1
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Contento G, Wilson JAA, Selvarajah B, Platé M, Guillotin D, Morales V, Trevisani M, Pitozzi V, Bianchi K, Chambers RC. Pyruvate metabolism dictates fibroblast sensitivity to GLS1 inhibition during fibrogenesis. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e178453. [PMID: 39315548 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.178453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a chronic disease characterized by excessive extracellular matrix production, which leads to disruption of organ function. Fibroblasts are key effector cells of this process, responding chiefly to the pleiotropic cytokine transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), which promotes fibroblast to myofibroblast differentiation. We found that extracellular nutrient availability profoundly influenced the TGF-β1 transcriptome of primary human lung fibroblasts and that biosynthesis of amino acids emerged as a top enriched TGF-β1 transcriptional module. We subsequently uncovered a key role for pyruvate in influencing glutaminase (GLS1) inhibition during TGF-β1-induced fibrogenesis. In pyruvate-replete conditions, GLS1 inhibition was ineffective in blocking TGF-β1-induced fibrogenesis, as pyruvate can be used as the substrate for glutamate and alanine production via glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase 2 (GPT2), respectively. We further show that dual targeting of either GPT2 or GDH in combination with GLS1 inhibition was required to fully block TGF-β1-induced collagen synthesis. These findings embolden a therapeutic strategy aimed at additional targeting of mitochondrial pyruvate metabolism in the presence of a glutaminolysis inhibitor to interfere with the pathological deposition of collagen in the setting of pulmonary fibrosis and potentially other fibrotic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg Contento
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jo-Anne Am Wilson
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Brintha Selvarajah
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Manuela Platé
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Delphine Guillotin
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Valle Morales
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Vanessa Pitozzi
- Corporate Pre-Clinical R&D, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., Parma, Italy
| | - Katiuscia Bianchi
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel C Chambers
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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2
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Charron PN, Tahir I, Foley C, White G, Floreani RA. Whey Protein Isolate Composites as Potential Scaffolds for Cultivated Meat. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:2153-2163. [PMID: 38502811 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Modern food technology has given rise to numerous alternative protein sources in response to a growing human population and the negative environmental impacts of current food systems. To aid in achieving global food security, one such form of alternative protein being investigated is cultivated meat, which applies the principles of mechanical and tissue engineering to produce animal proteins and meat products from animal cells. Herein, nonmodified and methacrylated whey protein formed hydrogels with methacrylated alginate as potential tissue engineering scaffolds for cultivated meat. Whey protein is a byproduct of dairy processing and was selected because it is an approved food additive and cytocompatible and has shown efficacy in other biomaterial applications. Whey protein and alginate scaffolds were formed via visible light cross-linking in aqueous solutions under ambient conditions. The characteristics of the precursor solution and the physical-mechanical properties of the scaffolds were quantified; while gelation occurred within the homo- and copolymer hydrogels, the integrity of the network was significantly altered with varying components. Qualitatively, the scaffolds exhibited a three-dimensional (3D) interconnected porous network. Whey protein isolate (WPI)-based scaffolds were noncytotoxic and supported in vitro myoblast adhesion and proliferation. The data presented support the hypothesis that the composition of the hydrogel plays a significant role in the scaffold's performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick N Charron
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, United States
| | - Irfan Tahir
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, United States
| | - Christopher Foley
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, United States
| | - Gabriella White
- Department of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, United States
| | - Rachael A Floreani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, United States
- Department of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, United States
- Materials Science Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, United States
- Food Systems Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, United States
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3
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Wang Q, Luo T, Xu X, Han Q, Xu X, Zhang X, Liu X, Shi Q. Chitosan-based composites reinforced with antibacterial flexible wood membrane for rapid hemostasis. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 215:450-464. [PMID: 35750100 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Irregular hemorrhagic traumas always threaten the health of patients due to uncontrollable bleeding and wound infections. The traditional hemostatic materials show dissatisfactory hemostatic efficiency and antibacterial activity in solving these potential bleeding dangers. Herein, we proposed a kind of composites based on flexible wood membrane (FWM) loaded with chitosan/alginate derivative for accelerating rapid hemostasis and preventing infection. FWM was removed part of hemicellulose and lignin by using NaOH/Na2SO3 mixture to obtain excellent flexibility while retaining the original porous structure, followed by loading silver nanoparticles on the FWM surface to prepare AgNPs-FWM as an antibacterial bio-carrier. Then, AgNPs-FWM was coated with polyoxyethylene stearate-modified chitosan and multi-aldehyde sodium alginate to fabricate the composites of chitosan/alginate/AgNPs-FWM (CSA/AgNPs-FWM) using in-situ Schiff base reaction. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that the CSA/AgNPs-FWM composites exhibited lower BCI value (2.6 ± 1.3 %), more rapid hemostasis (26 s) and lower blood loss (67.8 mg) than that of the traditional materials. The possible mechanism for the hemostasis process was not only the high blood absorption capacity, but also the synergistic interaction between hydrophobic alkane chains, amino groups, aldehydes, hydroxyl groups and blood cells. Moreover, CSA/AgNPs-FWM showed exceptional superiorities in mechanical properties and antibacterial activity, which endowed composites high potential in hemostasis application for irregular external wound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingwu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials & Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Tianyu Luo
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials & Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials & Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, PR China..
| | - Qiaoyi Han
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China
| | - Xin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials & Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Xingxia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials & Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Xia Liu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China.
| | - Qiang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China.
