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Bays HE, Gonsahn-Bollie S, Younglove C, Wharton S. Obesity Pillars Roundtable: Body mass index and body composition in Black and Female individuals. Race-relevant or racist? Sex-relevant or sexist? OBESITY PILLARS 2022; 4:100044. [PMID: 37990673 PMCID: PMC10662008 DOI: 10.1016/j.obpill.2022.100044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Background Body mass index (BMI or weight in kilograms/height in meters2) is the most common metric to diagnose overweight and obesity. However, a body composition analysis more thoroughly assesses adiposity, percent body fat, lean body mass (i.e., including skeletal muscle), and sometimes bone mineral density. BMI is not an accurate assessment of body fat in individuals with increased or decreased muscle mass; the diagnostic utility of BMI in individuals is also influenced by race and sex. Methods Previous Obesity Pillars Roundtables addressed the diagnostic limitations of BMI, the importance of android and visceral fat (especially among those with South and East Asian ancestry), and considerations of obesity among individuals who identify as Hispanic, diverse in sexual-orientation, Black, Native American, and having ancestry from the Mediterranean and Middle East regions. This roundtable examines considerations of BMI in Black and female individuals. Results The panelists agreed that body composition assessment was a more accurate measure of adiposity and muscle mass than BMI. When it came to matters of race and sex, one panelist felt: "race is a social construct and not a defining biology." Another felt that: "BMI should be a screening tool to prompt further evaluation of adiposity that utilizes better diagnostic tools for body composition." Regarding bias and misperceptions of resistance training in female individuals, another panelist stated: "I have spent my entire medical career taking care of women and have never seen a woman unintentionally gain 'too much' muscle mass and bulk up from moderate strength training." Conclusions Conveying the importance of race and sex regarding body composition has proven challenging, with the discussion sometimes devolving into misunderstandings or misinformation that may be perceived as racist or sexist. Body composition analysis is the ultimate diagnostic equalizer in addressing the inaccuracies and biases inherent in the exclusive use of BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold Edward Bays
- American Board of Obesity Medicine, Medical Director / President Louisville Metabolic and Atherosclerosis Research Center Clinical Associate Professor / University of Louisville Medical School, 3288 Illinois Avenue Louisville KY, 40213, USA
| | - Sylvia Gonsahn-Bollie
- American Board of Obesity Medicine, Embrace You Weight & Wellness Founder, Black Physicians Healthcare Network, Council of Black Obesity Physicians Founding Member, 8705 Colesville Rd Suite 103, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
| | - Courtney Younglove
- American Board of Obesity Medicine, Founder/Medical Director: Heartland Weight Loss, 14205 Metcalf Avenue Overland Park, KS, 66223, USA
| | - Sean Wharton
- McMaster University, York University, University of Toronto Wharton Medical Clinic 2951 Walker’s Line, Burlington,Ontario, Canada
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2
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Luo L, Liu M. Adiponectin: friend or foe in obesity and inflammation. MEDICAL REVIEW (2021) 2022; 2:349-362. [PMID: 37724325 PMCID: PMC10388816 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2022-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Adiponectin is an adipokine predominantly produced by fat cells, circulates and exerts insulin-sensitizing, cardioprotective and anti-inflammatory effects. Dysregulation of adiponectin and/or adiponectin signaling is implicated in a number of metabolic diseases such as obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. However, while the insulin-sensitizing and cardioprotective effects of adiponectin have been widely appreciated in the field, the obesogenic and anti-inflammatory effects of adiponectin are still of much debate. Understanding the physiological function of adiponectin is critical for adiponectin-based therapeutics for the treatment of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Meilian Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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3
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Lee S, Karvonen-Gutierrez C, Mukherjee B, Herman WH, Park SK. Race-specific associations of urinary phenols and parabens with adipokines in midlife women: The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 303:119164. [PMID: 35306088 PMCID: PMC9883839 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Adipokines, cytokines secreted by adipose tissue, may contribute to obesity-related metabolic disease. The role of environmental phenols and parabens in racial difference in metabolic disease burden has been suggested, but there is limited evidence. We examined the cross-sectional associations of urinary phenols and parabens with adipokines and effect modification by race. Urinary concentrations of 6 phenols (bisphenol-A, bisphenol-F, 2,4-diclorophenol, 2,5-diclorophenol, triclosan, benzophenone-3) and 4 parabens (methyl-paraben, ethyl-paraben, propyl-paraben, butyl-paraben) were measured in 2002-2003 among 1200 women (mean age = 52.6) enrolled in the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation Multi-Pollutant Study. Serum adipokines included adiponectin, high molecular weight (HMW)-adiponectin, leptin, soluble leptin receptor (sOB-R). Linear regression models were used to estimate the adjusted percentage change in adipokines per inter-quantile range (IQR) increase in standardized and log-transformed levels of individual urinary phenols and parabens. Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) was used to evaluate the joint effect of urinary phenols and parabens as mixtures. Participants included white (52.5%), black (19.3%), and Asian (28.1%) women. Urinary 2,4-dichlorophenol was associated with 6.02% (95% CI: 1.20%, 10.83%) higher HMW-adiponectin and urinary bisphenol-F was associated with 2.60% (0.48%, 4.71%) higher sOB-R. Urinary methyl-paraben was associated with lower leptin in all women but this association differed by race: 8.58% (-13.99%, -3.18%) lower leptin in white women but 11.68% (3.52%, 19.84%) higher leptin in black women (P interaction = 0.001). No significant associations were observed in Asian women. Additionally, we observed a significant positive overall effect of urinary phenols and parabens mixtures in relation to leptin levels in black, but not in white or Asian women. Urinary bisphenol-F, 2,4-dichlorophenol and methyl-paraben may be associated with favorable profiles of adipokines, but methyl-paraben, widely used in hair and personal care products, was associated with unfavorable leptin levels in black women. Future studies are needed to confirm this racial difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seulbi Lee
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Department of Big Data Strategy, National Health Insurance Service, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Carrie Karvonen-Gutierrez
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Bhramar Mukherjee
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - William H Herman
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Sung Kyun Park
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
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4
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Rostami Rayeni N, Abdollahzad H, Alibakhshi P, Morvaridzadeh M, Heydari H, Dehnad A, Khorshidi M, Izadi A, Shidfar F, Dulce Estêvão M, Omidi A, Heshmati J. Effects of body weight regain on leptin levels: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cytokine 2021; 148:155647. [PMID: 34344588 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are different changes observed before and after diet therapy, and also after weight regain. However, there is not sufficient information regarding weight regain and hormonal changes. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to review the connection between weight regain and leptin concentration levels. METHODS MEDLINE, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched for interventional articles published from January 1, 1980, to June 30, 2020. Randomized clinical trials with parallel or cross over design assessing leptin concentrations at the baseline and at the end of study were reviewed. Two independent reviewers extracted data related to study design, year of publication, country, age, gender, body mass index (BMI), duration of the following up period and mean ± SD of other intended variables. RESULTS Four articles were included, published between 2004 and 2016. Three of them were conducted in the US and one of them in Netherland. Sample size of the studies ranged between 25 and 148 participants. The range of following up period was from13 to 48 weeks. The age range of participants was from 34 to 44 years. Our analysis shows that weight regain could reduce leptin levels, but this change is not statistically significant. CONCLUSION This review suggests that weight regain may induce a non-significant reduction in leptin level. However, the limited number and great heterogeneity between the included studies may affect the presented results and there are still need to well-designed, large population studies to determine the relationship between weight regain and leptin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najme Rostami Rayeni
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadi Abdollahzad
- Department of Nutritional Science, School of Nutritional Science and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Pooya Alibakhshi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojgan Morvaridzadeh
- Songhor Healthcare Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hafez Heydari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Dehnad
- Department of English Language, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Center for Educational Research in Medical Sciences (CERMS), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
| | - Masoud Khorshidi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azimeh Izadi
- Iran Football Medical Assessment and Rehabilitation Center (IFMARC), Tehran, Iran; Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farzad Shidfar
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - M Dulce Estêvão
- Universidade do Algarve, Escola Superior de Saúde, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal.
