1
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Gros A, Furlan FM, Rouglan V, Favereaux A, Bontempi B, Morel JL. Physical exercise restores adult neurogenesis deficits induced by simulated microgravity. NPJ Microgravity 2024; 10:69. [PMID: 38906877 PMCID: PMC11192769 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-024-00411-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairments have been reported in astronauts during spaceflights and documented in ground-based models of simulated microgravity (SMG) in animals. However, the neuronal causes of these behavioral effects remain largely unknown. We explored whether adult neurogenesis, known to be a crucial plasticity mechanism supporting memory processes, is altered by SMG. Adult male Long-Evans rats were submitted to the hindlimb unloading model of SMG. We studied the proliferation, survival and maturation of newborn cells in the following neurogenic niches: the subventricular zone (SVZ)/olfactory bulb (OB) and the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus, at different delays following various periods of SMG. SMG exposure for 7 days, but not shorter periods of 6 or 24 h, resulted in a decrease of newborn cell proliferation restricted to the DG. SMG also induced a decrease in short-term (7 days), but not long-term (21 days), survival of newborn cells in the SVZ/OB and DG. Physical exercise, used as a countermeasure, was able to reverse the decrease in newborn cell survival observed in the SVZ and DG. In addition, depending on the duration of SMG periods, transcriptomic analysis revealed modifications in gene expression involved in neurogenesis. These findings highlight the sensitivity of adult neurogenesis to gravitational environmental factors during a transient period, suggesting that there is a period of adaptation of physiological systems to this new environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Gros
- CNRS, INCIA, UMR 5287, University Bordeaux, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
- CNRS, IMN, UMR 5293, University Bordeaux, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
- Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, F-75001, Paris, France
| | - Fandilla Marie Furlan
- CNRS, IMN, UMR 5293, University Bordeaux, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
- Department of Genetics & Evolution, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Rouglan
- CNRS, IINS, UMR 5297, University Bordeaux, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Bruno Bontempi
- CNRS, INCIA, UMR 5287, University Bordeaux, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
- CNRS, IMN, UMR 5293, University Bordeaux, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-Luc Morel
- CNRS, INCIA, UMR 5287, University Bordeaux, F-33000, Bordeaux, France.
- CNRS, IMN, UMR 5293, University Bordeaux, F-33000, Bordeaux, France.
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2
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Khan RR, Guerrero RF, Wapner RJ, Hahn MW, Raja A, Salleb-Aouissi A, Grobman WA, Simhan H, Silver RM, Chung JH, Reddy UM, Radivojac P, Pe'er I, Haas DM. Genetic polymorphisms associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes in nulliparas. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10514. [PMID: 38714721 PMCID: PMC11076516 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61218-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) affect a large proportion of pregnancies and represent an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Yet the pathophysiology of APOs is poorly understood, limiting our ability to prevent and treat these conditions. To search for genetic markers of maternal risk for four APOs, we performed multi-ancestry genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for pregnancy loss, gestational length, gestational diabetes, and preeclampsia. We clustered participants by their genetic ancestry and focused our analyses on three sub-cohorts with the largest sample sizes: European, African, and Admixed American. Association tests were carried out separately for each sub-cohort and then meta-analyzed together. Two novel loci were significantly associated with an increased risk of pregnancy loss: a cluster of SNPs located downstream of the TRMU gene (top SNP: rs142795512), and the SNP rs62021480 near RGMA. In the GWAS of gestational length we identified two new variants, rs2550487 and rs58548906 near WFDC1 and AC005052.1, respectively. Lastly, three new loci were significantly associated with gestational diabetes (top SNPs: rs72956265, rs10890563, rs79596863), located on or near ZBTB20, GUCY1A2, and RPL7P20, respectively. Fourteen loci previously correlated with preterm birth, gestational diabetes, and preeclampsia were found to be associated with these outcomes as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raiyan R Khan
- Department of Computer Science, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rafael F Guerrero
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Ronald J Wapner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew W Hahn
- Department of Computer Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Anita Raja
- Department of Computer Science, CUNY Hunter College, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - William A Grobman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hyagriv Simhan
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Robert M Silver
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Judith H Chung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Uma M Reddy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Predrag Radivojac
- Khoury College of Computer Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Itsik Pe'er
- Department of Computer Science, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - David M Haas
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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3
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Liu X, Liu H, Gu N, Pei J, Lin X, Zhao W. Preeclampsia promotes autism in offspring via maternal inflammation and fetal NFκB signaling. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202301957. [PMID: 37290815 PMCID: PMC10250690 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202301957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a risk factor for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in offspring. However, the exact mechanisms underlying the impact of PE on progeny ASD are not fully understood, which hinders the development of effective therapeutic approaches. This study shows the offspring born to a PE mouse model treated by Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) exhibit ASD-like phenotypes, including neurodevelopment deficiency and behavioral abnormalities. Transcriptomic analysis of the embryonic cortex and adult offspring hippocampus suggested the expression of ASD-related genes was dramatically changed. Furthermore, the level of inflammatory cytokines TNFα in maternal serum and nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) signaling in the fetal cortex were elevated. Importantly, TNFα neutralization during pregnancy enabled to ameliorate ASD-like phenotypes and restore the NFκB activation level in the offspring exposed to PE. Furthermore, TNFα/NFκB signaling axis, but not L-NAME, caused deficits in neuroprogenitor cell proliferation and synaptic development. These experiments demonstrate that offspring exposed to PE phenocopies ASD signatures reported in humans and indicate therapeutic targeting of TNFα decreases the likelihood of bearing children with ASD phenotypes from PE mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyuan Liu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Environmental and Occupational Health Science Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nihao Gu
- International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Embryo-Feta Original Adult Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiangnan Pei
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianhua Lin
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenlong Zhao
- Environmental and Occupational Health Science Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Embryo-Feta Original Adult Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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4
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Wang W, Qin L, Zhang W, Tang L, Zhang C, Dong X, Miao P, Shen M, Du H, Cheng H, Wang K, Zhang X, Su M, Lu H, Li C, Gao Q, Zhang X, Huang Y, Liang C, Zhou JM, Chen YH. WeiTsing, a pericycle-expressed ion channel, safeguards the stele to confer clubroot resistance. Cell 2023; 186:2656-2671.e18. [PMID: 37295403 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plant roots encounter numerous pathogenic microbes that often cause devastating diseases. One such pathogen, Plasmodiophora brassicae (Pb), causes clubroot disease and severe yield losses on cruciferous crops worldwide. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of WeiTsing (WTS), a broad-spectrum clubroot resistance gene from Arabidopsis. WTS is transcriptionally activated in the pericycle upon Pb infection to prevent pathogen colonization in the stele. Brassica napus carrying the WTS transgene displayed strong resistance to Pb. WTS encodes a small protein localized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and its expression in plants induces immune responses. The cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of WTS revealed a previously unknown pentameric architecture with a central pore. Electrophysiology analyses demonstrated that WTS is a calcium-permeable cation-selective channel. Structure-guided mutagenesis indicated that channel activity is strictly required for triggering defenses. The findings uncover an ion channel analogous to resistosomes that triggers immune signaling in the pericycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China.
| | - Li Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Linghui Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaojing Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Pei Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Meng Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huilong Du
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hangyuan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ke Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiangyun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Min Su
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hongwei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Qiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yun Huang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Chengzhi Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jian-Min Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China.
| | - Yu-Hang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China.