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4
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Charron PN, Garcia LM, Tahir I, Floreani RA. Bio-inspired green light crosslinked alginate-heparin hydrogels support HUVEC tube formation. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2022; 125:104932. [PMID: 34736027 PMCID: PMC8665038 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Alginate is a polysaccharide which forms hydrogels via ionic and/or covalent crosslinking. The goal was to develop a material with suitable, physiologically relevant mechanical properties and biological impact for use in wound treatment. To determine if the novel material can initiate tube formation on its own, without the dependance on the addition of growth factors, heparin and/or arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid (RGD) was covalently conjugated onto the alginate backbone. Herein, cell adhesion motifs and bioactive functional groups were incorporated covalently within alginate hydrogels to study the: 1) impact of crosslinked heparin on tubular network formation, 2) impact of RGD conjugation, and the 3) biological effect of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) loading on cellular response. We investigated the structure-properties-function relationship and determined the viscoelastic and burst properties of the hydrogels most applicable for use as a healing cell and tissue adhesive material. Methacrylation of alginate and heparin hydroxyl groups respectively enabled free-radical covalent inter- and intra-molecular photo-crosslinking when exposed to visible green light in the presence of photo-initiators; the shear moduli indicate mechanical properties comparable to clinical standards. RGD was conjugated via carbodiimide chemistry at the alginate carboxyl groups. The adhesive and mechanical properties of alginate and alginate-heparin hydrogels were determined via burst pressure testing and rheology. Higher burst pressure and material failure at rupture imply physical tissue adhesion, advantageous for a tissue sealant healing material. After hydrogel formation, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were seeded onto the alginate-based hydrogels; cytotoxicity, total protein content, and tubular network formation were assessed. Burst pressure results indicate that the cell responsive hydrogels adhere to collagen substrates and exhibit increased strength under high pressures. Furthermore, the results show that the green light crosslinked alginate-heparin maintained cell adhesion and promoted tubular formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luis M Garcia
- Department of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Irfan Tahir
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Rachael A Floreani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Burlington, VT, USA; Department of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, Burlington, VT, USA; Materials Science Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
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5
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Mahfouzi SH, Safiabadi Tali SH, Amoabediny G. Decellularized human-sized pulmonary scaffolds for lung tissue engineering: a comprehensive review. Regen Med 2021; 16:757-774. [PMID: 34431331 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2020-0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The ultimate goal of lung bioengineering is to produce transplantable lungs for human beings. Therefore, large-scale studies are of high importance. In this paper, we review the investigations on decellularization and recellularization of human-sized lung scaffolds. First, studies that introduce new ways to enhance the decellularization of large-scale lungs are reviewed, followed by the investigations on the xenogeneic sources of lung scaffolds. Then, decellularization and recellularization of diseased lung scaffolds are discussed to assess their usefulness for tissue engineering applications. Next, the use of stem cells in recellularizing acellular lung scaffolds is reviewed, followed by the case studies on the transplantation of bioengineered lungs. Finally, the remaining challenges are discussed, and future directions are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Hossein Mahfouzi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Research Center for New Technologies in Life Science Engineering, University of Tehran, No. 4, Orouji all., 16 Azar St., 11155-4563, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Hamid Safiabadi Tali
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Research Center for New Technologies in Life Science Engineering, University of Tehran, No. 4, Orouji all., 16 Azar St., 11155-4563, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghassem Amoabediny
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Research Center for New Technologies in Life Science Engineering, University of Tehran, No. 4, Orouji all., 16 Azar St., 11155-4563, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Biotechnology & Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, No. 4, Orouji all., 16 Azar St., 11155-4563, Tehran, Iran
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6
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Manigandan A, Amruthavarshini R P, Sethuraman S, Subramanian A. Self-Standing Photo-Crosslinked Hydrogel Construct: in vitro Microphysiological Vascular Model. Cells Tissues Organs 2021; 211:335-347. [PMID: 34058730 DOI: 10.1159/000514986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Modeling of the human vascular microphysiological system (MPS) has gained attention due to precise prediction of drug response and toxicity during drug screening process. Developing a physiologically equivalent vascular MPS still remains complex as it demands the recapitulation of dynamic structural and biological microenvironment similar to native vasculature. Hence, an ideal MPS would involve developing perfusable 3D in vitro models with multilayered human vascular cells encapsulated in a matrix to regulate the vascular tone resembling the native. Several attempts to model such anatomically accurate physiological and pathological blood vessels often fail to harmonize the essential vascular microenvironment. For instance, conventional microfluidic-based approaches employed for vascular MPS, though offering creation of perfusable channel, do not replicate the vascular hierarchical cellular arrangement due to planar geometry and confluent monolayered cell seeding. Also, recent advances with 3D biofabrication strategies are still limited by fabrication of small-diameter constructs and scalability besides post-processing techniques that indirectly distort the structural integrity of the hydrogel tubular constructs. These existing limitations toward fabricating a relevant vascular MPS demand a facile and mechanically stable construct. Hence, the present study is aimed toward developing a stable viable self-standing perfusable hydrogel construct by a rapid and scalable strategy toward vascular MPS application. The fabricated tubular constructs were found to be structurally stable with end-to-end perfusability exhibiting their potential as self-standing perfusable structures. Also, the construct exhibited nonhemolytic behavior with perfusion of red blood cells inside the luminal channel. The present study evidences creation of a dual-crosslinked stable, viable self-standing hydrogel construct with multilayered homogenous distribution of viable smooth muscle cells throughout the construct, thereby demonstrating its applicability as a promising 3D in vitro vascular microphysiological system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrutha Manigandan
- Tissue Engineering & Additive Manufacturing Lab, Center for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials, SASTRA Deemed-to-be University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Preethy Amruthavarshini R
- Tissue Engineering & Additive Manufacturing Lab, Center for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials, SASTRA Deemed-to-be University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Swaminathan Sethuraman
