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Jiang Z, Huang L, Cai H, Bo L, Chen L, Yang X, Huang H. Circular RNA circPHF16 enhances IL-17A expression and secretion by sequestering miR-378a-3p to activate the IL6ST axis in Graves' disease. Cytokine 2024; 181:156681. [PMID: 38963941 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Interleukin-17A (IL-17A) plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of Graves' disease (GD), an autoimmune disorder affecting thyroid function, but the detailed regulatory mechanisms remain elusive. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have emerged as key regulators of IL-17A expression and secretion in autoimmune diseases, yet their specific role in GD, especially within CD4 + T lymphocytes, are not well understood. In this study, a circRNA, circPHF16 (hsa_circ_0090364) was found to be highly expressed in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells and serum of GD patients. In vitro experiments in Jurkat T cells revealed that silencing of circPHF16 suppressed IL-17A expression and secretion, while overexpression of circPHF16 had the opposite effect. Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis demonstrated a circPHF16/miR-378a-3p/IL6ST pathway, in which circPHF16 regulates IL6ST expression, which, in turn, influences IL-17A expression and secretion by interacting with miR-378a-3p. In vivo studies in a mouse model of GD showed similar trends in molecular expression levels, consistent with competitive endogenous RNA interactions. Together the results of the study identify circPHF16 as a potential target in the development of new strategies for GD diagnosis and treatment, and thus, offer a theoretical foundation for clinical therapeutic approaches in GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengrong Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Linghong Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Huiyao Cai
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Liang Bo
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Lijun Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Xinna Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Huibin Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian, China.
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2
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Almalki WH, Almujri SS. Circular RNAs and the JAK/STAT pathway: New frontiers in cancer therapeutics. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 260:155408. [PMID: 38909403 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Circular RNAs, known as circRNAs, have drawn more attention to cancer biology in the last few years. Novel functions of circRNAs in cancer therapy open promising prospects for personalized medicine. This review focuses on the molecular properties and potential of circRNAs as biomarkers or therapeutic targets in cancer treatment. Unique properties of circular RNAs associated with a circular form provide stability and resilience to RNA exonuclease degradation. Circular RNAs' most important characteristic is that they are involved in the JAK/STAT pathway associated with oncogenesis. Notably, their deregulation has been reported in multiple carcinomas due to involvement in JAK/STAT signaling cascade modulation. Increased knowledge about circRNAs' interaction with the JAK/STAT pathway leads to the emergence of new possibilities for targeted cancer therapy. In addition, since circRNAs demonstrate tissue-relatedness of expression, they may be a reliable biomarker for predicting and diagnosing cancer. With the development of new technologies for targeting circRNAs, novel therapeutics can be produced that offer more personalized cancer treatment options based on the nature of the patient. The present review explores the exciting prospects of circRNAs for transforming cancer treatment into personalized medicine. It describes the current understanding of circRNA biology, its relationship to tumorigenesis, and possible targeting methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed Hassan Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Salem Salman Almujri
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Aseer 61421, Saudi Arabia
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3
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Jun L, Wang Z, Wang S, Liao X, Qin T, Guo W. Circular RNAs as potential biomarkers for male severe sepsis. Open Life Sci 2024; 19:20220900. [PMID: 39071490 PMCID: PMC11282911 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play important roles in many human diseases. However, their role in the development of severe sepsis, a condition that remains one of the main causes of death in intensive care units, has not yet been defined. In this study, we interrogated the molecular mechanisms of circRNAs in severe sepsis. We profiled the expression levels of 5,680 circRNAs in plasma extracted from blood samples of 9 severe sepsis cases or 9 controls (male, age 78 ± 7) using the Human circRNA Array. To enrich protein-coding genes hosting severe sepsis-related circRNAs, we conducted gene ontology and pathways analyses. Out of the identified 760 differentially expressed circRNAs, 404 were upregulated while 356 were downregulated (fold change [FC] ≥2 or ≤-2, and false discovery ratio <0.05). Circ-0008285 (located in exons of CDYL), showed significant upregulation in severe sepsis with an FC of 13.7, and Bonferroni-corrected P < 0.05/5. In silico analysis identified Circ-0008285 interacting microRNAs as well as protein-coding genes. We systematically investigated the differential expression pattern of circRNAs in severe sepsis. The circRNAs we identified might serve as potential biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Jun
- Department of Intensive Care, Guangdong Geriatrics Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou510080, China
| | - Zhonghua Wang
- Department of Intensive Care, Guangdong Geriatrics Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou510080, China
| | - Shouhong Wang
- Department of Intensive Care, Guangdong Geriatrics Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou510080, China
| | - Xiaolong Liao
- Department of Intensive Care, Guangdong Geriatrics Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou510080, China
| | - Tiehe Qin
- Department of Intensive Care, Guangdong Geriatrics Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou510080, China
| | - Weixin Guo
- Department of Intensive Care, Guangdong Geriatrics Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 106 Zhongshan Road, Guangzhou510080, China
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Xu C, Xu Z, Li G, Li J, Ye L, Ning Y, Du Y. CircFgfr2 promotes osteogenic differentiation of rat dental follicle cells by targeting the miR-133a-3p/DLX3 signaling pathway. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32498. [PMID: 38912473 PMCID: PMC11193016 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Dental follicle cells (DFCs) promote bone regeneration in vivo and in vitro. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play crucial roles in bone development and regeneration. Our previous study demonstrated the upregulation of circFgfr2 expression during the osteogenic differentiation of DFCs. However, the molecular mechanisms and functional roles of circFgfr2 in DFCs osteogenesis remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the subcellular localization of circFgfr2 in DFCs using fluorescence in situ hybridization. In vitro investigations demonstrated that circFgfr2 overexpression promoted osteogenic differentiation, as evidenced by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. By integrating the outcomes of bioinformatics analyses, dual luciferase reporter experiments, and chromatin isolation by RNA purification, we identified circFgfr2 as a sponge for miR-133a-3p, a key regulator of osteogenic differentiation. Moreover, miR-133a-3p suppressed osteogenic differentiation by targeting DLX3 and RUNX2 in DFCs. We validated that circFgfr2 promoted the osteogenic differentiation of DFCs through the miR-133a-3p/DLX3 axis. To further investigate the therapeutic potential of circFgfr2 in bone regeneration, we conducted in vivo experiments and histological analyses. Overall, these results confirmed the crucial role of circFgfr2 in promoting osteogenesis. In summary, our findings demonstrated that the circFgfr2/miR-133a-3p/DLX3 pathway acts as a cascade, thereby identifying circFgfr2 as a promising molecular target for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Xu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat‐sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Reasearch Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University,Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiqing Xu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat‐sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guixian Li
- Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Jiangmen Municipal Stomatological Hospital, Jiangmen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Stomatology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Ye
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat‐sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yang Ning
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat‐sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Du
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat‐sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Wang R, Wang S, Jiang H, Lan Y, Yu S. Prospects for the clinical application of exosomal circular RNA in squamous cell carcinoma. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1430684. [PMID: 38933443 PMCID: PMC11200112 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1430684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a prevalent malignancy affecting multiple organs in the human body, including the oral cavity, esophagus, cervix, and skin. Given its significant incidence and mortality rates, researchers are actively seeking effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. In recent years, exosomes and their molecular cargo, particularly circular RNA (circRNA), have emerged as promising areas of investigation in SCC research. Exosomes are small vesicles released into the extracellular environment by cells that contain biomolecules that reflect the physiological state of the cell of origin. CircRNAs, known for their unique covalently closed loop structure and stability, have garnered special attention in oncology and are closely associated with tumorigenesis, progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. Interestingly, exosomal circRNAs have been identified as ideal biomarkers for noninvasive cancer diagnosis and prognosis assessment. This article reviews the progress in research on exosomal circRNAs, focusing on their expression patterns, functions, and potential applications as biomarkers in SCC, aiming to provide new insights and strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongzhong Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiyan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hua Jiang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yingmei Lan
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shaobin Yu
- Division of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Kidney Research Institute, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Yin KL, Sun T, Duan YX, Ye WT, Ming Li, Liao R. Nomograms incorporating hsa_circ_0029325 highly expressed in exosomes of hepatocellular carcinoma predict the postoperative outcomes. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:212. [PMID: 38836972 PMCID: PMC11153441 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-01060-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liquid biopsies, for example, exosomal circular RNA (circRNA) can be used to assess potential predictive markers for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients after curative resection. This study aimed to search for effective prognostic biomarkers for HCC in patients after surgical resection based on exosomal circRNA expression profiles. We developed two nomograms incorporating circRNAs to predict the postoperative recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) of HCC patients. METHOD Plasma exosomes isolated from HCC patients and healthy individuals were used for circRNA microarray analysis to explore differentially expressed circRNAs. Pearson correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between circRNAs and clinicopathological features. Cox regression analysis was used to explore the correlation between circRNA and postoperative survival time as well as recurrence time. A nomogram based on circRNA and clinicopathological characteristics was established and further evaluated to predict prognosis and recurrence. RESULT Among 60 significantly upregulated circRNAs and 25 downregulated circRNAs, hsa_circ_0029325 was selected to verify its power for predicting HCC outcomes. The high expression level of exosomal hsa_circ_0029325 was significantly correlated with OS (P = 0.001, HR = 2.04, 95% CI 1.41-3.32) and RFS (P = 0.009, HR = 1.62, 95% CI 1.14-2.30). Among 273 HCC patients, multivariate regression analysis showed that hsa_circ_0029325 (HR = 1.96, 95% CI 1.21-3.18), tumor size (HR = 2.11, 95% CI 1.33-3.32), clinical staging (HR = 2.31, 95% CI 1.54-3.48), and tumor thrombus (HR = 1.74, 95% CI 1.12-2.7) were independent risk factors for poor prognosis in HCC patients after radical resection. These independent predictors of prognosis were incorporated into the two nomograms. The AUCs under the 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year survival and recurrence curves of the OS and RFS nomograms were 0.755, 0.749, and 0.742 and 0.702, 0.685, and 0.642, respectively. The C-index, calibration curves, and clinical decision curves showed that the two prediction models had good predictive performance. These results were verified in the validation cohort with 90 HCC patients. CONCLUSION Our study established two reliable nomograms for predicting recurrence and prognosis in HCC patients. We also show that it is feasible to screen potential predictive markers for HCC after curative resection through exosomal circRNA expression profile analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Li Yin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Rd, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Taiwei Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Xin Duan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Rd, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Wen-Tao Ye
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Rd, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Rd, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Rui Liao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Rd, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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Shao Y, Yu X, Hu M, Yan J, Miao M, Ye G, Guo J. Acting mechanism and clinical significance of hsa_circ_0005927 in the invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer. J Cancer 2024; 15:4081-4094. [PMID: 38947400 PMCID: PMC11212095 DOI: 10.7150/jca.96749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: An increasing number of studies have demonstrated that differentially expressed circular RNAs (circRNAs) play critical roles in carcinogenesis. However, the biological function and clinical significance of hsa_circ_0005927 during gastric carcinogenesis remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the acting mechanism and clinical significance of hsa_circ_0005927 in the invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer (GC). Methods: Hsa_circ_0005927 was detected in GC tissues, plasma and gastric juice from patients with GC, and its correlations with clinicopathological parameters were investigated. Receiver operating characteristic curves, Kaplan-Meier survival curves and a prognostic nomogram model were generated to analyze the diagnostic and prognostic value. Real-time cell analyzer, plate colony formation, and Transwell migration and invasion assays were utilized to assess GC cell proliferation, migration and invasion, respectively. Nucleoplasmic separation was applied to determine the distribution of hsa_circ_0005927 in cells. TargetScan and miRanda software were used for target microRNA (miRNA) prediction. Transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were performed to annotate the functions of hsa_circ_0005927 in gastric carcinogenesis and metastasis from an RNomic perspective. Key target genes and immune cell infiltrations were analysed. Results: Hsa_circ_0005927 was found downregulated in high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (HGIEN) tissues and GC tissues. Hsa_circ_0005927 levels in GC tissues were negatively correlated not only with lymphatic metastasis and distal metastasis but also with overall survival and disease-free survival. As a screening biomarker for GC, plasma hsa_circ_0005927 levels significantly increased in the early stages of GC, with a sensitivity and specificity of 52.38% and 76.19%, respectively. Hsa_circ_0005927 was mainly distributed in the cytoplasm, and structurally, it possesses multiple miRNA response elements (MREs) that interact with five miRNAs. A total of 421 downstream target genes of hsa_circ_0005927 were identified by transcriptome sequencing; and bioinformatics analysis suggested that these genes were involved mainly in the negative regulation of the T-cell apoptotic process, the interleukin-27-mediated signaling pathway, growth factor activity, guanylate cyclase activity, transcriptional misregulation in cancer, the cGMP-PKG signaling pathway, and the GnRH signaling pathway during gastric carcinogenesis and metastasis. GUCY1A2 and STK32A are key target genes significantly associated with immune infiltration. Conclusion: Our study revealed that hsa_circ_0005927 is a new player related to the invasion and metastasis of GC and is a potential indicator for early GC screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfu Shao
