Birte Beine
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., Dortmund, Germany; Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany
| | - Helmut E Meyer
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., Dortmund, Germany
| | - Tak W Mak
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Carsten Hopf
- Applied Research Center in Biomedical Mass Spectrometry (ABIMAS), Instrumental Analysis and Bioanalysis, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Corinna Henkel
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., Dortmund, Germany; Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany; Bruker Daltonik GmbH, Bremen
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
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Martinel Lamas DJ, Cortina JE, Ventura C, Sterle HA, Valli E, Balestrasse KB, Blanco H, Cremaschi GA, Rivera ES, Medina VA. Enhancement of ionizing radiation response by histamine in vitro and in vivo in human breast cancer. Cancer Biol Ther 2015; 16:137-48. [PMID: 25482934 DOI: 10.4161/15384047.2014.987091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The radioprotective potential of histamine on healthy tissue has been previously demonstrated. The aims of this work were to investigate the combinatorial effect of histamine or its receptor ligands and gamma radiation in vitro on the radiobiological response of 2 breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7), to explore the potential molecular mechanisms of the radiosensitizing action and to evaluate the histamine-induced radiosensitization in vivo in a triple negative breast cancer model. Results indicate that histamine significantly increased the radiosensitivity of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells. This effect was mimicked by the H1R agonist 2-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)histamine and the H4R agonists (Clobenpropit and VUF8430) in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells, respectively. Histamine and its agonists enhanced radiation-induced oxidative DNA damage, DNA double-strand breaks, apoptosis and senescence. These effects were associated with increased production of reactive oxygen species, which correlated with the inhibition of catalase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities in MDA-MB-231 cells. Histamine was able also to potentiate in vivo the anti-tumoral effect of radiation, increasing the exponential tumor doubling time. We conclude that histamine increased radiation response of breast cancer cells, suggesting that it could be used as a potential adjuvant to enhance the efficacy of radiotherapy.
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Key Words
- 3F-MPHA, 2-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)histamine
- 8-OHdG, 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine
- BSA, bovine seroalbumine
- BrdU, 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine
- Clob, clobenpropit
- DCFH-DA, dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate
- Dapi, 4′-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole
- ER, estrogen receptor
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- GPx, glutathione peroxidase
- Gy, gray
- H1R, histamine receptor 1
- H2O2, hydrogen peroxide
- H2R, histamine receptor 2
- H3R, histamine receptor 3
- H4R, histamine receptor 4
- HA, histamine
- IgG, immunoglobuline G
- PBS, phosphate buffer saline
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SEM, standard error of mean
- SF, surviving fraction
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- TUNEL, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling
- U, unit
- apoptosis
- breast cancer
- cell proliferation
- histamine
- ionizing radiation
- radio-potentiation
- reactive oxygen species
- sc, subcutaneous
- γH2AX, phosphorylated histone H2AX
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego J Martinel Lamas
- a Laboratory of Radioisotopes; School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry , University of Buenos Aires ; Buenos Aires , Argentina
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Asimakopoulou A, Weiskirchen R. Lipocalin 2 in the pathogenesis of fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.2217/clp.14.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Diverse functional roles of lipocalin-2 in the central nervous system. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015; 49:135-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Lu KH, Chen PN, Lue KH, Lai MT, Lin MS, Hsieh YS, Chu SC. 2'-hydroxyflavanone induces apoptosis of human osteosarcoma 143 B cells by activating the extrinsic TRAIL- and intrinsic mitochondria-mediated pathways. Nutr Cancer 2014; 66:625-35. [PMID: 24734951 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2014.894100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Flavanones demonstrate a propensity to antiproliferation and induce apoptosis of malignant cells. Among the 4 flavanones under study, 2'-hydroxyflavanone exhibited the greatest potency to reduce the cell viability of 143 B cells in 4 osteosarcoma cells. Flow cytometry analysis showed that 2'-hydroxyflavanone increased the hypodiploid cells in the sub-G1 phase but resulted in the reduced DNA content in the G0/G1 phase in 143 B cells. The 2'-hydroxyflavanone-induced apoptosis in 143 B cells was confirmed by 4'-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining and mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) assay. Increasing expressions of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and death receptor 5 (DR5) were found in 2'-hydroxyflavanone-treated cells. Moreover, 2'-hydroxyflavanone increased the expressions of B-cell lymphoma-extra small, cytochrome c, and cleavage poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase but downregulated B-cell lymphoma/leukemia-2expressions in 143 B cells. Furthermore, in vivo experiments showed that 2'-hydroxyflavanone inhibited the tumor growth of 143 B cells. 2'-hydroxyflavanone induced the apoptosis of 143 B cells via the extrinsic TRAIL- and intrinsic mitochondrial-dependent pathways, indicating its potential for inducing cancer apoptosis in osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ko-Hsiu Lu
