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Chen G, Li D, Yao P, Chen F, Yuan J, Ma B, Yang Z, Ding B, He N. Metabolic and Transcriptional Analysis Reveals Flavonoid Involvement in the Drought Stress Response of Mulberry Leaves. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7417. [PMID: 39000525 PMCID: PMC11242228 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Abiotic stress, especially drought stress, poses a significant threat to terrestrial plant growth, development, and productivity. Although mulberry has great genetic diversity and extensive stress-tolerant traits in agroforestry systems, only a few reports offer preliminary insight into the biochemical responses of mulberry leaves under drought conditions. In this study, we performed a comparative metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis on the "drooping mulberry" (Morus alba var. pendula Dippel) under PEG-6000-simulated drought stress. Our research revealed that drought stress significantly enhanced flavonoid accumulation and upregulated the expression of phenylpropanoid biosynthetic genes. Furthermore, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were elevated. In vitro enzyme assays and fermentation tests indicated the involvement of flavonol synthase/flavanone 3-hydroxylase (XM_010098126.2) and anthocyanidin 3-O-glucosyltransferase 5 (XM_010101521.2) in the biosynthesis of flavonol aglycones and glycosides, respectively. The recombinant MaF3GT5 protein was found to recognize kaempferol, quercetin, and UDP-glucose as substrates but not 3-/7-O-glucosylated flavonols and UDP-rhamnose. MaF3GT5 is capable of forming 3-O- and 7-O-monoglucoside, but not di-O-glucosides, from kaempferol. This implies its role as a flavonol 3, 7-O-glucosyltransferase. The findings from this study provided insights into the biosynthesis of flavonoids and could have substantial implications for the future diversified utilization of mulberry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Dong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Pei Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Fengyao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jianglian Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Bi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Biyue Ding
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ningjia He
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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Li R, Wang J, Liu J, Li M, Lu J, Zhou J, Zhang M, Ferri N, Chen H. Mulberry leaf and its effects against obesity: A systematic review of phytochemistry, molecular mechanisms and applications. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 128:155528. [PMID: 38555774 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and hyperlipidemia can induce a variety of diseases, and have become major health problems worldwide. How to effectively prevent and control obesity has become one of the hot-spots of contemporary research. Mulberry leaf is the dried leaf of Morus alba L., which is approved by the Ministry of Health as a "homology of medicine and food", rich in diverse active constituents and with a variety of health effects including anti-obesity and anti-hyperlipidemia activities. PURPOSE The review attempts to summarize and provide the molecular basis, mechanism, safety and products for further exploration and application of mulberry leaf on the treatment on the control of weight gain and obesity. METHODS This review is conducted by using ScienceDirect, PubMed, CNKI and Web of Science databases following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). RESULTS Based on the research progress of domestic and foreign scholars, the effective phytochemicals, molecular mechanisms and product applications of mulberry leaf in the prevention and treatment of obesity and related metabolic diseases were summarized. CONCLUSION Mulberry leaf has excellent medicinal and health care value in obesity treatment. However, its pharmacodynamic substance basis and molecular mechanisms need to be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruilin Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Jia Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Junyu Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Mingyue Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Jingyang Lu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Jingna Zhou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Min Zhang
- Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Nicola Ferri
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Via Marzolo, Padua 535131, Italy
| | - Haixia Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China.
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Zheng Q, Feng K, Zhong W, Tan W, Rengaowa S, Hu W. Investigating the Hepatoprotective Properties of Mulberry Leaf Flavonoids against Oxidative Stress in HepG2 Cells. Molecules 2024; 29:2597. [PMID: 38893475 PMCID: PMC11173602 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress significantly contributes to ageing and disease, with antioxidants holding promise in mitigating its effects. Functional foods rich in flavonoids offer a potential strategy to mitigate oxidative damage by free radicals. We investigated the protective effects of mulberry leaf flavonoids (MLF) against H2O2-induced oxidative damage in HepG2 cells. It assessed the inhibitory effect of MLF (62.5-500 μg/mL) on H2O2-induced oxidative damage by analyzing cellular morphology and oxidative stress markers, including ROS production, mitochondrial membrane potential, antioxidant enzyme levels, MDA, and apoptosis-related proteins. The results demonstrated that MLF prevented spiny cell formation triggered by 750 μM H2O2 and significantly reduced ROS levels, restored mitochondrial membrane potential, decreased lactate dehydrogenase and alanine transaminase leakage, and reduced MDA content induced by H2O2. MLF also modulated antioxidant enzymes and attenuated oxidative damage to HepG2 cell DNA, as confirmed by staining techniques. These findings indicate the potential of MLF as a hepatoprotective agent against oxidative damage in HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinhua Zheng
- College of Life Science, Zhuhai College of Science and Technology, Zhuhai 519041, China; (Q.Z.); (W.Z.); (W.T.); (S.R.)
- College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Ke Feng
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao 999078, China;
| | - Wenting Zhong
- College of Life Science, Zhuhai College of Science and Technology, Zhuhai 519041, China; (Q.Z.); (W.Z.); (W.T.); (S.R.)
- College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Weijian Tan
- College of Life Science, Zhuhai College of Science and Technology, Zhuhai 519041, China; (Q.Z.); (W.Z.); (W.T.); (S.R.)
- College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Sa Rengaowa
- College of Life Science, Zhuhai College of Science and Technology, Zhuhai 519041, China; (Q.Z.); (W.Z.); (W.T.); (S.R.)
| | - Wenzhong Hu
- College of Life Science, Zhuhai College of Science and Technology, Zhuhai 519041, China; (Q.Z.); (W.Z.); (W.T.); (S.R.)
- College of Life Science, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
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Wang Y, Ai Q, Gu M, Guan H, Yang W, Zhang M, Mao J, Lin Z, Liu Q, Liu J. Comprehensive overview of different medicinal parts from Morus alba L.: chemical compositions and pharmacological activities. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1364948. [PMID: 38694910 PMCID: PMC11061381 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1364948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Morus alba L., a common traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with a centuries-old medicinal history, owned various medicinal parts like Mori folium, Mori ramulus, Mori cortex and Mori fructus. Different medical parts exhibit distinct modern pharmacological effects. Mori folium exhibited analgesic, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic action and lipid-regulation effects. Mori ramulus owned anti-bacterial, anti-asthmatic and diuretic activities. Mori cortex showed counteraction action of pain, inflammatory, bacterial, and platelet aggregation. Mori fructus could decompose fat, lower blood lipids and prevent vascular sclerosis. The main chemical components in Morus alba L. covered flavonoids, phenolic compounds, alkaloids, and amino acids. This article comprehensively analyzed the recent literature related to chemical components and pharmacological actions of M. alba L., summarizing 198 of ingredients and described the modern activities of different extracts and the bioactive constituents in the four parts from M. alba L. These results fully demonstrated the medicinal value of M. alba L., provided valuable references for further comprehensive development, and layed the foundation for the utilization of M. alba L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Wang
- The Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Qing Ai
- The Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
- School of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Meiling Gu
- The Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
- School of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Hong Guan
- Office of Academic Research, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Wenqin Yang
- Office of Academic Research, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- The Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
- School of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Jialin Mao
- The Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Zhao Lin
- The Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Qi Liu
- The Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Jicheng Liu
- The Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
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Yan CH, Chen FH, Yang YL, Shen LW, Xun XM, Zhang ZA, Zhan YF, You S, Wang J. Biochemical and protein nutritional potential of mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaf: partial substitution improves the nutrition of conventional protein. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:2204-2214. [PMID: 37934077 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the requirements of environmental, cost and economic sustainability, new sources of alternative proteins in the livestock industry are receiving increasing attention. Mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaves are a unique feed resource because of their high protein content and large availability. Therefore, mining sustainable protein suitable for the animal husbandry industry in sericulture resources could achieve a win-win situation. RESULTS The protein content in mulberry leaves is 232.10-386.16 g kg-1 , and the mean value of crude fat content is 43.76 ± 8.48 g kg-1 , which has the advantages of protein content and energy. In addition, the average content of phytic acid in mulberry leaves is only 1.88 ± 0.56 g kg-1 , which means that it is not inhibited in terms of nutrient absorption. Meanwhile, the digestibility of protein was Bean pulp > Sample 8 ≈ Alfalfa ≈ Sample 13 ≈ Cottonseed meal > Fish meal, and the β-turn and particle size of mulberry leaf protein are more conducive to digestion in vitro. Furthermore, the protein of Sample 13 had the richest essential amino acids (252.00 g kg-1 ) and the highest essential amino acid index (EAAI), which was superior to conventional feed protein. In addition, the partial substitution of mulberry leaf protein (15%) significantly increased the EAAI value of conventional feed protein. However, to balance nutrition, it is necessary to combine mulberry leaf protein with other proteins to further broaden its application field. CONCLUSION Mulberry leaves are a new source of feed protein, which helps to alleviate the two major problems of mulberry resource surplus and feed protein resource shortage. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hai Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Fang-Hui Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yu-Lu Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Li-Wei Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiao-Meng Xun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhi-Ang Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yu-Fan Zhan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Shuai You
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, China
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Liu Y, Peng Y, Chen C, Ren H, Zhu J, Deng Y, Cui Q, Hu X, He J, Li H, Zhu X, Yin Y, He J, Xiao Y. Flavonoids from mulberry leaves inhibit fat production and improve fatty acid distribution in adipose tissue in finishing pigs. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2024; 16:147-157. [PMID: 38357574 PMCID: PMC10864206 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of flavonoids from mulberry leaves (FML) on plasma biochemical indices, serum activities of lipid metabolism-related enzymes, fat morphology, fatty acid composition, and lipid metabolism in different adipose tissues of finishing pigs. We used 120 Chinese hybrid barrows of Berkshire and Bama mini-pigs with an average initial body weight of 45.11 ± 4.23 kg. The pigs were randomly assigned to five treatment groups and fed a control diet based on corn, soybean meal, and wheat bran or a control diet supplemented with 0.02%, 0.04%, 0.08%, or 0.16% FML. Each experimental group had six replicates (pens), with four pigs per pen. After a 7-d adaptation period, the feeding trial was conducted for 58 d. Blood and adipose tissue samples were collected from 30 pigs (one pig per pen) at the end of the test. The results showed that FML supplementation significantly decreased the feed intake to body gain ratio, the plasma concentrations of total cholesterol and free fatty acids, and the serum activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (linear or quadratic effects, P < 0.05), and decreased the plasma triglyceride concentration (quadratic, P = 0.07). Increasing FML supplementation increased the average daily gain and serum activities of lipoprotein lipase (linear and quadratic effects, P < 0.05) and adipose triglyceride lipase (linear, P < 0.05). Dietary FML supplementation decreased the adipocyte area in the dorsal subcutaneous adipose (DSA) tissue of finishing pigs (linear, P = 0.05) and increased the adipocyte area in the visceral adipose tissue (quadratic, P < 0.01). Increasing FML supplementation decreased the C20:1 content in DSA, abdominal subcutaneous adipose, and visceral adipose tissues of finishing pigs (P < 0.05) and increased the C18:3n3 and n-3 PUFA contents (P < 0.05). The lipid metabolism genes were regulated by the PPARγ-LXRα-ABCA1 signaling pathway, and their expressions differed in different adipose tissues. These findings suggest that FML improved growth performance, regulated lipid metabolism, inhibited fat production, and improved fatty acid distribution in the adipose tissue of finishing pigs, thereby improving pig fat's nutritional quality and health value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- Hunan Institute of Animal and Veterinary Science, Changsha, 410131, China
