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Compton H, Smith ML, Bull C, Korologou-Linden R, Ben-Shlomo Y, Bell JA, Williams DM, Anderson EL. Life course plasma metabolomic signatures of genetic liability to Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3896. [PMID: 38365930 PMCID: PMC10873397 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54569-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms through which most known Alzheimer's disease (AD) loci operate to increase AD risk remain unclear. Although Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is known to regulate lipid homeostasis, the effects of broader AD genetic liability on non-lipid metabolites remain unknown, and the earliest ages at which metabolic perturbations occur and how these change over time are yet to be elucidated. We examined the effects of AD genetic liability on the plasma metabolome across the life course. Using a reverse Mendelian randomization framework in two population-based cohorts [Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC, n = 5648) and UK Biobank (n ≤ 118,466)], we estimated the effects of genetic liability to AD on 229 plasma metabolites, at seven different life stages, spanning 8 to 73 years. We also compared the specific effects of APOE ε4 and APOE ε2 carriage on metabolites. In ALSPAC, AD genetic liability demonstrated the strongest positive associations with cholesterol-related traits, with similar magnitudes of association observed across all age groups including in childhood. In UK Biobank, the effect of AD liability on several lipid traits decreased with age. Fatty acid metabolites demonstrated positive associations with AD liability in both cohorts, though with smaller magnitudes than lipid traits. Sensitivity analyses indicated that observed effects are largely driven by the strongest AD instrument, APOE, with many contrasting effects observed on lipids and fatty acids for both ε4 and ε2 carriage. Our findings indicate pronounced effects of the ε4 and ε2 genetic variants on both pro- and anti-atherogenic lipid traits and sphingomyelins, which begin in childhood and either persist into later life or appear to change dynamically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Compton
- Bristol Medical School, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Madeleine L Smith
- Bristol Medical School, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Caroline Bull
- Bristol Medical School, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- School of Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Roxanna Korologou-Linden
- Bristol Medical School, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Yoav Ben-Shlomo
- Bristol Medical School, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Joshua A Bell
- Bristol Medical School, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Dylan M Williams
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health & Ageing at UCL, University College London, London, UK
| | - Emma L Anderson
- Bristol Medical School, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London, W1T 7NF, UK.
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2
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Area-Gomez E, Schon EA. Towards a Unitary Hypothesis of Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 98:1243-1275. [PMID: 38578892 DOI: 10.3233/jad-231318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
The "amyloid cascade" hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis invokes the accumulation in the brain of plaques (containing the amyloid-β protein precursor [AβPP] cleavage product amyloid-β [Aβ]) and tangles (containing hyperphosphorylated tau) as drivers of pathogenesis. However, the poor track record of clinical trials based on this hypothesis suggests that the accumulation of these peptides is not the only cause of AD. Here, an alternative hypothesis is proposed in which the AβPP cleavage product C99, not Aβ, is the main culprit, via its role as a regulator of cholesterol metabolism. C99, which is a cholesterol sensor, promotes the formation of mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes (MAM), a cholesterol-rich lipid raft-like subdomain of the ER that communicates, both physically and biochemically, with mitochondria. We propose that in early-onset AD (EOAD), MAM-localized C99 is elevated above normal levels, resulting in increased transport of cholesterol from the plasma membrane to membranes of intracellular organelles, such as ER/endosomes, thereby upregulating MAM function and driving pathology. By the same token, late-onset AD (LOAD) is triggered by any genetic variant that increases the accumulation of intracellular cholesterol that, in turn, boosts the levels of C99 and again upregulates MAM function. Thus, the functional cause of AD is upregulated MAM function that, in turn, causes the hallmark disease phenotypes, including the plaques and tangles. Accordingly, the MAM hypothesis invokes two key interrelated elements, C99 and cholesterol, that converge at the MAM to drive AD pathogenesis. From this perspective, AD is, at bottom, a lipid disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estela Area-Gomez
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas "Margarita Salas", Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eric A Schon
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Development>, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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3
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Sziraki A, Lu Z, Lee J, Banyai G, Anderson S, Abdulraouf A, Metzner E, Liao A, Banfelder J, Epstein A, Schaefer C, Xu Z, Zhang Z, Gan L, Nelson PT, Zhou W, Cao J. A global view of aging and Alzheimer's pathogenesis-associated cell population dynamics and molecular signatures in human and mouse brains. Nat Genet 2023; 55:2104-2116. [PMID: 38036784 PMCID: PMC10703679 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-023-01572-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Conventional methods fall short in unraveling the dynamics of rare cell types related to aging and diseases. Here we introduce EasySci, an advanced single-cell combinatorial indexing strategy for exploring age-dependent cellular dynamics in the mammalian brain. Profiling approximately 1.5 million single-cell transcriptomes and 400,000 chromatin accessibility profiles across diverse mouse brains, we identified over 300 cell subtypes, uncovering their molecular characteristics and spatial locations. This comprehensive view elucidates rare cell types expanded or depleted upon aging. We also investigated cell-type-specific responses to genetic alterations linked to Alzheimer's disease, identifying associated rare cell types. Additionally, by profiling 118,240 human brain single-cell transcriptomes, we discerned cell- and region-specific transcriptomic changes tied to Alzheimer's pathogenesis. In conclusion, this research offers a valuable resource for probing cell-type-specific dynamics in both normal and pathological aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andras Sziraki
- Laboratory of Single Cell Genomics and Population Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- The David Rockefeller Graduate Program in Bioscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ziyu Lu
- Laboratory of Single Cell Genomics and Population Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- The David Rockefeller Graduate Program in Bioscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jasper Lee
- Laboratory of Single Cell Genomics and Population Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gabor Banyai
- Laboratory of Single Cell Genomics and Population Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sonya Anderson
- Department of Pathology and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Abdulraouf Abdulraouf
- Laboratory of Single Cell Genomics and Population Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- The Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eli Metzner
- Laboratory of Single Cell Genomics and Population Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- The Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Computational Biology and Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew Liao
- Laboratory of Single Cell Genomics and Population Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- The Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jason Banfelder
- High Performance Computing Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexander Epstein
- Laboratory of Single Cell Genomics and Population Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- The David Rockefeller Graduate Program in Bioscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chloe Schaefer
- Laboratory of Single Cell Genomics and Population Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zihan Xu
- Laboratory of Single Cell Genomics and Population Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- The David Rockefeller Graduate Program in Bioscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zehao Zhang
- Laboratory of Single Cell Genomics and Population Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- The David Rockefeller Graduate Program in Bioscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Li Gan
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter T Nelson
- Department of Pathology and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Wei Zhou
- Laboratory of Single Cell Genomics and Population Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Junyue Cao
- Laboratory of Single Cell Genomics and Population Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
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Gemfibrozil-Induced Intracellular Triglyceride Increase in SH-SY5Y, HEK and Calu-3 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032972. [PMID: 36769295 PMCID: PMC9917468 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gemfibrozil is a drug that has been used for over 40 years to lower triglycerides in blood. As a ligand for peroxisome proliferative-activated receptor-alpha (PPARα), which is expressed in many tissues, it induces the transcription of numerous genes for carbohydrate and lipid-metabolism. However, nothing is known about how intracellular lipid-homeostasis and, in particular, triglycerides are affected. As triglycerides are stored in lipid-droplets, which are known to be associated with many diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, cancer, fatty liver disease and type-2 diabetes, treatment with gemfibrozil could adversely affect these diseases. To address the question whether gemfibrozil also affects intracellular lipid-levels, SH-SY5Y, HEK and Calu-3 cells, representing three different metabolically active organs (brain, lung and kidney), were incubated with gemfibrozil and subsequently analyzed semi-quantitatively by mass-spectrometry. Importantly, all cells showed a strong increase in intracellular triglycerides (SH-SY5Y: 170.3%; HEK: 272.1%; Calu-3: 448.1%), suggesting that the decreased triglyceride-levels might be due to an enhanced cellular uptake. Besides the common intracellular triglyceride increase, a cell-line specific alteration in acylcarnitines are found, suggesting that especially in neuronal cell lines gemfibrozil increases the transport of fatty acids to mitochondria and therefore increases the turnover of fatty acids for the benefit of additional energy supply, which could be important in diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease.
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Zhao Y, Song P, Zhang H, Chen X, Han P, Yu X, Fang C, Xie F, Guo Q. Alteration of plasma metabolic profile and physical performance combined with metabolites is more sensitive to early screening for mild cognitive impairment. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:951146. [PMID: 35959293 PMCID: PMC9360416 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.951146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Unbiased metabolic profiling has been initiated to identify novel metabolites. However, it remains a challenge to define reliable biomarkers for rapid and accurate diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Our study aimed to evaluate the association of serum metabolites with MCI, attempting to find new biomarkers and combination models that are distinct for MCI. Methods A total of 380 participants were recruited (mean age: 72.5 ± 5.19 years). We performed an untargeted metabolomics analysis on older adults who underwent the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL), and physical performance tests such as hand grip, Timed Up and Go Test (TUGT), and walking speed. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and heat map were utilized to distinguish the metabolites that differ between groups. Results Among all the subjects, 47 subjects were diagnosed with MCI, and methods based on the propensity score are used to match the MCI group with the normal control (NC) group (n = 47). The final analytic sample comprised 94 participants (mean age: 75.2 years). The data process from the metabolic profiles identified 1,008 metabolites. A cluster and pathway enrichment analysis showed that sphingolipid metabolism is involved in the development of MCI. Combination of metabolite panel and physical performance were significantly increased discriminating abilities on MCI than a single physical performance test [model 1: the area under the curve (AUC) = 0.863; model 2: AUC = 0.886; and model 3: AUC = 0.870, P < 0.001]. Conclusion In our study, untargeted metabolomics was used to detect the disturbance of metabolism that occurs in MCI. Physical performance tests combined with phosphatidylcholines (PCs) showed good utility in discriminating between NC and MCI, which is meaningful for the early diagnosis of MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinjiao Zhao
- Jiangwan Hospital of Shanghai Hongkou District, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Science Affiliated First Rehabilitation Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Peiyu Song
- Jiangwan Hospital of Shanghai Hongkou District, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Science Affiliated First Rehabilitation Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Jiangwan Hospital of Shanghai Hongkou District, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Science Affiliated First Rehabilitation Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Peipei Han
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing Yu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenghu Fang
- Jiangwan Hospital of Shanghai Hongkou District, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Science Affiliated First Rehabilitation Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Fandi Xie
- Jiangwan Hospital of Shanghai Hongkou District, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Science Affiliated First Rehabilitation Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Guo
- Jiangwan Hospital of Shanghai Hongkou District, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Science Affiliated First Rehabilitation Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Qi Guo
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Custodia A, Romaus-Sanjurjo D, Aramburu-Núñez M, Álvarez-Rafael D, Vázquez-Vázquez L, Camino-Castiñeiras J, Leira Y, Pías-Peleteiro JM, Aldrey JM, Sobrino T, Ouro A. Ceramide/Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Axis as a Key Target for Diagnosis and Treatment in Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158082. [PMID: 35897658 PMCID: PMC9331765 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is considered the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease and the leading cause of dementia worldwide. Sphingolipids, such as ceramide or sphingosine 1-phosphate, are bioactive molecules implicated in structural and signaling functions. Metabolic dysfunction in the highly conserved pathways to produce sphingolipids may lead to or be a consequence of an underlying disease. Recent studies on transcriptomics and sphingolipidomics have observed alterations in sphingolipid metabolism of both enzymes and metabolites involved in their synthesis in several neurodegenerative diseases, including AD. In this review, we highlight the most relevant findings related to ceramide and neurodegeneration, with a special focus on AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tomás Sobrino
- Correspondence: (T.S.); (A.O.); Tel.: +34-981951098 (T.S.); +34-664326589 (A.O.)
| | - Alberto Ouro
- Correspondence: (T.S.); (A.O.); Tel.: +34-981951098 (T.S.); +34-664326589 (A.O.)