| | - Amirhosein Omidi
- Songhor Healthcare Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Javad Heshmati
- Songhor Healthcare Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Oberle MM, Kinsey EW, Lipman TH, Cannuscio C, Hillier A, Stallings VA. Dietary Intake and Appetite Hormone Patterns among Mothers Participating in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program: A Pilot Study. JOURNAL OF HUNGER & ENVIRONMENTAL NUTRITION 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/19320248.2019.1640826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Megan M. Oberle
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
- Center for Pediatric Obesity Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
- The Leonard David Institute of Health Economics, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Eliza Whiteman Kinsey
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York City, USA
| | - Terri H. Lipman
- School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Carolyn Cannuscio
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Amy Hillier
- School of Social Policy and Practice, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
- School of Design, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Virginia A. Stallings
- School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA
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6
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Caffo O, Ralston PA, Lemacks JL, Young-Clark I, Wickrama KKAS, Ilich JZ. Sex and Body Circumferences Associated with Serum Leptin in African American Adults. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2021; 30:1769-1777. [PMID: 33661054 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2020.8820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) continues to be a leading cause of death for U.S. adults, especially African Americans (AA). Yet, few studies have examined a comprehensive set of metabolic health and health behavior factors related to CVD risk in this population. This study investigated the relationship between serum leptin and anthropometries (body mass index [BMI], circumferences [waist-WC, hip-HC, and waist/hip ratio W/H]), metabolic health (systolic and diastolic blood pressure [BP], serum lipids, glucose, and C-reactive protein [CRP]), and health behaviors (hours of sleep, physical activity) in midlife and older AAs. Materials and Methods: Participants (n = 89, ≥45 years of age) were AAs in six churches in North Florida enrolled in a broader church-based longitudinal study. Anthropometric measurements, serum analyses, and self-reported items. Results: Serum leptin was positively correlated with gender (being female) (r = 0.623, p < 0.001), BMI log transformed (r = 0.469, p < 0.001), WC (r = 0.440, p < 0.001), HC (r = 0.658, p < 0.001), use of BP medication (r = 0.216, p < 0.05), and serum CRP (r = 0.277, p < 0.01). Correlations by sex showed significant relationships for both men and women between leptin and BMI log transformed, WC, and HC. The final multiple regression model [R2 = 0.758, F(4, 66) = 55.871, p < 0.001] showed that 75.8% of the variance in leptin was explained by being female (β = 0.65, p < 0.001), WC (β = 0.26, p < 0.02), and HC (β = 0.28, p < 0.01). Conclusions: Findings more specifically delineate the variables associated with serum leptin in AAs, particularly WC and HC, and suggest greater attention to possible risk for leptin resistance in AA females. Clinical Trial Registration: This study is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT03339050.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olenka Caffo
- College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Penny A Ralston
- Center on Better Health and Life for Underserved Populations, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Jennifer L Lemacks
- School of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi, USA
| | - Iris Young-Clark
- Center on Better Health and Life for Underserved Populations, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | | | - Jasminka Z Ilich
- Institute for Successful Longevity, Consulting Faculty, Center on Better Health and Life for Underserved Populations, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
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7
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Moreira-Pais A, Ferreira R, Neves JS, Vitorino R, Moreira-Gonçalves D, Nogueira-Ferreira R. Sex differences on adipose tissue remodeling: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic interventions. J Mol Med (Berl) 2020; 98:483-493. [PMID: 32152705 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-020-01890-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sexual dimorphism greatly influences adipose tissue remodeling, which is characterized by changes in the activity, number, and/or size of adipocytes in response to distinct stimuli, including lifestyle and anti-obesity drugs. This sex dependence seems to be due to the anatomical and endocrine disparities between men and women. At the molecular level, sex hormones are believed to mediate such differences and involve estrogen and androgen receptor-induced gene expression. The signaling pathways that regulate adipose tissue metabolism and function include peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), among other molecular players. Sex hormone-related pathways also interplay with adrenergic signaling, probably the most well-characterized molecular mechanism implicated in the remodeling of white adipose tissue. This review overviews and integrates the signaling pathways behind sexual dimorphism in adipose tissue remodeling, hoping to increase the knowledge on the pathogenesis of diseases, such as obesity and related comorbidities, and consequently, to drive future studies to investigate the regulation of this tissue homeostasis, either in men or women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Moreira-Pais
- QOPNA & LAQV, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal. .,CIAFEL, Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, R. Dr. Plácido da Costa 91, 4200-450, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Rita Ferreira
- QOPNA & LAQV, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João Sérgio Neves
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal.,UnIC, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Vitorino
- UnIC, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Medical Sciences, iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Agra do Crasto, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Daniel Moreira-Gonçalves
- CIAFEL, Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, R. Dr. Plácido da Costa 91, 4200-450, Porto, Portugal.,UnIC, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Nogueira-Ferreira
- UnIC, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
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8
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Sterling SR, Bowen SA. The Potential for Plant-Based Diets to Promote Health Among Blacks Living in the United States. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2915. [PMID: 31810250 PMCID: PMC6949922 DOI: 10.3390/nu11122915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-based diets are associated with reduced risks of various chronic diseases in the general population. However, it is unclear how these benefits translate to Blacks living in the United States, who are disproportionately burdened with heart disease, cancer, diabetes, obesity, and chronic kidney disease. The objectives of this study were to: (1) review the general evidence of plant-based diets and health outcomes; (2) discuss how this evidence translates to Blacks following a plant-based diet; and (3) provide recommendations and considerations for future studies in this area. Interestingly, although the evidence supporting plant-based diets in the general population is robust, little research has been done on Blacks specifically. However, the available data suggests that following a plant-based diet may reduce the risk of heart disease and possibly cancer in this population. More research is needed on cardiovascular disease risk factors, cancer subtypes, and other chronic diseases. Further, attention must be given to the unique individual, familial, communal, and environmental needs that Blacks who follow plant-based diets may have. Interventions must be culturally appropriate in order to achieve long-term success, and providing low-cost, flavorful, and nutritious options will be important.