- Key Laboratory of Conservation and Genetic Analysis of Local Pig Breed Germplasm Resources, Changsha, 410131, China
| | - Yinglin Peng
- Hunan Institute of Animal and Veterinary Science, Changsha, 410131, China
- Key Laboratory of Conservation and Genetic Analysis of Local Pig Breed Germplasm Resources, Changsha, 410131, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Hunan Institute of Animal and Veterinary Science, Changsha, 410131, China
- Key Laboratory of Conservation and Genetic Analysis of Local Pig Breed Germplasm Resources, Changsha, 410131, China
| | - Huibo Ren
- Hunan Institute of Animal and Veterinary Science, Changsha, 410131, China
- Key Laboratory of Conservation and Genetic Analysis of Local Pig Breed Germplasm Resources, Changsha, 410131, China
| | - Ji Zhu
- Hunan Institute of Animal and Veterinary Science, Changsha, 410131, China
- Key Laboratory of Conservation and Genetic Analysis of Local Pig Breed Germplasm Resources, Changsha, 410131, China
| | - Yuan Deng
- Hunan Institute of Animal and Veterinary Science, Changsha, 410131, China
- Key Laboratory of Conservation and Genetic Analysis of Local Pig Breed Germplasm Resources, Changsha, 410131, China
| | - Qingming Cui
- Hunan Institute of Animal and Veterinary Science, Changsha, 410131, China
- Key Laboratory of Conservation and Genetic Analysis of Local Pig Breed Germplasm Resources, Changsha, 410131, China
| | - Xionggui Hu
- Hunan Institute of Animal and Veterinary Science, Changsha, 410131, China
- Key Laboratory of Conservation and Genetic Analysis of Local Pig Breed Germplasm Resources, Changsha, 410131, China
| | - Jianhua He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Huali Li
- Hunan Institute of Animal and Veterinary Science, Changsha, 410131, China
- Key Laboratory of Conservation and Genetic Analysis of Local Pig Breed Germplasm Resources, Changsha, 410131, China
| | - Xinghui Zhu
- College of Information and Intelligence, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Jun He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Yi Xiao
- College of Information and Intelligence, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
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Chawansuntati K, Hongjaisee S, Sirita K, Kingkaew K, Rattanathammethee K, Kumrapich B, Ounjaijean S, Kongkaew A, Lumjuan N. Effects of quercetin and extracts from Phyllanthus emblica, Morus alba, and Ginkgo biloba on platelet recovery in a rat model of chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25013. [PMID: 38312709 PMCID: PMC10835368 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia (CIT) is a major reason for chemotherapy delays, dose reduction, or even treatment discontinuation, which may impact oncologic outcomes. We investigated the effects of quercetin and extracts of Phyllanthus emblica fruit (PEE), Morus alba leaf (MAE), and Ginkgo biloba leaf (GBE) on platelet recovery in a rat model of chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia. Methods The total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), quercetin content, and antioxidant activities of all the extracts were determined. Sixty male Sprague Dawley rats were categorized into healthy controls and CIT groups. The CIT groups was administered a cyclophosphamide solution, while the control group received a saline solution. Each group was then subdivided into five subgroups of six animals which were administered with PEE, MAE, GBE, quercetin, or a vehicle for 15 days. Results The highest quercetin content was found in PEE, followed by MAE and GBE, which correlated with their antioxidant properties. Administration of these extracts and quercetin did not significantly change the platelet counts in healthy rats. Thrombocytopenic rats treated with PEE, MAE, and GBE also were not associated with significant changes in platelet counts. However, more rapid platelet count recovery was observed in all groups receiving extracts. On day 11, platelet counts in the PEE, MAE, and GBE groups returned to near baseline levels with a mean of 4.29 %, -40.77 %, and -14.24 %, respectively, compared to -71 % in the CIT group. In thrombocytopenic rats treated with quercetin, there was a significant increase in platelet counts on days 9 and 11, with a mean decrease of 5.41 % from baseline on day 11. Conclusion Quercetin improved platelet recovery in the animal model of CIT. This finding merits for further investigation to better elucidate the health benefits of quercetin and quercetin-rich plants and potential pharmacokinetics underpinning their activity in thrombocytopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sayamon Hongjaisee
- Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Kittichai Sirita
- Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Kornkamon Kingkaew
- Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | | | - Benjawan Kumrapich
- Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Sakaewan Ounjaijean
- Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Aphisek Kongkaew
- Research Administration Section, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Nongkran Lumjuan
- Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
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Li W, Hao S, Li H, An Q, Yang L, Guo B, Xue Z, Liu Y, Guo L, Zheng Y, Zhang D. Exploring Antioxidant and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities in Mulberry Leaves ( Morus alba L.) across Growth Stages: A Comprehensive Metabolomic Analysis with Chemometrics. Molecules 2023; 29:171. [PMID: 38202754 PMCID: PMC10780005 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic product accumulation exhibited variations among mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaves (MLs) at distinct growth stages, and this assessment was conducted using a combination of analytical techniques including high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Multivariate analysis was applied to the data, and the findings were correlated with antioxidant activity and α-glucosidase inhibitory effects in vitro. Statistical analyses divided the 27 batches of MLs at different growth stages into three distinct groups. In vitro assays for antioxidant activity and α-glucosidase inhibition revealed that IC50 values were highest at the Y23 stage, which corresponds to the 'Frost Descends' solar term. In summary, the results of this study indicate that MLs at different growth stages throughout the year can be categorized into three primary growth stages using traditional Chinese solar terms as reference points, based on the observed variations in metabolite content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Li
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Innovation Centre of Hebei Province, College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China; (W.L.); (S.H.); (H.L.); (L.Y.); (B.G.); (Z.X.); (L.G.)
| | - Shenghui Hao
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Innovation Centre of Hebei Province, College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China; (W.L.); (S.H.); (H.L.); (L.Y.); (B.G.); (Z.X.); (L.G.)
| | - Hengyang Li
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Innovation Centre of Hebei Province, College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China; (W.L.); (S.H.); (H.L.); (L.Y.); (B.G.); (Z.X.); (L.G.)
| | - Qi An
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica, Hebei Institute for Drug and Medical Device Control, Shijiazhuang 050200, China; (Q.A.); (Y.L.)
| | - Lina Yang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Innovation Centre of Hebei Province, College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China; (W.L.); (S.H.); (H.L.); (L.Y.); (B.G.); (Z.X.); (L.G.)
| | - Bing Guo
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Innovation Centre of Hebei Province, College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China; (W.L.); (S.H.); (H.L.); (L.Y.); (B.G.); (Z.X.); (L.G.)
| | - Zijing Xue
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Innovation Centre of Hebei Province, College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China; (W.L.); (S.H.); (H.L.); (L.Y.); (B.G.); (Z.X.); (L.G.)
| | - Yongli Liu
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica, Hebei Institute for Drug and Medical Device Control, Shijiazhuang 050200, China; (Q.A.); (Y.L.)
| | - Long Guo
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Innovation Centre of Hebei Province, College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China; (W.L.); (S.H.); (H.L.); (L.Y.); (B.G.); (Z.X.); (L.G.)
| | - Yuguang Zheng
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Innovation Centre of Hebei Province, College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China; (W.L.); (S.H.); (H.L.); (L.Y.); (B.G.); (Z.X.); (L.G.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei Chemical and Pharmaceutical College, Shijiazhuang 050026, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Innovation Centre of Hebei Province, College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China; (W.L.); (S.H.); (H.L.); (L.Y.); (B.G.); (Z.X.); (L.G.)
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9
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Zhang Y, Miao R, Ma K, Zhang Y, Fang X, Wei J, Yin R, Zhao J, Tian J. Effects and Mechanistic Role of Mulberry Leaves in Treating Diabetes and its Complications. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2023; 51:1711-1749. [PMID: 37646143 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x23500775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) has become a surge burden worldwide owing to its high prevalence and range of associated complications such as coronary artery disease, blindness, stroke, and renal failure. Accordingly, the treatment and management of DM have become a research hotspot. Mulberry leaves (Morus alba L.) have been used in Traditional Chinese Medicine for a long time, with the first record of its use published in Shennong Bencao Jing (Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica). Mulberry leaves (MLs) are considered highly valuable medicinal food homologs that contain polysaccharides, flavonoids, alkaloids, and other bioactive substances. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that MLs have multiple bioactive effects, including hypolipidemic, hypoglycemic, antioxidation, and anti-inflammatory properties, with the ability to protect islet [Formula: see text]-cells, alleviate insulin resistance, and regulate intestinal flora. However, the pharmacological mechanisms of MLs in DM have not been fully elucidated. In this review, we summarize the botanical characterization, traditional use, chemical constituents, pharmacokinetics, and toxicology of MLs, and highlight the mechanisms involved in treating DM and its complications. This review can provide a valuable reference for the further development and utilization of MLs in the prevention and treatment of DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjiao Zhang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, P. R. China
| | - Runyu Miao
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, P. R. China
- Graduate College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Kaile Ma
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, P. R. China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, P. R. China
| | - Xinyi Fang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, P. R. China
- Graduate College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Jiahua Wei
- Graduate College, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, P. R. China
| | - Ruiyang Yin
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, P. R. China
| | - Jingxue Zhao
- Development Department, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxing Tian
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, P. R. China
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10
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Stężycka O, Frańska M. Comment on the "Response surface methodology optimization and HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS analysis on ultrasonic-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) and their antioxidant activity". Food Chem 2023; 414:135729. [PMID: 36842204 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Stężycka
- Poznań University of Technology, Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznań, Poland
| | - Magdalena Frańska
- Poznań University of Technology, Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznań, Poland.
