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Oliveira VLS, Queiroz-Junior CM, Hoorelbeke D, Santos FRDS, Chaves IDM, Teixeira MM, Russo RDC, Proost P, Costa VV, Struyf S, Amaral FA. The glycosaminoglycan-binding chemokine fragment CXCL9(74-103) reduces inflammation and tissue damage in mouse models of coronavirus infection. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1378591. [PMID: 38686377 PMCID: PMC11056509 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1378591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pulmonary diseases represent a significant burden to patients and the healthcare system and are one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Particularly, the COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound global impact, affecting public health, economies, and daily life. While the peak of the crisis has subsided, the global number of reported COVID-19 cases remains significantly high, according to medical agencies around the world. Furthermore, despite the success of vaccines in reducing the number of deaths caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), there remains a gap in the treatment of the disease, especially in addressing uncontrolled inflammation. The massive recruitment of leukocytes to lung tissue and alveoli is a hallmark factor in COVID-19, being essential for effectively responding to the pulmonary insult but also linked to inflammation and lung damage. In this context, mice models are a crucial tool, offering valuable insights into both the pathogenesis of the disease and potential therapeutic approaches. Methods Here, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of the glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-binding chemokine fragment CXCL9(74-103), a molecule that potentially decreases neutrophil transmigration by competing with chemokines for GAG-binding sites, in two models of pneumonia caused by coronavirus infection. Results In a murine model of betacoronavirus MHV-3 infection, the treatment with CXCL9(74-103) decreased the accumulation of total leukocytes, mainly neutrophils, to the alveolar space and improved several parameters of lung dysfunction 3 days after infection. Additionally, this treatment also reduced the lung damage. In the SARS-CoV-2 model in K18-hACE2-mice, CXCL9(74-103) significantly improved the clinical manifestations of the disease, reducing pulmonary damage and decreasing viral titers in the lungs. Discussion These findings indicate that CXCL9(74-103) resulted in highly favorable outcomes in controlling pneumonia caused by coronavirus, as it effectively diminishes the clinical consequences of the infections and reduces both local and systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Louise Soares Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Departament of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Celso Martins Queiroz-Junior
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Delphine Hoorelbeke
- Departament of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Felipe Rocha da Silva Santos
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ian de Meira Chaves
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mauro Martins Teixeira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Remo de Castro Russo
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Paul Proost
- Departament of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vivian Vasconcelos Costa
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Sofie Struyf
- Departament of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Flávio Almeida Amaral
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Lebedev M, Benjamin AB, Kumar S, Molchanova N, Lin JS, Koster KJ, Leibowitz JL, Barron AE, Cirillo JD. Antiviral Effect of Antimicrobial Peptoid TM9 and Murine Model of Respiratory Coronavirus Infection. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:464. [PMID: 38675125 PMCID: PMC11054490 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16040464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
New antiviral agents are essential to improving treatment and control of SARS-CoV-2 infections that can lead to the disease COVID-19. Antimicrobial peptoids are sequence-specific oligo-N-substituted glycine peptidomimetics that emulate the structure and function of natural antimicrobial peptides but are resistant to proteases. We demonstrate antiviral activity of a new peptoid (TM9) against the coronavirus, murine hepatitis virus (MHV), as a closely related model for the structure and antiviral susceptibility profile of SARS-CoV-2. This peptoid mimics the human cathelicidin LL-37, which has also been shown to have antimicrobial and antiviral activity. In this study, TM9 was effective against three murine coronavirus strains, demonstrating that the therapeutic window is large enough to allow the use of TM9 for treatment. All three isolates of MHV generated infection in mice after 15 min of exposure by aerosol using the Madison aerosol chamber, and all three viral strains could be isolated from the lungs throughout the 5-day observation period post-infection, with the peak titers on day 2. MHV-A59 and MHV-A59-GFP were also isolated from the liver, heart, spleen, olfactory bulbs, and brain. These data demonstrate that MHV serves as a valuable natural murine model of coronavirus pathogenesis in multiple organs, including the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim Lebedev
- School of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX 77807, USA; (M.L.); (A.B.B.); (S.K.); (K.J.K.); (J.L.L.)
| | - Aaron B. Benjamin
- School of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX 77807, USA; (M.L.); (A.B.B.); (S.K.); (K.J.K.); (J.L.L.)
| | - Sathish Kumar
- School of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX 77807, USA; (M.L.); (A.B.B.); (S.K.); (K.J.K.); (J.L.L.)
| | - Natalia Molchanova
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (N.M.); (J.S.L.); (A.E.B.)
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jennifer S. Lin
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (N.M.); (J.S.L.); (A.E.B.)
| | - Kent J. Koster
- School of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX 77807, USA; (M.L.); (A.B.B.); (S.K.); (K.J.K.); (J.L.L.)
| | - Julian L. Leibowitz
- School of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX 77807, USA; (M.L.); (A.B.B.); (S.K.); (K.J.K.); (J.L.L.)
| | - Annelise E. Barron
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (N.M.); (J.S.L.); (A.E.B.)
| | - Jeffrey D. Cirillo
- School of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX 77807, USA; (M.L.); (A.B.B.); (S.K.); (K.J.K.); (J.L.L.)
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3
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Huang W, Chen X, Yin M, Li J, Luo M, Ai Y, Xie L, Li W, Liu Y, Xie X, Chen Y, Zhang X, He J. Protection effects of mice liver and lung injury induced by coronavirus infection of Qingfei Paidu decoction involve inhibition of the NLRP3 signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 321:117512. [PMID: 38040130 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a grave and pervasive global infectious malady brought about by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), posing a significant menace to human well-being. Qingfei Paidu decoction (QFPD) represents a pioneering formulation derived from four classical Chinese medicine prescriptions. Substantiated evidence attests to its efficacy in alleviating clinical manifestations, mitigating the incidence of severe and critical conditions, and reducing mortality rates among COVID-19 patients. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to investigate the protection effects of QFPD in mice afflicted with a coronavirus infection, with a particular focus on determining whether its mechanism involves the NLRP3 signaling pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS The coronavirus mice model was established through intranasal infection of Kunming mice with Hepatic Mouse Virus A59 (MHV-A59). In the dose-effect experiment, normal saline, ribavirin (80 mg/kg), or QFPD (5, 10, 20 g/kg) were administered to the mice 2 h following MHV-A59 infection. In the time-effect experiment, normal saline or QFPD (20 g/kg) was administered to mice 2 h post MHV-A59 infection. Following the assessment of mouse body weights, food consumption, and water intake, intragastric administration was conducted once daily at consistent intervals over a span of 5 days. The impact of QFPD on pathological alterations in the livers and lungs of MHV-A59-infected mice was evaluated through H&E staining. The viral loads of MHV-A59 in both the liver and lung were determined using qPCR. The expression levels of genes and proteins related to the NLRP3 pathway in the liver and lung were assessed through qPCR, Western Blot analysis, and immunofluorescence. RESULTS The administration of QFPD was shown to ameliorate the reduced weight gain, decline in food consumption, and diminished water intake, all of which were repercussions of MHV-A59 infection in mice. QFPD treatment exhibited notable efficacy in safeguarding tissue integrity. The extent of hepatic and pulmonary injury, when coupled with QFPD treatment, demonstrated not only a reduction with higher treatment dosages but also a decline with prolonged treatment duration. In the dose-effect experiment, there was a notable, dose-dependent reduction in the viral loads, as well as the expression levels of IL-1β, NLRP3, ASC, Caspase 1, Caspase-1 p20, GSDMD, GSDMD-N, and NF-κB within the liver of the QFPD-treated groups. Additionally, in the time-effects experiments, the viral loads and the expression levels of genes and proteins linked to the NLRP3 pathway were consistently lower in the QFPD-treated groups compared with the model control groups, particularly during the periods when their expressions reached their zenith in the model group. Notably, IL-18 showed only a modest elevation relative to the blank control group following QFPD treatment. CONCLUSIONS To sum up, our current study demonstrated that QFPD treatment has the capacity to alleviate infection-related symptoms, mitigate tissue damage in infected organs, and suppress viral replication in coronavirus-infected mice. The protective attributes of QFPD in coronavirus-infected mice are plausibly associated with its modulation of the NLRP3 signaling pathway. We further infer that QFPD holds substantial promise in the context of coronavirus infection therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenguan Huang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiuyun Chen
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingyu Yin
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Junlin Li
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Minyi Luo
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Ai
- Artemisinin Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lei Xie
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wanxi Li
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yatian Liu
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinyuan Xie
- Artemisinin Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Animal Experiment Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Clinical Medical College of Acupuncture Moxibustion and Rehabilitation. Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinyang He
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Franco JH, Harris RA, Ryan WG, Taylor RT, McCullumsmith RE, Chattopadhyay S, Pan ZK. Retinoic Acid-Mediated Inhibition of Mouse Coronavirus Replication Is Dependent on IRF3 and CaMKK. Viruses 2024; 16:140. [PMID: 38257840 PMCID: PMC10819102 DOI: 10.3390/v16010140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has revealed the shortfalls in our understanding of how to treat coronavirus infections. With almost 7 million case fatalities of COVID-19 globally, the catalog of FDA-approved antiviral therapeutics is limited compared to other medications, such as antibiotics. All-trans retinoic acid (RA), or activated vitamin A, has been studied as a potential therapeutic against coronavirus infection because of its antiviral properties. Due to its impact on different signaling pathways, RA's mechanism of action during coronavirus infection has not been thoroughly described. To determine RA's mechanism of action, we examined its effect against a mouse coronavirus, mouse hepatitis virus strain A59 (MHV). We demonstrated that RA significantly decreased viral titers in infected mouse L929 fibroblasts and RAW 264.7 macrophages. The reduced viral titers were associated with a corresponding decrease in MHV nucleocapsid protein expression. Using interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) knockout RAW 264.7 cells, we demonstrated that RA-induced suppression of MHV required IRF3 activity. RNA-seq analysis of wildtype and IRF3 knockout RAW cells showed that RA upregulated calcium/calmodulin (CaM) signaling proteins, such as CaM kinase kinase 1 (CaMKK1). When treated with a CaMKK inhibitor, RA was unable to upregulate IRF activation during MHV infection. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that RA-induced protection against coronavirus infection depends on IRF3 and CaMKK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin H. Franco
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA (S.C.)
| | - Ryan A. Harris
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA (S.C.)
| | - William G. Ryan
- Department of Neurosciences and Neurological Disorders, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Roger Travis Taylor
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA (S.C.)
| | - Robert E. McCullumsmith
- Department of Neurosciences and Neurological Disorders, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Saurabh Chattopadhyay
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA (S.C.)
- Department of Microbiology Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Zhixing K. Pan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA (S.C.)