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9
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Banh TH, Puchala SE, Cole RM, Andridge RR, Kiecolt-Glaser JK, Belury MA. Blood level of adiponectin is positively associated with lean mass in women without type 2 diabetes. Menopause 2019; 26:1311-1317. [PMID: 31688578 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between blood levels of adiponectin and leptin with lean body and trunk adipose mass in women with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS This cross-sectional study analyzed baseline data from five previous clinical studies involving postmenopausal women (n = 95). Body composition was assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, and appendicular lean mass was calculated based on body mass index (ALMBMI). Adipokines and cytokines were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Linear mixed-effect models with a random study effect were used to investigate the relationship between predictors (eg, adiponectin, leptin), outcomes (eg, ALMBMI, trunk adipose mass), and co-variables (T2DM status, age, interleukin-6, and C-reactive protein). RESULTS Postmenopausal women with T2DM had lower ALMBMI than those without T2DM. There was a positive association between blood adiponectin and ALMBMI in postmenopausal women without T2DM, but no association in those with T2DM. Blood leptin was negatively associated with ALMBMI for women regardless of T2DM diagnosis. Blood adiponectin was negatively associated, whereas blood leptin was positively associated with trunk adipose mass for the entire cohort. CONCLUSIONS T2DM status moderated the relationship between blood adiponectin and ALMBMI, where blood adiponectin was positively associated with ALMBMI in postmenopausal women without T2DM, but not those with T2DM. Dysregulated metabolism in T2DM may contribute to lower muscle mass in women with T2DM, but future research is required to elucidate this mechanistic link. The negative association between blood leptin and ALMBMI was a novel finding. Future studies will need to more clearly define the relationship between these variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor H Banh
- Program of Human Nutrition, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Sarah E Puchala
- Program of Human Nutrition, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Rachel M Cole
- Program of Human Nutrition, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | | | - Janice K Kiecolt-Glaser
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Martha A Belury
- Program of Human Nutrition, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
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10
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A novel biomarker of cardiometabolic pathology in schizophrenia? J Psychiatr Res 2019; 117:31-37. [PMID: 31276836 PMCID: PMC6707833 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persons with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder (PwS) have high rates of cardiometabolic pathology that contributes to premature mortality. Adiponectin is a metabolic hormone affecting insulin sensitivity and inflammation, and is active in the brain. High-molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin is considered a more sensitive marker of metabolic dysfunction than total adiponectin, but has been poorly studied in schizophrenia. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study of 100 PwS, age range 26-68 years (46 women), and 93 age- and sex-comparable non-psychiatric comparison (NC) subjects. Assessments included measures of psychopathology, physical health, cognitive function, and circulating biomarkers of metabolic dysfunction (HMW adiponectin, lipids, insulin resistance) and inflammation (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein or hs-CRP, Tumor Necrosis Factor-α, Interleukin-6, and Interleukin-10). RESULTS HMW adiponectin levels were lower in PwS compared to NCs. Lower HMW adiponectin levels were associated with higher body mass index (BMI), higher Framingham risk for coronary heart disease, higher number of metabolic syndrome criteria, greater insulin resistance, lower HDL cholesterol, and higher hs-CRP in both groups. Only in PwS, lower HMW adiponectin correlated with younger age. In the best-fit regression models of HMW adiponectin, lower levels were associated with lower HDL cholesterol and minority race/ethnicity in both groups; but with younger age, non-smoking, higher insulin resistance, and a diagnosis of schizoaffective disorder only among PwS, and with male sex, better cognitive functioning, and higher hs-CRP levels in NCs only. DISCUSSION HMW adiponectin may be a promising biomarker of cardiometabolic health, especially among PwS. Adiponectin is a potential target for lifestyle and pharmacological interventions. Research on the possible role of HMW adiponectin in modifying cardiometabolic pathology in schizophrenia is needed.
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11
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Hackler E, Lew J, Gore MO, Ayers CR, Atzler D, Khera A, Rohatgi A, Lewis A, Neeland I, Omland T, de Lemos JA. Racial Differences in Cardiovascular Biomarkers in the General Population. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 8:e012729. [PMID: 31514563 PMCID: PMC6817997 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.012729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background The incidence and clinical manifestations of cardiovascular disease (CVD) differ between blacks and whites. Biomarkers that reflect important pathophysiological pathways may provide a window to allow deeper understanding of racial differences in CVD. Methods and Results The study included 2635 white and black participants from the Dallas Heart Study who were free from existing CVD. Cross‐sectional associations between race and 32 biomarkers were evaluated using multivariable linear regression adjusting for age, traditional CVD risk factors, imaging measures of body composition, renal function, insulin resistance, left ventricular mass, and socioeconomic factors. In fully adjusted models, black women had higher lipoprotein(a), leptin, d‐dimer, osteoprotegerin, antinuclear antibody, homoarginine, suppression of tumorigenicity‐2, and urinary microalbumin, and lower adiponectin, soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products and N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide versus white women. Black men had higher lipoprotein(a), leptin, d‐dimer, high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein, antinuclear antibody, symmetrical dimethylarginine, homoarginine, high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin T, suppression of tumorigenicity‐2, and lower adiponectin, soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products, and N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide versus white men. Adjustment for biomarkers that were associated with higher CVD risk, and that differed between blacks and whites, attenuated the risk for CVD events in black women (unadjusted hazard ratio 2.05, 95% CI 1.32, 3.17 and adjusted hazard ratio 1.15, 95% CI 0.69, 1.92) and black men (unadjusted hazard ratio 2.39, 95% CI 1.64, 3.46, and adjusted hazard ratio 1.21, 95% CI 0.76, 1.95). Conclusions Significant racial differences were seen in biomarkers reflecting lipids, adipokines, and biomarkers of endothelial function, inflammation, myocyte injury, and neurohormonal stress, which may contribute to racial differences in the development and complications of CVD. See Editorial Suzuki et al
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Affiliation(s)
- Eddie Hackler
- Department of Medicine UT Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX
| | - Jeanney Lew
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease Baylor St. Luke's Medical Center Houston TX
| | - M Odette Gore
- Department of Medicine University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus and Denver Health and Hospital Authority Denver CO
| | - Colby R Ayers
- Department of Medicine UT Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX.,Department of Clinical Sciences UT Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX
| | - Dorothee Atzler
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich Germany
| | - Amit Khera
- Department of Medicine UT Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX
| | - Anand Rohatgi
- Department of Medicine UT Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX
| | - Alana Lewis
- Department of Medicine UT Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX
| | - Ian Neeland
- Department of Medicine UT Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX
| | - Torbjorn Omland
- Department of Medicine Akershus University Hospital Lørenskog Norway.,University of Oslo Norway
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12
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Spracklen CN, Karaderi T, Yaghootkar H, Schurmann C, Fine RS, Kutalik Z, Preuss MH, Lu Y, Wittemans LBL, Adair LS, Allison M, Amin N, Auer PL, Bartz TM, Blüher M, Boehnke M, Borja JB, Bork-Jensen J, Broer L, Chasman DI, Chen YDI, Chirstofidou P, Demirkan A, van Duijn CM, Feitosa MF, Garcia ME, Graff M, Grallert H, Grarup N, Guo X, Haesser J, Hansen T, Harris TB, Highland HM, Hong J, Ikram MA, Ingelsson E, Jackson R, Jousilahti P, Kähönen M, Kizer JR, Kovacs P, Kriebel J, Laakso M, Lange LA, Lehtimäki T, Li J, Li-Gao R, Lind L, Luan J, Lyytikäinen LP, MacGregor S, Mackey DA, Mahajan A, Mangino M, Männistö S, McCarthy MI, McKnight B, Medina-Gomez C, Meigs JB, Molnos S, Mook-Kanamori D, Morris AP, de Mutsert R, Nalls MA, Nedeljkovic I, North KE, Pennell CE, Pradhan AD, Province MA, Raitakari OT, Raulerson CK, Reiner AP, Ridker PM, Ripatti S, Roberston N, Rotter JI, Salomaa V, Sandoval-Zárate AA, Sitlani CM, Spector TD, Strauch K, Stumvoll M, Taylor KD, Thuesen B, Tönjes A, Uitterlinden AG, Venturini C, Walker M, Wang CA, Wang S, Wareham NJ, Willems SM, Willems van Dijk K, Wilson JG, Wu Y, Yao J, Young KL, Langenberg C, Frayling TM, Kilpeläinen TO, Lindgren CM, Loos RJF, Mohlke KL. Exome-Derived Adiponectin-Associated Variants Implicate Obesity and Lipid Biology. Am J Hum Genet 2019; 105:15-28. [PMID: 31178129 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating levels of adiponectin, an adipocyte-secreted protein associated with cardiovascular and metabolic risk, are highly heritable. To gain insights into the biology that regulates adiponectin levels, we performed an exome array meta-analysis of 265,780 genetic variants in 67,739 individuals of European, Hispanic, African American, and East Asian ancestry. We identified 20 loci associated with adiponectin, including 11 that had been reported previously (p < 2 × 10-7). Comparison of exome array variants to regional linkage disequilibrium (LD) patterns and prior genome-wide association study (GWAS) results detected candidate variants (r2 > .60) spanning as much as 900 kb. To identify potential genes and mechanisms through which the previously unreported association signals act to affect adiponectin levels, we assessed cross-trait associations, expression quantitative trait loci in subcutaneous adipose, and biological pathways of nearby genes. Eight of the nine loci were also associated (p < 1 × 10-4) with at least one obesity or lipid trait. Candidate genes include PRKAR2A, PTH1R, and HDAC9, which have been suggested to play roles in adipocyte differentiation or bone marrow adipose tissue. Taken together, these findings provide further insights into the processes that influence circulating adiponectin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra N Spracklen
