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Ma Y, Liu Z, Deng L, Du J, Fan Z, Ma T, Xiong J, Xiuyun X, Gu N, Di Z, Zhang Y. FGF21 attenuates neuroinflammation following subarachnoid hemorrhage through promoting mitophagy and inhibiting the cGAS-STING pathway. J Transl Med 2024; 22:436. [PMID: 38720350 PMCID: PMC11077765 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05239-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) represents a form of cerebrovascular event characterized by a notable mortality and morbidity rate. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), a versatile hormone predominantly synthesized by the hepatic tissue, has emerged as a promising neuroprotective agent. Nevertheless, the precise impacts and underlying mechanisms of FGF21 in the context of SAH remain enigmatic. METHODS To elucidate the role of FGF21 in inhibiting the microglial cGAS-STING pathway and providing protection against SAH-induced cerebral injury, a series of cellular and molecular techniques, including western blot analysis, real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, RNA sequencing, and behavioral assays, were employed. RESULTS Administration of recombinant fibroblast growth factor 21 (rFGF21) effectively mitigated neural apoptosis, improved cerebral edema, and attenuated neurological impairments post-SAH. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that SAH triggered the upregulation of numerous genes linked to innate immunity, particularly those involved in the type I interferon (IFN-I) pathway and microglial function, which were notably suppressed upon adjunctive rFGF21 treatment. Mechanistically, rFGF21 intervention facilitated mitophagy in an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent manner, thereby preventing mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) release into the cytoplasm and dampening the activation of the DNA-sensing cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling pathway. Conditional knockout of STING in microglia markedly ameliorated the inflammatory response and mitigated secondary brain injuries post-SAH. CONCLUSION Our results present the initial evidence that FGF21 confers a protective effect against neuroinflammation-associated brain damage subsequent to SAH. Mechanistically, we have elucidated a novel pathway by which FGF21 exerts this neuroprotection through inhibition of the cGAS-STING signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ma
- Department of Neurology, The affiliated Xi'an Central Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhiqin Liu
- Department of Neurology, The affiliated Xi'an Central Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lele Deng
- Department of Scientific Research Section, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jingjing Du
- Department of Neurology, The affiliated Xi'an Central Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zenghui Fan
- Department of Scientific Research Section, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tian Ma
- Department of Scientific Research Section, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Xiong
- Department of Neurology, The affiliated Xi'an Central Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xue Xiuyun
- Department of Neurology, The affiliated Xi'an Central Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Naibing Gu
- Department of Neurology, The affiliated Xi'an Central Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhengli Di
- Department of Neurology, The affiliated Xi'an Central Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China.
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2
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Bah MG, Dowlati E, Fleigner M, Koduri S, Pandey A, Lin LY, Chenevert TL, Troost J, Xi G, Keep R, Chaudhary N. MR Imaging-based Biomarker Development in Hemorrhagic Stroke Patients Including Brain Iron Quantification, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, and Phenomenon of Ultra-early Erythrolysis. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 2024; 34:215-224. [PMID: 38604706 DOI: 10.1016/j.nic.2024.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
This review article discusses the role of MR imaging-based biomarkers in understanding and managing hemorrhagic strokes, focusing on intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. ICH is a severe type of stroke with high mortality and morbidity rates, primarily caused by the rupture of small blood vessels in the brain, resulting in hematoma formation. MR imaging-based biomarkers, including brain iron quantification, ultra-early erythrolysis detection, and diffusion tensor imaging, offer valuable insights for hemorrhagic stroke management. These biomarkers could improve early diagnosis, risk stratification, treatment monitoring, and patient outcomes in the future, revolutionizing our approach to hemorrhagic strokes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momodou G Bah
- Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Ehsan Dowlati
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Max Fleigner
- Oakland University, William Beaumont School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Sravanthi Koduri
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Aditya Pandey
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Leanne Y Lin
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Thomas L Chenevert
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jonathan Troost
- Michigan Institute for Clinical and Health Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Guohua Xi
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Richard Keep
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Neeraj Chaudhary
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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3
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Grossini E, Esposito T, Viretto M, Venkatesan S, Licari I, Surico D, Della Corte F, Castello L, Bruno S, Quaglia M, Comi C, Cantaluppi V, Vaschetto R. Circulating Extracellular Vesicles in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Patients: Characterization and Cellular Effects. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14913. [PMID: 37834361 PMCID: PMC10573706 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) may play a pathophysiological role in the onset of complications of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), potentially contributing to the development of vasospasm (VP). In this study, we aimed to characterize circulating EVs in SAH patients and examine their effects on endothelial and smooth muscle cells (SMCs). In a total of 18 SAH patients, 10 with VP (VP), 8 without VP (NVP), and 5 healthy controls (HC), clinical variables were recorded at different time points. EVs isolated from plasma samples were characterized and used to stimulate human vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) and SMCs. We found that EVs from SAH patients expressed markers of T-lymphocytes and platelets and had a larger size and a higher concentration compared to those from HC. Moreover, EVs from VP patients reduced cell viability and mitochondrial membrane potential in HUVECs and increased oxidants and nitric oxide (NO) release. Furthermore, EVs from SAH patients increased intracellular calcium levels in SMCs. Altogether, our findings reveal an altered pattern of circulating EVs in SAH patients, suggesting their pathogenic role in promoting endothelial damage and enhancing smooth muscle reactivity. These results have significant implications for the use of EVs as potential diagnostic/prognostic markers and therapeutic tools in SAH management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Grossini
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy;
| | - Teresa Esposito
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (T.E.); (M.V.); (I.L.); (F.D.C.); (R.V.)
- Maggiore della Carità Hospital, 28100 Novara, Italy; (D.S.); (V.C.)
| | - Michela Viretto
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (T.E.); (M.V.); (I.L.); (F.D.C.); (R.V.)
- Maggiore della Carità Hospital, 28100 Novara, Italy; (D.S.); (V.C.)
| | - Sakthipriyan Venkatesan
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy;
| | - Ilaria Licari
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (T.E.); (M.V.); (I.L.); (F.D.C.); (R.V.)
- Maggiore della Carità Hospital, 28100 Novara, Italy; (D.S.); (V.C.)
| | - Daniela Surico
- Maggiore della Carità Hospital, 28100 Novara, Italy; (D.S.); (V.C.)
- Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Francesco Della Corte
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (T.E.); (M.V.); (I.L.); (F.D.C.); (R.V.)