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7
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Zhu Z, Quadri Z, Crivelli SM, Elsherbini A, Zhang L, Tripathi P, Qin H, Roush E, Spassieva SD, Nikolova-Karakashian M, McClintock TS, Bieberich E. Neutral Sphingomyelinase 2 Mediates Oxidative Stress Effects on Astrocyte Senescence and Synaptic Plasticity Transcripts. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:3233-3253. [PMID: 35294731 PMCID: PMC9023069 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02747-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We have shown that deficiency of neutral sphingomyelinase 2 (nSMase2), an enzyme generating the sphingolipid ceramide, improves memory in adult mice. Here, we performed sphingolipid and RNA-seq analyses on the cortex from 10-month-old nSMase2-deficient (fro/fro) and heterozygous (+ /fro) mice. fro/fro cortex showed reduced levels of ceramide, particularly in astrocytes. Differentially abundant transcripts included several functionally related groups, with decreases in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and astrocyte activation transcripts, while axon guidance and synaptic transmission and plasticity transcripts were increased, indicating a role of nSMase2 in oxidative stress, astrocyte activation, and cognition. Experimentally induced oxidative stress decreased the level of glutathione (GSH), an endogenous inhibitor of nSMase2, and increased immunolabeling for ceramide in primary + /fro astrocytes, but not in fro/fro astrocytes. β-galactosidase activity was lower in 5-week-old fro/fro astrocytes, indicating delayed senescence due to nSMase2 deficiency. In fro/fro cortex, levels of the senescence markers C3b and p27 and the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin 1β, interleukin 6, and tumor necrosis factor α were reduced, concurrent with twofold decreased phosphorylation of their downstream target, protein kinase Stat3. RNA and protein levels of the ionotropic glutamate receptor subunit 2B (Grin2b/NR2B) were increased by twofold, which was previously shown to enhance cognition. This was consistent with threefold reduced levels of exosomes carrying miR-223-3p, a micro-RNA downregulating NR2B. In summary, our data show that nSMase2 deficiency prevents oxidative stress-induced elevation of ceramide and secretion of exosomes by astrocytes that suppress neuronal function, indicating a role of nSMase2 in the regulation of neuroinflammation and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Zhu
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Zainuddin Quadri
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, KY 40502, United States
| | - Simone M. Crivelli
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Ahmed Elsherbini
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Liping Zhang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, KY 40502, United States
| | - Priyanka Tripathi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, KY 40502, United States
| | - Haiyan Qin
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Emily Roush
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Stefka D. Spassieva
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | | | - Timothy S. McClintock
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Erhard Bieberich
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, KY 40502, United States
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Qi YY, Heng X, Yao ZY, Qu SY, Ge PY, Zhao X, Ni SJ, Guo R, Yang NY, Zhang QC, Zhu HX. Involvement of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction on Microglia with Abnormal Sphingolipid Metabolism in Alzheimer's Disease. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:931-950. [PMID: 35391788 PMCID: PMC8979960 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s357061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Abnormal sphingolipid metabolism is closely related to the occurrence and development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). With heat-clearing and detoxifying effects, Huanglian Jiedu decoction (HLJDD) has been used to treat dementia and improve learning and memory impairments. Purpose To study the therapeutic effect of HLJDD on AD as it relates to sphingolipid metabolism. Methods The level of sphingolipids in the brains of APP/PS1 mice and in the supernatant of β-amyloid (Aβ)25–35-induced BV2 microglia was detected by HPLC-QTOF-MS and HPLC-QTRAP-MS techniques, respectively. The co-expression of ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1) and Aβ as well as four enzymes related to sphingolipid metabolism, including serine palmitoyltransferase 2 (SPTLC2), cer synthase 2 (CERS2), sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1 (SMPD1), and sphingomyelin synthase 1 (SGMS1), in the brains of APP/PS1 mice were evaluated by immunofluorescence double labelling. In addition, real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was conducted to determine the mRNA expression of SPTLC2, CERS2, SMPD1, SGMS1, galactosylceramidase (GALC), and sphingosine kinase 2 (SPHK2) in Aβ25-35-stimulated BV2 microglia. Results Abnormal sphingolipid metabolism was observed both in APP/PS1 mouse brain tissues and Aβ25-35-stimulated BV2 cells. The levels of sphingosine, sphinganine, sphingosine-1-phosphate, sphinganine-1-phosphate and sphingomyelin were significantly reduced, while the levels of ceramide-1-phosphate, ceramide, lactosylceramide and hexosylceramide significantly increased in Aβ25-35-stimulated BV2 cells. In AD mice, more microglia were clustered in the Aβ-positive region. The decreased level of SGMS1 and increased levels of CERS2, SPTLC and SMPD1 were also found. In addition, the expressions of SPTLC2, CERS2, and SMPD1 in Aβ25-35-stimulated BV2 cells were increased significantly, while the expressions of GALC, SPHK2, and SGMS1 were decreased. These changes all showed a significant correction after HLJDD treatment. Conclusion HLJDD is a good candidate for treating AD. This study provides a novel perspective on the potential roles of the sphingolipid metabolism in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Yu Qi
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing and Preparation, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Heng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing and Preparation, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeng-Ying Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Yue Qu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing and Preparation, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping-Yuan Ge
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing and Preparation, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing and Preparation, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Sai-Jia Ni
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Guo
- Department of Physiological, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Nian-Yun Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing and Preparation, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Chun Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua-Xu Zhu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing and Preparation, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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9
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de la Monte SM, Goel A. Agent Orange Reviewed: Potential Role in Peripheral Neuropathy and Neurodegeneration. JOURNAL OF MILITARY AND VETERANS' HEALTH 2022; 30:17-26. [PMID: 36785586 PMCID: PMC9920643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Agent Orange, a dioxin-containing toxin, was used as an herbicide during the Vietnam War. Exposures to Agent Orange were initially linked to birth defects among Vietnamese civilians residing near aerially sprayed regions. Years later, returning South Korean and U.S. Veterans exposed to Agent Orange exhibited increased rates of malignancy, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and birth defects in their offspring. Growing evidence that herbicides and pesticides contribute to chronic diseases including neurodegeneration raises concern that Agent Orange exposures may have increased the risk for later development of peripheral or central nervous system (CNS) degeneration. This article reviews published data on the main systemic effects and the prevalence rates, relative risks, characteristics and correlates of Agent Orange-associated peripheral neuropathy and CNS dementia-associated diseases. The critical findings were that relatively high levels of Agent Orange exposure increased risk of developing peripheral neuropathy either alone or as a co-factor complication of diabetes mellitus and likely contributed to the pathogenesis of CNS degenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and vascular dementias. Given the protracted intervals between the Agent Orange exposures and disease emergence, additional research is needed to identify mechanistic correlates of the related neurological disorders, including lifestyle co-factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M. de la Monte
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI,Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI,Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Anuva Goel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI
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10
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Mill J, Patel V, Okonkwo O, Li L, Raife T. Erythrocyte sphingolipid species as biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease. J Pharm Anal 2022; 12:178-185. [PMID: 35573876 PMCID: PMC9073235 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2021.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Diagnosing Alzheimer's disease (AD) in the early stage is challenging. Informative biomarkers can be of great value for population-based screening. Metabolomics studies have been used to find potential biomarkers, but commonly used tissue sources can be difficult to obtain. The objective of this study was to determine the potential utility of erythrocyte metabolite profiles in screening for AD. Unlike some commonly-used sources such as cerebrospinal fluid and brain tissue, erythrocytes are plentiful and easily accessed. Moreover, erythrocytes are metabolically active, a feature that distinguishes this sample source from other bodily fluids like plasma and urine. In this preliminary pilot study, the erythrocyte metabolomes of 10 histopathologically confirmed AD patients and 10 patients without AD (control (CTRL)) were compared. Whole blood was collected post-mortem and erythrocytes were analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Over 750 metabolites were identified in AD and CTRL erythrocytes. Seven were increased in AD while 24 were decreased (P<0.05). The majority of the metabolites increased in AD were associated with amino acid metabolism and all of the decreased metabolites were associated with lipid metabolism. Prominent among the potential biomarkers were 10 sphingolipid or sphingolipid-related species that were consistently decreased in AD patients. Sphingolipids have been previously implicated in AD and other neurological conditions. Furthermore, previous studies have shown that erythrocyte sphingolipid concentrations vary widely in normal, healthy adults. Together, these observations suggest that certain erythrocyte lipid phenotypes could be markers of risk for development of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jericha Mill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Vihar Patel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Ozioma Okonkwo
- Clinical Science Center, Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Lingjun Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Corresponding author. School of Pharmacy and Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
| | - Thomas Raife
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Corresponding author.