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5
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Liu A, Yu L, Li X, Zhang K, Zhang W, So KF, Tissir F, Qu Y, Zhou L. Celsr2-mediated morphological polarization and functional phenotype of reactive astrocytes in neural repair. Glia 2023. [PMID: 37186402 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Neural repair is highly influenced by reactive astrocytes. Atypical cadherin Celsr2 regulates neuron development and axon regeneration, while its role in glial cells remains unexplored. In this study, we show that Celsr2 is highly expressed in spinal astrocytes of adult mice, and knockout of Celsr2 results in reactive astrocytes with longer protrusions preferentially orientated towards lesion borders in culture scratch assay and injured spinal cord, and elevation of total and active Cdc42 and Rac1 protein in western blots. Inactivation of Celsr2 enhances calcium influx in reactive astrocytes in time-lapse imaging. Morphological phenotypes of cultured Celsr2-/- astrocytes are rescued by Cdc42 or Rac1 inhibitors. Following spinal cord injury (SCI), Celsr2-/- mice exhibit smaller lesion cavity and glial scar, enhanced fiber regeneration, weaker microglial response, and improved functional recovery than control animals. Similar phenotypes are found in mice with conditional knockout of Celsr2 in astrocytes. In Celsr2-/- mice, astrocyte phenotype is changed and neuroinflammation is alleviated after injury. Inhibiting Cdc42/Rac1 activities compromises astrocyte polarization and the improvement of neural repair and functional recovery in Celsr2-/- mice with SCI. In conclusion, Celsr2 regulates morphological polarization and functional phenotype of reactive astrocytes and inactivating Celsr2 is a potential therapeutic strategy for neural repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimei Liu
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau CNS Regeneration Institute of Jinan University, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Jinan University)-Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Institute, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingtai Yu
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau CNS Regeneration Institute of Jinan University, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Jinan University)-Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejun Li
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau CNS Regeneration Institute of Jinan University, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Jinan University)-Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Kejiao Zhang
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau CNS Regeneration Institute of Jinan University, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Jinan University)-Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau CNS Regeneration Institute of Jinan University, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Jinan University)-Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau CNS Regeneration Institute of Jinan University, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Jinan University)-Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Institute, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital & Clinical Neuroscience Institute of Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Center for Exercise and Brain Science, School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Fadel Tissir
- Institute of Neuroscience, Developmental Neurobiology, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha, Qatar
| | - Yibo Qu
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau CNS Regeneration Institute of Jinan University, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Jinan University)-Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Center for Exercise and Brain Science, School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Libing Zhou
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau CNS Regeneration Institute of Jinan University, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Jinan University)-Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Institute, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital & Clinical Neuroscience Institute of Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Center for Exercise and Brain Science, School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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6
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Yu L, Liu M, Li F, Wang Q, Wang M, So KF, Qu Y, Zhou L. Celsr2 Knockout Alleviates Inhibitory Synaptic Stripping and Benefits Motoneuron Survival and Axon Regeneration After Branchial Plexus Avulsion. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:1884-1900. [PMID: 36593433 PMCID: PMC9984348 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03198-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Axotomy-induced synaptic stripping modulates survival and axon regeneration of injured motoneurons. Celsr2 is supposed to mediate homophilic interactions of neighboring cells during development, and its role in synaptic stripping remains unknow. In a model of brachial plexus avulsion, Celsr2 knockout improved functional recovery, motoneuron survival, and axon regeneration. Celsr2 was indicated to express in spinal motoneurons, excitatory and inhibitory interneurons, astrocytes, and a subset of oligodendrocytes using Celsr2LacZ mice. Double immunostaining showed that the coverage of inhibitory and excitatory vesicles on injured motoneurons were remarkably reduced after injury, whereas more inhibitory vesicles were maintained in Celsr2-/- mutants than control mice. In the ultrastructure, the density of inhibitory F-boutons on injured motoneurons was higher in Celsr2-/- mutants than controls. Conditional knockout of Celsr2 in astrocytes or oligodendrocytes showed the similar axotomy-induced synaptic withdrawal to the control. RNAseq of injured spinal samples identified 12 MHC I molecules with significant changes between Celsr2-/- and control mice. After injury, expression of MHC I surrounding injured motoneurons was increased, particularly high in Celsr2-/- mutants. In conclusion, Celsr2 knockout enhances MHC I signaling, alleviates inhibitory synaptic stripping cell-autonomously, and contributes to motoneuron survival and regeneration, and Celsr2 is a potential target for neural repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingtai Yu
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau CNS Regeneration Institute of Jinan University, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Jinan University)-Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengfan Liu
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau CNS Regeneration Institute of Jinan University, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Jinan University)-Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuxiang Li
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau CNS Regeneration Institute of Jinan University, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Jinan University)-Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianghua Wang
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau CNS Regeneration Institute of Jinan University, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Jinan University)-Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Meizhi Wang
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau CNS Regeneration Institute of Jinan University, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Jinan University)-Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau CNS Regeneration Institute of Jinan University, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Jinan University)-Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital & Clinical Neuroscience Institute of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China.,Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Institute, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yibo Qu
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau CNS Regeneration Institute of Jinan University, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Jinan University)-Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China.,Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Libing Zhou
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau CNS Regeneration Institute of Jinan University, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Jinan University)-Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital & Clinical Neuroscience Institute of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China. .,Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Institute, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China. .,Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Basta LP, Sil P, Jones RA, Little KA, Hayward-Lara G, Devenport D. Celsr1 and Celsr2 exhibit distinct adhesive interactions and contributions to planar cell polarity. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 10:1064907. [PMID: 36712970 PMCID: PMC9878842 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1064907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadherin EGF LAG seven-pass G-type receptor (Celsr) proteins 1-3 comprise a subgroup of adhesion GPCRs whose functions range from planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling to axon pathfinding and ciliogenesis. Like its Drosophila ortholog, Flamingo, mammalian Celsr1 is a core component of the PCP pathway, which, among other roles, is responsible for the coordinated alignment of hair follicles across the skin surface. Although the role of Celsr1 in epidermal planar polarity is well established, the contribution of the other major epidermally expressed Celsr protein, Celsr2, has not been investigated. Here, using two new CRISPR/Cas9-targeted Celsr1 and Celsr2 knockout mouse lines, we define the relative contributions of Celsr1 and Celsr2 to PCP establishment in the skin. We find that Celsr1 is the major Celsr family member involved in epidermal PCP. Removal of Celsr1 function alone abolishes PCP protein asymmetry and hair follicle polarization, whereas epidermal PCP is unaffected by loss of Celsr2. Further, elimination of both Celsr proteins only minimally enhances the Celsr1 -/- phenotype. Using FRAP and junctional enrichment assays to measure differences in Celsr1 and Celsr2 adhesive interactions, we find that compared to Celsr1, which stably enriches at junctional interfaces, Celsr2 is much less efficiently recruited to and immobilized at junctions. As the two proteins seem equivalent in their ability to interact with core PCP proteins Vangl2 and Fz6, we suggest that perhaps differences in homophilic adhesion contribute to the differential involvement of Celsr1 and Celsr2 in epidermal PCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena P. Basta
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States
| | - Parijat Sil
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States
| | - Rebecca A. Jones
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States
| | - Katherine A. Little
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States
| | - Gabriela Hayward-Lara
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States,Current Affiliation. University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Danelle Devenport
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States,*Correspondence: Danelle Devenport,
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8
