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Dorrance AE, Vargas A, Navarro-Acevedo K, Wijertatne S, Myers J, Paredes JA. Picarbutrazox Effectiveness Added to a Seed Treatment Mixture for Management of Oomycetes that Impact Soybean in Ohio. PLANT DISEASE 2024; 108:2330-2340. [PMID: 38190367 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-06-23-1223-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
None of the current oomycota fungicides are effective towards all species of Phytophthora, Phytopythium, Globisporangium, and Pythium that affect soybean seed and seedlings in Ohio. Picarbutrazox is a new oomyceticide with a novel mode of action towards oomycete pathogens. Our objectives were to evaluate picarbutrazox to determine (i) baseline sensitivity (EC50) to 189 isolates of 29 species, (ii) the efficacy with a base seed treatment with three cultivars with different levels of resistance in 14 field environments; and (iii) if the rhizosphere microbiome was affected by the addition of the seed treatment on a moderately susceptible cultivar. The mycelial growth of all isolates was inhibited beginning at 0.001 μg, and the EC50 ranged from 0.0013 to 0.0483 μg of active ingredient (a.i.)/ml. The effect of seed treatment was significantly different for plant population and yield in eight of 14 and six of 12 environments, respectively. The addition of picarbutrazox at 1 and 2.5 g of a.i./100 kg seed to the base seed treatment compared to the base alone was associated with higher plant populations and yield in three and one environments, respectively. There was limited impact of the seed treatment mefenoxam 7.5 g of a.i. plus picarbutrazox 1 g of a.i./100 kg seed on the oomycetes detected in the rhizosphere of soybean seedlings collected at the V1 growth stage. Picarbutrazox has efficacy towards a wider range of oomycetes that cause disease on soybean, and this will be another oomyceticide tool to combat early season damping-off in areas where environmental conditions highly favor disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne E Dorrance
- Department of Plant Pathology and CFAES Center for Soybean Research, CFAES Wooster Campus, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691
| | - Amilcar Vargas
- Department of Plant Pathology and CFAES Center for Soybean Research, CFAES Wooster Campus, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691
| | - Krystel Navarro-Acevedo
- Department of Plant Pathology and CFAES Center for Soybean Research, CFAES Wooster Campus, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691
| | - Saranga Wijertatne
- Molecular Cellular Imaging Center, CFAES Wooster, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH
| | - Jonell Myers
- Department of Plant Pathology and CFAES Center for Soybean Research, CFAES Wooster Campus, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691
| | - Juan A Paredes
- Department of Plant Pathology and CFAES Center for Soybean Research, CFAES Wooster Campus, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691
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Giraldo D, Saldarriaga C, García H, López M, González A. Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of resistance to fenhexamid, carboxin, and, prochloraz, in Botrytis cinerea isolates collected from cut roses in Colombia. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1378597. [PMID: 39144215 PMCID: PMC11323744 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1378597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Gray mold, caused by Botrytis sp., is a significant disease in Colombian rose crops and its control depends primarily on the intensive use of chemically synthesized fungicides. Despite the importance of this pathogen, there is limited information in Colombian floriculture about molecular taxonomy of species, fungicide resistance of populations and their genetic mechanism of resistance. In this study, we analyze 12 isolates of this fungus collected from rose-producing crops in the Department of Cundinamarca and conducted phylogenetic analysis using HSP60, G3PDH, and RPB2 gene sequences. Additionally, we realize phenotypic and genotypic characterization of resistance to the fungicides fenhexamid, carboxin, and prochloraz, evaluating the in vitro EC50 and presence of mutations of target genes of each isolate. All isolates were characterized as Botrytis cinerea in the phylogenetic analysis and presents different levels of resistance to each fungicide. These levels are related to mutations in target genes, with predominancy of L195F and L400F in the ERG27 gene to fenhexamid resistance, H272R/Y in the SDHB gene for carboxin resistance, and Y136F in the CYP51 gene for prochloraz resistance. Finally, these mutations were not related to morphological changes. Collectively, this knowledge, presented for the first time to the Colombian floriculture, contribute to a better understanding of the genetic diversity and population of B. cinerea from rose-producing crops in the department of Cundinamarca, and serve as a valuable tool for making informed decisions regarding disease management, future research, and improving crop management and sustainability in the Colombian floriculture industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Giraldo
