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Ou Z, You Y, Yi H, Liu X, Tong Y, Liu D, Wang J. Key Lipoprotein Receptor Targeted Echinacoside-Liposomes Effective Against Parkinson's Disease in Mice Model. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:8463-8483. [PMID: 39185346 PMCID: PMC11342948 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s468942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. The precise molecular mechanisms underlying neuronal loss in PD remain unknown, and there are currently no effective treatments for PD-associated neurodegeneration. Echinacoside (ECH) is known for its neuroprotective effects, which include scavenging cellular reactive oxygen species and promoting mitochondrial fusion. However, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) limits the bioavailability of ECH in the brain, posing a significant challenge to its use in PD treatment. Methods We synthesized and characterized PEGylated ECH liposomes (ECH@Lip) and peptide angiopep-2 (ANG) modified liposomes (ECH@ANG-Lip). The density of ANG in ANG-Lip was optimized using bEnd.3 cells. The brain-targeting ability of the liposomes was assessed in vitro using a transwell BBB model and in vivo using an imaging system and LC-MS. We evaluated the enhanced neuroprotective properties of this formulation in a the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced PD model. Results The ECH@ANG-Lip demonstrated significantly higher whole-brain uptake compared to ECH@Lip and free ECH. Furthermore, ECH@ANG-Lip was more effective in mitigating MPTP-induced behavioral impairment, oxidative stress, dopamine depletion, and dopaminergic neuron death than both ECH@Lip and free ECH. Conclusion The formulation used in our study significantly enhanced the neuroprotective efficacy of ECH in the MPTP-induced PD model. Thus, ECH@ANG-Lip shows considerable potential for improving the bioavailability of ECH and providing neuroprotective effects in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zemin Ou
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yun You
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Yi
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqian Liu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Tong
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dewen Liu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinyu Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Zhiyan C, Min Z, Yida D, Chunying H, Xiaohua H, Yutong L, Huan W, Linjuan S. Bioinformatic analysis of hippocampal histopathology in Alzheimer's disease and the therapeutic effects of active components of traditional Chinese medicine. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1424803. [PMID: 39221152 PMCID: PMC11362046 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1424803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Pathological changes in the central nervous system (CNS) begin before the clinical symptoms of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) manifest, with the hippocampus being one of the first affected structures. Current treatments fail to alter AD progression. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has shown potential in improving AD pathology through multi-target mechanisms. This study investigates pathological changes in AD hippocampal tissue and explores TCM active components that may alleviate these changes. Methods GSE5281 and GSE173955 datasets were downloaded from GEO and normalized to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Key functional modules and hub genes were analyzed using Cytoscape and R. Active TCM components were identified from literature and the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China. Enrichment analyses were performed on target genes overlapping with DEGs. Result From the datasets, 76 upregulated and 363 downregulated genes were identified. Hub genes included SLAMF, CD34, ELN (upregulated) and ATP5F1B, VDAC1, VDAC2, HSPA8, ATP5F1C, PDHA1, UBB, SNCA, YWHAZ, PGK1 (downregulated). Literature review identified 33 active components from 23 herbal medicines. Target gene enrichment and analysis were performed for six components: dihydroartemisinin, berberine, naringenin, calycosin, echinacoside, and icariside II. Conclusion Mitochondrial to synaptic vesicle dysfunction pathways were enriched in downregulated genes. Despite downregulation, UBB and SNCA proteins accumulate in AD brains. TCM studies suggest curcumin and echinacoside may improve hippocampal pathology and cognitive impairment in AD. Further investigation into their mechanisms is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhiyan
- Graduate School of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhan Min
- Department of Neurology, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Xiyuan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Du Yida
- Graduate School of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - He Chunying
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hu Xiaohua
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Yutong
- Graduate School of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wang Huan
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sun Linjuan
- Department of Neurology, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Xiyuan Hospital, Beijing, China
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Ahmadi F, Kariman K, Mousavi M, Rengel Z. Echinacea: Bioactive Compounds and Agronomy. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1235. [PMID: 38732450 PMCID: PMC11085449 DOI: 10.3390/plants13091235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
For centuries, medicinal plants have been used as sources of remedies and treatments for various disorders and diseases. Recently, there has been renewed interest in these plants due to their potential pharmaceutical properties, offering natural alternatives to synthetic drugs. Echinacea, among the world's most important medicinal plants, possesses immunological, antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral properties. Nevertheless, there is a notable lack of thorough information regarding the echinacea species, underscoring the vital need for a comprehensive review paper to consolidate existing knowledge. The current review provides a thorough analysis of the existing knowledge on recent advances in understanding the physiology, secondary metabolites, agronomy, and ecology of echinacea plants, focusing on E. purpurea, E. angustifolia, and E. pallida. Pharmacologically advantageous effects of echinacea species on human health, particularly distinguished for its ability to safeguard the nervous system and combat cancer, are discussed. We also highlight challenges in echinacea research and provide insights into diverse approaches to boost the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites of interest in echinacea plants and optimize their large-scale farming. Various academic databases were employed to carry out an extensive literature review of publications from 2001 to 2024. The medicinal properties of echinacea plants are attributed to diverse classes of compounds, including caffeic acid derivatives (CADs), chicoric acid, echinacoside, chlorogenic acid, cynarine, phenolic and flavonoid compounds, polysaccharides, and alkylamides. Numerous critical issues have emerged, including the identification of active metabolites with limited bioavailability, the elucidation of specific molecular signaling pathways or targets linked to echinacoside effects, and the scarcity of robust clinical trials. This raises the overarching question of whether scientific inquiry can effectively contribute to harnessing the potential of natural compounds. A systematic review and analysis are essential to furnish insights and lay the groundwork for future research endeavors focused on the echinacea natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Ahmadi
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; (K.K.); (M.M.); (Z.R.)
| | - Khalil Kariman
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; (K.K.); (M.M.); (Z.R.)
| | - Milad Mousavi
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; (K.K.); (M.M.); (Z.R.)
| | - Zed Rengel
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; (K.K.); (M.M.); (Z.R.)
- Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, 21000 Split, Croatia
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Wu Q, Ou C, Wang J, Wu X, Gao Z, Zhao Y, Lu G, Wu Z, Yu H. Jiawei Kongsheng Zhenzhong Pill: marker compounds, absorption into the serum (rat), and Q-markers identified by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1328632. [PMID: 38375037 PMCID: PMC10875140 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1328632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The Jiawei Kongsheng Zhenzhong pill (JKZP), a Chinese herbal prescription comprised of eight Chinese crude drugs, has been historically employed to treat neurological and psychological disorders. Nevertheless, the ambiguous material basis severely hindered its progress and application. Purpose: The current study aimed to establish a rapid analytical method for identifying the chemical components of the JKZP aqueous extract and the components absorbed into the rat serum to investigate the quality markers (Q-markers) responsible for the neuroprotective effects of JKZP. Methods: The qualitative detection of the chemical components, prototype components, and metabolites of the aqueous extracts of JKZP, as well as the serum samples of rats that were administered the drug, was performed using the ultra-performance liquid chromatography- quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) technology. This analysis combined information from literature reports and database comparisons. Moreover, the study was conducted to anticipate the potential Q-markers for the neuroprotective effects of JKZP based on the "five principles" of Q-marker determination. Results: A total of 67 compounds and 111 serum components (comprising 33 prototypes and 78 metabolites) were detected and identified. Combining the principles of quality transmission and traceability, compound compatibility environment, component specificity, effectiveness, and measurability, the study predicted that five key compounds, namely, senkyunolide H, danshensu, echinacoside, loganin, and 3,6'-disinapoyl sucrose, may serve as potential pharmacological bases for the neuroprotective effects of JKZP. Conclusion: To summarize, the UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS technique can be employed to rapidly and accurately identify compounds in JKZP. Five active compounds have been predicted to be the Q-markers for the neuroprotective effects of JKZP. This discovery serves as a reference for improving quality, advancing further research and development, and utilizing Chinese herbal prescriptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaolan Wu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Chunxue Ou
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jiayun Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaolin Wu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zu Gao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Guangying Lu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Co-innovation Center of Classic TCM Formula, Jinan, China
| | - Zhichun Wu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Co-innovation Center of Classic TCM Formula, Jinan, China
| | - Huayun Yu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Co-innovation Center of Classic TCM Formula, Jinan, China
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Zhu K, Pu PM, Li G, Zhou LY, Li ZY, Shi Q, Wang YJ, Cui XJ, Yao M. Shenqisherong pill ameliorates neuronal apoptosis by inhibiting the JNK/caspase-3 signaling pathway in a rat model of cervical cord compression. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:116901. [PMID: 37437792 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The Shenqisherong (SQSR) pill is an empirical prescription of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), which originated from the National Chinese Medical Science Master, Shi Qi. It has been widely used in the treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) and promote the recovery of spinal cord function, but underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY The objective of this study was to confirm the neuroprotective effects of the SQSR pill. MATERIALS AND METHODS A rat model of chronic compression at double-level cervical cord was used in vivo. The protective role of SQSR pill on CSM rats was measured by Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) locomotor scale, inclined plane test, forelimb grip strength assessment, hindlimb pain threshold assessment, and gait analysis. The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were examined by Dihydroethidium (DHE) staining and 2',7'-Dichlorofluorescein (DCF) assay, and apoptosis was detected by TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay. The expression of apoptosis proteins was evaluated by immunofluorescence staining and Western blot. RESULTS SQSR pill could facilitate locomotor function recovery in rats with chronic cervical cord compression, reduce local ROS in the spinal cord and downregulate the c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK)/caspase-3 signaling pathway. In addition, the SQSR pill could protect primary rat cortical neurons from glutamate-treated toxicity in vitro by reducing the ROS and downregulating the phosphorylation of JNK and its downstream factors related to neuronal apoptosis meditated by the caspase cascade. Then, the neuroprotective effect was counteracted by a JNK activator. CONCLUSIONS Together, SQSR pill could ameliorate neuronal apoptosis by restraining ROS accumulation and inhibiting the JNK/caspase-3 signaling pathway, indicating that SQSR pill could be a candidate drug for CSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhu
- Spine Disease Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Pei-Min Pu
- Spine Disease Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Gan Li
- Spine Disease Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Long-Yun Zhou
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, Jiangsu Provincial People's Hospital, Jiangsu, 210029, China.