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11
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Tang C, Bao T, Zhang Q, Qi H, Huang Y, Zhang B, Zhao L, Tong X. Clinical potential and mechanistic insights of mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaves in managing type 2 diabetes mellitus: Focusing on gut microbiota, inflammation, and metabolism. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 306:116143. [PMID: 36632855 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Natural herbs are gradually gaining recognition for their efficacy and safety in preventing diabetes and improving quality of life. Morus alba L. is a plant widely grown in Asia and is a traditional Chinese herb with a long history of use. Furthermore, several parts of Morus alba L. have been found to have significant health benefits. In particular, mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaves (ML) have been shown in human and animal studies to be promising hypoglycemic agents that can reduce or prevent glucolipid metabolism disorders caused by imbalances in the gut microbiota, inflammation, and oxidative stress and have demonstrated significant improvements in glucose metabolism-related markers, effectively lowering blood glucose, and reducing hyperglycemia-induced target organ damage. AIM OF THE STUDY This review briefly summarizes the methods for obtaining ML's bioactive components, elaborates on the clinical potential of the relevant components in managing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and focuses on the therapeutic mechanisms of gut microbiota, inflammation, oxidative stress, and metabolism, to provide more inspiration and directions for future research in the field of traditional natural plants for the management of T2DM and its complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS Research on ML and its bioactive components was mainly performed using electronic databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceNet, to ensure the review's quality. In addition, master's and doctoral theses and ancient documents were consulted. RESULTS In clinical studies, we found that ML could effectively reduce blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance in T2DM patients. Furthermore, many in vitro and in vivo experiments have found that ML is involved in various pathways that regulate glucolipid metabolism and resist diabetes while alleviating liver and kidney damage. CONCLUSIONS As a potential natural anti-diabetic phytomedicine, an in-depth study of ML can provide new ideas and valuable references for applying traditional Chinese medicine to treat T2DM. While continuously exploring its clinical efficacy and therapeutic mechanism, the extraction method should be optimized to improve the efficacy of the bioactive components. in addition, further research on the dose-response relationship of drugs to determine the effective dose range is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Tang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Tingting Bao
- Graduate College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China; Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang' Anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiqi Zhang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Hongyu Qi
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China; Jilin Ginseng Academy, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Changchun, China; Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yishan Huang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang' Anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Boxun Zhang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang' Anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Linhua Zhao
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang' Anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaolin Tong
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China; Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang' Anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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12
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Evaluation of the Chemical Composition of Selected Varieties of L. caerulea var. kamtschatica and L. caerulea var. emphyllocalyx. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062525. [PMID: 36985495 PMCID: PMC10057922 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Lonicera caerulea fruits are a rich source of vitamins, organic acids, and phenolic compounds, which are characterised by their health-promoting properties. The content of bioactive compounds in this fruit may vary depending on the cultivar and the harvest date. The fruits of the L. caerulea var. kamtschatica cultivars ‘Duet’ and ‘Aurora’ and the L. caerulea var. emphyllocalyx cultivars ‘Lori’, ‘Colin’ and ‘Willa’ were used in this study. L. emphyllocalyx fruit, especially the cultivar ‘Willa’, was characterised as having a higher acidity by an average of 29.96% compared to L. kamtschatica. The average ascorbic acid content of the L. kamtschatica fruit was 53.5 mg·100 g−1 f.w., while L. emphyllocalyx fruit had an average content that was 14.14% lower. The antioxidant activity (determined by DPPH, FRAP, and ABTS) varied according to the cultivar and the species of fruit analysed. The total polyphenol content differed significantly depending on the cultivar analysed; fruits of the L. emphyllocalyx cultivar ‘Willa’ were characterised by the lowest content of total polyphenols—416.94 mg GAE·100 g−1 f.w.—while the highest content of total polyphenols—747.85 GAE·100 g−1 f.w.—was found in the fruits of the L. emphyllocalyx cultivar ‘Lori’. Lonicera caerulea fruits contained 26 different phenolic compounds in their compositions, of which the highest content was characterised by cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (average: 347.37 mg·100 g−1). On the basis of this study, it appears that both L. kamtschatica fruits and L. emphyllocalyx fruits, especially of the cultivars ‘Lori’ and ‘Willa’, can be used in food processing.
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13
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Bai H, Jiang S, Liu J, Tian Y, Zheng X, Wang S, Xie Y, Li Y, Jia P. Planting conditions can enhance the bioactivity of mulberry by affecting its composition. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1133062. [PMID: 36959930 PMCID: PMC10028076 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1133062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Mulberry (Morus alba L.) has a special significance in the history of agriculture and economic plant cultivation. Mulberry has strong environmental adaptability, a wide planting range, and abundant output. It is not only an important resource for silkworm breeding but also a raw ingredient for various foods and has great potential for the development of biological resources. The bioactivities of mulberry in different planting areas are not the same, which is an obstacle to the development of mulberry. This study collected information on the planting conditions of mulberry branches in 12 planting areas, such as altitude, temperature difference, and precipitation. A comparison of the levels of 12 constituents of mulberry branches from mulberry grown in different planting areas was then made. An in vitro model was used to study the bioactivities of mulberry branches in the 12 planting areas, and mathematical analysis was used to explain the possible reasons for the differences in the composition and bioactivities of mulberry branches in different planting areas. After studying mulberry samples from 12 planting areas in China, it was found that a small temperature difference could affect the antiapoptotic effect of mulberry branch on microvascular endothelial cells by changing the levels and proportions of rutin, hyperoside, and morusin. Adequate irrigation can promote the antioxidation of the mulberry branch on microvascular endothelial cells by changing the levels and proportions of scopoletin and quercitrin. The results of the analysis of planting conditions and the levels of active constituents and their correlation with bioactivities support the improvement of mulberry planting conditions and have great significance in the rational development of mulberry resources. This is the first time that a mathematical analysis method was used to analyze the effects of planting conditions on mulberry biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixin Bai
- Department of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shanfeng Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jincai Liu
- Department of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ye Tian
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaohui Zheng
- Department of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Siwang Wang
- Department of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yanhua Xie
- Department of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yao Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Pu Jia
- Department of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
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14
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Wani MY, Ganie NA, Wani DM, Wani AW, Dar SQ, Khan AH, A Khan N, Manzar MS, Dehghani MH. The phenolic components extracted from mulberry fruits as bioactive compounds against cancer: A review. Phytother Res 2023; 37:1136-1152. [PMID: 36592613 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In Asia, mulberry has long been used to treat various infectious and internal ailments as a traditional medication. The compounds found in it have the potential to improve human health. Because there is no approved and defined evaluation procedure, it has not been formally or scientifically recognized. As a result of these investigations, a new frontier in traditional Chinese medicine has opened up, with the possibility of modernization, for the interaction between active components of mulberry and their biological activities. These studies have used current biotechnological technologies. For ages, mulberry has been used as an herbal remedy in Asia to cure various diseases and internal disorders. It has a high concentration of bioactive chemicals that benefit human health. The most abundant phenolic components extracted from white mulberry leaves are flavonoids (Kuwanons, Moracinflavans, Moragrols, and Morkotins), phenolic acids, alkaloids, and so forth. Flavonoids, benzofurans, chalcones, and alkaloids have been discovered to have cytotoxic effects on human cancer cell lines. There is growing evidence that mulberry fruits can potentially prevent cancer and other aging-related disorders due to their high concentration of bioactive polyphenolic-rich compounds and macro and micronutrients. Anthocyanins are rapidly absorbed after eating, arriving in the plasmalemma within 15-50 min and entirely removed after 6-8 hr. Due to a lack of an approved and consistent technique for its examination, it has yet to be formally or scientifically recognized. The mulberry plant is commercially grown for silkworm rearing, and less attention is paid to its bioactive molecules, which have a lot of applications in human health. This review paper discusses the phenolic compounds of white mulberry and black mulberry in detail concerning their role in cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Younus Wani
- College of Temperate Sericulture, Mirgund, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shalimar, India
| | - N A Ganie
- College of Temperate Sericulture, Mirgund, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shalimar, India
| | - D M Wani
- Division of Entomology, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shalimar, India
| | - Ab Waheed Wani
- Division of Fruit Science, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shalimar, India
| | - S Q Dar
- Division of Fruit Science, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shalimar, India
| | - Afzal Husain Khan
- Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Jazan University, Jizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadeem A Khan
- Civil Engineering Department, Mewat Engineering College, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammad Saood Manzar
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Hadi Dehghani
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Institute for Environmental Research, Center for Solid Waste Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Islam Z, Islam J, Tony SR, Anjum A, Ferdous R, Roy AK, Hossain S, Salam KA, Nikkon F, Hossain K, Saud ZA. Mulberry leaves juice attenuates arsenic-induced neurobehavioral and hepatic disorders in mice. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:4360-4370. [PMID: 36514774 PMCID: PMC9731539 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenic (As) poisoning has caused an environmental catastrophe in Bangladesh as millions of people are exposed to As-contaminated drinking water. Chronic As-exposure causes depression, memory impairment, and liver injury in experimental animals. This study was carried out to assess the protective effect of mulberry leaves juice (Mul) against As-induced neurobehavioral and hepatic dysfunctions in Swiss albino mice. As-exposed mice spent significantly reduced time in open arms and increased time spent in closed arms in the elevated plus maze (EPM) test, whereas they took significantly longer time to find the hidden platform in the Morris water maze (MWM) test and spent significantly less time in the desired quadrant when compared to the control mice. A significant reduction in serum BChE activity, an indicator of As-induced neurotoxicity-associated behavioral changes, was noted in As-exposed mice compared to control mice. Supplementation of Mul to As-exposed mice significantly increased serum BChE activity, increased the time spent in open arms and reduced time latency to find the hidden platform, and stayed more time in the target quadrant in EPM and MWM tests, respectively, compared to As-exposed-only mice. Also, a significantly reduced activity of BChE, AChE, SOD, and GSH in brain, and elevated ALP, AST, and ALT activities in serum were noted in As-exposed mice when compared to control mice. Mul supplementation significantly restored the activity of these enzymes and also recovered As-induced alterations in hepatic tissue in As-exposed mice. In conclusion, this study suggested that mulberry leaves juice attenuates As-induced neurobehavioral and hepatic dysfunction in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohurul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of RajshahiRajshahiBangladesh
| | - Jahidul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of RajshahiRajshahiBangladesh
| | - Selim Reza Tony
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of RajshahiRajshahiBangladesh
| | - Adiba Anjum
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of RajshahiRajshahiBangladesh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMawlana Bhashani Science and Technology UniversityTangailBangladesh
| | - Rafia Ferdous
- Department of PharmacyUniversity of RajshahiRajshahiBangladesh
| | - Apurba Kumar Roy
- Department of Genetic Engineering & BiotechnologyUniversity of RajshahiRajshahiBangladesh
| | - Shakhawoat Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of RajshahiRajshahiBangladesh
| | - Kazi Abdus Salam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of RajshahiRajshahiBangladesh
| | - Farjana Nikkon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of RajshahiRajshahiBangladesh
| | - Khaled Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of RajshahiRajshahiBangladesh
| | - Zahangir Alam Saud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of RajshahiRajshahiBangladesh
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16