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11
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Morrow A, Panyard DJ, Deming YK, Jonaitis E, Dong R, Vasiljevic E, Betthauser TJ, Kollmorgen G, Suridjan I, Bayfield A, Van Hulle CA, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Carlsson CM, Asthana S, Johnson SC, Engelman CD. Cerebrospinal Fluid Sphingomyelins in Alzheimer's Disease, Neurodegeneration, and Neuroinflammation. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 90:667-680. [PMID: 36155504 PMCID: PMC9809197 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sphingomyelin (SM) levels have been associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the association direction has been inconsistent and research on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) SMs has been limited by sample size, breadth of SMs examined, and diversity of biomarkers available. OBJECTIVE Here, we seek to build on our understanding of the role of SM metabolites in AD by studying a broad range of CSF SMs and biomarkers of AD, neurodegeneration, and neuroinflammation. METHODS Leveraging two longitudinal AD cohorts with metabolome-wide CSF metabolomics data (n = 502), we analyzed the relationship between the levels of 12 CSF SMs, and AD diagnosis and biomarkers of pathology, neurodegeneration, and neuroinflammation using logistic, linear, and linear mixed effects models. RESULTS No SMs were significantly associated with AD diagnosis, mild cognitive impairment, or amyloid biomarkers. Phosphorylated tau, neurofilament light, α-synuclein, neurogranin, soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2, and chitinase-3-like-protein 1 were each significantly, positively associated with at least 5 of the SMs. CONCLUSION The associations between SMs and biomarkers of neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation, but not biomarkers of amyloid or diagnosis of AD, point to SMs as potential biomarkers for neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation that may not be AD-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Autumn Morrow
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 610 Walnut Street, 707 WARF Building, Madison, WI 53726, United States of America
| | - Daniel J. Panyard
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 291 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, United States of America
| | - Yuetiva K. Deming
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 610 Walnut Street, 707 WARF Building, Madison, WI 53726, United States of America
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Avenue, J5/1 Mezzanine, Madison, WI 53792, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1685 Highland Avenue, 5158 Medical Foundation Centennial Building, Madison, WI 53705, United States of America
| | - Erin Jonaitis
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Avenue, J5/1 Mezzanine, Madison, WI 53792, United States of America
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, UW School of Medicine and Public Health, 610 Walnut Street, 9th Floor, Madison, WI 53726
| | - Ruocheng Dong
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 610 Walnut Street, 707 WARF Building, Madison, WI 53726, United States of America
| | - Eva Vasiljevic
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 610 Walnut Street, 707 WARF Building, Madison, WI 53726, United States of America
- Center for Demography of Health and Aging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1180 Observatory Drive, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Tobey J Betthauser
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Avenue, J5/1 Mezzanine, Madison, WI 53792, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1685 Highland Avenue, 5158 Medical Foundation Centennial Building, Madison, WI 53705, United States of America
| | | | - Ivonne Suridjan
- Roche Diagnostics International Ltd, Forrenstrasse 2, 6343 Rotkreuz, Switzerland
| | - Anna Bayfield
- Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Carol A. Van Hulle
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Avenue, J5/1 Mezzanine, Madison, WI 53792, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1685 Highland Avenue, 5158 Medical Foundation Centennial Building, Madison, WI 53705, United States of America
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, 43180 Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 43180 Mölndal, Sweden
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, WC1E6BT, United Kingdom
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, WC1H0AL, United Kingdom
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, 43180 Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 43180 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Cynthia M. Carlsson
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Avenue, J5/1 Mezzanine, Madison, WI 53792, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1685 Highland Avenue, 5158 Medical Foundation Centennial Building, Madison, WI 53705, United States of America
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, 2500 Overlook Terrace, Madison, WI 53705, United States of America
| | - Sanjay Asthana
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Avenue, J5/1 Mezzanine, Madison, WI 53792, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1685 Highland Avenue, 5158 Medical Foundation Centennial Building, Madison, WI 53705, United States of America
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, 2500 Overlook Terrace, Madison, WI 53705, United States of America
| | - Sterling C. Johnson
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Avenue, J5/1 Mezzanine, Madison, WI 53792, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1685 Highland Avenue, 5158 Medical Foundation Centennial Building, Madison, WI 53705, United States of America
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, 2500 Overlook Terrace, Madison, WI 53705, United States of America
| | - Corinne D. Engelman
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 610 Walnut Street, 707 WARF Building, Madison, WI 53726, United States of America
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12
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Zarzar TG, Lee B, Coughlin R, Kim D, Shen L, Hall MA. Sex Differences in the Metabolome of Alzheimer's Disease Progression. FRONTIERS IN RADIOLOGY 2022; 2:782864. [PMID: 35445209 PMCID: PMC9014653 DOI: 10.3389/fradi.2022.782864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia; however, men and women face differential AD prevalence, presentation, and progression risks. Characterizing metabolomic profiles during AD progression is fundamental to understand the metabolic disruptions and the biological pathways involved. However, outstanding questions remain of whether peripheral metabolic changes occur equally in men and women with AD. Here, we evaluated differential effects of metabolomic and brain volume associations between sexes. We used three cohorts from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), evaluated 1,368 participants, two metabolomic platforms with 380 metabolites in total, and six brain segment volumes. Using dimension reduction techniques, we took advantage of the correlation structure of the brain volume phenotypes and the metabolite concentration values to reduce the number of tests while aggregating relevant biological structures. Using WGCNA, we aggregated modules of highly co-expressed metabolites. On the other hand, we used partial least squares regression-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) to extract components of brain volumes that maximally co-vary with AD diagnosis as phenotypes. We tested for differences in effect sizes between sexes in the association between single metabolite and metabolite modules with the brain volume components. We found five metabolite modules and 125 single metabolites with significant differences between sexes. These results highlight a differential lipid disruption in AD progression between sexes. Men showed a greater negative association of phosphatidylcholines and sphingomyelins and a positive association of VLDL and large LDL with AD progression. In contrast, women showed a positive association of triglycerides in VLDL and small and medium LDL with AD progression. Explicitly identifying sex differences in metabolomics during AD progression can highlight particular metabolic disruptions in each sex. Our research study and strategy can lead to better-tailored studies and better-suited treatments that take sex differences into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás González Zarzar
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States.,Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Brian Lee
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Rory Coughlin
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Dokyoon Kim
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Molly A Hall
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States.,Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States.,Penn State Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
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13
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Quintero ME, Pontes JGDM, Tasic L. Metabolomics in degenerative brain diseases. Brain Res 2021; 1773:147704. [PMID: 34744014 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Among the most studied diseases that affect the central nervous system are Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and Huntington's diseases, but the lack of effective biomarkers, accurate diagnosis, and precise treatment for each of them is currently an issue. Due to the contribution of biomarkers in supporting diagnosis, many recent efforts have focused on their identification and validation at the beginning or during the progression of the mental illness. Metabolome reveals the metabolic processes that result from protein activities under the guided gene expression and environmental factors, either in healthy or pathological conditions. In this context, metabolomics has proven to be a valuable approach. Currently, magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS) are the most commonly used bioanalytical techniques for metabolomics. MS-assisted profiling is considered the most versatile technique, and the NMR is the most reproductive. However, each one of them has its drawbacks. In this review, we summarized several alterations in metabolites that have been reported for these three classic brain diseases using MS and NMR-based research, which might suggest some possible biomarkers to support the diagnosis and/or new targets for their treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Escobar Quintero
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - João Guilherme de Moraes Pontes
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Ljubica Tasic
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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14
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MicroRNA-Target Interaction Regulatory Network in Alzheimer's Disease. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11121275. [PMID: 34945753 PMCID: PMC8708198 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11121275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia; however, early diagnosis of the disease is challenging. Research suggests that biomarkers found in blood, such as microRNAs (miRNA), may be promising for AD diagnostics. Experimental data on miRNA–target interactions (MTI) associated with AD are scattered across databases and publications, thus making the identification of promising miRNA biomarkers for AD difficult. In response to this, a list of experimentally validated AD-associated MTIs was obtained from miRTarBase. Cytoscape was used to create a visual MTI network. STRING software was used for protein–protein interaction analysis and mirPath was used for pathway enrichment analysis. Several targets regulated by multiple miRNAs were identified, including: BACE1, APP, NCSTN, SP1, SIRT1, and PTEN. The miRNA with the highest numbers of interactions in the network were: miR-9, miR-16, miR-34a, miR-106a, miR-107, miR-125b, miR-146, and miR-181c. The analysis revealed seven subnetworks, representing disease modules which have a potential for further biomarker development. The obtained MTI network is not yet complete, and additional studies are needed for the comprehensive understanding of the AD-associated miRNA targetome.
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15
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Qin Q, Yin Y, Xing Y, Wang X, Wang Y, Wang F, Tang Y. Lipid Metabolism in the Development and Progression of Vascular Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review. Front Neurol 2021; 12:709134. [PMID: 34867708 PMCID: PMC8639494 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.709134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is a major public health problem. The current diagnosis of VCI is made based on the assessment of clinical symptoms and neuropsychological measurements, and is supported by neuroimaging. These methods are both time-consuming and expensive, which leads to needs for alternative biomarkers for VCI. Metabolomics is an emerging and powerful tool to discover of new biomarkers of disease, which can investigate variations in different metabolic processes such as lipid, since the brain is highly enriched in lipids and that lipid changes may lead to pathology in the brain. Vascular cognitive impairment is vulnerable to the disturbance of lipid metabolism. Furthermore, blood samples, which could be identified as reliable clinical biomarkers are relatively convenient to obtain and provide a non-invasive assessment. Therefore, our study aims to understand whether peripheral lipid biomarkers can be used as diagnostic biomarkers and monitor the progression of VCI. Methods: We systematically searched the PubMed, Embase, CNKI, and VIP databases to find VCI and lipid metabolism in reports from inception through February 2021. Studies meeting the following criteria were eligible: (1) original studies in humans; (2) lipid metabolites in blood; (3) reports of VCI. Results: Through our review, nine original articles were eligible. Blood-based metabolites that might be potential biomarkers were identified. Most of them including PC, PE, Cers, and ChEs were significantly lower, while elevation of FAs and DGs were associated with VCI. Most importantly, these blood-based metabolites might be proposed as potential biomarkers for VCI, which provides direction for further validation. Discussion and Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first systemic review concerning the relationship of lipid metabolism and VCI. It identifies potential biomarkers and provides insights into the disease pathobiology. However, more advanced studies and researches on a lipidomic platform must be done to understand the exact pathology behind and identify potential lipid biomarkers, which might help achieve the goal of discovering novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Qin
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yunsi Yin
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Xing
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Mudanjiang Second People's Hospital, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Fan Wang
| | - Yi Tang
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
- Neurodegenerative Laboratory of Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, Beijing, China
- Yi Tang
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16
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Plasma lipidome is dysregulated in Alzheimer's disease and is associated with disease risk genes. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:344. [PMID: 34092785 PMCID: PMC8180517 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01362-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipidomics research could provide insights of pathobiological mechanisms in Alzheimer's disease. This study explores a battery of plasma lipids that can differentiate Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients from healthy controls and determines whether lipid profiles correlate with genetic risk for AD. AD plasma samples were collected from the Sydney Memory and Ageing Study (MAS) Sydney, Australia (aged range 75-97 years; 51.2% male). Untargeted lipidomics analysis was performed by liquid chromatography coupled-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). We found that several lipid species from nine lipid classes, particularly sphingomyelins (SMs), cholesterol esters (ChEs), phosphatidylcholines (PCs), phosphatidylethanolamines (PIs), phosphatidylinositols (PIs), and triglycerides (TGs) are dysregulated in AD patients and may help discriminate them from healthy controls. However, when the lipid species were grouped together into lipid subgroups, only the DG group was significantly higher in AD. ChEs, SMs, and TGs resulted in good classification accuracy using the Glmnet algorithm (elastic net penalization for the generalized linear model [glm]) with more than 80% AUC. In general, group lipids and the lipid subclasses LPC and PE had less classification accuracy compared to the other subclasses. We also found significant increases in SMs, PIs, and the LPE/PE ratio in human U251 astroglioma cell lines exposed to pathophysiological concentrations of oligomeric Aβ42. This suggests that oligomeric Aβ42 plays a contributory, if not causal role, in mediating changes in lipid profiles in AD that can be detected in the periphery. In addition, we evaluated the association of plasma lipid profiles with AD-related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and polygenic risk scores (PRS) of AD. We found that FERMT2 and MS4A6A showed a significantly differential association with lipids in all lipid classes across disease and control groups. ABCA7 had a differential association with more than half of the DG lipids (52.63%) and PI lipids (57.14%), respectively. Additionally, 43.4% of lipids in the SM class were differentially associated with CLU. More than 30% of lipids in ChE, PE, and TG classes had differential associations with separate genes (ChE-PICALM, SLC24A4, and SORL1; PE-CLU and CR1; TG-BINI) between AD and control group. These data may provide renewed insights into the pathobiology of AD and the feasibility of identifying individuals with greater AD risk.