- Maggiore della Carità Hospital, 28100 Novara, Italy; (D.S.); (V.C.)
| | - Luigi Castello
- Internal Medicine, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy;
- Azienda Ospedaliera SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, 15121 Alessandria, Italy;
| | - Stefania Bruno
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy;
| | - Marco Quaglia
- Azienda Ospedaliera SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, 15121 Alessandria, Italy;
- Nephrology, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Cristoforo Comi
- Neurology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy;
- Sant’Andrea Hospital, 00189 Vercelli, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cantaluppi
- Maggiore della Carità Hospital, 28100 Novara, Italy; (D.S.); (V.C.)
- Nephrology, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Rosanna Vaschetto
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (T.E.); (M.V.); (I.L.); (F.D.C.); (R.V.)
- Maggiore della Carità Hospital, 28100 Novara, Italy; (D.S.); (V.C.)
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4
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Zhou K, Enkhjargal B, Mo J, Zhang T, Zhu Q, Wu P, Reis C, Tang J, Zhang JH, Zhang J. Dihydrolipoic acid enhances autophagy and alleviates neurological deficits after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats. Exp Neurol 2021; 342:113752. [PMID: 33974879 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a crucial pathological process in early brain injury (EBI) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). In this study, we investigated the role of dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA) on enhancing autophagy and alleviating neurological deficits after SAH. SAH was induced by endovascular perforation in male Sprague-Dawley rats. DHLA (30 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally 1 h (h) after SAH. Small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) for lysosome-associated membrane protein-1 (LAMP1) was administered through intracerebroventricular (i.c.v) route 48 h before SAH induction. SAH grading score, neurological score, immunofluorescence staining, Fluoro-Jade C (FJC) staining, and Western blot were examined. DHLA treatment increased autophagy-related protein expression and downregulated the apoptosis-related protein expression 24 h after SAH. In addition, the DHLA treatment reduced neuronal cell death and alleviated neurological deficits after SAH. Furthermore, knockdown of LAMP1 abolished the neuroprotective effects of DHLA. These results indicate that LAMP1 may participate in autophagy after SAH. DHLA treatment can enhance autophagy, attenuate apoptosis, and alleviate neurofunctional deficits in EBI after SAH. It may provide an effective alternative method for the treatment of EBI after SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keren Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Brain research institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Budbazar Enkhjargal
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Jun Mo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Tongyu Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Qiquan Zhu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Pei Wu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Cesar Reis
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Jiping Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Brain research institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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5
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Computational methods for visualizing and measuring verapamil efficacy for cerebral vasospasm. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18780. [PMID: 33139791 PMCID: PMC7606481 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75365-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral vasospasm is a dreaded sequelae of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH), requiring timely intervention with therapeutic goals of improving brain perfusion. There are currently no standardized real-time, objective assessments of the interventional procedures performed to treat vasospasm. Here we describe real-time techniques to quantify cerebral perfusion during interventional cerebral angiography. We retrospectively analyzed 39 consecutive cases performed to treat clinical vasospasm and quantified the changes in perfusion metrics between pre- and post- verapamil administrations. With Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA) perfusion analysis, we are able to identify hypoperfused territories and quantify the exact changes in cerebral perfusion for each individual case and vascular territory. We demonstrate that perfusion analysis for DSA can be performed in real time. This provides clinicians with a colorized map which directly visualizes hypoperfused tissue, combined with associated perfusion statistics. Quantitative thresholds and analysis based on DSA perfusion may assist with real-time dosage estimation and help predict response to treatment, however future prospective analysis is required for validation.
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6
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Du G, Geng D, Zhou K, Fan Y, Su R, Zhou Q, Liu B, Duysenbi S. Identification of potential key pathways, genes and circulating markers in the development of intracranial aneurysm based on weighted gene co-expression network analysis. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 48:999-1007. [PMID: 32589050 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2020.1770264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: Intracranial aneurysm (IA) is a disease resulted from weak brain control, characterized by local expansion or dilation of brain artery. This study aimed to construct a gene co-expression network by Weighted Gene Correlation Network Analysis (WGCNA) to explore the potential key pathways and genes for the development of IA.Method: Six IA-related gene expression data sets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database for identifying differentially expressed genes (DEGs). WGCNA was used to identify modules associated with IA. Functional enrichment analysis was used to explore the potential biological functions. ROC analysis was used to find markers for predicting IA.Results: Purple, greenyellow and yellow modules were significantly associated with unruptured intracranial aneurysms, while blue and turquoise modules were significantly associated with ruptured intracranial aneurysms. Functional modules significantly related to IA were enriched in Ribosome, Glutathione metabolism, cAMP signalling pathway, Lysosome, Glycosaminoglycan degradation and other pathways. CD163, FCEREG, FPR1, ITGAM, NLRC4, PDG, and TYROBP were up-regulated ruptured intracranial aneurysms and serum, these genes were potential circulating markers for predicting IA rupture.Conclusions: Potential IA-related key pathways, genes and circulating markers were identified for predicting IA rupture by WGCNA analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojia Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Dangmurenjiafu Geng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Kai Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yandong Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Riqing Su
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Qingjiu Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Serick Duysenbi
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
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7
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Chai CL, Pyeong Jeon J, Tsai YH, Whittaker P, Macdonald RL, Lindgren AE, Ayling OG, Acioly MA, Cohen-Gadol A, Huang YH. Endovascular Intervention Versus Surgery in Ruptured Intracranial Aneurysms in Equipoise. Stroke 2020; 51:1703-1711. [DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.120.028798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose—
The benefits of endovascular intervention over surgery in the treatment of ruptured aneurysms of anterior circulation remains uncertain. Recently, published studies did not find superiority of endovascular intervention, challenging earlier evidence from a clinical trial. The earlier evidence also had a higher than average proportion of patients in good clinical status, leading to uncertainty about external validity of earlier trials.
Methods—
We performed a systematic review of studies after 2005 under a protocol published in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews. Primary outcomes were posttreatment rebleeding and adverse events (procedural complications). Secondary outcomes were dependency at 3 to 6 and 12 months, delayed cerebral ischemia, and seizures.
Results—
Rebleeding was more frequent after endovascular intervention (Peto OR, 2.18 [95% CI, 1.29–3.70]; 3104 participants; 15 studies; I
2
=0%, Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation: very low certainty of evidence). Fewer adverse events were reported with the endovascular intervention (RR, 0.71 [95% CI, 0.53–0.95]; 1661 participants; 11 studies; I
2
=14%, Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation: low certainty of evidence). Three to six months dependency (RR, 0.82 [95% CI, 0.73–0.93]; 4081 participants; 18 studies; I
2
=15%, Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation: low certainty of evidence) and 12-month dependency (RR, 0.76 [95% CI, 0.66–0.86]; 1981 participants; 10 studies; I
2
=0%, Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation: low certainty of evidence) were lower after endovascular intervention.