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Alkailani MI, Aittaleb M, Tissir F. WNT signaling at the intersection between neurogenesis and brain tumorigenesis. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1017568. [PMID: 36267699 PMCID: PMC9577257 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1017568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurogenesis and tumorigenesis share signaling molecules/pathways involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, and death. Self-renewal of neural stem cells is a tightly regulated process that secures the accuracy of cell division and eliminates cells that undergo mitotic errors. Abnormalities in the molecular mechanisms controlling this process can trigger aneuploidy and genome instability, leading to neoplastic transformation. Mutations that affect cell adhesion, polarity, or migration enhance the invasive potential and favor the progression of tumors. Here, we review recent evidence of the WNT pathway’s involvement in both neurogenesis and tumorigenesis and discuss the experimental progress on therapeutic opportunities targeting components of this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maisa I. Alkailani
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohamed Aittaleb
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Fadel Tissir
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Fadel Tissir,
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9
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Chen Z, Luo S, Liu ZG, Deng YC, He SL, Liu XR, Yi YH, Wang J, Gao LD, Li BM, Wu ZJ, Ye ZL, Liang DH, Bian WJ, Liao WP. CELSR1 variants are associated with partial epilepsy of childhood. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2022; 189:247-256. [PMID: 36453712 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
CELSR1 gene, encoding cadherin EGF LAG seven-pass G-type receptor 1, is mainly expressed in neural stem cells during the embryonic period. It plays an important role in neurodevelopment. However, the relationship between CELSR1 and disease of the central nervous system has not been defined. In this study, we performed trios-based whole-exome sequencing in a cohort of 356 unrelated cases with partial epilepsy without acquired causes and identified CELSR1 variants in six unrelated cases. The variants included one de novo heterozygous nonsense variant, one de novo heterozygous missense variant, and four compound heterozygous missense variants that had one variant was located in the extracellular region and the other in the cytoplasm. The patients with biallelic variants presented severe epileptic phenotypes, whereas those with heterozygous variants were associated with a mild epileptic phenotype of benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS). These variants had no or low allele frequency in the gnomAD database. The frequencies of the CELSR1 variants in this cohort were significantly higher than those in the control populations. The evidence from ClinGen Clinical-Validity Framework suggested a strong association between CELSR1 variants and epilepsy. These findings provide evidence that CELSR1 is potentially a candidate pathogenic gene of partial epilepsy of childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Chen
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province, The Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sheng Luo
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province, The Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Foshan Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Yan-Chun Deng
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Su-Li He
- Department of Pediatrics, Shantou Chaonan Minsheng Hospital, Shantou, China
| | - Xiao-Rong Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province, The Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Hong Yi
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province, The Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province, The Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang-Di Gao
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province, The Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing-Mei Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province, The Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Wu
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zi-Long Ye
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province, The Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China
| | - De-Hai Liang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province, The Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Jun Bian
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province, The Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Ping Liao
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province, The Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China
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10
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Alkelai A, Greenbaum L, Docherty AR, Shabalin AA, Povysil G, Malakar A, Hughes D, Delaney SL, Peabody EP, McNamara J, Gelfman S, Baugh EH, Zoghbi AW, Harms MB, Hwang HS, Grossman-Jonish A, Aggarwal V, Heinzen EL, Jobanputra V, Pulver AE, Lerer B, Goldstein DB. The benefit of diagnostic whole genome sequencing in schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:1435-1447. [PMID: 34799694 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01383-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia has a multifactorial etiology, involving a polygenic architecture. The potential benefit of whole genome sequencing (WGS) in schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders is not well studied. We investigated the yield of clinical WGS analysis in 251 families with a proband diagnosed with schizophrenia (N = 190), schizoaffective disorder (N = 49), or other conditions involving psychosis (N = 48). Participants were recruited in Israel and USA, mainly of Jewish, Arab, and other European ancestries. Trio (parents and proband) WGS was performed for 228 families (90.8%); in the other families, WGS included parents and at least two affected siblings. In the secondary analyses, we evaluated the contribution of rare variant enrichment in particular gene sets, and calculated polygenic risk score (PRS) for schizophrenia. For the primary outcome, diagnostic rate was 6.4%; we found clinically significant, single nucleotide variants (SNVs) or small insertions or deletions (indels) in 14 probands (5.6%), and copy number variants (CNVs) in 2 (0.8%). Significant enrichment of rare loss-of-function variants was observed in a gene set of top schizophrenia candidate genes in affected individuals, compared with population controls (N = 6,840). The PRS for schizophrenia was significantly increased in the affected individuals group, compared to their unaffected relatives. Last, we were also able to provide pharmacogenomics information based on CYP2D6 genotype data for most participants, and determine their antipsychotic metabolizer status. In conclusion, our findings suggest that WGS may have a role in the setting of both research and genetic counseling for individuals with schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Alkelai
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Lior Greenbaum
- The Danek Gertner Institute of Human Genetics, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Anna R Docherty
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Andrey A Shabalin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Gundula Povysil
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ayan Malakar
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Hughes
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shannon L Delaney
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Emma P Peabody
- Psychology Research Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - James McNamara
- Psychology Research Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Sahar Gelfman
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Evan H Baugh
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anthony W Zoghbi
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, Office of Mental Health, New York, NY, USA
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Matthew B Harms
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hann-Shyan Hwang
- Department of Medicine, National Taiwan University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Anat Grossman-Jonish
- The Danek Gertner Institute of Human Genetics, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Vimla Aggarwal
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Erin L Heinzen
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Vaidehi Jobanputra
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ann E Pulver
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bernard Lerer
- Biological Psychiatry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - David B Goldstein
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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11
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Wu N, Wang Y, Jia JY, Pan YH, Yuan XB. Association of CDH11 with Autism Spectrum Disorder Revealed by Matched-gene Co-expression Analysis and Mouse Behavioral Studies. Neurosci Bull 2021; 38:29-46. [PMID: 34523068 PMCID: PMC8783018 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-021-00770-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A large number of putative risk genes for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have been reported. The functions of most of these susceptibility genes in developing brains remain unknown, and causal relationships between their variation and autism traits have not been established. The aim of this study was to predict putative risk genes at the whole-genome level based on the analysis of gene co-expression with a group of high-confidence ASD risk genes (hcASDs). The results showed that three gene features - gene size, mRNA abundance, and guanine-cytosine content - affect the genome-wide co-expression profiles of hcASDs. To circumvent the interference of these features in gene co-expression analysis, we developed a method to determine whether a gene is significantly co-expressed with hcASDs by statistically comparing the co-expression profile of this gene with hcASDs to that of this gene with permuted gene sets of feature-matched genes. This method is referred to as "matched-gene co-expression analysis" (MGCA). With MGCA, we demonstrated the convergence in developmental expression profiles of hcASDs and improved the efficacy of risk gene prediction. The results of analysis of two recently-reported ASD candidate genes, CDH11 and CDH9, suggested the involvement of CDH11, but not CDH9, in ASD. Consistent with this prediction, behavioral studies showed that Cdh11-null mice, but not Cdh9-null mice, have multiple autism-like behavioral alterations. This study highlights the power of MGCA in revealing ASD-associated genes and the potential role of CDH11 in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics of Shanghai and the Ministry of Education, Institute of Brain Functional Genomics, School of Life Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Hussman Institute for Autism, Baltimore, 21201, USA
| | - Jing-Yan Jia
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics of Shanghai and the Ministry of Education, Institute of Brain Functional Genomics, School of Life Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Yi-Hsuan Pan
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics of Shanghai and the Ministry of Education, Institute of Brain Functional Genomics, School of Life Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China.