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17
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Su H, Rustam YH, Masters CL, Makalic E, McLean CA, Hill AF, Barnham KJ, Reid GE, Vella LJ. Characterization of brain-derived extracellular vesicle lipids in Alzheimer's disease. J Extracell Vesicles 2021; 10:e12089. [PMID: 34012516 PMCID: PMC8111496 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid dyshomeostasis is associated with the most common form of dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD). Substantial progress has been made in identifying positron emission tomography and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for AD, but they have limited use as front-line diagnostic tools. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released by all cells and contain a subset of their parental cell composition, including lipids. EVs are released from the brain into the periphery, providing a potential source of tissue and disease specific lipid biomarkers. However, the EV lipidome of the central nervous system is currently unknown and the potential of brain-derived EVs (BDEVs) to inform on lipid dyshomeostasis in AD remains unclear. The aim of this study was to reveal the lipid composition of BDEVs in human frontal cortex, and to determine whether BDEVs have an altered lipid profile in AD. Using semi-quantitative mass spectrometry, we describe the BDEV lipidome, covering four lipid categories, 17 lipid classes and 692 lipid molecules. BDEVs were enriched in glycerophosphoserine (PS) lipids, a characteristic of small EVs. Here we further report that BDEVs are enriched in ether-containing PS lipids, a finding that further establishes ether lipids as a feature of EVs. BDEVs in the AD frontal cortex offered improved detection of dysregulated lipids in AD over global lipid profiling of this brain region. AD BDEVs had significantly altered glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid levels, specifically increased plasmalogen glycerophosphoethanolamine and decreased polyunsaturated fatty acyl containing lipids, and altered amide-linked acyl chain content in sphingomyelin and ceramide lipids relative to CTL. The most prominent alteration was a two-fold decrease in lipid species containing anti-inflammatory/pro-resolving docosahexaenoic acid. The in-depth lipidome analysis provided in this study highlights the advantage of EVs over more complex tissues for improved detection of dysregulated lipids that may serve as potential biomarkers in the periphery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaqi Su
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Biochemistry and PharmacologyThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Yepy H. Rustam
- Department of Biochemistry and PharmacologyThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Colin L. Masters
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Enes Makalic
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global HealthThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Catriona A. McLean
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Andrew F. Hill
- Department of Biochemistry and GeneticsLa Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe UniversityBundooraVictoriaAustralia
| | - Kevin J. Barnham
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Gavin E. Reid
- Department of Biochemistry and PharmacologyThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology InstituteThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Laura J. Vella
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Surgery, The Royal Melbourne HospitalThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
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18
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Abstract
Glycosphingolipids are amphiphilic plasma membrane components formed by a glycan linked to a specific lipid moiety. In this chapter we report on these compounds, on their role played in our cells to maintain the correct cell biology.In detail, we report on their structure, on their metabolic processes, on their interaction with proteins and from this, their property to modulate positively in health and negatively in disease, the cell signaling and cell biology.
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19
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Zafarullah M, Palczewski G, Rivera SM, Hessl DR, Tassone F. Metabolic profiling reveals dysregulated lipid metabolism and potential biomarkers associated with the development and progression of Fragile X-Associated Tremor/Ataxia Syndrome (FXTAS). FASEB J 2020; 34:16676-16692. [PMID: 33131090 PMCID: PMC7756608 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001880r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Fragile X-associated Tremor/Ataxia Syndrome (FXTAS) is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with the FMR1 premutation. It is currently unknown when, and if, individual premutation carriers will develop FXTAS. Thus, with the aim of identifying biomarkers for early diagnosis, development, and progression of FXTAS, we performed global metabolomic profiling of premutation carriers (PM) who, as part of an ongoing longitudinal study, emerged into two distinct categories: those who developed symptoms of FXTAS (converters, CON) at subsequent visits and those who did not (non-converters, NCON) and we compared to age-matched healthy controls (HC). We assessed CGG repeat allele size by Southern Blot and PCR analysis. Metabolomic profile was obtained by ultra-performance liquid chromatography, accurate mass spectrometer, and an Orbitrap mass analyzer. In this study we found 47 metabolites were significantly dysregulated between HC and the premutation groups (PM). Importantly, we identified 24 metabolites that showed significant changes in expression in the CON as compared to the NCON both at V1 and V2, and 70 metabolites in CON as compared to NCON but only at V2. These findings suggest the potential role of the identified metabolites as biomarkers for early diagnosis and for FXTAS disease progression, respectively. Interestingly, the majority of the identified metabolites were lipids, followed by amino acids. To our knowledge, this the first report of longitudinal metabolic profiling and identification of unique biomarkers of FXTAS. The lipid metabolism and specifically the sub pathways involved in mitochondrial bioenergetics, as observed in other neurodegenerative disorders, are significantly altered in FXTAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Zafarullah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular MedicineUniversity of California Davis, School of MedicineSacramentoCAUSA
| | | | - Susan M. Rivera
- Center for Mind and BrainUniversity of California DavisDavisCAUSA
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of California DavisDavisCAUSA
- MIND Institute, University of California Davis Medical CenterSacramentoCAUSA
| | - David R. Hessl
- MIND Institute, University of California Davis Medical CenterSacramentoCAUSA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesUniversity of California Davis Medical CenterSacramentoCAUSA
| | - Flora Tassone
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular MedicineUniversity of California Davis, School of MedicineSacramentoCAUSA
- MIND Institute, University of California Davis Medical CenterSacramentoCAUSA
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20
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Roubroeks JAY, Smith AR, Smith RG, Pishva E, Ibrahim Z, Sattlecker M, Hannon EJ, Kłoszewska I, Mecocci P, Soininen H, Tsolaki M, Vellas B, Wahlund LO, Aarsland D, Proitsi P, Hodges A, Lovestone S, Newhouse SJ, Dobson RJB, Mill J, van den Hove DLA, Lunnon K. An epigenome-wide association study of Alzheimer's disease blood highlights robust DNA hypermethylation in the HOXB6 gene. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 95:26-45. [PMID: 32745807 PMCID: PMC7649340 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A growing number of epigenome-wide association studies have demonstrated a role for DNA methylation in the brain in Alzheimer's disease. With the aim of exploring peripheral biomarker potential, we have examined DNA methylation patterns in whole blood collected from 284 individuals in the AddNeuroMed study, which included 89 nondemented controls, 86 patients with Alzheimer's disease, and 109 individuals with mild cognitive impairment, including 38 individuals who progressed to Alzheimer's disease within 1 year. We identified significant differentially methylated regions, including 12 adjacent hypermethylated probes in the HOXB6 gene in Alzheimer's disease, which we validated using pyrosequencing. Using weighted gene correlation network analysis, we identified comethylated modules of genes that were associated with key variables such as APOE genotype and diagnosis. In summary, this study represents the first large-scale epigenome-wide association study of Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment using blood. We highlight the differences in various loci and pathways in early disease, suggesting that these patterns relate to cognitive decline at an early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam R Smith
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Rebecca G Smith
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Ehsan Pishva
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Zina Ibrahim
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IOPPN), King's College London, London, UK; Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Martina Sattlecker
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IOPPN), King's College London, London, UK
| | - Eilis J Hannon
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | | | - Patrizia Mecocci
- Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Hilkka Soininen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Neurocenter, Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Magda Tsolaki
- 1st Department of Neurology, Memory and Dementia Unit, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Bruno Vellas
- INSERM U 558, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Lars-Olof Wahlund
- NVS Department, Section for Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dag Aarsland
- King's Health Partners Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Petroula Proitsi
- King's Health Partners Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Angela Hodges
- King's Health Partners Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Simon Lovestone
- Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Current Affiliation at Janssen-Cilag UK
| | - Stephen J Newhouse
- King's Health Partners Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Richard J B Dobson
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IOPPN), King's College London, London, UK; Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jonathan Mill
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Daniël L A van den Hove
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Katie Lunnon
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
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21
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Hosseini M, Poljak A, Braidy N, Crawford J, Sachdev P. Blood fatty acids in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment: A meta-analysis and systematic review. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 60:101043. [PMID: 32194194 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Plasma fatty acids have been reported to be dysregulated in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), though outcomes are not always consistent, and subject numbers often small. Our aim was to use a meta-analysis and systematic review approach to identify if plasma fatty acid dysregulation would be observed in case control studies of AD and MCI. Six databases were searched for studies reporting quantified levels of fatty acids in MCI and/or AD individuals, relative to cognitively normal controls. Docosahexaenoic (DHA) and vaccenic acids were significantly lower and higher respectively in MCI relative to controls. Total fatty acids were 27.2% lower in AD relative to controls, and this was reflected almost uniformly in all specific fatty acids in AD. Changes to plasma/serum fatty acids were identified in both MCI and AD relative to age and gender matched controls. Differences were greatest in AD, in both total number of fatty acids significantly altered, and the degree of change. Docosahexaenoic acid was lower in both MCI and AD, suggesting that it may be a driver of pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahboobeh Hosseini
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Anne Poljak
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Nady Braidy
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
| | - John Crawford
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Perminder Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Neuropsychiatric Institute, Euroa Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
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22
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Liu Y, Chan DK, Thalamuthu A, Wen W, Jiang J, Paradise M, Lee T, Crawford J, Wai Kin Wong M, Hua Xu Y, Poljak A, Pickford R, Sachdev PS, Braidy N. Plasma lipidomic biomarker analysis reveals distinct lipid changes in vascular dementia. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 18:1613-1624. [PMID: 32670502 PMCID: PMC7334482 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VaD) is a complex neurocognitive disorder secondary to a variety of cerebrovascular lesions. Numerous studies have shown that lipid metabolism is involved in the pathobiology of the disease. We examined the plasma lipid profiles in VaD, with the expectation of identifying reliable lipid biomarkers for VaD. 49 VaD patients and 48 healthy controls were recruited from Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital in Sydney, Australia. Lipids were extracted by single phase 1-butanol/methanol, and untargeted analysis was performed by liquid chromatography coupled-mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). Univariate analysis of variance was used to examine the differences in lipid classes and individual lipids between VaD and control groups. In an independent sample of 161 subjects from the Older Australian Twins Study (OATS), elastic net penalization for the generalized linear model (Glmnet) and Random Forest were applied to the lipid levels to subcategorise the sample into vascular cognitive impairment and controls. Most lipids belonging to the classes of ceramides (Cer), cholesterol esters (ChE) and phospholipids were significantly lower in VaD plasma, while glycerides were elevated compared to controls. Levels of ChE, Cer and the two lipid classes together achieved the best accuracy in discriminating VaD from controls, with more than 80% accuracy. The probable VaD group in the OATS sample predicted by the lipid levels showed greater impairment in most cognitive domains, especially attention and processing speed and executive function from controls but did not differ in white matter hyperintensities and DTI measures. As a conclusion, plasma lipids levels, in particular Cer and ChE, are abnormal in VaD and may help discriminate them from healthy controls. Understanding the basis of these differences may provide insights into the pathobiology of VaD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Daniel K.Y. Chan
- Department of Aged Care and Rehabilitation, Bankstown Hospital, Bankstown, NSW, Australia
| | - Anbupalam Thalamuthu
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, Australia
| | - Wei Wen
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jiyang Jiang
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Matthew Paradise
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Teresa Lee
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - John Crawford
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Matthew Wai Kin Wong
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ying Hua Xu
- Department of Aged Care and Rehabilitation, Bankstown Hospital, Bankstown, NSW, Australia
| | - Anne Poljak
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Russell Pickford
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Perminder S. Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, Euroa Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nady Braidy