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Catalina Saldarriaga
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Miguel López
- Laboratorios Diagnofruit Colombia, Cajicá, Colombia
| | - Adriana González
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
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Abbey JA, Alzohairy SA, Neugebauer KA, Hatlen RJ, Miles TD. Fungicide resistance in Botrytis cinerea and identification of Botrytis species associated with blueberry in Michigan. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1425392. [PMID: 39104578 PMCID: PMC11298438 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1425392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Botrytis blossom blight and fruit rot, caused by Botrytis cinerea, is a significant threat to blueberries, potentially resulting in substantial economic losses if not effectively managed. Despite the recommendation of various cultural and chemical practices to control this pathogen, there are widespread reports of fungicide resistance, leading to decreased efficacy. This study aimed to characterize the resistance profile of B. cinerea isolated from blighted blossoms and fruit in 2019, 2020 and 2022 (n = 131, 40, and 37 for the respective years). Eight fungicides (fludioxonil, thiabendazole, pyraclostrobin, boscalid, fluopyram, fenhexamid, iprodione, and cyprodinil) were tested using conidial germination at specific discriminatory doses. Additionally, 86 isolates were phylogenetically characterized using the internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS) and the protein coding genes: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PDH), heat-shock protein 60 (HSP60), and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2). This revealed higher fungicide resistance frequencies in 2020 and 2022 compared to 2019. Over all 3 years, over 80% of the isolates were sensitive to fludioxonil, fluopyram, and fenhexamid. Pyraclostrobin and boscalid showed the lowest sensitivity frequencies (<50%). While multi-fungicide resistance was observed in all the years, none of the isolates demonstrated simultaneous resistance to all tested fungicides. Botrytis cinerea was the most prevalent species among the isolates (74) with intraspecific diversity detected by the genes. Two isolates were found to be closely related to B. fabiopsis, B. galanthina, and B. caroliniana and 10 isolates appeared to be an undescribed species. This study reports the discovery of a potentially new species sympatric with B. cinerea on blueberries in Michigan.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Timothy D. Miles
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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Salmaninezhad F, Mostowfizadeh-Ghalamfarsa R, Cacciola SO. Pythium banihashemianum sp. nov. and Globisporangium izadpanahii sp. nov.: Two New Oomycete Species from Rice Paddies in Iran. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:405. [PMID: 38921391 PMCID: PMC11204656 DOI: 10.3390/jof10060405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
An investigation into oomycete diversity in rice paddies of Fars Province in Iran led to the identification of two new Pythium sensu lato (s.l.) species as Globisporangium izadpanahii sp. nov. and Pythium banihashemianum sp. nov. The identification was based on morphological and physiological features as well as on the phylogenetic analysis of nuclear (ITS and βtub) and mitochondrial (cox1 and cox2) loci using Bayesian inference and Maximum Likelihood. The present paper formally describes these two new species and defines their phylogenetic relationships with other congeneric species. According to multiple gene genealogy analysis, G. izadpanahii sp. nov. was grouped with other species of Globisporangium (formerly, clade G of Pythium s.l.) and was closely related to both G. nagaii and the recently described G. coniferarum. The second species, designated P. banihashemianum sp. nov., was grouped with other species of Pythium sensu stricto (formerly, clade B of Pythium s.l.) and, according to the phylogenetic analysis, shared an ancestor with P. plurisporium. The production of globose hyphal swellings was a major characteristic of G. izadpanahii sp. nov., which did not produce vesicles and zoospores. In pathogenicity tests on rice seedlings, P. banihashemianum sp. nov. isolates were highly pathogenic and caused severe root and crown rot, while G. izadpanahii sp. nov. isolates were not pathogenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Salmaninezhad