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Curran CS, Cui X, Li Y, Jeakle M, Sun J, Demirkale CY, Minkove S, Hoffmann V, Dhamapurkar R, Chumbris S, Bolyard C, Iheanacho A, Eichacker PQ, Torabi-Parizi P. Anti-PD-L1 therapy altered inflammation but not survival in a lethal murine hepatitis virus-1 pneumonia model. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1308358. [PMID: 38259435 PMCID: PMC10801642 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1308358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Because prior immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy in cancer patients presenting with COVID-19 may affect outcomes, we investigated the beta-coronavirus, murine hepatitis virus (MHV)-1, in a lethal pneumonia model in the absence (Study 1) or presence of prior programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) antibody (PD-L1mAb) treatment (Study 2). Methods In Study 1, animals were inoculated intratracheally with MHV-1 or vehicle and evaluated at day 2, 5, and 10 after infection. In Study 2, uninfected or MHV-1-infected animals were pretreated intraperitoneally with control or PD-L1-blocking antibodies (PD-L1mAb) and evaluated at day 2 and 5 after infection. Each study examined survival, physiologic and histologic parameters, viral titers, lung immunophenotypes, and mediator production. Results Study 1 results recapitulated the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and revealed increased cell surface expression of checkpoint molecules (PD-L1, PD-1), higher expression of the immune activation marker angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), but reduced detection of the MHV-1 receptor CD66a on immune cells in the lung, liver, and spleen. In addition to reduced detection of PD-L1 on all immune cells assayed, PD-L1 blockade was associated with increased cell surface expression of PD-1 and ACE, decreased cell surface detection of CD66a, and improved oxygen saturation despite reduced blood glucose levels and increased signs of tissue hypoxia. In the lung, PD-L1mAb promoted S100A9 but inhibited ACE2 production concomitantly with pAKT activation and reduced FOXO1 levels. PD-L1mAb promoted interferon-γ but inhibited IL-5 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) production, contributing to reduced bronchoalveolar lavage levels of eosinophils and neutrophils. In the liver, PD-L1mAb increased viral clearance in association with increased macrophage and lymphocyte recruitment and liver injury. PD-L1mAb increased the production of virally induced mediators of injury, angiogenesis, and neuronal activity that may play role in COVID-19 and ICI-related neurotoxicity. PD-L1mAb did not affect survival in this murine model. Discussion In Study 1 and Study 2, ACE was upregulated and CD66a and ACE2 were downregulated by either MHV-1 or PD-L1mAb. CD66a is not only the MHV-1 receptor but also an identified immune checkpoint and a negative regulator of ACE. Crosstalk between CD66a and PD-L1 or ACE/ACE2 may provide insight into ICI therapies. These networks may also play role in the increased production of S100A9 and neurological mediators in response to MHV-1 and/or PD-L1mAb, which warrant further study. Overall, these findings support observational data suggesting that prior ICI treatment does not alter survival in patients presenting with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen S. Curran
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Xizhong Cui
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Yan Li
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Mark Jeakle
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Junfeng Sun
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Cumhur Y. Demirkale
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Samuel Minkove
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Victoria Hoffmann
- Division of Veterinary Resources, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Rhea Dhamapurkar
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Symya Chumbris
- Texcell North-America, Inc., Frederick, MD, United States
| | | | | | - Peter Q. Eichacker
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Parizad Torabi-Parizi
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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6
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Reagin KL, Lee RL, Cocciolone L, Funk KE. Antigen non-specific CD8 + T cells accelerate cognitive decline in aged mice following respiratory coronavirus infection. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.02.573675. [PMID: 38260669 PMCID: PMC10802364 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.02.573675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Primarily a respiratory infection, numerous patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 present with neurologic symptoms, some continuing long after viral clearance as a persistent symptomatic phase termed "long COVID". Advanced age increases the risk of severe disease, as well as incidence of long COVID. We hypothesized that perturbations in the aged immune response predispose elderly individuals to severe coronavirus infection and post-infectious sequelae. Using a murine model of respiratory coronavirus, mouse hepatitis virus strain A59 (MHV-A59), we found that aging increased clinical illness and lethality to MHV infection, with aged animals harboring increased virus in the brain during acute infection. This was coupled with an unexpected increase in activated CD8+ T cells within the brains of aged animals but reduced antigen specificity of those CD8+ T cells. Aged animals demonstrated spatial learning impairment following MHV infection, which correlated with increased neuronal cell death and reduced neuronal regeneration in aged hippocampus. Using primary cell culture, we demonstrated that activated CD8+ T cells induce neuronal death, independent of antigen-specificity. Specifically, higher levels of CD8+ T cell-derived IFN-γ correlated with neuronal death. These results support the evidence that CD8+ T cells in the brain directly contribute to cognitive dysfunction following coronavirus infection in aged individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie L. Reagin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte
| | - Rae-Ling Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte
| | - Loren Cocciolone
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte
| | - Kristen E. Funk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte
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7
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Mazzarella L, Santoro F, Ravasio R, Fumagalli V, Massa PE, Rodighiero S, Gavilán E, Romanenghi M, Duso BA, Bonetti E, Manganaro L, Pallavi R, Trastulli D, Pallavicini I, Gentile C, Monzani S, Leonardi T, Pasqualato S, Buttinelli G, Di Martino A, Fedele G, Schiavoni I, Stefanelli P, Meroni G, de Francesco R, Steinkuhler C, Fossati G, Iannacone M, Minucci S, Pelicci PG. Inhibition of the lysine demethylase LSD1 modulates the balance between inflammatory and antiviral responses against coronaviruses. Sci Signal 2023; 16:eade0326. [PMID: 38113337 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.ade0326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Innate immune responses to coronavirus infections are highly cell specific. Tissue-resident macrophages, which are infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in patients but are inconsistently infected in vitro, exert critical but conflicting effects by secreting both antiviral type I interferons (IFNs) and tissue-damaging inflammatory cytokines. Steroids, the only class of host-targeting drugs approved for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), indiscriminately suppress both responses, possibly impairing viral clearance. Here, we established in vitro cell culture systems that enabled us to separately investigate the cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic proinflammatory and antiviral activities of mouse macrophages infected with the prototypical murine coronavirus MHV-A59. We showed that the nuclear factor κB-dependent inflammatory response to viral infection was selectively inhibited by loss of the lysine demethylase LSD1, which was previously implicated in innate immune responses to cancer, with negligible effects on the antiviral IFN response. LSD1 ablation also enhanced an IFN-independent antiviral response, blocking viral egress through the lysosomal pathway. The macrophage-intrinsic antiviral and anti-inflammatory activity of Lsd1 inhibition was confirmed in vitro and in a humanized mouse model of SARS-CoV-2 infection. These results suggest that LSD1 controls innate immune responses against coronaviruses at multiple levels and provide a mechanistic rationale for potentially repurposing LSD1 inhibitors for COVID-19 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Mazzarella
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Santoro
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Ravasio
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Fumagalli
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan 20132, Italy
- Experimental Imaging Centre, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Paul E Massa
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Rodighiero
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Gavilán
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro Romanenghi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Bruno A Duso
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuele Bonetti
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Lara Manganaro
- Virology, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi," 20122 Milan, Italy
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Rani Pallavi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Deborah Trastulli
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Isabella Pallavicini
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Gentile
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Monzani
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Tommaso Leonardi
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Pasqualato
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriele Buttinelli
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Di Martino
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Fedele
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Schiavoni
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Stefanelli
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Meroni
- IFOM-FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaele de Francesco
- Virology, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi," 20122 Milan, Italy
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Christian Steinkuhler
- Preclinical R&D Italfarmaco SpA, Via dei Lavoratori 54, 20092 Cinisello Balsamo (Milan), Italy
| | - Gianluca Fossati
- Preclinical R&D Italfarmaco SpA, Via dei Lavoratori 54, 20092 Cinisello Balsamo (Milan), Italy
| | - Matteo Iannacone
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan 20132, Italy
- Experimental Imaging Centre, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Saverio Minucci
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan 20123, Italy
| | - Pier Giuseppe Pelicci
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, University of Milan, Milan 20122, Italy
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8
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Campolina-Silva G, Andrade ACDSP, Couto M, Bittencourt-Silva PG, Queiroz-Junior CM, Lacerda LDSB, Chaves IDM, de Oliveira LC, Marim FM, Oliveira CA, da Silva GSF, Teixeira MM, Costa VV. Dietary Vitamin D Mitigates Coronavirus-Induced Lung Inflammation and Damage in Mice. Viruses 2023; 15:2434. [PMID: 38140675 PMCID: PMC10748145 DOI: 10.3390/v15122434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 (β-CoV) betacoronavirus has posed a significant threat to global health. Despite the availability of vaccines, the virus continues to spread, and there is a need for alternative strategies to alleviate its impact. Vitamin D, a secosteroid hormone best known for its role in bone health, exhibits immunomodulatory effects in certain viral infections. Here, we have shown that bioactive vitamin D (calcitriol) limits in vitro replication of SARS-CoV-2 and murine coronaviruses MHV-3 and MHV-A59. Comparative studies involving wild-type mice intranasally infected with MHV-3, a model for studying β-CoV respiratory infections, confirmed the protective effect of vitamin D in vivo. Accordingly, mice fed a standard diet rapidly succumbed to MHV-3 infection, whereas those on a vitamin D-rich diet (10,000 IU of Vitamin D3/kg) displayed increased resistance to acute respiratory damage and systemic complications. Consistent with these findings, the vitamin D-supplemented group exhibited lower viral titers in their lungs and reduced levels of TNF, IL-6, IL-1β, and IFN-γ, alongside an enhanced type I interferon response. Altogether, our findings suggest vitamin D supplementation ameliorates β-CoV-triggered respiratory illness and systemic complications in mice, likely via modulation of the host's immune response to the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Campolina-Silva
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30270-901, MG, Brazil; (A.C.d.S.P.A.); (L.d.S.B.L.); (I.d.M.C.); (C.A.O.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30270-901, MG, Brazil; (L.C.d.O.); (M.M.T.)
- CHU de Québec Research Center (CHUL), Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Ana Cláudia dos Santos Pereira Andrade
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30270-901, MG, Brazil; (A.C.d.S.P.A.); (L.d.S.B.L.); (I.d.M.C.); (C.A.O.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30270-901, MG, Brazil; (L.C.d.O.); (M.M.T.)
- CHU de Québec Research Center (CHUL), Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Manoela Couto
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30270-901, MG, Brazil; (A.C.d.S.P.A.); (L.d.S.B.L.); (I.d.M.C.); (C.A.O.)
| | - Paloma G. Bittencourt-Silva
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30270-901, MG, Brazil (G.S.F.d.S.)
| | - Celso M. Queiroz-Junior
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30270-901, MG, Brazil; (A.C.d.S.P.A.); (L.d.S.B.L.); (I.d.M.C.); (C.A.O.)
| | - Larisse de Souza B. Lacerda
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30270-901, MG, Brazil; (A.C.d.S.P.A.); (L.d.S.B.L.); (I.d.M.C.); (C.A.O.)
| | - Ian de Meira Chaves
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30270-901, MG, Brazil; (A.C.d.S.P.A.); (L.d.S.B.L.); (I.d.M.C.); (C.A.O.)
| | - Leonardo C. de Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30270-901, MG, Brazil; (L.C.d.O.); (M.M.T.)
| | - Fernanda Martins Marim
- Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Cleida A. Oliveira
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30270-901, MG, Brazil; (A.C.d.S.P.A.); (L.d.S.B.L.); (I.d.M.C.); (C.A.O.)
| | - Glauber S. F. da Silva
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30270-901, MG, Brazil (G.S.F.d.S.)
| | - Mauro Martins Teixeira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30270-901, MG, Brazil; (L.C.d.O.); (M.M.T.)
| | - Vivian Vasconcelos Costa
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30270-901, MG, Brazil; (A.C.d.S.P.A.); (L.d.S.B.L.); (I.d.M.C.); (C.A.O.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30270-901, MG, Brazil; (L.C.d.O.); (M.M.T.)