Conclusions—
This study found consistent results between recent studies and the earlier evidence, in that endovascular intervention results in lower chance of dependency compared with surgery for repair of ruptured anterior circulation aneurysms. A lower proportion of patients in good clinical status in this review supports the application of the earlier evidence.
Registration—
URL:
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO
. Unique identifier: CRD42018090396.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung Liang Chai
- From the School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, United Kingdom (C.L.C., P.W.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yee Zen General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan (C.L.C.)
| | - Jin Pyeong Jeon
- Institute of New Frontier Stroke Research, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea (J.P.J.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea (J.P.J.)
- Genetic and Research Incorporation, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea (J.P.J.)
| | - Yi-Hsin Tsai
- Neurointensive Care Unit, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan (Y.-H.T.)
| | - Paula Whittaker
- From the School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, United Kingdom (C.L.C., P.W.)
| | - R. Loch Macdonald
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, ON, Canada (R.L.M.)
| | - Antti E. Lindgren
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland (A.E.L.)
| | - Oliver G.S. Ayling
- Division of Neurosurgery, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (O.G.S.A.)
| | - Marcus André Acioly
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Division of Neurosurgery, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (M.A.A.)
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (M.A.A.)
| | - Aaron Cohen-Gadol
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine and Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine, Indianapolis (A.C.-G.)
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8
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Zhuang K, Zuo YC, Sherchan P, Wang JK, Yan XX, Liu F. Hydrogen Inhalation Attenuates Oxidative Stress Related Endothelial Cells Injury After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats. Front Neurosci 2020; 13:1441. [PMID: 32038143 PMCID: PMC6985445 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a devastating cerebrovascular disease with poor clinical outcome. Nucleotide binding and oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome serves a key role in inflammatory response, which may lead to endothelial cell injury and blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption. Hydrogen (H2) is considered a neuroprotective antioxidant. This study was set out to explore whether hydrogen inhalation protects against SAH induced endothelial cell injury, BBB disruption, microthrombosis and vasospasm in rats. Methods: One hundred eighty-two male SD rats were used for the study. SAH was induced by endovascular perforation. H2 at a concentration of 3.3% was inhaled beginning at 0.5 h after SAH for duration of 30, 60 or 120 min, followed by single administration or once daily administration for 3 days. The temporal expression of NLRP3 and ASC in the brain was determined, with the effect of hydrogen inhalation evaluated. In addition, brain water content, oxidative stress markers, inflammasome, apoptotic markers, microthrombosis, and vasospasm were evaluated at 24 or 72 h after SAH. Results: The expression of NLRP3 and ASC were upregulated after SAH associated with elevated expression of MDA, 8-OHdG, 4-HNE, HO-1, TLR4/NF-κB, inflammatory and apoptotic makers. Hydrogen inhalation reduced the expression of these inflammatory and apoptotic makers in the vessels, brain edema, microthrombi formation, and vasospasm in rats with SAH relative to control. Hydrogen inhalation also improved short-term and long-term neurological recovery after SAH. Conclusion: Hydrogen inhalation can ameliorate oxidative stress related endothelial cells injury in the brain and improve neurobehavioral outcomes in rats following SAH. Mechanistically, the above beneficial effects might be related to, at least in part, the inhibition of activation of ROS/NLRP3 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhuang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu-Chun Zuo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Prativa Sherchan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Ji-Kai Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao-Xin Yan
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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9
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Yuan S, Yu Z, Zhang Z, Zhang J, Zhang P, Li X, Li H, Shen H, Chen G. RIP3 participates in early brain injury after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats by inducing necroptosis. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 129:144-158. [PMID: 31082470 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Necroptosis is a regulated form of necrosis that is mediated by a variety of proteins including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and receptor-interacting proteins (RIPs). TNF-α, a critical inflammatory molecule, is one of the initiating signals in the necroptosis pathway, and RIP3 acts as a switch that commits the cell to necroptosis. Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a common type of hemorrhagic stroke with high mortality and disability rates. RIP3 has been studied in many central nervous system (CNS) diseases, but its role in SAH has not been investigated in depth. Here, we used an autologous-blood injection model to study the role of RIP3 in brain injury induced by SAH in rats. Several indexes such as brain edema, loss of blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity, and behavioral tests of neurological function were used to evaluate brain damage in SAH-injured rats. We found that the expression of RIP3 was increased in the rat brain after SAH, reaching the highest point 24 h post-injury. We also showed that genetic or pharmacological inhibition of RIP3 or TNF-α reduced the brain damage induced by SAH, whereas overexpression of RIP3 aggravated brain injury and neurological damage. Additionally, we verified the presence of RIP3-mediated necroptosis in an in vitro SAH model of primary cultured neurons treated with conditioned medium from primary microglia activated by oxygen hemoglobin (OxyHb). Collectively, our findings indicated that RIP3 contributed to brain damage after SAH by inducing necroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhengquan Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhuwei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Juyi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Haiying Li
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Haitao Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
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10
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Zhao H, Li Y, Chen L, Shen C, Xiao Z, Xu R, Wang J, Luo Y. HucMSCs-Derived miR-206-Knockdown Exosomes Contribute to Neuroprotection in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Induced Early Brain Injury by Targeting BDNF. Neuroscience 2019; 417:11-23. [PMID: 31400488 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Early brain injury (EBI) is the most important potentially treatable cause of mortality and morbidity following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Apoptosis is one of the main pathologies of SAH-induced EBI. Numerous studies suggest that human umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells (hucMSCs) may exert neuroprotective effect through exosomes instead of transdifferentiation. In addition, microRNA-206 (miR-206) targets BDNF and plays a critical role in brain injury diseases. However, the therapy effect of miR-206 modified exosomes on EBI after SAH and its regulatory mechanism have not been elucidated. Here, to identify whether hucMSCs-derived miR-206-knockdown exosomes have a better neuroprotective effect, we established SAH rat model and treated it with the exosomes to research the mechanism of miR-206 in EBI after SAH. We found that treatment with hucMSCs-derived miR-206-knockdown exosomes has a greater neuroprotective effect on SAH-induced EBI compared to treatment with simple exosomes. The miR-206-knockdown exosomes could significantly improve neurological deficit and brain edema and suppress neuronal apoptosis by targeting BDNF. Moreover, the BDNF/TrkB/CREB pathway was activated following treatment with miR-206 modified exosomes in vivo. In summary, these findings indicate that the hucMSCs-derived miR-206-knockdown exosomes prevent early brain injury by inhibiting apoptosis via BDNF/TrkB/CREB signaling. This may serve as a novel therapeutic target for treatment of SAH-induced EBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Seventh Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Yunjun Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Seventh Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Lihua Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Seventh Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Chunsen Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Seventh Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Zongyu Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, 810000, China
| | - Ruxiang Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Seventh Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Ji Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Seventh Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100000, China; Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China.
| | - Yongchun Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Seventh Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100000, China.