- Tissue Engineering & Additive Manufacturing Lab, Center for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials, SASTRA Deemed-to-be University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anuradha Subramanian
- Tissue Engineering & Additive Manufacturing Lab, Center for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials, SASTRA Deemed-to-be University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
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7
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De Santis MM, Alsafadi HN, Tas S, Bölükbas DA, Prithiviraj S, Da Silva IAN, Mittendorfer M, Ota C, Stegmayr J, Daoud F, Königshoff M, Swärd K, Wood JA, Tassieri M, Bourgine PE, Lindstedt S, Mohlin S, Wagner DE. Extracellular-Matrix-Reinforced Bioinks for 3D Bioprinting Human Tissue. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2005476. [PMID: 33300242 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202005476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in 3D bioprinting allow for generating intricate structures with dimensions relevant for human tissue, but suitable bioinks for producing translationally relevant tissue with complex geometries remain unidentified. Here, a tissue-specific hybrid bioink is described, composed of a natural polymer, alginate, reinforced with extracellular matrix derived from decellularized tissue (rECM). rECM has rheological and gelation properties beneficial for 3D bioprinting while retaining biologically inductive properties supporting tissue maturation ex vivo and in vivo. These bioinks are shear thinning, resist cell sedimentation, improve viability of multiple cell types, and enhance mechanical stability in hydrogels derived from them. 3D printed constructs generated from rECM bioinks suppress the foreign body response, are pro-angiogenic and support recipient-derived de novo blood vessel formation across the entire graft thickness in a murine model of transplant immunosuppression. Their proof-of-principle for generating human tissue is demonstrated by 3D bioprinting human airways composed of regionally specified primary human airway epithelial progenitor and smooth muscle cells. Airway lumens remained patent with viable cells for one month in vitro with evidence of differentiation into mature epithelial cell types found in native human airways. rECM bioinks are a promising new approach for generating functional human tissue using 3D bioprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina M De Santis
- Lung Bioengineering and Regeneration, Dept of Experimental Medical Sciences, Stem Cell Centre, Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, 22362, Sweden
- Research Unit Lung Repair and Regeneration, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, University Hospital Grosshadern, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, 81377, Germany
| | - Hani N Alsafadi
- Lung Bioengineering and Regeneration, Dept of Experimental Medical Sciences, Stem Cell Centre, Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, 22362, Sweden
| | - Sinem Tas
- Lung Bioengineering and Regeneration, Dept of Experimental Medical Sciences, Stem Cell Centre, Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, 22362, Sweden
| | - Deniz A Bölükbas
- Lung Bioengineering and Regeneration, Dept of Experimental Medical Sciences, Stem Cell Centre, Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, 22362, Sweden
| | - Sujeethkumar Prithiviraj
- Laboratory for Cell, Tissue and Organ Engineering, Dept of Clinical Sciences Lund, Stem Cell Centre, Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, 22362, Sweden
| | - Iran A N Da Silva
- Lung Bioengineering and Regeneration, Dept of Experimental Medical Sciences, Stem Cell Centre, Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, 22362, Sweden
| | - Margareta Mittendorfer
- Lung Bioengineering and Regeneration, Dept of Experimental Medical Sciences, Stem Cell Centre, Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, 22362, Sweden
| | - Chiharu Ota
- Research Unit Lung Repair and Regeneration, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, University Hospital Grosshadern, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, 81377, Germany
| | - John Stegmayr
- Lung Bioengineering and Regeneration, Dept of Experimental Medical Sciences, Stem Cell Centre, Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, 22362, Sweden
| | - Fatima Daoud
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, 22362, Sweden
| | - Melanie Königshoff
- Research Unit Lung Repair and Regeneration, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, University Hospital Grosshadern, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, 81377, Germany
| | - Karl Swärd
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, 22362, Sweden
| | - Jeffery A Wood
- Soft Matter, Fluidics and Interfaces, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Enschede, 7522, The Netherlands
| | - Manlio Tassieri
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8LT, United Kingdom
| | - Paul E Bourgine
- Laboratory for Cell, Tissue and Organ Engineering, Dept of Clinical Sciences Lund, Stem Cell Centre, Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, 22362, Sweden
| | - Sandra Lindstedt
- Dept of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart and Lung Transplantation, Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University Hospital, Lund, 22242, Sweden
| | - Sofie Mohlin
- Division of Pediatrics, Clinical Sciences, Translational Cancer Research, Lund University Cancer Center at Medicon Village, Lund, 22363, Sweden
| | - Darcy E Wagner
- Lung Bioengineering and Regeneration, Dept of Experimental Medical Sciences, Stem Cell Centre, Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, 22362, Sweden
- Research Unit Lung Repair and Regeneration, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, University Hospital Grosshadern, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, 81377, Germany
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8
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Ren J, Yin X, Chen Y, Chen Y, Su H, Wang K, Zhang L, Zhu J, Zhang C. Alginate hydrogel-coated syringe needles for rapid haemostasis of vessel and viscera puncture. Biomaterials 2020; 249:120019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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9
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Jalalvandi E, Charron P, Floreani RA. Physico-mechanical Characterization of Liquid versus Solid Applications of Visible Light Cross-Linked Tissue Sealants. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:1204-1212. [PMID: 35021369 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.8b00785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The limitations of commercially available tissue sealants have resulted in the need for a new tissue adhesives with adequate adhesion, improved mechanical properties, and innocuous degradation products. To address current limitations, a visible light cross-linking method for the preparation of hydrogel tissue sealants, based on natural polymers (chitosan or alginate), is presented. Water-soluble chitosan was generated via modification with vinyl groups. To form hydrogels, alginate and chitosan were cross-linked by green light illumination, with or without the use of a bifunctional cross-linker. Evaluation of the mechanical properties through rheological characterization demonstrated an increased viscosity of polymer blends, and differences in shear moduli despite similar gelation points upon photo-cross-linking. A comparative study on the burst pressure properties of liquid versus solid material applications was performed to determine if the tissue sealants can perform under physiological lung pressures and beyond using different application methods. Higher burst pressure values were obtained for the sealants applied as a liquid compared to the solid application. The hydrogel tissue sealants revealed no cytotoxic effects toward primary human mesenchymal stem cells. This is the first report of a direct comparison between hydrogel tissue sealants of the same formulation applied in liquid versus solid form.