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El-Hela AA, Hegazy MM, Abbass HS, Ahmed AH, Bakr MSA, Elkousy RH, Ibrahim AE, El Deeb S, Sayed OM, Gad ES. Dinebra retroflexa Herbal Phytotherapy: A Simulation Study Based on Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis Retraction Potential in Swiss Albino Rats. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:1719. [PMID: 36556921 PMCID: PMC9782064 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58121719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Fibrotic lung disease is one of the main complications of many medical conditions. Therefore, the use of anti-fibrotic agents may provide a chance to prevent, or at least modify, such complication. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective pulmonary anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory effects of Dinebra retroflexa. Materials and methods: Dinebra retroflexa methanolic extract and its synthesized silver nanoparticles were tested on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Pulmonary fibrosis was induced by intratracheal instillation of bleomycin (5 mg/5 mL/kg-Saline) as a supposed model for induced lung fibrosis. The weed evaluation was performed by intratracheal instillation of Dinebra retroflexa methanolic extract and its silver nanoparticles (35 mg/100 mL/kg-DMSO, single dose). Results: The results showed that both Dinebra retroflexa methanolic extract and its silver nanoparticles had a significant pulmonary fibrosis retraction potential, with Ashcroft scores of three and one, respectively, and degrees of collagen deposition reduction of 33.8 and 46.1%, respectively. High-resolution UHPLC/Q-TOF-MS/MS metabolic profiling and colorimetrically polyphenolic quantification were performed for further confirmation and explanation of the represented effects. Such activity was believed to be due to the tentative identification of twenty-seven flavonoids and one phenolic acid along with a phenolic content of 57.8 mg/gm (gallic acid equivalent) and flavonoid content of 22.5 mg/gm (quercetin equivalent). Conclusion: Dinebra retroflexa may be considered as a promising anti-fibrotic agent for people at high risk of complicated lung fibrosis. The results proved that further clinical trials would be recommended to confirm the proposed findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atef A. El-Hela
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University (Boys), Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Mostafa M. Hegazy
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University (Boys), Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Hatem S. Abbass
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University (Boys), Cairo 11884, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University—Kantara Branch, Ismailia 41636, Egypt
| | - Amal H. Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University (Girls), Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Marwa S. Abu Bakr
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University (Girls), Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Rawah H. Elkousy
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University (Girls), Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Adel Ehab Ibrahim
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, P.O. Box 33, Nizwa 616, Oman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port-Said University, Port-Said 42511, Egypt
| | - Sami El Deeb
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, P.O. Box 33, Nizwa 616, Oman
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universitaet Braunschweig, 38092 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ossama M. Sayed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University—Kantara Branch, Ismailia 41636, Egypt
| | - Enas S. Gad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf 13890, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University—Kantara Branch, Ismailia 41636, Egypt
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17
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Protective Effect of Flavonoids from Mulberry Leaf on AAPH-Induced Oxidative Damage in Sheep Erythrocytes. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27217625. [PMID: 36364452 PMCID: PMC9654144 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the antioxidant activity of flavonoids extracted from Chinese herb mulberry leaves (ML), flavonoids from mulberry leaves (FML) were extracted and purified by using ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic extraction and D101 macroporous resin. Using LC-MS/MS-Liquid Chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry analysis, hesperidin, rutoside, hyperoside, cyanidin-3-o-glucoside, myricitrin, cyanidin, and quercetin were identified, and NMR and UV were consistent with the verification of IR flavonoid characteristics. The antioxidant activity of FML has also been evaluated as well as the protective effect on 2,2 0-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH)-induced oxidative stress. The results showed that FML exhibited powerful antioxidant activity. Moreover, FML showed dose-dependent protection against AAPH-induced sheep erythrocytes’ oxidative hemolysis. In the enzymatic antioxidant system, pretreatment with high FML maintained the balance of SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px; in the non-enzymatic antioxidant system, the content of MDA can be effectively reduced after FML treatment. This study provides a research basis for the development of natural products from mulberry leaves.
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18
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Lv Q, Lin J, Wu X, Pu H, Guan Y, Xiao P, He C, Jiang B. Novel active compounds and the anti-diabetic mechanism of mulberry leaves. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:986931. [PMID: 36278175 PMCID: PMC9581293 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.986931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaves have long been considered beneficial in traditional Chinese medicine to treat infectious and internal diseases. Recently studies have discovered that the mulberry leaf’s total flavonoids (MLF) display excellent hypoglycemia properties. However, the active ingredients and their molecular mechanisms are still uncharacterized. In this study, we explored the hypoglycemic effects of MLF and mulberry leaf polysaccharides (MLP) on ob/ob mice, an animal model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), compared with Ramulus Mori (Sangzhi) alkaloid (RMA). Network pharmacology was employed to identify the potential available targets and active compounds of MLF and RMA against hyperglycemia. Molecular docking, an insulin-resistant cell model and qPCR were employed to verify the antidiabetic activity of the critical compounds and the gene expression profiles of the top molecular targets. Here, the results showed that MLF and MLP improved glucose uptake in insulin-resistant hepatocytes. MLF, MLP and RMA alleviated insulin resistance and glucose intolerance in ob/ob mice. Unlike MLF and MLP, RMA administration did not influence the accumulation of intrahepatic lipids. Network pharmacology analysis revealed that morusin, kuwanon C and morusyunnansin L are the main active compounds of MLF and that they amend insulin resistance and glycemia via the PI3K- Akt signaling pathway, lipid and atherosclerosis pathways, and the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway. Moreover, 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ), fagomine (FA), and N-methyl-1-deoxynojirimycin are the primary active ingredients of RMA and target carbohydrate metabolism and regulate alpha-glucosidase activity to produce a potent anti-diabetic effect. The molecular docking results indicated that morusin, kuwanon C and morusyunnansin L are the critical bioactive compounds of MLF. They had high affinities with the key targets adenosine A1 receptor (ADORA1), AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 (AKT1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), and glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β), which play crucial roles in the MLF-mediated glucose-lowering effect. Additionally, morusin plays a role in amending insulin resistance of hepatocytes by repressing the expression of the ADORA1 and PPARG genes. Our results shed light on the mechanism behind the glucose-lowering effects of MLF, suggesting that morusin, kuwanon C, and morusyunnansin L might be promising drug leads for the management of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyue Lv
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Jinrong Lin
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyan Wu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Huanhuan Pu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yuwen Guan
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Peigen Xiao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Chunnian He
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Baoping Jiang, ; Chunnian He,
| | - Baoping Jiang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Baoping Jiang, ; Chunnian He,
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Ndlovu SS, Ghazi T, Chuturgoon AA. The Potential of Moringa oleifera to Ameliorate HAART-Induced Pathophysiological Complications. Cells 2022; 11:2981. [PMID: 36230942 PMCID: PMC9563018 DOI: 10.3390/cells11192981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) comprises a combination of two or three antiretroviral (ARV) drugs that are administered together in a single tablet. These drugs target different steps within the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) life cycle, providing either a synergistic or additive antiviral effect; this enhances the efficiency in which viral replication is suppressed. HIV cannot be completely eliminated, making HAART a lifetime treatment. With long-term HAART usage, an increasing number of patients experience a broadening array of complications, and this significantly affects their quality of life, despite cautious use. The mechanism through which ARV drugs induce toxicity is associated with metabolic complications such as mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and inflammation. To address this, it is necessary to improve ARV drug formulation without compromising its efficacy; alternatively, safe supplementary medicine may be a suitable solution. The medicinal plant Moringa oleifera (MO) is considered one of the most important sources of novel nutritionally and pharmacologically active compounds that have been shown to prevent and treat various diseases. MO leaves are rich in polyphenols, vitamins, minerals, and tannins; studies have confirmed the therapeutic properties of MO. MO leaves provide powerful antioxidants, scavenge free radicals, promote carbohydrate metabolism, and repair DNA. MO also induces anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, anti-proliferative, and anti-mutagenic effects. Therefore, MO can be a source of affordable and safe supplement therapy for HAART-induced toxicity. This review highlights the potential of MO leaves to protect against HAART-induced toxicity in HIV patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Terisha Ghazi
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa
| | - Anil A. Chuturgoon
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa
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20
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Urbanek Krajnc A, Bakonyi T, Ando I, Kurucz E, Solymosi N, Pongrac P, Berčič RL. The Effect of Feeding with Central European Local Mulberry Genotypes on the Development and Health Status of Silkworms and Quality Parameters of Raw Silk. INSECTS 2022; 13:836. [PMID: 36135536 PMCID: PMC9506520 DOI: 10.3390/insects13090836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Silkworm rearing activities ceased in the 1970's in several European countries. Attempts on the re-establishment of ecological and sustainable sericulture in Slovenia and Hungary are ongoing. The aim of the study was to assess the usability of locally adapted mulberry genotypes for sericulture and to estimate connections between leaf compound and silkworm performance parameters. A controlled feeding experiment of silkworms was performed to test the influence of leaves from selected trees on the growth of larvae, the health and microbiological status of larvae (e.g., gut bacterial microbiome, Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus infection), weight of cocoons and raw silk parameters. The Slovenian and Hungarian mulberry genotypes had significantly higher total protein contents, and lower total phenolic contents and differed significantly in some individual phenolics compared to the reference sericultural and fruit varieties. Significant differences were found in the contents of the macro- and microelements, namely S, Mn, Fe, and Sr. Based on correlative statistics and multivariate analysis, a combined positive influence of proteins, specific phenolics, and microelements on larval growth and silk thread parameters was predicted. The results of the study indicate that selected local Slovenian and Hungarian mulberry varieties are suitable for high-quality silk cocoon and raw silk production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreja Urbanek Krajnc
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Maribor, Pivola 10, 2311 Hoče, Slovenia
| | - Tamas Bakonyi
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, István u. 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Istvan Ando
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 521, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Eva Kurucz
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 521, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Norbert Solymosi
- Centre for Bioinformatics, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, István u. 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Paula Pongrac
- Department of Biology, Chair of Botany and Plant Physiology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Rebeka Lucijana Berčič
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, István u. 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
- Institute for Sericulture, Rebecca Luciana Bercic, Koroška c. 65, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
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21
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Suzuki S, Sakiragaoglu O, Chirila TV. Study of the Antioxidative Effects of Bombyx mori Silk Sericin in Cultures of Murine Retinal Photoreceptor Cells. Molecules 2022; 27:4635. [PMID: 35889503 PMCID: PMC9315601 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The availability of natural substances able to fulfill the role of antioxidants in a physiologic environment is important for the development of therapies against diseases associated with excessive production of reactive oxygen species and ensuing oxidative stress. Antioxidant properties have been reported episodically for sericin, a proteinaceous constituent of the silk thread in the cocoons generated by the larvae of the Lepidoptera order. We investigated the sericin fractions isolated from the cocoons spun by the domesticated (Bombyx mori) silkworm. Three fractions were isolated and evaluated, including two peptidoid fractions, the crude sericin and the purified (dialyzed) sericin, and the non-peptidoid methanolic extract of the crude fraction. When subjected to Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assay, the extract showed much higher antioxidant capacity as compared to the crude or purified sericin fractions. The three fractions were also evaluated in cultures of murine retinal photoreceptor cells (661 W), a cell line that is highly susceptible to oxidants and is crucially involved in the retinopathies primarily caused by oxidative stress. The extract displayed a significant dose-dependent protective effect on the cultured cells exposed to hydrogen peroxide. In identical conditions, the crude sericin showed a certain level of antioxidative activity at a higher concentration, while the purified sericin did not show any activity. We concluded that the non-peptidoid components accompanying sericin were chiefly responsible for the previously reported antioxidant capacity associated with sericin fractions, a conclusion supported by the qualitative detection of flavonoids in the extract but not in the purified sericin fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuko Suzuki
- Queensland Eye Institute, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia; (S.S.); (O.S.)
| | - Onur Sakiragaoglu
- Queensland Eye Institute, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia; (S.S.); (O.S.)
| | - Traian V. Chirila
- Queensland Eye Institute, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia; (S.S.); (O.S.)