- Department of Plant Protection, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz 7144167186, Iran;
| | | | - Santa Olga Cacciola
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
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Tovar-Pedraza JM, Solano-Báez AR, Leyva-Mir SG, Tlapal-Bolaños B, Camacho-Tapia M, García-León E, Ayala-Escobar V, Nava-Díaz C, Quezada-Salinas A, Santiago-Santiago V, Beltrán-Peña H, Hernandez-Hernandez MA, Juárez-Cruz KJ, Márquez-Licona G. The Need and Opportunity to Update the Inventory of Plant Pathogenic Fungi and Oomycetes in Mexico. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:395. [PMID: 38921381 PMCID: PMC11204560 DOI: 10.3390/jof10060395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Mexico generates specific phytosanitary regulations for each product and origin to prevent the entry of quarantine pests and/or delay their spread within the national territory, including fungi and oomycetes. Phytosanitary regulations are established based on available information on the presence or absence of these pathogens in the country; however, the compilation and precise analysis of reports is a challenging task due to many publications lacking scientific rigor in determining the presence of a taxon of phytosanitary interest in the country. This review evaluated various studies reporting the presence of plant pathogenic fungi and oomycetes in Mexico and concluded that some lists of diseases and phytopathogenic organisms lack technical-scientific basis. Thus, it highlights the need and presents an excellent opportunity to establish a National Collection of Fungal Cultures and a National Herbarium for obligate parasites, as well as to generate a National Database of Phytopathogenic Fungi and Oomycetes present in Mexico, supported by the combination of morphological, molecular, epidemiological, pathogenicity, symptom, and micrograph data. If realized, this would have a direct impact on many future applications related to various topics, including quarantines, risk analysis, biodiversity studies, and monitoring of fungicide resistance, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Manuel Tovar-Pedraza
- Laboratorio de Fitopatología, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, Coordinación Culiacán, Culiacán 80110, Sinaloa, Mexico;
| | - Alma Rosa Solano-Báez
- Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Yautepec 62731, Morelos, Mexico; (A.R.S.-B.); (M.A.H.-H.); (K.J.J.-C.)
| | - Santos Gerardo Leyva-Mir
- Departamento de Parasitología Agrícola, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Texcoco 56230, Estado de México, Mexico; (S.G.L.-M.); (B.T.-B.); (M.C.-T.)
| | - Bertha Tlapal-Bolaños
- Departamento de Parasitología Agrícola, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Texcoco 56230, Estado de México, Mexico; (S.G.L.-M.); (B.T.-B.); (M.C.-T.)
| | - Moisés Camacho-Tapia
- Departamento de Parasitología Agrícola, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Texcoco 56230, Estado de México, Mexico; (S.G.L.-M.); (B.T.-B.); (M.C.-T.)
| | - Elizabeth García-León
- Campo Experimental Valle del Fuerte, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Guasave 81110, Sinaloa, Mexico;
| | - Victoria Ayala-Escobar
- Fitopatología, Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo, Texcoco 56230, Estado de México, Mexico; (V.A.-E.); (C.N.-D.)
| | - Cristian Nava-Díaz
- Fitopatología, Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo, Texcoco 56230, Estado de México, Mexico; (V.A.-E.); (C.N.-D.)
| | - Andrés Quezada-Salinas
- Servicio Nacional de Sanidad, Inocuidad y Calidad Agroalimentaria, Tecámac 55740, Estado de México, Mexico;
| | - Víctor Santiago-Santiago
- Departamento de Agronomía, Instituto Tecnológico del Altiplano de Tlaxcala, San Diego Xocoyucán 90122, Tlaxcala, Mexico;
| | - Hugo Beltrán-Peña
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Unidad Los Mochis, Universidad Autónoma de Occidente, Los Mochis 81223, Sinaloa, Mexico;
| | - Maria Alondra Hernandez-Hernandez
- Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Yautepec 62731, Morelos, Mexico; (A.R.S.-B.); (M.A.H.-H.); (K.J.J.-C.)