| | - Zhuo-Yao Li
- Spine Disease Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Qi Shi
- Spine Disease Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Yong-Jun Wang
- Spine Disease Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Xue-Jun Cui
- Spine Disease Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Min Yao
- Spine Disease Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Wang W, Jiang S, Zhao Y, Zhu G. Echinacoside: A promising active natural products and pharmacological agents. Pharmacol Res 2023; 197:106951. [PMID: 37804927 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Echinacoside, a natural phenylethanoid glycoside, was discovered and isolated from the garden plant Echinacea angustifolia DC., belonging to the Compositae family, approximately sixty years ago. Extensive investigations have revealed that it possesses a wide array of pharmacologically beneficial activities for human health, particularly notable for its neuroprotective and anticancer activity. Several crucial concerns surfaced, encompassing the recognition of active metabolites that exhibited inadequate bioavailability in their prototype form, the establishment of precise molecular signal pathways or targets associated with the aforementioned effects of echinacoside, and the scarcity of dependable clinical trials. Hence, the question remains unanswered as to whether scientific research can effectively utilize this natural compound. To support future studies on this natural product, it is imperative to provide a systematic overview and insights into potential future prospects. The current review provides a comprehensive analysis of the existing knowledge on echinacoside, encompassing its wide distribution, structural diversity and metabolism, diverse therapeutic applications, and improvement of echinacoside bioavailability for its potential utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shujun Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Guoxue Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
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Yang T, Zhang Y, Chen L, Thomas ER, Yu W, Cheng B, Li X. The potential roles of ATF family in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114544. [PMID: 36934558 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Activating transcription factors, ATFs, is a family of transcription factors that activate gene expression and transcription by recognizing and combining the cAMP response element binding proteins (CREB). It is present in various viruses as a cellular gene promoter. ATFs is involved in regulating the mammalian gene expression that is associated with various cell physiological processes. Therefore, ATFs play an important role in maintaining the intracellular homeostasis. ATF2 and ATF3 is mostly involved in mediating stress responses. ATF4 regulates the oxidative metabolism, which is associated with the survival of cells. ATF5 is presumed to regulate apoptosis, and ATF6 is involved in the regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). ATFs is actively studied in oncology. At present, there has been an increasing amount of research on ATFs for the treatment of neurological diseases. Here, we have focused on the different types of ATFs and their association with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The level of expression of different ATFs have a significant difference in AD patients when compared to healthy control. Recent studies have suggested that ATFs are implicated in the pathogenesis of AD, such as neuronal repair, maintenance of synaptic activity, maintenance of cell survival, inhibition of apoptosis, and regulation of stress responses. In this review, the potential role of ATFs for the treatment of AD has been highlighted. In addition, we have systematically reviewed the progress of research on ATFs in AD. This review will provide a basic and innovative understanding on the pathogenesis and treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yuhong Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Lixuan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | | | - Wenjing Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Bo Cheng
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou 646000, China.
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
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Lin JW, Fu SC, Liu JM, Liu SH, Lee KI, Fang KM, Hsu RJ, Huang CF, Liu KM, Chang KC, Su CC, Chen YW. Chlorpyrifos induces neuronal cell death via both oxidative stress and Akt activation downstream-regulated CHOP-triggered apoptotic pathways. Toxicol In Vitro 2023; 86:105483. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Amar SK, Donohue KB, Gust KA. Cellular and molecular responses to ethyl-parathion in undifferentiated SH-SY5Y cells provide neurotoxicity pathway indicators for organophosphorus impacts. Toxicol Sci 2022; 191:285-295. [PMID: 36458919 PMCID: PMC9936206 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfac125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
High-fidelity nonanimal screening methods are needed that can rapidly and accurately characterize organophosphorus compound (OP)-induced neurotoxicity. Herein, the efficacy of human neuroblastoma cell line (SH-SY5Y) to provide molecular and cellular responses characteristic of the OP neurotoxicity pathway was investigated in response to the OP-model compound, ethyl-parathion. Undifferentiated SH-SY5Y cells were exposed to ethyl-parathion for 30 min at 0 (control), 0.5, 2.5, 5, 10, and 25 µg/ml. Dose-responsive reductions in cell viability were observed with significant reductions at ≥10 µg/ml. From these results, ethyl-parathion exposures of 0 (control), 5, and 10 µg/ml were selected to examine bioindicators underlying the OP neurotoxicity pathway including: reactive oxygen species (ROS), cell membrane peroxidation, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and apoptosis. Ethyl-parathion elicited highly significant increases in ROS relative to controls (p < .01) at both exposure concentrations, confirmed using N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) as a ROS quencher which alleviated ROS increases. A response characteristic of increased ROS exposure, cell membrane-lipid peroxidation, significantly increased (p < .05) at the highest ethyl-parathion exposure (10 µg/ml). As a likely consequence of membrane-lipid peroxidation, ethyl-parathion-induced reductions in MMP were observed with significant effects at 10 µg/ml, reducing MMP by 58.2%. As a culmination of these cellular-damage indicators, apoptosis progression was investigated by phosphatidylserine translocation where ethyl-parathion-induced dose-responsive, highly significant (p < .01) increases at both 5 and 10 µg/ml. Overall, the mechanistic responses observed in undifferentiated SH-SY5Y cells corresponded with in vivo mammalian results demonstrating potential for this nonanimal model to provide accurate OP neurotoxicology screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saroj K Amar
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA,US Army, Engineer Research and Development Center, Environmental Laboratory, Vicksburg, Mississippi 39180, USA
| | - Keri B Donohue
- US Army, Engineer Research and Development Center, Environmental Laboratory, Vicksburg, Mississippi 39180, USA
| | - Kurt A Gust
- To whom correspondence should be addressed at US Army, Engineer Research and Development Center, Environmental Laboratory EPP, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180, USA. E-mail:
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López-Cerdán A, Andreu Z, Hidalgo MR, Grillo-Risco R, Català-Senent JF, Soler-Sáez I, Neva-Alejo A, Gordillo F, de la Iglesia-Vayá M, García-García F. Unveiling sex-based differences in Parkinson's disease: a comprehensive meta-analysis of transcriptomic studies. Biol Sex Differ 2022; 13:68. [PMID: 36414996 PMCID: PMC9682715 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-022-00477-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent decades, increasing longevity (among other factors) has fostered a rise in Parkinson's disease incidence. Although not exhaustively studied in this devastating disease, the impact of sex represents a critical variable in Parkinson's disease as epidemiological and clinical features differ between males and females. METHODS To study sex bias in Parkinson's disease, we conducted a systematic review to select sex-labeled transcriptomic data from three relevant brain tissues: the frontal cortex, the striatum, and the substantia nigra. We performed differential expression analysis on each study chosen. Then we summarized the individual differential expression results with three tissue-specific meta-analyses and a global all-tissues meta-analysis. Finally, results from the meta-analysis were functionally characterized using different functional profiling approaches. RESULTS The tissue-specific meta-analyses linked Parkinson's disease to the enhanced expression of MED31 in the female frontal cortex and the dysregulation of 237 genes in the substantia nigra. The global meta-analysis detected 15 genes with sex-differential patterns in Parkinson's disease, which participate in mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, neuronal degeneration, and cell death. Furthermore, functional analyses identified pathways, protein-protein interaction networks, and transcription factors that differed by sex. While male patients exhibited changes in oxidative stress based on metal ions, inflammation, and angiogenesis, female patients exhibited dysfunctions in mitochondrial and lysosomal activity, antigen processing and presentation functions, and glutamic and purine metabolism. All results generated during this study are readily available by accessing an open web resource ( http://bioinfo.cipf.es/metafun-pd/ ) for consultation and reuse in further studies. CONCLUSIONS Our in silico approach has highlighted sex-based differential mechanisms in typical Parkinson Disease hallmarks (inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress). Additionally, we have identified specific genes and transcription factors for male and female Parkinson Disease patients that represent potential candidates as biomarkers to diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adolfo López-Cerdán
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Unit, Principe Felipe Research Center (CIPF), 46012, Valencia, Spain
- Biomedical Imaging Unit FISABIO-CIPF, Fundación Para El Fomento de La Investigación Sanitaria Y Biomédica de La Comunidad Valenciana, 46012, Valencia, Spain
| | - Zoraida Andreu
- Foundation Valencian Institute of Oncology (FIVO), 46009, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta R Hidalgo
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Unit, Principe Felipe Research Center (CIPF), 46012, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rubén Grillo-Risco
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Unit, Principe Felipe Research Center (CIPF), 46012, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Irene Soler-Sáez
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Unit, Principe Felipe Research Center (CIPF), 46012, Valencia, Spain
| | - Almudena Neva-Alejo
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Unit, Principe Felipe Research Center (CIPF), 46012, Valencia, Spain
| | - Fernando Gordillo
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Unit, Principe Felipe Research Center (CIPF), 46012, Valencia, Spain
| | - María de la Iglesia-Vayá
- Biomedical Imaging Unit FISABIO-CIPF, Fundación Para El Fomento de La Investigación Sanitaria Y Biomédica de La Comunidad Valenciana, 46012, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco García-García
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Unit, Principe Felipe Research Center (CIPF), 46012, Valencia, Spain.