| | - Xiao-Bing Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics of Shanghai and the Ministry of Education, Institute of Brain Functional Genomics, School of Life Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China. .,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21201, USA.
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12
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Sha Z, Schijven D, Carrion-Castillo A, Joliot M, Mazoyer B, Fisher SE, Crivello F, Francks C. The genetic architecture of structural left-right asymmetry of the human brain. Nat Hum Behav 2021; 5:1226-1239. [PMID: 33723403 PMCID: PMC8455338 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-021-01069-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Left-right hemispheric asymmetry is an important aspect of healthy brain organization for many functions including language, and it can be altered in cognitive and psychiatric disorders. No mechanism has yet been identified for establishing the human brain's left-right axis. We performed multivariate genome-wide association scanning of cortical regional surface area and thickness asymmetries, and subcortical volume asymmetries, using data from 32,256 participants from the UK Biobank. There were 21 significant loci associated with different aspects of brain asymmetry, with functional enrichment involving microtubule-related genes and embryonic brain expression. These findings are consistent with a known role of the cytoskeleton in left-right axis determination in other organs of invertebrates and frogs. Genetic variants associated with brain asymmetry overlapped with those associated with autism, educational attainment and schizophrenia. Comparably large datasets will likely be required in future studies, to replicate and further clarify the associations of microtubule-related genes with variation in brain asymmetry, behavioural and psychiatric traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Sha
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Dick Schijven
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Amaia Carrion-Castillo
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Marc Joliot
- Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, et Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Bernard Mazoyer
- Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, et Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Simon E Fisher
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Fabrice Crivello
- Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, et Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Clyde Francks
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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13
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Álvarez-Hernán G, Garrido-Jiménez S, Román ÁC, Carvajal-González JM, Francisco-Morcillo J. Distribution of planar cell polarity proteins in the developing avian retina. Exp Eye Res 2021; 209:108681. [PMID: 34166683 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Planar cell polarity (PCP) is evolutionary conserved and play a critical role in proper tissue development and function. During central nervous system development, PCP proteins exhibit specific patterns of distribution and are indispensable for axonal growth, dendritogenesis, neuronal migration, and neuronal differentiation. The retina constitutes an excellent model in which to study molecular mechanisms involved in neural development. The analysis of the spatiotemporal expression of PCP proteins in this model constitutes an useful histological approach in order to identify possible roles of these proteins in retinogenesis. Immunohistochemical techniques revealed that Frz6, Celsr1, Vangl1, Pk1, Pk3, and Fat1 were present in emerging axons from recently differentiated ganglion cells in the chicken retina. Except for Vangl1, they were also asymmetrically distributed in differentiated amacrine cells. Pk1 and Pk3 were restricted in the outer nuclear layer to the outer segment of photoreceptors. Vangl1 was also located in the cell somata of Müller glia. Given these findings together, the distribution of PCP proteins in the developing chicken retina suggest essential roles in axonal guidance during early retinogenesis and a possible involvement in the establishment of cell asymmetry and maintenance of retinal cell phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe Álvarez-Hernán
- Área de Biología Celular, Departamento de Anatomía, Biología Celular y Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Sergio Garrido-Jiménez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Ángel Carlos Román
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - José María Carvajal-González
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain.
| | - Javier Francisco-Morcillo
- Área de Biología Celular, Departamento de Anatomía, Biología Celular y Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain.
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14
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Planar cell polarity (PCP) proteins support spermatogenesis through cytoskeletal organization in the testis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 121:99-113. [PMID: 34059418 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Few reports are found in the literature regarding the role of planar cell polarity (PCP) in supporting spermatogenesis in the testis. Yet morphological studies reported decades earlier have illustrated the directional alignment of polarized developing spermatids, most notably step 17-19 spermatids in stage V-early VIII tubules in the testis, across the plane of the epithelium in seminiferous tubules of adult rats. Such morphological features have unequivocally demonstrated the presence of PCP in developing spermatids, analogous to the PCP noted in hair cells of the cochlea in mammals. Emerging evidence in recent years has shown that Sertoli and germ cells express numerous PCP proteins, mostly notably, the core PCP proteins, PCP effectors and PCP signaling proteins. In this review, we discuss recent findings in the field regarding the two core PCP protein complexes, namely the Van Gogh-like 2 (Vangl2)/Prickle (Pk) complex and the Frizzled (Fzd)/Dishevelled (Dvl) complex. These findings have illustrated that these PCP proteins exert their regulatory role to support spermatogenesis through changes in the organization of actin and microtubule (MT) cytoskeletons in Sertoli cells. For instance, these PCP proteins confer PCP to developing spermatids. As such, developing haploid spermatids can be aligned and orderly packed within the limited space of the seminiferous tubules in the testes for the production of sperm via spermatogenesis. Thus, each adult male in the mouse, rat or human can produce an upward of 30, 50 or 300 million spermatozoa on a daily basis, respectively, throughout the adulthood. We also highlight critical areas of research that deserve attention in future studies. We also provide a hypothetical model by which PCP proteins support spermatogenesis based on recent studies in the testis. It is conceivable that the hypothetical model shown here will be updated as more data become available in future years, but this information can serve as the framework by investigators to unravel the role of PCP in spermatogenesis.