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Tugce Karaderi
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK; Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, Cyprus; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark; DTU Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Hanieh Yaghootkar
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK; Research Centre for Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - Claudia Schurmann
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Rebecca S Fine
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Endocrinology and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Zoltan Kutalik
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK; University Center for Primary Care and Public Health, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1010, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Michael H Preuss
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Yingchang Lu
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203-1738, USA; Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Laura B L Wittemans
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK; MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Linda S Adair
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA
| | - Matthew Allison
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Najaf Amin
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015CN, the Netherlands
| | - Paul L Auer
- Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA
| | - Traci M Bartz
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA; Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig 4103, Germany
| | - Michael Boehnke
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Judith B Borja
- Office of Population Studies Foundation, Inc, Cebu City, Philippines; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of San Carlos, Cebu City, Philippines
| | - Jette Bork-Jensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Linda Broer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam 3000 CA, the Netherlands
| | - Daniel I Chasman
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yii-Der Ida Chen
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Paraskevi Chirstofidou
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, Kings College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Ayse Demirkan
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015CN, the Netherlands
| | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015CN, the Netherlands
| | - Mary F Feitosa
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Melissa E Garcia
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mariaelisa Graff
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Harald Grallert
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München Research Center for Environmental Health, München-Neuherberg 85764, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg 85765, Germany
| | - Niels Grarup
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Jeffrey Haesser
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Tamara B Harris
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Heather M Highland
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jaeyoung Hong
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 2118, USA
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam 3000 CA, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam 3000 CA, the Netherlands
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA; Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden; Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Rebecca Jackson
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Pekka Jousilahti
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki 00271, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere 33522, Finland; Department of Clinical Physiology, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere 33522, Finland
| | - Jorge R Kizer
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Peter Kovacs
- Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig 4103, Germany
| | - Jennifer Kriebel
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München Research Center for Environmental Health, München-Neuherberg 85764, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg 85765, Germany
| | - Markku Laakso
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University of Hospital, Kuopio 70029 KYS, Finland
| | - Leslie A Lange
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado-Denver, Denver, CO 80045, USA
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere 33520, Finland; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere 33522, Finland
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Ruifang Li-Gao
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden
| | - Jian'an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere 33522, Finland; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere 33521, Finland
| | - Stuart MacGregor
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - David A Mackey
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Lions Eye Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Anubha Mahajan
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK; Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, Kings College London, London SE1 7EH, UK; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' Foundation Trust, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Satu Männistö
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki 00271, Finland
| | - Mark I McCarthy
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK; Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK; Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals Trust, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Barbara McKnight
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Carolina Medina-Gomez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam 3000 CA, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam 3000 CA, the Netherlands
| | - James B Meigs
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Population and Medical Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02114, USA
| | - Sophie Molnos
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München Research Center for Environmental Health, München-Neuherberg 85764, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg 85765, Germany
| | - Dennis Mook-Kanamori
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2334 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Andrew P Morris
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK; Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GL, UK
| | - Renee de Mutsert
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Mike A Nalls
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Data Tecnica International, Glen Echo, MD 20812, USA
| | - Ivana Nedeljkovic
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015CN, the Netherlands
| | - Kari E North
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Craig E Pennell
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Aruna D Pradhan
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael A Province
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Chelsea K Raulerson
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Alex P Reiner
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Paul M Ridker
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Samuli Ripatti
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Neil Roberston
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK; Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki 00271, Finland
| | | | - Colleen M Sitlani
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Tim D Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, Kings College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Konstantin Strauch
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg 85764, Germany; Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Michael Stumvoll
- Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig 4103, Germany
| | - Kent D Taylor
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Betina Thuesen
- Center for Clinical Research and Disease Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Copenhagen 2400, Denmark
| | - Anke Tönjes
- Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig 4103, Germany
| | - Andre G Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam 3000 CA, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam 3000 CA, the Netherlands
| | - Cristina Venturini
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, Kings College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Mark Walker
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Carol A Wang
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 2118, USA
| | | | - Sara M Willems
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Ko Willems van Dijk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands; Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - James G Wilson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Ying Wu
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jie Yao
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Kristin L Young
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | | | - Timothy M Frayling
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Tuomas O Kilpeläinen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark; Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Cecilia M Lindgren
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Ruth J F Loos
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Ichan School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Karen L Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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Kinsey EW, Oberle M, Dupuis R, Cannuscio CC, Hillier A. Food and financial coping strategies during the monthly Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program cycle. SSM Popul Health 2019; 7:100393. [PMID: 31016223 PMCID: PMC6468142 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2019.100393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