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Jangra A, Verma M, Kumar D, Chandrika C, Rachamalla M, Dey A, Dua K, Jha SK, Ojha S, Alexiou A, Kumar D, Jha NK. Targeting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress using Natural Products in Neurological Disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 141:104818. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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12
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Chen P, Zhang J, Wang C, Chai YH, Wu AG, Huang NY, Wang L. The pathogenesis and treatment mechanism of Parkinson's disease from the perspective of traditional Chinese medicine. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 100:154044. [PMID: 35338993 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease with no treatment currently available to modify its progression. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has gained attention for its unique theoretical basis and clinical effects. Many studies have reported on the clinical effects and pharmacological mechanisms of Chinese herbs in PD. However, few studies have focused on the treatment mechanisms of anti-PD TCM drugs from the perspective of TCM itself. PURPOSE To elaborate the treatment mechanisms of anti-PD TCM drugs in the perspective of TCM. METHODS We performed a literature survey using traditional books of Chinese medicine and online scientific databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and others up to July 2021. RESULTS TCM theory states that PD is caused by a dysfunction of the zang-fu organs (liver, spleen, kidney, and lung) and subsequent pathogenic factors (wind, fire, phlegm, and blood stasis). Based on the pathogenesis, removing pathogenic factors and restoring visceral function are two primary treatment principles for PD in TCM. The former includes dispelling wind, clearing heat, resolving phlegm, and promoting blood circulation, while the latter involves nourishing the liver and kidney and strengthening the spleen. The anti-PD mechanisms of the active ingredients of TCM compounds and herbs at different levels include anti-apoptosis, anti-inflammation, and anti-oxidative stress, as well as the restoration of mitochondrial function and the regulation of autophagy and neurotransmitters. CONCLUSION Chinese herbs and prescriptions can be used to treat PD by targeting multiple pharmacological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- Basic Medical School, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China; Accreditation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Physician, National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Jie Zhang
- Basic Medical School, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi-Hui Chai
- Basic Medical School, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - An-Guo Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Ning-Yu Huang
- Accreditation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Physician, National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Long Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
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13
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Wang X, Yin Z, Meng X, Yang D, Meng H, Liao C, Wei L, Chen Y, Yang X, Han J, Duan Y, Zhang S. Daidzein alleviates neuronal damage and oxidative stress via GSK3β/Nrf2 pathway in mice. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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14
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Wang L, An H, Yu F, Yang J, Ding H, Bao Y, Xie H, Huang D. The Neuroprotective Effects of Paeoniflorin Against MPP +-induced Damage to Dopaminergic Neurons via the Akt/Nrf2/GPX4 Pathway. J Chem Neuroanat 2022; 122:102103. [PMID: 35489613 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2022.102103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Paeoniflorin (PF), a water-soluble monoterpene glycoside extracted from the root of Paeonia lactiflora Pall, has been shown to exert neuroprotective effects against neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD). However, its underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Our results showed that at certain concentrations, PF alleviated 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-induced morphological damage and inhibited neuronal ferroptosis. Moreover, our research indicated that the neuroprotective effect of PF could be partially blocked by ML385 (a nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) inhibitor) and LY29400 (an Akt inhibitor). These findings suggest that PF protects against MPP+-induced neurotoxicity by preventing ferroptosis via activation of the Akt/Nrf2/Gpx4 pathway in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lufeng Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hedi An
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Fei Yu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hao Ding
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yiwen Bao
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hongrong Xie
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Dongya Huang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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15
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Li J, Yu H, Yang C, Ma T, Dai Y. Therapeutic Potential and Molecular Mechanisms of Echinacoside in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:841110. [PMID: 35185590 PMCID: PMC8855092 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.841110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Echinacoside (ECH) is a natural phenylethanoid glycoside (PhG) in Cistanche tubulosa. A large number of studies have shown that ECH has very promising potential in the inhibition of neurodegenerative disease progression. Experimental studies strongly suggest that ECH exhibits a variety of beneficial effects associated with in neuronal function, including protecting mitochondrial function, anti-oxidative stress, anti-inflammatory, anti-endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), regulating autophagy and so on. The aim of this paper is to provide an extensive and actual summarization of ECH and its neuroprotective efficacy in prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and so on, based on published data from both in vivo and in vitro studies. There is a growing evidence that ECH may serve as an efficacious and safe substance in the future to counteract neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongni Yu
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chuan Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Ma
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Dai
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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16
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Chang HH, Sun DS. Emerging role of the itaconate-mediated rescue of cellular metabolic stress. Tzu Chi Med J 2022; 34:134-138. [PMID: 35465285 PMCID: PMC9020237 DOI: 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_79_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic regulations play vital roles on maintaining the homeostasis of our body. Evidence have suggested that ATF3 and nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (NRF2) are critical for maintaining cell function, metabolism, and inflammation/anti-inflammation regulations when cells are under stress, while the upstream regulators in the stressed cells remain elusive. Recent findings have shown that tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites such as itaconate and succinate are not just mitochondrial metabolites, but rather important signaling mediators, involving in the regulations of metabolism, immune modulation. Itaconate exerts anti-inflammatory role through regulating ATF3 and NRF2 pathways under stressed conditions. In addition, itaconate inhibits succinate dehydrogenase, succinate oxidation and thus blocking succinate-mediated inflammatory processes. These findings suggest itaconate-ATF3 and itaconate-NRF2 axes are well-coordinated machineries that facilitate the rescue against cellular stress. Here, we review these fascinating discoveries, a research field may help the development of more effective therapeutic approach to manage stress-induced inflammation, tissue damage, and metabolic disorder.
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17
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Xu F, Wang H, Tian J, Xu H. Down-Regulation of ID2-AS1 Alleviates the Neuronal Injury Induced by 1-Methy1-4-Phenylpyridinium in Human Neuroblastoma Cell Line SH-SY5Y Cells Through Regulating miR-199a-5p/IFNAR1/JAK2/STAT1 Axis. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:2192-2203. [PMID: 34050453 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03356-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to illustrate the roles and molecular mechanisms of ID2-AS1 in parkinson's disease (PD). Methods: qRT-PCR detected the expression of ID2-AS1. CCK-8, LDH release assays the effect of ID2-AS1 knockdown on PD cells. Flow cytometry and Western Blot were used to detect the effect of ID2-AS1 inhibition on PD cell apoptosis. ELISA analysis showed that ID2-AS1 inhibition can reduce the inflammation of PD cells. ROS activity assay showed that inhibiting ID2-AS1 attenuated the oxidative stress induced by 1-methy1-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+). RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation assay showed that ID2-AS1 is mainly located in the cytoplasm. The luciferase reporter assay is used to verify the interaction. In our study, ID2-AS1 was concentration-dependently and time-dependently up-regulated in MPP+ -treated human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y. ID2-AS1 knockdown enhanced cell proliferation and decreased cell death in PD cells. Knockdown of ID2-AS1 attenuates MPP+ -induced cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. ID2-AS1 is a sponge of miR-199a-5p. IFNAR1 is a target of miR-199a-5p. Inhibition of miR-199a-5p and overexpression of IFNAR1 alleviate the inhibitory effect of ID2-AS1 knockdown on MPP+ triggered neuronal injury. Inhibition of miR-199a-5p and overexpression of IFNAR1 alleviate the inhibitory effect of ID2-AS1 knockdown on MPP+ -triggered JAK2/STAT1 activation. Overall, down-regulation of ID2-AS1 alleviated the neuronal injury in PD through regulating miR-199a-5p/IFNAR1/JAK2/STAT1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furong Xu
- Department of Neurology, Chengdu Seventh People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Neurology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, 252000, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ju Tian
- Department of Functional Inspection, Qingdao 8th People's Hospital, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 473 Han Zheng street Qiaokou District, Wuhan, 430033, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Song Y, Zeng K, Jiang Y, Tu P. Cistanches Herba, from an endangered species to a big brand of Chinese medicine. Med Res Rev 2021; 41:1539-1577. [PMID: 33521978 DOI: 10.1002/med.21768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cistanches Herba (CH, Chinese name: Roucongrong), is a very precious, tonic Chinese medicine. Cistanche deserticola and Cistanche tubulosa are the two commonly used species and authenticated in Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Due to the parasitic nature of Cistanche plants, the wild source was once endangered and listed in the Appendix II of Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. However, after continuously struggling in the past decades, CH has grown up to a big brand of Chinese medicine featured with the cultivation area as 1.26 million mu, the annual output as 6000 tons, and the related industrial output value as more than 20 billion China Yuan, attributing to large-scale cultivation and in-depth phytochemical and pharmacological investigations. Noteworthily, great achievements have reached concerning the research and development of relevant products, such as modern drugs, traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions, and dietary supplements. The current review summarizes the research progresses concerning the distribution and cultivation, phytochemistry, pharmacology, metabolism and product development of CH in the past decades, and the emerging challenges and developing prospects are discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuelin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Kewu Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Pengfei Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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19
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Tian H, Chou FJ, Tian J, Zhang Y, You B, Huang CP, Yeh S, Niu Y, Chang C. ASC-J9® suppresses prostate cancer cell proliferation and invasion via altering the ATF3-PTK2 signaling. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2021; 40:3. [PMID: 33390173 PMCID: PMC7780640 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01760-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early studies indicated that ASC-J9®, an androgen receptor (AR) degradation enhancer, could suppress the prostate cancer (PCa) progression. Here we found ASC-J9® could also suppress the PCa progression via an AR-independent mechanism, which might involve modulating the tumor suppressor ATF3 expression. METHODS The lentiviral system was used to modify gene expression in C4-2, CWR22Rv1 and PC-3 cells. Western blot and Immunohistochemistry were used to detect protein expression. MTT and Transwell assays were used to test the proliferation and invasion ability. RESULTS ASC-J9® can suppress PCa cell proliferation and invasion in both PCa C4-2 and CWR22Rv1 cells via altering the ATF3 expression. Further mechanistic studies reveal that ASC-J9® can increase the ATF3 expression via decreasing Glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic (GCLC) subunit expression, which can then lead to decrease the PTK2 expression. Human clinical studies further linked the ATF3 expression to the PCa progression. Preclinical studies using in vivo mouse model also proved ASC-J9® could suppress AR-independent PCa cell invasion, which could be reversed after suppressing ATF3. CONCLUSIONS ASC-J9® can function via altering ATF3/PTK2 signaling to suppress the PCa progression in an AR-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Tian
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology and Urology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Fu-Ju Chou
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology and Urology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Jing Tian
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology and Urology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Urology, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Bosen You
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology and Urology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Chi-Ping Huang
- Sex Hormone Research Center, Department of Urology, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Shuyuan Yeh
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology and Urology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Yuanjie Niu
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China.
| | - Chawnshang Chang
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology and Urology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
- Sex Hormone Research Center, Department of Urology, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.