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9
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Rajayer SR, Smith SM. Neurovirulent cytokines increase neuronal excitability in a model of coronavirus-induced neuroinflammation. Intensive Care Med Exp 2023; 11:71. [PMID: 37833408 PMCID: PMC10575822 DOI: 10.1186/s40635-023-00557-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurological manifestations of severe coronavirus infections, including SARS-CoV-2, are wide-ranging and may persist following virus clearance. Detailed understanding of the underlying changes in brain function may facilitate the identification of therapeutic targets. We directly tested how neocortical function is impacted by the specific panel of cytokines that occur in coronavirus brain infection. Using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique, we determined how the five cytokines (TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12p40 and IL-15 for 22-28-h) at concentrations matched to those elicited by MHV-A59 coronavirus brain infection, affected neuronal function in cultured primary mouse neocortical neurons. RESULTS We evaluated how acute cytokine exposure affected neuronal excitability (propensity to fire action potentials), membrane properties, and action potential characteristics, as well as sensitivity to changes in extracellular calcium and magnesium (divalent) concentration. Neurovirulent cytokines increased spontaneous excitability and response to low divalent concentration by depolarizing the resting membrane potential and hyperpolarizing the action potential threshold. Evoked excitability was also enhanced by neurovirulent cytokines at physiological divalent concentrations. At low divalent concentrations, the change in evoked excitability was attenuated. One hour after cytokine removal, spontaneous excitability and hyperpolarization of the action potential threshold normalized but membrane depolarization and attenuated divalent-dependent excitability persisted. CONCLUSIONS Coronavirus-associated cytokine exposure increases spontaneous excitability in neocortical neurons, and some of the changes persist after cytokine removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salil R Rajayer
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, VA Portland Health Care System, 3710 SW U.S. Veterans Hospital Road, R&D 24, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Stephen M Smith
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, VA Portland Health Care System, 3710 SW U.S. Veterans Hospital Road, R&D 24, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
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10
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Rossi L, Santos KBS, Mota BIS, Pimenta J, Oliveira B, Machado CA, Fernandes HB, Barbosa LA, Rodrigues HA, Teixeira GHM, Gomes-Martins GA, Chaimowicz GF, Queiroz-Junior CM, Chaves I, Tapia JC, Teixeira MM, Costa VV, Miranda AS, Guatimosim C. Neuromuscular defects after infection with a beta coronavirus in mice. Neurochem Int 2023; 169:105567. [PMID: 37348761 PMCID: PMC10281698 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2023.105567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 affects primarily the lung. However, several other systemic alterations, including muscle weakness, fatigue and myalgia have been reported and may contribute to the disease outcome. We hypothesize that changes in the neuromuscular system may contribute to the latter symptoms observed in COVID-19 patients. Here, we showed that C57BL/6J mice inoculated intranasally with the murine betacoronavirus hepatitis coronavirus 3 (MHV-3), a model for studying COVID-19 in BSL-2 conditions that emulates severe COVID-19, developed robust motor alterations in muscle strength and locomotor activity. The latter changes were accompanied by degeneration and loss of motoneurons that were associated with the presence of virus-like particles inside the motoneuron. At the neuromuscular junction level, there were signs of atrophy and fragmentation in synaptic elements of MHV-3-infected mice. Furthermore, there was muscle atrophy and fiber type switch with alteration in myokines levels in muscles of MHV-3-infected mice. Collectively, our results show that acute infection with a betacoronavirus leads to robust motor impairment accompanied by neuromuscular system alteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Rossi
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Kivia B S Santos
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Barbara I S Mota
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Jordane Pimenta
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Bruna Oliveira
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Caroline A Machado
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Heliana B Fernandes
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Leticia A Barbosa
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Hermann A Rodrigues
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Vida, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Campus Governador Valadares, MG, Brazil
| | - Gabriel H M Teixeira
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Gabriel A Gomes-Martins
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Gabriel F Chaimowicz
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Celso Martins Queiroz-Junior
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ian Chaves
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Juan C Tapia
- School of Medicine, University of Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Mauro M Teixeira
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Vivian V Costa
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Aline S Miranda
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Cristina Guatimosim
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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11
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Zhou Q, Luo Y, Zhu Y, Chen Q, Qiu J, Cong F, Li Y, Zhang X. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and nucleotide analog GS-441524 conjugates with potent in vivo efficacy against coronaviruses. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 249:115113. [PMID: 36706621 PMCID: PMC9830933 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Coronaviruses (CoVs) infect a broad range of hosts, including humans and various animals, with a tendency to cross the species barrier, causing severe harm to human society and fostering the need for effective anti-coronaviral drugs. GS-441524 is a broad-spectrum antiviral nucleoside with potent anti-CoVs activities. However, its application is limited by poor oral bioavailability. Herein, we designed and synthesized several conjugates via covalently binding NSAIDs to 5'-OH of GS-441524 through ester bonds. The ibuprofen conjugate, ATV041, exhibited potent in vitro anti-coronaviral efficacy against four zoonotic coronaviruses in the alpha- and beta-genera. Oral-dosed ATV041 resulted in favorable bioavailability and rapid tissue distribution of GS-441524 and ibuprofen. In MHV-A59 infected mice, ATV041 dose-dependently decreased viral RNA replication and significantly reduced the proinflammatory cytokines in the liver and the lung at 3 dpi. As a result, the MHV-A59-induced lung and liver inflammatory injury was significantly alleviated. Taken together, this work provides a novel drug conjugate strategy to improve oral PK and offers a potent anti-coronaviral lead compound for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifan Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Medi-X Pingshan, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
| | - Yinzhu Luo
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510663, China
| | - Yujun Zhu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510663, China
| | - Qishu Chen
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Medi-X Pingshan, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
| | - Jingfei Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Medi-X Pingshan, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
| | - Feng Cong
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510663, China.
| | - Yingjun Li
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Medi-X Pingshan, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Xumu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Medi-X Pingshan, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China.
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12
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Sharma SB, Melvin WJ, Audu CO, Bame M, Rhoads N, Wu W, Kanthi Y, Knight JS, Adili R, Holinstat MA, Wakefield TW, Henke PK, Moore BB, Gallagher KA, Obi AT. The histone methyltransferase MLL1/KMT2A in monocytes drives coronavirus-associated coagulopathy and inflammation. Blood 2023; 141:725-742. [PMID: 36493338 PMCID: PMC9743412 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022015917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus-associated coagulopathy (CAC) is a morbid and lethal sequela of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. CAC results from a perturbed balance between coagulation and fibrinolysis and occurs in conjunction with exaggerated activation of monocytes/macrophages (MO/Mφs), and the mechanisms that collectively govern this phenotype seen in CAC remain unclear. Here, using experimental models that use the murine betacoronavirus MHVA59, a well-established model of SARS-CoV-2 infection, we identify that the histone methyltransferase mixed lineage leukemia 1 (MLL1/KMT2A) is an important regulator of MO/Mφ expression of procoagulant and profibrinolytic factors such as tissue factor (F3; TF), urokinase (PLAU), and urokinase receptor (PLAUR) (herein, "coagulopathy-related factors") in noninfected and infected cells. We show that MLL1 concurrently promotes the expression of the proinflammatory cytokines while suppressing the expression of interferon alfa (IFN-α), a well-known inducer of TF and PLAUR. Using in vitro models, we identify MLL1-dependent NF-κB/RelA-mediated transcription of these coagulation-related factors and identify a context-dependent, MLL1-independent role for RelA in the expression of these factors in vivo. As functional correlates for these findings, we demonstrate that the inflammatory, procoagulant, and profibrinolytic phenotypes seen in vivo after coronavirus infection were MLL1-dependent despite blunted Ifna induction in MO/Mφs. Finally, in an analysis of SARS-CoV-2 positive human samples, we identify differential upregulation of MLL1 and coagulopathy-related factor expression and activity in CD14+ MO/Mφs relative to noninfected and healthy controls. We also observed elevated plasma PLAU and TF activity in COVID-positive samples. Collectively, these findings highlight an important role for MO/Mφ MLL1 in promoting CAC and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriganesh B. Sharma
- Section of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - William J. Melvin
- Section of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Christopher O. Audu
- Section of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Monica Bame
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Nicole Rhoads
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Weisheng Wu
- Bioinformatics Core, Biomedical Research Core Facilities, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Yogendra Kanthi
- Laboratory of Vascular Thrombosis & Inflammation, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jason S. Knight
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Reheman Adili
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Michael A. Holinstat
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Thomas W. Wakefield
- Section of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Peter K. Henke
- Section of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Bethany B. Moore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Katherine A. Gallagher
- Section of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Andrea T. Obi
- Section of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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13
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Gao J, Wang Q, Tang YD, Zhai J, Hu W, Zheng C. When ferroptosis meets pathogenic infections. Trends Microbiol 2022; 31:468-479. [PMID: 36496309 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2022.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis, necrosis, or autophagy are diverse types of regulated cell death (RCD), recognized as the strategies that host cells use to defend against pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, or fungi. Pathogens can induce or block different types of host cell RCD, promoting propagation or evading host immune surveillance. Ferroptosis is a newly identified RCD. Evidence has demonstrated how pathogens regulate ferroptosis to promote their replication, dissemination, and pathogenesis. However, the interaction between ferroptosis and pathogenic infections still needs to be completely elucidated. This review summarizes the advances in the interaction between pathogenic infections and host ferroptotic processes, focusing on the underlying mechanisms of how pathogens exploit ferroptosis, and discussing possible therapeutic measures against pathogen-associated diseases in a ferroptosis-dependent manner.
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14
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Xian J, Huang H, Huang G, Zhou R, Yang M, Qiu Y, Bi L, Su Z, Xiao F, Shan H, Jin H. A Positron Emission Tomography Tracer Targeting the S2 Subunit of SARS-CoV-2 in Extrapulmonary Infections. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:4264-4274. [PMID: 36067000 PMCID: PMC9469952 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Tracking the pathogen of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in live subjects may help estimate the spatiotemporal distribution of SARS-CoV-2 infection in vivo. This study developed a positron emission tomography (PET) tracer of the S2 subunit of spike (S) protein for imaging SARS-CoV-2. A pan-coronavirus inhibitor, EK1 peptide, was synthesized and radiolabeled with copper-64 after being conjugated with 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triyl-triacetic acid (NOTA). The in vitro stability tests indicated that [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-EK1 was stable up to 24 h both in saline and in human serum. The binding assay showed that [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-EK1 has a nanomolar affinity (Ki = 3.94 ± 0.51 nM) with the S-protein of SARS-CoV-2. The cell uptake evaluation used HEK293T/S+ and HEK293T/S- cell lines that showed that the tracer has a high affinity with the S-protein on the cellular level. For the in vivo study, we tested [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-EK1 in HEK293T/S+ cell xenograft-bearing mice (n = 3) and pseudovirus of SARS-CoV-2-infected HEK293T/ACE2 cell bearing mice (n = 3). The best radioactive xenograft-to-muscle ratio (X/Nxenograft 8.04 ± 0.99, X/Npseudovirus 6.47 ± 0.71) was most evident 4 h postinjection. Finally, PET imaging in the surrogate mouse model of beta-coronavirus, mouse hepatic virus-A59 infection in C57BL/6 J mice showed significantly enhanced accumulation in the liver than in the uninfected mice (1.626 ± 0.136 vs 0.871 ± 0.086 %ID/g, n = 3, P < 0.05) at 4 h postinjection. In conclusion, our experimental results demonstrate that [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-EK1 is a potential molecular imaging probe for tracking SARS-CoV-2 in extrapulmonary infections in living subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhong Xian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical
Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University,
Zhuhai, Guangdong Province519000, China
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, The Fifth
Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong
Province519000, China
| | - Hongbin Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical
Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University,
Zhuhai, Guangdong Province519000, China
| | - Guolong Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical
Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University,
Zhuhai, Guangdong Province519000, China
| | - Renwei Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical
Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University,
Zhuhai, Guangdong Province519000, China
| | - Min Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical
Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University,
Zhuhai, Guangdong Province519000, China
| | - Yifan Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical
Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University,
Zhuhai, Guangdong Province519000, China
| | - Lei Bi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical
Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University,
Zhuhai, Guangdong Province519000, China
| | - Zhongzhen Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical
Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University,
Zhuhai, Guangdong Province519000, China
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, The Fifth
Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong
Province519000, China
| | - Fei Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical
Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University,
Zhuhai, Guangdong Province519000, China
| | - Hong Shan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical
Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University,
Zhuhai, Guangdong Province519000, China
- Department of Interventional Medicine, The Fifth
Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong
Province519000, China
| | - Hongjun Jin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical
Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University,
Zhuhai, Guangdong Province519000, China
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15