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Corresponding author: School of Medicine, Huzhou University, Wuxing district, Zhejiang, China
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23
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Alessenko AV, Albi E. Exploring Sphingolipid Implications in Neurodegeneration. Front Neurol 2020; 11:437. [PMID: 32528400 PMCID: PMC7254877 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, it was found that relatively simple sphingolipids, such as ceramide, sphingosine, sphingosine-1-phosphate, and glucosylceramide play important roles in neuronal functions by regulating rates of neuronal growth and differentiation. Homeostasis of membrane sphingolipids in neurons and myelin is essential to prevent the loss of synaptic plasticity, cell death and neurodegeneration. In our review we summarize data about significant brain cell alterations of sphingolipids in different neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Gaucher's, Farber's diseases, etc. We reported results obtained in brain tissue from both animals in which diseases were induced and humans in autopsy samples. Moreover, attention was paid on sphingolipids in biofluids, liquor and blood, from patients. In Alzheimer's disease sphingolipids are involved in the processing and aggregation of β-amyloid and in the transmission of the cytotoxic signal β-amyloid and TNFα-induced. Recently, the gangliosides metabolism in transgenic animals and the relationship between blood sphingolipids changes and cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease patients have been intensively studied. Numerous experiments have highlighted the involvement of ceramide and monohexosylceramide metabolism in the pathophysiology of the sporadic forms of Parkinson's disease. Moreover, gene mutations of the glucocerebrosidase enzyme were considered as responsible for Parkinson's disease via transition of the monomeric form of α-synuclein to an oligomeric, aggregated toxic form. Disturbances in the metabolism of ceramides were also associated with the appearance of Lewy's bodies. Changes in sphingolipid metabolism were found as a manifestation of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, both sporadic and family forms, and affected the rate of disease development. Currently, fingolimod (FTY720), a sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulator, is the only drug undergoing clinical trials of phase II safety for the treatment of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. The use of sphingolipids as new diagnostic markers and as targets for innovative therapeutic strategies in different neurodegenerative disorders has been included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice V Alessenko
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elisabetta Albi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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24
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Transcriptomic and Network Analysis Identifies Shared and Unique Pathways across Dementia Spectrum Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062050. [PMID: 32192109 PMCID: PMC7139711 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Dementia is a growing public health concern with an estimated prevalence of 50 million people worldwide. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and vascular and frontotemporal dementias (VaD, FTD), share many clinical, genetical, and pathological features making the diagnosis difficult. Methods: In this study, we compared the transcriptome from the frontal cortex of patients with AD, VaD, and FTD to identify dysregulated pathways. Results: Upregulated genes in AD were enriched in adherens and tight junctions, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and protein kinase B/Akt signaling pathways, whereas downregulated genes associated with calcium signaling. Upregulated genes in VaD were centered on infectious diseases and nuclear factor kappa beta signaling, whereas downregulated genes are involved in biosynthesis of amino acids and the pentose phosphate pathway. Upregulated genes in FTD were associated with ECM receptor interactions and the lysosome, whereas downregulated genes were involved in glutamatergic synapse and MAPK signaling. The transcription factor KFL4 was shared among the 3 types of dementia. Conclusions: Collectively, we identified similarities and differences in dysregulated pathways and transcription factors among the dementias. The shared pathways and transcription factors may indicate a potential common etiology, whereas the differences may be useful for distinguishing dementias.
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25
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Potential therapeutic target for aging and age-related neurodegenerative diseases: the role of acid sphingomyelinase. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:380-389. [PMID: 32203096 PMCID: PMC7156489 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-0399-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging, which is associated with age-related changes in physiological processes, is the most significant risk factor for the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Accumulating evidence has indicated that sphingolipids are significant regulators that are associated with pathogenesis in aging and several age-related neurodegenerative diseases. In particular, abnormal levels of acid sphingomyelinase (ASM), one of the significant sphingolipid-metabolizing enzymes, have been found in the blood and some tissues under various neuropathological conditions. Moreover, recent studies have reported the importance of ASM as a critical mediator that contributes to pathologies in aging and age-related neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we describe the pathophysiological processes that are regulated by ASM, focusing on the age-related neurodegenerative environment. Furthermore, we discuss novel insights into how new therapeutics targeting ASM may potentially lead to effective strategies to combat aging and age-related neurodegenerative diseases.
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26
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Breuza L, Arighi CN, Argoud-Puy G, Casals-Casas C, Estreicher A, Famiglietti ML, Georghiou G, Gos A, Gruaz-Gumowski N, Hinz U, Hyka-Nouspikel N, Kramarz B, Lovering RC, Lussi Y, Magrane M, Masson P, Perfetto L, Poux S, Rodriguez-Lopez M, Stoeckert C, Sundaram S, Wang LS, Wu E, Orchard S. A Coordinated Approach by Public Domain Bioinformatics Resources to Aid the Fight Against Alzheimer's Disease Through Expert Curation of Key Protein Targets. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 77:257-273. [PMID: 32716361 PMCID: PMC7592670 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The analysis and interpretation of data generated from patient-derived clinical samples relies on access to high-quality bioinformatics resources. These are maintained and updated by expert curators extracting knowledge from unstructured biological data described in free-text journal articles and converting this into more structured, computationally-accessible forms. This enables analyses such as functional enrichment of sets of genes/proteins using the Gene Ontology, and makes the searching of data more productive by managing issues such as gene/protein name synonyms, identifier mapping, and data quality. OBJECTIVE To undertake a coordinated annotation update of key public-domain resources to better support Alzheimer's disease research. METHODS We have systematically identified target proteins critical to disease process, in part by accessing informed input from the clinical research community. RESULTS Data from 954 papers have been added to the UniProtKB, Gene Ontology, and the International Molecular Exchange Consortium (IMEx) databases, with 299 human proteins and 279 orthologs updated in UniProtKB. 745 binary interactions were added to the IMEx human molecular interaction dataset. CONCLUSION This represents a significant enhancement in the expert curated data pertinent to Alzheimer's disease available in a number of biomedical databases. Relevant protein entries have been updated in UniProtKB and concomitantly in the Gene Ontology. Molecular interaction networks have been significantly extended in the IMEx Consortium dataset and a set of reference protein complexes created. All the resources described are open-source and freely available to the research community and we provide examples of how these data could be exploited by researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Breuza
- Swiss-Prot Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Centre Medical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cecilia N. Arighi
- Protein Information Resource, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
- Protein Information Resource, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Ghislaine Argoud-Puy
- Swiss-Prot Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Centre Medical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Casals-Casas
- Swiss-Prot Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Centre Medical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anne Estreicher
- Swiss-Prot Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Centre Medical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maria Livia Famiglietti
- Swiss-Prot Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Centre Medical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - George Georghiou
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Arnaud Gos
- Swiss-Prot Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Centre Medical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nadine Gruaz-Gumowski
- Swiss-Prot Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Centre Medical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ursula Hinz
- Swiss-Prot Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Centre Medical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nevila Hyka-Nouspikel
- Swiss-Prot Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Centre Medical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Kramarz
- Functional Gene Annotation, Preclinical and Fundamental Science, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Ruth C. Lovering
- Functional Gene Annotation, Preclinical and Fundamental Science, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Yvonne Lussi
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michele Magrane
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Patrick Masson
- Swiss-Prot Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Centre Medical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Livia Perfetto
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sylvain Poux
- Swiss-Prot Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Centre Medical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Milagros Rodriguez-Lopez
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christian Stoeckert
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shyamala Sundaram
- Swiss-Prot Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Centre Medical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Li-San Wang
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Sandra Orchard
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - IMEx Consortium, UniProt Consortium
- Swiss-Prot Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Centre Medical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland
- Protein Information Resource, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
- Protein Information Resource, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
- Functional Gene Annotation, Preclinical and Fundamental Science, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London (UCL), London, UK
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Alzforum, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Wang M, Su P, Liu Y, Zhang X, Yan J, An X, Wang X, Gu S. Abnormal expression of circRNA_089763 in the plasma exosomes of patients with post‑operative cognitive dysfunction after coronary artery bypass grafting. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:2549-2562. [PMID: 31524256 PMCID: PMC6691254 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-operative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a complication of the central nervous system characterized by mental disorders, anxiety, personality changes and impaired memory. POCD occurs frequently after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and can severely affect quality of life for patients. To date, the development of POCD biomarkers remains a challenge. Alterations in the expression of non-coding RNAs from brain tissue and peripheral blood have been linked to POCD. The present study aimed to detect the differential circular RNAs (circRNAs) in plasma exosomes of patients with POCD after CABG. The relative expression levels of circRNAs were analyzed using circRNA microarray analysis in the plasma exosomes of patients with POCD. Differentially altered circRNAs (P<0.05, fold change >1.5) were validated by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR in the plasma exosomes of patients with POCD. The target genes of the microRNAs were predicted using bioinformatics analysis. The functions and signaling pathways of these target genes were investigated by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses. The microarray results indicated that the levels of nine circRNAs in patients with POCD were higher than those in the control subjects; and six circRNAs were at a lower level than those in control subjects. The RT-qPCR results from patients with POCD showed that only circRNA_089763 of the 15 circRNAs identified was significantly increased compared with control subjects. circRNA target gene prediction and functional annotation analysis showed significant enrichment in several GO terms and pathways associated with POCD. The present study provides evidence for the abnormal expression of POCD-induced circRNA_089763 in human plasma exosomes, as well as the involvement of POCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maozhou Wang
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Pixiong Su
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Xitao Zhang
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Jun Yan
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Xiangguang An
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Song Gu
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
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28
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Sarrafpour S, Ormseth C, Chiang A, Arakaki X, Harrington M, Fonteh A. Lipid Metabolism in Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease Differs from Patients Presenting with Other Dementia Phenotypes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16111995. [PMID: 31195602 PMCID: PMC6603882 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16111995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of β-amyloid peptides (Aβ42) and Tau and cognitive decline are typical characteristics of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Since dysregulation in lipid metabolism accompanies abnormal amyloid formation, we quantified glycerophospholipids (GP) and sphingolipids (SP) in CSF fractions from participants with late-onset AD (LOAD, n = 29) or with Other Dementia (OD, n = 10) to determine if alterations in lipid metabolism account for pathological differences. Aβ42 and total Tau levels were determined using a sandwich ELISA. Liposomal-based fluorescent assays were used to measure phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and acid or neutral sphingomyelinase (aSMase, nSMase) activities. Supernatant fluid (SF) and nanoparticle (NP) lipids were quantified using LC-MS/MS. Although CSF Aβ42 and Tau levels are similar, phosphatidylserine (PS) in SF and ceramide (CM) levels in NP are significantly higher in OD compared with LOAD. The aSMase but not the nSMase activity is higher in OD. PLA2 activity in CSF from OD subjects positively correlates with several GP classes in SF and NP fractions but not in LOAD fractions. Our data indicate differences in CSF lipid metabolism between dementia variants. Higher levels of inflammatory and apoptotic lipids may induce faster neuronal death, resulting in the earlier cognitive decline in patients with OD phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syena Sarrafpour
- Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA 91105, USA.
