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Shi S, Wang F, Hu Y, Zhou J, Zhang H, He C. Effects of running time on biological activated carbon filters: water purification performance and microbial community evolution. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:21509-21523. [PMID: 38393555 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32421-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Ozone-biologically activated carbon (BAC) filtration is an advanced treatment process that can be applied to remove recalcitrant organic micro-pollutants in drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs). In this study, we continuously monitored a new and an old BAC filter in a DWTP for 1 year to compare their water purification performance and microbial community evolution. The results revealed that, compared with the new filter, the use of the old BAC filter facilitated a slightly lower rate of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal. In the case of the new BAC filter, we recorded general increases in the biomass and microbial diversity of the biofilm with a prolongation of operating time, with the biomass stabilizing after 7 months. For both new and old BAC filters, Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria were the dominant bacterial phyla. At the genus level, the microbial community gradually shifted over the course of operation from a predominance of Herminiimonas and Hydrogenophaga to one predominated by Bradyrhizbium, Bryobacter, Hyphomicrobium, and Pedomicrobium, with Bradyrhizobium being established as the most abundant genus in the old BAC filter. Regarding spatial distribution, we detected reductions in the biomass and number of operational taxonomic units with increasing biofilm depth, whereas there was a corresponding increase in microbial diversity. However, compared with the effects of time, the influence of depth on the composition of the biofilm microbial community was considerably smaller. Furthermore, co-occurrence network analysis revealed that the microbial community network of the new filter after 11 months of operation was the most tightly connected, although its modular coefficient was the lowest of those assessed. We speculate that the positive and negative interactions within the network may be attributable to symbiotic or competitive relationships among species. Moreover, there may have been a significant negative interaction between SWB02 and Acidovorax, plausibly associated with a competition for substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangjia Shi
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Feifei Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| | - Yulin Hu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Haiting Zhang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Chiquan He
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
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Wan K, Guo L, Ye C, Zhu J, Zhang M, Yu X. Accumulation of antibiotic resistance genes in full-scale drinking water biological activated carbon (BAC) filters during backwash cycles. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 190:116744. [PMID: 33401101 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Biological activated carbon (BAC) filtration, a process widely used in drinking water treatment, was recently reported to harbor antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). This emerging contamination is poorly understood. This study was conducted to investigate the occurrence of ARGs and bacterial community in full-scale BAC filters during the backwash cycle using high-throughput qPCR and high-throughput sequencing. A total of 178 ARGs were detected in all biofilm samples, with relative abundance ranging from 0.1 to 1.37 copies per 16S rRNA and absolute abundance ranging from 4.48 × 107 to 3.09 × 109 copies/g carbon. Biofilms sampled from different filters shared most detected ARGs and dominant genera including Bryobacter, Pedomicrobium, Reyranella, and Terrimonas, though their bacterial community structure differed significantly. After backwashing, the relative ARGs abundance increased by 1.5- to 3.8-folds and the absolute ARGs abundance increased by 0.90- to 1.12-logs in all biofilm samples during filter ripening, indicating that ARGs accumulated in filters during this period. Redundancy analysis suggested that such ARGs accumulation was mainly driven by horizontal gene transfer in winter, but highly correlated with the increasing relative abundance of genera Bryobacter and Acidibacter in summer. It was observed that 80.6 %-89.3% of the detected ARGs persisted in the filters despite of the backwashing. Given the high richness and relative abundance of ARGs in BAC filter and the ineffectiveness of backwashing in ARG removal, more stringent downstream disinfection strategies are deserved and more research is necessary to assess potential human health risks due to the persistence of ARGs in drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wan
- College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Lizheng Guo
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Chengsong Ye
- College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jianwen Zhu
- Hangzhou Water Group Company, Ltd, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Menglu Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Xin Yu
- College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
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Qiao Z, Hu S, Wu Y, Sun R, Liu X, Chan J. Changes in the fluorescence intensity, degradability, and aromaticity of organic carbon in ammonium and phenanthrene-polluted aquatic ecosystems. RSC Adv 2021; 11:1066-1076. [PMID: 35423689 PMCID: PMC8693519 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08655j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mixed cultures were established by a sediment to investigate the changes in organic carbon (C) in a combined ammonium and phenanthrene biotransformation process in aquatic ecosystems. The microorganisms in the sediment demonstrated significant ammonium-N and phenanthrene biotransformation capacity with removal efficiencies of 99.96% and 99.99%, respectively. The changes in the organic C characteristics were evaluated by the fluorescence intensity, degradability (humification index (HIX) and UV absorbance at 254 nm (A254)), aromaticity (specific UV absorbance at 254 nm (SUVA254) and fluorescence index (FI)). Compared with C2 (the second control), the lower values of fluorescence intensity (after the 15th d), HIX (after the 8th d), A254 (after the 11th d), and SUVA254 (after the 8th d) and the higher FI value (after the 8th d) in ammonium and phenanthrene-fed mixed cultures (N_PHE) suggest that aromatic structures and some condensed molecules were easier to break down in N_PHE. Similar results were obtained from Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectra. Changes in organic C characteristics may be due to two key organisms Massilia and Azohydromonas. The biodiversity also suggested that the selective pressure of ammonium and phenanthrene is the decisive factor for changes in organic C characteristics. This study will shed light on theoretical insights into the interaction of N and aromatic compounds in aquatic ecosystems. Mixed cultures were established by a sediment to investigate the changes in organic carbon (C) in a combined ammonium and phenanthrene biotransformation process in aquatic ecosystems.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixia Qiao