| | - Karla Jenifer Juárez-Cruz
- Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Yautepec 62731, Morelos, Mexico; (A.R.S.-B.); (M.A.H.-H.); (K.J.J.-C.)
| | - Guillermo Márquez-Licona
- Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Yautepec 62731, Morelos, Mexico; (A.R.S.-B.); (M.A.H.-H.); (K.J.J.-C.)
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Norphanphoun C, Hyde KD. First Report of Colletotrichum fructicola, C. rhizophorae sp. nov. and C. thailandica sp. nov. on Mangrove in Thailand. Pathogens 2023; 12:1436. [PMID: 38133319 PMCID: PMC10747506 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12121436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Colletotrichum, a genus within the phylum Ascomycota (Fungi) and family Glomerellaceae are important plant pathogens globally. In this paper, we detail four Colletotrichum species found in mangrove ecosystems. Two new species, Colletotrichum rhizophorae and C. thailandica, and a new host record for Colletotrichum fructicola were identified in Thailand. Colletotrichum tropicale was collected from Taiwan's mangroves and is a new record for Rhizophora mucronata. These identifications were established through a combination of molecular analysis and morphological characteristics. This expanded dataset for Colletotrichum enhances our understanding of the genetic diversity within this genus and its associations with mangrove ecosystems. The findings outlined herein provide data on our exploration of mangrove pathogens in Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chada Norphanphoun
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand;
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- Mushroom Research Foundation, 128 M.3 Ban Pa Deng T. Pa Pae, A. Mae Taeng, Chiang Mai 50150, Thailand
| | - Kevin D. Hyde
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand;
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- Mushroom Research Foundation, 128 M.3 Ban Pa Deng T. Pa Pae, A. Mae Taeng, Chiang Mai 50150, Thailand
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Pereira DS, Hilário S, Gonçalves MFM, Phillips AJL. Diaporthe Species on Palms: Molecular Re-Assessment and Species Boundaries Delimitation in the D. arecae Species Complex. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2717. [PMID: 38004729 PMCID: PMC10673533 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to cryptic diversification, phenotypic plasticity and host associations, multilocus phylogenetic analyses have become the most important tool in accurately identifying and circumscribing species in the Diaporthe genus. However, the application of the genealogical concordance criterion has often been overlooked, ultimately leading to an exponential increase in novel Diaporthe spp. Due to the large number of species, many lineages remain poorly understood under the so-called species complexes. For this reason, a robust delimitation of the species boundaries in Diaporthe is still an ongoing challenge. Therefore, the present study aimed to resolve the species boundaries of the Diaporthe arecae species complex (DASC) by implementing an integrative taxonomic approach. The Genealogical Phylogenetic Species Recognition (GCPSR) principle revealed incongruences between the individual gene genealogies. Moreover, the Poisson Tree Processes' (PTPs) coalescent-based species delimitation models identified three well-delimited subclades represented by the species D. arecae, D. chiangmaiensis and D. smilacicola. These results evidence that all species previously described in the D. arecae subclade are conspecific, which is coherent with the morphological indistinctiveness observed and the absence of reproductive isolation and barriers to gene flow. Thus, 52 Diaporthe spp. are reduced to synonymy under D. arecae. Recent population expansion and the possibility of incomplete lineage sorting suggested that the D. arecae subclade may be considered as ongoing evolving lineages under active divergence and speciation. Hence, the genetic diversity and intraspecific variability of D. arecae in the context of current global climate change and the role of D. arecae as a pathogen on palm trees and other hosts are also discussed. This study illustrates that species in Diaporthe are highly overestimated, and highlights the relevance of applying an integrative taxonomic approach to accurately circumscribe the species boundaries in the genus Diaporthe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana S. Pereira
- Faculdade de Ciências, Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Sandra Hilário
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Porto, Portugal;
- Faculty of Sciences, Biology Department, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Edifício FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Micael F. M. Gonçalves