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20
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Zhang ZN, Hui Z, Chen C, Liang Y, Tang LL, Wang SL, Xu CC, Yang H, Zhang JS, Zhao Y. Neuroprotective Effects and Related Mechanisms of Echinacoside in MPTP-Induced PD Mice. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2021; 17:1779-1792. [PMID: 34113108 PMCID: PMC8184243 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s299685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the neuroprotective effect and the related mechanisms of echinacoside (ECH) in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced Parkinson's disease (PD) mice. METHODS Parkinson's disease is induced in mice by MPTP and the neurobehaviors of mice in different groups are observed. Then, immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis are adopted to measure the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and α-synuclein in the substantia nigra (SN). The content of dopamine (DA) and other neurotransmitters in the brain is detected by high-performance liquid chromatography. The expression of nerve growth factors and inflammatory factors in SN in mice in each group is measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Finally, the expression of oxidative stress-related parameters in each group is measured. RESULTS Compared with the model group, the pole-climbing time among mice in the moderate and high-dose ECH groups is significantly reduced (P < 0.01). The rotarod staying time, as well as fore and hind-limb strides, shows a significant increase (P < 0.01), as does spontaneous activity (P < 0.01). Moreover, the expression levels of TH, DA, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in SN in mice show significant increases in these two groups (P < 0.01). The content of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase indicates significant increases in the low, moderate, and high-dose ECH groups (P < 0.01), and the content of MDA was reduced (P < 0.01). In the high-dose ECH group, the expression of interleukin (IL) 6 and tumor necrosis factor-α is significantly reduced (P < 0.01), while the expression of IL-10 shows a marked increase (P < 0.01) alongside a decrease in the expression of α-synuclein (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Echinacoside improves neurobehavioral symptoms in PD mice and significantly increases the expression of TH and DA. The neuroprotective effect potentially correlates with anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation actions, promotes the expression of nerve growth factor, and reduces the accumulation of α-synuclein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Nian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210022, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Hui
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210022, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Chen
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Liang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210022, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Li Tang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210022, People's Republic of China
| | - Su-Lei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210022, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Cheng Xu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210022, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210022, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Si Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210022, People's Republic of China
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Zhang ZN, Hui Z, Chen C, Liang Y, Tang LL, Wang SL, Xu CC, Yang H, Zhao Y, Zhang JS. Mechanism of Autophagy Regulation in MPTP-Induced PD Mice via the mTOR Signaling Pathway by Echinacoside. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2021; 17:1397-1411. [PMID: 34007179 PMCID: PMC8121283 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s299810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to investigate the effect of echinacoside on autophagy-related indicators through the mTOR signaling pathway, especially the effect on the clearance of autophagy substrate P62 and α-synuclein, the core pathological products of Parkinson's disease (PD), to provide new strategies for the treatment of PD. METHODS A mouse model of subacute PD was established by the intraperitoneal injection of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). First, the neurobehavioral symptoms in mice of each group were evaluated, and the monoamine neurotransmitters in the striatum in each group were measured with a high-performance liquid phase. Immunofluorescence double staining was adopted to observe the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), α-synuclein, and LC3. The transmission electron microscope was used to observe the changes of ultrastructure in substantia nigra and the formation of autophagosomes. Then, the expressions of TH, α-synuclein, Beclin 1, LC3, P62, mTOR, and the up-stream protein AKT were detected by Western blot. RESULTS When compared with the model group, the neurobehavioral function significantly improved in the echinacoside group (P < 0.01), together with increased expression of TH, DA, and DOPAC in the brain (P < 0.01). In the echinacoside group, while the expressions of Beclin 1 and LC3-II increased (P < 0.01), the expression levels of P62 and α-synuclein decreased significantly (P < 0.01). Echinacoside could up-regulate the expression level of the survival signal p-AKT/AKT and decrease the expression of mTOR. CONCLUSION Echinacoside could increase autophagy by inhibiting the expression of mTOR, thereby promoting the clearance of α-synuclein and the degradation of the autophagy substrate P62 and exerting the neuroprotective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Nian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210022, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Hui
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210022, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Chen
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Liang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210022, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Li Tang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210022, People's Republic of China
| | - Su-Lei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210022, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Cheng Xu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210022, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210022, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Si Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
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22
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Tian Y, Jin S, Promes V, Liu X, Zhang Y. Astragaloside IV and echinacoside benefit neuronal properties via direct effects and through upregulation of SOD1 astrocyte function in vitro. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2020; 394:1019-1029. [PMID: 33219470 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-02022-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as a major type of motor neuron disease, is a disease characterized by the degeneration of both upper and lower motor neurons. Astragaloside IV (AST) is one of the most effective compounds isolated from Astragalus membranaceus. Echinacoside (ECH) is also an active constituent in Cistanche tubulosa. These two herbs had been used in treating disease described like ALS in ancient China under the guidance of traditional Chinese medicine theory and now they are still being used extensively for ALS in current Chinese medicine practice, but whether AST or ECH has effect on ALS disease condition is still unclear. Survivals of primary cultured neuron and astrocyte were determined by the MTS assay. Proteins including GLT1 and GFAP, from SOD1 G93A Tg (transgenic) astrocyte lysate were determined by Western blot. Synaptic markers, PSD95 and VGLUT1, were stained by immunofluorescence and observed by a confocal microscope. Proper dilution of AST and ECH was confirmed to be not harmful to both astrocytes and neurons. AST and ECH enhanced neuronal synaptic markers density or intensity/area in different aspects. Both AST and ECH could significantly rescue SOD1 astrocyte conditional medium-treated neuronal survival and synapse loss. Ten micromolars ECH could significantly rescue the suppressed GLT1 level expressed by SOD1 Tg astrocyte. This present research proved that AST and ECH could benefit neuronal properties and rescue certain dysfunction, such as GLT1 low expression, loss of neuron-supporting function, of astrocytes under SOD1 condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Tian
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shijie Jin
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Xuemei Liu
- Central Laboratory, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunling Zhang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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Zhou L, Yao M, Tian Z, Song Y, Sun Y, Ye J, Li G, Sng KS, Xu L, Cui X, Wang Y. Echinacoside attenuates inflammatory response in a rat model of cervical spondylotic myelopathy via inhibition of excessive mitochondrial fission. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 152:697-714. [PMID: 32014501 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) is a leading cause of spinal cord dysfunction with few treatment options. Although mitochondrial dynamics are linked to a wide range of pathological changes in neurodegenerative diseases, a connection between aberrant mitochondrial dynamics and CSM remains to be illuminated. In addition, mechanisms underlying the emerging anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of echinacoside (ECH), the main active ingredient of Cistanche salsa, are poorly understood. We hypothesized that excessive mitochondrial fission plays a critical role in regulating inflammatory responses in CSM, and ECH might alleviate such responses by regulating mitochondrial dynamics. To this end, we assessed the effects of ECH and Mdivi-1, a selective inhibitor of dynamin-related protein (Drp1), in a rat model of chronic cervical cord compression and activated BV2 cells. Our results showed that rats with Mdivi-1 intervention had improved motor function compared with vehicle-treated rats. Indeed, Mdivi-1 treatment attenuated pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, as well as activation of the nod-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB), and Drp1 in lesions. Compared with vehicle-treated rats, compression sites of Mdivi-1-treated animals exhibited elongated mitochondrial morphologies and reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS). Similarly, ECH-treated rats exhibited neurological recovery and suppression of inflammatory response or related signals in the lesion area after treatment. Interestingly, ECH treatment partly reversed aberrant mitochondrial fragmentation and oxidative stress within the lesion area. In vitro data suggested that ECH suppressed activated microglia by modulating activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB signaling. Furthermore, we observed that ECH markedly inhibited Drp1 translocation onto mitochondria, whereby it regulated mitochondrial dynamics and ROS production, which act as regulators of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and NF-κB signaling. Thus, our findings reveal that mitochondrial dynamics modulate inflammatory responses during CSM. Moreover, ECH may attenuate neuroinflammation in rats subjected to chronic cervical cord compression by regulating Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fission and activation of downstream signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longyun Zhou
- Spine Disease Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; Rehabilitation Medicine College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Min Yao
- Spine Disease Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zirui Tian
- Spine Disease Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yongjia Song
- Spine Disease Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yueli Sun
- Spine Disease Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jie Ye
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Gan Li
- Spine Disease Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Kim Sia Sng
- Spine Disease Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Leqin Xu
- Xiamen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian, 361009, China
| | - Xuejun Cui