- School of Medicine, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
| | - Cora Ormseth
- Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA 91105, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Abby Chiang
- Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA 91105, USA.
- Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
| | | | | | - Alfred Fonteh
- Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA 91105, USA.
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29
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Arya M, Manoj Kumar MK, Sabitha M, Menon KN, Nair SC. Nanotechnology approaches for enhanced CNS delivery in treating Alzheimer's disease. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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30
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Kong HE, Lim J, Zhang F, Huang L, Gu Y, Nelson DL, Allen EG, Jin P. Metabolic pathways modulate the neuronal toxicity associated with fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 28:980-991. [PMID: 30476102 PMCID: PMC6400045 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) is an adult-onset neurodegenerative disorder that affects premutation carriers (55-200 CGG repeats) of the fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) gene. Much remains unknown regarding the metabolic alterations associated with FXTAS, especially in the brain, and the most affected region, the cerebellum. Investigating the metabolic changes in FXTAS will aid in the identification of biomarkers as well as in understanding the pathogenesis of disease. To identify the metabolic alterations associated with FXTAS, we took advantage of our FXTAS mouse model that expresses 90 CGG repeats in cerebellar Purkinje neurons and exhibits the key phenotypic features of FXTAS. We performed untargeted global metabolic profiling of age-matched control and FXTAS mice cerebella at 16-20 weeks and 55 weeks. Out of 506 metabolites measured in cerebellum, we identified 186 metabolites that demonstrate significant perturbations due to the (CGG)90 repeat (P<0.05) and found that these differences increase dramatically with age. To identify key metabolic changes in FXTAS pathogenesis, we performed a genetic screen using a Drosophila model of FXTAS. Out of 28 genes that we tested in the fly, 8 genes showed significant enhanced neuronal toxicity associated with CGG repeats, such as Schlank (ceramide synthase), Sk2 (sphingosine kinase) and Ras (IMP dehydrogenase). By combining metabolic profiling with a Drosophila genetic screen to identify genetic modifiers of FXTAS, we demonstrate an effective method for functional validation of high-throughput metabolic data and show that sphingolipid and purine metabolism are significantly perturbed in FXTAS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Eun Kong
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Junghwa Lim
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Feiran Zhang
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Luoxiu Huang
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Yanghong Gu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David L Nelson
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Emily G Allen
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Peng Jin
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
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The Role of Ceramide and Sphingosine-1-Phosphate in Alzheimer's Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Disorders. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:5436-5455. [PMID: 30612333 PMCID: PMC6614129 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1448-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive sphingolipids-ceramide, sphingosine, and their respective 1-phosphates (C1P and S1P)-are signaling molecules serving as intracellular second messengers. Moreover, S1P acts through G protein-coupled receptors in the plasma membrane. Accumulating evidence points to sphingolipids' engagement in brain aging and in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Metabolic alterations observed in the course of neurodegeneration favor ceramide-dependent pro-apoptotic signaling, while the levels of the neuroprotective S1P are reduced. These trends are observed early in the diseases' development, suggesting causal relationship. Mechanistic evidence has shown links between altered ceramide/S1P rheostat and the production, secretion, and aggregation of amyloid β/α-synuclein as well as signaling pathways of critical importance for the pathomechanism of protein conformation diseases. Sphingolipids influence multiple aspects of Akt/protein kinase B signaling, a pathway that regulates metabolism, stress response, and Bcl-2 family proteins. The cross-talk between sphingolipids and transcription factors including NF-κB, FOXOs, and AP-1 may be also important for immune regulation and cell survival/death. Sphingolipids regulate exosomes and other secretion mechanisms that can contribute to either the spread of neurotoxic proteins between brain cells, or their clearance. Recent discoveries also suggest the importance of intracellular and exosomal pools of small regulatory RNAs in the creation of disturbed signaling environment in the diseased brain. The identified interactions of bioactive sphingolipids urge for their evaluation as potential therapeutic targets. Moreover, the early disturbances in sphingolipid metabolism may deliver easily accessible biomarkers of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Wang G, Bieberich E. Sphingolipids in neurodegeneration (with focus on ceramide and S1P). Adv Biol Regul 2018; 70:51-64. [PMID: 30287225 PMCID: PMC6251739 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2018.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
For many decades, research on sphingolipids associated with neurodegenerative disease focused on alterations in glycosphingolipids, particularly glycosylceramides (cerebrosides), sulfatides, and gangliosides. This seemed quite natural since many of these glycolipids are constituents of myelin and accumulated in lipid storage diseases (sphingolipidoses) resulting from enzyme deficiencies in glycolipid metabolism. With the advent of recognizing ceramide and its derivative, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), as key players in lipid cell signaling and regulation of cell death and survival, research focus shifted toward these two sphingolipids. Ceramide and S1P are invoked in a plethora of cell biological processes participating in neurodegeneration such as ER stress, autophagy, dysregulation of protein and lipid transport, exosome secretion and neurotoxic protein spreading, neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Hence, it is timely to discuss various functions of ceramide and S1P in neurodegenerative disease and to define sphingolipid metabolism and cell signaling pathways as potential targets for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghu Wang
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Erhard Bieberich
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
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Torretta E, Arosio B, Barbacini P, Casati M, Capitanio D, Mancuso R, Mari D, Cesari M, Clerici M, Gelfi C. Particular CSF sphingolipid patterns identify iNPH and AD patients. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13639. [PMID: 30206302 PMCID: PMC6133966 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31756-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is characterized by reversible neurological symptoms due to an impairment in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) clearance. In these patients, cognitive functions are severely impaired, with a scenario similar to Alzheimer’s disease (AD), making the differential diagnosis difficult and highlighting the need of new markers. We analyzed the composition of sphingolipids (SLs) in serum, by combining a single phase extraction with a high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) primuline-profiling, and, in CSF, by MALDI profiling and LC-MS. Ceramides and sphingomyelins (SMs) were similar in serum of iNPH and AD patients compared to healthy controls, whereas, in CSF, MALDI profiling indicated that: 1) SM C24:1 is significantly decreased in AD compared to iNPH patients and controls (Kruskal-Wallis p-value < 0.00001); 2) phosphatidylcholine (PC) 36:2 is increased in iNPH patients (p-value < 0.001). LC-MS identified an increasing trend of Cer C24:0 and of a set of SMs in patients with AD, a significant decrease of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) (t-test p-value 0.0325) and an increase of glucosylceramide (GlcCer) C24:0 (p-value 0.0037) in AD compared to iNPH patients. In conclusion CSF PC 36:2, SM C24:1, S1P, and GlcCer can contribute to improve the differential diagnosis of patients with iNPH or AD and foster preventive therapeutic strategies in the early phase of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrica Torretta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Segrate (Milan), Italy
| | - Beatrice Arosio
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Barbacini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Segrate (Milan), Italy
| | - Martina Casati
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Capitanio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Segrate (Milan), Italy
| | - Roberta Mancuso
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Mari
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Cesari
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Clerici
- Don C Gnocchi Foundation IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Department of Physiopathology and Transplants, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Cecilia Gelfi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Segrate (Milan), Italy. .,Clinical Proteomics Unit, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Health Care (IRCCS) Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese (Milan), Italy.