- Faculty of Sciences, Biology Department, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Edifício FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, Campus Universitário de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Alan J. L. Phillips
- Faculdade de Ciências, Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal;
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Li Q, Zhu J, Ren N, Li D, Jin Y, Lu W, Lu Q. Characteristics and Pathogenicity of Discula theae-sinensis Isolated from Tea Plant ( Camellia sinensis) and Interaction with Colletotrichum spp. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3427. [PMID: 37836167 PMCID: PMC10574372 DOI: 10.3390/plants12193427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Anthracnose is one of the primary diseases in tea plants that affect tea yield and quality. The geographical distribution, occurrence regularity, and agronomic measures of tea plants with anthracnose have been researched for decades. However, the pathogenic cause of anthracnose in tea plants is diverse in different regions of the world. Identifying the specific pathogenic fungi causing tea anthracnose is an essential control measure to mitigate this disease. In this study, 66 Discula theae-sinensis and 45 Colletotrichum isolates were obtained from three different types of diseased tea leaves. Based on multilocus phylogenetic and morphological analysis, eight known species of Colletotrichum, Colletotrichum fructicola, C. camelliae, C. aenigma, C. siamense, C. henanense, C. karstii, C. tropicicola, and C. gigasporum were identified. This study is the first to report C. tropicicola and C. gigasporum in tea plants in China. Discula theae-sinensis was the most common species in this study and caused disease lesions around wounded areas of tea leaves. The dual trials in vitro indicated Discula theae-sinensis and Colletotrichum were slightly inhibited. Co-inoculating Discula theae-sinensis and C. fructicola was superior to single inoculation at low concentrations. The main cause of anthracnose might be the concerted action of a variety of fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsheng Li
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (Q.L.); (N.R.); (D.L.); (Y.J.)
| | - Junyan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China;
| | - Ning Ren
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (Q.L.); (N.R.); (D.L.); (Y.J.)
| | - Da Li
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (Q.L.); (N.R.); (D.L.); (Y.J.)
| | - Ya Jin
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (Q.L.); (N.R.); (D.L.); (Y.J.)
- College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Wenyuan Lu
- Development Center of Agricultural Science and Technology in Huzhou, Huzhou 313000, China;
| | - Qinhua Lu
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (Q.L.); (N.R.); (D.L.); (Y.J.)
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Cheng CY, Zhang MY, Niu YC, Zhang M, Geng YH, Deng H. Comparison of Fungal Genera Isolated from Cucumber Plants and Rhizosphere Soil by Using Various Cultural Media. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:934. [PMID: 37755042 PMCID: PMC10532442 DOI: 10.3390/jof9090934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant endophytic fungi and rhizosphere soil fungi are often reported as biocontrol agents against plant pathogens or with plant growth promotion potential. Four treatments were performed in field and greenhouse experiments where cucumber plants were inoculated with Trichoderma harzianum and Fusarium oxysporum in 2022. The roots, stems and leaves of cucumber plants and their rhizosphere soil were collected twice individually from the field and greenhouse for isolation of cucumber endophytic and rhizosphere soil fungi. All fungal strains were identified through sequence similarity of the ITS1-5.8s-ITS2 rDNA region. The potato dextrose agar (PDA) media yielded the highest number of genera isolated from cucumber plants, rhizosphere soil and both compared to other media. There were no significant differences among the four media for the isolation of all cucumber endophytic fungi. However, in the roots, the number of endophytic fungi isolated by MRBA was significantly higher than that isolated on malt extract agar (MEA), while in the stems, the number of fungi isolated with PDA was significantly higher than that isolated with Martin's rose bengal agar medium (MRBA). PDA had significantly higher isolation efficiency for the rhizosphere soil fungi than MRBA. The 28 fungal genera had high isolation efficiency, and the endophytic Trichoderma strains were significantly more isolated by MEA than those of MRBA. It is suggested that PDA can be used as a basic medium, and different cultural media can be considered for specific fungal genera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong-Yang Cheng
- Plant Protection College, Henan Agricultural University, No. 95 Wen-Hua Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (C.-Y.C.); (M.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, China; (M.-Y.Z.); (Y.-C.N.)