One in seven Americans participates in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), making it the largest federally funded food assistance program. SNAP benefits are distributed once per month and both food spending and calorie consumption tend to decrease as time from benefit distribution increases. The monthly SNAP benefit cycle has serious implications for the health and financial stability of low-income families, a growing number of whom rely on SNAP as their sole source of income. Relatively little is known about the specific coping strategies households use to manage the SNAP cycle. The purpose of this study is to provide a critical exploration of the nature and timing of coping strategies for managing the SNAP cycle, including implications these coping mechanisms have for health and financial stability. This paper presents data from a prospective cohort study of mothers (n = 12) receiving SNAP benefits in Philadelphia between 2016 and 17. Both in-depth qualitative and survey methods were used. Participants reported on a variety of coping strategies they used to manage the SNAP cycle, including adjustments to shopping and eating patterns, mental accounting, emotional resilience, and social support. Instrumental social support was particularly vital in the final days of the benefit cycle, as were skipping meals and purchasing less expensive, energy-dense foods. Constant vigilance was required throughout the month to manage financial instability. The coping strategies for managing the SNAP cycle have short-term benefits, such as buffering against hunger and financial instability, however these survival strategies may have negative long-term repercussions for physical and financial health. Coping strategies included adjusting shopping/eating, mental accounting, and social support. SNAP was divided by trip type; first trip for essential food items, later trips for fill-in items. End-of-month diet changes included skipping meals and buying cheaper, more energy-dense foods. Instrumental social support was most critical in final days of the benefit cycle. Constant vigilance was required throughout the month to manage financial instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliza Whiteman Kinsey
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Megan Oberle
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Roxanne Dupuis
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carolyn C Cannuscio
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amy Hillier
- School of Social Policy and Practice, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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14
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Murphy J, Pfeiffer RM, Lynn BCD, Caballero AI, Browne EP, Punska EC, Yang HP, Falk RT, Anderton DL, Gierach GL, Arcaro KF, Sherman ME. Pro-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors in human milk: an exploratory analysis of racial differences to inform breast cancer etiology. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2018; 172:209-219. [PMID: 30083950 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-018-4907-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Analysis of cytokines and growth factors in human milk offers a noninvasive approach for studying the microenvironment of the postpartum breast, which may better reflect tissue levels than testing blood samples. Given that Black women have a higher incidence of early-onset breast cancers than White women, we hypothesized that milk of the former contains higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, adipokines, and growth factors. METHODS Participants included 130 Black and 162 White women without a history of a breast biopsy who completed a health assessment questionnaire and donated milk for research. Concentrations of 15 analytes in milk were examined using two multiplex and 4 single-analyte electrochemiluminescent sandwich assays to measure pro-inflammatory cytokines, angiogenesis factors, and adipokines. Mixed-effects ordinal logistic regression was used to identify determinants of analyte levels and to compare results by race, with adjustment for confounders. Factor analysis was used to examine covariation among analytes. RESULTS Thirteen of 15 analytes were detected in ≥ 25% of the human milk specimens. In multivariable models, elevated BMI was significantly associated with increased concentrations of 5 cytokines: IL-1β, bFGF, FASL, EGF, and leptin (all p-trend < 0.05). Black women had significantly higher levels of leptin and IL-1β, controlling for BMI. Factor analysis of analyte levels identified two factors related to inflammation and growth factor pathways. CONCLUSION This exploratory study demonstrated the feasibility of measuring pro-inflammatory cytokines, adipokines, and angiogenesis factors in human milk, and revealed higher levels of some pro-inflammatory factors, as well as increased leptin levels, among Black as compared with White women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne Murphy
- George Washington University School of Nursing, 1919 Pennsylvania Ave NW, Suite 500, Washington, DC, 20006, USA. .,Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Ruth M Pfeiffer
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brittny C Davis Lynn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ana I Caballero
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Eva P Browne
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Punska
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Hannah P Yang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Roni T Falk
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Douglas L Anderton
- Department of Sociology, Sloan College, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Gretchen L Gierach
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kathleen F Arcaro
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Mark E Sherman
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
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15
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Hunter GR, Bryan DR, Borges JH, Diggs MD, Carter SJ. Racial Differences in Relative Skeletal Muscle Mass Loss During Diet-Induced Weight Loss in Women. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2018; 26:1255-1260. [PMID: 29957829 PMCID: PMC6107384 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is unclear whether there are race-specific differences in the maintenance of skeletal muscle during energy restriction. Changes in relative skeletal muscle index (RSMI; limb lean tissue divided by height squared) were compared following (1) diet alone, (2) diet + aerobic training, or (3) diet + resistance training. METHODS Overweight, sedentary African American (AA; n = 72) and European American (EA; n = 68) women were provided an 800-kcal/d diet to reduce BMI < 25 kg/m2 . Regional fat-free mass was measured with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Steady-state VO2 and heart rate responses during walking were measured. RESULTS AA women had greater RSMI and preserved RSMI during diet alone, while RSMI was significantly reduced among EA women (EA women -3.6% vs. AA women + 1.1%; P < 0.05). Diet + resistance training subjects retained RSMI (EA women + 0.2% vs. AA women + 1.4%; P = 50.05), whereas diet + aerobic training subjects decreased RSMI (EA women -1.4% vs. AA women -1.5%; P < 0.05). Maintenance of RSMI was related to delta walking ease and economy. CONCLUSIONS Compared with AA women, EA women are less muscular and lose more muscle during weight loss without resistance training. During diet-induced weight loss, resistance training preserves skeletal muscle, especially among premenopausal EA women. Maintenance of muscle during weight loss associates with better ease and economy of walking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary R. Hunter
- Department of Nutrition Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - David R. Bryan
- Department of Nutrition Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Juliano H. Borges
- Department of Nutrition Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham
- Growth and Development Laboratory, Center for Investigation in Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M. David Diggs
- Department of Nutrition Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Stephen J. Carter
- Department of Nutrition Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham
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Awede B, Adovoekpe D, Adehan G, MacFarlane NG, Azonbakin S, Dossou E, Amoussou‐Guenou M, Djrolo F. Adiponectin, in contrast to leptin, is not associated with body mass index, waist circumference and HOMA-IR in subjects of a west-African population. Physiol Rep 2018; 6:e13718. [PMID: 29890036 PMCID: PMC5995307 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Factors associated with plasma levels of adiponectin and leptin were studied in adult subjects without diabetes from Cotonou in Benin (West-Africa). Seventy (70) men and 45 women were included in the study. Anthropometric variables were measured and a venous blood sample was drawn from each subject, after an overnight fasting period, for measurement of plasma glucose, insulin, leptin, and adiponectin levels. HOMA-IR was determined to assess insulin resistance. Adiponectin and leptin levels were higher in women than in men (with adiponectin 18.48 ± 12.77 vs.7.8 ± 10.39 μg/mL, P < 0.0001, and leptin 30.77 ± 19.16 vs. 8.66 ± 8.24 ng/mL, P < 0.0001). Fasting insulin level and HOMA-IR were also higher in the females. Hyperleptinemia was observed in 66,96% of subjects and hypoadiponectinemia was present in 44.35% of subjects. In both men and women, leptin correlated with age (r = 0.2; P = 0.02), BMI (r = 0.572; P < 0.0001), waist circumference (r = 0.534; P < 0.0001), fasting insulin (r = 0.461; P < 0.001), and HOMA-IR (r = 0.430; P < 0.0001). No significant correlation was observed for adiponectin levels with these variables. Only in women, adiponectin was inversely correlated with fasting glucose (r = -0.423; P < 0.004). These data confirm previous descriptions of leptin but suggest that variations in factors determining serum adiponectin levels observed between ethnicities could also been seen between populations from the same ethnicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonaventure Awede
- Unité de PhysiologieFaculté des Sciences de la Santé (FSS)Université d'Abomey‐CalaviCotonouBenin
| | - Diane Adovoekpe
- Unité de PhysiologieFaculté des Sciences de la Santé (FSS)Université d'Abomey‐CalaviCotonouBenin
| | - Grace Adehan
- Unité de Biophysique et de Médecine NucléaireFaculté des Sciences de la SantéUniversité d'Abomey‐CalaviCotonouBenin
| | - Niall G. MacFarlane
- School of Life SciencesCollege of MedicalVeterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - Simon Azonbakin
- Unité de Biologie HumaineFaculté des Sciences de la SantéUniversité d'Abomey‐CalaviCotonouBenin
| | - Emmanuel Dossou
- Unité de PhysiologieFaculté des Sciences de la Santé (FSS)Université d'Abomey‐CalaviCotonouBenin