- a Department of Orthopedics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan and School of Medicine , Chung Shan Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan
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Tung MC, Hsieh SC, Yang SF, Cheng CW, Tsai RT, Wang SC, Huang MH, Hsieh YH. Knockdown of lipocalin-2 suppresses the growth and invasion of prostate cancer cells. Prostate 2013; 73:1281-90. [PMID: 23775308 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) is a member of the lipocalin superfamily, and it has an important role in the regulation of cellular oncogenesis and apoptosis. However, the role for LCN2 in prostate cancer remains unclear. METHOD LCN2 expression has been determined by Western blotting, qRT-PCR, and immunohistochemistry in the human prostate cell lines PC3, DU145, LNCaP, and 22Rv, and in human prostate tissue array. In this study, we identified shRNA-LCN2 to determine the role of LCN2 in prostate-cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Cell proliferative ability was measured by MTT, colony-formation, and cell-cycle analysis. The role of LCN2 in prostate-cancer cell migration and invasion was analyzed by cell-migration assay and Matrigel invasion assay. The effect of LCN2 knockdown on prostate tumor growth was assessed in a subcutaneous xenograft model. RESULTS LCN2 protein and mRNA expression are higher in PC3 and DU145 cells than in LNCaP and 22Rv cells, and prostate cancer tissue correlated significantly with tumor differentiation (P < 0.017) and Gleason's grade (P < 0.02). LCN2 knockdown in PC3 and DU145 cells decreased cell proliferation, colony formation, cell cycle arrest, migration, and invasion. Conversely, LCN2 overexpression in 22Rv cells produced the opposite effect. Subcutaneous xenografts in mice models showed decreased tumor growth in the LCN2-knockdown mice. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that LCN2 might play an important role in regulation of proliferation and invasion of human prostate cancer, and that it can be a valuable marker of prostate cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Che Tung
- Department of Surgery, Tungs' Taichung Metro Harbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Bousserouel S, Le Grandois J, Gossé F, Werner D, Barth SW, Marchioni E, Marescaux J, Raul F. Methanolic extract of white asparagus shoots activates TRAIL apoptotic death pathway in human cancer cells and inhibits colon carcinogenesis in a preclinical model. Int J Oncol 2013; 43:394-404. [PMID: 23754197 PMCID: PMC3775565 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.1976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Shoots of white asparagus are a popular vegetable dish, known to be rich in many bioactive phytochemicals reported to possess antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory and antitumor activities. We evaluated the anticancer mechanisms of a methanolic extract of Asparagus officinalis L. shoots (Asp) on human colon carcinoma cells (SW480) and their derived metastatic cells (SW620), and Asp chemopreventive properties were also assessed in a model of colon carcinogenesis. SW480 and SW620 cell proliferation was inhibited by 80% after exposure to Asp (80 μg/ml). We demonstrated that Asp induced cell death through the activation of TRAIL DR4/DR5 death receptors leading to the activation of caspase-8 and caspase-3 and to cell apoptosis. By specific blocking agents of DR4/DR5 receptors we were able to prevent Asp-triggered cell death confirming the key role of DR4/DR5 receptors. We found also that Asp (80 μg/ml) was able to potentiate the effects of the cytokine TRAIL on cell death even in the TRAIL-resistant metastatic SW620 cells. Colon carcinogenesis was initiated in Wistar rats by intraperitoneal injections of azoxymethane (AOM), once a week for two weeks. One week after (post-initiation) rats received daily Asp (0.01%, 14 mg/kg body weight) in drinking water. After 7 weeks of Asp-treatment the colon of rats exhibited a 50% reduction of the number of preneoplastic lesions (aberrant crypt foci). In addition Asp induced inhibition of several pro-inflammatory mediators, in association with an increased expression of host-defense mediators. In the colonic mucosa of Asp-treated rats we also confirmed the pro-apoptotic effects observed in vitro including the activation of the TRAIL death-receptor signaling pathway. Taken together, our data highlight the chemopreventive effects of Asp on colon carcinogenesis and its ability to promote normal cellular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souad Bousserouel
- University of Strasbourg, Unit EA 4438, Faculty of Medicine, Strasbourg, France
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Krelle AC, Okoli AS, Mendz GL. Huh-7 Human Liver Cancer Cells: A Model System to Understand Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Therapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/jct.2013.42078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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