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi'an 710129
- China
| | - Sihai Hu
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi'an 710129
- China
| | - Yaoguo Wu
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi'an 710129
- China
| | - Ran Sun
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi'an 710129
- China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi'an 710129
- China
| | - Jiangwei Chan
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi'an 710129
- China
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Liu G, Zhang Y, Liu X, Hammes F, Liu WT, Medema G, Wessels P, van der Meer W. 360-Degree Distribution of Biofilm Quantity and Community in an Operational Unchlorinated Drinking Water Distribution Pipe. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:5619-5628. [PMID: 32259432 PMCID: PMC7203839 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b06603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, triplicate rings of 360° pipe surfaces of an operational drinking water distribution pipe were swabbed. Each ring was equally divided into 16 parts for swabbing. The collected swabs were grouped into 3 sections and compared with the biofilm samples sampled by sonication of specimens from the same pipe. The results showed that the biofilm is unevenly distributed over the 16 parts and the 3 sections of the pipe surface. Both the active biomass and the number of observed OTUs increased as the measurements proceeded from the top to the bottom of the pipe. The bacterial community was dominated in all sections by Proteobacteria. At the genus level, Nitrospira spp., Terrimonas spp., and Hyphomicrobium spp. were dominant in all sections. Gaiella spp. and Vicinamibacter spp. dominated in S-I, Blastopirellula spp. and Pirellula spp. dominated in S-II, while Holophaga spp. and Phaeodactylibacter spp. dominated in S-III. When swabbing and pipe specimen sonication were compared, the results showed that the sampling strategy significantly influences the obtained biofilm bacterial community. A consistent multisectional swabbing strategy is proposed for future biofilm sampling; it involves collecting swabs from all sections and comparing the swabs from the same position/section across locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- Key
Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Centre
for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, P. R. China
- Oasen
Drinkwater, P.O. Box
122, 2801SB, Gouda, The Netherlands
- Sanitary
Engineering, Department of Water Management, Faculty of Civil Engineering
and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5048, 2600GA Delft, The Netherlands
- Phone: 0086 17600879707; e-mail: ,
| | - Ya Zhang
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 205 North Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Xinlei Liu
- Catalysis
Engineering, Chemical Engineering Department, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Frederik Hammes
- Eawag,
Swiss
Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Wen-Tso Liu
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 205 North Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Gertjan Medema
- Sanitary
Engineering, Department of Water Management, Faculty of Civil Engineering
and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5048, 2600GA Delft, The Netherlands
- KWR
Watercycle Research Institute, P.O. Box 1072, 3430 BB Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Wessels
- Oasen
Drinkwater, P.O. Box
122, 2801SB, Gouda, The Netherlands
| | - Walter van der Meer
- Oasen
Drinkwater, P.O. Box
122, 2801SB, Gouda, The Netherlands
- Science
and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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Chen H, Lin T, Chen W, Xu H, Tao H. Different removal efficiency of disinfection-byproduct precursors between dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN) and dichloroacetamide (DCAcAm) by up-flow biological activated carbon (UBAC) process. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:25874-25882. [PMID: 31273652 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05736-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Up-flow biological activated carbon (UBAC) filter has been widely used in waterworks due to its less hydraulic loss, stronger biodegradation ability, and the prevention of excessive biomass growth relative to down-flow BAC treatment. In this study, the different removal efficiency (DRE) of disinfection byproduct precursors between dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN) and dichloroacetamide (DCAcAm) was evaluated when UBAC filter was used as advanced treatment process. Results showed that the UBAC filter with approximately 36 months of usage time had a poor performance in the removal of DCAcAm formation potential (FP) (i.e. 9.3-19.1%) compared to DCAN FP (i.e., 22.5-34.1%). After chlorination of UBAC effluent, the hydrolysis of DCAN to form DCAcAm only partly contributed to the DRE variations of both DCAN FP and DCAcAm FP. Using the high-throughput sequencing technology and the redundancy analysis (RDA), the second dominant genus Bacillus in UBAC filter, which may transform precursors of DCAN into inorganic matters, could be another reason that led to the DRE in DCAN and DCAcAm FP. The formation and leakage of soluble microbial products (SMPs) was identified by excitation-emission matrix (EEM) peak intensities as well as variation of biological index (BIX). The SMPs released into UBAC effluent, favoring the formation of DCAcAm, also contributed to the precursors of both DCAN and DCAcAm, causing a poor removal performance in DCAcAm FP by UBAC filter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, People's Republic of China
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, People's Republic of China.