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Archer SL, Dasgupta A, Chen KH, Wu D, Baid K, Mamatis JE, Gonzalez V, Read A, Bentley RET, Martin AY, Mewburn JD, Dunham-Snary KJ, Evans GA, Levy G, Jones O, Al-Qazazi R, Ring B, Alizadeh E, Hindmarch CCT, Rossi J, Lima PDA, Falzarano D, Banerjee A, Colpitts CC. SARS-CoV-2 mitochondriopathy in COVID-19 pneumonia exacerbates hypoxemia. Redox Biol 2022; 58:102508. [PMID: 36334378 PMCID: PMC9558649 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes COVID-19 pneumonia. We hypothesize that SARS-CoV-2 causes alveolar injury and hypoxemia by damaging mitochondria in airway epithelial cells (AEC) and pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMC), triggering apoptosis and bioenergetic impairment, and impairing hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV), respectively. Objectives We examined the effects of: A) human betacoronaviruses, SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-OC43, and individual SARS-CoV-2 proteins on apoptosis, mitochondrial fission, and bioenergetics in AEC; and B) SARS-CoV-2 proteins and mouse hepatitis virus (MHV-1) infection on HPV. Methods We used transcriptomic data to identify temporal changes in mitochondrial-relevant gene ontology (GO) pathways post-SARS-CoV-2 infection. We also transduced AECs with SARS-CoV-2 proteins (M, Nsp7 or Nsp9) and determined effects on mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) activity, relative membrane potential, apoptosis, mitochondrial fission, and oxygen consumption rates (OCR). In human PASMC, we assessed the effects of SARS-CoV-2 proteins on hypoxic increases in cytosolic calcium, an HPV proxy. In MHV-1 pneumonia, we assessed HPV via cardiac catheterization and apoptosis using the TUNEL assay. Results SARS-CoV-2 regulated mitochondrial apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane permeabilization and electron transport chain (ETC) GO pathways within 2 hours of infection. SARS-CoV-2 downregulated ETC Complex I and ATP synthase genes, and upregulated apoptosis-inducing genes. SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-OC43 upregulated and activated dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) and increased mitochondrial fission. SARS-CoV-2 and transduced SARS-CoV-2 proteins increased apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) expression and activated caspase 7, resulting in apoptosis. Coronaviruses also reduced OCR, decreased ETC Complex I activity and lowered ATP levels in AEC. M protein transduction also increased mPTP opening. In human PASMC, M and Nsp9 proteins inhibited HPV. In MHV-1 pneumonia, infected AEC displayed apoptosis and HPV was suppressed. BAY K8644, a calcium channel agonist, increased HPV and improved SpO2. Conclusions Coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2, cause AEC apoptosis, mitochondrial fission, and bioenergetic impairment. SARS-CoV-2 also suppresses HPV by targeting mitochondria. This mitochondriopathy is replicated by transduction with SARS-CoV-2 proteins, indicating a mechanistic role for viral-host mitochondrial protein interactions. Mitochondriopathy is a conserved feature of coronaviral pneumonia that may exacerbate hypoxemia and constitutes a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen L. Archer
- Department of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada,Queen’s Cardiopulmonary Unit (QCPU), Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada,Corresponding author. Head Department of Medicine, Queen's University Etherington Hall, Room 3041 94 Stuart St., Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Asish Dasgupta
- Department of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Kuang-Hueih Chen
- Department of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Danchen Wu
- Department of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Kaushal Baid
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - John E. Mamatis
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Victoria Gonzalez
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada,Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Austin Read
- Department of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | | | - Ashley Y. Martin
- Department of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | | | - Kimberly J. Dunham-Snary
- Department of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada,Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Gerald A. Evans
- Department of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Gary Levy
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Oliver Jones
- Queen’s Cardiopulmonary Unit (QCPU), Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Ruaa Al-Qazazi
- Department of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Brooke Ring
- Queen’s Cardiopulmonary Unit (QCPU), Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Elahe Alizadeh
- Queen’s Cardiopulmonary Unit (QCPU), Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | | | - Jenna Rossi
- Department of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Patricia DA. Lima
- Queen’s Cardiopulmonary Unit (QCPU), Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Darryl Falzarano
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada,Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Arinjay Banerjee
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada,Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon, SK, Canada,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,Department of Biology, University of Waterloo; Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Che C. Colpitts
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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16
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Nan FY, Wu CJ, Su JH, Ma LQ. Potential mouse models of coronavirus-related immune injury. Front Immunol 2022; 13:943783. [PMID: 36119040 PMCID: PMC9478437 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.943783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Basic research for prevention and treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), continues worldwide. In particular, multiple newly reported cases of autoimmune-related diseases after COVID-19 require further research on coronavirus-related immune injury. However, owing to the strong infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 and the high mortality rate, it is difficult to perform relevant research in humans. Here, we reviewed animal models, specifically mice with coronavirus-related immune disorders and immune damage, considering aspects of coronavirus replacement, viral modification, spike protein, and gene fragments. The evaluation of mouse models of coronavirus-related immune injury may help establish a standardised animal model that could be employed in various areas of research, such as disease occurrence and development processes, vaccine effectiveness assessment, and treatments for coronavirus-related immune disorders. COVID-19 is a complex disease and animal models cannot comprehensively summarise the disease process. The application of genetic technology may change this status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Yao Nan
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Cai-Jun Wu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Institute of Sepsis, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Hui Su
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lin-Qin Ma
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Institute of Sepsis, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Lin-Qin Ma,
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17
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Sun Y, Gong L, Yin Y, Zhang L, Sun Q, Feng K, Cui Y, Zhang Q, Zhang X, Deng X, You F, Lu D, Lin Z. A Gradient pH-Sensitive Polymer-Based Antiviral Strategy via Viroporin-Induced Membrane Acidification. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2109580. [PMID: 35229371 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202109580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lipid-membrane-targeting strategies hold great promise to develop broad-spectrum antivirals. However, it remains a big challenge to identify novel membrane-based targets of viruses and virus-infected cells for development of precision targeted approaches. Here, it is discovered that viroporins, viral-encoded ion channels, which have been reported to mediate release of hydrogen ions, trigger membrane acidification of virus-infected cells. Through development of a fine-scale library of gradient pH-sensitive (GPS) polymeric nanoprobes, the cellular membrane pH transitions are measured from pH 6.8-7.1 (uninfection) to pH 6.5-6.8 (virus-infection). In response to the subtle pH alterations, the GPS polymer with sharp response at pH 6.8 (GPS6.8 ) selectively binds to virus-infected cell membranes or the viral envelope, and even completely disrupts the viral envelope. Accordingly, GPS6.8 treatment exerts suppressive effects on a wide variety of viruses including SARS-CoV-2 through triggering viral-envelope lysis rather than affecting immune pathway or viability of host cells. Murine viral-infection models exhibit that supplementation of GPS6.8 decreases viral titers and ameliorates inflammatory damage. Thus, the gradient pH-sensitive nanotechnology offers a promising strategy for accurate detection of biological pH environments and robust interference with viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhe Sun
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Lidong Gong
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Yue Yin
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Qiangming Sun
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, 65018, P. R. China
| | - Kai Feng
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, 65018, P. R. China
| | - Yimin Cui
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xuehui Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Xuliang Deng
- National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Fuping You
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Dan Lu
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Lin
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
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18
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Onyenwoke RU, Leung T, Huang X, Parker D, Shipman JG, Alhadyan SK, Sivaraman V. An assessment of vaping-induced inflammation and toxicity: A feasibility study using a 2-stage zebrafish and mouse platform. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 163:112923. [PMID: 35318090 PMCID: PMC9018621 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.112923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
It is currently understood that tobacco smoking is a major cause of pulmonary disease due to pulmonary/lung inflammation. However, due to a highly dynamic market place and an abundance of diverse products, less is known about the effects of e-cigarette (E-cig) use on the lung. In addition, varieties of E-cig liquids (e-liquids), which deliver nicotine and numerous flavor chemicals into the lungs, now number in the 1000s. Thus, a critical need exists for safety evaluations of these E-cig products. Herein, we employed a "2-stage in vivo screening platform" (zebrafish to mouse) to assess the safety profiles of e-liquids. Using the zebrafish, we collected embryo survival data after e-liquid exposure as well as neutrophil migration data, a key hallmark for a pro-inflammatory response. Our data indicate that certain e-liquids induce an inflammatory response in our zebrafish model and that e-liquid exposure alone results in pro-inflammatory lung responses in our C57BL/6J model, data collected from lung staining and ELISA analysis, respectively, in the mouse. Thus, our platform can be used as an initial assessment to ascertain the safety profiles of e-liquid using acute inflammatory responses (zebrafish, Stage 1) as our initial metric followed by chronic studies (C57BL/6J, Stage 2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob U Onyenwoke
- Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise (BRITE), North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, 27707, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, 27707, USA
| | - TinChung Leung
- The Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA; Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, 27707, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Huang
- The Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA
| | - De'Jana Parker
- Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, 27707, USA
| | - Jeffrey G Shipman
- Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, 27707, USA
| | - Shatha K Alhadyan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, 27707, USA
| | - Vijay Sivaraman
- Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, 27707, USA.
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19
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Fang Y, Guo Y, Gao T, Han X, Jiang Y, Li M, Xue W, Yang B, Cui Y, Sun S, Zhao G. A Dual Role of Complement Activation in the Development of Fulminant Hepatic Failure Induced by Murine-Beta-Coronavirus Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:880915. [PMID: 35573780 PMCID: PMC9099255 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.880915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
With the epidemic of betacoronavirus increasing frequently, it poses a great threat to human public health. Therefore, the research on the pathogenic mechanism of betacoronavirus is becoming greatly important. Murine hepatitis virus strain-3 (MHV-3) is a strain of betacoronavirus which cause tissue damage especially fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) in mice, and is commonly used to establish models of acute liver injury. Recently, MHV-3-infected mice have also been introduced to a mouse model of COVID-19 that does not require a Biosafety Level 3 (BSL-3) facility. FHF induced by MHV-3 is a type of severe liver damage imbalanced by regenerative hepatocellular activity, which is related to numerous factors. The complement system plays an important role in host defense and inflammation and is involved in first-line immunity and/or pathogenesis of severe organ disorders. In this study, we investigated the role of aberrant complement activation in MHV-3 infection-induced FHF by strategies that use C3-deficient mice and intervene in the complement system. Our results showed that mice deficient in C3 had more severe liver damage, a higher viral load in the liver and higher serum concentrations of inflammatory cytokines than wild-type controls. Treatment of C57BL/6 mice with C3aR antagonist or anti-C5aR antibody reduced liver damage, viral load, and serum IFN-γ concentration compared with the control group. These findings indicated that complement system acts as a double-edged sword during acute MHV-3 infection. However, its dysregulated activation leads to sustained inflammatory responses and induces extensive liver damage. Collectively, by investigating the role of complement activation in MHV-3 infection, we can further understand the pathogenic mechanism of betacoronavirus, and appropriate regulation of immune responses by fine-tuning complement activation may be an intervention for the treatment of diseases induced by betacoronavirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tongtong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuelian Han
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuting Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Binhui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yujun Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Guangyu Zhao, ; Shihui Sun, ; Yujun Cui,
| | - Shihui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Guangyu Zhao, ; Shihui Sun, ; Yujun Cui,
| | - Guangyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Guangyu Zhao, ; Shihui Sun, ; Yujun Cui,
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20
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Li N, Huang C, Chen W, Li Z, Hu G, Li G, Liu P, Hu R, Zhuang Y, Luo J, Gao X, Guo X. Nephropathogenic Infectious Bronchitis Virus Mediates Kidney Injury in Chickens via the TLR7/NF-κB Signaling Axis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:865283. [PMID: 35402297 PMCID: PMC8983847 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.865283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus (NIBV) is one of the most important viral pathogens in the world poultry industry. Here, we used RT–qPCR, WB and immunofluorescence to explore the interaction between NIBV and the host innate immune system of the kidney. Multiple virions were found in the kidney tissues of the disease group under electron microscopy, and pathological changes such as structural damage of renal tubules and bleeding were observed by HE staining. In addition, we found that the mRNA levels of TLR7, TRAF6, and IKKβ were upregulated after NIBV infection. IRF7 mRNA levels decreased significantly at 5 dpi and increased significantly at 11 to 18 dpi. The NF-κB P65 mRNA level increased significantly at 5 to 18 dpi and decreased at 28 dpi. However, NIBV infection-induced NF-κB P65 protein levels were downregulated at multiple time points. Moreover, we demonstrated that the cytokine (IFN-γ, IL-8, and IL-6) mRNA and protein expression levels were increased significantly at multiple time points after NIBV infection. Furthermore, immunofluorescence analysis showed that NF-κB P65 and IFN-γ were mainly located in the nuclear or perinuclear region. The positive signal intensity of NF-κB P65 was significantly lower than that of the normal group at 1 to 5 dpi, and there was no significant change in the subsequent time period. The positive signal intensity of IFN-γ decreased significantly at 5 dpi, and increased significantly at 11 to 28 dpi. In conclusion, we found that NIBV promoted cytokine release through the TLR7/NF-κB signaling axis, thus causing kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiaona Gao
- *Correspondence: Xiaoquan Guo, ; Xiaona Gao,
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21