- School of Chemistry & Physics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering & Nanotechnology (AIBN), University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, George E. Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania
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22
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Assessment of eight Morus indica cultivars for 1-deoxynojirmycin content, antioxidant and anti-diabetic potential: optimization of ultrasound assisted process for bioactive enriched leaf extract. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-022-01438-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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23
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Liu J, Kong T, Xiong HM. Mulberry-Leaves-Derived Red-Emissive Carbon Dots for Feeding Silkworms to Produce Brightly Fluorescent Silk. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2200152. [PMID: 35229375 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202200152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent silk has promising applications in dazzling textiles, biological engineering, and medical products, but the natural Bombyx mori silk has almost no fluorescence. Here carbon dots (CDs) made from mulberry leaves are reported, which have a strong near-infrared fluorescence with absolute quantum yield of 73% and a full width at half maximum of 20 nm. After feeding with such CDs, silkworms exhibit bright red fluorescence, grow healthily, cocoon normally, and turn to moths finally. The cocoons are pink in daylight and show bright red fluorescence under ultraviolet light. After breaking out of such cocoons, the red-emissive moths can mate and lay fluorescent eggs which would hatch normally. The growth cycle of the second generation of the test silkworm is the same as that of the control group, which means such CDs have excellent biocompatiblility. Dissection and analyses on both the test silkworms and cocoons disclose the metabolic route of the CDs, that is, the fluorescent CDs are absorbed by silkworms from alimentary canals, then transferred to silk glands, and finally to cocoons, while those unabsorbed CDs are excreted with the feces. All experimental results confirm the excellent biocompatibility and fluorescence stability of such CDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Taoyi Kong
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Huan-Ming Xiong
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
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24
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Manzoor MF, Hussain A, Tazeddinova D, Abylgazinova A, Xu B. Assessing the Nutritional-Value-Based Therapeutic Potentials and Non-Destructive Approaches for Mulberry Fruit Assessment: An Overview. COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 2022:6531483. [PMID: 35371246 PMCID: PMC8970939 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6531483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Among different fruits, mulberry is the most highlighted natural gift in its superior nutritional and bioactive composition, indispensable for continuing a healthy life. It also acts as a hepatoprotective immunostimulator and improves vision, anti-microbial, anti-cancer agent, anti-stress activity, atherosclerosis, neuroprotective functions, and anti-obesity action. The mulberry fruits also help reduce neurological disorders and mental illness. The main reason for that is the therapeutic potentials present in the nutritional components of the mulberry fruit. The available methods for assessing mulberry fruits are mainly chromatographic based, which are destructive and possess many limitations. However, recently some non-invasive techniques, including chlorophyll fluorescence, image processing, and hyperspectral imaging, were employed to detect various mulberry fruit attributes. The present review attempts to collect and explore available information regarding the nutritional and medicinal importance of mulberry fruit. Besides, non-destructive methods established for the fruit are also elaborated. This work helps encourage many more research works to dug out more hidden information about the essential nutrition of mulberry that can be helpful to resolve many mental-illness-related issues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abid Hussain
- Department of Agriculture and Food Technology, Karakoram International University, Gilgit, Pakistan
| | - Diana Tazeddinova
- Department of Technology and Catering Organization, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russia
- Higher School of Technologies of Food and Processing Productions, Zhangir Khan West Kazakhstan Agrarian Technical University, Uralsk, Kazakhstan
| | - Aizhan Abylgazinova
- Higher School of Technologies of Food and Processing Productions, Zhangir Khan West Kazakhstan Agrarian Technical University, Uralsk, Kazakhstan
- Scientific-Production Center of Livestock and Veterinary Medicine, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Bin Xu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
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25
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Metabolic Insight into Cold Stress Response in Two Contrasting Maize Lines. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12020282. [PMID: 35207570 PMCID: PMC8875087 DOI: 10.3390/life12020282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays L.) is sensitive to a minor decrease in temperature at early growth stages, resulting in deteriorated growth at later stages. Although there are significant variations in maize germplasm in response to cold stress, the metabolic responses as stress tolerance mechanisms are largely unknown. Therefore, this study aimed at providing insight into the metabolic responses under cold stress at the early growth stages of maize. Two inbred lines, tolerant (B144) and susceptible (Q319), were subjected to cold stress at the seedling stage, and their corresponding metabolic profiles were explored. The study identified differentially accumulated metabolites in both cultivars in response to induced cold stress with nine core conserved cold-responsive metabolites. Guanosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate was detected as a potential biomarker metabolite to differentiate cold tolerant and sensitive maize genotypes. Furthermore, Quercetin-3-O-(2″′-p-coumaroyl)sophoroside-7-O-glucoside, Phloretin, Phloretin-2′-O-glucoside, Naringenin-7-O-Rutinoside, L-Lysine, L-phenylalanine, L-Glutamine, Sinapyl alcohol, and Feruloyltartaric acid were regulated explicitly in B144 and could be important cold-tolerance metabolites. These results increase our understanding of cold-mediated metabolic responses in maize that can be further utilized to enhance cold tolerance in this significant crop.
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26
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Leal CM, Leitão SG, de Mello LLO, Rangel IDC, da Silva CVA, Miranda MD, Tucci AR, de Assis CB, Sacramento CDQ, Fintelman-Rodrigues N, Koolen HHF, Vaz BG, Simas RC, Leitão GG. Bioassay-Guided Fractionation of Siparuna glycycarpa n-Butanol Extract with Inhibitory Activity against Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Virus by Centrifugal Partition Chromatography (CPC). Molecules 2022; 27:399. [PMID: 35056716 PMCID: PMC8781433 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Siparuna glycycarpa occurs in the Amazon region, and some species of this genus are used in Brazilian folk medicine. A recent study showed the inhibitory effect of this species against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus, and in order to acquire active fractions, a polar solvent system n-butanol-methanol-water (9:1:10, v/v) was selected and used for bioassay-guided fractionation of n-butanol extract by centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC). The upper phase was used as stationary phase and the lower phase as mobile (descending mode). Among the collected fractions, the ones coded SGA, SGC, SGD, and SGO showed the highest antiviral inhibition levels (above 74%) at 100 µg·mL-1 after 24 h of infection. The bioactive fractions chemical profiles were investigated by LC-HRMS/MS data in positive and negative ionization modes exploring the Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking (GNPS) platform to build a molecular network. Benzylisoquinoline alkaloids were annotated in the fractions coded SGA, SGC, and SGD collected during elution step. Aporphine alkaloids, O-glycosylated flavonoids, and dihydrochalcones in SGO were acquired with the change of mobile phase from lower aqueous to upper organic. Benzylisoquinolinic and aporphine alkaloids as well as glycosylated flavonoids were annotated in the most bioactive fractions suggesting this group of compounds as responsible for antiviral activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Monteiro Leal
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia Vegetal e Bioprocessos (PBV), Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil;
- Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (L.L.O.d.M.); (I.d.C.R.)
| | - Suzana Guimarães Leitão
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil;
| | - Leonardo Luiz Oliveira de Mello
- Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (L.L.O.d.M.); (I.d.C.R.)
| | - Isabel de Castro Rangel
- Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (L.L.O.d.M.); (I.d.C.R.)
| | - Carlos Vinicius Azevedo da Silva
- Grupo de Pesquisas em Metabolômica e Espectrometria de Massas, Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus 69065-000, Brazil; (C.V.A.d.S.); (H.H.F.K.)
| | - Milene Dias Miranda
- Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios e do Sarampo, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21041-210, Brazil; (M.D.M.); (A.R.T.)
| | - Amanda Resende Tucci
- Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios e do Sarampo, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21041-210, Brazil; (M.D.M.); (A.R.T.)
| | - Camilla Blanco de Assis
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21041-210, Brazil; (C.B.d.A.); (C.d.Q.S.); (N.F.-R.)
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Saúde, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Gestão da Inovação em Doenças Negligenciadas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21041-210, Brazil
| | - Carolina de Queiroz Sacramento
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21041-210, Brazil; (C.B.d.A.); (C.d.Q.S.); (N.F.-R.)
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Saúde, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Gestão da Inovação em Doenças Negligenciadas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21041-210, Brazil
| | - Natalia Fintelman-Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21041-210, Brazil; (C.B.d.A.); (C.d.Q.S.); (N.F.-R.)
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Saúde, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Gestão da Inovação em Doenças Negligenciadas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21041-210, Brazil
| | - Hector Henrique Ferreira Koolen
- Grupo de Pesquisas em Metabolômica e Espectrometria de Massas, Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus 69065-000, Brazil; (C.V.A.d.S.); (H.H.F.K.)
| | - Boniek Gontijo Vaz
- Laboratório de Cromatografia e Espectrometria de Massas (LaCEM), Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil; (B.G.V.); (R.C.S.)
| | - Rosineide Costa Simas
- Laboratório de Cromatografia e Espectrometria de Massas (LaCEM), Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil; (B.G.V.); (R.C.S.)
| | - Gilda Guimarães Leitão
- Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (L.L.O.d.M.); (I.d.C.R.)