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10
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Etter JN, Oldinski RA. Synthesis of a tri-network alginate hydrogel for use as an injectable cell carrier. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2018. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/aaeb6f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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11
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Etter JN, Karasinski M, Ware J, Floreani RA. Dual-crosslinked homogeneous alginate microspheres for mesenchymal stem cell encapsulation. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2018; 29:143. [PMID: 30151747 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-018-6151-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A smart hydrogel material was used in combination with custom microfluidic devices (MFDs) to create microspheres for human mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) encapsulation. Methods for fabricating homogeneous stimuli-responsive microspheres for MSC encapsulation and cell delivery have gained interest to increase viability and manipulate microencapsulation within microspheres 10-1000 µm in diameter. Herein, MFDs were combined with non-toxic smart hydrogel materials to tune both the size and mechanics of the microspheres. Traditional hydrogels have a single input/stimulus for crosslinking, utilize potentially toxic ultraviolet radiation, and fail to mimic surrounding musculoskeletal tissue mechanics. Thus, it is highly beneficial to encapsulate MSCs inside a mechanically-stable microsphere made from naturally-derived materials. The objectives of this research were to optimize microsphere fabrication techniques using custom microfluidic devices (MFDs), and to encapsulate viable MSCs within visible-light crosslinked smart-alginate microspheres, with tunable mechanical properties. Microsphere production was characterized optically, and MSC viability, post-encapsulation, was verified using a standard florescence assay. Cell viability was maintained in chemically-modified alginate homogenous microspheres post encapsulation, and after subsequent crosslinking via green light exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer N Etter
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Michael Karasinski
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Jesse Ware
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Rachael A Floreani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
- Department of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
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12
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De Santis MM, Bölükbas DA, Lindstedt S, Wagner DE. How to build a lung: latest advances and emerging themes in lung bioengineering. Eur Respir J 2018; 52:13993003.01355-2016. [PMID: 29903859 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01355-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronic respiratory diseases remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The only option at end-stage disease is lung transplantation, but there are not enough donor lungs to meet clinical demand. Alternative options to increase tissue availability for lung transplantation are urgently required to close the gap on this unmet clinical need. A growing number of tissue engineering approaches are exploring the potential to generate lung tissue ex vivo for transplantation. Both biologically derived and manufactured scaffolds seeded with cells and grown ex vivo have been explored in pre-clinical studies, with the eventual goal of generating functional pulmonary tissue for transplantation. Recently, there have been significant efforts to scale-up cell culture methods to generate adequate cell numbers for human-scale bioengineering approaches. Concomitantly, there have been exciting efforts in designing bioreactors that allow for appropriate cell seeding and development of functional lung tissue over time. This review aims to present the current state-of-the-art progress for each of these areas and to discuss promising new ideas within the field of lung bioengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina M De Santis
- Lung Bioengineering and Regeneration, Dept of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Lung Repair and Regeneration (LRR), Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany.,Stem Cell Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Deniz A Bölükbas
- Lung Bioengineering and Regeneration, Dept of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Stem Cell Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sandra Lindstedt
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Dept of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart and Lung Transplantation, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Darcy E Wagner
- Lung Bioengineering and Regeneration, Dept of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden .,Lung Repair and Regeneration (LRR), Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany.,Stem Cell Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Wrenn SM, Griswold ED, Uhl FE, Uriarte JJ, Park HE, Coffey AL, Dearborn JS, Ahlers BA, Deng B, Lam YW, Huston DR, Lee PC, Wagner DE, Weiss DJ. Avian lungs: A novel scaffold for lung bioengineering. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198956. [PMID: 29949597 PMCID: PMC6021073 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic lung transplant is limited both by the shortage of available donor lungs and by the lack of suitable long-term lung assist devices to bridge patients to lung transplantation. Avian lungs have different structure and mechanics resulting in more efficient gas exchange than mammalian lungs. Decellularized avian lungs, recellularized with human lung cells, could therefore provide a powerful novel gas exchange unit for potential use in pulmonary therapeutics. To initially assess this in both small and large avian lung models, chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) and emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) lungs were decellularized using modifications of a detergent-based protocol, previously utilized with mammalian lungs. Light and electron microscopy, vascular and airway resistance, quantitation and gel analyses of residual DNA, and immunohistochemical and mass spectrometric analyses of remaining extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins demonstrated maintenance of lung structure, minimal residual DNA, and retention of major ECM proteins in the decellularized scaffolds. Seeding with human bronchial epithelial cells, human pulmonary vascular endothelial cells, human mesenchymal stromal cells, and human lung fibroblasts demonstrated initial cell attachment on decellularized avian lungs and growth over a 7-day period. These initial studies demonstrate that decellularized avian lungs may be a feasible approach for generating functional lung tissue for clinical therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M. Wrenn
- Department of Surgery, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States of America
| | - Ethan D. Griswold
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States of America
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Franziska E. Uhl
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States of America
| | - Juan J. Uriarte
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States of America
| | - Heon E. Park
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States of America
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States of America
| | - Amy L. Coffey
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States of America
| | - Jacob S. Dearborn
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States of America