- Spine Disease Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Spine Disease Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Ameliorative effects of echinacoside against spinal cord injury via inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway. Life Sci 2019; 237:116978. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Li W, Wei D, Liang J, Xie X, Song K, Huang L. Comprehensive Evaluation of White Matter Damage and Neuron Death and Whole-Transcriptome Analysis of Rats With Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:310. [PMID: 31379504 PMCID: PMC6653095 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) is induced by chronic deficit of brain perfusion, contributes to a persistent or progressive cognitive dysfunction, which is characterized by diverse neuropathological manifestations. There are currently no effective medications available. White matter damage (WMD) and cortical neuron death may be caused by CCH, which are related to cognitive impairment, while the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In the study, a database of the transcriptome level was built to determine potential biomarkers in cortex of CCH. Methods CCH was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by permanent occlusion of the bilateral common carotid arteries. Rats were randomly divided into three groups: Sham-operated group (n = 24), the 4th and 8th week of CCH groups (total = 56, n = 28 for each group). Cognitive function was evaluated using the Morris water maze task. WMD and neuron damage were detected using diffusion tensor imaging and histological analysis, respectively. Western blotting analysis of various markers was used to examine neuronal death. Whole-transcriptome microarray was performed to assess mRNA, circRNA, and lncRNA expression profiles at 4th and 8th weeks after CCH. Diversified bioinformatic tools were performed to analyze and predict the key biological processes and signaling pathways of differentially expressed RNAs and co-expressed potential target genes. Co-expression networks of mRNA–circRNA–miRNA and lncRNA–mRNA were constructed. Results Compared to the sham group, cognitive impairment, disintegration of white matter, blood-brain barrier damage and neuron death were induced by CCH. Neuron death including apoptosis and necroptosis might occur in the cortex of CCH. We constructed the regulatory networks of whole-transcriptomic including differentially expressed mRNAs, circRNAs, and lncRNAs, and related biological functions and pathways involved in neurological disease, cell death and survival, energy and metabolism, et al. Our results also indicated that Cyr61 mRNA may play a role in the CCH-related cortical neuronal death. Conclusion WMD and cortical neuronal death are worthy of attention in the pathogenesis of CCH. Additionally, the present results provide potential evidence at the whole-transcription level for CCH, offering candidate biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxian Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Di Wei
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianye Liang
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomei Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kangping Song
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li'an Huang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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da S. Hage-Melim LI, Ferreira JV, de Oliveira NK, Correia LC, Almeida MR, Poiani JG, Taft CA, de Paula da Silva CH. The Impact of Natural Compounds on the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases. CURR ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272823666190327100418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are characterized by a progressive deterioration of the motor and/or cognitive function, that are often accompanied by psychiatric disorders, caused by a selective loss of neurons in the central nervous system. Among the NDDs we can mention Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), Huntington’s disease (HD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), spinocerebellar ataxia 3 (SCA3), spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). AD and HD are characterized mainly by massive neuronal loss. PD, ALS, SCA3 and SBMA are agerelated diseases which have characteristic motor symptoms. CJD is an NDD caused by prion proteins. With increasing life expectancy, elderly populations tend to have more health problems, such as chronic diseases related to age and disability. Therefore, the development of therapeutic strategies to treat or prevent multiple pathophysiological conditions in the elderly can improve the expectation and quality of life. The attention of researchers has been focused on bioactive natural compounds that represent important resources in the discovery and development of drug candidates against NDDs. In this review, we discuss the pathogenesis, symptoms, potential targets, treatment and natural compounds effective in the treatment of AD, PD, HD, ALS, SCA3, SBMA and CJD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorane I. da S. Hage-Melim
- Laboratorio de Quimica Farmaceutica e Medicinal (PharMedChem), Universidade Federal do Amapa, Macapa, Brazil
| | - Jaderson V. Ferreira
- Laboratorio de Quimica Farmaceutica e Medicinal (PharMedChem), Universidade Federal do Amapa, Macapa, Brazil
| | - Nayana K.S. de Oliveira
- Laboratorio de Quimica Farmaceutica e Medicinal (PharMedChem), Universidade Federal do Amapa, Macapa, Brazil
| | - Lenir C. Correia
- Laboratorio de Quimica Farmaceutica e Medicinal (PharMedChem), Universidade Federal do Amapa, Macapa, Brazil
| | - Marcos R.S. Almeida
- Laboratorio de Quimica Farmaceutica e Medicinal (PharMedChem), Universidade Federal do Amapa, Macapa, Brazil
| | - João G.C. Poiani
- Laboratorio Computacional de Química Farmaceutica, Departamento de Ciencias Farmaceuticas, Faculdade de Ciencias Farmaceuticas de Ribeirao Preto, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlton A. Taft
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos H.T. de Paula da Silva
- Laboratorio Computacional de Química Farmaceutica, Departamento de Ciencias Farmaceuticas, Faculdade de Ciencias Farmaceuticas de Ribeirao Preto, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Enogieru AB, Haylett WL, Miller HC, van der Westhuizen FH, Hiss DC, Ekpo OE. Attenuation of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Impaired Calcium Homeostasis, and Altered Bioenergetic Functions in MPP+-Exposed SH-SY5Y Cells Pretreated with Rutin. Neurotox Res 2019; 36:764-776. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-019-00048-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Zheng H, Su Y, Sun Y, Tang T, Zhang D, He X, Wang J. Echinacoside alleviates hypobaric hypoxia‐induced memory impairment in C57 mice. Phytother Res 2019; 33:1150-1160. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongnan Zheng
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of PharmacyFourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Yuting Su
- School of New Media ArtXi'an Polytechnic University Xi'an China
| | - Yang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of PharmacyFourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Tianle Tang
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of PharmacyFourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of PharmacyXijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Xuefeng He
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of PharmacyFourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Jianbo Wang
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of PharmacyFourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
- Product R & D DepartmentSichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
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Inhibition of Amyloid Beta Aggregation and Deposition of Cistanche tubulosa Aqueous Extract. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24040687. [PMID: 30769881 PMCID: PMC6412839 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24040687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cistanche tubulosa aqueous extract (CTE) is already used as a botanical prescription drug for treating dementia in China. Our previous studies reported that phenylethanoid glycosides of CTE have anti-Alzheimer's disease (AD) activity by inhibiting amyloid β peptide (Aβ) aggregation and deposition. However, recent studies considered that the phenylethanoid glycosides may be metabolized by intestinal bacteria, because all analysis results showed that the bioavailability of phenylethanoid glycosides is extremely low. In this study we demonstrate how iron chelation plays a crucial role in the Aβ aggregation and deposition inhibition mechanism of phenylethanoid glycosides of CTE. In addition, we further proved phenylethanoid glycosides (1⁻3) could reach brain. Active CTE component and action mechanism confirmation will be a great help for product quality control and bioavailability studies in the future. At the same time, we provide a new analysis method useful in determining phenylethanoid glycosides (1⁻3) in plants, foods, blood, and tissues for chemical fingerprint and pharmacokinetic research.
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Chen C, Xia B, Tang L, Wu W, Tang J, Liang Y, Yang H, Zhang Z, Lu Y, Chen G, Yang Y, Zhao Y. Echinacoside protects against MPTP/MPP +-induced neurotoxicity via regulating autophagy pathway mediated by Sirt1. Metab Brain Dis 2019; 34:203-212. [PMID: 30426321 PMCID: PMC6351520 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-018-0330-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common chronic neurodegenerative disease and greatly affects the quality of PD patients' life. Current symptomatic treatment of PD is limited. There are no effective treatment and drugs that could radically cure PD. Increasing experimental evidence has proven a causal relationship between alpha-synuclein (α-synuclein, α-syn) and the neuropathology of Parkinson's diseases, although the exact pathophysiological role of α-synuclein is not fully clarified. Previous studies showed that monomers and polymers of α-synuclein were secreted from damaged nerve cells via exocytosis and occupied healthy nerve cells via endocytosis, which afford evidence for the prion-like role of α-synuclein. Autophagy is the known mechanism for eukaryotic cells to degrade protein polymers and damaged organelles that proteasome does not cope with. Therefore, promoting the clearance of α-synuclein by enhancing autophagy in neuronal cells could be a promising treatment in the early stage of PD. SIRT1 is a potent regulator of autophagy, because it deacetylates a mass of important transcription factors such as Forkhead Box subgroup O (FoxO) transcription factors family. SIRT1's action relates to FoxO, because FoxO transcription factors are involved in various molecular pathways underlying neuronal protection and autophagy. Moreover, Sirt1 deacetylates proautophagic proteins such as Atg5, Atg7, and Atg8. Echinacoside (ECH) is the main active ingredient of a widely used Chinese herb cistanche, which has been proven to elicit neuroprotective effects in models of neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we found that ECH could improve PD-like symptoms in MPTP-lesioned mouse model. We further showed that the underlying mechanism of the action of ECH was associated with enhancing autophagy in neurons via bind to Sirt1 directly and affect FoxO expression. Our study demonstrated ECH as a potential therapeutic agent against PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Baomei Xia
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Science, Nanjing Normal University of Special Education, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lili Tang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juanjuan Tang
- Physiology Research Section, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Center for Translational Systems Biology and Neuroscience, School of Basic Biomedical Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhennian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Center for Translational Systems Biology and Neuroscience, School of Basic Biomedical Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ye Yang