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15
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Ganesh RA, Venkataraman K, Sirdeshmukh R. GPR56: An adhesion GPCR involved in brain development, neurological disorders and cancer. Brain Res 2020; 1747:147055. [PMID: 32798453 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.147055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
GPR56/ADGRG1 is a member of the adhesion G-protein coupled receptor (aGPCR) family and one of the important players in the normal development of the brain. It plays a pivotal role in the diverse neurobiological processes, including cortical formation, oligodendrocyte development, and myelination. Mutations in GPR56 are known to cause brain malformation, myelination defects and are also implied in many cancers, including brain tumors. Since its identification almost two decades ago, GPR56 has emerged from an orphaned and uncharacterized GPCR to an increasingly well studied receptor. Yet, much needs to be understood about GPR56, both in terms of its molecular interactions and biological functions that may be relevant in normal health and disease. The review is focussed on the recent available knowledge of GPR56, which would give useful insights into its known and potential roles in the human brain, neurological disorders, and brain tumors like glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raksha A Ganesh
- Mazumdar Shaw Center for Translational Research, Narayana Health, Bangalore 560099, India; Center for Bio-Separation Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632104, India
| | - Krishnan Venkataraman
- Center for Bio-Separation Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632104, India
| | - Ravi Sirdeshmukh
- Mazumdar Shaw Center for Translational Research, Narayana Health, Bangalore 560099, India; Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore 560066, India; Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India.
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16
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Anastas JN, Zee BM, Kalin JH, Kim M, Guo R, Alexandrescu S, Blanco MA, Giera S, Gillespie SM, Das J, Wu M, Nocco S, Bonal DM, Nguyen QD, Suva ML, Bernstein BE, Alani R, Golub TR, Cole PA, Filbin MG, Shi Y. Re-programing Chromatin with a Bifunctional LSD1/HDAC Inhibitor Induces Therapeutic Differentiation in DIPG. Cancer Cell 2019; 36:528-544.e10. [PMID: 31631026 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2019.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
H3K27M mutations resulting in epigenetic dysfunction are frequently observed in diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPGs), an incurable pediatric cancer. We conduct a CRISPR screen revealing that knockout of KDM1A encoding lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) sensitizes DIPG cells to histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors. Consistently, Corin, a bifunctional inhibitor of HDACs and LSD1, potently inhibits DIPG growth in vitro and in xenografts. Mechanistically, Corin increases H3K27me3 levels suppressed by H3K27M histones, and simultaneously increases HDAC-targeted H3K27ac and LSD1-targeted H3K4me1 at differentiation-associated genes. Corin treatment induces cell death, cell-cycle arrest, and a cellular differentiation phenotype and drives transcriptional changes correlating with increased survival time in DIPG patients. These data suggest a strategy for treating DIPG by simultaneously inhibiting LSD1 and HDACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie N Anastas
- Division of Newborn Medicine and Epigenetics Program, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Barry M Zee
- Division of Newborn Medicine and Epigenetics Program, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jay H Kalin
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Womens Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mirhee Kim
- NYU Medical School, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Robyn Guo
- Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Sanda Alexandrescu
- Department of Pathology Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Children's Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Mario Andres Blanco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Shawn M Gillespie
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jayanta Das
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Muzhou Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Sarah Nocco
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Dennis M Bonal
- Lurie Family Imaging Center, Center for Biomedical Imaging in Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Quang-De Nguyen
- Lurie Family Imaging Center, Center for Biomedical Imaging in Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Mario L Suva
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Bradley E Bernstein
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Rhoda Alani
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Todd R Golub
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 4000 Jones Bridge Road, Chevy Chase, 20815 MD, USA
| | - Philip A Cole
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Womens Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mariella G Filbin
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Children's Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Yang Shi
- Division of Newborn Medicine and Epigenetics Program, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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17
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Der Vartanian A, Chabanais J, Carrion C, Maftah A, Germot A. Downregulation of POFUT1 Impairs Secondary Myogenic Fusion Through a Reduced NFATc2/IL-4 Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184396. [PMID: 31500188 PMCID: PMC6770550 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Past work has shown that the protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1) is involved in mammal myogenic differentiation program. Pofut1 knockdown (Po –) in murine C2C12 cells leads to numerous elongated and thin myotubes, suggesting significant defects in secondary fusion. Among the few pathways involved in this process, NFATc2/IL-4 is described as the major one. To unravel the impact of POFUT1 on secondary fusion, we used wild-type (WT) C2C12 and Po – cell lines to follow Myf6, Nfatc2, Il-4 and Il-4rα expressions during a 120 h myogenic differentiation time course. Secreted IL-4 was quantified by ELISA. IL-4Rα expression and its labeling on myogenic cell types were investigated by Western blot and immunofluorescence, respectively. Phenotypic observations of cells treated with IL-4Rα blocking antibody were performed. In Po –, we found a decrease in nuclei number per myotube and a downexpression of Myf6. The observed downregulation of Nfatc2 is correlated to a diminution of secreted IL-4 and to the low level of IL-4Rα for reserve cells. Neutralization of IL-4Rα on WT C2C12 promotes myonuclear accretion defects, similarly to those identified in Po –. Thus, POFUT1 could be a new controller of myotube growth during myogenesis, especially through NFATc2/IL-4 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Der Vartanian
- PEIRENE, EA 7500, Glycosylation et différenciation cellulaire, Université de Limoges, F-87000 Limoges, France
- present address: INSERM, IMRB U955-E10, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Est Créteil, F-94000 Créteil, France
| | - Julien Chabanais
- PEIRENE, EA 7500, Glycosylation et différenciation cellulaire, Université de Limoges, F-87000 Limoges, France
| | - Claire Carrion
- UMR CNRS 7276, Contrôle de la Réponse Immune et des Lymphoproliférations, Université de Limoges, F-87000 Limoges, France
| | - Abderrahman Maftah
- PEIRENE, EA 7500, Glycosylation et différenciation cellulaire, Université de Limoges, F-87000 Limoges, France
| | - Agnès Germot
- PEIRENE, EA 7500, Glycosylation et différenciation cellulaire, Université de Limoges, F-87000 Limoges, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)5-55-45-76-57
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18