| | - Marcellin Amoussou‐Guenou
- Unité de Biophysique et de Médecine NucléaireFaculté des Sciences de la SantéUniversité d'Abomey‐CalaviCotonouBenin
| | - François Djrolo
- Unité d'Endocrinologie et de NutritionFaculté des Sciences de la SantéUniversité d'Abomey‐CalaviCotonouBenin
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Linkov F, Goughnour SL, Edwards RP, Lokshin A, Ramanathan RC, Hamad GG, McCloskey C, Bovbjerg DH. Endometrial cancer associated biomarkers in bariatric surgery candidates: exploration of racial differences. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2017; 13:862-868. [PMID: 28256392 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2017.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is the main risk factor for endometrial cancer (EC), the most common gynecologic malignancy in the United States. A number of potential risk biomarkers have been associated with EC development, including altered proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and adipokines. OBJECTIVES The overarching aim of this research is to investigate racial differences in the expression of EC-associated biomarkers among bariatric surgery candidates. SETTING Tertiary academic medical center METHODS: Blood samples were collected from 175 women aged 18 to 72 (mean age: 42.93; standard deviation 11.66), before bariatric surgery. Levels of biomarkers associated with obesity and EC risk were measured using xMAP immunoassays. Wilcoxon rank sum and Fisher's exact tests were utilized to compare biomarker and demographic variables between African American and European American women. Linear regression models, adjusted for menopause status and diabetes, were utilized to identify factors associated with biomarker levels. RESULTS When the biomarker levels were compared by race, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 1 and adiponectin were significantly lower in African American women (P<.05), whereas estradiol was significantly higher in African American women (P<.05). Linear regression models found that race significantly predicted insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1, adiponectin, resistin, and interleukin-1 receptor alpha expression levels, menopause status and diabetes status were significantly associated with adiponectin and leptin levels, whereas body mass index was significantly associated with leptin, adiponectin, interleukin-1 receptor alpha, and interleukin-6 levels. CONCLUSION As one of the first efforts to explore racial differences in EC-associated biomarkers in a cohort of women with severe obesity, this study found several significant differences that should be further explored in large-scale studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faina Linkov
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
| | - Sharon L Goughnour
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Robert P Edwards
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Anna Lokshin
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, and the Luminex Core Laboratory, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ramesh C Ramanathan
- Division of Minimally Invasive and Bariatric Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Giselle G Hamad
- Division of Minimally Invasive and Bariatric Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Carol McCloskey
- Division of Minimally Invasive and Bariatric Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Dana H Bovbjerg
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Departments of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Behavioral & Community Health Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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18
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Il'yasova D, Wong BJ, Waterstone A, Kinev A, Okosun IS. Systemic F 2-Isoprostane Levels in Predisposition to Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: Emphasis on Racial Differences. DIVERSITY AND EQUALITY IN HEALTH AND CARE 2017; 14:91-101. [PMID: 32523692 DOI: 10.21767/2049-5471.100098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on racial differences in systemic levels of lipid peroxidation markers F2-isoprostanes as metabolic characteristics predisposing to obesity and type 2 diabetes. Elevated levels F2-isoprostanes were found in obesity, type 2 diabetes and their comorbidities. It was hypothesized that increased F2-isoprostane levels reflect the obesity-induced oxidative stress that promotes the development of type 2 diabetes. However, African Americans have lower levels of systemic F2-isoprostane levels despite their predisposition to obesity and type 2 diabetes. The review summarizes new findings from epidemiological studies and a novel interpretation of metabolic determinants of systemic F2-isoprostane levels as a favorable phenotype. Multiple observations indicate that systemic F2-isoprostane levels reflect intensity of oxidative metabolism, a major endogenous source of reactive oxygen species, and specifically, the intensity of fat utilization. Evidence from multiple human studies proposes that targeting fat metabolism can be a productive race-specific strategy to address the existing racial health disparities. Urinary F2-isoprostanes may provide the basis for targeted interventions to prevent obesity and type 2 diabetes among populations of African descent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Il'yasova
- School of Public Health, Georgia State University, 140 Decatur St, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Brett J Wong
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Georgia State University, 140 Decatur St, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anna Waterstone
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | | | - Ike S Okosun
- School of Public Health, Georgia State University, 140 Decatur St, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Baldauff NH, Tfayli H, Dong W, Arena VC, Gurtunca N, Pietropaolo M, Becker DJ, Libman IM. Relationship of adiponectin and leptin with autoimmunity in children with new-onset type 1 diabetes: a pilot study. Pediatr Diabetes 2016; 17:249-56. [PMID: 25754190 PMCID: PMC5944363 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To explore racial differences in adiponectin, and leptin and their relationship with islet autoimmunity in children with new-onset type 1 diabetes (T1D). METHODS Medical records were reviewed from a cohort of new-onset clinically diagnosed T1D subjects matched by race, age, gender, and year of diagnosis. Sera were available for 156 subjects (77 African American (AA), 79 Caucasian (C), 48% male, age of 11.1 ± 3.8 yr) and assayed for adiponectin and leptin prior to (D0), 3, 5 d, and 2-4 months (M3) after insulin therapy and islet autoantibodies to GAD, IA2, insulin, and ICA were measured at onset. RESULTS Adiponectin levels increased significantly following insulin therapy by day 5 (D5) (D0: 13.7 ± 7.2 vs. D5: 21.3 ± 9.9 µg/mL, p < 0.0001), but no further significant increase from D5 to M3. At DO, AA had lower adiponectin levels (10.5 vs. 15.7 µg/mL, p = 0.01), were more often overweight than C (55 vs. 18%, BMI ≥ 85th‰) and fewer had positive autoantibodies (72 vs. 87%, p = 0.05). Racial differences in adipocytokines disappeared after adjustment for BMI. At M3, subjects with more number of positive autoantibodies had higher adiponectin levels (p = 0.043) and adiponectin/leptin ratio (ALR) (p = 0.01), and lower leptin levels (p = 0.016). CONCLUSION Adiponectin levels increased acutely with insulin therapy. Significantly lower adiponectin levels in AA were related to greater adiposity and not race. These pilot data showing those with the fewest autoantibodies had the lowest adiponectin levels, supporting the concept that insulin-resistant subjects may present with clinical T1D at earlier stages of β-cell damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Hecht Baldauff
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA USA 15224
| | - Hala Tfayli
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA USA 15224. Currently at the American University of Beirut Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine
| | - Wenxiu Dong
- Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA USA 15261
| | - Vincent C. Arena
- Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA USA, 15261
| | - Nursen Gurtunca
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA USA 15224
| | - Massimo Pietropaolo
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Dorothy J. Becker
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA USA 15224
| | - Ingrid M Libman
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA USA 15224
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Clancy KB, Baerwald AR, Pierson RA. Cycle-phase dependent associations between CRP, leptin, and reproductive hormones in an urban, Canadian sample. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2016; 160:389-96. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn B.H. Clancy
- Laboratory for Evolutionary Endocrinology, Department of Anthropology; University of Illinois; Urbana IL 61801
| | - Angela R. Baerwald
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences; University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon SK Canada S7N0W8
| | - Roger A. Pierson
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences; University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon SK Canada S7N0W8
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21
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Bouziana S, Tziomalos K, Goulas A, Ηatzitolios AΙ. The role of adipokines in ischemic stroke risk stratification. Int J Stroke 2016; 11:389-98. [DOI: 10.1177/1747493016632249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Adiponectin, leptin, and resistin are the most well-studied adipokines and play important roles in the regulation of glucose metabolism, subclinical inflammation, and cardiovascular homeostasis. Accordingly, measurement of adipokine levels might be useful in cardiovascular risk stratification. Moreover, the study of single-nucleotide polymorphisms of genes that encode these adipokines might also represent a valuable predictive tool in cardiovascular disease prevention strategies. Aims To summarize the biologic role of the adipokines adiponectin, leptin, and resistin and the prognostic value of their serum levels regarding the occurrence and outcome of ischemic stroke. We also discuss the relationship of single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the adiponectin, leptin genes, and the −420C > G polymorphism of resistin gene with stroke risk. Summary of review Several studies in the general population evaluated the association between these adipokines and stroke risk, yielding conflicting results. There are more limited data regarding the effect of these adipokines on stroke severity and outcome. A small number of studies also assessed the predictive role of single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the adiponectin, leptin, and resistin genes regarding stroke risk, but the findings were also controversial. Conclusions It is unclear whether adiponectin, leptin, and resistin levels or the single-nucleotide polymorphisms of their encoding genes are independently associated with stroke risk. However, given the role of these adipokines in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, larger prospective studies, both in the general population and in patients with a history of stroke, are needed to determine whether the measurement of serum levels of these adipokines or the evaluation of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in their encoding genes could improve stroke risk prediction. If this relationship is proven, therapeutic interventions targeting adipokine levels might represent a novel approach to reduce stroke-related mortality and disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Styliani Bouziana