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China
| | - Xuan Yu
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Meng Hu
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jianing Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China
| | - Min Miao
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China
| | - Guoliang Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China
- Institute of Digestive Disease of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China
| | - Junming Guo
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
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Zhu W, Huang Y, Yu C. The emerging role of circRNAs on skeletal muscle development in economical animals. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:2778-2792. [PMID: 36052979 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2022.2118130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
CircRNAs are a novel type of closed circular molecules formed through a covalent bond lacking a 5'cap and 3' end tail, which mainly arise from mRNA precursor. They are widely distributed in plants and animals and are characterized by stable structure, high conservativeness in cells or tissues, and showed the expression specificity at different stages of development in different tissues. CircRNAs have been gradually attracted wide attention with the development of RNA sequencing, which become a new research hotspot in the field of RNA. CircRNAs play an important role in gene expression regulation. Presently, the related circRNAs research in the regulation of animal muscle development is still at the initial stage. In this review, the formation, properties, biological functions of circRNAs were summarized. The recent research progresses of circRNAs in skeletal muscle growth and development from economic animals including livestock, poultry and fishes were introduced. Finally, we proposed a prospective for further studies of circRNAs in muscle development, and we hope our research could provide new ideas, some theoretical supports and helps for new molecular genetic markers exploitation and animal genetic breeding in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Zhu
- Animal Diseases and Public Health Engineering Research Center of Henan Province, Luoyang Polytechnic, Luoyang, China
| | - Yong Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Chuan Yu
- Animal Diseases and Public Health Engineering Research Center of Henan Province, Luoyang Polytechnic, Luoyang, China
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Wang G, Wang C, Huang Z, Sun S, Chen Y. Exosomal circ-0020887 and circ-0009590 as novel biomarkers for the diagnosis and prediction of short-term adverse cardiovascular outcomes in STEMI patients. Open Med (Wars) 2023; 18:20230807. [PMID: 37840751 PMCID: PMC10571521 DOI: 10.1515/med-2023-0807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This study attempted to identify exosomal circular RNAs (circRNAs) as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). The differentially expressed exosomal circRNAs (DEECs) were screened from microarray dataset (GSE160717 and GSE197137) and RNA-Seq dataset (GSE208194), and the expression levels of DEECs in patients with STEMI were validated using reverse transcription and quantitative real-time PCR. The diagnostic value of DEECs was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curves. The major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE)-free 1-year survival rate was evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and the factors affecting prognosis were determined using Cox regression model analysis. Results showed that four DEECs were screened including exo-circ-0001490, exo-circ-0020887, exo-circ-0009590, and exo-circ-0055440, and only upregulated exo-circ-0020887 and exo-circ-0009590 expression was validated in patients with STEMI. The exo-circ-0020887 and exo-circ-0009590 expression was positively correlated with hs-CRP, LDL-C, cTnI, and CK-MB. The exo-circ-0020887 and exo-circ-0009590 showed good diagnostic efficacy to distinguish STEMI patients from healthy controls (area under the curves: 0.85 and 0.80). STEMI patients with high levels of exo-circ-0020887 and exo-circ-0009590 had lower MACE-free 1-year survival rate, and exo-circ-0020887 and exo-circ-0009590 expression was independent risk factors for adverse prognosis. In summary, upregulation of plasma exo-circ-0020887 and exo-circ-0009590 might act as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and prediction of short-term adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with STEMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Chun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Zhengyi Huang
- Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, 518110, China
| | - Shuai Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Yanjun Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, No. 1120, Lianhua Road, Futian
District, Shenzhen, 518036, China
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10
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Kumar S, Dhar R, Kumar LBSS, Shivji GG, Jayaraj R, Devi A. Theranostic signature of tumor-derived exosomes in cancer. Med Oncol 2023; 40:321. [PMID: 37798480 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02176-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is the most challenging global health crisis. In the recent times, studies on extracellular vesicles (EVs) are adding a new chapter to cancer research and reports on EVs explores cancer in a new dimension. Exosomes are a group of subpopulations of EVs. It originates from the endosomes and carries biologically active molecules to the neighboring cells which in turn transforms the recipient cell activity. In general, it plays a role in cellular communication. The correlation between exosomes and cancer is fascinating. Tumor-derived exosomes (TEXs) play a dynamic role in cancer progression and are associated with uncontrolled cell growth, angiogenesis, immune suppression, and metastasis. Its molecular cargo is an excellent source of cancer biomarkers. Several advanced molecular profiling approaches assist in exploring the TEXs in depth. This paves the way for a strong foundation for identifying and detecting more specific and efficient biomarkers. TEXs are also gaining importance in scientific society for its role in cancer therapy and several clinical trials based on TEXs is a proof of its significance. In this review, we have highlighted the role of TEXs in mediating immune cell reprogramming, cancer development, metastasis, EMT, organ-specific metastasis, and its clinical significance in cancer theranostics. TEXs profiling is an effective method to understand the complications associated with cancer leading to good health and well-being of the individual and society as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samruti Kumar
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu District, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Rajib Dhar
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu District, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Lokesh Babu Sirkali Suresh Kumar
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu District, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Gauresh Gurudas Shivji
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu District, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Rama Jayaraj
- Jindal Institute of Behavioral Sciences (JIBS), Jindal Global Institution of Eminence Deemed to Be University, 28, Sonipat, 131001, India
- Director of Clinical Sciences, Northern Territory Institute of Research and Training, Darwin, NT, 0909, Australia
| | - Arikketh Devi
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu District, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India.