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, People's Republic of China
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, People's Republic of China
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Tao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, People's Republic of China
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, People's Republic of China
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Occurrence and Succession of Bacterial Community in O 3/BAC Process of Drinking Water Treatment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16173112. [PMID: 31461864 PMCID: PMC6747196 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16173112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the drinking water industry, a common advanced treatment process is comprised of treatment with ozone, followed by biological-activated carbon (O3/BAC). However, the bacterial community formation and succession procedures associated with activated carbon have rarely been reported. In this study, the dynamics of bacterial communities at three different depths were investigated using a pilot-scale O3/BAC filter. The average chemical oxygen demand (CODMn), turbidity removal and dissolved oxygen (DO) consumption rate of the filter were 26.43%, 16.57% and 16.4% during the operation period, respectively. Bacterial communities dominated by proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes attached on activated carbon were determined by polymerase chain reaction-density gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE). Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the compositions and structures of bacterial communities in different layers clustered after fluctuation. A redundancy analysis (RDA) indicated that Ramlibacter henchirensis was positively correlated to chemical oxygen demand (CODMn) removal and nitrate-N removal, and Georgfuchsia toluolica also showed a positive correlation with CODMn removal. Aquabacterium parvum and Phaeobacterium nitratireducens were positively-correlated with turbidity removal. Pedobacter glucosidilyticus and Pseudomonas sp. were associated with high dissolved oxygen (DO) consumption. These results provide insight into the succession characteristics of the bacterial community of O3/BAC treatment and the interactions of the bacterial community with filter operation performance.
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Inkinen J, Jayaprakash B, Siponen S, Hokajärvi AM, Pursiainen A, Ikonen J, Ryzhikov I, Täubel M, Kauppinen A, Paananen J, Miettinen IT, Torvinen E, Kolehmainen M, Pitkänen T. Active eukaryotes in drinking water distribution systems of ground and surface waterworks. MICROBIOME 2019; 7:99. [PMID: 31269979 PMCID: PMC6610866 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-019-0715-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eukaryotes are ubiquitous in natural environments such as soil and freshwater. Little is known of their presence in drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs) or of the environmental conditions that affect their activity and survival. METHODS Eukaryotes were characterized by Illumina high-throughput sequencing targeting 18S rRNA gene (DNA) that estimates the total community and the 18S rRNA gene transcript (RNA) that is more representative of the active part of the community. DWDS cold water (N = 124), hot water (N = 40), and biofilm (N = 16) samples were collected from four cities in Finland. The sampled DWDSs were from two waterworks A-B with non-disinfected, recharged groundwater as source water and from three waterworks utilizing chlorinated water (two DWDSs of surface waterworks C-D and one of ground waterworks E). In each DWDS, samples were collected from three locations during four seasons of 1 year. RESULTS A beta-diversity analysis revealed that the main driver shaping the eukaryotic communities was the DWDS (A-E) (R = 0.73, P < 0.001, ANOSIM). The kingdoms Chloroplastida (green plants and algae), Metazoa (animals: rotifers, nematodes), Fungi (e.g., Cryptomycota), Alveolata (ciliates, dinoflagellates), and Stramenopiles (algae Ochrophyta) were well represented and active-judging based on the rRNA gene transcripts-depending on the surrounding conditions. The unchlorinated cold water of systems (A-B) contained a higher estimated total number of taxa (Chao1, average 380-480) than chlorinated cold water in systems C-E (Chao1 ≤ 210). Within each DWDS, unique eukaryotic communities were identified at different locations as was the case also for cold water, hot water, and biofilms. A season did not have a consistent impact on the eukaryotic community among DWDSs. CONCLUSIONS This study comprehensively characterized the eukaryotic community members within the DWDS of well-maintained ground and surface waterworks providing good quality water. The study gives an indication that each DWDS houses a unique eukaryotic community, mainly dependent on the raw water source and water treatment processes in place at the corresponding waterworks. In particular, disinfection as well as hot water temperature seemed to represent a strong selection pressure that controlled the number of active eukaryotic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenni Inkinen
- Department of Health Security, National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 95, FI-70701 Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Sallamaari Siponen
- Department of Health Security, National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 95, FI-70701 Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box, 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anna-Maria Hokajärvi
- Department of Health Security, National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 95, FI-70701 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anna Pursiainen
- Department of Health Security, National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 95, FI-70701 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jenni Ikonen
- Department of Health Security, National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 95, FI-70701 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ivan Ryzhikov
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box, 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Martin Täubel
- Department of Health Security, National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 95, FI-70701 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ari Kauppinen
- Department of Health Security, National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 95, FI-70701 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jussi Paananen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ilkka T. Miettinen
- Department of Health Security, National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 95, FI-70701 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Eila Torvinen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box, 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mikko Kolehmainen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box, 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tarja Pitkänen
- Department of Health Security, National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 95, FI-70701 Kuopio, Finland
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Chen H, Lin T, Chen W, Tao H, Xu H. Removal of disinfection byproduct precursors and reduction in additive toxicity of chlorinated and chloraminated waters by ozonation and up-flow biological activated carbon process. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 216:624-632. [PMID: 30391883 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The variations of disinfection byproduct (DBP) precursors and DBPs-associated toxic potencies were evaluated by ozonation, followed by a up-flow biological activated carbon (O3/UBAC) filter treating two reconstituted water samples, featuring either high bromide (105.3 μg/L) or dissolved organic nitrogen (0.73 mg N/L) concentration, respectively. Ozonation contributed to ∼20% decrease in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration at a dosage of 0.7 mg of O3/mg of DOC, but no further reduction in DOC level was observed with an increased dose of 1.0 mg of O3/mg of DOC. When chlorine or preformed monochloramine was used as a disinfectant, UBAC process led to ∼40% reduction in the sum of detected DBP formation potential (FP) due to the removal of precursors at a feasible empty bed contact time of 15 min. The integrated effect of ozonation and UBAC biofiltration decreased the sum of DBP FP by ∼50% including halonitromethanes (THNMs), N-nitrosamines (NAs), and bromate, which increased in the effluent of ozonation. Chloramination produced less DBPs by weight as well as DBPs-associated additive toxic potencies than chlorination. The reduction in additive toxic potencies was generally lower than the removal efficiency of DBP FP after chlor(am)ination of treated waters by O3/UBAC, indicating that the removal of DBPs-associated additive toxic potencies should be focused to better understand on the residual risk to public health in controlling DBP precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Tao Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China.