- Center for Modernization of Chinese medicine and database, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Li L, Wang Y, Qin X, Zhang J, Zhang Z. Echinacoside protects retinal ganglion cells from ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury in the rat retina. Mol Vis 2018; 24:746-758. [PMID: 30581281 PMCID: PMC6279312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate whether echinacoside (ECH) protects the retina against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and the underlying mechanisms. Methods Adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham, sham plus ECH, I/R plus vehicle, and I/R plus ECH. Before the retinal I/R injury produced by high intraocular pressure (HOP), ECH was administered (20 mg/kg daily) for 7 days. The level of retinal cell damage was evaluated using Fluoro-Gold (FG) retrograde labeling and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) analysis 7 days after I/R. Optic nerve histology was analyzed with transmission electron microscopy. Levels of retinal malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were determined. The expression of apoptosis-associated factors (Apaf-1, Parp, and Bad) were analyzed with western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). The production of proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α [TNFα], interleukin-1 beta [IL-1β], and IL-6) was analyzed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) 7 days after the I/R injury as well. Results The administration of ECH not only preserved retinal morphology but also attenuated retinal inflammation and apoptosis at 7 days after the I/R injury and decreased I/R-induced oxidative stress in the retina statistically significantly. Conclusions ECH protected against I/R-induced retinal injury, via activation of antioxidant enzymes and suppression of inflammation. Therefore, ECH could be a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment and management of I/R retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - YeFei Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - XiuHong Qin
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, DaLian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - ZhenZhen Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Fu C, Li J, Aipire A, Xia L, Yang Y, Chen Q, Lv J, Wang X, Li J. Cistanche tubulosa phenylethanoid glycosides induce apoptosis in Eca-109 cells via the mitochondria-dependent pathway. Oncol Lett 2018; 17:303-313. [PMID: 30655768 PMCID: PMC6313098 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cistanche tubulosa has various biological functions. In the present study, the antitumor effect of water-soluble phenylethanoid glycosides of C. tubulosa (CTPG-W) on esophageal cancer was investigated. Eca-109 cells were treated with CTPG-W and the cell viability was measured by MTT assay. The apoptosis, cell cycle, mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) and reactive oxygen species were analyzed by flow cytometry. The levels of proteins in apoptotic pathways were detected by western blot analysis. It was determined that CTPG-W significantly reduced the viability of Eca-109 cells through the induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Following CTPG-W treatment, the Δψm of Eca-109 was notably decreased, which is associated with the upregulated levels of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2)-associated X and downregulated levels of Bcl-2. Consequently, the levels of cytochrome c and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase were increased, which upregulated the levels of cleaved-poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase and cleaved-caspase-3, −7 and −9, but not caspase-8. Correspondingly, the levels of reactive oxygen species in Eca-109 cells demonstrated notable changes. These results indicated that CTPG-W induced apoptosis of Eca-109 cells through a mitochondrial-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changshuang Fu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830046, P.R. China
| | - Jinyu Li
- College of Life Science, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Adila Aipire
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830046, P.R. China
| | - Lijie Xia
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830046, P.R. China
| | - Yi Yang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830046, P.R. China
| | - Qiuyan Chen
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830046, P.R. China
| | - Jie Lv
- College of Resource and Environment Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830046, P.R. China
| | - Xinhui Wang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830046, P.R. China
| | - Jinyao Li
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830046, P.R. China
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Shishido T, Nagano Y, Araki M, Kurashige T, Obayashi H, Nakamura T, Takahashi T, Matsumoto M, Maruyama H. Synphilin-1 has neuroprotective effects on MPP +-induced Parkinson's disease model cells by inhibiting ROS production and apoptosis. Neurosci Lett 2018; 690:145-150. [PMID: 30316984 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Synphilin-1, a cytoplasmic protein, interacts with α-synuclein which is one of the main constituents of Lewy bodies and plays an important role in the pathology of Parkinson's disease (PD), in neurons. This interaction indicates that synphilin-1 may also play a central role in PD. However, the biological functions of synphilin-1 are not fully understood, and whether synphilin-1 is neurotoxic or neuroprotective remains controversial. This study examined the function of synphilin-1 in a PD model in vitro. We used an inhibitor of mitochondrial complex I, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+). We established human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell lines that stably expressed human synphilin-1. We found that overexpression of synphilin-1 increased SH-SY5Y cell viability after MPP+ treatment. We further found that synphilin-1 significantly suppressed apoptotic changes in nuclei, including nuclear condensation and fragmentation, after MPP+ treatment. We showed that synphilin-1 significantly decreased MPP+-induced cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved poly-ADP-ribose polymerase levels by using western blotting. Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by MPP+ was significantly reduced in cells expressing synphilin-1 compared to those expressing empty vector. Synphilin-1 inhibited MPP+-induced cytochrome c release from mitochondria into the cytosol. These data suggested that synphilin-1 may function to protect against dopaminergic cell death by preserving mitochondrial function and inhibiting early steps in the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Taken together, our results indicated that synphilin-1 may play neuroprotective roles in PD pathogenesis by inhibiting ROS production and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeo Shishido
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, 1-2-3 Minami-ku Kasumi, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Yoshito Nagano
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, 1-2-3 Minami-ku Kasumi, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan.
| | - Mutsuko Araki
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, 1-2-3 Minami-ku Kasumi, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Takashi Kurashige
- Department of Neurology, NHO Kure Medical Center, 3-1 Aoyama-cho, Kure, Hiroshima, 737-0023, Japan
| | - Hitomi Obayashi
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, 1-2-3 Minami-ku Kasumi, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nakamura
- Department of Internal Medicine, Oyamada Memorial Spa Hospital, 5538-1 Yamada-cho, Yokkaichi, Mie, 512-1111, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Takahashi
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, 1-2-3 Minami-ku Kasumi, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Masayasu Matsumoto
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, 1-2-3 Minami-ku Kasumi, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan; Sakai City Medical Center, Sakai City Hospital Organization, 1-1-1 Ebaraji-cho Nishi-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 593-8304, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Maruyama
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, 1-2-3 Minami-ku Kasumi, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
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Loss of VAPB Regulates Autophagy in a Beclin 1-Dependent Manner. Neurosci Bull 2018; 34:1037-1046. [PMID: 30143980 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-018-0276-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily-conserved self-degradative process that maintains cellular homeostasis by eliminating protein aggregates and damaged organelles. Recently, vesicle-associated membrane protein-associated protein B (VAPB), which is associated with the familial form of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, has been shown to regulate autophagy. In the present study, we demonstrated that knockdown of VAPB induced the up-regulation of beclin 1 expression, which promoted LC3 (microtubule-associated protein light chain 3) conversion and the formation of LC3 puncta, whereas overexpression of VAPB inhibited these processes. The regulation of beclin 1 by VAPB was at the transcriptional level. Moreover, knockdown of VAPB increased autophagic flux, which promoted the degradation of the autophagy substrate p62 and neurodegenerative disease proteins. Our study provides evidence that the regulation of autophagy by VAPB is associated with the autophagy-initiating factor beclin 1.
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Li S, Jiang H, Gu X. Echinacoside suppresses dexamethasone-induced growth inhibition and apoptosis in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:643-648. [PMID: 30112029 PMCID: PMC6090444 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are widely used to treat chronic diseases. Prolonged and/or overdose administration of GCs has many side-effects to human health including GC-induced osteoporosis (GIOP). In this investigation, the objective was to assess the influence that echinacoside (ECH) exerts upon dexamethasone-treated murine osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. We found that ECH (5, 10, 20 and 40 mg/l) inhibited dexamethasone (1,000 nM)-suppressed cell viability as demonstrated by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. The dose of 10 mg/l was selected for the following experiments because this dose had a better effect than the dose of 5 mg/l, and the doses >10 mg/l had a similar effect as this dose. ECH (10 mg/l) or pifithrin-α (PFT-α) (a p53 inhibitor, 20 µM) suppressed dexamethasone-induced MC3T3-E1 apoptosis as illustrated by Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) double-labeling flow cytometry analysis. ECH or PFT-α treatment also alleviated dexamethasone's action of inhibiting Bcl-2 expression as well as dexamethasone's action of stimulating on the expression of p53 and Bax. Moreover, lentivirus mediated-p53 overexpression reversed the effects of ECH in dexamethasone-treated MC3T3-E1 cells, suggesting that ECH induced anti-apoptotic effects in dexamethasone-treated osteoblasts via p53-dependent pathway. In summary, ECH has a protective effect against osteoblastic cell apoptosis induced by dexamethasone, suggesting that ECH may have potentials for clinical application in the treatment of GIOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibo Li
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, P.R. China
| | - Haitao Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohua Gu
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, P.R. China
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Gu L, Ge Z, Wang Y, Shen M, Zhao P. Activating transcription factor 3 promotes intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis in Crohn’s disease. Pathol Res Pract 2018; 214:862-870. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2018.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Echinacoside alleviated LPS-induced cell apoptosis and inflammation in rat intestine epithelial cells by inhibiting the mTOR/STAT3 pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 104:622-628. [PMID: 29803175 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.05.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and progressive inflammatory condition of colon and small intestine. Echinacoside (ECH) is a phenylethanoid glycoside that possesses various activities, including anti-inflammatory effect. However, the role of ECH in IBD is unknown. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of ECH on LPS-induced rat intestine epithelial cells and the potential mechanisms. The results showed that LPS inhibited cell viability in time- and dose-dependent manners. ECH treatment attenuated the inhibition effect of LPS on cell viability. ECH alleviated LPS-induced apoptosis of rat intestine epithelial cells. ECH attenuated LPS-induced secretion and mRNA expression of TNF-α and IL-6, but enhanced LPS-induced secretion and mRNA expression of IL-10 and TGF-β1 in IEC-6 cells. The mTOR/STAT3 pathway was activated by LPS, while the activation was inhibited by ECH. Rapamycin, an inhibitor of mTOR, reversed the effect of LPS on rat intestine epithelial cells. In summary, this work suggested that ECH attenuated LPS-induced inflammation and apoptosis in rat intestine epithelial cells via suppressing the mTOR/STAT3 pathway. The findings indicated that ECH might be considered as a potential strategy for the treatment of IBD.