| | - Bethany A. Ahlers
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States of America
| | - Bin Deng
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States of America
| | - Ying-Wai Lam
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States of America
| | - Dryver R. Huston
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States of America
| | - Patrick C. Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States of America
| | - Darcy E. Wagner
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lung Bioengineering and Regeneration, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Daniel J. Weiss
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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14
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Gilpin SE, Wagner DE. Acellular human lung scaffolds to model lung disease and tissue regeneration. Eur Respir Rev 2018; 27:27/148/180021. [PMID: 29875137 PMCID: PMC9488127 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0021-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in whole lung bioengineering have opened new doors for studying lung repair and regeneration ex vivo using acellular human derived lung tissue scaffolds. Methods to decellularise whole human lungs, lobes or resected segments from normal and diseased human lungs have been developed using both perfusion and immersion based techniques. Immersion based techniques allow laboratories without access to intact lobes the ability to generate acellular human lung scaffolds. Acellular human lung scaffolds can be further processed into small segments, thin slices or extracellular matrix extracts, to study cell behaviour such as viability, proliferation, migration and differentiation. Recent studies have offered important proof of concept of generating sufficient primary endothelial and lung epithelial cells to recellularise whole lobes that can be maintained for several days ex vivo in a bioreactor to study regeneration. In parallel, acellular human lung scaffolds have been increasingly used for studying cell–extracellular environment interactions. These studies have helped provide new insights into the role of the matrix and the extracellular environment in chronic human lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Acellular human lung scaffolds are a versatile new tool for studying human lung repair and regeneration ex vivo. Acellular human lung scaffolds can be used as diverse tools to study lung disease and tissue regeneration ex vivohttp://ow.ly/ZS0l30k9MEH
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Gilpin
- Laboratory for Organ Engineering and Regeneration, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Darcy E Wagner
- Lund University, Dept of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lung Bioengineering and Regeneration, Lund, Sweden .,Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Stem Cell Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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An Official American Thoracic Society Workshop Report 2015. Stem Cells and Cell Therapies in Lung Biology and Diseases. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2018; 13:S259-78. [PMID: 27509163 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.201606-466st] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The University of Vermont College of Medicine, in collaboration with the NHLBI, Alpha-1 Foundation, American Thoracic Society, Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, European Respiratory Society, International Society for Cellular Therapy, and the Pulmonary Fibrosis Foundation, convened a workshop, "Stem Cells and Cell Therapies in Lung Biology and Lung Diseases," held July 27 to 30, 2015, at the University of Vermont. The conference objectives were to review the current understanding of the role of stem and progenitor cells in lung repair after injury and to review the current status of cell therapy and ex vivo bioengineering approaches for lung diseases. These are all rapidly expanding areas of study that both provide further insight into and challenge traditional views of mechanisms of lung repair after injury and pathogenesis of several lung diseases. The goals of the conference were to summarize the current state of the field, discuss and debate current controversies, and identify future research directions and opportunities for both basic and translational research in cell-based therapies for lung diseases. This 10th anniversary conference was a follow up to five previous biennial conferences held at the University of Vermont in 2005, 2007, 2009, 2011, and 2013. Each of those conferences, also sponsored by the National Institutes of Health, American Thoracic Society, and respiratory disease foundations, has been important in helping guide research and funding priorities. The major conference recommendations are summarized at the end of the report and highlight both the significant progress and major challenges in these rapidly progressing fields.
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16
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Zscheppang K, Berg J, Hedtrich S, Verheyen L, Wagner DE, Suttorp N, Hippenstiel S, Hocke AC. Human Pulmonary 3D Models For Translational Research. Biotechnol J 2018; 13:1700341. [PMID: 28865134 PMCID: PMC7161817 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201700341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lung diseases belong to the major causes of death worldwide. Recent innovative methodological developments now allow more and more for the use of primary human tissue and cells to model such diseases. In this regard, the review covers bronchial air-liquid interface cultures, precision cut lung slices as well as ex vivo cultures of explanted peripheral lung tissue and de-/re-cellularization models. Diseases such as asthma or infections are discussed and an outlook on further areas for development is given. Overall, the progress in ex vivo modeling by using primary human material could make translational research activities more efficient by simultaneously fostering the mechanistic understanding of human lung diseases while reducing animal usage in biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Zscheppang
- Dept. of Internal Medicine/Infectious and Respiratory DiseasesCharité − Universitätsmedizin BerlinCharitèplatz 1Berlin 10117Germany
| | - Johanna Berg
- Department of BiotechnologyTechnical University of BerlinGustav‐Meyer‐Allee 25Berlin 13335Germany
| | - Sarah Hedtrich
- Institute for PharmacyPharmacology and ToxicologyFreie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Leonie Verheyen
- Institute for PharmacyPharmacology and ToxicologyFreie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Darcy E. Wagner
- Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Lung Repair and Regeneration Unit, Comprehensive Pneumology CenterMember of the German Center for Lung ResearchMunichGermany
| | - Norbert Suttorp
- Dept. of Internal Medicine/Infectious and Respiratory DiseasesCharité − Universitätsmedizin BerlinCharitèplatz 1Berlin 10117Germany
| | - Stefan Hippenstiel
- Dept. of Internal Medicine/Infectious and Respiratory DiseasesCharité − Universitätsmedizin BerlinCharitèplatz 1Berlin 10117Germany
| | - Andreas C. Hocke
- Dept. of Internal Medicine/Infectious and Respiratory DiseasesCharité − Universitätsmedizin BerlinCharitèplatz 1Berlin 10117Germany
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17