| | - Wei Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Hui Tao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Hang Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
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Biostability of Tap Water—A Qualitative Analysis of Health Risk in the Example of Groundwater Treatment (Semi-Technical Scale). WATER 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/w10121764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This article presents results of research which aimed to assess the impact of biofiltration processing on the biological stability of water. Effectiveness of biogenic substances removal (C, N, P) and bacteriological quality of water after the biofiltration process were discussed. The research was carried out on a semi-technical scale on natural underground water rich in organic compounds. A filter with a biologically active carbon (BAC) bed was used for the research. Despite the low water temperature of between 9–12 °C, there was a high efficiency of organic matter removal—33–70%. The number of mesophilic and psychrophilic bacteria in the water before and after the biofiltration process was comparable (0–23 CFU/mL) and met the requirements for drinking water. No E. coli was detected in the water samples. The biological material washed out of the filter bed did not cause deterioration of water quality which proved that the operating parameters of the biofilters were properly chosen, i.e., contact time of 30 min, filtration speed up to 3 m/h. Reduction of the content of nutrients in the treated water limits the risk of microbial growth and thus the emergence of biological growth in the distribution system.
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Xie H, Wang H, Ji F, Liang Y, Song M, Zhang J. Tetrabromobisphenol A alters soil microbial community via selective antibacterial activity. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 164:597-603. [PMID: 30153641 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) is the most widely used brominated flame retardant. Most studies regarding TBBPA have concentrated on its occurrence, distribution, toxicity and degradation in the environment. However, little is known about its ecological effects on soil microbial communities. In this study, we investigated the effect of TBBPA on soil microbial community. Overall, the data suggested that the growth and composition of soil microorganisms were correlated to the TBBPA concentration and exposure time. Phospholipid-derived fatty acid analysis (PLFAs) showed that significant microbial growth inhibitions were 46.1% and 46.9% in 40 mg/kg TBBPA-treated soils after 45-day incubation under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, respectively. Results of PLFAs and llumina sequencing indicated that TBBPA mainly inhibited Gram-positive bacteria, but not Gram-negative bacteria. The selective antibacterial activity of TBBPA toward Gram-positive bacteria was further confirmed in pure bacteria cultures. These data suggested that, in addition to their effect on microbial growth and composition, TBBPA may affect the microbial ecology. Additional research should be carried out to identify the ecological risk of TBBPA in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Xie
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Haijing Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Fang Ji
- Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Yong Liang
- Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Maoyong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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Gu Q, Wu Q, Zhang J, Guo W, Ding Y, Wang J, Wu H, Sun M, Hou L, Wei X, Zhang Y. Isolation and Transcriptome Analysis of Phenol-Degrading Bacterium From Carbon-Sand Filters in a Full-Scale Drinking Water Treatment Plant. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2162. [PMID: 30298058 PMCID: PMC6160575 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenol is a typical organic contaminant in the environment. To date, the biodegradation of phenol by microorganisms remains the preferred method for its removal and remediation, but data on phenol removal by drinking water biofilters are lacking. In this study, we used high-throughput sequencing to investigate the microbial community structure in a carbon-sand biofilter. The results indicated that the predominant bacterial group was Bacilli, followed by Gammaproteobacteria, Clostridia, and Alphaproteobacteria. In addition, a strain was capable of degrading phenol at low concentrations of 500 μg/L within 100 min was isolated and identified as Rhodococcus sp. CS-1. Transcriptome analysis results showed that Rhodococcus sp. CS-1 was able to degrade phenol via both the catechol and protocatechuate branch of the β-ketoadipate pathway. Furthermore, some novel candidate biomarkers (copper oxidase, copper chaperone, and MarR/DeoR/TetR family transcriptional regulators) were successfully identified to be potentially involved in phenol biodegradation. This study indicates that carbon-sand filters have the potential for remediation of phenol. The application of native microorganisms to drinking water treatment system is an adaptive strategy in oligotrophic water environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihui Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jumei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weipeng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiqing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Luanfeng Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianhu Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Youxiong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
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12
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Gerrity D, Arnold M, Dickenson E, Moser D, Sackett JD, Wert EC. Microbial community characterization of ozone-biofiltration systems in drinking water and potable reuse applications. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 135:207-219. [PMID: 29477059 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Microbial community structure in the ozone-biofiltration systems of two drinking water and two wastewater treatment facilities was characterized using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Collectively, these datasets enabled comparisons by facility, water type (drinking water, wastewater), pre-oxidation (ozonation, chlorination), media type (anthracite, activated carbon), media depth, and backwash dynamics. Proteobacteria was the most abundant phylum in drinking water filters, whereas Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, Firmicutes, and Planctomycetes were differentially abundant in wastewater filters. A positive correlation was observed between media depth and relative abundance of Cyanobacteria in drinking water filters, but there was only a slight increase in one alpha diversity metric with depth in the wastewater filters. Media type had a significant effect on beta but not alpha diversity in drinking water and wastewater filters. Pre-ozonation caused a significant decrease in alpha diversity in the wastewater filters, but the effect on beta diversity was not statistically significant. An evaluation of backwash dynamics resulted in two notable observations: (1) endosymbionts such as Neochlamydia and Legionella increased in relative abundance following backwashing and (2) nitrogen-fixing Bradyrhizobium dominated the microbial community in wastewater filters operated with infrequent backwashing. Bradyrhizobium is known to generate extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), which may adversely impact biofilter performance and effluent water quality. These findings have important implications for public health and the operation and resiliency of biofiltration systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Gerrity
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Box 454015, 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV 89154-4015, United States.