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11
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Intracranial Administration of Nicardipine After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Review of the Literature. World Neurosurg 2019; 125:511-518.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.01.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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12
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Rui Q, Ni H, Liu H, Zhu X, Gao R. Coffee and tea consumption and the risk for subarachnoid hemorrhage: A meta-analysis. Nutrition 2019; 59:21-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2018.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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13
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Fang Y, Chen S, Reis C, Zhang J. The Role of Autophagy in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: An Update. Curr Neuropharmacol 2018; 16:1255-1266. [PMID: 28382869 PMCID: PMC6251055 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x15666170406142631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autophagy is an extensive self-degradation process for the disposition of cytosolic aggregated or misfolded proteins and defective organelles which executes the functions of pro-survival and pro-death to maintain cellular homeostasis. The pathway plays essential roles in several neurological disorders. Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH) is a devastating subtype of hemorrhagic stroke with high risk of neurological deficit and high mortality. Early brain injury (EBI) plays a role in the poor clinical course and outcome after SAH. Recent studies have paid attention on the role of the autophagy pathway in the development of EBI after SAH. We aim to update the multifaceted roles of autophagy pathway in the pathogenesis of SAH, especially in the phase of EBI. METHODS We reviewed early researches related to autophagy and SAH. The following three aspects of contents will be mainly discussed: the process of the autophagy pathway, the role of the autophagy in SAH and the interaction between organelle dysfunction and autophagy pathway after SAH. RESULTS Accumulating evidence shows an increased autophagy reaction in response to early stages of SAH. However, others suggest inadequate or excessive autophagy activation can result in cell injury and death. In addition to autophagy, apoptosis and necrosis can occur in neurons simultaneously after SAH, leading to mixed features of cell death morphologies. And it is also known that there is extensive crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis pathway. Subcellular organelles of neural cells generally participate in the formation and functional parts of autophagy process. CONCLUSION Autophagy plays an important role in the SAH-induced brain injury. A better understanding of the interrelationship among autophagy, apoptosis, and necrosis might provide us better therapeutic targets for the treatment of SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjian Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cesar Reis
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Brain Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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14
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Pang J, Peng J, Yang P, Kuai L, Chen L, Zhang JH, Jiang Y. White Matter Injury in Early Brain Injury after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Cell Transplant 2018; 28:26-35. [PMID: 30442028 PMCID: PMC6322133 DOI: 10.1177/0963689718812054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a major cause of high morbidity, disability, and mortality in the field of neurovascular disease. Most previous SAH studies have focused on improving cerebral blood flow, reducing cerebral vasospasm, reducing neuronal calcium overload, and other treatments. While these studies showed exciting findings in basic science, therapeutic strategies based on the findings have not significantly improved neurological outcomes in patients with SAH. Currently, the only drug proven to effectively reduce the neurological defects of SAH patients is nimodipine. Current advances in imaging technologies in the field of stroke have confirmed that white matter injury (WMI) plays an important role in the prognosis of types of stroke, and suggests that WMI protection is essential for functional recovery and poststroke rehabilitation. However, WMI injury in relation to SAH has remained obscure until recently. An increasing number of studies suggest that the current limitations for SAH treatment are probably linked to overlooked WMI in previous studies that focused only on neurons and gray matter. In this review, we discuss the biology and functions of white matter in the normal brain, and discuss the potential pathophysiology and mechanisms of early brain injury after SAH. Our review demonstrates that WMI encompasses multiple substrates, and, therefore, more than one pharmacological approach is necessary to preserve WMI and prevent neurobehavioral impairment after SAH. Strategies targeting both neuronal injury and WMI may potentially provide a novel future for SAH knowledge and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwei Pang
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianhua Peng
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Ping Yang
- 2 Department of Vasculocardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Kuai
- 3 Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Ligang Chen
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - John H Zhang
- 4 Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, CA, USA
| | - Yong Jiang
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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15
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Pang J, Peng J, Matei N, Yang P, Kuai L, Wu Y, Chen L, Vitek MP, Li F, Sun X, Zhang JH, Jiang Y. Apolipoprotein E Exerts a Whole-Brain Protective Property by Promoting M1? Microglia Quiescence After Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Mice. Transl Stroke Res 2018; 9:654-668. [PMID: 30225551 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-018-0665-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a neurologically destructive stroke in which early brain injury (EBI) plays a pivotal role in poor patient outcomes. Expanding upon our previous work, multiple techniques and methods were used in this preclinical study to further elucidate the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of apolipoprotein E (ApoE) against EBI after SAH in murine apolipoprotein E gene-knockout mice (Apoe-/-, KO) and wild-type mice (WT) on a C57BL/6J background. We reported that Apoe deficiency resulted in a more extensive EBI at 48 h after SAH in mice demonstrated by MRI scanning and immunohistochemical staining and exhibited more extensive white matter injury and neuronal apoptosis than WT mice. These changes were associated with an increase in NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) expression, an important regulator of both oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, immunohistochemical analysis revealed that NOX2 was abundantly expressed in activated M1 microglia. The JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway, an upstream regulator of NOX2, was increased in WT mice and activated to an even greater extent in Apoe-/- mice; whereas, the JAK2-specific inhibitor, AG490, reduced NOX2 expression, oxidative stress, and inflammation in Apoe-deficient mice. Also, apoE-mimetic peptide COG1410 suppressed the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway and significantly reduced M1 microglia activation with subsequent attenuation of oxidative stress and inflammation after SAH. Taken together, apoE and apoE-mimetic peptide have whole-brain protective effects that may reduce EBI after SAH via M1 microglial quiescence through the attenuation of the JAK2/STAT3/NOX2 signaling pathway axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwei Pang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No 25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jianhua Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No 25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Nathanael Matei
- Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No 25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Li Kuai
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No 25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yue Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ligang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No 25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Michael P Vitek
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Cognosci Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Fengqiao Li
- Cognosci Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Xiaochuan Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - John H Zhang
- Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Yong Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No 25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan Province, China. .,Sichuan Province Neurosurgery Clinical Medical Research Center, Luzhou, China. .,Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China.