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Fenn SL, Charron PN, Oldinski RA. Anticancer Therapeutic Alginate-Based Tissue Sealants for Lung Repair. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:23409-23419. [PMID: 28648052 PMCID: PMC5546308 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b04932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Injury to the connective tissue that lines the lung, the pleura, or the lung itself can occur from many causes including trauma or surgery, as well as lung diseases or cancers. To address current limitations for patching lung injuries, to stop air or fluid leaks, an adherent hydrogel sealant patch system was developed, based on methacrylated alginate (AMA) and AMA dialdehyde (AMA-DA) blends, which is capable of sealing damaged tissues and sustaining physiological pressures. Methacrylation of alginate hydroxyl groups rendered the polysaccharide capable of photo-cross-linking when mixed with an eosin Y-based photoinitiator system and exposed to visible green light. Oxidation of alginate yields functional aldehyde groups capable of imine bond formation with proteins found in many tissues. The alginate-based patch system was rigorously tested on a custom burst pressure testing device. Blending of nonoxidized material with oxidized (aldehyde modified) alginates yielded patches with improved burst pressure performance and decreased delamination as compared with pure AMA. Human mesothelial cell (MeT-5A) viability and cytotoxicity were retained when cultured with the hydrogel patches. The release and bioactivity of doxorubicin-encapsulated submicrospheres enabled the fabrication of drug-eluting adhesive patches and were effective in decreasing human lung cancer cell (A549) viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer L. Fenn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155
- Bioengineering Program, College of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, and Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405
| | - Patrick N. Charron
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405
| | - Rachael A. Oldinski
- Bioengineering Program, College of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, and Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405
- Department of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405
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18
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Nonaka PN, Uriarte JJ, Campillo N, Oliveira VR, Navajas D, Farré R. Lung bioengineering: physical stimuli and stem/progenitor cell biology interplay towards biofabricating a functional organ. Respir Res 2016; 17:161. [PMID: 27894293 PMCID: PMC5126992 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-016-0477-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A current approach to obtain bioengineered lungs as a future alternative for transplantation is based on seeding stem cells on decellularized lung scaffolds. A fundamental question to be solved in this approach is how to drive stem cell differentiation onto the different lung cell phenotypes. Whereas the use of soluble factors as agents to modulate the fate of stem cells was established from an early stage of the research with this type of cells, it took longer to recognize that the physical microenvironment locally sensed by stem cells (e.g. substrate stiffness, 3D architecture, cyclic stretch, shear stress, air-liquid interface, oxygenation gradient) also contributes to their differentiation. The potential role played by physical stimuli would be particularly relevant in lung bioengineering since cells within the organ are physiologically subjected to two main stimuli required to facilitate efficient gas exchange: air ventilation and blood perfusion across the organ. The present review focuses on describing how the cell mechanical microenvironment can modulate stem cell differentiation and how these stimuli could be incorporated into lung bioreactors for optimizing organ bioengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula N Nonaka
- Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan J Uriarte
- Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Noelia Campillo
- Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vinicius R Oliveira
- Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Navajas
- Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain.,Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Farré
- Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036, Barcelona, Spain. .,CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain. .,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain.
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19
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Fenn SL, Miao T, Scherrer RM, Oldinski RA. Dual-Cross-Linked Methacrylated Alginate Sub-Microspheres for Intracellular Chemotherapeutic Delivery. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:17775-17783. [PMID: 27378419 PMCID: PMC4956546 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b03245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular delivery vehicles comprised of methacrylated alginate (Alg-MA) were developed for the internalization and release of doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX). Alg-MA was synthesized via an anhydrous reaction, and a mixture of Alg-MA and DOX was formed into sub-microspheres using a water/oil emulsion. Covalently cross-linked sub-microspheres were formed via exposure to green light, in order to investigate effects of cross-linking on drug release and cell internalization, compared to traditional techniques, such as ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation. Cross-linking was performed using light exposure alone or in combination with ionic cross-linking using calcium chloride (CaCl2). Alg-MA sub-microsphere diameters were between 88 and 617 nm, and ζ-potentials were between -20 and -37 mV. Using human lung epithelial carcinoma cells (A549) as a model, cellular internalization was confirmed using flow cytometry; different sub-microsphere formulations varied the efficiency of internalization, with UV-cross-linked sub-microspheres achieving the highest internalization percentages. While blank (nonloaded) Alg-MA submicrospheres were noncytotoxic to A549 cells, DOX-loaded sub-microspheres significantly reduced mitochondrial activity after 5 days of culture. Photo-cross-linked Alg-MA sub-microspheres may be a potential chemotherapeutic delivery system for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer L. Fenn
- Bioengineering Program, College of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington VT 05405
| | - Tianxin Miao
- Bioengineering Program, College of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington VT 05405
| | - Ryan M. Scherrer
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Vermont Burlington, VT 05405
| | - Rachael A. Oldinski
- Bioengineering Program, College of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington VT 05405
- Mechanical Engineering Program, College of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405
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20