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11
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Chen M, Zhang L. Circ_0001806 relieves LPS-induced HK2 cell injury by regulating the expression of miR-942-5p and TXNIP. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2023; 55:301-312. [PMID: 37541979 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-023-09978-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory disease that can cause a variety of diseases, including septic acute kidney injury (AKI). Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are believed to be involved in the development of this disease. This study aims to clarify the function of circ_0001806 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced HK2 cell model and its related mechanisms. Circ_0001806 was up-regulated in septic AKI serum specimens and LPS-induced HK2 cells. Circ_0001806 knockdown promoted cell proliferation and restrained apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress in LPS-induced HK2 cells. In mechanism, circ_0001806 can be used as a sponge for miR-942-5p, and miR-942-5p can directly target TXNIP. Functional experiments revealed that the miR-942-5p inhibitor could reverse the alleviating effect of circ_0001806 knockdown on LPS-induced HK2 cell injury, and TXNIP addition can also reverse the inhibitory effect of miR-942-5p overexpression on LPS-induced HK2 cell injury. In addition, circ_0001806 regulated TXNIP expression through sponging miR-942-5p. Besides, exosome-derived circ_0001806 was upregulated in LPS-induced HK2 cells, while was downregulated by GW4869. The results showed that circ_0001806 knockdown could reduce LPS-induced HK2 cell injury by regulating TXNIP expression via targeting miR-942-5p, indicating that circ_0001806 might be an important biomarker for alleviating sepsis-related AKI. This might provide therapeutic strategy for the treatment of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjin Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Lishui Second People's Hospital, No. 69, North Ring Road, Liandu District, Lishui City, 323000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lefeng Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Lishui Second People's Hospital, No. 69, North Ring Road, Liandu District, Lishui City, 323000, Zhejiang Province, China.
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12
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Yuan H, Liu F, Long J, Duan G, Yang H. A review on circular RNAs and bacterial infections. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125391. [PMID: 37321437 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial infections and related diseases have been a major burden on social public health and economic stability around the world. However, the effective diagnostic methods and therapeutic approaches to treat bacterial infections are still limited. As a group of non-coding RNA, circular RNAs (circRNAs) that were expressed specifically in host cells and played a key regulatory role have the potential to be of diagnostic and therapeutic value. In this review, we systematically summarize the role of circRNAs in common bacterial infections and their potential roles as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Yuan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jinzhao Long
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Guangcai Duan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Haiyan Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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13
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Si Q, Wu L, Pang D, Jiang P. Exosomes in brain diseases: Pathogenesis and therapeutic targets. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e287. [PMID: 37313330 PMCID: PMC10258444 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles with diameters of about 100 nm that are naturally secreted by cells into body fluids. They are derived from endosomes and are wrapped in lipid membranes. Exosomes are involved in intracellular metabolism and intercellular communication. They contain nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and metabolites from the cell microenvironment and cytoplasm. The contents of exosomes can reflect their cells' origin and allow the observation of tissue changes and cell states under disease conditions. Naturally derived exosomes have specific biomolecules that act as the "fingerprint" of the parent cells, and the contents changed under pathological conditions can be used as biomarkers for disease diagnosis. Exosomes have low immunogenicity, are small in size, and can cross the blood-brain barrier. These characteristics make exosomes unique as engineering carriers. They can incorporate therapeutic drugs and achieve targeted drug delivery. Exosomes as carriers for targeted disease therapy are still in their infancy, but exosome engineering provides a new perspective for cell-free disease therapy. This review discussed exosomes and their relationship with the occurrence and treatment of some neuropsychiatric diseases. In addition, future applications of exosomes in the diagnosis and treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders were evaluated in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingying Si
- Department of EndocrinologyTengzhou Central People's HospitalTengzhouChina
| | - Linlin Wu
- Department of OncologyTengzhou Central People's HospitalTengzhouChina
| | - Deshui Pang
- Department of EndocrinologyTengzhou Central People's HospitalTengzhouChina
| | - Pei Jiang
- Translational Pharmaceutical LaboratoryJining First People's HospitalShandong First Medical UniversityJiningChina
- Institute of Translational PharmacyJining Medical Research AcademyJiningChina
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14
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Zhang C, Huang Y, Gao X, Ren H, Gao S, Zhu W. Biological functions of circRNAs and their advance on skeletal muscle development in bovine. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:133. [PMID: 37096117 PMCID: PMC10121973 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03558-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of skeletal muscle in animals is a complex biological process, which are strictly and precisely regulated by many genes and non-coding RNAs. Circular RNA (circRNA) was found as a novel class of functional non-coding RNA with ring structure in recent years, which appears in the process of transcription and is formed by covalent binding of single-stranded RNA molecules. With the development of sequencing and bioinformatics analysis technology, the functions and regulation mechanisms of circRNAs have attracted great attention due to its high stability characteristics. The role of circRNAs in skeletal muscle development have been gradually revealed, where circRNAs were involved in various biological processes, such as proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of skeletal muscle cells. In this review, we summarized the current studies advance of circRNAs involved in skeletal muscle development in bovine, and hope to gain a deeper understanding of the functional roles of the circRNAs in muscle growth. Our results will provide some theoretical supports and great helps for the genetic breeding of this species, and aiming at improving bovine growth and development and preventing muscle diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023 China
| | - Yong Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023 China
| | - Xiaochan Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023 China
| | - Hongtao Ren
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023 China
| | - Shiyang Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023 China
| | - Wenwen Zhu
- Animal Diseases and Public Health Engineering Research Center of Henan Province, Luoyang Polytechnic, Luoyang, 471023 China
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15
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Farahmand Y, Tehrany PM, Nazari A, Nava ZH, Alsaffar MF, Yazdani O, Adili A, Esbati R, Ghafouri K. A comprehensive survey into the role of exosomes in pancreatic cancer; from the origin of cancer to the progress and possibility of diagnosis and treatment. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 245:154465. [PMID: 37119731 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the fourth most common malignant tumor in the world, which has a high mortality rate due to high invasiveness, early metastases, lack of specific symptoms, and high invasiveness. Recent studies have shown that exosomes can be essential sources of biomarkers in pancreatic cancer. Over the past ten years, exosomes have been implicated in multiple trials to prevent the growth and metastasis of many cancers, including pancreatic cancer. Exosomes also play essential roles in immune evasion, invasion, metastasis, proliferation, apoptosis, drug resistance, and cancer stemness. Exosomes help cells communicate by carrying proteins and genetic material, such as non-coding RNAs, including mRNAs and microRNAs. This review examines the biological significance of exosomes in pancreatic cancer and their functions in tumor invasion, metastasis, treatment resistance, proliferation, stemness, and immune evasion. We also emphasize recent advances in our understanding of the main functions of exosomes in diagnosing and treating pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalda Farahmand
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pooya M Tehrany
- Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia, Bani, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Nazari
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Marwa Fadhil Alsaffar
- Medical Laboratories Techniques Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, 51001 Hillah, Babil, Iraq
| | - Omid Yazdani
- Department of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Adili
- Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Romina Esbati
- Department of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Kimia Ghafouri
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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16
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Hu B, Huang M, Tao L, Li Y, Kuang Y, Liu G, Zhao S. Mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomal miR-653-5p suppresses laryngeal papilloma progression by inhibiting BZW2. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2023; 78:100129. [PMID: 36473368 PMCID: PMC9723928 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinsp.2022.100129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although miR-653-5p has been validated to participate in the progression of multiple types of cancer, the functional role of exosomal miR-653-5p derived from Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) in Laryngeal Papilloma (LP) has still remained elusive. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the role of MSCs-derived exosomal miR-653-5p in LP. METHODS LP tissues (n = 15) and adjacent normal tissues (n = 10) were collected to examine the expression level of miR-653-5p. The expression level of miR-653-5p in LP cells and normal cells was also detected. Then, miR-653-5p was overexpressed or silenced to explore its effects on the proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of LP cells. Thereafter, the effects of exosomal miR-653-5p derived from MSCs on LP cell progression and the potential regulatory mechanism of miR-653-5p were assessed. RESULTS It was revealed that the expression level of miR-653-5p was downregulated in LP tissues and cells. In addition, miR-653-5p suppressed the proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of LP cells. Exosomes derived from MSCs played a suppressive role in LP development and mediated the transmission of miR-653-5p to LP cells. Further exploration identified Basic leucine Zipper and W2 domains 2 (BZW2) as the target of miR-653-5p. More importantly, the rescue experiments revealed that MSCs-secreted exosomal miR-653-5p efficiently inhibited the aggressive phenotypes of LP cells, which could be significantly reversed by BZW2 overexpression in LP cells. CONCLUSION MSCs-derived exosomal miR-653-5p exerted inhibitory effects on LP progression through targeting BZW2, which provided a novel idea for the therapy of LP. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER chictr-ior-17011021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binya Hu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hunan Children's Hospital, China.