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16
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Zhou K, Shi L, Wang Z, Zhou J, Manaenko A, Reis C, Chen S, Zhang J. RIP1-RIP3-DRP1 pathway regulates NLRP3 inflammasome activation following subarachnoid hemorrhage. Exp Neurol 2017; 295:116-124. [PMID: 28579326 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The NLRP3 inflammasome functions as a crucial component of the inflammatory response in early brain injury (EBI) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). However, the mechanisms underlying the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome has not been well elucidated. In this study, we hypothesized the RIP1-RIP3-DRP1 pathway was involved in the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome following SAH. SAH was induced by endovascular perforation in rats. Necrostatin-1 (Nec-1) or mitochondrial division inhibitor (Mdivi-1) was administered 1h after SAH by intraperitoneal injection. SAH grade, neurological function, brain water content, Western blot, ROS assay, immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy were performed. SAH led to the upregulation of RIP1, RIP3, phosphorylated DRP1 and NLRP3 inflammasome. Nec-1 treatment reduced RIP1, RIP3, phosphorylated DRP1 and NLRP3 inflammasome, subsequently alleviated brain edema and neurological deficits at 24h following SAH. The treatment with Mdivi-1 inhibited the expression of DRP1 protein, attenuated mitochondria damage and the generation of ROS, inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome and ameliorated brain edema and neurological deficits at 24h after SAH. The activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in EBI after SAH was mediated by RIP1-RIP3-DRP1 pathway. Nec-1 and Mdivi-1 can inhibit inflammation and improve neurological function after SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keren Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Brain research institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ligen Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Brain research institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Brain research institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingyi Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Brain research institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Anatol Manaenko
- Department of Neurology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Cesar Reis
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Brain research institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Brain research institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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17
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Dou Y, Shen H, Feng D, Li H, Tian X, Zhang J, Wang Z, Chen G. Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 participates in early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats through inhibiting autophagy and promoting oxidative stress. J Neurochem 2017; 142:478-492. [PMID: 28543180 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) is a member of the TRAF family and an important multifunctional intracellular adaptin of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily and toll/IL-1 receptor (TIR) superfamily. TRAF6 has been studied in several central nervous system diseases, including ischemic stroke, traumatic brain injury, and neurodegenerative diseases, but its role in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) has not been fully illustrated. This study was designed to explore changes of expression level and potential roles and mechanisms of TRAF6 in early brain injury (EBI) after SAH using a Sprague-Dawley rat model of SAH induced in 0.3 mL non-heparinized autologous arterial blood injected into the pre-chiasmatic cistern. First, compared with the sham group, we found that the expression levels of TRAF6 increased gradually and peaked at 24 h after SAH. Second, the results showed that application of TRAF6 over-expression plasmid and genetic silencing siRNA could increase or decrease expression of TRAF6, respectively, and severely exacerbate or relieve EBI after SAH, including neuronal death, brain edema, and blood-brain barrier injury. Meanwhile, the levels of autophagy and oxidative stress were reduced and increased separately. Finally, GFP-TRAF6-C70A, which is a TRAF6 mutant that lacks E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, was used to explore the mechanism of TRAF6 in SAH, and the results showed that EBI and oxidative stress were reduced, but the levels of autophagy were increased under this condition. Collectively, these results indicated that TRAF6 affected the degree of EBI after SAH by inhibiting autophagy and promoting oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Dou
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haitao Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - Haiying Li
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaodi Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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18
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Fan R, Enkhjargal B, Camara R, Yan F, Gong L, ShengtaoYao, Tang J, Chen Y, Zhang JH. Critical role of EphA4 in early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rat. Exp Neurol 2017; 296:41-48. [PMID: 28698029 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Early brain injury (EBI) is reported as a primary cause of mortality in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) patients. Eph receptor A4 (EphA4) has been associated with blood-brain barrier integrity and pro-apoptosis. We aimed to investigate a role of EphA4 in EBI after SAH. One hundred and seventy-nine male adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham versus endovascular perforation model of SAH groups. SAH grade, neurological score, Evans blue dye extravasation, brain water content, mortality, Fluoro-Jade staining, immunofluorescence staining, and western blot experiments were performed after SAH. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) for EphA4, recombinant Ephexin-1 (rEphx-1), and Fasudil, a potent ROCK2 inhibitor, were used for intervention to study a role of EphA4 on EBI after SAH. The expression of EphA4, Ephexin-1, RhoA, and ROCK2 significantly increased after SAH. Knockdown of EphA4 using EphA4 siRNA injection intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v) reduced Evans blue extravasation, decreased brain water content, and alleviated neurobehavioral dysfunction after SAH. Additionally, the expression of Ephexin-1, RhoA, ROCK2 and cleaved caspase-3 were decreased. Tight junction proteins increased, and apoptotic neuron death decreased. The effects of EphA4 siRNA were abolished by rEphx-1. In contrast, Fasudil abolished the effects of rEphx-1. These results suggest that EphA4, a novel and promising target for treatment, exacerbates EBI through an Ephexin-1/ROCK2 pathway after SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiming Fan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, United States
| | - Budbazar Enkhjargal
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, United States
| | - Richard Camara
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, United States
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, United States
| | - Lei Gong
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, United States
| | - ShengtaoYao
- Department of cerebrovascular, the Affiliated Hospital, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Jiping Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, United States
| | - Yangmei Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China.
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, United States; Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, United States; Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, United States.