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Sharma L, Peng X, Qing H, Hilliard BK, Kim J, Swaminathan A, Tian J, Israni-Winger K, Zhang C, Habet V, Wang L, Gupta G, Tian X, Ma Y, Shin HJ, Kim SH, Kang MJ, Ishibe S, Young LH, Kotenko S, Compton S, Wilen CB, Wang A, Dela Cruz CS. Distinct Roles of Type I and Type III Interferons during a Native Murine β Coronavirus Lung Infection. J Virol 2022; 96:e0124121. [PMID: 34705554 PMCID: PMC8791255 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01241-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronaviruses are a major health care threat to humankind. Currently, the host factors that contribute to limit disease severity in healthy young patients are not well defined. Interferons are key antiviral molecules, especially type I and type III interferons. The role of these interferons during coronavirus disease is a subject of debate. Here, using mice that are deficient in type I (IFNAR1-/-), type III (IFNLR1-/-), or both (IFNAR1/LR1-/-) interferon signaling pathways and murine-adapted coronavirus (MHV-A59) administered through the intranasal route, we define the role of interferons in coronavirus infection. We show that type I interferons play a major role in host survival in this model, while a minimal role of type III interferons was manifested only in the absence of type I interferons or during a lethal dose of coronavirus. IFNAR1-/- and IFNAR1/LR1-/- mice had an uncontrolled viral burden in the airways and lung and increased viral dissemination to other organs. The absence of only type III interferon signaling had no measurable difference in the viral load. The increased viral load in IFNAR1-/- and IFNAR1/LR1-/- mice was associated with increased tissue injury, especially evident in the lung and liver. Type I but not type III interferon treatment was able to promote survival if treated during early disease. Further, we show that type I interferon signaling in macrophages contributes to the beneficial effects during coronavirus infection in mice. IMPORTANCE The antiviral and pathological potential of type I and type III interferons during coronavirus infection remains poorly defined, and opposite findings have been reported. We report that both type I and type III interferons have anticoronaviral activities, but their potency and organ specificity differ. Type I interferon deficiency rendered the mice susceptible to even a sublethal murine coronavirus infection, while the type III interferon deficiency impaired survival only during a lethal infection or during a sublethal infection in the absence of type I interferon signaling. While treatment with both type I and III interferons promoted viral clearance in the airways and lung, only type I interferons promoted the viral clearance in the liver and improved host survival upon early treatment (12 h postinfection). This study demonstrates distinct roles and potency of type I and type III interferons and their therapeutic potential during coronavirus lung infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lokesh Sharma
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Xiaohua Peng
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hua Qing
- Section of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Brandon K. Hilliard
- Section of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jooyoung Kim
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Anush Swaminathan
- Section of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Justin Tian
- Section of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kavita Israni-Winger
- Section of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Cuiling Zhang
- Section of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Victoria Habet
- Section of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Lin Wang
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Gayatri Gupta
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Xuefei Tian
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Yina Ma
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Hyeon-Jun Shin
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sang-Hun Kim
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Min-Jong Kang
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Shuta Ishibe
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Lawrence H. Young
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sergei Kotenko
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Susan Compton
- Molecular and Serological Diagnostics, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Craig B. Wilen
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Andrew Wang
- Section of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Charles S. Dela Cruz
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Sun L, Zhao C, Fu Z, Fu Y, Su Z, Li Y, Zhou Y, Tan Y, Li J, Xiang Y, Nie X, Zhang J, Liu F, Zhao S, Xie S, Peng G. Genome-scale CRISPR screen identifies TMEM41B as a multi-function host factor required for coronavirus replication. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1010113. [PMID: 34871328 PMCID: PMC8675922 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging coronaviruses (CoVs) pose a severe threat to human and animal health worldwide. To identify host factors required for CoV infection, we used α-CoV transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) as a model for genome-scale CRISPR knockout (KO) screening. Transmembrane protein 41B (TMEM41B) was found to be a bona fide host factor involved in infection by CoV and three additional virus families. We found that TMEM41B is critical for the internalization and early-stage replication of TGEV. Notably, our results also showed that cells lacking TMEM41B are unable to form the double-membrane vesicles necessary for TGEV replication, indicating that TMEM41B contributes to the formation of CoV replication organelles. Lastly, our data from a mouse infection model showed that the KO of this factor can strongly inhibit viral infection and delay the progression of a CoV disease. Our study revealed that targeting TMEM41B is a highly promising approach for the development of broad-spectrum anti-viral therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limeng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Changzhi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Lab of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Yanan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Zhelin Su
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Yangyang Li
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety & Single Molecule Nanometry Laboratory (Sinmolab), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Lab of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Yubei Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Jingjin Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Lab of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Yixin Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Xiongwei Nie
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Lab of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Jinfu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Lab of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Fei Liu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety & Single Molecule Nanometry Laboratory (Sinmolab), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Shuhong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Lab of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Shengsong Xie
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Lab of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (SX); (GP)
| | - Guiqing Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (SX); (GP)
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Xia H, Zhang Z, You F. Inhibiting ACSL1-Related Ferroptosis Restrains Murine Coronavirus Infection. Viruses 2021; 13:2383. [PMID: 34960652 PMCID: PMC8708337 DOI: 10.3390/v13122383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Murine hepatitis virus strain A59 (MHV-A59) was shown to induce pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis of infected cells, especially in the murine macrophages. However, whether ferroptosis, a recently identified form of lytic cell death, was involved in the pathogenicity of MHV-A59 is unknown. We utilized murine macrophages and a C57BL/6 mice intranasal infection model to address this. In primary macrophages, the ferroptosis inhibitor inhibited viral propagation, inflammatory cytokines released, and cell syncytia formed after MHV-A59 infection. In the mouse model, we found that in vivo administration of liproxstatin-1 ameliorated lung inflammation and tissue injuries caused by MHV-A59 infection. To find how MHV-A59 infection influenced the expression of ferroptosis-related genes, we performed RNA-seq in primary macrophages and found that MHV-A59 infection upregulates the expression of the acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 1 (ACSL1), a novel ferroptosis inducer. Using ferroptosis inhibitors and a TLR4 inhibitor, we showed that MHV-A59 resulted in the NF-kB-dependent, TLR4-independent ACSL1 upregulation. Accordingly, ACSL1 inhibitor Triacsin C suppressed MHV-A59-infection-induced syncytia formation and viral propagation in primary macrophages. Collectively, our study indicates that ferroptosis inhibition protects hosts from MHV-A59 infection. Targeting ferroptosis may serve as a potential treatment approach for dealing with hyper-inflammation induced by coronavirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fuping You
- Department of Systems Biomedicine, Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; (H.X.); (Z.Z.)
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24
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Andrade ACDSP, Campolina-Silva GH, Queiroz-Junior CM, de Oliveira LC, Lacerda LDSB, Pimenta JC, de Souza FRO, de Meira Chaves I, Passos IB, Teixeira DC, Bittencourt-Silva PG, Valadão PAC, Rossi-Oliveira L, Antunes MM, Figueiredo AFA, Wnuk NT, Temerozo JR, Ferreira AC, Cramer A, Oliveira CA, Durães-Carvalho R, Weis Arns C, Guimarães PPG, Costa GMJ, de Menezes GB, Guatimosim C, da Silva GSF, Souza TML, Barrioni BR, Pereira MDM, de Sousa LP, Teixeira MM, Costa VV. A Biosafety Level 2 Mouse Model for Studying Betacoronavirus-Induced Acute Lung Damage and Systemic Manifestations. J Virol 2021; 95:e0127621. [PMID: 34495692 PMCID: PMC8549505 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01276-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of life-threatening zoonotic diseases caused by betacoronaviruses, including the ongoing coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic, has highlighted the need for developing preclinical models mirroring respiratory and systemic pathophysiological manifestations seen in infected humans. Here, we showed that C57BL/6J wild-type mice intranasally inoculated with the murine betacoronavirus murine hepatitis coronavirus 3 (MHV-3) develop a robust inflammatory response leading to acute lung injuries, including alveolar edema, hemorrhage, and fibrin thrombi. Although such histopathological changes seemed to resolve as the infection advanced, they efficiently impaired respiratory function, as the infected mice displayed restricted lung distention and increased respiratory frequency and ventilation. Following respiratory manifestation, the MHV-3 infection became systemic, and a high virus burden could be detected in multiple organs along with morphological changes. The systemic manifestation of MHV-3 infection was also marked by a sharp drop in the number of circulating platelets and lymphocytes, besides the augmented concentration of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-12, gamma interferon (IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF), thereby mirroring some clinical features observed in moderate and severe cases of COVID-19. Importantly, both respiratory and systemic changes triggered by MHV-3 infection were greatly prevented by blocking TNF signaling, either via genetic or pharmacologic approaches. In line with this, TNF blockage also diminished the infection-mediated release of proinflammatory cytokines and virus replication of human epithelial lung cells infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Collectively, results show that MHV-3 respiratory infection leads to a large range of clinical manifestations in mice and may constitute an attractive, lower-cost, biosafety level 2 (BSL2) in vivo platform for evaluating the respiratory and multiorgan involvement of betacoronavirus infections. IMPORTANCE Mouse models have long been used as valuable in vivo platforms to investigate the pathogenesis of viral infections and effective countermeasures. The natural resistance of mice to the novel betacoronavirus SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19, has launched a race toward the characterization of SARS-CoV-2 infection in other animals (e.g., hamsters, cats, ferrets, bats, and monkeys), as well as adaptation of the mouse model, by modifying either the host or the virus. In the present study, we utilized a natural pathogen of mice, MHV, as a prototype to model betacoronavirus-induced acute lung injure and multiorgan involvement under biosafety level 2 conditions. We showed that C57BL/6J mice intranasally inoculated with MHV-3 develops severe disease, which includes acute lung damage and respiratory distress that precede systemic inflammation and death. Accordingly, the proposed animal model may provide a useful tool for studies regarding betacoronavirus respiratory infection and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriel Henrique Campolina-Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Celso Martins Queiroz-Junior
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Camilo de Oliveira
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Jordane C Pimenta
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Ian de Meira Chaves
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ingredy Beatriz Passos
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Danielle Cunha Teixeira
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Paloma Graziele Bittencourt-Silva
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Leonardo Rossi-Oliveira
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Maisa Mota Antunes
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - André Felipe Almeida Figueiredo
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Natália Teixeira Wnuk
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Jairo R. Temerozo
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- National Institute for Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - André Costa Ferreira
- National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation on Diseases of Neglected Populations (INCT/IDNP), Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Immunopharmacology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Pré-clínicas, Universidade Iguaçu (UNIG), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Allysson Cramer
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Cleida Aparecida Oliveira
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Clarice Weis Arns
- Laboratory of Virology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Pedro Pires Goulart Guimarães
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Mattos Jardim Costa
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Batista de Menezes
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Cristina Guatimosim
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Glauber Santos Ferreira da Silva
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Thiago Moreno L. Souza
- National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation on Diseases of Neglected Populations (INCT/IDNP), Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Immunopharmacology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Breno Rocha Barrioni
- Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials, Federal University of Minas Gerais, School of Engineering, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Marivalda de Magalhães Pereira
- Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials, Federal University of Minas Gerais, School of Engineering, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Lirlândia Pires de Sousa
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Mauro Martins Teixeira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Vivian Vasconcelos Costa
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Abstract
Coronaviruses infect humans and a wide range of animals, causing predominantly respiratory and intestinal infections. This review provides background on the taxonomy of coronaviruses, the functions of viral proteins, and the life cycle of coronaviruses. In addition, the review focuses on coronaviral diseases in several agriculturally important, companion, and laboratory animal species (cats, cattle, chickens, dogs, mice, rats and swine) and briefly reviews human coronaviruses and their origins.
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Shet M, Hong R, Igo D, Cataldo M, Bhaskar S. In Vitro Evaluation of the Virucidal Activity of Different Povidone-Iodine Formulations Against Murine and Human Coronaviruses. Infect Dis Ther 2021; 10:2777-2790. [PMID: 34581973 PMCID: PMC8477977 DOI: 10.1007/s40121-021-00536-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Polyvinylpyrrolidone–iodine (PVP-I) demonstrates broad-spectrum anti-infective activity and is available in different formulations for oral rinse and topical use in medical and personal care settings. The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has underscored the need to supplement available preventive strategies. Methods We assessed virucidal activity of PVP-I formulations, including 0.5% (w/v) solution, 5.0% (w/v) solution, 7.5% (w/v) scrub, and 10.0% (w/v) solution, versus placebos when challenged with coronaviruses in two in vitro studies. Murine coronavirus strain A59 (American Type Culture Collection [ATCC]® VR-764™), human coronavirus strain OC43 (ZeptoMetrix Corp. #0810024CF), human coronavirus strain NL63 (ZeptoMetrix Corp. #0810228CF), and human coronavirus strain 229E (ATCC® VR-740™) were used as surrogates for SARS-CoV-2. Both studies used the American Society for Testing and Materials in vitro time-kill method. Results All active PVP-I formulations in study 1 demonstrated virucidal activity at 15 s, with mean log10 reduction of greater than 4.56 or greater than 99.99% inactivation; a cytotoxic effect against the National Collection of Type Cultures clone 1469 host cells was observed with 5.0% (w/v) solution, 7.5% (w/v) scrub, and 10.0% (w/v) solution. Active PVP-I formulations in study 2 demonstrated effective virucidal activity against coronaviruses in less than 15 s; log10 reduction in viral titer for each coronavirus strain was consistently higher for 10.0% (w/v) solution and 0.5% (w/v) solution versus 7.5% (w/v) scrub. Conclusion Both studies demonstrated in vitro virucidal activity of PVP-I formulations when challenged with SARS-CoV-2 surrogate coronaviruses. Although promising, further investigations are needed to evaluate SARS-CoV-2 inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjunath Shet
- Imbrium Therapeutics, 201 Tresser Blvd, Stamford, CT, 06901, USA
| | - Rosa Hong
- Avrio Health L.P., 201 Tresser Blvd, Stamford, CT, 06901, USA
| | - David Igo
- Imbrium Therapeutics, 201 Tresser Blvd, Stamford, CT, 06901, USA
| | - Marc Cataldo
- Purdue Pharma L.P., 201 Tresser Blvd, Stamford, CT, 06901, USA.