| | - Min Huang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hunan Children's Hospital, China
| | - Lihua Tao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hunan Children's Hospital, China
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hunan Children's Hospital, China
| | - Yuting Kuang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hunan Children's Hospital, China
| | - Guangliang Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hunan Children's Hospital, China
| | - Sijun Zhao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hunan Children's Hospital, China.
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17
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Zhang XP, Pei JP, Zhang CD, Yusupu M, Han MH, Dai DQ. Exosomal circRNAs: A key factor of tumor angiogenesis and therapeutic intervention. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113921. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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18
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Shen X, Kong S, Ma S, Shen L, zheng M, Qin S, Qi J, Wang Q, Cui X, Ju S. Hsa_circ_0000437 promotes pathogenesis of gastric cancer and lymph node metastasis. Oncogene 2022; 41:4724-4735. [DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02449-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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19
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Hu X, Qin H, Yan Y, Wu W, Gong S, Wang L, Jiang R, Zhao Q, Sun Y, Wang Q, Wang S, Zhao H, Liu J, Yuan P. Exosomal circular RNAs: Biogenesis, effect, and application in cardiovascular diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:948256. [PMID: 36016651 PMCID: PMC9395648 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.948256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As natural nanoparticles, exosomes regulate a wide range of biological processes via modulation of its components, including circular RNAs (circRNAs). CircRNAs are a novel class of closed-loop single-stranded RNAs with a wide distribution, and play diverse biological roles. Due to its stability in exosomes, exosomal circRNAs serve as biomarkers, pathogenic regulators and exert therapeutic potentials in some cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, acute coronary syndrome, ischemia/reperfusion injury, heart failure, and peripheral artery disease. In this review, we detailed the current knowledge on the biogenesis and functions of exosomes, circRNAs, and exosomal circRNAs, as well as their involvement in these cardiovascular diseases, providing novel insights into the diagnosis and treatment of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Hu
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongran Qin
- Department of Nuclear Radiation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Yan
- Heart Center and Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, National Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhui Wu
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sugang Gong
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Jiang
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinhua Zhao
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Sun
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Bismuth Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Shang Wang
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Bismuth Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinming Liu
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jinming Liu, ; Ping Yuan,
| | - Ping Yuan
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jinming Liu, ; Ping Yuan,
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20
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Gangadaran P, Rajendran RL, Kwack MH, Jeyaraman M, Hong CM, Sung YK, Ahn BC. Application of Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles and Engineered Nanovesicles for Hair Growth: From Mechanisms to Therapeutics. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:963278. [PMID: 35912106 PMCID: PMC9329781 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.963278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hair loss is one of the most common disorders that affect both male and female patients. Cell-derived nanovesicles (CDVs) are natural extracellular vesicles and engineered nanovesicles that can carry various biologicals materials such as proteins, lipids, mRNA, miRNA, and DNA. These vesicles can communicate with local or distant cells and are capable of delivering endogenous materials and exogenous drugs for regenerative therapies. Recent studies revealed that CDVs can serve as new treatment strategies for hair growth. Herein, we review current knowledge on the role of CDVs in applications to hair growth. The in-depth understanding of the mechanisms by which CDVs enable therapeutic effects for hair growth may accelerate successful clinical translation of these vesicles for treating hair loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Gangadaran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea.,BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Ramya Lakshmi Rajendran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Mi Hee Kwack
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Madhan Jeyaraman
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, Sri Lalithambigai Medical College and Hospital, Dr MGR Educational and Research Institute, Chennai, India.,Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Noida, India.,Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Lucknow, India
| | - Chae Moon Hong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Young Kwan Sung
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Byeong-Cheol Ahn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea.,BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
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21
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Zokaei E, Darbeheshti F, Rezaei N. Prospect of exosomal circular RNAs in breast Cancer: presents and future. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:6997-7011. [PMID: 35534582 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07472-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Implementing precision oncology for breast cancer (BC) is a critical method for improving patient outcomes, which relies on the use of reliable biomarkers to be effective and safe. exosomes represent a potential alternative for the diagnosis and therapy of BC, As a "liquid biopsy" and a novel source for biomarkers. Exosomes are nanoscale phospholipid bilayer vesicles released by most cells that contain a large payload of various RNA species that can alter recipient cell activity. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) were recently revealed as a looping subclass of competing endogenous noncoding RNAs (ceRNAs) capable of microRNA sponging to regulate gene expression. They provide critical regulatory functions in carcinogenesis, proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and treatment resistance, as well as cancer prognostic. However, there is still a major gap in our understanding of the role of circRNA in the advancement of BC. CircRNAs are abundant in exosomes, according to various studies, and exosomal circRNAs (exo-circRNAs) play a significant role in cancer biology. Exo-circRNAs can be picked up by nearby or distant cells, affecting many features of the target cells' pathophysiological states, thus boosting cell communication and tumor spread. In this review, we have briefly summarized the major properties and functions of exosomes. Then, we have focused on exo-circRNAs, discussing their potential roles in both driving and inhibiting BC, as well as for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Zokaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Darbeheshti
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Medical Genetics Network (MeGeNe), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dr. Qarib St, Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
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22
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Non-Coding RNA Networks as Potential Novel Biomarker and Therapeutic Target for Sepsis and Sepsis-Related Multi-Organ Failure. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12061355. [PMID: 35741168 PMCID: PMC9222180 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12061355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