| | - Mayara Arnold
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Box 454015, 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV 89154-4015, United States
| | - Eric Dickenson
- Applied Research and Development Center, Southern Nevada Water Authority, P.O. Box 99954, Las Vegas, NV 89193, United States
| | - Duane Moser
- Desert Research Institute, 755 E. Flamingo Rd. Las Vegas, NV 89119, United States
| | - Joshua D Sackett
- Desert Research Institute, 755 E. Flamingo Rd. Las Vegas, NV 89119, United States; School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV 89154-4015, United States
| | - Eric C Wert
- Applied Research and Development Center, Southern Nevada Water Authority, P.O. Box 99954, Las Vegas, NV 89193, United States
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13
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Liao X, Zou R, Chen C, Yuan B, Zhou Z, Zhang X. Evaluating the biosafety of conventional and O 3-BAC process and its relationship with NOM characteristics. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2018; 39:221-230. [PMID: 28274190 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2017.1297850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
It is the priority to guarantee biosafety for drinking water treatment. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of widely applied conventional and ozone-biological activated carbon (O3-BAC) advanced treatment technology on biosafety of drinking water. The items, including assimilable organic carbon (AOC), biodegradable dissolved organic carbon (BDOC), heterotrophic plate counts (HPCs) and the microorganism community structures, were used to evaluate the biosafety. Moreover, their relationships with molecular weights (MWs) and fluorescence intensity of dissolved organic matter were investigated. The results indicated that the technology provided a considerable gain in potable water quality by decreasing dissolved organic carbon (DOC, from 5.05 to 1.71 mg/L), AOC (from 298 to 131 μg/L), BDOC (from 1.39 to 0.24 mg/L) and HPCs (from 275 to 10 CFU/mL). Ozone brought an increase in DOC with low MW <1 kDa, which accompanies with an increase in AOC/BDOC concentration, which could be reduced effectively by subsequent BAC process. The formation of AOC/BDOC was closely related to DOC with low MWs and aromatic protein. Bacteria could be released from BAC filter, resulting in an increase in HPC and the presence of pathogenic bacteria in effluent, while the post sand filter could further guarantee the biosafety of finished water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Liao
- a Institute of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, College of Civil Engineering , Huaqiao University , Xiamen , People's Republic of China
- b State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment , Tsinghua University , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Rusen Zou
- a Institute of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, College of Civil Engineering , Huaqiao University , Xiamen , People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Chen
- b State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment , Tsinghua University , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Baoling Yuan
- a Institute of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, College of Civil Engineering , Huaqiao University , Xiamen , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenming Zhou
- a Institute of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, College of Civil Engineering , Huaqiao University , Xiamen , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojian Zhang
- b State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment , Tsinghua University , Beijing , People's Republic of China
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14
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Li D, Stanford B, Dickenson E, Khunjar WO, Homme CL, Rosenfeldt EJ, Sharp JO. Effect of advanced oxidation on N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) formation and microbial ecology during pilot-scale biological activated carbon filtration. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 113:160-170. [PMID: 28213337 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Water treatment combining advanced oxidative processes with subsequent exposure to biological activated carbon (BAC) holds promise for the attenuation of recalcitrant pollutants. Here we contrast oxidation and subsequent biofiltration of treated wastewater effluent employing either ozone or UV/H2O2 followed by BAC during pilot-scale implementation. Both treatment trains largely met target water quality goals by facilitating the removal of a suite of trace organics and bulk water parameters. N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) formation was observed in ozone fed BAC columns during biofiltration and to a lesser extent in UV/H2O2 fed columns and was most pronounced at 20 min of empty bed contact time (EBCT) when compared to shorter EBCTs evaluated. While microbial populations were highly similar in the upper reaches, deeper samples revealed a divergence within and between BAC filtration systems where EBCT was identified to be a significant environmental predictor for shifts in microbial populations. The abundance of Nitrospira in the top samples of both columns provides an explanation for the oxidation of nitrite and corresponding increases in nitrate concentrations during BAC transit and support interplay between nitrogen cycling with nitrosamine formation. The results of this study demonstrate that pretreatments using ozone versus UV/H2O2 impart modest differences to the overall BAC microbial population structural and functional attributes, and further highlight the need to evaluate NDMA formation prior to full-scale implementation of BAC in potable reuse applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Li
- NSF Engineering Research Center ReNUWIt, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA
| | | | - Eric Dickenson
- NSF Engineering Research Center ReNUWIt, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA; Water Quality Research and Development Division, Southern Nevada Water Authority, Henderson, NV 89015, USA
| | | | - Carissa L Homme
- NSF Engineering Research Center ReNUWIt, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA
| | | | - Jonathan O Sharp
- NSF Engineering Research Center ReNUWIt, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA.