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Platz J, Bonenfant NR, Uhl FE, Coffey AL, McKnight T, Parsons C, Sokocevic D, Borg ZD, Lam YW, Deng B, Fields JG, DeSarno M, Loi R, Hoffman AM, Bianchi J, Dacken B, Petersen T, Wagner DE, Weiss DJ. Comparative Decellularization and Recellularization of Wild-Type and Alpha 1,3 Galactosyltransferase Knockout Pig Lungs: A Model for Ex Vivo Xenogeneic Lung Bioengineering and Transplantation. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2016; 22:725-39. [PMID: 27310581 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2016.0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A novel potential approach for lung transplantation could be to utilize xenogeneic decellularized pig lung scaffolds that are recellularized with human lung cells. However, pig tissues express several immunogenic proteins, notably galactosylated cell surface glycoproteins resulting from alpha 1,3 galactosyltransferase (α-gal) activity, that could conceivably prevent effective use. Use of lungs from α-gal knock out (α-gal KO) pigs presents a potential alternative and thus comparative de- and recellularization of wild-type and α-gal KO pig lungs was assessed. METHODS Decellularized lungs were compared by histologic, immunohistochemical, and mass spectrometric techniques. Recellularization was assessed following compartmental inoculation of human lung bronchial epithelial cells, human lung fibroblasts, human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (all via airway inoculation), and human pulmonary vascular endothelial cells (CBF) (vascular inoculation). RESULTS No obvious differences in histologic structure was observed but an approximate 25% difference in retention of residual proteins was determined between decellularized wild-type and α-gal KO pig lungs, including retention of α-galactosylated epitopes in acellular wild-type pig lungs. However, robust initial recellularization and subsequent growth and proliferation was observed for all cell types with no obvious differences between cells seeded into wild-type versus α-gal KO lungs. CONCLUSION These proof of concept studies demonstrate that decellularized wild-type and α-gal KO pig lungs can be comparably decellularized and comparably support initial growth of human lung cells, despite some differences in retained proteins. α-Gal KO pig lungs are a suitable platform for further studies of xenogeneic lung regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Platz
- 1 Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine , Burlington, Vermont
| | - Nicholas R Bonenfant
- 1 Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine , Burlington, Vermont
| | - Franziska E Uhl
- 1 Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine , Burlington, Vermont
| | - Amy L Coffey
- 1 Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine , Burlington, Vermont
| | - Tristan McKnight
- 1 Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine , Burlington, Vermont
| | - Charles Parsons
- 1 Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine , Burlington, Vermont
| | - Dino Sokocevic
- 1 Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine , Burlington, Vermont
| | - Zachary D Borg
- 1 Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine , Burlington, Vermont
| | - Ying-Wai Lam
- 2 Department of Biology and VGN Proteomics Facility, University of Vermont College of Arts and Sciences , Burlington, Vermont
| | - Bin Deng
- 2 Department of Biology and VGN Proteomics Facility, University of Vermont College of Arts and Sciences , Burlington, Vermont
| | - Julia G Fields
- 2 Department of Biology and VGN Proteomics Facility, University of Vermont College of Arts and Sciences , Burlington, Vermont
| | - Michael DeSarno
- 3 Biostatistics Unit, University of Vermont College of Medicine , Burlington, Vermont
| | - Roberto Loi
- 4 Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari , Cagliari, Italy
| | - Andrew M Hoffman
- 5 Department of Clinical Sciences, Tufts University , Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Thomas Petersen
- 8 United Therapeutics Corp., Research Triangle Park , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Darcy E Wagner
- 1 Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine , Burlington, Vermont.,9 Comprehensive Pneumonology Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich , Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel J Weiss
- 1 Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine , Burlington, Vermont
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21
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22
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Charron PN, Fenn SL, Poniz A, Oldinski RA. Mechanical properties and failure analysis of visible light crosslinked alginate-based tissue sealants. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2016; 59:314-321. [PMID: 26897093 PMCID: PMC4860120 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Moderate to weak mechanical properties limit the use of naturally-derived tissue sealants for dynamic medical applications, e.g., sealing a lung leak. To overcome these limitations, we developed visible-light crosslinked alginate-based hydrogels, as either non-adhesive methacrylated alginate (Alg-MA) hydrogel controls, or oxidized Alg-MA (Alg-MA-Ox) tissue adhesive tissue sealants, which form covalent bonds with extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Our study investigated the potential for visible-light crosslinked Alg-MA-Ox hydrogels to serve as effective surgical tissue sealants for dynamic in vivo systems. The Alg-MA-Ox hydrogels were designed to be an injectable system, curable in situ. Burst pressure experiments were conducted on a custom-fabricated burst pressure device using constant air flow; burst pressure properties and adhesion characteristics correlated with the degrees of methacrylation and oxidation. In summary, visible light crosslinked Alg-MA-Ox hydrogel tissue sealants form effective seals over critically-sized defects, and maintain pressures up to 50mm Hg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick N Charron
- Mechanical Engineering Program, College of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, University of Vermont, USA
| | - Spencer L Fenn
- Bioengineering Program, School of Engineering and College of Medicine, University of Vermont, USA
| | - Alex Poniz
- Mechanical Engineering Program, College of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, University of Vermont, USA
| | - Rachael A Oldinski
- Mechanical Engineering Program, College of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, University of Vermont, USA; Bioengineering Program, School of Engineering and College of Medicine, University of Vermont, USA; Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
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23
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Zvarova B, Uhl FE, Uriarte JJ, Borg ZD, Coffey AL, Bonenfant NR, Weiss DJ, Wagner DE. Residual Detergent Detection Method for Nondestructive Cytocompatibility Evaluation of Decellularized Whole Lung Scaffolds. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2016; 22:418-28. [PMID: 26905643 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2015.0439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of reliable tissue engineering methods using decellularized cadaveric or donor lungs could potentially provide a new source of lung tissue. The vast majority of current lung decellularization protocols are detergent based and incompletely removed residual detergents may have a deleterious impact on subsequent scaffold recellularization. Detergent removal and quality control measures that rigorously and reliably confirm removal, ideally utilizing nondestructive methods, are thus critical for generating optimal acellular scaffolds suitable for potential clinical translation. Using a modified and optimized version of a methylene blue-based detergent assay, we developed a straightforward, noninvasive method for easily and reliably detecting two of the most commonly utilized anionic detergents, sodium deoxycholate (SDC) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), in lung decellularization effluents. In parallel studies, we sought to determine the threshold of detergent concentration that was cytotoxic using four different representative human cell types utilized in the study of lung recellularization: human bronchial epithelial cells, human pulmonary vascular endothelial cells (CBF12), human lung fibroblasts, and human mesenchymal stem cells. Notably, different cells have varying thresholds for either SDC or SDS-based detergent-induced cytotoxicity. These studies demonstrate the importance of reliably removing residual detergents and argue that multiple cell lines should be tested in cytocompatibility-based assessments of acellular scaffolds. The detergent detection assay presented here is a useful nondestructive tool for assessing detergent removal in potential decellularization schemes or for use as a potential endpoint in future clinical schemes, generating acellular lungs using anionic detergent-based decellularization protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Zvarova