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19
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Zhang L, Li Z, Feng D, Shen H, Tian X, Li H, Wang Z, Chen G. Involvement of Nox2 and Nox4 NADPH oxidases in early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Free Radic Res 2017; 51:316-328. [PMID: 28330417 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2017.1311015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jingjiang People’s Hospital, Jiangsu, Jiangsu Province, China
| | | | - Haitao Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaodi Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Haiying Li
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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20
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Yin C, Huang GF, Sun XC, Guo Z, Zhang JH. DLK silencing attenuated neuron apoptosis through JIP3/MA2K7/JNK pathway in early brain injury after SAH in rats. Neurobiol Dis 2017; 103:133-143. [PMID: 28396258 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dual leucine zipper kinase (DLK/MA3K12) has been reported involved in apoptosis and neuronal degeneration during neural development and traumatic brain injury. This study was designed to investigate the role of DLK with its adaptor protein JNK interacting protein-3 (JIP3), and its downstream MA2K7/JNK signaling pathway in early brain injury (EBI) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in a rat model. DESIGN Controlled in vivo laboratory study. SETTING Animal research laboratory. SUBJECTS Two hundred and twenty-three adult male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 280-320g. INTERVENTIONS SAH was induced by endovascular perforation in rats. The SAH grade, neurological score, and brain water content were measured at 24 and 72h after SAH. Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the cells that expressed DLK. The terminal deoxynucleotid transferase-deoxyuridine triphosphate (dUTP) nick end labeling (TUNEL) was used to detect the neuronal apoptosis. In mechanism research, the expression of DLK, JIP3, phosphorylated-JNK (p-JNK)/JNK, and cleaved caspase-3 (CC-3) were analyzed by western blot at 24h after SAH. The DLK small interfering RNA (siRNA), JIP3 siRNA, MA2K7 siRNA and recombinant DLK protein which injected intracerebroventricularly were given as the interventions. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The DLK expression was increased in the left cortex neurons and peaked at 24h after SAH. DLK siRNA attenuated brain edema, reduced neuronal apoptosis, and improved the neurobehavioral functions after SAH, but the recombinant DLK protein deteriorated neurobehavioral functions and brain edema. DLK siRNA decreased and recombinant DLK protein increased the expression of MA2K7/p-JNK/CC-3 at 24h after SAH. The JIP3 siRNA reduced the level of JIP3/MA2K7/p-JNK/CC-3, combined DLK siRNA and JIP3 siRNA further decreased the expression of DLK/MA2K7/p-JNK/CC-3, and MA2K7 siRNA lowered the amount of MA2K7/p-JNK/CC-3 at 24h after SAH. CONCLUSIONS As a negative role, DLK was involved in EBI after SAH, possibly mediated by its adaptor protein JIP3 and MA2K7/JNK signaling pathways. To reduce the level of DLK may be a new target as intervention for SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Yin
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Physiology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Guang-Fu Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao-Chuan Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zongduo Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - John H Zhang
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Physiology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
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21
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Yao X, Ma J, Li H, Shen H, Lu X, Chen G. Safety and efficiency of flow diverters for treating small intracranial aneurysms: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Int Med Res 2017; 45:11-21. [PMID: 28222628 PMCID: PMC5536596 DOI: 10.1177/0300060516671600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We evaluated the safety and efficiency of flow diverters (FDs) in treating small intracranial aneurysms (IAs). Materials and Methods We reviewed the literature published in PubMed and EMBASE. R for Project software was used to calculate the complete aneurysm occlusion rates, procedure-related neurologic mortality, procedure-related neurologic morbidity and procedure-related permanent morbidity. Results Ten observational studies were included in this analysis. The complete aneurysm occlusion rate was 84.23% (80.34%–87.76%), the procedure-related neurologic mortality was 0.87% (0.29%–1.74%), the procedure-related neurologic morbidity rate was 5.22% (3.62%–7.1%), the intracerebral haemorrhage rate was 1.42% (0.64%–2.49%), the ischemic rate was 2.35% (1.31%–3.68%), the subarachnoid haemorrhage rate was 0.03% (0%–0.32%) and the procedure-related permanent morbidity was 2.41% (0.81%–4.83%). Conclusions Treatment of small IAs with FDs may be correlated with high complete occlusion rates and low complication rates. Future long-term follow-up randomized trials will determine the optimal treatment for small IAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyang Yao
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery and Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Junwei Ma
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery and Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,2 Department of Neurosurgery, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Suzhou, China
| | - Haiying Li
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery and Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Haitao Shen
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery and Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Lu
- 3 Department of Neurosurgery, Taicang First People's Hospital, Taicang, China
| | - Gang Chen
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery and Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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22
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Guo D, Wilkinson DA, Thompson BG, Pandey AS, Keep RF, Xi G, Hua Y. MRI Characterization in the Acute Phase of Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Transl Stroke Res 2016; 8:234-243. [PMID: 27896625 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-016-0511-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A number of mechanisms have been proposed for the early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). In this study, we investigated the radiographic characteristics and influence of gender on early brain injury after experimental SAH. SAH was induced by endovascular perforation in male and female rats. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed in a 7.0-T Varian MR scanner at 24 h after SAH. The occurrence and size of T2 lesions, ventricular dilation, and white matter injury (WMI) were determined on T2-weighted images (T2WI). The effects of SAH on heme oxygenase-1 and fibrin/fibrinogen were examined by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. SAH severity was assessed using a MRI grading system, and neurological function was evaluated according to a modified Garcia's scoring system. T2 hyperintensity areas and enlarged ventricles were observed in T2WI coronal sections 24 h after SAH. The overall incidence of T2 lesions, WMI, and hydrocephalus was 54, 20, and 63%, respectively. Female rats had a higher incidence of T2 hyperintensity lesions and hydrocephalus, as well as larger T2 lesion volumes and higher average ventricular volume. SAH rats graded at 3-4 (our previously validated MRI grading scale) had larger T2 lesion volumes, more hydrocephalus, and worse neurological function compared with those graded at 0-2. In conclusion, T2 lesion, WMI, and hydrocephalus were the most prevalent MRI characteristics 24 h after experimental SAH. The T2 lesion area matched with fibrinogen/fibrin positive staining in the acute phase of SAH. SAH induced more severe brain injury in females compared to males in the acute phase of SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dewei Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2200, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - D Andrew Wilkinson
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2200, USA
| | - B Gregory Thompson
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2200, USA
| | - Aditya S Pandey
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2200, USA
| | - Richard F Keep
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2200, USA
| | - Guohua Xi
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2200, USA
| | - Ya Hua
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2200, USA.