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15
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Lin H, Zhang S, Zhang S, Lin W, Yu X. The function of advanced treatment process in a drinking water treatment plant with organic matter-polluted source water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:8924-8932. [PMID: 26250817 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5116-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
To understand the relationship between chemical and microbial treatment at each treatment step, as well as the relationship between microbial community structure in biofilms in biofilters and their ecological functions, a drinking water plant with severe organic matter-polluted source water was investigated. The bacterial community dynamics of two drinking water supply systems (traditional and advanced treatment processes) in this plant were studied from the source to the product water. Analysis by 454 pyrosequencing was conducted to characterize the bacterial diversity in each step of the treatment processes. The bacterial communities in these two treatment processes were highly diverse. Proteobacteria, which mainly consisted of beta-proteobacteria, was the dominant phylum. The two treatment processes used in the plant could effectively remove organic pollutants and microbial polution, especially the advanced treatment process. Significant differences in the detection of the major groups were observed in the product water samples in the treatment processes. The treatment processes, particularly the biological pretreatment and O3-biological activated carbon in the advanced treatment process, highly influenced the microbial community composition and the water quality. Some opportunistic pathogens were found in the water. Nitrogen-relative microorganisms found in the biofilm of filters may perform an important function on the microbial community composition and water quality improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huirong Lin
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Science, Xiamen, 361021, People's Republic of China
- Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station-NUEORS, Chinese Academy of Science, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuting Zhang
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Science, Xiamen, 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenghua Zhang
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Science, Xiamen, 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenfang Lin
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Science, Xiamen, 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Yu
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Science, Xiamen, 361021, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Chemolithotrophic processes in the bacterial communities on the surface of mineral-enriched biochars. ISME JOURNAL 2017; 11:1087-1101. [PMID: 28169988 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2016.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Biochar and mineral-enriched biochar (MEB) have been used as soil amendments to improve soil fertility, sequester carbon and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. Such beneficial outcomes could be partially mediated by soil bacteria, however little is known about how they directly interact with biochar or MEB. We therefore analyzed the diversity and functions of bacterial communities on the surfaces of one biochar and two different MEBs after a 140-day incubation in soil. The results show that the biochar and the MEBs harbor distinct bacterial communities to the bulk soil. Communities on biochar and MEBs were dominated by a novel Gammaproteobacterium. Genome reconstruction combined with electron microscopy and high-resolution elemental analysis revealed that the bacterium generates energy from the oxidation of iron that is present on the surface. Two other bacteria belonging to the genus Thiobacillus and a novel group within the Oxalbacteraceae were enriched only on the MEBs and they had the genetic capacity for thiosulfate oxidation. All three surface-enriched bacteria also had the capacity to fix carbon dioxide, either in a potentially strictly autotrophic or mixotrophic manner. Our results show the dominance of chemolithotrophic processes on the surface of biochar and MEB that can contribute to carbon sequestration in soil.
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17
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Gu Q, Wu Q, Zhang J, Guo W, Wu H, Sun M. Community Analysis and Recovery of Phenol-degrading Bacteria from Drinking Water Biofilters. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:495. [PMID: 27148185 PMCID: PMC4828441 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenol is a ubiquitous organic contaminant in drinking water. Biodegradation plays an important role in the elimination of phenol pollution in the environment, but the information about phenol removal by drinking water biofilters is still lacking. Herein, we study an acclimated bacterial community that can degrade over 80% of 300 mg/L phenol within 3 days. PCR detection of genotypes involved in bacterial phenol degradation revealed that the degradation pathways contained the initial oxidative attack by phenol hydroxylase, and subsequent ring fission by catechol 1,2-dioxygenase. Based on the PCR denatured gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) profiles of bacteria from biological activated carbon (BAC), the predominant bacteria in drinking water biofilters including Delftia sp., Achromobacter sp., and Agrobacterium sp., which together comprised up to 50% of the total microorganisms. In addition, a shift in bacterial community structure was observed during phenol biodegradation. Furthermore, the most effective phenol-degrading strain DW-1 that correspond to the main band in denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) profile was isolated and identified as Acinetobacter sp., according to phylogenetic analyses of the 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) gene sequences. The strain DW-1 also produced the most important enzyme, phenol hydroxylase, and it also exhibited a good ability to degrade phenol when immobilized on granular active carbon (GAC). This study indicates that the enrichment culture has great potential application for treatment of phenol-polluted drinking water sources, and the indigenous phenol-degrading microorganism could recover from drinking water biofilters as an efficient resource for phenol removal. Therefore, the aim of this study is to draw attention to recover native phenol-degrading bacteria from drinking water biofilters, and use these native microorganisms as phenolic water remediation in drinking water sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihui Gu
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou, China; Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied MicrobiologyGuangzhou, China
| | - Qingping Wu
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Guangzhou, China
| | - Jumei Zhang
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Guangzhou, China
| | - Weipeng Guo
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiqing Wu
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Sun
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Guangzhou, China
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18