- 1 Department of Medicine, University of Vermont , Burlington, Vermont
| | - Franziska E Uhl
- 1 Department of Medicine, University of Vermont , Burlington, Vermont
| | - Juan J Uriarte
- 2 Unit of Biophysics and Bioengineering, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain .,3 CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias , Madrid, Spain
| | - Zachary D Borg
- 1 Department of Medicine, University of Vermont , Burlington, Vermont
| | - Amy L Coffey
- 1 Department of Medicine, University of Vermont , Burlington, Vermont
| | | | - Daniel J Weiss
- 1 Department of Medicine, University of Vermont , Burlington, Vermont
| | - Darcy E Wagner
- 1 Department of Medicine, University of Vermont , Burlington, Vermont.,4 Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, University Hospital Grosshadern , Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
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24
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Lei Y, Ferdous Z. Design considerations and challenges for mechanical stretch bioreactors in tissue engineering. Biotechnol Prog 2016; 32:543-53. [PMID: 26929197 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
With the increase in average life expectancy and growing aging population, lack of functional grafts for replacement surgeries has become a severe problem. Engineered tissues are a promising alternative to this problem because they can mimic the physiological function of the native tissues and be cultured on demand. Cyclic stretch is important for developing many engineered tissues such as hearts, heart valves, muscles, and bones. Thus a variety of stretch bioreactors and corresponding scaffolds have been designed and tested to study the underlying mechanism of tissue formation and to optimize the mechanical conditions applied to the engineered tissues. In this review, we look at various designs of stretch bioreactors and common scaffolds and offer insights for future improvements in tissue engineering applications. First, we summarize the requirements and common configuration of stretch bioreactors. Next, we present the features of different actuating and motion transforming systems and their applications. Since most bioreactors must measure detailed distributions of loads and deformations on engineered tissues, techniques with high accuracy, precision, and frequency have been developed. We also cover the key points in designing culture chambers, nutrition exchanging systems, and regimens used for specific tissues. Since scaffolds are essential for providing biophysical microenvironments for residing cells, we discuss materials and technologies used in fabricating scaffolds to mimic anisotropic native tissues, including decellularized tissues, hydrogels, biocompatible polymers, electrospinning, and 3D bioprinting techniques. Finally, we present the potential future directions for improving stretch bioreactors and scaffolds. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 32:543-553, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Lei
- Dept. of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Biomedical Engineering, the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996
| | - Zannatul Ferdous
- Dept. of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Biomedical Engineering, the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996
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25
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The development of a tissue-engineered tracheobronchial epithelial model using a bilayered collagen-hyaluronate scaffold. Biomaterials 2016; 85:111-27. [PMID: 26871888 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.01.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Today, chronic respiratory disease is one of the leading causes of mortality globally. Epithelial dysfunction can play a central role in its pathophysiology. The development of physiologically-representative in vitro model systems using tissue-engineered constructs might improve our understanding of epithelial tissue and disease. This study sought to engineer a bilayered collagen-hyaluronate (CHyA-B) scaffold for the development of a physiologically-representative 3D in vitro tracheobronchial epithelial co-culture model. CHyA-B scaffolds were fabricated by integrating a thin film top-layer into a porous sub-layer with lyophilisation. The film layer firmly connected to the sub-layer with delamination occurring at stresses of 12-15 kPa. Crosslinked scaffolds had a compressive modulus of 1.9 kPa and mean pore diameters of 70 μm and 80 μm, depending on the freezing temperature. Histological analysis showed that the Calu-3 bronchial epithelial cell line attached and grew on CHyA-B with adoption of an epithelial monolayer on the film layer. Immunofluorescence and qRT-PCR studies demonstrated that the CHyA-B scaffolds facilitated Calu-3 cell differentiation, with enhanced mucin expression, increased ciliation and the formation of intercellular tight junctions. Co-culture of Calu-3 cells with Wi38 lung fibroblasts was achieved on the scaffold to create a submucosal tissue analogue of the upper respiratory tract, validating CHyA-B as a platform to support co-culture and cellular organisation reminiscent of in vivo tissue architecture. In summary, this study has demonstrated that CHyA-B is a promising tool for the development of novel 3D tracheobronchial co-culture in vitro models with the potential to unravel new pathways in drug discovery and drug delivery.
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An official American Thoracic Society workshop report: stem cells and cell therapies in lung biology and diseases. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2016; 12:S79-97. [PMID: 25897748 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.201502-086st] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The University of Vermont College of Medicine and the Vermont Lung Center, in collaboration with the NHLBI, Alpha-1 Foundation, American Thoracic Society, European Respiratory Society, International Society for Cell Therapy, and the Pulmonary Fibrosis Foundation, convened a workshop, "Stem Cells and Cell Therapies in Lung Biology and Lung Diseases," held July 29 to August 1, 2013 at the University of Vermont. The conference objectives were to review the current understanding of the role of stem and progenitor cells in lung repair after injury and to review the current status of cell therapy and ex vivo bioengineering approaches for lung diseases. These are all rapidly expanding areas of study that both provide further insight into and challenge traditional views of mechanisms of lung repair after injury and pathogenesis of several lung diseases. The goals of the conference were to summarize the current state of the field, discuss and debate current controversies, and identify future research directions and opportunities for both basic and translational research in cell-based therapies for lung diseases. This conference was a follow-up to four previous biennial conferences held at the University of Vermont in 2005, 2007, 2009, and 2011. Each of those conferences, also sponsored by the National Institutes of Health, American Thoracic Society, and Respiratory Disease Foundations, has been important in helping guide research and funding priorities. The major conference recommendations are summarized at the end of the report and highlight both the significant progress and major challenges in these rapidly progressing fields.
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