According to “Sepsis-3” consensus, sepsis is a life-threatening clinical syndrome caused by a dysregulated inflammatory host response to infection. A rapid identification of sepsis is mandatory, as the extent of the organ damage triggered by both the pathogen itself and the host’s immune response could abruptly evolve to multiple organ failure and ultimately lead to the death of the patient. The most commonly used therapeutic strategy is to provide hemodynamic and global support to the patient and to rapidly initiate broad-spectrum empiric antibiotic therapy. To date, there is no gold standard diagnostic test that can ascertain the diagnosis of sepsis. Therefore, once sepsis is suspected, the presence of organ dysfunction can be assessed using the Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, although the diagnosis continues to depend primarily on clinical judgment. Clinicians can now rely on several serum biomarkers for the diagnosis of sepsis (e.g., procalcitonin), and promising new biomarkers have been evaluated, e.g., presepsin and adrenomedullin, although their clinical relevance in the hospital setting is still under discussion. Non-codingRNA, including long non-codingRNAs (lncRNAs), circularRNAs (circRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs), take part in a complex chain of events playing a pivotal role in several important regulatory processes in humans. In this narrative review we summarize and then analyze the function of circRNAs-miRNA-mRNA networks as putative novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for sepsis, focusing only on data collected in clinical settings in humans.
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23
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Wang R, Liu H, Dong M, Huang D, Yi J. Exosomal hsa_circ_0000519 modulates the NSCLC cell growth and metastasis via miR-1258/RHOV axis. Open Med (Wars) 2022; 17:826-840. [PMID: 35582196 PMCID: PMC9055259 DOI: 10.1515/med-2022-0428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to explore the function and mechanism of exosomal circ_0000519 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) development. Expression of circ_0000519, microRNA (miR)-1258, and Ras homolog gene family V (RHOV) in serum samples of NSCLC patients or cell lines were examined via quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. The function of circ_0000519 was evaluated through 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) staining, colony formation, transwell, Western blotting, xenograft, and immunohistochemistry analyses. The binding relationship was evaluated by a dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA pull-down assay. Results showed that circ_0000519 abundance was enhanced in the serum samples of NSCLC patients and cells. circ_0000519 knockdown suppressed the cell growth by decreasing the colony-formation ability and Cyclin D1 expression and inhibited cell metastasis via reducing migration, invasion, and levels of Vimentin and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9). circ_0000519 overexpression promoted cell growth and metastasis. circ_0000519 was carried by exosomes and knockdown of exosomal circ_0000519 suppressed the cell growth and metastasis. miR-1258 was downregulated in NSCLC cells and targeted by circ_0000519. RHOV was targeted by miR-1258 and upregulated in the NSCLC cells. miR-1258 knockdown or RHOV overexpression attenuated the influence of exosomal circ_0000519 knockdown on cell growth and metastasis. Exosomal circ_0000519 knockdown decreased xenograft tumor growth. Collectively, the knockdown of exosomal circ_0000519 repressed the cell growth and metastasis in NSCLC through the miR-1258/RHOV axis, which provided a new insight into NSCLC development and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Department of Oncology, Jingmen No. 1 People's Hospital, Jingmen, Hubei, China
| | - Hongliu Liu
- Department of Oncology, Jingmen No. 1 People's Hospital, Jingmen, Hubei, China
| | - Mingqiang Dong
- Department of Oncology, Jingmen No. 1 People's Hospital, Jingmen, Hubei, China
| | - Dan Huang
- Department of Health Care for Cadres, Jingmen No. 1 People's Hospital, Jingmen, Hubei, China
| | - Jun Yi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jingmen No. 1 People's Hospital, Jingmen, Hubei, China
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Chew BC, Liew FF, Tan HW, Chung I. Chemical Advances in Therapeutic Application of Exosomes and Liposomes. Curr Med Chem 2022; 29:4445-4473. [PMID: 35189798 DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220221094044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes and liposomes are vesicular nanoparticles that can encapsulate functional cargo. The chemical similarities between naturally occurring exosomes and synthetic liposomes have accelerated the development of exosome mimetics as a therapeutic drug delivery platform under physiological and pathological environments. To maximise the applications of exosomes and liposomes in the clinical setting, it is essential to look into their basic chemical properties and utilise these characteristics to optimise the preparation, loading, modification and hybridisation. This review summarises the chemical and biological properties of both exosomal and liposomal systems as well as some of the challenges related to their production and application. This article concludes with a discussion on potential perspectives for the integration of exosomal and liposomal technologies in mapping better approaches for their biomedical use, especially in therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boon Cheng Chew
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Jalan Universiti, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Fong Fong Liew
- Department of Oral Biology and Biomedical Science, Faculty of Dentistry, MAHSA University, Jalan SP2, Bandar Saujana Putra, 42610 Jenjarom, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hsiao Wei Tan
- Institute of Research Management and Services, Research and Innovation Management Complex, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ivy Chung
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Jalan Universiti, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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25
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Li P, Xu Z, Liu T, Liu Q, Zhou H, Meng S, Feng Z, Tang Y, Liu C, Feng J, Fu H, Liu Q, Wu M. Circular RNA Sequencing Reveals Serum Exosome Circular RNA Panel for High-Grade Astrocytoma Diagnosis. Clin Chem 2021; 68:332-343. [PMID: 34942001 DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvab254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although major advances have been made in the histopathological diagnosis of high-grade astrocytoma (HGA), methods for effective and noninvasive diagnosis remain largely unknown. Exosomes can cross the blood-brain barrier and are readily accessible in human biofluids, making them promising biomarkers for HGA. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have potential as tumor biomarkers owing to their stability, conservation, and tissue specificity. However, the landscape and characteristics of exosome circRNAs in HGA remain to be studied. METHODS CircRNA deep sequencing and bioinformatics approaches were used to generate a circRNA profiling database and analyze the features of HGA cell circRNAs and HGA cell-derived exosome circRNAs. Exosome circRNA expression in the serum and tissues of healthy individuals and patients with HGA was detected using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Additionally, the receiver operating characteristic curve and overall survival curves were analyzed. RESULTS By investigating the characteristics of HGA cell-derived exosome circRNAs and HGA cell circRNAs, we observed that exosomes were more likely to enrich short-exon and suppressor circRNAs than HGA cells. Moreover, a serum exosome circRNA panel including hsa_circ_0075828, hsa_circ_0003828, and hsa_circ_0002976 could be used to screen for HGA, whereas a good prognosis panel comprised high concentrations of hsa_circ_0005019, hsa_circ_0000880, hsa_circ_0051680, and hsa_circ_0006365. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed a comprehensive circRNA landscape in HGA exosomes and cells. The serum exosome circexosome circRNA panel and tissue circRNAs are potentially useful for HGA liquid biopsy and prognosis monitoring. Exosome circRNAs as novel targets should facilitate further biomarker discovery and aid in HGA diagnosis and therapy monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyao Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, China, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Zihao Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, China, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Tao Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, China, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Qing Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Hecheng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, China, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Shujuan Meng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, China, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Ziyang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, China, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Ying Tang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, China, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Changhong Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, China, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,Institute of Medical Sciences, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandon 250033, China