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27
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Liu Y, Xiao Y, Xie J, Peng Y, Li F, Chen C, Li Y, Zhang X, He J, Xiao D, Yin Y. Dietary Supplementation With Flavonoids From Mulberry Leaves Improves Growth Performance and Meat Quality, and Alters Lipid Metabolism of Skeletal Muscle in a Chinese Hybrid Pig. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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28
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Ackah M, Shi Y, Wu M, Wang L, Guo P, Guo L, Jin X, Li S, Zhang Q, Qiu C, Lin Q, Zhao W. Metabolomics Response to Drought Stress in Morus alba L. Variety Yu-711. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1636. [PMID: 34451681 PMCID: PMC8400578 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mulberry is an economically significant crop for the sericulture industry worldwide. Stresses such as drought exposure have a significant influence on plant survival. Because metabolome directly reflects plant physiological condition, performing a global metabolomic analysis is one technique to examine this influence. Using a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) technique based on an untargeted metabolomic approach, the effect of drought stress on mulberry Yu-711 metabolic balance was examined. For this objective, Yu-711 leaves were subjected to two weeks of drought stress treatment and control without drought stress. Numerous differentially accumulated metabolic components in response to drought stress treatment were revealed by multivariate and univariate statistical analysis. Drought stress treatment (EG) revealed a more differentiated metabolite response than the control (CK). We found that the levels of total lipids, galactolipids, and phospholipids (PC, PA, PE) were significantly altered, producing 48% of the total differentially expressed metabolites. Fatty acyls components were the most abundant lipids expressed and decreased considerably by 73.6%. On the other hand, the prenol lipids class of lipids increased in drought leaves. Other classes of metabolites, including polyphenols (flavonoids and cinnamic acid), organic acid (amino acids), carbohydrates, benzenoids, and organoheterocyclic, had a dynamic trend in response to the drought stress. However, their levels under drought stress decreased significantly compared to the control. These findings give an overview for the understanding of global plant metabolic changes in defense mechanisms by revealing the mulberry plant metabolic profile through differentially accumulated compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ackah
- School of Biology and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Sibaidu, Zhenjiang 212018, China; (Y.S.); (M.W.); (L.W.); (P.G.); (L.G.); (X.J.); (S.L.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Yisu Shi
- School of Biology and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Sibaidu, Zhenjiang 212018, China; (Y.S.); (M.W.); (L.W.); (P.G.); (L.G.); (X.J.); (S.L.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Mengmeng Wu
- School of Biology and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Sibaidu, Zhenjiang 212018, China; (Y.S.); (M.W.); (L.W.); (P.G.); (L.G.); (X.J.); (S.L.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Biology and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Sibaidu, Zhenjiang 212018, China; (Y.S.); (M.W.); (L.W.); (P.G.); (L.G.); (X.J.); (S.L.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Peng Guo
- School of Biology and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Sibaidu, Zhenjiang 212018, China; (Y.S.); (M.W.); (L.W.); (P.G.); (L.G.); (X.J.); (S.L.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Liangliang Guo
- School of Biology and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Sibaidu, Zhenjiang 212018, China; (Y.S.); (M.W.); (L.W.); (P.G.); (L.G.); (X.J.); (S.L.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Xin Jin
- School of Biology and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Sibaidu, Zhenjiang 212018, China; (Y.S.); (M.W.); (L.W.); (P.G.); (L.G.); (X.J.); (S.L.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Shaocong Li
- School of Biology and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Sibaidu, Zhenjiang 212018, China; (Y.S.); (M.W.); (L.W.); (P.G.); (L.G.); (X.J.); (S.L.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Qiaonan Zhang
- School of Biology and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Sibaidu, Zhenjiang 212018, China; (Y.S.); (M.W.); (L.W.); (P.G.); (L.G.); (X.J.); (S.L.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Changyu Qiu
- Sericulture Research Institute, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530007, China; (C.Q.); (Q.L.)
| | - Qiang Lin
- Sericulture Research Institute, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530007, China; (C.Q.); (Q.L.)
| | - Weiguo Zhao
- School of Biology and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Sibaidu, Zhenjiang 212018, China; (Y.S.); (M.W.); (L.W.); (P.G.); (L.G.); (X.J.); (S.L.); (Q.Z.)
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Hu L, Wang C, Guo X, Chen D, Zhou W, Chen X, Zhang Q. Flavonoid Levels and Antioxidant Capacity of Mulberry Leaves: Effects of Growth Period and Drying Methods. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:684974. [PMID: 34421942 PMCID: PMC8371438 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.684974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, various mulberry leaf dishes have gradually gained in popularity. The harvesting period of mulberry leaves and the preparation of dried samples are critical for the retention of flavonoid content and activity. In this study, changes in flavonoid levels in mulberry leaves during their growth period (3-6 months), and the effects of four different drying methods [sun drying (SD), air drying (AD), oven drying (OD), and freeze drying (FD)] on flavonoid accumulation and antioxidant capacity were determined. The results showed that mulberry leaves grown for 6 months had higher levels of flavonoids, and different drying methods could significantly affect the flavonoid levels and antioxidant capacity of the leaves. Air drying and FD were the best methods in terms of retaining the antioxidant activity of flavonoids, although AD had lower operating costs than FD in the production process. Therefore, to obtain a high flavonoid content and maximum antioxidant activity, AD is recommended for mulberry leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Hu
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering Technology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering Technology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Guo
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering Technology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dekui Chen
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering Technology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Guangdong Research and Development Center of Modern Agriculture (Woody Forage) Industrial Technology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyang Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering Technology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Abdalla MA, Li F, Wenzel-Storjohann A, Sulieman S, Tasdemir D, Mühling KH. Comparative Metabolite Profile, Biological Activity and Overall Quality of Three Lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L., Asteraceae) Cultivars in Response to Sulfur Nutrition. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13050713. [PMID: 34068285 PMCID: PMC8153342 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The main objective of the present study was to assess the effects of sulfur (S) nutrition on plant growth, overall quality, secondary metabolites, and antibacterial and radical scavenging activities of hydroponically grown lettuce cultivars. Three lettuce cultivars, namely, Pazmanea RZ (green butterhead, V1), Hawking RZ (green multi-leaf lettuce, V2), and Barlach RZ (red multi-leaf, V3) were subjected to two S-treatments in the form of magnesium sulfate (+S) or magnesium chloride (-S). Significant differences were observed under -S treatments, especially among V1 and V2 lettuce cultivars. These responses were reflected in the yield, levels of macro- and micro-nutrients, water-soluble sugars, and free inorganic anions. In comparison with the green cultivars (V1 and V2), the red-V3 cultivar revealed a greater acclimation to S starvation, as evidenced by relative higher plant growth. In contrast, the green cultivars showed higher capabilities in production and superior quality attributes under +S condition. As for secondary metabolites, sixteen compounds (e.g., sesquiterpene lactones, caffeoyl derivatives, caffeic acid hexose, 5-caffeoylquinic acid (5-OCQA), quercetin and luteolin glucoside derivatives) were annotated in all three cultivars with the aid of HPLC-DAD-MS-based untargeted metabolomics. Sesquiterpene lactone lactucin and anthocyanin cyanidin 3-O-galactoside were only detected in V1 and V3 cultivars, respectively. Based on the analyses, the V3 cultivar was the most potent radical scavenger, while V1 and V2 cultivars exhibited antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus in response to S provision. Our study emphasizes the critical role of S nutrition in plant growth, acclimation, and nutritional quality. The judicious-S application can be adopted as a promising antimicrobial prototype for medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muna Ali Abdalla
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Kiel University, Hermann-Rodewald-Str. 2, 24118 Kiel, Germany;
- Correspondence: (M.A.A.); (K.H.M.); Tel.: +49-431-880-6471 (M.A.A.); +49-431-880-3189 (K.H.M.)
| | - Fengjie Li
- GEOMAR Centre for Marine Biotechnology (GEOMAR-Biotech), Research Unit Marine Natural Products Chemistry, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Am Kiel-Kanal 44, 24106 Kiel, Germany; (F.L.); (A.W.-S.); (D.T.)
| | - Arlette Wenzel-Storjohann
- GEOMAR Centre for Marine Biotechnology (GEOMAR-Biotech), Research Unit Marine Natural Products Chemistry, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Am Kiel-Kanal 44, 24106 Kiel, Germany; (F.L.); (A.W.-S.); (D.T.)
| | - Saad Sulieman
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Kiel University, Hermann-Rodewald-Str. 2, 24118 Kiel, Germany;
| | - Deniz Tasdemir
- GEOMAR Centre for Marine Biotechnology (GEOMAR-Biotech), Research Unit Marine Natural Products Chemistry, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Am Kiel-Kanal 44, 24106 Kiel, Germany; (F.L.); (A.W.-S.); (D.T.)
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Kiel University, Christian-Albrechts-Platz 4, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Karl H. Mühling
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Kiel University, Hermann-Rodewald-Str. 2, 24118 Kiel, Germany;
- Correspondence: (M.A.A.); (K.H.M.); Tel.: +49-431-880-6471 (M.A.A.); +49-431-880-3189 (K.H.M.)
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Monzón Daza G, Meneses Macías C, Forero AM, Rodríguez J, Aragón M, Jiménez C, Ramos FA, Castellanos L. Identification of α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase Inhibitors and Ligularoside A, a New Triterpenoid Saponin from Passiflora ligularis Juss (Sweet Granadilla) Leaves, by a Nuclear Magnetic Resonance-Based Metabolomic Study. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:2919-2931. [PMID: 33621072 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c07850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The leaves of Passiflora ligularis Juss (known as sweet granadilla for its edible fruits) are a crop byproduct that is discarded. With the aim of contributing to give value-added products from these crop by-side products to farmers of Colombian Andes, we carried out a 1H-NMR-metabolomics analysis of polar extracts from leaves collected in three locations and stored in two conditions in order to identify glucosyl-hydrolase inhibitors. Variations in the metabolic profile and the bioactivity among samples were analyzed by orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis. Thus, 1H-NMR signals related to polyphenolic compounds, saponins, and amino acids were correlated with higher inhibitory activities. Moreover, a targeted NMR and HPLC-MS/MS analysis allowed the identification of 14 polyphenolic compounds and the structural characterization of a new triterpenoid saponin, ligularoside A. The measurements of IC50 values for α-amylase and α-glycosidase inhibitors allowed the identification of quercetin-3-O-β-glucoside, kaempferol-3-O-β-glucoside, and ligularoside A as the most active compounds. These results suggest that P. ligularis leaves are a source of glucosyl-hydrolase inhibitors and lay the foundation for exploring additional applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Monzón Daza
- Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá, Bogotá, Carrera 30# 45-03, Bogotá, D.C. 111321, Colombia
| | - Carolina Meneses Macías
- Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá, Bogotá, Carrera 30# 45-03, Bogotá, D.C. 111321, Colombia
| | - Abel M Forero
- Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá, Bogotá, Carrera 30# 45-03, Bogotá, D.C. 111321, Colombia
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, AE CICA-INIBIC, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña E-15071, Spain
| | - Jaime Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, AE CICA-INIBIC, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña E-15071, Spain
| | - Marcela Aragón
- Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá, Bogotá, Carrera 30# 45-03, Bogotá, D.C. 111321, Colombia
| | - Carlos Jiménez
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, AE CICA-INIBIC, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña E-15071, Spain
| | - Freddy A Ramos
- Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá, Bogotá, Carrera 30# 45-03, Bogotá, D.C. 111321, Colombia
| | - Leonardo Castellanos
- Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá, Bogotá, Carrera 30# 45-03, Bogotá, D.C. 111321, Colombia
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Sosa del Castillo D, Quintero Mesa JJ, Rojas Alvear YJ, Rodríguez M, Rea Suárez RA, Miranda Martínez M. Chemical evaluation and anti-radical activity of varieties of Morus alba l. (morera, moraceae) from Venezuela. BIONATURA 2021. [DOI: 10.21931/rb/2021.06.01.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mulberry (Morus alba L.), known as white mulberry, is a plant widely used in medicine and food due to its chemical composition. The qualitative study of the primary and secondary metabolites of the methanolic extracts of the four varieties of Morera was developed by chromatographic profile (TLC) against standards. Quantification was performed through colorimetric assays. All results were analyzed through statistical analysis. The results indicated the existence of similarities between varieties for both primary and secondary metabolites. The radical capacity of the varieties analyzed was also evaluated by finding that the Táchira variety had the highest anti-radical capacity with an IC50 of 553.58 ± 3.23 µg / mL followed by the Maracay IC50 varieties of 1054.01 ± 1.76 µg / mL, Boconó IC50 of 1398.93 ± 2.23 µg / mL and Yu-62 IC50 of 3817.89 ± 18.08 µg / mL.