| | - Sailaja Bhaskar
- Imbrium Therapeutics, 201 Tresser Blvd, Stamford, CT, 06901, USA
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Coronavirus induces diabetic macrophage-mediated inflammation via SETDB2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2101071118. [PMID: 34479991 PMCID: PMC8463849 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2101071118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected patients with comorbidities, namely, obesity and type 2 diabetes. Macrophages (Mφs) are a key innate immune cell primarily responsible for the harmful, hyperinflammatory “cytokine storm” in patients that develop severe COVID-19. We describe a mechanism for this Mφ-mediated cytokine storm in response to coronavirus. In response to coronavirus infection, expression of the chromatin-modifying enzyme, SETDB2, decreases in Mφs, leading to increased transcription of inflammatory cytokines. Further, we find SETDB2 is regulated by an interferon beta (IFNβ)/JaK/STAT3 mechanism, and that exogenous administration of IFNβ can reverse inflammation, particularly in diabetic Mφs via an increase in SETDB2. Together, these results suggest therapeutic targeting of the IFNβ/SETDB2 axis in diabetic patients with COVID-19 may decrease pathologic inflammation. COVID-19 induces a robust, extended inflammatory “cytokine storm” that contributes to an increased morbidity and mortality, particularly in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Macrophages are a key innate immune cell population responsible for the cytokine storm that has been shown, in T2D, to promote excess inflammation in response to infection. Using peripheral monocytes and sera from human patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and a murine hepatitis coronavirus (MHV-A59) (an established murine model of SARS), we identified that coronavirus induces an increased Mφ-mediated inflammatory response due to a coronavirus-induced decrease in the histone methyltransferase, SETDB2. This decrease in SETDB2 upon coronavirus infection results in a decrease of the repressive trimethylation of histone 3 lysine 9 (H3K9me3) at NFkB binding sites on inflammatory gene promoters, effectively increasing inflammation. Mφs isolated from mice with a myeloid-specific deletion of SETDB2 displayed increased pathologic inflammation following coronavirus infection. Further, IFNβ directly regulates SETDB2 in Mφs via JaK1/STAT3 signaling, as blockade of this pathway altered SETDB2 and the inflammatory response to coronavirus infection. Importantly, we also found that loss of SETDB2 mediates an increased inflammatory response in diabetic Mϕs in response to coronavirus infection. Treatment of coronavirus-infected diabetic Mφs with IFNβ reversed the inflammatory cytokine production via up-regulation of SETDB2/H3K9me3 on inflammatory gene promoters. Together, these results describe a potential mechanism for the increased Mφ-mediated cytokine storm in patients with T2D in response to COVID-19 and suggest that therapeutic targeting of the IFNβ/SETDB2 axis in T2D patients may decrease pathologic inflammation associated with COVID-19.
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Yasir M, Kumar Vijay A, Willcox M. Antiviral effect of multipurpose contact lens disinfecting solutions against coronavirus. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2021; 45:101513. [PMID: 34465537 PMCID: PMC8390374 DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2021.101513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the antiviral potential of five multipurpose disinfecting solutions against coronavirus (mouse hepatitis virus, a surrogate for SARS-CoV-2 human corona virus). Methods Test solutions (Biotrue, renu Advanced [Bausch and Lomb], ACUVUE RevitaLens [Johnson and Johnson Vision], cleadew [Ophtecs corp.] or AOSept Plus [Alcon]) were mixed with the coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus at 104 plaque forming units (PFU)/mL as the final concentration and incubated at room temperature for the specified disinfection time. Surviving virus from each sample was then quantified by standard plaque forming unit assay and the reduction of PFU for each disinfectant was compared to the phosphate buffer saline (PBS) treated negative control. A regimen test was also conducted using Biotrue. Results The three multipurpose disinfecting solutions Biotrue (containing PHMB and polyquaternium-1), renu Advanced (PHMB, polyquaternium-1 and alexidine) and ACUVUE RevitaLens (polyquaternium-1 and alexidine) did not kill the coronavirus at the manufacturers recommended disinfection time in the stand alone test. After treatment, the virus’s titer (3.8 ± 0.2 log10 for Biotrue, 3.7 ± 0.1 log10 for renu and 3.7 ± 0.2 log10 for RevitaLens) was similar to the negative control (3.7 ± 0.1 log10; p ≥ 0.996). AOSept Plus (hydrogen peroxide) and cleadew (povidone iodine) significantly (p < 0.001) reduced the numbers of coronaviruses to below the detection limit (i.e. killed 3.7 ± 0.1 log10 viruses compared to control). However, there was a significant reduction (p = 0.028) in numbers of coronaviruses attached to lenses when using the regimen test with Biotrue. Conclusions This study shows that oxidative contact lens disinfecting solutions (i.e. those containing povidone-iodine or hydrogen peroxide) provide superior antiviral activity against a coronavirus surrogate of SARS-CoV-2, unless the full regimen test (rub, rinse, disinfect) is used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Yasir
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Ajay Kumar Vijay
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Mark Willcox
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia.
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Ryu S, Shchukina I, Youm YH, Qing H, Hilliard B, Dlugos T, Zhang X, Yasumoto Y, Booth CJ, Fernández-Hernando C, Suárez Y, Khanna K, Horvath TL, Dietrich MO, Artyomov M, Wang A, Dixit VD. Ketogenic diet restrains aging-induced exacerbation of coronavirus infection in mice. eLife 2021; 10:e66522. [PMID: 34151773 PMCID: PMC8245129 DOI: 10.7554/elife.66522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing age is the strongest predictor of risk of COVID-19 severity and mortality. Immunometabolic switch from glycolysis to ketolysis protects against inflammatory damage and influenza infection in adults. To investigate how age compromises defense against coronavirus infection, and whether a pro-longevity ketogenic diet (KD) impacts immune surveillance, we developed an aging model of natural murine beta coronavirus (mCoV) infection with mouse hepatitis virus strain-A59 (MHV-A59). When inoculated intranasally, mCoV is pneumotropic and recapitulates several clinical hallmarks of COVID-19 infection. Aged mCoV-A59-infected mice have increased mortality and higher systemic inflammation in the heart, adipose tissue, and hypothalamus, including neutrophilia and loss of γδ T cells in lungs. Activation of ketogenesis in aged mice expands tissue protective γδ T cells, deactivates the NLRP3 inflammasome, and decreases pathogenic monocytes in lungs of infected aged mice. These data establish harnessing of the ketogenic immunometabolic checkpoint as a potential treatment against coronavirus infection in the aged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungjin Ryu
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
| | - Irina Shchukina
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of MedicineSt. LouisUnited States
| | - Yun-Hee Youm
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
| | - Hua Qing
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
| | - Brandon Hilliard
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
| | - Tamara Dlugos
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
| | - Xinbo Zhang
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
| | - Yuki Yasumoto
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
| | - Carmen J Booth
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
| | - Carlos Fernández-Hernando
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
| | - Yajaira Suárez
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
| | - Kamal Khanna
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Langone HealthNew YorkUnited States
| | - Tamas L Horvath
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
- Yale Center for Research on AgingNew HavenUnited States
| | - Marcelo O Dietrich
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
| | - Maxim Artyomov
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of MedicineSt. LouisUnited States
| | - Andrew Wang
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
| | - Vishwa Deep Dixit
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
- Yale Center for Research on AgingNew HavenUnited States
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30
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Tan Q, He L, Meng X, Wang W, Pan H, Yin W, Zhu T, Huang X, Shan H. Macrophage biomimetic nanocarriers for anti-inflammation and targeted antiviral treatment in COVID-19. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:173. [PMID: 34112203 PMCID: PMC8190731 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00926-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The worldwide pandemic of COVID-19 remains a serious public health menace as the lack of efficacious treatments. Cytokine storm syndrome (CSS) characterized with elevated inflammation and multi-organs failure is closely correlated with the bad outcome of COVID-19. Hence, inhibit the process of CSS by controlling excessive inflammation is considered one of the most promising ways for COVID-19 treatment. RESULTS Here, we developed a biomimetic nanocarrier based drug delivery system against COVID-19 via anti-inflammation and antiviral treatment simultaneously. Firstly, lopinavir (LPV) as model antiviral drug was loaded in the polymeric nanoparticles (PLGA-LPV NPs). Afterwards, macrophage membranes were coated on the PLGA-LPV NPs to constitute drugs loaded macrophage biomimetic nanocarriers (PLGA-LPV@M). In the study, PLGA-LPV@M could neutralize multiple proinflammatory cytokines and effectively suppress the activation of macrophages and neutrophils. Furthermore, the formation of NETs induced by COVID-19 patients serum could be reduced by PLGA-LPV@M as well. In a mouse model of coronavirus infection, PLGA-LPV@M exhibited significant targeted ability to inflammation sites, and superior therapeutic efficacy in inflammation alleviation and tissues viral loads reduction. CONCLUSION Collectively, such macrophage biomimetic nanocarriers based drug delivery system showed favorable anti-inflammation and targeted antiviral effects, which may possess a comprehensive therapeutic value in COVID-19 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqin Tan
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control, Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Lingjie He
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control, Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaojun Meng
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Hudan Pan
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, 999078, China
| | - Weiguo Yin
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511518, Guangdong, China
| | - Tianchuan Zhu
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Xi Huang
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China. .,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China. .,Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control, Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China. .,The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511518, Guangdong, China.
| | - Hong Shan
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China.