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de Wit NM, Snkhchyan H, den Hoedt S, Wattimena D, de Vos R, Mulder MT, Walter J, Martinez-Martinez P, Hoozemans JJ, Rozemuller AJ, de Vries HE. Altered Sphingolipid Balance in Capillary Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 60:795-807. [PMID: 27662305 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The majority of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) exhibit amyloid-β (Aβ) deposits at the brain vasculature, a process referred to as cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). In over 51% of AD cases, Aβ also accumulates in cortical capillaries, which is termed capillary CAA (capCAA). It has been postulated that the presence of capCAA in AD is a specific subtype of AD, although underlying mechanisms are not yet fully understood. Sphingolipids (SLs) are implicated in neurodegenerative disorders, including AD. However, to date it remains unknown whether alterations in the SL pathway are involved in capCAA pathogenesis and if these differ from AD. OBJECTIVE To determine whether AD cases with capCAA have an altered SL profile compared to AD cases without capCAA. METHODS Immunohistochemistry was performed to assess the expression and localization of ceramide, acid sphingomyelinase (ASM), and sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors (S1P1, S1P3). In addition, we determined the concentrations of S1P as well as different chain-lengths of ceramides using HPLC-MS/MS. RESULTS Immunohistochemical analysis revealed an altered expression of ceramide, ASM, and S1P receptors by reactive astrocytes and microglial cells specifically associated with capCAA. Moreover, a shift in the balance of ceramides with different chain-lengths and S1P content is observed in capCAA. CONCLUSION Here we provide evidence of a deregulated SL balance in capCAA. The increased levels of ASM and ceramide in activated glia cells suggest that the SL pathway is involved in the neuroinflammatory response in capCAA pathogenesis. Future research is needed to elucidate the role of S1P in capCAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nienke M de Wit
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hripsime Snkhchyan
- Department of Pathology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra den Hoedt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Darcos Wattimena
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rob de Vos
- Laboratorium Pathology Oost Nederland, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Monique T Mulder
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jochen Walter
- Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Pilar Martinez-Martinez
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen J Hoozemans
- Department of Pathology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annemieke J Rozemuller
- Department of Pathology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Helga E de Vries
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Mielke MM, Haughey NJ, Han D, An Y, Bandaru VVR, Lyketsos CG, Ferrucci L, Resnick SM. The Association Between Plasma Ceramides and Sphingomyelins and Risk of Alzheimer's Disease Differs by Sex and APOE in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 60:819-828. [PMID: 28035934 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cellular and animal studies demonstrated relationships between sphingolipid metabolism and Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. High blood ceramide levels have been shown to predict cognitive impairment and AD, but these studies had small sample sizes and did not assess differences in risk by sex or APOE genotype. OBJECTIVE To determine whether plasma ceramides and sphingomyelins were associated with risk of AD, and whether the association varied by sex and APOE genotype. METHODS Participants included 626 men and 366 women, aged 55 years and older, enrolled in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Plasma ceramides and sphingomyelins were determined using quantitative analyses performed on a high-performance liquid chromatography coupled electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometer. Cox proportional hazards models, stratified by sex, were used to examine the relationship of plasma ceramides and sphingomyelins with risk of AD over a mean (SD) follow-up of 15.0 (7.0) years for men and 13.1 (5.9) years for women. RESULTS Among men, the highest tertile of most ceramides and sphingomyelins were associated with an increased risk of AD. Among women, there were no associations between any of the ceramides and risk of AD. In contrast, women in the highest tertile of most sphingomyelins had a reduced risk of AD, which was most pronounced among APOE ɛ4 carriers. CONCLUSION These results provide further evidence for the role of sphingolipid metabolism in AD and highlight the importance of considering sex and APOE genotype in assessing this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M Mielke
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Norman J Haughey
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dingfen Han
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yang An
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Constantine G Lyketsos
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Susan M Resnick
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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36
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Di Pardo A, Maglione V. Sphingolipid Metabolism: A New Therapeutic Opportunity for Brain Degenerative Disorders. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:249. [PMID: 29719499 PMCID: PMC5913346 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases represent a class of fatal brain disorders for which the number of effective therapeutic options remains limited with only symptomatic treatment accessible. Multiple studies show that defects in sphingolipid pathways are shared among different brain disorders including neurodegenerative diseases and may contribute to their complex pathogenesis. In this mini review, we discuss the hypothesis that modulation of sphingolipid metabolism and their related signaling pathways may represent a potential therapeutic approach for those devastating conditions. The plausible “druggability” of sphingolipid pathways is greatly promising and represent a relevant feature that brings real advantage to the development of new therapeutic options for these conditions. Indeed, several molecules that selectively target sphingolipds are already available and many of them currently in clinical trial for human diseases. A deeper understanding of the “sphingolipid scenario” in neurodegenerative disorders would certainly enhance therapeutic perspectives for these conditions, by taking advantage from the already available molecules and by promoting the development of new ones.
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37
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Dominguez G, Maddelein ML, Pucelle M, Nicaise Y, Maurage CA, Duyckaerts C, Cuvillier O, Delisle MB. Neuronal sphingosine kinase 2 subcellular localization is altered in Alzheimer's disease brain. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2018; 6:25. [PMID: 29615132 PMCID: PMC5883421 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-018-0527-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by the accumulation of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides and hyperphosphorylated tau protein accompanied by neuronal loss. Aβ accumulation has been associated with an impaired sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) metabolism. S1P is generated by sphingosine kinases (SphKs), of which there are two isoenzymes SphK1 and SphK2, and degraded by the sphingosine 1-phosphate lyase (SPL). We previously reported, that both a decrease in SphK1 expression and an increase in SPL expression, correlated with amyloid deposits in the entorhinal cortex of AD brains, suggesting a global loss of pro-survival S1P in AD neurons. SphK2 contribution has also been examined in AD yielding to conflicting results that may reflect the complexity of SphK2 regulation. The subcellular localization of SphK2, hence the compartmentalization of generated S1P, is recognized to play a crucial role in dictating either its pro-survival or pro-apoptotic functions. We therefore aimed at studying the expression of SphK2 and notably its subcellular localization in brain tissues from patients with AD. Results We report that a decrease in SphK2 protein cytosolic expression correlated with the density of amyloid deposits in a cohort of 25 post-mortem brains. Interestingly, we observed that the equilibrium between cytoplasmic and nuclear SphK2 is disrupted and showed that SphK2 is preferentially localized in the nucleus in AD brain extracts as compared to control extracts, with a marked increase of cleaved SphK2. Conclusions Our results suggest that a shift in the subcellular localization of the S1P generating SphK2 may compromise the well established pro-survival cytosolic S1P by favoring the production of nuclear S1P associated with adverse effects in AD pathogenesis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40478-018-0527-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Sun J, Zhou H, Bai F, Zhang Z, Ren Q. Remyelination: A Potential Therapeutic Strategy for Alzheimer's Disease? J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 58:597-612. [PMID: 28453483 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Myelin is a lipid-rich multilamellar membrane that wraps around long segments of neuronal axons and it increases the conduction of action potentials, transports the necessary trophic support to the neuronal axons, and reduces the energy consumed by the neuronal axons. Together with axons, myelin is a prerequisite for the higher functions of the central nervous system and complex forms of network integration. Myelin impairments have been suggested to lead to neuronal dysfunction and cognitive decline. Accumulating evidence, including brain imaging and postmortem and genetic association studies, has implicated myelin impairments in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Increasing data link myelin impairments with amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and tau hyperphosphorylation, which are both present in patients with AD. Moreover, aging and apolipoprotein E (ApoE) may be involved in the myelin impairments observed in patients with AD. Decreased neuronal activity, increased Aβ levels, and inflammation further damage myelin in patients with AD. Furthermore, treatments that promote myelination contribute to the recovery of neuronal function and improve cognition. Therefore, strategies targeting myelin impairment may provide therapeutic opportunities for patients with AD.
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Identifying therapeutic targets by combining transcriptional data with ordinal clinical measurements. Nat Commun 2017; 8:623. [PMID: 28931805 PMCID: PMC5606996 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00353-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The immense and growing repositories of transcriptional data may contain critical insights for developing new therapies. Current approaches to mining these data largely rely on binary classifications of disease vs. control, and are not able to incorporate measures of disease severity. We report an analytical approach to integrate ordinal clinical information with transcriptomics. We apply this method to public data for a large cohort of Huntington’s disease patients and controls, identifying and prioritizing phenotype-associated genes. We verify the role of a high-ranked gene in dysregulation of sphingolipid metabolism in the disease and demonstrate that inhibiting the enzyme, sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase 1 (SPL), has neuroprotective effects in Huntington’s disease models. Finally, we show that one consequence of inhibiting SPL is intracellular inhibition of histone deacetylases, thus linking our observations in sphingolipid metabolism to a well-characterized Huntington’s disease pathway. Our approach is easily applied to any data with ordinal clinical measurements, and may deepen our understanding of disease processes. Identifying gene subsets affecting disease phenotypes from transcriptome data is challenge. Here, the authors develop a method that combines transcriptional data with disease ordinal clinical measurements to discover a sphingolipid metabolism regulator involving in Huntington’s disease progression.
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40
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Yang BY, Tan JY, Liu Y, Liu B, Jin S, Guo HW, Kuang HX. A UPLC-TOF/MS-based metabolomics study of rattan stems ofSchisandra chinensiseffects on Alzheimer's disease rats model. Biomed Chromatogr 2017; 32. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bing-You Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education); Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine; Harbin People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Yan Tan
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education); Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine; Harbin People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education); Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine; Harbin People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education); Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine; Harbin People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Jin
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education); Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine; Harbin People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Wei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education); Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine; Harbin People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Xue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education); Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine; Harbin People's Republic of China
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Hatoum D, Haddadi N, Lin Y, Nassif NT, McGowan EM. Mammalian sphingosine kinase (SphK) isoenzymes and isoform expression: challenges for SphK as an oncotarget. Oncotarget 2017; 8:36898-36929. [PMID: 28415564 PMCID: PMC5482707 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The various sphingosine kinase (SphK) isoenzymes (isozymes) and isoforms, key players in normal cellular physiology, are strongly implicated in cancer and other diseases. Mutations in SphKs, that may justify abnormal physiological function, have not been recorded. Nonetheless, there is a large and growing body of evidence demonstrating the contribution of gain or loss of function and the imbalance in the SphK/S1P rheostat to a plethora of pathological conditions including cancer, diabetes and inflammatory diseases. SphK is expressed as two isozymes SphK1 and SphK2, transcribed from genes located on different chromosomes and both isozymes catalyze the phosphorylation of sphingosine to S1P. Expression of each SphK isozyme produces alternately spliced isoforms. In recent years the importance of the contribution of SpK1 expression to treatment resistance in cancer has been highlighted and, additionally, differences in treatment outcome appear to also be dependent upon SphK isoform expression. This review focuses on an exciting emerging area of research involving SphKs functions, expression and subcellular localization, highlighting the complexity of targeting SphK in cancer and also comorbid diseases. This review also covers the SphK isoenzymes and isoforms from a historical perspective, from their first discovery in murine species and then in humans, their role(s) in normal cellular function and in disease processes, to advancement of SphK as an oncotarget.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Hatoum
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Nahal Haddadi
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Yiguang Lin
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Najah T. Nassif
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Eileen M. McGowan
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
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Oberacher H, Arnhard K, Linhart C, Diwo A, Marksteiner J, Humpel C. Targeted Metabolomic Analysis of Soluble Lysates from Platelets of Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease Compared to Healthy Controls: Is PC aeC40:4 a Promising Diagnostic Tool? J Alzheimers Dis 2017; 57:493-504. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-160172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Oberacher
- Department of Legal Medicine and Core Facility Metabolomics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Kathrin Arnhard
- Department of Legal Medicine and Core Facility Metabolomics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Caroline Linhart
- Department of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Health Economics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Angela Diwo
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy A, Hall State Hospital, Austria
| | - Josef Marksteiner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy A, Hall State Hospital, Austria
| | - Christian Humpel
- Laboratory of Psychiatry and Experimental Alzheimer’s Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
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Enche Ady CNA, Lim SM, Teh LK, Salleh MZ, Chin AV, Tan MP, Poi PJH, Kamaruzzaman SB, Abdul Majeed AB, Ramasamy K. Metabolomic-guided discovery of Alzheimer's disease biomarkers from body fluid. J Neurosci Res 2017; 95:2005-2024. [PMID: 28301062 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The rapid increase in the older population has made age-related diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD) a global concern. Given that there is still no cure for this neurodegenerative disease, the drastic growth in the number of susceptible individuals represents a major emerging threat to public health. The poor understanding of the mechanisms underlying AD is deemed the greatest stumbling block against progress in definitive diagnosis and management of this disease. There is a dire need for biomarkers that can facilitate early diagnosis, classification, prognosis, and treatment response. Efforts have been directed toward discovery of reliable and distinctive AD biomarkers but with very little success. With the recent emergence of high-throughput technology that is able to collect and catalogue vast datasets of small metabolites, metabolomics offers hope for a better understanding of AD and subsequent identification of biomarkers. This review article highlights the potential of using multiple metabolomics platforms as useful means in uncovering AD biomarkers from body fluids. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che Nor Adlia Enche Ady
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.,Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group, Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences Community of Research, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Siong Meng Lim
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.,Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group, Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences Community of Research, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Lay Kek Teh
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Zaki Salleh
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Ai-Vyrn Chin
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Maw Pin Tan
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Philip Jun Hua Poi
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shahrul Bahyah Kamaruzzaman
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Abu Bakar Abdul Majeed
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.,Brain Degeneration and Therapeutics Group, Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences Community of Research, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Kalavathy Ramasamy
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.,Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group, Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences Community of Research, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia. There are still no disease modifying treatments that can cure or slow disease progression. Recently, Alzheimer's disease researchers have attempted to improve early detection and diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer's disease, with the rationale that treatment of disease, or even prevention, may be more successful during the early preclinical stages of Alzheimer's disease when neurodegenerative damage is not as widespread. As the brain has a high lipid content, lipidomics may offer novel insights into the underlying pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. This review reports on recent developments in the relatively unexplored field of lipidomics in Alzheimer's disease, including novel biomarkers and pathomechanisms of Alzheimer's disease. RECENT FINDINGS Numerous biomarker panels involving phospholipids and sphingolipids have been proposed, indicating perturbed lipid metabolism in early stages of Alzheimer's disease. Future strategies targeting these metabolic changes through dietary supplementation could have therapeutic benefits in at-risk individuals. SUMMARY Dysregulated lipid metabolism could reflect pathological changes in synaptic function and neuronal membranes, leading to cognitive decline. However, extensive validation in large independent cohorts is required before lipid biomarkers can be used clinically to assess Alzheimer's disease risk and progression.