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Folts CJ, Giera S, Li T, Piao X. Adhesion G Protein-Coupled Receptors as Drug Targets for Neurological Diseases. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2019; 40:278-293. [PMID: 30871735 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The family of adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (aGPCRs) consists of 33 members in humans. Although the majority are orphan receptors with unknown functions, many reports have demonstrated critical functions for some members of this family in organogenesis, neurodevelopment, myelination, angiogenesis, and cancer progression. Importantly, mutations in several aGPCRs have been linked to human diseases. The crystal structure of a shared protein domain, the GPCR Autoproteolysis INducing (GAIN) domain, has enabled the discovery of a common signaling mechanism - a tethered agonist - for this class of receptors. A series of recent reports has shed new light on their biological functions and disease relevance. This review focuses on these recent advances in our understanding of aGPCR biology in the nervous system and the untapped potential of aGPCRs as novel therapeutic targets for neurological disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Folts
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Medicine, Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Current address: Vertex Pharmaceuticals, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, MA 02210, USA
| | - Stefanie Giera
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Medicine, Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Current address: Sanofi S.A., 49 New York Avenue, Framingham, MA 01701, USA
| | - Tao Li
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Medicine, Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Xianhua Piao
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Medicine, Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Newborn Brain Research Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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19
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Multiple effects of the herbicide glufosinate-ammonium and its main metabolite on neural stem cells from the subventricular zone of newborn mice. Neurotoxicology 2018; 69:152-163. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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20
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Hilal ML, Moreau MM, Racca C, Pinheiro VL, Piguel NH, Santoni MJ, Dos Santos Carvalho S, Blanc JM, Abada YSK, Peyroutou R, Medina C, Doat H, Papouin T, Vuillard L, Borg JP, Rachel R, Panatier A, Montcouquiol M, Oliet SHR, Sans N. Activity-Dependent Neuroplasticity Induced by an Enriched Environment Reverses Cognitive Deficits in Scribble Deficient Mouse. Cereb Cortex 2018; 27:5635-5651. [PMID: 28968740 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling is well known to play a critical role during prenatal brain development; whether it plays specific roles at postnatal stages remains rather unknown. Here, we investigated the role of a key PCP-associated gene scrib in CA1 hippocampal structure and function at postnatal stages. We found that Scrib is required for learning and memory consolidation in the Morris water maze as well as synaptic maturation and NMDAR-dependent bidirectional plasticity. Furthermore, we unveiled a direct molecular interaction between Scrib and PP1/PP2A phosphatases whose levels were decreased in postsynaptic density of conditional knock-out mice. Remarkably, exposure to enriched environment (EE) preserved memory formation in CaMK-Scrib-/- mice by recovering synaptic plasticity and maturation. Thus, Scrib is required for synaptic function involved in memory formation and EE has beneficiary therapeutic effects. Our results demonstrate a distinct new role for a PCP-associated protein, beyond embryonic development, in cognitive functions during adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muna L Hilal
- INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, Unité U1215, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Maité M Moreau
- INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, Unité U1215, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Claudia Racca
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Vera L Pinheiro
- INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, Unité U1215, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Nicolas H Piguel
- INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, Unité U1215, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Marie-Josée Santoni
- CRCM, INSERM U1068, F-13009 Marseille, France.,CRCM, CNRS UMR7258, F-13009 Marseille, France.,Institut Paoli-Calmettes, F-13009 Marseille, France.,Aix-Marseille Université, F-13007 Marseille, France
| | - Steve Dos Santos Carvalho
- INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, Unité U1215, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-Michel Blanc
- INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, Unité U1215, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.,BioXtal Structural Biology Unit, Campus de Luminy, F-13288 Marseille, France.,University of Bordeaux, Plateforme de Biochimie et de Biophysique des protéines, FR Bordeaux Neurocampus, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Yah-Se K Abada
- INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, Unité U1215, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Ronan Peyroutou
- INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, Unité U1215, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Chantal Medina
- INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, Unité U1215, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Hélène Doat
- INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, Unité U1215, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Thomas Papouin
- INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, Unité U1215, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Laurent Vuillard
- BioXtal Structural Biology Unit, Campus de Luminy, F-13288 Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Paul Borg
- CRCM, INSERM U1068, F-13009 Marseille, France.,CRCM, CNRS UMR7258, F-13009 Marseille, France.,Institut Paoli-Calmettes, F-13009 Marseille, France.,Aix-Marseille Université, F-13007 Marseille, France
| | - Rivka Rachel
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA
| | - Aude Panatier
- INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, Unité U1215, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Mireille Montcouquiol
- INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, Unité U1215, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Stéphane H R Oliet
- INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, Unité U1215, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Nathalie Sans
- INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, Unité U1215, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
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21
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Einarsdottir E, Grauers A, Wang J, Jiao H, Escher SA, Danielsson A, Simony A, Andersen M, Christensen SB, Åkesson K, Kou I, Khanshour AM, Ohlin A, Wise C, Ikegawa S, Kere J, Gerdhem P. CELSR2 is a candidate susceptibility gene in idiopathic scoliosis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189591. [PMID: 29240829 PMCID: PMC5730153 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A Swedish pedigree with an autosomal dominant inheritance of idiopathic scoliosis was initially studied by genetic linkage analysis, prioritising genomic regions for further analysis. This revealed a locus on chromosome 1 with a putative risk haplotype shared by all affected individuals. Two affected individuals were subsequently exome-sequenced, identifying a rare, non-synonymous variant in the CELSR2 gene. This variant is rs141489111, a c.G6859A change in exon 21 (NM_001408), leading to a predicted p.V2287I (NP_001399.1) change. This variant was found in all affected members of the pedigree, but showed reduced penetrance. Analysis of tagging variants in CELSR1-3 in a set of 1739 Swedish-Danish scoliosis cases and 1812 controls revealed significant association (p = 0.0001) to rs2281894, a common synonymous variant in CELSR2. This association was not replicated in case-control cohorts from Japan and the US. No association was found to variants in CELSR1 or CELSR3. Our findings suggest a rare variant in CELSR2 as causative for idiopathic scoliosis in a family with dominant segregation and further highlight common variation in CELSR2 in general susceptibility to idiopathic scoliosis in the Swedish-Danish population. Both variants are located in the highly conserved GAIN protein domain, which is necessary for the auto-proteolysis of CELSR2, suggesting its functional importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet Einarsdottir
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, and Molecular Neurology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Anna Grauers
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sundsvall and Härnösand County Hospital, Sundsvall, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jingwen Wang