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Wang W, Guo Y, Yang Q, Huang Y, Zhu C, Fan J, Pan F. Characterization of the microbial community structure and nitrosamine-reducing isolates in drinking water biofilters. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 521-522:219-225. [PMID: 25841075 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.03.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Two biofilters were constructed using biological activated carbon (BAC) and nitrosamine-containing water from two drinking water treatment plants. The microbiome of each biofilter was characterized by 454 high-throughput pyrosequencing, and one nitrosamine-reducing bacterium was isolated. The results showed that nitrosamines changed the relative abundance at both the phylum and class levels, and the new genera were observed in the microbial communities of the two BAC filters after cultivation. As such, the genus Rhodococcus, which includes many nitrosamine-reducing strains reported in previous studies, was only detected in the BAC2 filter after cultivation. These findings indicate that nitrosamines can significantly affect the genus level in the microbial communities. Furthermore, the isolated bacterial culture Rhodococcus cercidiphylli A41 AS-1 exhibited the ability to reduce five nitrosamines (N-nitrosodimethylamine, N-nitrosodiethylamine, N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine, N-nitrosopyrrolidine, and N-nitrosodi-n-butylamine) with removal ratios that ranged from 38.1% to 85.4%. The isolate exhibited a better biodegradation ability with nitrosamine as the carbon source when compared with nitrosamine as the nitrogen source. This study increases our understanding of the microbial community in drinking water biofilters with trace quantities of nitrosamines, and provides information on the metabolism of nitrosamine-reducing bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanfeng Wang
- Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China.
| | - Yanling Guo
- College of Resource and Environment, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Qingxiang Yang
- Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Yao Huang
- Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Chunyou Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Jing Fan
- Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Feng Pan
- Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
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19
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Kaarela OE, Härkki HA, Palmroth MRT, Tuhkanen TA. Bacterial diversity and active biomass in full-scale granular activated carbon filters operated at low water temperatures. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2015; 36:681-692. [PMID: 25242545 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2014.958542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Granular activated carbon (GAC) filtration enhances the removal of natural organic matter and micropollutants in drinking water treatment. Microbial communities in GAC filters contribute to the removal of the biodegradable part of organic matter, and thus help to control microbial regrowth in the distribution system. Our objectives were to investigate bacterial community dynamics, identify the major bacterial groups, and determine the concentration of active bacterial biomass in full-scale GAC filters treating cold (3.7-9.5°C), physicochemically pretreated, and ozonated lake water. Three sampling rounds were conducted to study six GAC filters of different operation times and flow modes in winter, spring, and summer. Total organic carbon results indicated that both the first-step and second-step filters contributed to the removal of organic matter. Length heterogeneity analysis of amplified 16S rRNA genes illustrated that bacterial communities were diverse and considerably stable over time. α-Proteobacteria, β-Proteobacteria, and Nitrospira dominated in all of the GAC filters, although the relative proportion of dominant phylogenetic groups in individual filters differed. The active bacterial biomass accumulation, measured as adenosine triphosphate, was limited due to low temperature, low flux of nutrients, and frequent backwashing. The concentration of active bacterial biomass was not affected by the moderate seasonal temperature variation. In summary, the results provided an insight into the biological component of GAC filtration in cold water temperatures and the operational parameters affecting it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Outi E Kaarela
- a Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering , Tampere University of Technology , P.O. Box 541, FI-33101 Tampere , Finland
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20
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Liao X, Chen C, Zhang J, Dai Y, Zhang X, Xie S. Dimethylamine biodegradation by mixed culture enriched from drinking water biofilter. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 119:935-940. [PMID: 25280176 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Dimethylamine (DMA) is one of the important precursors of drinking water disinfection by-product N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA). Reduction of DMA to minimize the formation of carcinogenic NDMA in drinking water is of practical importance. Biodegradation plays a major role in elimination of DMA pollution in the environment, yet information on DMA removal by drinking water biofilter is still lacking. In this study, microcosms with different treatments were constructed to investigate the potential of DMA removal by a mixed culture enriched from a drinking water biofilter and the effects of carbon and nitrogen sources. DMA could be quickly mineralized by the enrichment culture. Amendment of a carbon source, instead of a nitrogen source, had a profound impact on DMA removal. A shift in bacterial community structure was observed with DMA biodegradation, affected by carbon and nitrogen sources. Proteobacteria was the predominant phylum group in DMA-degrading microcosms. Microorganisms from a variety of bacterial genera might be responsible for the rapid DMA mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Liao
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chao Chen
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jingxu Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yu Dai
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaojian Zhang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shuguang Xie
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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21