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Giles C, Takechi R, Mellett NA, Meikle PJ, Dhaliwal S, Mamo JC. Differential regulation of sphingolipid metabolism in plasma, hippocampus, and cerebral cortex of mice administered sphingolipid modulating agents. J Neurochem 2017; 141:413-422. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Corey Giles
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute; Curtin University; Perth Western Australia Australia
- School of Public Health; Faculty of Health Sciences; Curtin University; Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Ryusuke Takechi
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute; Curtin University; Perth Western Australia Australia
- School of Public Health; Faculty of Health Sciences; Curtin University; Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Natalie A. Mellett
- Metabolomics Laboratory; Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Peter J. Meikle
- Metabolomics Laboratory; Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Satvinder Dhaliwal
- School of Public Health; Faculty of Health Sciences; Curtin University; Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - John C. Mamo
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute; Curtin University; Perth Western Australia Australia
- School of Public Health; Faculty of Health Sciences; Curtin University; Perth Western Australia Australia
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Garcia-Gil M, Pierucci F, Vestri A, Meacci E. Crosstalk between sphingolipids and vitamin D3: potential role in the nervous system. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:605-627. [PMID: 28127747 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids are both structural and bioactive compounds. In particular, ceramide and sphingosine 1-phosphate regulate cell fate, inflammation and excitability. 1-α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2 D3 ) is known to play an important physiological role in growth and differentiation in a variety of cell types, including neural cells, through genomic actions mediated by its specific receptor, and non-genomic effects that result in the activation of specific signalling pathways. 1,25(OH)2 D3 and sphingolipids, in particular sphingosine 1-phosphate, share many common effectors, including calcium regulation, growth factors and inflammatory cytokines, but it is still not known whether they can act synergistically. Alterations in the signalling and concentrations of sphingolipids and 1,25(OH)2 D3 have been found in neurodegenerative diseases and fingolimod, a structural analogue of sphingosine, has been approved for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. This review, after a brief description of the role of sphingolipids and 1,25(OH)2 D3 , will focus on the potential crosstalk between sphingolipids and 1,25(OH)2 D3 in neural cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Garcia-Gil
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood 'Nutraceuticals and Food for Health', University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Federica Pierucci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences 'Mario Serio', Molecular and Applied Biology Research Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Interuniversitary Miology Institutes, Italy
| | - Ambra Vestri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences 'Mario Serio', Molecular and Applied Biology Research Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Interuniversitary Miology Institutes, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Meacci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences 'Mario Serio', Molecular and Applied Biology Research Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Interuniversitary Miology Institutes, Italy
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Metabolic profiling of presymptomatic Huntington's disease sheep reveals novel biomarkers. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43030. [PMID: 28223686 PMCID: PMC5320451 DOI: 10.1038/srep43030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The pronounced cachexia (unexplained wasting) seen in Huntington’s disease (HD) patients suggests that metabolic dysregulation plays a role in HD pathogenesis, although evidence of metabolic abnormalities in HD patients is inconsistent. We performed metabolic profiling of plasma from presymptomatic HD transgenic and control sheep. Metabolites were quantified in sequential plasma samples taken over a 25 h period using a targeted LC/MS metabolomics approach. Significant changes with respect to genotype were observed in 89/130 identified metabolites, including sphingolipids, biogenic amines, amino acids and urea. Citrulline and arginine increased significantly in HD compared to control sheep. Ten other amino acids decreased in presymptomatic HD sheep, including branched chain amino acids (isoleucine, leucine and valine) that have been identified previously as potential biomarkers of HD. Significant increases in urea, arginine, citrulline, asymmetric and symmetric dimethylarginine, alongside decreases in sphingolipids, indicate that both the urea cycle and nitric oxide pathways are dysregulated at early stages in HD. Logistic prediction modelling identified a set of 8 biomarkers that can identify 80% of the presymptomatic HD sheep as transgenic, with 90% confidence. This level of sensitivity, using minimally invasive methods, offers novel opportunities for monitoring disease progression in HD patients.
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48
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Death-associated protein kinase 1 phosphorylates NDRG2 and induces neuronal cell death. Cell Death Differ 2016; 24:238-250. [PMID: 28141794 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2016.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1) has been shown to have important roles in neuronal cell death in several model systems and has been implicated in multiple diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms by which DAPK1 signals neuronal cell death. In this study, N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) was identified as a novel substrate of DAPK1 using phospho-peptide library screening. DAPK1 interacted with NDRG2 and directly phosphorylated the Ser350 residue in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, DAPK1 overexpression increased neuronal cell death through NDRG2 phosphorylation after ceramide treatment. In contrast, inhibition of DAPK1 by overexpression of a DAPK1 kinase-deficient mutant and small hairpin RNA, or by treatment with a DAPK1 inhibitor significantly decreased neuronal cell death, and abolished NDRG2 phosphorylation in cell culture and in primary neurons. Furthermore, NDRG2-mediated cell death by DAPK1 was required for a caspase-dependent poly-ADP-ribose polymerase cleavage. In addition, DAPK1 ablation suppressed ceramide-induced cell death in mouse brain and neuronal cell death in Tg2576 APPswe-overexpressing mice. Finally, levels of phosphorylated NDRG2 Ser350 and DAPK1 were significantly increased in human AD brain samples. Thus, phosphorylation of NDRG2 on Ser350 by DAPK1 is a novel mechanism activating NDRG2 function and involved in neuronal cell death regulation in vivo.
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Ottenlinger FM, Mayer CA, Ferreirós N, Schreiber Y, Schwiebs A, Schmidt KG, Ackermann H, Pfeilschifter JM, Radeke HH. Interferon-Beta Increases Plasma Ceramides of Specific Chain Length in Multiple Sclerosis Patients, Unlike Fingolimod or Natalizumab. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:412. [PMID: 27857690 PMCID: PMC5093125 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fingolimod is used for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) and targets receptors for the bioactive sphingolipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). Whether fingolimod or other MS therapies conversely affect plasma concentrations of sphingolipids has, however, not yet been analyzed. Herein, we quantified 15 representative sphingolipid species by mass spectrometry in plasma from relapsing-remitting MS patients currently under fingolimod (n = 24), natalizumab (n = 16), or IFN-β (n = 18) treatment. Healthy controls (n = 21) and untreated MS patients (n = 11) served as control groups. IFN-ß treatment strongly increased plasma level of C16:0, C18:0, C20:0, and C24:1 ceramides compared to healthy controls, untreated patients, or patients receiving fingolimod or natalizumab medication. Natalizumab treatment increased plasma concentrations of both S1P and sphinganine-1-phosphate, whereas fingolimod treatment did not affect any of these lipids. Correlations of sphingolipids with the Expanded Disability Status Scale and other disease specific parameters revealed no systemic change of sphingolipids in MS, independent of the respective treatment regime. These results indicate type I interferon treatment to cause a strong and specific increase in ceramide level. If confirmed in larger cohorts, these data have implications for the efficacy and adverse effects of IFN-β. Moreover, quantification of ceramides soon after therapy initiation may help to identify therapy-responsive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian M Ottenlinger
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christoph A Mayer
- Center for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Goethe University Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nerea Ferreirós
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe University Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Yannick Schreiber
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Project Group TMP, Goethe University Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Anja Schwiebs
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Katrin G Schmidt
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Hanns Ackermann
- Institute for Biostatistics and Mathematical Modelling, Goethe University Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Josef M Pfeilschifter
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Heinfried H Radeke
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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50
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Sharma N, Singh AN. Exploring Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease. J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10:KE01-6. [PMID: 27630867 PMCID: PMC5020308 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/18828.8166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is one of the most common form of dementia occurring in elderly population worldwide. Currently Aβ42, tau and p-tau in the cerebrospinal fluid is estimated for confirmation of AD. CSF which is being used as the potent source for biomarker screening is obtained by invasive lumbar punctures. Thus, there is an urgent need of minimal invasive methods for identification of diagnostic markers for early detection of AD. Blood serum and plasma serves as an appropriate source, due to minimal discomfort to the patients, promoting frequent testing, better follow-up and better consent to clinical trials. Hence, the need of the hour demands discovery of diagnostic and prognostic patient specific signature biomarkers by using emerging technologies of mass spectrometry, microarrays and peptidomics. In this review we summarize the present scenario of AD biomarkers such as circulatory biomarkers, blood based amyloid markers, inflammatory markers and oxidative stress markers being investigated and also some of the potent biomarkers which might be able to predict early onset of Alzheimer's and delay cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeti Sharma
- Assistant Professor, Symbiosis School of Biomedical Sciences, Symbiosis International University, Lavale, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anshika Nikita Singh
- DST- Inspire Junior Research Fellow, Symbiosis School of Biomedical Sciences, Symbiosis International University, Lavale, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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