It was found that the use of the thin layer chromatography (CCF) technique was efficient to detect the presence of phenolic compounds, soluble carbohydrates, and amino acids in the four varieties studied. The Yu-62 variety had the highest total phenol contents and proteins; the amino acid content was higher for the Táchira variety, while the soluble carbohydrate content was higher in the Boconó variety. The presence of saponins was not detected in any of the four varieties evaluated
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Affiliation(s)
- Daynet Sosa del Castillo
- ESPOL. Polytechnic University, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Centro de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas del Ecuador, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863. Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - José Johnatan Quintero Mesa
- Escuela de Química. Facultad de Ciencias. Universidad Central de Venezuela. Av. Los Ilustres, Ciudad Universitaria. Caracas. Venezuela. +5804129858381. E-mail: . Escuela de Química. Facultad de Ciencias. Universidad Central de Venezuela
| | - Yeifre José Rojas Alvear
- Escuela de Química. Facultad de Ciencias. Universidad Central de Venezuela. Av. Los Ilustres, Ciudad Universitaria. Caracas. Venezuela
| | - María Rodríguez
- Universidad Central de Venezuela. Facultad de Ciencias. Escuela de Química. Av. Los Ilustres, Ciudad Universitaria. Caracas 471022. Venezuela
| | - Ramón Antonio Rea Suárez
- Área de Agricultura y Soberanía Alimentaria. IDEA. Instituto de Estudios Avanzados. Carretera Nacional Hoyo de la Puerta, Valle de Sartenejas, Baruta, Edo. Miranda, Caracas 1015-A, Venezuela
| | - Migdalia Miranda Martínez
- ESPOL Polytechnic University, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Ambientales. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863. Guayaquil, Ecuador
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Response Surface Methodology for Optimization of Process Parameters and Antioxidant Properties of Mulberry ( Morus alba L.) Leaves by Extrusion. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225231. [PMID: 33182637 PMCID: PMC7697072 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaves (MLs), originally used to feed silkworms, have recently been recognized as a food ingredient containing health-beneficial, bioactive compounds. In this study, the extrusion process was applied for the enhancement of the amount of extractable flavonoids from MLs. Extrusion conditions were optimized by water solubility index, total phenolic content, and total flavonoid content (TF) using response surface methodology, and antioxidative stress activities were evaluated in macrophage cells. According to the significance of regression coefficients of TF, the optimal extrusion parameters were set as barrel temperature of 114 °C, moisture feed content of 20%, and screw speed of 232 rpm. Under these conditions, the TF of extruded ML reached to 0.91% and improved by 63% compared with raw ML. Fifteen flavonoids were analyzed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatograph coupled with photodiode array detection and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-PDA-QTOF/MS), and the extrusion resulted in increases in quercetin-3-gentiobioside, quercetin-3,7-di-O-glucoside, kaempferol-3,7-di-O-glucoside, rutin, isoquercitrin, and moragrol C. Besides, regarding antioxidative activity, extruded ML water extract inhibited the production of H2O2-induced reactive oxygen species and attenuated nuclear morphology alterations in macrophage cells. The findings of this study should be useful in food processing design to improve the extractable functional compounds in MLs.
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Hassan FU, Arshad MA, Li M, Rehman MSU, Loor JJ, Huang J. Potential of Mulberry Leaf Biomass and Its Flavonoids to Improve Production and Health in Ruminants: Mechanistic Insights and Prospects. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E2076. [PMID: 33182363 PMCID: PMC7695318 DOI: 10.3390/ani10112076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leaf biomass from the mulberry plant (genus Morus and family Moraceae) is considered a potential resource for livestock feeding. Mulberry leaves (MLs) contain high protein (14.0-34.2%) and metabolizable energy (1130-2240 kcal/kg) with high dry matter (DM) digestibility (75-85%) and palatability. Flavonoid contents of MLs confer unique antioxidant properties and can potentially help alleviate oxidative stress in animals during stressful periods, such as neonatal, weaning, and periparturient periods. In addition, mulberry leaf flavonoids (MLFs) possess antimicrobial properties and can effectively decrease the population of ruminal methanogens and protozoa to reduce enteric methane (CH4) production. Owing to its rich flavonoid content, feeding MLs increases fiber digestion and utilization leading to enhanced milk production in ruminants. Dietary supplementation with MLFs alters ruminal fermentation kinetics by increasing total volatile fatty acids, propionate, and ammonia concentrations. Furthermore, they can substantially increase the population of specific cellulolytic bacteria in the rumen. Owing to their structural homology with steroid hormones, the MLFs can potentially modulate different metabolic pathways particularly those linked with energy homeostasis. This review aims to highlight the potential of ML and its flavonoids to modulate the ruminal microbiome, fermentation, and metabolic status to enhance productive performance and health in ruminants while reducing CH4 emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiz-ul Hassan
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530001, China; (F.H.); (M.L.)
- Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; (M.A.A.); (M.S.R.)
| | - Muhammad Adeel Arshad
- Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; (M.A.A.); (M.S.R.)
| | - Mengwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530001, China; (F.H.); (M.L.)
| | - Muhammad Saif-ur Rehman
- Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; (M.A.A.); (M.S.R.)
| | - Juan J. Loor
- Department of Animal Sciences, Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;
| | - Jiaxiang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530001, China; (F.H.); (M.L.)
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Majumder R, Mandal M. Screening of plant-based natural compounds as a potential COVID-19 main protease inhibitor: an in silico docking and molecular dynamics simulation approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 40:696-711. [PMID: 32897138 PMCID: PMC7544942 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1817787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A new strain of coronavirus (CoV) has been identified as SARS-CoV-2, which is responsible for the recent COVID-19 pandemic. Currently, there is no approved vaccine or drug available to combat the pandemic. COVID-19 main protease (Mpro) is a key CoV enzyme, which plays an important role in triggering viral replication and transcription, turns it into an attractive target. Therefore, we aim to screen natural products library to find out potential COVID-19 Mpro inhibitors. Plant-based natural compounds from Sigma-Aldrich plant profiler chemical library have been screened through virtual molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation to identify potential inhibitors of COVID Mpro. Our virtual molecular docking results have shown that there are twenty-eight natural compounds with a greater binding affinity toward the COVID-19 Mpro inhibition site as compared to the co-crystal native ligand Inhibitor N3 (-7.9 kcal/mol). Also, molecular dynamics simulation results have confirmed that Peonidin 3-O-glucoside, Kaempferol 3-O-β–rutinoside, 4-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-7-methoxy-5-[(6-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy]-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one, Quercetin-3-D-xyloside, and Quercetin 3-O-α-L-arabinopyranoside (selected based on the docking score) possess a significant amount of dynamic properties such as stability, flexibility and binding energy. Our In silco results suggests that all the above mention natural compounds have the potential to be developed as a COVID-19 Mpro inhibitor. But before that, it must go through under the proper preclinical and clinical trials for further scientific validation. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranabir Majumder
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Mahitosh Mandal
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
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Hu Y, Xu J, Chen Q, Liu M, Wang S, Yu H, Zhang Y, Wang T. Regulation effects of total flavonoids in Morus alba L. on hepatic cholesterol disorders in orotic acid induced NAFLD rats. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:257. [PMID: 32807146 PMCID: PMC7433163 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-03052-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mulberry leaves are the dried leaves of Morus alba L., flavonoids from mulberry leaves (MLF) has showed regulatory effect on abnormal lipid metabolism, but the regulatory mechanism of MLF on cholesterol metabolism is still missing. This study was designed to investigate the effect of MLF and its active metabolite quercetin on regulating cholesterol disorders. METHODS The mechanism of MLF on alleviating liver injury and regulating cholesterol was examined in dyslipidemic SD rats. The regulatory mechanism of quercetin for cholesterol disorders have also been detected through lipid laden HepG2 cell model. RESULTS Our results showed that MLF significantly inhibited lipid accumulation and alleviate hepatic injury in NAFLD rat model. The hepatic expression level of SREBP2, HMGCR and miR-33a were significantly down-regulated, while CYP7A1 was induced by MLF treatment. In vitro, Quercetin significantly decreased lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells. Mechanistically, quercetin could inhibit the mRNA and protein expression level of SREBP2 and HMGCR with or without LDL treatment. In addition, quercetin could also reduce the LXRβ while induced SR-BI mRNA expression. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that MLF and quercetin could reduce the excessive cholesterol accumulation in vivo and in vitro. These cholesterol-regulating phenomenon might attribute to its effect on down-regulating the expression of lipid-related markers such as SREBP2 and HMGCR, which may exert a protective role in the NAFLD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucheng Hu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Jingqi Xu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Mengyang Liu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Sijian Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China.
| | - Tao Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China.