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Liao X, Chen C, Zhang J, Dai Y, Zhang X, Xie S. Operational performance, biomass and microbial community structure: impacts of backwashing on drinking water biofilter. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:546-554. [PMID: 25087501 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3393-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Biofiltration has been widely used to reduce organic matter and control the formation of disinfection by-products in drinking water. Backwashing might affect the biofilters' performance and the attached microbiota on filter medium. In this study, the impacts of backwashing on the removal of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) and N-nitrosamine precursors by a pilot-scale biological activated carbon (BAC) filtration system were investigated. The impacts of backwashing on biomass and microbial community structure of BAC biofilm were also investigated. Phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis showed that backwashing reduced nearly half of the attached biomass on granular activated carbon (GAC) particles, followed by a recovery to the pre-backwashing biomass concentration in 2 days after backwashing. Backwashing was found to transitionally improve the removal of DOC, DON and N-nitrosamine precursors. MiSeq sequencing analysis revealed that backwashing had a strong impact on the bacterial diversity and community structure of BAC biofilm, but they could gradually recover with the operating time after backwashing. Phylum Proteobacteria was the largest bacterial group in BAC biofilm. Microorganisms from genera Bradyrhizobium, Hyphomicrobium, Microcystis and Sphingobium might contribute to the effective removal of nitrogenous organic compounds by drinking water biofilter. This work could add some new insights towards the operation of drinking water biofilters and the biological removal of organic matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Liao
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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22
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Dalahmeh SS, Jönsson H, Hylander LD, Hui N, Yu D, Pell M. Dynamics and functions of bacterial communities in bark, charcoal and sand filters treating greywater. WATER RESEARCH 2014; 54:21-32. [PMID: 24531077 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the effects of greywater application on the dynamics and functions of biofilms developed in bark, activated charcoal and sand filters used for removal of organic matter and nitrogen. Duplicate columns (20 cm diameter, 60 cm deep) were packed with bark, charcoal or sand with effective size 1.4 mm and uniformity coefficient 2.2, and dosed with 32 L m(-2) day(-1) of an artificial greywater (14 g BOD5 m(-2) day(-1)) for 116 days. Potential respiration rate (PRR), determined in filter samples after addition of excess glucose, and bacterial diversity and composition, analysed by 454-pyrosequencing of bacterial 16S ribosomal DNA, were measured at different times and depths in the filters. The bark and charcoal filters were more efficient in removing BOD5 than the sand (98, 97% and 75%, respectively). The highest PRR in the 0-2 cm layer of the columns on day 84 was found in the bark filters, followed by the charcoal and sand filters (632 ± 66, 222 ± 34 and 56 ± 2 mg O2 L(-1), respectively; n = 2). Bacterial community in the bark filters showed the highest richness. The charcoal and sand filters both developed more diverse and dynamic (changing over time and depth) bacterial communities than the bark. In addition to the greywater, the lignocelluosic composition of the bark and its lower pH probably selected for the bacterial community structure and the organic content provided additional substrate, as shown by its higher PRR and its different nitrifying bacterial genera. In the oligotrophic charcoal and sand, the composition of the greywater itself defined the bacterial community. Thus, the initially low bacterial biomass in the latter filters was enriched over time, allowing a diversified bacterial community to develop. The top layers of the bark and charcoal filters displayed a high dominance of Rhizobium, Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter, which were less evident in the 60 cm layer, whereas in the sand filters these genera were prominent at both 0-2 cm and 60 cm. The PRR, bacterial diversity and composition profiles indicated that organic matter degradation occurred mainly in the top 20 cm of the bark and charcoal filters. This means that bark and charcoal filters could be designed to be shallower than sand filters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar S Dalahmeh
- Department of Energy and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7032, SE 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Håkan Jönsson
- Department of Energy and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7032, SE 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars D Hylander
- Department of Energy and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7032, SE 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nan Hui
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140 Lahti, Finland
| | - Dan Yu
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140 Lahti, Finland
| | - Mikael Pell
- Department of Microbiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7025, SE 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
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Yang Y, Wang Z, Xie S. Aerobic biodegradation of bisphenol A in river sediment and associated bacterial community change. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 470-471:1184-1188. [PMID: 24246941 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.10.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the commonly detected endocrine-disrupting chemicals in the environment. Biodegradation plays a major role in elimination of BPA pollution in the environment. However, information on the structure of BPA-degrading microbial community is still lacking. In this study, microcosms with different treatments were constructed to investigate the microbial community structure in river sediment and its shift during BPA biodegradation. BPA could be quickly depleted in the BPA-spiked sediment. BPA amendment had a significant impact on sediment bacterial community, influenced by dosage levels. Gammaproteobacteria and Alphaproteobacteria were the predominant bacterial groups in BPA-degrading sediment microcosm. A consortium of microorganisms from different bacterial genera might be involved in BPA biodegradation in river sediment. This study provides some new insights towards BPA biodegradation and microbial ecology in BPA-degrading environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyin Yang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences (Ministry of Education), Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences (Ministry of Education), Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shuguang Xie
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences (Ministry of Education), Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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Cheng W, Zhang J, Wang Z, Wang M, Xie S. Bacterial communities in sediments of a drinking water reservoir. ANN MICROBIOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-013-0712-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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25
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Liao X, Chen C, Wang Z, Wan R, Chang CH, Zhang X, Xie S. Pyrosequencing analysis of bacterial communities in drinking water biofilters receiving influents of different types. Process Biochem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2013.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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26
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Changes of biomass and bacterial communities in biological activated carbon filters for drinking water treatment. Process Biochem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2012.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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