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Bao XX, Ma HH, Ding H, Li WW, Zhu M. Preliminary optimization of a Chinese herbal medicine formula based on the neuroprotective effects in a rat model of rotenone-induced Parkinson's disease. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE-JIM 2018; 16:290-296. [PMID: 29866613 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The main objective of this study was to preliminarily determine the optimum formulation of a Chinese herbal formula that may have neuroprotective effects against rotenone-induced Parkinson's disease (PD). METHODS Seven recipes were made from Dihuang (DH, Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch), Roucongrong (RCR, Cistanche deserticola Y.C.Ma), Niuxi (NX, Achyranthes bidentata Bl.) and Shanzhuyu (SZY, Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc) in different proportions, according to the principles of uniform design (4 factors 7 levels). Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) were detected by immunohistochemistry and rotenone-exposure days necessary to induce PD symptoms were recorded. To probe one likely mechanism of the formulas, echinacoside (ECH) concentrations of all seven recipes were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography and related to number of TH-positive neurons. RESULTS The data showed that recipe 4 (DH:RCR:SZY:NX = 1:1:1:1) and recipe 7 (DH:RCR:SZY:NX = 7:5:3:1) partially reversed rotenone-induced death of TH-positive neurons in the SNpc and significantly increased rotenone-exposed days compared with model group. Pharmacologically, there was not a strong correlation between ECH concentration and TH-positive neurons. CONCLUSION The investigated formulations of Chinese herbs had neuroprotective effects against PD models, and the neuroprotective effects were weakly related to the proportion of key herbs. However the neuroprotective effects of the formula may not result from a single active constituent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Xia Bao
- Department of Integrative Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Institute of Neurology, Institutes of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hui-Han Ma
- Department of Integrative Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Institute of Neurology, Institutes of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hao Ding
- Department of Integrative Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Institute of Neurology, Institutes of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wen-Wei Li
- Department of Integrative Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Institute of Neurology, Institutes of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Min Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China.
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Liu J, Yang L, Dong Y, Zhang B, Ma X. Echinacoside, an Inestimable Natural Product in Treatment of Neurological and other Disorders. Molecules 2018; 23:E1213. [PMID: 29783690 PMCID: PMC6100060 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Echinacoside (ECH), a natural phenylethanoid glycoside, was first isolated from Echinacea angustifolia DC. (Compositae) sixty years ago. It was found to possess numerous pharmacologically beneficial activities for human health, especially the neuroprotective and cardiovascular effects. Although ECH showed promising potential for treatment of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases, some important issues arose. These included the identification of active metabolites as having poor bioavailability in prototype form, the definite molecular signal pathways or targets of ECH with the above effects, and limited reliable clinical trials. Thus, it remains unresolved as to whether scientific research can reasonably make use of this natural compound. A systematic summary and knowledge of future prospects are necessary to facilitate further studies for this natural product. The present review generalizes and analyzes the current knowledge on ECH, including its broad distribution, different preparation technologies, poor pharmacokinetics and kinds of therapeutic uses, and the future perspectives of its potential application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan 750004, China.
| | - Lingling Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan 750004, China.
| | - Yanhong Dong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan 750004, China.
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan 750004, China.
| | - Xueqin Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan 750004, China.
- Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan 750004, China.
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Electroacupuncture Alleviates Motor Symptoms and Up-Regulates Vesicular Glutamatergic Transporter 1 Expression in the Subthalamic Nucleus in a Unilateral 6-Hydroxydopamine-Lesioned Hemi-Parkinsonian Rat Model. Neurosci Bull 2018; 34:476-484. [PMID: 29508251 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-018-0213-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that electroacupuncture (EA) promotes recovery of motor function in Parkinson's disease (PD). However the mechanisms are not completely understood. Clinically, the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is a critical target for deep brain stimulation treatment of PD, and vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGluT1) plays an important role in the modulation of glutamate in the STN derived from the cortex. In this study, a 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned rat model of PD was treated with 100 Hz EA for 4 weeks. Immunohistochemical analysis of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) showed that EA treatment had no effect on TH expression in the ipsilateral striatum or substantia nigra pars compacta, though it alleviated several of the parkinsonian motor symptoms. Compared with the hemi-parkinsonian rats without EA treatment, the 100 Hz EA treatment significantly decreased apomorphine-induced rotation and increased the latency in the Rotarod test. Notably, the EA treatment reversed the 6-OHDA-induced down-regulation of VGluT1 in the STN. The results demonstrated that EA alleviated motor symptoms and up-regulated VGluT1 in the ipsilateral STN of hemi-parkinsonian rats, suggesting that up-regulation of VGluT1 in the STN may be related to the effects of EA on parkinsonian motor symptoms via restoration of function in the cortico-STN pathway.
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Wang N, Ji S, Zhang H, Mei S, Qiao L, Jin X. Herba Cistanches: Anti-aging. Aging Dis 2017; 8:740-759. [PMID: 29344414 PMCID: PMC5758349 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2017.0720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Cistanche species ("Rou Cong Rong" in Chinese) is an endangered wild species growing in arid or semi-arid areas. The dried fleshy stem of Cistanches has been used as a tonic in China for many years. Modern pharmacological studies have since demonstrated that Herba Cistanches possesses broad medicinal functions, especially for use in anti-senescence, anti-oxidation, neuroprotection, anti-inflammation, hepatoprotection, immunomodulation, anti-neoplastic, anti-osteoporosis and the promotion of bone formation. This review summarizes the up-to-date and comprehensive information on Herba Cistanches covering the aspects of the botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology, to lay ground for fully elucidating the potential mechanisms of Herba Cistanches' anti-aging effect and promote its clinical application as an anti-aging herbal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningqun Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Shaozhen Ji
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China
| | - Shanshan Mei
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Lumin Qiao
- Department of Emergency, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Nationality Autonomous Region 750001, China.
| | - Xianglan Jin
- Department of Neurology, Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China.
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In silico-based screen synergistic drug combinations from herb medicines: a case using Cistanche tubulosa. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16364. [PMID: 29180652 PMCID: PMC5703970 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16571-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is characterized by the elaborated inflammatory response repertoire of central nervous system tissue. The limitations of the current treatments for neuroinflammation are well-known side effects in the clinical trials of monotherapy. Drug combination therapies are promising strategies to overcome the compensatory mechanisms and off-target effects. However, discovery of synergistic drug combinations from herb medicines is rare. Encouraged by the successfully applied cases we move on to investigate the effective drug combinations based on system pharmacology among compounds from Cistanche tubulosa (SCHENK) R. WIGHT. Firstly, 63 potential bioactive compounds, the related 133 direct and indirect targets are screened out by Drug-likeness evaluation combined with drug targeting process. Secondly, Compound-Target network is built to acquire the data set for predicting drug combinations. We list the top 10 drug combinations which are employed by the algorithm Probability Ensemble Approach (PEA), and Compound-Target-Pathway network is then constructed by the 12 compounds of the combinations, targets, and pathways to unearth the corresponding pharmacological actions. Finally, an integrating pathway approach is developed to elucidate the therapeutic effects of the herb in different pathological features-relevant biological processes. Overall, the method may provide a productive avenue for developing drug combination therapeutics.
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Familial Parkinson's Disease-Associated L166P Mutant DJ-1 is Cleaved by Mitochondrial Serine Protease Omi/HtrA2. Neurosci Bull 2017; 33:685-694. [PMID: 29177768 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-017-0196-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder. Mutations in the DJ-1, including L166P, are responsible for recessive early-onset PD. Many lines of evidence have shown that L166P is not only a loss-of-function mutant, but also a pro-apoptotic-like protein that results in mitochondrial dysfunction. L166P has been reported to be unstable and to mislocalize to mitochondria. However, the mechanisms underlying the instability of L166P compared to wild-type DJ-1 remain largely unknown. Here, we showed that Omi/HtrA2, a mitochondrial serine protease that has also been linked to the pathogenesis of PD, contributed to L166P instability. Omi directly interacted with and cleaved L166P in mitochondria to decrease the L166P level. However, Omi did not bind and cleave wild-type DJ-1. Moreover, Omi cleaved L166P at both serine residues 3 and 121, while L166P-induced cell death under H2O2 treatment was alleviated by over-expression of Omi. Our data reveal a bridge between DJ-1 and Omi, two PD-associated genetic factors, which contributes to our understanding of the pathogenesis of PD.