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Hong Jiao
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Stefan A. Escher
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Aina Danielsson
- Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgren Academy at Gothenburg University, Göteborg, Sweden
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sahlgren University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Ane Simony
- Sector for Spine Surgery & Research, Middelfart Hospital, Middelfart, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Andersen
- Sector for Spine Surgery & Research, Middelfart Hospital, Middelfart, Denmark
| | | | - Kristina Åkesson
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Clinical and Molecular Osteoporosis Research Unit, Malmö, Sweden
- Skåne University Hospital, Department of Orthopedics, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ikuyo Kou
- Laboratory of Bone and Joint Diseases, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Anas M. Khanshour
- Sarah M. and Charles E. Seay Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Acke Ohlin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Carol Wise
- Sarah M. and Charles E. Seay Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development and Departments of Pediatrics and Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Shiro Ikegawa
- Laboratory of Bone and Joint Diseases, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Juha Kere
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, and Molecular Neurology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Gerdhem
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Orthopaedics, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
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22
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Palumbo P, Accadia M, Leone MP, Palladino T, Stallone R, Carella M, Palumbo O. Clinical and molecular characterization of an emerging chromosome 22q13.31 microdeletion syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2017; 176:391-398. [PMID: 29193617 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Microdeletion of chromosome 22q13.31 is a very rare condition. Fourteen patients have been annotated in public databases but, to date, a clinical comparison has not been done and, consequently, a specific phenotype has not been delineated yet. We describe a patient showing neurodevelopmental disorders, dysmorphic features, and multiple congenital anomalies in which SNP array analysis revealed an interstitial 3.15 Mb de novo microdeletion in the 22q13.31 region encompassing 21 RefSeq genes and seven non-coding microRNAs. To perform an accurate phenotype characterization, clinical features observed in previously reported cases of 22q13.31 microdeletions were reviewed and compared to those observed in our patient. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that a comparison between patients carrying overlapping 22q13.31 deletions has been done. This comparison allowed us to identify a distinct spectrum of clinical manifestations suggesting that patients with a de novo interstitial microdeletion involving 22q13.31 have an emerging syndrome characterized by developmental delay/intellectual disability, speech delay/language disorders, behavioral problems, hypotonia, urogenital, and hands/feet anomalies. The microdeletion identified in our patient is the smallest reported so far and, for this reason, useful to perform a detailed genotype-phenotype correlation. In particular, we propose the CELSR1, ATXN10, FBLN1, and UPK3A as candidate genes in the onset of the main clinical features of this contiguous gene syndrome. Thus, the patient reported here broadens our knowledge of the phenotypic consequences of 22q13.31 microdeletions facilitating genotype-phenotype correlations. Additional cases are needed to corroborate our hypothesis and confirm genotype-phenotype correlations of this emerging syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Palumbo
- Divisionof Medical Genetics, Poliambulatorio "Giovanni Paolo II," IRCCSCasa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Viale Padre Pio, San Giovanni Rotondo FG, Italy
| | - Maria Accadia
- Divisionof Medical Genetics, Poliambulatorio "Giovanni Paolo II," IRCCSCasa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Viale Padre Pio, San Giovanni Rotondo FG, Italy.,Medical Genetics Service, Hospital "Cardinale G. Panico," Via San Pio X n°4, Tricase, Italy
| | - Maria P Leone
- Divisionof Medical Genetics, Poliambulatorio "Giovanni Paolo II," IRCCSCasa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Viale Padre Pio, San Giovanni Rotondo FG, Italy.,Department of Soil, Plant, and Food Science, University of Bari "Aldo Moro,", Bari, Italy
| | - Teresa Palladino
- Divisionof Medical Genetics, Poliambulatorio "Giovanni Paolo II," IRCCSCasa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Viale Padre Pio, San Giovanni Rotondo FG, Italy
| | - Raffaella Stallone
- Divisionof Medical Genetics, Poliambulatorio "Giovanni Paolo II," IRCCSCasa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Viale Padre Pio, San Giovanni Rotondo FG, Italy
| | - Massimo Carella
- Divisionof Medical Genetics, Poliambulatorio "Giovanni Paolo II," IRCCSCasa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Viale Padre Pio, San Giovanni Rotondo FG, Italy
| | - Orazio Palumbo
- Divisionof Medical Genetics, Poliambulatorio "Giovanni Paolo II," IRCCSCasa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Viale Padre Pio, San Giovanni Rotondo FG, Italy
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23
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De Novo Coding Variants Are Strongly Associated with Tourette Disorder. Neuron 2017; 94:486-499.e9. [PMID: 28472652 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Revised: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Whole-exome sequencing (WES) and de novo variant detection have proven a powerful approach to gene discovery in complex neurodevelopmental disorders. We have completed WES of 325 Tourette disorder trios from the Tourette International Collaborative Genetics cohort and a replication sample of 186 trios from the Tourette Syndrome Association International Consortium on Genetics (511 total). We observe strong and consistent evidence for the contribution of de novo likely gene-disrupting (LGD) variants (rate ratio [RR] 2.32, p = 0.002). Additionally, de novo damaging variants (LGD and probably damaging missense) are overrepresented in probands (RR 1.37, p = 0.003). We identify four likely risk genes with multiple de novo damaging variants in unrelated probands: WWC1 (WW and C2 domain containing 1), CELSR3 (Cadherin EGF LAG seven-pass G-type receptor 3), NIPBL (Nipped-B-like), and FN1 (fibronectin 1). Overall, we estimate that de novo damaging variants in approximately 400 genes contribute risk in 12% of clinical cases. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
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24
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Abstract
Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (aGPCRs/ADGRs) are unique receptors that combine cell adhesion and signaling functions. Protein networks related to ADGRs exert diverse functions, e.g., in tissue polarity, cell migration, nerve cell function, or immune response, and are regulated via different mechanisms. The large extracellular domain of ADGRs is capable of mediating cell-cell or cell-matrix protein interactions. Their intracellular surface and domains are coupled to downstream signaling pathways and often bind to scaffold proteins, organizing membrane-associated protein complexes. The cohesive interplay between ADGR-related network components is essential to prevent severe disease-causing damage in numerous cell types. Consequently, in recent years, attention has focused on the decipherment of the precise molecular composition of ADGR protein complexes and interactomes in various cellular modules. In this chapter, we discuss the affiliation of ADGR networks to cellular modules and how they can be regulated, pinpointing common features in the networks related to the diverse ADGRs. Detailed decipherment of the composition of protein networks should provide novel targets for the development of novel therapies with the aim to cure human diseases related to ADGRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Knapp
- Cell and Matrix Biology, Institute of Zoology, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Johannes von Muellerweg 6, Mainz, 55099, Germany
| | - Uwe Wolfrum
- Cell and Matrix Biology, Institute of Zoology, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Johannes von Muellerweg 6, Mainz, 55099, Germany.