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31
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Zhao Z, Xiao Y, Xu L, Liu Y, Jiang G, Wang W, Li B, Zhu T, Tan Q, Tang L, Zhou H, Huang X, Shan H. Glycyrrhizic Acid Nanoparticles as Antiviral and Anti-inflammatory Agents for COVID-19 Treatment. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:20995-21006. [PMID: 33930273 PMCID: PMC8117399 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c02755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 has been diffusely pandemic around the world, characterized by massive morbidity and mortality. One of the remarkable threats associated with mortality may be the uncontrolled inflammatory processes, which were induced by SARS-CoV-2 in infected patients. As there are no specific drugs, exploiting safe and effective treatment strategies is an instant requirement to dwindle viral damage and relieve extreme inflammation simultaneously. Here, highly biocompatible glycyrrhizic acid (GA) nanoparticles (GANPs) were synthesized based on GA. In vitro investigations revealed that GANPs inhibit the proliferation of the murine coronavirus MHV-A59 and reduce proinflammatory cytokine production caused by MHV-A59 or the N protein of SARS-CoV-2. In an MHV-A59-induced surrogate mouse model of COVID-19, GANPs specifically target areas with severe inflammation, such as the lungs, which appeared to improve the accumulation of GANPs and enhance the effectiveness of the treatment. Further, GANPs also exert antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects, relieving organ damage and conferring a significant survival advantage to infected mice. Such a novel therapeutic agent can be readily manufactured into feasible treatment for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyan Zhao
- Center
for Infection and Immunity, The Fifth Affiliated
Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
- Guangdong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
- Southern
Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Yuchen Xiao
- Center
for Infection and Immunity, The Fifth Affiliated
Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Lingqing Xu
- Department
of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated
Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan
People’s Hospital, Qingyuan 511518, China
| | - Ye Liu
- Department
of Pathology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital
of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Guanmin Jiang
- Department
of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated
Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Center
for Infection and Immunity, The Fifth Affiliated
Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Bin Li
- Center
for Infection and Immunity, The Fifth Affiliated
Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Tianchuan Zhu
- Center
for Infection and Immunity, The Fifth Affiliated
Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Qingqin Tan
- Center
for Infection and Immunity, The Fifth Affiliated
Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Lantian Tang
- Center
for Infection and Immunity, The Fifth Affiliated
Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Haibo Zhou
- Department
of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated
Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan
People’s Hospital, Qingyuan 511518, China
| | - Xi Huang
- Center
for Infection and Immunity, The Fifth Affiliated
Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
- Guangdong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
- Southern
Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Hong Shan
- Center
for Infection and Immunity, The Fifth Affiliated
Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
- Guangdong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
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32
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Li B, Wang W, Song W, Zhao Z, Tan Q, Zhao Z, Tang L, Zhu T, Yin J, Bai J, Dong X, Tan S, Hu Q, Tang BZ, Huang X. Antiviral and Anti‐Inflammatory Treatment with Multifunctional Alveolar Macrophage‐Like Nanoparticles in a Surrogate Mouse Model of COVID‐19. ADVANCED SCIENCE 2021; 8:2003556. [PMCID: PMC8209923 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202003556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is continually worsening. Clinical treatment for COVID‐19 remains primarily supportive with no specific medicines or regimens. Here, the development of multifunctional alveolar macrophage (AM)‐like nanoparticles (NPs) with photothermal inactivation capability for COVID‐19 treatment is reported. The NPs, made by wrapping polymeric cores with AM membranes, display the same surface receptors as AMs, including the coronavirus receptor and multiple cytokine receptors. By acting as AM decoys, the NPs block coronavirus from host cell entry and absorb various proinflammatory cytokines, thus achieving combined antiviral and anti‐inflammatory treatment. To enhance the antiviral efficiency, an efficient photothermal material based on aggregation‐induced emission luminogens is doped into the NPs for virus photothermal disruption under near‐infrared (NIR) irradiation. In a surrogate mouse model of COVID‐19 caused by murine coronavirus, treatment with multifunctional AM‐like NPs with NIR irradiation decreases virus burden and cytokine levels, reduces lung damage and inflammation, and confers a significant survival advantage to the infected mice. Crucially, this therapeutic strategy may be clinically applied for the treatment of COVID‐19 at early stage through atomization inhalation of the NPs followed by NIR irradiation of the respiratory tract, thus alleviating infection progression and reducing transmission risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- Center for Infection and ImmunityGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical ImagingThe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityZhuhaiGuangdong519000China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong LaboratoryZhuhaiGuangdong519000China
| | - Wei Wang
- Center for Infection and ImmunityGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical ImagingThe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityZhuhaiGuangdong519000China
- Engineering Research Center of Tibetan Medicine Detection Technology, Ministry of EducationXizang Minzu UniversityXianyangShaanxi712082China
| | - Weifeng Song
- Center for Infection and ImmunityGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical ImagingThe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityZhuhaiGuangdong519000China
| | - Zheng Zhao
- Department of ChemistryThe Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayKowloonHong Kong999077China
| | - Qingqin Tan
- Center for Infection and ImmunityGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical ImagingThe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityZhuhaiGuangdong519000China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong LaboratoryZhuhaiGuangdong519000China
| | - Zhaoyan Zhao
- Center for Infection and ImmunityGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical ImagingThe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityZhuhaiGuangdong519000China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong LaboratoryZhuhaiGuangdong519000China
| | - Lantian Tang
- Center for Infection and ImmunityGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical ImagingThe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityZhuhaiGuangdong519000China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong LaboratoryZhuhaiGuangdong519000China
| | - Tianchuan Zhu
- Center for Infection and ImmunityGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical ImagingThe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityZhuhaiGuangdong519000China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong LaboratoryZhuhaiGuangdong519000China
| | - Jialing Yin
- Center for Infection and ImmunityGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical ImagingThe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityZhuhaiGuangdong519000China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong LaboratoryZhuhaiGuangdong519000China
| | - Jun Bai
- Center for Infection and ImmunityGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical ImagingThe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityZhuhaiGuangdong519000China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong LaboratoryZhuhaiGuangdong519000China
| | - Xin Dong
- Center for Infection and ImmunityGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical ImagingThe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityZhuhaiGuangdong519000China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong LaboratoryZhuhaiGuangdong519000China
| | - Siyi Tan
- Center for Infection and ImmunityGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical ImagingThe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityZhuhaiGuangdong519000China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong LaboratoryZhuhaiGuangdong519000China
| | - Qunying Hu
- Engineering Research Center of Tibetan Medicine Detection Technology, Ministry of EducationXizang Minzu UniversityXianyangShaanxi712082China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of ChemistryThe Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayKowloonHong Kong999077China
| | - Xi Huang
- Center for Infection and ImmunityGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical ImagingThe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityZhuhaiGuangdong519000China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong LaboratoryZhuhaiGuangdong519000China
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33
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Sivaraman V, Parker D, Zhang R, Jones MM, Onyenwoke RU. Vaping Exacerbates Coronavirus-Related Pulmonary Infection in a Murine Model. Front Physiol 2021; 12:634839. [PMID: 34040540 PMCID: PMC8143436 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.634839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Though the current preponderance of evidence indicates the toxicity associated with the smoking of tobacco products through conventional means, less is known about the role of "vaping" in respiratory disease. "Vaping" is described as the use of electronic cigarettes (E-Cigarettes or E-Cigs), which has only more recently been available to the public (∼10 years) but has quickly emerged as a popular means of tobacco consumption worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak as a global pandemic in March 2020. SARS-CoV-2 can easily be transmitted between people in close proximity through direct contact or respiratory droplets to develop coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19). Symptoms of COVID-19 range from a mild flu-like illness with high fever to severe respiratory distress syndrome and death. The risk factors for increased disease severity remain unclear. Herein, we utilize a murine-tropic coronavirus (beta coronavirus) MHV-A59 along with a mouse model and measures of pathology (lung weight/dry ratios and histopathology) and inflammation (ELISAs and cytokine array panels) to examine whether vaping may exacerbate the pulmonary disease severity of coronavirus disease. While vaping alone did result in some noted pathology, mice exposed with intranasal vaped e-liquid suffered more severe mortality due to pulmonary inflammation than controls when exposed to coronavirus infection. Our data suggest a role for vaping in increased coronavirus pulmonary disease in a mouse model. Furthermore, our data indicate that disease exacerbation may involve calcium (Ca2+) dysregulation, identifying a potential therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Sivaraman
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - De’Jana Parker
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Myles M. Jones
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Rob U. Onyenwoke
- Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, United States
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34
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Grabherr S, Ludewig B, Pikor NB. Insights into coronavirus immunity taught by the murine coronavirus. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:1062-1070. [PMID: 33687066 PMCID: PMC8250324 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Coronaviruses (CoVs) represent enveloped, ss RNA viruses with the ability to infect a range of vertebrates causing mainly lung, CNS, enteric, and hepatic disease. While the infection with human CoV is commonly associated with mild respiratory symptoms, the emergence of SARS‐CoV, MERS‐CoV, and SARS‐CoV‐2 highlights the potential for CoVs to cause severe respiratory and systemic disease. The devastating global health burden caused by SARS‐CoV‐2 has spawned countless studies seeking clinical correlates of disease severity and host susceptibility factors, revealing a complex network of antiviral immune circuits. The mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) is, like SARS‐CoV‐2, a beta‐CoV and is endemic in wild mice. Laboratory MHV strains have been extensively studied to reveal coronavirus virulence factors and elucidate host mechanisms of antiviral immunity. These are reviewed here with the aim to identify translational insights for SARS‐CoV‐2 learned from murine CoVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Grabherr
- Institute of Immunobiology, Medical Research Center, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Burkhard Ludewig
- Institute of Immunobiology, Medical Research Center, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland.,Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Natalia Barbara Pikor
- Institute of Immunobiology, Medical Research Center, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
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35
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Sun Y, Yin Y, Gong L, Liang Z, Zhu C, Ren C, Zheng N, Zhang Q, Liu H, Liu W, You F, Lu D, Lin Z. Manganese nanodepot augments host immune response against coronavirus. NANO RESEARCH 2021; 14:1260-1272. [PMID: 33391623 PMCID: PMC7770383 DOI: 10.1007/s12274-020-3243-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Interferon (IFN) responses are central to host defense against coronavirus and other virus infections. Manganese (Mn) is capable of inducing IFN production, but its applications are limited by nonspecific distributions and neurotoxicity. Here, we exploit chemical engineering strategy to fabricate a nanodepot of manganese (nanoMn) based on Mn2+. Compared with free Mn2+, nanoMn enhances cellular uptake and persistent release of Mn2+ in a pH-sensitive manner, thus strengthening IFN response and eliciting broad-spectrum antiviral effects in vitro and in vivo. Preferentially phagocytosed by macrophages, nanoMn promotes M1 macrophage polarization and recruits monocytes into inflammatory foci, eventually augmenting antiviral immunity and ameliorating coronavirus-induced tissue damage. Besides, nanoMn can also potentiate the development of virus-specific memory T cells and host adaptive immunity through facilitating antigen presentation, suggesting its potential as a vaccine adjuvant. Pharmacokinetic and safety evaluations uncover that nanoMn treatment hardly induces neuroinflammation through limiting neuronal accumulation of manganese. Therefore, nanoMn offers a simple, safe, and robust nanoparticle-based strategy against coronavirus. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL Supplementary material (RNA-seq data analysis, IFN and ISGs examination, in vitro viral infection, flow cytometry, ICP-MS, DHE staining, and detection of inflammatory factors) is available in the online version of this article at 10.1007/s12274-020-3243-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhe Sun
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Yue Yin
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Lidong Gong
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Zichao Liang
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Chuanda Zhu
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Caixia Ren
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Nan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), National Drug Clinical Trial Center, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142 China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Haibin Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Hospital, Urumchi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, 830002 China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Hospital, Urumchi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, 830002 China
| | - Fuping You
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Dan Lu
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Zhiqiang Lin
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191 China
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36
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Guo Q, Zhao Y, Li J, Liu J, Yang X, Guo X, Kuang M, Xia H, Zhang Z, Cao L, Luo Y, Bao L, Wang X, Wei X, Deng W, Wang N, Chen L, Chen J, Zhu H, Gao R, Qin C, Wang X, You F. Induction of alarmin S100A8/A9 mediates activation of aberrant neutrophils in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Cell Host Microbe 2020; 29:222-235.e4. [PMID: 33388094 PMCID: PMC7762710 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2020.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic poses an unprecedented public health crisis. Evidence suggests that SARS-CoV-2 infection causes dysregulation of the immune system. However, the unique signature of early immune responses remains elusive. We characterized the transcriptome of rhesus macaques and mice infected with SARS-CoV-2. Alarmin S100A8 was robustly induced in SARS-CoV-2-infected animal models as well as in COVID-19 patients. Paquinimod, a specific inhibitor of S100A8/A9, could rescue the pneumonia with substantial reduction of viral loads in SARS-CoV-2-infected mice. Remarkably, Paquinimod treatment resulted in almost 100% survival in a lethal model of mouse coronavirus infection using the mouse hepatitis virus (MHV). A group of neutrophils that contributes to the uncontrolled pathological damage and onset of COVID-19 was dramatically induced by coronavirus infection. Paquinimod treatment could reduce these neutrophils and regain anti-viral responses, unveiling key roles of S100A8/A9 and aberrant neutrophils in the pathogenesis of COVID-19, highlighting new opportunities for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qirui Guo
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yingchi Zhao
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Junhong Li
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, National Laboratory of Macromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangning Liu
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuhong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xuefei Guo
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Kuang
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Huawei Xia
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zeming Zhang
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Cao
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yujie Luo
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Linlin Bao
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xuemei Wei
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Deng
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, National Laboratory of Macromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Luoying Chen
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jingxuan Chen
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Gao
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chuan Qin
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiangxi Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, National Laboratory of Macromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Fuping You
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.