| | - Jianbo Feng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, China, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Haijuan Fu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, China, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Minghua Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, China, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
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26
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Molibeli KM, Hu R, Liu Y, Xiong D, Tang L. Potential Clinical Applications of Exosomal Circular RNAs: More than Diagnosis. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:769832. [PMID: 34901159 PMCID: PMC8652074 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.769832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are small vesicles derived from cells used as cell-to-cell communication goods in numerous diseases including tumorigenesis, neurological diseases, cardiovascular diseases and other diseases. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are an innovative constituent of non-coding endogenous RNAs generated through backsplicing, catalyzed by RNA polymerase Ⅱ. These non-coding RNAs have been suggested to control gene expression through miRNA sponging, RNA-binding protein regulation and translational capabilities. Genome-wide RNA sequence analyses observed that circRNAs were stably improved in exosomes in association to parental cells. Little attention has been dedicated to exosomal circRNAs (exo-circRNAs). However, research has demonstrated that exo-circRNAs may have important regulatory functions because of their stability in cells and within exosomes. If well understood, the precise roles and mechanisms of exo-circRNAs might surge the impending clinical applications of these molecules as markers in the identification, prediction and treatment of various diseases. In this review, we outline recent findings regarding exo-circRNAs which includes their functions and highlights their potential applications and therapeutic targets in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kearabetsoe Matseliso Molibeli
- School of Life Science, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Rong Hu
- School of Life Science, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuze Liu
- School of Life Science, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dehui Xiong
- School of Life Science, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lijun Tang
- School of Life Science, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
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27
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CircRNA_0079586 and circRNA_RanGAP1 are involved in the pathogenesis of intracranial aneurysms rupture by regulating the expression of MPO. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19800. [PMID: 34611229 PMCID: PMC8492745 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99062-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Several circRNAs have been reported to be dysregulated in human endothelial cells through sponging miRNAs. Previous reports demonstrated that MPO not only contributed to the formation and rupture of cerebral aneurysm but was also correlated with the degenerative remodeling predisposition to saccular intracranial aneurysm wall rupture, although its underlying mechanisms remain to be explored. Microarray screening was performed to compare the differential expression of circRNAs in the endothelial cells collected from UIAs and RIAs patients. Luciferase assays were used to explore the regulatory relationship between circRNAs and miRNAs, and between miRNAs and their target genes. Microarray screening analysis found a batch of up-regulated circRNAs in the endothelial cells harvested from RIAs patients, including circRNA-0079586 and circRNA-RanGAP1. Luciferase assays revealed the suppressive role of miR-183-5p/miR-877-3p in the expression of circRNA-0079586/circRNA-RanGAP1/MPO. And the expression of circRNA-0079586 and circRNA-RanGAP1 was respectively suppressed by the overexpression of miR-183-5p and miR-877-3p. And both the transfection of miR-183-5p and miR-877-3p mimics suppressed the relative expression level of MPO mRNA. The expression of circRNA-0079586, circRNA-RanGAP1 and MPO was significantly activated in the endothelial cells collected from RIAs patients when compared with UIAs patients, whereas the expression of miR-183-5p and miR-877-3p was remarkably suppressed in the endothelial cells collected from RIAs patients when compared with UIAs patients. We further altered the expression of circRNA-0079586 and circRNA-RanGAP1 using siRNA and overexpression in HUVECS, and the expression of circRNA-0079586 and circRNA-RanGAP1 was significantly and negatively correlated with the expression of miR-183-5p and miR-877-3p, but positively correlated with the expression of MPO under different conditions. In this study, we established two MPO-modulating signaling pathways of circRNA_0079586/miR-183-5p/MPO and circRNA_RanGAP1/miR-877-3p/MPO. These two signaling pathways are involved in the pathogenesis of intracranial aneurysms rupture.
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28
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Zhao Z, Zhao G, Yang S, Zhu S, Zhang S, Li P. The significance of exosomal RNAs in the development, diagnosis, and treatment of pancreatic cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:364. [PMID: 34243775 PMCID: PMC8268510 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02059-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are single-membrane, secreted organelles with a diameter of 30–200 nm, containing diverse bioactive constituents, including DNAs, RNAs, proteins, and lipids, with prominent molecular heterogeneity. Extensive studies indicate that exosomal RNAs (e.g., microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs) can interact with many types of cancers, associated with several hallmark features like tumor growth, metastasis, and resistance to therapy. Pancreatic cancer (PaCa) is among the most lethal cancers worldwide, emerging as the seventh foremost cause of cancer-related death in both sexes. Hence, revealing the specific pathogenesis and improving the clinical diagnosis and treatment process are urgently required. As the study of exosomes has become an active area of research, the functional connections between exosomes and PaCa have been deeply investigated. Among these, exosomal RNAs seem to play a significant role in the development, diagnosis, and treatment of PaCa. Exosomal RNAs delivery ultimately modulates the various features of PaCa, and many scholars have interpreted how exosomal RNAs contribute to the proliferation, angiogenesis, migration, invasion, metastasis, immune escape, and drug resistance in PaCa. Besides, recent studies emphasize that exosomal RNAs may serve as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers or therapeutic targets for PaCa. In this review, we will introduce these recent insights focusing on the discoveries of the relationship between exosomal RNAs and PaCa, and the potentially diagnostic and therapeutic applications of exosomes in PaCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong'an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Guiping Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong'an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Shuyue Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong'an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Shengtao Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong'an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Shutian Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong'an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong'an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China.