- First Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Antonios Goulas
- Department of Medicine, First Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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22
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Wolf RM, Steele KE, Peterson LA, Magnuson TH, Schweitzer MA, Wong GW. Lower Circulating C1q/TNF-Related Protein-3 (CTRP3) Levels Are Associated with Obesity: A Cross-Sectional Study. PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 26222183 PMCID: PMC4519328 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose C1q/TNF-related protein-3 (CTRP3) is a novel adipokine that lowers blood glucose levels, reduces liver triglyceride synthesis, and is protective against hepatic steatosis in diet-induced obese mouse models. We hypothesized that higher circulating serum levels of CTRP3 would be associated with a lean body mass index (BMI) and a more favorable metabolic profile in humans. The aim of this study was to investigate CTRP3 levels in lean individuals compared to obese individuals. Methods This was a cross-sectional study of obese (n=44) and lean control patients (n=60). Fasting metabolic parameters were measured in all patients and serum CTRP3 levels were measured by ELISA. Results BMI of the lean group was 21.9 ± 0.2 kg/m2 and obese group was 45.2 ± 1.1 kg/m2. We found significantly lower circulating levels of CTRP3 in obese individuals (405 ± 8.3 vs. 436± 6.7ng/mL, p=0.004) compared to the lean group. Serum CTRP3 levels were inversely correlated with BMI (p=0.001), and triglycerides (p<0.001), and significantly associated with gender (p<0.01), ethnicity (p=0.05), HDL-cholesterol (p<0.01), and adiponectin (p<0.01). We found BMI (p<0.01), gender (p<0.01), and ethnicity (p<0.05) to be significant predictors of CTRP3 levels when controlling for age in multiple regression analysis. Conclusions CTRP3 is a beneficial adipokine whose circulating levels are significantly lower in obese individuals. Obesity causes dysregulation in adipokine production, including the down-regulation of CTRP3. Lower CTRP3 levels may contribute to the pathophysiology of metabolic disorders associated with obesity. Optimizing CTRP3 levels through novel therapies may improve obesity and its comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa M. Wolf
- Department of Pediatrics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, United States of America
- The Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Kimberley E. Steele
- Department of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins Center for Bariatric Surgery, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, United States of America
| | - Leigh A. Peterson
- Department of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins Center for Bariatric Surgery, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, United States of America
| | - Thomas H. Magnuson
- Department of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins Center for Bariatric Surgery, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, United States of America
| | - Michael A. Schweitzer
- Department of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins Center for Bariatric Surgery, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, United States of America
| | - G. William Wong
- Department of Physiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, United States of America
- The Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, United States of America
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23
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Obesity adversely affects serum anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) levels in Caucasian women. J Assist Reprod Genet 2015; 32:1305-11. [PMID: 26194744 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-015-0538-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies regarding the effect of obesity on serum anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) levels have been conflicting. Our aim was to determine the effect of obesity on serum AMH levels among women from different racial backgrounds. METHODS The medical records of 350 women (159 Caucasian, 99 African-American, 58 Hispanic, 34 Asian with ages 16-46) evaluated for infertility at an academic-affiliated center and who had AMH levels measured as part of their evaluation were reviewed. Age, AMH, body mass index (BMI), self-reported race, etiology of infertility, smoking history, maximum serum early follicular follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels, antral follicle count (AFC), and history of ovarian surgery, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy were recorded. RESULTS Age correlated negatively with AMH and antral follicle count across all races (p < 0.05). After adjusting for age, polycystic ovary syndrome diagnosis, and smoking, elevated BMI had a negative correlation with AMH in Caucasian women (β = 0.17, p = 0.01) but not in African-American, Hispanic, or Asian women. CONCLUSION Elevated BMI correlates negatively with AMH in Caucasian women but not in African-American, Hispanic, or Asian women. Additional studies are needed to elucidate further the effect of race on the interaction between obesity and ovarian reserve.
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Abstract
The obesity epidemic in the USA affects disproportionately women and the ethnic minorities. On the other hand, female sex is traditionally associated with a favorable fat distribution preferentially in the subcutaneous depots of the lower body and with improved endocrine and metabolic function of the adipose tissue. However, these data are derived from predominantly non-Hispanic white populations. This review discusses fat distribution patterns in women of diverse ethnic backgrounds, together with data on the release of adipokines from adipose tissue in these populations. Very little information is available on how the metabolic function of the adipocyte differs depending on ethnicity. Thus, it becomes clear that future clinical and translational research should explicitly discuss and take into account the sex and ethnic background of the populations studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalypso Karastergiou
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Nutrition, School of Medicine, Boston University, 650 Albany St. EBRC-810, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
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25
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Hasson BR, Apovian C, Istfan N. Racial/Ethnic Differences in Insulin Resistance and Beta Cell Function: Relationship to Racial Disparities in Type 2 Diabetes among African Americans versus Caucasians. Curr Obes Rep 2015; 4:241-9. [PMID: 26627219 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-015-0150-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Both biological and sociocultural factors have been implicated in the well-documented racial disparity in incidence and prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) between African Americans (AA) and non-Hispanic whites (NHW). This review examines the extent to which biological differences in glucose metabolism, specifically insulin resistance and beta cell function (BCF), contribute to this disparity. The majority of available data suggests that AA are more insulin resistant and have upregulated BCF compared to NHW. Increasing evidence implicates high insulin secretion as a cause rather than consequence of T2D; therefore, upregulated BCF in AA may specifically confer increased risk of T2D in this cohort. Racial disparities in the metabolic characteristics of T2D have direct implications for the treatment and health consequences of this disease; therefore, future research is needed to determine whether strategies to reduce insulin secretion in AA may prevent or delay T2D and lessen racial health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke R Hasson
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Boston University School of Medicine, 88 East Newton Street, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
| | - Caroline Apovian
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Boston University School of Medicine, 88 East Newton Street, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
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Abstract
Being overweight or obese, as measured with body-mass index or central adiposity (waist circumference), and the trajectory of body-mass index over the life course have been associated with brain atrophy, white matter changes, disturbances of blood-brain barrier integrity, and risk of all-cause late-onset dementia and Alzheimer's disease. This observation leads us to question what it is about body-mass index that is associated with health of the brain and dementia risk. If high body-mass index and central adiposity represent an increase in adipose tissue, then the endocrine function of adipose tissue, mediated by adipose tissue hormones and adipokines, could be a clue to mechanisms that underlie the association with dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Hundreds of adipokines have been identified, creating a complexity that is a challenge to simplify. Nonetheless, adipokines are being investigated in association with clinical dementia outcomes, and with imaging-based measures of brain volume, structure, and function in human beings and in preclinical models of clinical dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Kiliaan
- Department of Anatomy, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Ilse A C Arnoldussen
- Department of Anatomy, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Deborah R Gustafson
- Department of Neurology, State University of New York-Downstate Medical Center, New York, USA; Section for Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, Gothenburg, Sweden; UMS 011 Inserm Versailles Saint Quentin, France.