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Xu X, Wang J, Yang R, Dong Z, Zhang D. Genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of EGFR ameliorates sepsis-induced AKI. Oncotarget 2017; 8:91577-91592. [PMID: 29207668 PMCID: PMC5710948 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent studies have demonstrated that the EGF receptor (EGFR) activation provided a renoprotective role during ischemic and folic acid-induced AKI, the role and regulation mechanism of EGFR in septic AKI remains unclear. Here, gefitinib, a highly selective EGFR inhibitor, abrogated LPS-induced phosphorylation of EGFR, ERK1/2, and STAT3 as well as expression of COX, eNOS, and proinflammatory cytokines in HK-2 cells. In addition, c-Src is an upstream of EGFR signaling pathway and mediates LPS-induced EGFR transactivation. In vivo, either gefitinib or genetic approaches (Wave-2 mutant mice, which have reduced EGFR tyrosine kinase activity) protected against LPS or cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) induced AKI respectively. Interestingly, the beneficial effects of gefitinib or genetic approaches were accompanied by the dephosphorylation of EGFR, ERK1/2, and STAT3, the down regulation of expression of COX, eNOS, macrophage infiltration, proinflammatory cytokines production and the renal cell apoptosis. Furthermore, mRNA array results indicated that gene families involved in cell death, inflammation, proliferation and signal transduction were down regulated in Wave-2 (Wa-2) mice. Take together, these data suggest that EGFR may mediate renal injury by promoting production of inflammatory factors and cell apoptosis. Inhibition of EGFR may have therapeutic potential for AKI during endotoxemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Xu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,Emergency Medicine and Difficult Diseases Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,Emergency Medicine and Difficult Diseases Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruhao Yang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,Emergency Medicine and Difficult Diseases Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Dong
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Dongshan Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,Emergency Medicine and Difficult Diseases Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
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Zhang Y, Long H, Zhou F, Zhu W, Ruan J, Zhao Y, Lu Y. Echinacoside's nigrostriatal dopaminergic protection against 6-OHDA-Induced endoplasmic reticulum stress through reducing the accumulation of Seipin. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 21:3761-3775. [PMID: 28767194 PMCID: PMC5706584 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases. Recent epidemiological studies suggest that echinacoside (ECH), a phenylethanoid glycoside found in Cistanche deserticola, has a protective effect against the development of PD. However, the detailed mechanisms of how ECH suppresses neuronal death have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we confirmed that ECH protects nigrostriatal neurons against 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA)‐induced endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) in vivo and in vitro. ECH rescued cell viability in damaged cells and decreased 6‐OHDA‐induced reactive oxygen species accumulation in vitro. It also rescued tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine transporter expression in the striatum, and decreased α‐synuclein aggregation following 6‐OHDA treatment in vivo. The validated mechanism of ECH activity was the reduction in the 6‐OHDA‐induced accumulation of seipin (Berardinelli–Seip congenital lipodystrophy 2). Seipin has been shown to be a key molecule related to motor neuron disease and was tightly associated with ERS in a series of in vivo studies. ECH attenuated seipinopathy by promoting seipin degradation via ubiquitination. ERS was relieved by ECH through the Grp94/Bip‐ATF4‐CHOP signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Zhang
- Central Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Clinical Biobank of Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongyan Long
- Central Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Clinical Biobank of Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fuqiong Zhou
- Institute of T.C.M., The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weina Zhu
- Central Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Clinical Biobank of Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Ruan
- Central Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Clinical Biobank of Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Tran NQV, Nguyen AN, Takabe K, Yamagata Z, Miyake K. Pre-treatment with amitriptyline causes epigenetic up-regulation of neuroprotection-associated genes and has anti-apoptotic effects in mouse neuronal cells. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2017; 62:1-12. [PMID: 28511916 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Antidepressants, such as imipramine and fluoxetine, are known to alter gene expression patterns by inducing changes in the epigenetic status of neuronal cells. There is also some evidence for the anti-apoptotic effect of various groups of antidepressants; however, this effect is complicated and cell-type dependent. Antidepressants of the tricyclic group, in particular amitriptyline, have been suggested to be beneficial in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. We examined whether amitriptyline exerts an anti-apoptotic effect via epigenetic mechanisms. Using DNA microarray, we analyzed global gene expression in mouse primary cultured neocortical neurons after treatment with amitriptyline and imipramine. The neuroprotection-associated genes, activating transcription factor 3 (Atf3) and heme oxygenase 1 (Hmox1), were up-regulated at both mRNA and protein levels by treatment with amitriptyline. Quantitative chromatin immunoprecipitation assay revealed that amitriptyline increased enrichments of trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 4 in the promoter regions of Atf3 and Hmox1 and acetylation of histone H3 lysine 9 in the promoter regions of Atf3, which indicate an active epigenetic status. Amitriptyline pre-treatment attenuated 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+)- or amyloid β peptide 1-42 (Aβ1-42)-induced neuronal cell death and inhibited the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2). We found that Atf3 and Hmox1 were also up-regulated after Aβ1-42 treatment, and were further increased when pre-treated with amitriptyline. Interestingly, the highest up-regulation of Atf3 and Hmox1, at least at mRNA level, was observed after co-treatment with Aβ1-42 and amitriptyline, together with the loss of the neuroprotective effect. These findings suggest preconditioning and neuroprotective effects of amitriptyline; however, further investigations are needed for clarifying the contribution of epigenetic up-regulation of Atf3 and Hmox1 genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Quoc Vuong Tran
- Department of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, 1110, Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - An Nghia Nguyen
- Department of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, 1110, Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Kyoko Takabe
- Department of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, 1110, Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Zentaro Yamagata
- Department of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, 1110, Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Kunio Miyake
- Department of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, 1110, Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan.
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Zhang J, Zhang Z, Bao J, Yu Z, Cai M, Li X, Wu T, Xiang J, Cai D. Jia-Jian-Di-Huang-Yin-Zi decoction reduces apoptosis induced by both mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum caspase12 pathways in the mouse model of Parkinson's disease. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 203:69-79. [PMID: 28163115 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE As a classical prescription of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), Jia-Jian-Di-Huang-Yin-Zi decoction (JJDHYZ) has been used to treat the symptoms of neurological disorders with a long history. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the effects and possible mechanisms of JJDHYZ on a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced subacute mouse model of Parkinson's disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adult male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into five groups: control, MPTP, JJDHYZ low dosage (JJDHYZ-L, 8.5g/kg/day), medium dosage (JJDHYZ-M, 17g/kg/day) and high dosage (JJDHYZ-H, 34g/kg/day). Behavioral tests, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were conducted to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of JJDHYZ. The mechanism was further explored using TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling staining and transmission electron microscopy. The protein expression of Bax, Bcl-2, cytochrome c, full-length caspase9, cleaved caspase9, cleaved caspase3, caspase12 and C/EBP homologous protein was assessed. The toxicity on hepatocytes and renal cells was detected using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. RESULTS JJDHYZ-H restored the behavior performance impaired by MPTP, and reduced the loss of tyrosine hydroxylase. Additionally, it blocked the apoptosis, activated cleaved caspase3 and protected the ultrastructural integrity of mitochondria by regulating the expression of proteins in both mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) caspase12 pathways. CONCLUSIONS JJDHYZ-H showed behavior recovery and dopamine neuron protection by inhibiting the apoptotic activities associated with mitochondrial and ER caspase12 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingsi Zhang
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhennian Zhang
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jie Bao
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhonghai Yu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Min Cai
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiangting Li
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jun Xiang
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Dingfang Cai
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Zhang J, Zhang Z, Xiang J, Cai M, Yu Z, Li X, Wu T, Cai D. Neuroprotective Effects of Echinacoside on Regulating the Stress-Active p38MAPK and NF-κB p52 Signals in the Mice Model of Parkinson's Disease. Neurochem Res 2016; 42:975-985. [PMID: 27981472 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-2130-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Herbal medicines have long been used to treat Parkinson's disease (PD). To systematically analyze the anti-parkinsonian activity of echinacoside (ECH) in a neurotoxic model of PD and provide a future basis for basic and clinical investigations, male C57BL/6 mice were randomized into blank control, PD model and ECH-administration groups. ECH significantly suppressed the dopaminergic neuron loss (P < 0.01) caused by MPTP and maintained dopamine content (P < 0.01) and dopamine metabolite content (P < 0.05) compared with that measured in mice with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced damage. Additionally, ECH inhibited the activation of microglia and astrocytes in the substantia nigra, which suggested the involvement of neuroinflammation. The relevant cytokines were detected with a Proteome Profiler Array, which confirmed that ECH participated in the regulation of seven cytokines. Given that p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) and NF-kappaB (NF-κB) signals are considered to be closely related to neuroninflammation, the gene expression levels of p38MAPK and six NF-κB DNA-binding subunits were assessed. Western blotting analysis showed that both p38MAPK and the NF-κB p52 subunit were upregulated in the MPTP group and that ECH downregulated their expressions. Minocycline was administered as the positive control to inhibit neuroinflammation, and no differences were detected between the minocycline- and ECH-mediated inhibition of the p38MAPK and NF-κB p52 signals. In conclusion, echinacoside is a potential novel orally active compound for regulating neuroinflammation and related signals in Parkinson's disease and may provide a new prospect for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingsi Zhang
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhennian Zhang
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jun Xiang
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Min Cai
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhonghai Yu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiangting Li
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Dingfang Cai
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Brown DA, Betharia S, Yen JH, Kuo PC, Mistry H. Further structure-activity relationships study of substituted dithiolethiones as glutathione-inducing neuroprotective agents. Chem Cent J 2016; 10:64. [PMID: 27812368 PMCID: PMC5070379 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-016-0210-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with oxidative stress and glutathione depletion. The induction of cellular glutathione levels by exogenous molecules is a promising neuroprotective approach to limit the oxidative damage that characterizes Parkinson’s disease pathophysiology. Dithiolethiones, a class of sulfur-containing heterocyclic molecules, are known to increase cellular levels of glutathione; however, limited information is available regarding the influence of dithiolethione structure on activity. Herein, we report the design, synthesis, and pharmacological evaluation of a further series of dithiolethiones in the SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line. Results Our structure–activity relationships data show that dithiolethione electronic properties, given as Hammett σp constants, influence glutathione induction activity and compound toxicity. The most active glutathione inducer identified, 6a, dose-dependently protected cells from 6-hydroxydopamine toxicity. Furthermore, the protective effects of 6a were abrogated by the inhibitor of glutathione synthesis, buthionine sulfoximine, confirming the importance of glutathione in the protective activities of 6a. Conclusions The results of this study further delineate the relationship between dithiolethione chemical structure and glutathione induction. The neuroprotective properties of analog 6a suggest a role for dithiolethiones as potential antiparkinsonian agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis A Brown
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manchester University College of Pharmacy, 10627 Diebold Rd, Fort Wayne, IN 46845 USA
| | - Swati Betharia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manchester University College of Pharmacy, 10627 Diebold Rd, Fort Wayne, IN 46845 USA
| | - Jui-Hung Yen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 2101 E. Coliseum Blvd, Fort Wayne, IN 46805 USA
| | - Ping-Chang Kuo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 2101 E. Coliseum Blvd, Fort Wayne, IN 46805 USA
| | - Hitesh Mistry
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manchester University College of Pharmacy, 10627 Diebold Rd, Fort Wayne, IN 46845 USA
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