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23
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Yao XY, Jiang CQ, Jia GL, Chen G. Diabetes mellitus and the risk of aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage: A systematic review and meta-analysis of current evidence. J Int Med Res 2016; 44:1141-1155. [PMID: 28322094 PMCID: PMC5536738 DOI: 10.1177/0300060516666426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This systematic review aimed to define the relationship between diabetes mellitus (DM) and the risk of aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH). Methods Studies associated with DM and aSAH published until March 2016 were retrieved from Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases. A random-effects model was used to calculate the relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results Eighteen observational studies were retrieved. The overall RRs for DM and aSAH were RRs = 0.59 (0.44, 0.79), with moderate heterogeneity (I2 = 55.7%, Pheterogeneity = 0.000). Subgroup analysis by study quality revealed a reduced association between DM and aSAH risk in high quality studies only (RRs = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.29, 0.56; I2 = 0.0%, Pheterogeneity = 0.549), therefore study quality may be a source of heterogeneity. Conclusion A potential decreased risk of aSAH in DM patients was found in high quality studies. Further studies are required to confirm this causal relationship and to investigate the biological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Yang Yao
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Cai-Qi Jiang
- 2 Department of Neurosurgery, Suzhou Xiangcheng People's Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Gen-Lai Jia
- 3 Department of Neurosurgery, The People's Hospital of Rugao, Jiangsu Rugao, China
| | - Gang Chen
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Inhibition of Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption by an Apolipoprotein E-Mimetic Peptide Ameliorates Early Brain Injury in Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Transl Stroke Res 2016; 8:257-272. [PMID: 27796945 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-016-0507-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Revised: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (ApoE)-mimetic peptides have been demonstrated to be beneficial in secondary brain injury following experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these benefits in SAH models have not been clearly identified. This study investigated whether an ApoE-mimetic peptide affords neuroprotection in early brain injury (EBI) following SAH by attenuating BBB disruption. SAH was induced by an endovascular perforation in young, healthy, male wild-type (WT) C57BL/6J mice. Multiple techniques, including MRI with T2-weighted imaging, 18 FDG PET-CT scanning and histological studies, were used to examine BBB integrity and neurological dysfunction in EBI following SAH. We found that SAH induced a significant increase of BBB permeability and neuron apoptosis, whereas ApoE-mimetic peptide treatment significantly reduced the degradation of tight junction proteins and endothelial cell apoptosis. These effects reduced brain edema and neuron apoptosis, increased cerebral glucose uptake, and improved neurological functions. Further investigation revealed that the ApoE-mimetic peptide inhibited the proinflammatory activators of MMP-9, including CypA, NF-κB, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β, thereby ameliorating BBB disruption at the acute stage of SAH. Together, these data indicate that ApoE-mimetic peptide may be a novel and promising therapeutic strategy for EBI amelioration after SAH that are worthy of further study.
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25
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Huang JL, Manaenko A, Ye ZH, Sun XJ, Hu Q. Hypoxia therapy--a new hope for the treatment of mitochondrial dysfunctions. Med Gas Res 2016; 6:174-176. [PMID: 27867487 PMCID: PMC5110142 DOI: 10.4103/2045-9912.191365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunctions are characteristic features of numerous diseases and play a critical role in disease pathogenesis. Despite intensive research in this area, there are no approved therapies that directly target mitochondria. Recently a study by Jain et al. from Massachusetts General Hospital, USA reported the effectiveness of hypoxia for treatment of mitochondrial disease in mice. In this commentary, we summarized the potential mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of hypoxia on mitochondrial dysfunction, and clinical limitations of hypoxia as a therapy for human patients. We hope that our concerns will be helpful for further clinical studies addressing moderate hypoxia in mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Long Huang
- Discipline of Neuroscience, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Naval Aviation, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Anatol Manaenko
- Department of Neurology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Zhou-Heng Ye
- Department of Naval Aviation, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue-Jun Sun
- Department of Naval Aviation, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Hu
- Discipline of Neuroscience, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Transient receptor potential channel 1/4 reduces subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced early brain injury in rats via calcineurin-mediated NMDAR and NFAT dephosphorylation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33577. [PMID: 27641617 PMCID: PMC5027540 DOI: 10.1038/srep33577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential channel 1/4 (TRPC1/4) are considered to be related to subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)-induced cerebral vasospasm. In this study, a SAH rat model was employed to study the roles of TRPC1/4 in the early brain injury (EBI) after SAH. Primary cultured hippocampal neurons were exposed to oxyhemoglobin to mimic SAH in vitro. The protein levels of TRPC1/4 increased and peaked at 5 days after SAH in rats. Inhibition of TRPC1/4 by SKF96365 aggravated SAH-induced EBI, such as cortical cell death (by TUNEL staining) and degenerating (by FJB staining). In addition, TRPC1/4 overexpression could increase calcineurin activity, while increased calcineurin activity could promote the dephosphorylation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR). Calcineurin antagonist FK506 could weaken the neuroprotection and the dephosphorylation of NMDAR induced by TRPC1/4 overexpression. Contrarily, calcineurin agonist chlorogenic acid inhibited SAH-induced EBI, even when siRNA intervention of TRPC1/4 was performed. Moreover, calcineurin also could lead to the nuclear transfer of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT), which is a transcription factor promoting the expressions of TRPC1/4. TRPC1/4 could inhibit SAH-induced EBI by supressing the phosphorylation of NMDAR via calcineurin. TRPC1/4-induced calcineurin activation also could promote the nuclear transfer of NFAT, suggesting a positive feedback regulation of TRPC1/4 expressions.
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Recent Advances of the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Central Nervous System Disorders. J Immunol Res 2016; 2016:9238290. [PMID: 27652274 PMCID: PMC5019917 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9238290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes that trigger the activation of caspases-1 and subsequently the maturation of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β and interleukin-18. These cytokines play a critical role in mediating inflammation and innate immunity response. Among various inflammasome complexes, the NLRP3 inflammasome is the best characterized, which has been demonstrated as a crucial role in various diseases. Here, we review recently described mechanisms that are involved in the activation and regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome. In addition, we summarize the recent researches on the role of NLRP3 inflammasome in central nervous system (CNS) diseases, including traumatic brain injury, ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke, brain tumor, neurodegenerative diseases, and other CNS diseases. In conclusion, the NLRP3 inflammasome may be a promising therapeutic target for these CNS diseases.