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29
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Jiao K, Walsh LJ, Ivanovski S, Han P. The Emerging Regulatory Role of Circular RNAs in Periodontal Tissues and Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094636. [PMID: 33924932 PMCID: PMC8124626 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic complex inflammatory disease associated with a destructive host immune response to microbial dysbiosis, leading to irreversible loss of tooth-supporting tissues. Regeneration of functional periodontal soft (periodontal ligament and gingiva) and hard tissue components (cementum and alveolar bone) to replace lost tissues is the ultimate goal of periodontal treatment, but clinically predictable treatments are lacking. Similarly, the identification of biomarkers that can be used to accurately diagnose periodontitis activity is lacking. A relatively novel category of molecules found in oral tissue, circular RNAs (circRNAs) are single-stranded endogenous, long, non-coding RNA molecules, with covalently circular-closed structures without a 5' cap and a 3' tail via non-classic backsplicing. Emerging research indicates that circRNAs are tissue and disease-specific expressed and have crucial regulatory functions in various diseases. CircRNAs can function as microRNA or RNA binding sites or can regulate mRNA. In this review, we explore the biogenesis and function of circRNAs in the context of the emerging role of circRNAs in periodontitis pathogenesis and the differentiation of periodontal cells. CircMAP3K11, circCDK8, circCDR1as, circ_0062491, and circ_0095812 are associated with pathological periodontitis tissues. Furthermore, circRNAs are expressed in periodontal cells in a cell-specific manner. They can function as microRNA sponges and can form circRNA-miRNA-mRNA networks during osteogenic differentiation for periodontal-tissue (or dental pulp)-derived progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Jiao
- Epigenetics Nanodiagnostic and Therapeutic Group, Center for Oral-Facial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia;
| | - Laurence J. Walsh
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia;
| | - Sašo Ivanovski
- Epigenetics Nanodiagnostic and Therapeutic Group, Center for Oral-Facial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia;
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia;
- Correspondence: (S.I.); (P.H.)
| | - Pingping Han
- Epigenetics Nanodiagnostic and Therapeutic Group, Center for Oral-Facial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia;
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia;
- Correspondence: (S.I.); (P.H.)
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30
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Signorini C, Leoncini S, Durand T, Galano JM, Guy A, Bultel-Poncé V, Oger C, Lee JCY, Ciccoli L, Hayek J, De Felice C. Circulating 4-F 4t-Neuroprostane and 10-F 4t-Neuroprostane Are Related to MECP2 Gene Mutation and Natural History in Rett Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084240. [PMID: 33921863 PMCID: PMC8073126 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroprostanes, a family of non-enzymatic metabolites of the docosahexaenoic acid, have been suggested as potential biomarkers for neurological diseases. Objective biological markers are strongly needed in Rett syndrome (RTT), which is a progressive X-linked neurodevelopmental disorder that is mainly caused by mutations in the methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MECP2) gene with a predominant multisystemic phenotype. The aim of the study is to assess a possible association between MECP2 mutations or RTT disease progression and plasma levels of 4(RS)-4-F4t-neuroprostane (4-F4t-NeuroP) and 10(RS)-10-F4t-neuroprostane (10-F4t-NeuroP) in typical RTT patients with proven MECP2 gene mutation. Clinical severity and disease progression were assessed using the Rett clinical severity scale (RCSS) in n = 77 RTT patients. The 4-F4t-NeuroP and 10-F4t-NeuroP molecules were totally synthesized and used to identify the contents of the plasma of the patients. Neuroprostane levels were related to MECP2 mutation category (i.e., early truncating, gene deletion, late truncating, and missense), specific hotspot mutations (i.e., R106W, R133C, R168X, R255X, R270X, R294X, R306C, and T158M), and disease stage (II through IV). Circulating 4-F4t-NeuroP and 10-F4t-NeuroP were significantly related to (i) the type of MECP2 mutations where higher levels were associated to gene deletions (p ≤ 0.001); (ii) severity of common hotspot MECP2 mutation (large deletions, R168X, R255X, and R270X); (iii) disease stage, where higher concentrations were observed at stage II (p ≤ 0.002); and (iv) deficiency in walking (p ≤ 0.0003). This study indicates the biological significance of 4-F4t-NeuroP and 10-F4t-NeuroP as promising molecules to mark the disease progression and potentially gauge genotype-phenotype associations in RTT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Signorini
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
- Correspondence: (C.S.); (C.D.F.); Tel.: +39-0577-234499 (C.S.)
| | - Silvia Leoncini
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, 53100 Siena, Italy;
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Thierry Durand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, (IBMM), UMR 5247, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, CEDEX 5, 34093 Montpellier, France; (T.D.); (J.-M.G.); (A.G.); (V.B.-P.); (C.O.)
| | - Jean-Marie Galano
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, (IBMM), UMR 5247, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, CEDEX 5, 34093 Montpellier, France; (T.D.); (J.-M.G.); (A.G.); (V.B.-P.); (C.O.)
| | - Alexandre Guy
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, (IBMM), UMR 5247, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, CEDEX 5, 34093 Montpellier, France; (T.D.); (J.-M.G.); (A.G.); (V.B.-P.); (C.O.)
| | - Valérie Bultel-Poncé
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, (IBMM), UMR 5247, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, CEDEX 5, 34093 Montpellier, France; (T.D.); (J.-M.G.); (A.G.); (V.B.-P.); (C.O.)
| | - Camille Oger
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, (IBMM), UMR 5247, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, CEDEX 5, 34093 Montpellier, France; (T.D.); (J.-M.G.); (A.G.); (V.B.-P.); (C.O.)
| | | | - Lucia Ciccoli
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Joussef Hayek
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, 53100 Siena, Italy;
- Pediatric Speciality Center “L’Isola di Bau”, 50052 Certaldo, Florence, Italy
| | - Claudio De Felice
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, 53100 Siena, Italy;
- Correspondence: (C.S.); (C.D.F.); Tel.: +39-0577-234499 (C.S.)
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