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Redondo MJ, Rodriguez LM, Haymond MW, Hampe CS, Smith EO, Balasubramanyam A, Devaraj S. Serum adiposity-induced biomarkers in obese and lean children with recently diagnosed autoimmune type 1 diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes 2014; 15:543-9. [PMID: 24978596 PMCID: PMC4423898 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Obesity increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetic complications in type 1 diabetes. Adipokines, which regulate obesity-induced inflammation, may contribute to this association. We compared serum adipokines and inflammatory cytokines in obese and lean children with new-onset autoimmune type 1 diabetes. SUBJECTS AND METHODS We prospectively studied 32 lean and 18 obese children (age range: 2-18 yr) with new-onset autoimmune type 1 diabetes and followed them for up to 2 yr. Serum adipokines [leptin, total and high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin, omentin, resistin, chemerin, visfatin], cytokines [interferon (IFN)-gamma, interleukin (IL)-10, IL-12, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha] and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured at a median of 7 wk after diagnosis (range: 3-16 wk). RESULTS Lean children were 71.9% non-Hispanic White, 21.9% Hispanic, and 6.3% African-American, compared with 27.8, 55.6, and 16.7%, respectively, for obese children (p = 0.01). Compared with lean children, obese children had significantly higher serum leptin, visfatin, chemerin, TNF-alpha and CRP, and lower total adiponectin and omentin after adjustment for race/ethnicity and Tanner stage. African-American race was independently associated with higher leptin among youth ≥10 yr (p = 0.007). Leptin levels at onset positively correlated with hemoglobin A1c after 1-2 yr (p = 0.0001) independently of body mass index, race/ethnicity, and diabetes duration. Higher TNF-alpha was associated with obesity and female gender, after adjustment for race/ethnicity (p = 0.0003). CONCLUSION Obese children with new-onset autoimmune type 1 diabetes have a proinflammatory profile of circulating adipokines and cytokines that may contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease and diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- MJ Redondo
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - LM Rodriguez
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - MW Haymond
- Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - CS Hampe
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - EO Smith
- Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - A Balasubramanyam
- Translational Metabolism Unit, Diabetes Research Center, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - S Devaraj
- Pathology and Immunology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Kim HS, Jo J, Lim JE, Yun YD, Baek SJ, Lee TY, Huh KB, Jee SH. Adiponectin as predictor for diabetes among pre-diabetic groups. Endocrine 2013; 44:411-8. [PMID: 23386056 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-013-9890-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin is found to associate with diabetes in studies apart from cohort studies. This prospective cohort study is to evaluate the predictive role of adiponectin in diabetes among participants with impaired fasting glucose (IFG). A total of 42,845 participants who visited 7 health examination centers located in Seoul and Kyunggi province, South Korea, during 2004-2008 were first included. Of the 42,845 participants, 5,085 participants had IFG. IFG was categorized as stage 1 (fasting glucose 100-109 mg/dL) or stage 2 (110-125 mg/dL). The incidence rates of diabetes were followed up to December, 2011. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) were performed by Cox proportional hazard model. Of the 5,085 participants, 652 participants developed diabetes during a mean follow-up of 4.4 years. Low adiponectin was associated with diabetes among men with stage 2 IFG (HR, 1.78; 95 %CI, 1.33-2.38) while it was associated with diabetes among women with stage 1 IFG (HR, 2.64; 95 %CI, 1.38-5.03) and stage 2 IFG (HR, 2.17; 95 %CI, 1.07-4.42). When combined men and women, the association between adiponectin and diabetes was statistically significant in stage 2 IFG with an increase of about 82 % (HR, 1.82; 95 %CI, 1.40-2.39) after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, waist circumference, and fasting serum glucose. There was an interaction by sex and stage 1 IFG in the association between adiponectin and risk of diabetes (P < 0.001). Adiponectin was independently associated with diabetes among participants with IFG. This association was apparent in stage 2 IFG. Adiponectin may be used as a predictor of diabetes in patients having IFG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyon-Suk Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Feng H, Zheng L, Feng Z, Zhao Y, Zhang N. The role of leptin in obesity and the potential for leptin replacement therapy. Endocrine 2013; 44:33-9. [PMID: 23274948 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-012-9865-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Leptin (from the Greek word "lepto'' meaning "thin") is a 167-amino acid peptide hormone encoded by the obesity (ob) gene and secreted by white adipocytes. Blood leptin concentrations are increased in obese individuals. Leptin is a satiety hormone that provides negative feedback to the hypothalamus, controlling appetite and energy expenditure. Leptin binds to presynaptic GABAergic neurons to produce its effect, raising the distinct possibility that GABAergic axon terminals are the ultimate subcellular site of action for its effects. Released into the circulation, leptin crosses the blood-brain barrier and binds to leptin receptors, influencing the activity of various hypothalamic neurons, as well as encoding orexigenic and anorexigenic neuropeptides. Moreover, leptin affects a wide range of metabolic functions in the peripheral tissue. In this review, we discuss some physiologic functions of leptin, including effects on obesity and some effects of leptin replacement therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helin Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 12 Health Road, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China.
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The relationships among total body fat, bone mineral content and bone marrow adipose tissue in early-pubertal girls. BONEKEY REPORTS 2013; 2:315. [PMID: 23951544 PMCID: PMC3722749 DOI: 10.1038/bonekey.2013.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Investigation of the physiologic relevance of bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) during growth may promote understanding of the bone-fat axis and confluence with metabolic factors. The objective of this pilot investigation was two-fold: (1) to evaluate the relationships among total body fat, bone mineral content (BMC) and femoral BMAT during childhood and underlying metabolic determinants and (2) to determine if the relationships differ by race. Participants included white and non-Hispanic black girls (n=59) ages 4–10 years. Femoral BMAT volume was measured by magnetic resonance imaging, BMC and body fat by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Metabolic parameters were assessed in the fasted state. Total fat and BMC were positively associated with BMAT; however, simultaneous inclusion of BMC and body fat in the statistical model attenuated the association between BMC and BMAT. Differences in BMAT volume were observed, non-Hispanic black girls exhibiting marginally greater BMAT at age eight (P=0.05) and white girls exhibiting greater BMAT at age ten (P<0.001). Metabolic parameters conferred differential impact by race, such that, a positive association for BMAT and leptin (P=0.02) and adiponectin (P=0.002) in white girls while BMAT and insulin were inversely related in non-Hispanic black girls (P=0.008). Our findings revealed a positive relationship between BMAT, body fat and BMC, although body fat, respective to leptin, contributed partly to the relationship between BMAT and BMC. Despite large differences in total fat between non-Hispanic black and white, the relationship between BMAT and BMC was similar to white girls. However, this relationship appeared to be impacted through different mechanisms according to race.
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