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Miller K, McGrath ME, Hu Z, Ariannejad S, Weston S, Frieman M, Jackson WT. Coronavirus interactions with the cellular autophagy machinery. Autophagy 2020; 16:2131-2139. [PMID: 32964796 PMCID: PMC7755319 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1817280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, is the most recent example of an emergent coronavirus that poses a significant threat to human health. Virus-host interactions play a major role in the viral life cycle and disease pathogenesis, and cellular pathways such as macroautophagy/autophagy prove to be either detrimental or beneficial to viral replication and maturation. Here, we describe the literature over the past twenty years describing autophagy-coronavirus interactions. There is evidence that many coronaviruses induce autophagy, although some of these viruses halt the progression of the pathway prior to autophagic degradation. In contrast, other coronaviruses usurp components of the autophagy pathway in a non-canonical fashion. Cataloging these virus-host interactions is crucial for understanding disease pathogenesis, especially with the global challenge of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19. With the recognition of autophagy inhibitors, including the controversial drug chloroquine, as possible treatments for COVID-19, understanding how autophagy affects the virus will be critical going forward. Abbreviations: 3-MA: 3-methyladenine (autophagy inhibitor); AKT/protein kinase B: AKT serine/threonine kinase; ATG: autophagy related; ATPase: adenosine triphosphatase; BMM: bone marrow macrophage; CGAS: cyclic GMP-AMP synthase; CHO: Chinese hamster ovary/cell line; CoV: coronaviruses; COVID-19: Coronavirus disease 2019; DMV: double-membrane vesicle; EAV: equine arteritis virus; EDEM1: ER degradation enhancing alpha-mannosidase like protein 1; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; ERAD: ER-associated degradation; GFP: green fluorescent protein; HCoV: human coronavirus; HIV: human immunodeficiency virus; HSV: herpes simplex virus; IBV: infectious bronchitis virus; IFN: interferon; LAMP1: lysosomal associated membrane protein 1; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MCoV: mouse coronavirus; MERS-CoV: Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus; MHV: mouse hepatitis virus; NBR1: NBR1 autophagy cargo receptor; CALCOCO2/NDP52: calcium binding and coiled-coil domain 2 (autophagy receptor that directs cargo to phagophores); nsp: non-structural protein; OS9: OS9 endoplasmic reticulum lectin; PEDV: porcine epidemic diarrhea virus; PtdIns3K: class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; PLP: papain-like protease; pMEF: primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts; SARS-CoV: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus; SKP2: S-phase kinase associated protein 2; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; STING1: stimulator of interferon response cGAMP interactor 1; ULK1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1; Vps: vacuolar protein sorting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn Miller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marisa E. McGrath
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zhiqiang Hu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sohha Ariannejad
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stuart Weston
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Matthew Frieman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - William T Jackson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Borges RC, Hohmann MS, Borghi SM. Dendritic cells in COVID-19 immunopathogenesis: insights for a possible role in determining disease outcome. Int Rev Immunol 2020; 40:108-125. [PMID: 33191813 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2020.1844195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of the COVID-19 pandemic. This novel coronavirus emerged in China, quickly spreading to more than 200 countries worldwide. Although most patients are only mildly ill or even asymptomatic, some develop severe pneumonia and become critically ill. One of the biggest unanswered questions is why some develop severe disease, whilst others do not. Insight on the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and the immune system and the contribution of dysfunctional immune responses to disease progression will be instrumental to the understanding of COVID-19 pathogenesis, risk factors for worst outcome, and rational design of effective therapies and vaccines. In this review we have gathered the knowledge available thus far on the epidemiology of SARS-COV-2 infection, focusing on the susceptibility of older individuals, SARS-CoV-2-host cell interaction during infection and the immune response directed at SARS-CoV-2. Dendritic cells act as crucial messengers linking innate and adaptative immunity against viral infections. Thus, this review also brings a focused discussion on the role of dendritic cells and their immune functions during SARS-CoV-2 infection and how immune evasion strategies of SARS-CoV-2 and advancing age mediate dendritic cell dysfunctions that contribute to COVID-19 pathogenesis and increased susceptibility to worst outcomes. This review brings to light the hypothesis that concomitant occurrence of dendritic cell dysfunction/cytopathic effects induced by SARS-CoV-2 and/or aging may influence disease outcome in the elderly. Lastly, a detailed discussion on the effects and mechanisms of action of drugs currently being tested for COVID-19 on the function of dendritic cells is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Cerqueira Borges
- Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, University Hospital, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Miriam Sayuri Hohmann
- Departament of Pathology, Biological Sciences Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Sergio Marques Borghi
- Departament of Pathology, Biological Sciences Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Center for Research in Health Sciences, University of Northern Paraná - Unopar, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
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Ryu S, Shchukina I, Youm YH, Qing H, Hilliard BK, Dlugos T, Zhang X, Yasumoto Y, Booth CJ, Fernández-Hernando C, Suárez Y, Khanna KM, Horvath TL, Dietrich MO, Artyomov MN, Wang A, Dixit VD. Ketogenesis restrains aging-induced exacerbation of COVID in a mouse model. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2020. [PMID: 33236006 DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.11.294363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Increasing age is the strongest predictor of risk of COVID-19 severity. Unregulated cytokine storm together with impaired immunometabolic response leads to highest mortality in elderly infected with SARS-CoV-2. To investigate how aging compromises defense against COVID-19, we developed a model of natural murine beta coronavirus (mCoV) infection with mouse hepatitis virus strain MHV-A59 (mCoV-A59) that recapitulated majority of clinical hallmarks of COVID-19. Aged mCoV-A59-infected mice have increased mortality and higher systemic inflammation in the heart, adipose tissue and hypothalamus, including neutrophilia and loss of γδ T cells in lungs. Ketogenic diet increases beta-hydroxybutyrate, expands tissue protective γδ T cells, deactivates the inflammasome and decreases pathogenic monocytes in lungs of infected aged mice. These data underscore the value of mCoV-A59 model to test mechanism and establishes harnessing of the ketogenic immunometabolic checkpoint as a potential treatment against COVID-19 in the elderly. Highlights - Natural MHV-A59 mouse coronavirus infection mimics COVID-19 in elderly.- Aged infected mice have systemic inflammation and inflammasome activation.- Murine beta coronavirus (mCoV) infection results in loss of pulmonary γδ T cells.- Ketones protect aged mice from infection by reducing inflammation. eTOC Blurb Elderly have the greatest risk of death from COVID-19. Here, Ryu et al report an aging mouse model of coronavirus infection that recapitulates clinical hallmarks of COVID-19 seen in elderly. The increased severity of infection in aged animals involved increased inflammasome activation and loss of γδ T cells that was corrected by ketogenic diet.
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Körner RW, Majjouti M, Alcazar MAA, Mahabir E. Of Mice and Men: The Coronavirus MHV and Mouse Models as a Translational Approach to Understand SARS-CoV-2. Viruses 2020; 12:E880. [PMID: 32806708 PMCID: PMC7471983 DOI: 10.3390/v12080880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The fatal acute respiratory coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Since COVID-19 was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020, infection and mortality rates have been rising steadily worldwide. The lack of a vaccine, as well as preventive and therapeutic strategies, emphasize the need to develop new strategies to mitigate SARS-CoV-2 transmission and pathogenesis. Since mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), and SARS-CoV-2 share a common genus, lessons learnt from MHV and SARS-CoV could offer mechanistic insights into SARS-CoV-2. This review provides a comprehensive review of MHV in mice and SARS-CoV-2 in humans, thereby highlighting further translational avenues in the development of innovative strategies in controlling the detrimental course of SARS-CoV-2. Specifically, we have focused on various aspects, including host species, organotropism, transmission, clinical disease, pathogenesis, control and therapy, MHV as a model for SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 as well as mouse models for infection with SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. While MHV in mice and SARS-CoV-2 in humans share various similarities, there are also differences that need to be addressed when studying murine models. Translational approaches, such as humanized mouse models are pivotal in studying the clinical course and pathology observed in COVID-19 patients. Lessons from prior murine studies on coronavirus, coupled with novel murine models could offer new promising avenues for treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W. Körner
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Mohamed Majjouti
- Comparative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Miguel A. Alejandre Alcazar
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Translational Experimental Pediatrics—Experimental Pulmonology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany;
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Institute for Lung Health, University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Esther Mahabir
- Comparative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany;
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41
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Lizardo-Thiebaud MJ, Cervantes-Alvarez E, Limon-de la Rosa N, Tejeda-Dominguez F, Palacios-Jimenez M, Méndez-Guerrero O, Delaye-Martinez M, Rodriguez-Alvarez F, Romero-Morales B, Liu WH, Huang CA, Kershenobich D, Navarro-Alvarez N. Direct or Collateral Liver Damage in SARS-CoV-2-Infected Patients. Semin Liver Dis 2020; 40:321-330. [PMID: 32886936 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1715108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Liver injury can result from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection with more than one-third of COVID-19 patients exhibiting elevated liver enzymes. Microvesicular steatosis, inflammation, vascular congestion, and thrombosis in the liver have been described in autopsy samples from COVID-19 patients. Several factors, including direct cytopathic effect of the virus, immune-mediated collateral damage, or an exacerbation of preexisting liver disease may contribute to liver pathology in COVID-19. Due to its immunological functions, the liver is an organ likely to participate in the viral response against SARS-CoV-2 and this may predispose it to injury. A better understanding of the mechanism contributing to liver injury is needed to develop and implement early measures to prevent serious liver damage in patients suffering from COVID-19. This review summarizes current reports of SARS-CoV-2 with an emphasis on how direct infection and subsequent severe inflammatory response may contribute to liver injury in patients with and without preexisting liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Lizardo-Thiebaud
- Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad Panamericana, School of Medicine, Campus México, Mexico City
| | - Eduardo Cervantes-Alvarez
- Department of Gastroenterology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico.,PECEM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Nathaly Limon-de la Rosa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Farid Tejeda-Dominguez
- Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad Panamericana, School of Medicine, Campus México, Mexico City
| | - Mildred Palacios-Jimenez
- Department of Gastroenterology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico.,Department of Medicine, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Osvely Méndez-Guerrero
- Department of Gastroenterology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marco Delaye-Martinez
- Department of Gastroenterology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico.,PECEM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fatima Rodriguez-Alvarez
- Department of Gastroenterology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico.,Department of Medicine, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Beatriz Romero-Morales
- Department of Gastroenterology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Wei-Hui Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Christene A Huang
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, Colorado
| | - David Kershenobich
- Department of Gastroenterology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Nalu Navarro-Alvarez
- Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad Panamericana, School of Medicine, Campus México, Mexico City.,Department of Gastroenterology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico.,Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, Colorado
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42
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Cui W, Cui S, Chen C, Chen X, Wang Z, Yang H, Zhang L. The crystal structure of main protease from mouse hepatitis virus A59 in complex with an inhibitor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 511:794-799. [PMID: 30833083 PMCID: PMC7185540 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.02.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Mouse hepatitis virus A59 (MHV-A59) is a representative member of the genus betacoronavirus within the subfamily Coronavirinae, which infects the liver, brain and respiratory tract. Through different inoculation routes, MHV-A59 can provide animal models for encephalitis, hepatitis and pneumonia to explore viral life machinery and virus-host interactions. In viral replication, non-structural protein 5 (Nsp5), also termed main protease (Mpro), plays a dominant role in processing coronavirus-encoded polyproteins and is thus recognized as an ideal target of anti-coronavirus agents. However, no structure of the MHV-A59 Mpro has been reported, and molecular exploration of the catalysis mechanism remains hindered. Here, we solved the crystal structure of the MHV-A59 Mpro complexed with a Michael acceptor-based inhibitor, N3. Structural analysis revealed that the Cβ of the vinyl group of N3 covalently bound to C145 of the catalytic dyad of Mpro, which irreversibly inactivated cysteine protease activity. The lactam ring of the P1 side chain and the isobutyl group of the P2 side chain, which mimic the conserved residues at the same positions of the substrate, fit well into the S1 and S2 pockets. Through a comparative study with Mpro of other coronaviruses, we observed that the substrate-recognition pocket and enzyme inhibitory mechanism is highly conservative. Altogether, our study provided structural features of MHV-A59 Mpro and indicated that a Michael acceptor inhibitor is an ideal scaffold for antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Cui
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shanshan Cui
- Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin, China,State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China,Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xia Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zefang Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China,Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin, China,Corresponding author. School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Haitao Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China,Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin, China,State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China,Corresponding author. School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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Ding Z, Fang L, Yuan S, Zhao L, Wang X, Long S, Wang M, Wang D, Foda MF, Xiao S. The nucleocapsid proteins of mouse hepatitis virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus share the same IFN-β antagonizing mechanism: attenuation of PACT-mediated RIG-I/ MDA5 activation. Oncotarget 2018; 8:49655-49670. [PMID: 28591694 PMCID: PMC5564796 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronaviruses (CoVs) are a huge threat to both humans and animals and have evolved elaborate mechanisms to antagonize interferons (IFNs). Nucleocapsid (N) protein is the most abundant viral protein in CoV-infected cells, and has been identified as an innate immunity antagonist in several CoVs, including mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV. However, the underlying molecular mechanism(s) remain unclear. In this study, we found that MHV N protein inhibited Sendai virus and poly(I:C)-induced IFN-β production by targeting a molecule upstream of retinoic acid-induced gene I (RIG-I) and melanoma differentiation gene 5 (MDA5). Further studies showed that both MHV and SARS-CoV N proteins directly interacted with protein activator of protein kinase R (PACT), a cellular dsRNA-binding protein that can bind to RIG-I and MDA5 to activate IFN production. The N–PACT interaction sequestered the association of PACT and RIG-I/MDA5, which in turn inhibited IFN-β production. However, the N proteins from porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), which are also classified in the order Nidovirales, did not interact and counteract with PACT. Taken together, our present study confirms that both MHV and SARS-CoV N proteins can perturb the function of cellular PACT to circumvent the innate antiviral response. However, this strategy does not appear to be used by all CoVs N proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Liurong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shuangling Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xunlei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Siwen Long
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Mohan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Dang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Mohamed Frahat Foda
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shaobo Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
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44
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Wiwanitkit V. Critical care medicine for emerging Middle East respiratory syndrome: Which point to be considered? Indian J Crit Care Med 2015; 19:528-30. [PMID: 26430339 PMCID: PMC4578197 DOI: 10.4103/0972-5229.164802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is a new emerging respiratory tract infection. This coronavirus infection is firstly reported from the Middle East, and it becomes threat for the global public health at present due to its existence in a remote area such as USA and Korea. The concern on the management of the patients is very important. Since most of the patients can develop severe respiratory illness and critical care management is needed, the issue on critical care for MERS is the topic to be discussed in critical medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viroj Wiwanitkit
- Public Health Curriculum, Surin Rajabhat University, Surin, Thailand
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