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28
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You W, Zuo G, Shen H, Tian X, Li H, Zhu H, Yin J, Zhang T, Wang Z. Potential dual role of nuclear factor-kappa B in experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced early brain injury in rabbits. Inflamm Res 2016; 65:975-984. [PMID: 27554683 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-016-0980-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) has multiple physiological and pathological functions. The role of NF-κB can be protective or destructive. We aim to investigate the biphasic activation of NF-κB in brain after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). MATERIAL OR SUBJECTS Eighty male New Zealand rabbits are assigned to control, SAH, vehicle, and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) groups. TREATMENT PDTC (3 mg/kg, dissolved in saline) was injected into cisterna magna. METHODS Immunofluorescence and electrophoretic mobility shift assay experiments were performed to assess the activation of NF-κB. The levels of inflammatory and apoptosis mediators were detected by ELISA and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Nissl and immunofluorescent stain was performed to evaluate neuron injury. RESULTS NF-κB activity in the brain cortex showed two peaks after SAH. Inflammatory mediators exhibited similar time course. PDTC could significantly inhibit the NF-κB activity and inflammatory mediators. Suppressing the early NF-κB activity significantly decreased neuron injury, while inhibiting the late one could statistically increase neuron injury. CONCLUSIONS The biphasic NF-κB activation in the brain cortex after SAH played a decisive role on neuronal fate through the inflammatory signaling pathway. The early NF-κB activity contributed to neuron damage after SAH. Nevertheless, the late activated NF-κB may serve as a protector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanchun You
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Gang Zuo
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Taicang City, Taicang, 215400, China
| | - Haitao Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Xiaodi Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Haiying Li
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Haiping Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changshu No. 1 People's Hospital, Changshu, 215500, China.
| | - Jun Yin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taixing Chinese Medicine Hospital, Taixing, 225400, China.
| | - Tiejun Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, China
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Yao X, Zhang K, Bian J, Chen G. Alcohol consumption and risk of subarachnoid hemorrhage: A meta-analysis of 14 observational studies. Biomed Rep 2016; 5:428-436. [PMID: 27699009 PMCID: PMC5038345 DOI: 10.3892/br.2016.743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between alcohol consumption and the risk of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is inconsistent. Thus, meta- and a dose-response analyses are presented with the purpose of assessing their associations. A systematic literature search was performed using Pubmed and Embase electronic databases for pertinent observational studies. Random-effects or fixed-effect models were employed to combine the estimates of the relative risks (RRs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A dose-response pattern was conducted for further analysis. The current meta-analysis includes 14 observational studies reporting data on 483,553 individuals and 2,556 patients. The combined RRs of light alcohol consumption (<15 g/day) and moderate alcohol consumption (15–30 g/day) compared with teetotal individuals were 1.27 (95% CI: 0.95, 1.68) and 1.33 (95% CI: 0.84, 2.09), respectively, which indicated no significant association between light-to-moderate alcohol consumption and SAH. An increased risk of SAH was noted in heavy alcohol consumption (>30 g/day) when compared with no alcohol consumption, as demonstrated by a result of 1.78 (95% CI: 1.46, 2.17). Dose-response analysis showed evidence of a linear association (P=0.0125) between alcohol consumption and SAH. The risk of SAH increased by 12.1% when alcohol consumption was increased by 10 g/day. Therefore, heavy alcohol consumption was found to be associated with an increased risk of SAH. Furthermore, the association between SAH and alcohol consumption has clinical relevance with regard to risk factor modification and the primary and secondary prevention of SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyang Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Jieyong Bian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Suzhou Xiangcheng People's Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215131, P.R. China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
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The Role of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Stroke. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:6906712. [PMID: 27433289 PMCID: PMC4940554 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6906712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is the third commonest cause of death following cardiovascular diseases and cancer. In particular, in recent years, the morbidity and mortality of stroke keep remarkable growing. However, stroke still captures people attention far less than cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Past studies have shown that oxidative stress and inflammation play crucial roles in the progress of cerebral injury induced by stroke. Evidence is accumulating that the dietary supplementation of fish oil exhibits beneficial effects on several diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, metabolic diseases, and cancer. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), the major component of fish oil, have been found against oxidative stress and inflammation in cardiovascular diseases. And the potential of n-3 PUFAs in stroke treatment is attracting more and more attention. In this review, we will review the effects of n-3 PUFAs on stroke and mainly focus on the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of n-3 PUFAs.
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Yin C, Huang GF, Sun XC, Guo Z, Zhang JH. Tozasertib attenuates neuronal apoptosis via DLK/JIP3/MA2K7/JNK pathway in early brain injury after SAH in rats. Neuropharmacology 2016; 108:316-23. [PMID: 27084696 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Since tozasertib is neuroprotective for injured optic nerve, this study is intended to test whether tozasertib reduces early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in a rat model. METHODS Two hundred sixteen (216) male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly subjected to endovascular perforation model of SAH and sham group. SAH grade, neurological score, and brain water content were measured at 24 and 72 h after SAH. Dual leucine zipper kinase (DLK) and its downstream factors, JNK-interacting protein 3 (JIP3), MA2K7, p-JNK/JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase), and apoptosis related proteins cleaved caspase-3 (CC-3), Bim, Bcl-2, and cleaved caspase-9 (CC-9) were analyzed by western blot at 24 h after SAH. Apoptotic cells were detected by terminal deoxynucleotid transferase-deoxyuridine triphosphate (dUTP) nick end labeling (TUNEL). DLK small interfering RNA (siRNA), JIP3 siRNA and MA2K7 siRNA, the JNK, p38MAPK, and MEK inhibitors SP600125, SB203580, and PD98059 were used for intervention. RESULTS Tozasertib reduced neuronal apoptosis, attenuated brain edema and improved neurobehavioral deficits 24 and 72 h after SAH. At 24 h After SAH, DLK/JIP3/MA2K7/p-JNK/CC-3 expressions were elevated markedly and tozasertib reduced DLK, MA2K7/p-JNK/CC-3 expressions but enhanced JIP3 expression. In the presence of tozasertib, DLK/JIP3/MA2K7 siRNA and SP600125, SB203580 and PD98059 deteriorated the neurobehavioral deficits, brain edema and increased the expression of CC-3. SAH potentiated the expression of Bim, CC-9, and CC-3 but reduced Bcl-2, while tozasertib reduced expression of Bim, CC-9, and CC-3 but enhanced Bcl-2. CONCLUSIONS Tozasertib reduced neuronal apoptosis and improved outcome possibly via DLK/JIP3/MA2K7/JNK pathways after SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Yin
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Physiology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital of the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Guang-Fu Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital of the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao-Chuan Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zongduo Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - John H Zhang
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Physiology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
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Munakata A, Naraoka M, Katagai T, Shimamura N, Ohkuma H. Role of Cyclooxygenase-2 in Relation to Nitric Oxide and Endothelin-1 on Pathogenesis of Cerebral Vasospasm After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rabbit. Transl Stroke Res 2016; 7:220-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s12975-016-0466-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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