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25
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Krishnan A, Schiöth HB. The role of G protein-coupled receptors in the early evolution of neurotransmission and the nervous system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 218:562-71. [PMID: 25696819 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.110312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The origin and evolution of the nervous system is one of the most intriguing and enigmatic events in biology. The recent sequencing of complete genomes from early metazoan organisms provides a new platform to study the origins of neuronal gene families. This review explores the early metazoan expansion of the largest integral transmembrane protein family, the G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which serve as molecular targets for a large subset of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides in higher animals. GPCR repertories from four pre-bilaterian metazoan genomes were compared. This includes the cnidarian Nematostella vectensis and the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi, which have primitive nervous systems (nerve nets), the demosponge Amphimedon queenslandica and the placozoan Trichoplax adhaerens, which lack nerve and muscle cells. Comparative genomics demonstrate that the rhodopsin and glutamate receptor families, known to be involved in neurotransmission in higher animals are also widely found in pre-bilaterian metazoans and possess substantial expansions of rhodopsin-family-like GPCRs. Furthermore, the emerging knowledge on the functions of adhesion GPCRs in the vertebrate nervous system provides a platform to examine possible analogous roles of their closest homologues in pre-bilaterians. Intriguingly, the presence of molecular components required for GPCR-mediated neurotransmission in pre-bilaterians reveals that they exist in both primitive nervous systems and nerve-cell-free environments, providing essential comparative models to better understand the origins of the nervous system and neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunkumar Krishnan
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 593,751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Helgi B Schiöth
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 593,751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
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26
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Abstract
In the mammalian hippocampus, canonical Wnt signals provided by the microenvironment regulate the differentiation of adult neural stem cells (NSCs) toward the neuronal lineage. Wnts are part of a complex and diverse set of signaling pathways and the role of Wnt/Planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling in adult neurogenesis remains unknown. Using in vitro assays on differentiating adult NSCs, we identified a transition of Wnt signaling responsiveness from Wnt/β-catenin to Wnt/PCP signaling. In mice, retroviral knockdown strategies against ATP6AP2, a recently discovered core protein involved in both signaling pathways, revealed that its dual role is critical for granule cell fate and morphogenesis. We were able to confirm its dual role in neurogenic Wnt signaling in vitro for both canonical Wnt signaling in proliferating adult NSCs and non-canonical Wnt signaling in differentiating neuroblasts. Although LRP6 appeared to be critical for granule cell fate determination, in vivo knockdown of PCP core proteins FZD3 and CELSR1-3 revealed severe maturational defects without changing the identity of newborn granule cells. Furthermore, we found that CELSR1-3 control distinctive aspects of PCP-mediated granule cell morphogenesis with CELSR1 regulating the direction of dendrite initiation sites and CELSR2/3 controlling radial migration and dendritic patterning. The data presented here characterize distinctive roles for Wnt/β-catenin signaling in granule cell fate determination and for Wnt/PCP signaling in controlling the morphological maturation of differentiating neuroblasts.
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27
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Keeler AB, Molumby MJ, Weiner JA. Protocadherins branch out: Multiple roles in dendrite development. Cell Adh Migr 2015; 9:214-26. [PMID: 25869446 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2014.1000069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The proper formation of dendritic arbors is a critical step in neural circuit formation, and as such defects in arborization are associated with a variety of neurodevelopmental disorders. Among the best gene candidates are those encoding cell adhesion molecules, including members of the diverse cadherin superfamily characterized by distinctive, repeated adhesive domains in their extracellular regions. Protocadherins (Pcdhs) make up the largest group within this superfamily, encompassing over 80 genes, including the ∼60 genes of the α-, β-, and γ-Pcdh gene clusters and the non-clustered δ-Pcdh genes. An additional group includes the atypical cadherin genes encoding the giant Fat and Dachsous proteins and the 7-transmembrane cadherins. In this review we highlight the many roles that Pcdhs and atypical cadherins have been demonstrated to play in dendritogenesis, dendrite arborization, and dendritic spine regulation. Together, the published studies we discuss implicate these members of the cadherin superfamily as key regulators of dendrite development and function, and as potential therapeutic targets for future interventions in neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Key Words
- CNR, Cadherin related neuronal receptor
- CTCF, CCCTC-binding factor
- CaMKII, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II.
- Celsr, Cadherin EGF LAG 7-pass G-type receptor 1
- DSCAM, Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule
- Dnmt3b, DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase 3 β
- Ds, Dachsous
- EC, extracellular cadherin
- EGF, Epidermal growth factor
- FAK, Focal adhesion kinase
- FMRP, Fragile X mental retardation protein
- Fj, Four jointed
- Fjx1, Four jointed box 1
- GPCR, G-protein-coupled receptor
- Gogo, Golden Goal
- LIM domain, Lin11, Isl-1 & Mec-3 domain
- MARCKS, Myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate
- MEF2, Myocyte enhancer factor 2
- MEK3, Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 3
- PCP, planar cell polarity
- PKC, Protein kinase C
- PSD, Post-synaptic density
- PYK2, Protein tyrosine kinase 2
- Pcdh
- Pcdh, Protocadherin
- RGC, Retinal ganglion cell
- RNAi, RNA interference
- Rac1, Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1
- S2 cells, Schneider 2 cells
- SAC, starburst amacrine cell
- TAF1, Template-activating factor 1
- TAO2β, Thousand and one amino acid protein kinase 2 β
- TM, transmembrane
- arborization
- atypical cadherin
- branching
- cadherin superfamily
- cell adhesion
- da neuron, dendritic arborization neuron
- dendritic
- dendritic spine
- dendritogenesis
- fmi, Flamingo
- md neuron, multiple dendrite neuron
- neural circuit formation
- p38 MAPK, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase
- self avoidance
- synaptogenesis
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin B Keeler
- a Department of Biology ; Neuroscience Graduate Program; University of Iowa ; Iowa City , IA USA
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Wang XJ, Zhang DL, Xu ZG, Ma ML, Wang WB, Li LL, Han XL, Huo Y, Yu X, Sun JP. Understanding cadherin EGF LAG seven-pass G-type receptors. J Neurochem 2014; 131:699-711. [PMID: 25280249 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The cadherin epidermal growth factor (EGF) laminin G (LAG) seven-pass G-type receptors (CELSRs) are a special subgroup of adhesion G protein-coupled receptors, which are pivotal regulators of many biologic processes such as neuronal/endocrine cell differentiation, vessel valve formation, and the control of planar cell polarity during embryonic development. All three members of the CELSR family (CELSR1-3) have large ecto-domains that form homophilic interactions and encompass more than 2000 amino acids. Mutations in the ecto-domain or other gene locations of CELSRs are associated with neural tube defects and other diseases in humans. Celsr knockout (KO) animals have many developmental defects. Therefore, specific agonists or antagonists of CELSR members may have therapeutic potential. Although significant progress has been made regarding the functions and biochemical properties of CELSRs, our knowledge of these receptors is still lacking, especially considering that they are broadly distributed but have few characterized functions in a limited number of tissues. The dynamic activation and inactivation of CELSRs and the presence of endogenous ligands beyond homophilic interactions remain elusive, as do the regulatory mechanisms and downstream signaling of these receptors. Given this motivation, future studies with more advanced cell biology or biochemical tools, such as conditional KO mice, may provide further insights into the mechanisms underlying CELSR function, laying the foundation for the design of new CELSR-targeted therapeutic reagents. The cadherin EGF LAG seven-pass G-type receptors (CELSRs) are a special subgroup of adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which have large ecto-domains that form homophilic interactions and encompass more than 2000 amino acids. Recent studies have revealed that CELSRs are pivotal regulators of many biological processes, such as neuronal/endocrine cell differentiation, vessel valve formation and the control of planar cell polarity during embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China; Department of Cell Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial School Key laboratory for Protein Science of Chronic Degenerative Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China
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