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Phenolic constituents and anticancer properties of Morus alba (white mulberry) leaves. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE-JIM 2020; 18:189-195. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2020.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Bujor A, Miron A, Luca SV, Skalicka-Wozniak K, Silion M, Trifan A, Girard C, Demougeot C, Totoson P. Vasorelaxant effects of Crataegus pentagyna: Links with arginase inhibition and phenolic profile. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 252:112559. [PMID: 31935497 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Crataegus leaves, flowers and fruits have been traditionally used to improve blood circulation, numerous preclinical and clinical studies supporting the cardiovascular benefits of Crataegus preparations. In this respect, there is very limited data on Crataegus pentagyna; in addition, the chemical profile of this species is still incompletely elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY The objective of this study was to examine the cardiovascular benefits of Crataegus pentagyna Waldst. et Kit. ex Willd. (small-flowered black hawthorn, Rosaceae) extracts (leaf, flower and fruit ethyl acetate extracts) and the underlying mechanisms. We hypothesized that C. pentagyna extracts might exert vasodilatory effects and inhibit arginase activity due, in large part, to their polyphenolic constituents. MATERIALS AND METHODS C. pentagyna extracts induced-relaxation and the mechanisms involved were studied ex vivo in isolated aortic rings from Sprague-Dawley rats. The inhibitory effects on bovine liver arginase I were assessed by an in vitro assay. Metabolite profiling of C. pentagyna extracts was performed and the most endothelium- and nitric oxide synthase-dependent; flower extract additionally reduced Ca2+ entry and, to a lesser extent, Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. C. pentagyna proved to be an important source of arginase inhibitors with potential benefits in endothelial dysfunction that remains to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Bujor
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115, Iasi, Romania; PEPITE EA 4267, FHU INCREASE, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 19 rue Ambroise Paré, F-25030, Besançon, France.
| | - Anca Miron
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115, Iasi, Romania.
| | - Simon Vlad Luca
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115, Iasi, Romania; Biothermodynamics, TUM School of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Maximus-von-Imhof-Forum 2, 85354, Freising, Germany.
| | - Krystyna Skalicka-Wozniak
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plant Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1, 20-093, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Mihaela Silion
- Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487, Iasi, Romania.
| | - Adriana Trifan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115, Iasi, Romania.
| | - Corine Girard
- PEPITE EA 4267, FHU INCREASE, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 19 rue Ambroise Paré, F-25030, Besançon, France.
| | - Céline Demougeot
- PEPITE EA 4267, FHU INCREASE, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 19 rue Ambroise Paré, F-25030, Besançon, France.
| | - Perle Totoson
- PEPITE EA 4267, FHU INCREASE, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 19 rue Ambroise Paré, F-25030, Besançon, France.
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A Brief Review of Nutraceutical Ingredients in Gastrointestinal Disorders: Evidence and Suggestions. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051822. [PMID: 32155799 PMCID: PMC7084955 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The dietary effect on gut health has long been recognized through the empirical practice of soothing gastric discomfort with certain types of food, and recently the correlation between specific diets with lower incidences of several gastrointestinal diseases has been revealed. Ingredients from those considered beneficial foods have been isolated and studied, and some of them have already been put into the supplement market. In this review, we focus on latest studies of these food-derived ingredients for their proposed preventive and therapeutic roles in gastrointestinal disorders, with the attempt of drawing evidence-based suggestions on consuming these products.
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40
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Li D, Chen G, Ma B, Zhong C, He N. Metabolic Profiling and Transcriptome Analysis of Mulberry Leaves Provide Insights into Flavonoid Biosynthesis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:1494-1504. [PMID: 31917553 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b06931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are widely distributed in mulberry leaves and have been recognized for their beneficial physiological effects on the human health. Here, we analyzed variations in 44 flavonoid compounds among 91 mulberry resources. Metabolic profiling revealed that O-rhamnosylated flavonols and malonylated flavonol glycosides, including rutin and quercetin 3-O-(6″-O-malonylglucoside) (Q3MG), were absent from Morus notabilis and multiple mulberry (Morus alba L.) resources. Transcriptome and phylogenetic analyses of flavonoid-related UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) suggested that the flavonol 3-O-glucoside-O-rhamnosyltransferase (FGRT) KT324624 is a key enzyme involved in rutin synthesis. A recombinant FGRT protein was able to convert kaempferol/quercetin 3-O-glucoside to kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside (K3G6″Rha) and rutin. The recombinant FGRT was able to use 3-O-glucosylated flavonols but not flavonoid aglycones or 7-O-glycosylated flavonoids as substrates. The enzyme preferentially used UDP-rhamnose as the sugar donor, indicating that it was a flavonol 3-O-glucoside: 6″-O-rhamnosyltransferase. This study provided insights into the biosynthesis of rutin in mulberry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology , Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , China
| | - Guo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology , Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , China
| | - Bi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology , Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , China
| | - Chengzhang Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology , Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , China
| | - Ningjia He
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology , Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , China
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Han X, Song C, Feng X, Wang Y, Meng T, Li S, Bai Y, Du B, Sun Q. Isolation and hypoglycemic effects of water extracts from mulberry leaves in Northeast China. Food Funct 2020; 11:3112-3125. [DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00012d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is the main chronic disease that greatly affects human life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Han
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology
- Ministry of Education
- Heilongjiang University
- Harbin 150500
- China
| | - Chunyue Song
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology
- Ministry of Education
- Heilongjiang University
- Harbin 150500
- China
| | - Xiaoxin Feng
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology
- Ministry of Education
- Heilongjiang University
- Harbin 150500
- China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology
- Ministry of Education
- Heilongjiang University
- Harbin 150500
- China
| | - Tingting Meng
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology
- Ministry of Education
- Heilongjiang University
- Harbin 150500
- China
| | - Shichao Li
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology
- Ministry of Education
- Heilongjiang University
- Harbin 150500
- China
| | - Yunlong Bai
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology
- Ministry of Education
- Heilongjiang University
- Harbin 150500
- China
| | | | - Qingshen Sun
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology
- Ministry of Education
- Heilongjiang University
- Harbin 150500
- China
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The Effect of Adding the Leaves and Fruits of Morus alba to Rape Honey on Its Antioxidant Properties, Polyphenolic Profile, and Amylase Activity. Molecules 2019; 25:molecules25010084. [PMID: 31878340 PMCID: PMC6982941 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25010084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Two various species of mulberry (Morus sp.) were selected to enrich rape honey with dried leaves or lyophilized fruits (4% w/v). Finally, fruits and leaves of the ‘Ukraińska’ clone were introduced into the honey during creaming in concentrations from 1 to 4% w/v. The total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, anthocyanins content, and polyphenolic profile were tested in plant extracts and enriched honeys. Moreover, α-glucosidase, β-galactosidase, and diastase activities were investigated in honeys. For mulberry extracts, chlorogenic acid isomers and rutin were considered main antioxidant compounds. The antioxidant activity of honey enriched with mulberry leaves increased even more than 50 times, due to introducing numerous phenolic acids and flavonoid glycosides. A significant decrease in the diastase activity in honey depending on the content of added mulberry leaves (almost 50% decrease in the case of 4% addition) was found, suggesting the inhibitory effect of honey with mulberry leaves against carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes.
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Song L, Zheng J, Zhang L, Yan S, Huang W, He J, Liu P. Phytochemical Profiling and Fingerprint Analysis of Chinese Jujube ( Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) Leaves of 66 Cultivars from Xinjiang Province. Molecules 2019; 24:E4528. [PMID: 31835666 PMCID: PMC6943635 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24244528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Foliage of jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) as a byproduct of agriculture, is a traditional nutraceutical material in China. Previous studies have shown that it is a rich resource of polyphenols. However, information on its complete phenolic profile and the difference between cultivars is still limited. This study investigated and compared phytochemical profiles of leaves of 66 Chinese jujube cultivars. Forty-two compounds, including 22 flavonols, two flavanols, one flavanone, 13 derivatives of phenolic acids, three simple acids, and one unknown hexoside were identified/tentatively identified using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry. Eight major flavonols were quantified by HPLC coupled with an ultraviolet (UV) detector. The contents of total flavonoids ranged from 2.6-25.1 mg/g dry weight (DW). Differences between cultivars were analyzed by hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA). This study presents a systematic study on the phenolic compounds in Chinese jujube leaves of different cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Song
- School of Food Science and Engineering & Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510641, China;
- College of Life Science, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang 843300, China;
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China;
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Life Science, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang 843300, China;
| | - Shijuan Yan
- Agro-Biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China; (S.Y.); (W.H.)
| | - Wenjie Huang
- Agro-Biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China; (S.Y.); (W.H.)
| | - Jun He
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China;
| | - Pengzhan Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering & Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510641, China;
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A Comparative Study on the Phenolic Composition and Biological Activities of Morus alba L. Commercial Samples. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24173082. [PMID: 31450672 PMCID: PMC6749595 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24173082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Morus alba L. (white mulberry) has been commonly used as a functional food and for medicinal purposes. Hence, the aim of the study was to compare the phenolic profile of white mulberry commercial samples in relation to their antioxidant potential and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity. It is of interest to determine whether herbal products originating from different commercial sources differ in their phenolic profiles. For this purpose, a simple and rapid high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was used for the separation and determination of ten major phenolic compounds. Total phenolic (TPC), total flavonoid (TFC), and total phenolic acid contents (TPAC), as well as l(+)-ascorbic acid (ASA) contents, were determined. The antioxidant potential was assessed by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical) scavenging activity and ferric-reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, while the AChE inhibitory activity was determined by the Ellman assay for water extracts. The study revealed that excluding two herbal products containing fruits and a sample containing leaves of white mulberry, yerba mate and lemon, the remaining samples were generally consistent in terms of phenolic composition as well as antioxidant potential and AChE inhibitory activity. This reflects the health-promoting properties of the samples under study. Moreover, the results showed that the water extracts of white mulberry were richer in phenolic compounds and presented higher antioxidant activity than the hydromethanolic extracts. However, the water extracts showed low inhibitory activity against AChE. Moreover, the correlation analysis indicated a high positive relationship between phenolic composition and antioxidant activity in extracts of white mulberry. Overall, the obtained results may be useful in the evaluation of new dietary supplements and food products. The water extracts of white mulberry could be used for antioxidant purposes, while the hydromethanolic extracts could be incorporated in antioxidant formulations.
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Abstract
Mulberry (Morus alba L.) has been used in East Asia (Korea, China, and Japan) as a medicine because of its various pharmacological effects including the excellent antioxidant properties of its fruit. This study analyzed extracts from 12 varieties of Korean mulberry fruit for flavonoids using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-DAD-QTOF/MS). Six quercetin derivatives were identified by mass spectrometry (MS) based on the [quercetin + H]+ ion (m/z 303), while four kaempferol derivatives were identified based on the [kaempferol + H]+ ion (m/z 287). Two new compounds (morkotin A and morkotin C, quercetin derivatives) were identified for the first time in mulberry fruit. The total flavonoid contents of the mulberry fruits ranged from 35.0 ± 2.3 mg/100 g DW in the Baek Ok Wang variety (white mulberry) to 119.9 ± 7.0 mg/100 g DW in the Dae Shim variety. This study has, for the first time, evaluated the flavonoid chromatographic profiles of 12 varieties of Korean mulberry fruits in a following quali-quantitative approach, which will contribute to improved utilization of these fruits as health foods.
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