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Collection and Preservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ming-Yuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, China; (M.-Y.Z.); (Y.-C.N.)
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Collection and Preservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yong-Chun Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, China; (M.-Y.Z.); (Y.-C.N.)
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Collection and Preservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Plant Protection College, Henan Agricultural University, No. 95 Wen-Hua Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (C.-Y.C.); (M.Z.)
| | - Yue-Hua Geng
- Plant Protection College, Henan Agricultural University, No. 95 Wen-Hua Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (C.-Y.C.); (M.Z.)
| | - Hui Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, China; (M.-Y.Z.); (Y.-C.N.)
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Collection and Preservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, China
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10
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Zhang L, Yin YQ, Zhao LL, Xie YQ, Han J, Zhang Y. Two new species of Colletotrichum (Glomerellaceae, Glomerellales) causing walnut anthracnose in Beijing. MycoKeys 2023; 99:131-152. [PMID: 37719302 PMCID: PMC10502704 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.99.106812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Colletotrichum species are plant pathogens, saprobes and endophytes on various plant hosts. It is regarded as one of the 10 most important genera of plant pathogens in the world. Walnut anthracnose is one of the most severe diseases affecting walnut productivity and quality in China. In this study, 162 isolates were obtained from 30 fruits and 65 leaf samples of walnut collected in Beijing, China. Based on morphological characteristics and DNA sequence analyses of the concatenated loci, namely internal transcribed spacer (ITS), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), actin (ACT), chitin synthase 1 (CHS-1) and beta-tubulin (TUB2), these isolates were identified as two novel species of Colletotrichum, i.e. C.juglandicola and C.peakense. Koch's postulates indicated that both C.juglandicola and C.peakense could cause anthracnose in walnut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, ChinaBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yue-Qi Yin
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, ChinaBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Li-Li Zhao
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, ChinaBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yu-Qing Xie
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, ChinaBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jing Han
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, ChinaBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, ChinaBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
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11
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Yin H, Tian M, Peng Y, Qin N, Lü H, Ren L, Zhao X. First Report on Choanephora cucurbitarum Causing Choanephora Rot in Chenopodium Plants and Its Sensitivity to Fungicide. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:881. [PMID: 37754989 PMCID: PMC10532463 DOI: 10.3390/jof9090881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Choanephora rot of Chenopodium plants (CRC) was observed at the flowering stages in seven plantations of Shanxi Province, China. CRC had caused leaf, stem, and panicle neck rot of C. quinoa, panicle neck and stem rot of C. formosanum, and stem rot of C. album. Typical symptoms included water-soaked, rapid soft rotting, and abundant sporulation on the whole panicle necks, stems, and leaves. Based on morphological characteristics, phylogenetic analyses, and pathogenicity tests, the pathogens were identified as Choanephoraceae cucurbitarum. Sporangiola and sporangiospore of C. cucurbitarum germinated at 30 °C and were able to germinate by two h post-inoculation (hpi). The germination rates of sporangiola and sporangiospore significantly increased at 3 to 4 hpi, and the germination rates ranged from 91.53 to 97.67%. The temperature had a significant effect on the pathogenicity of C. cucurbitarum the optimum pathogenic temperatures for stems of C. quinoa, C. formosanum and C. album were 30 °C after one day post-inoculation. Choanephoraceae cucurbitarum could infect white and red quinoa panicle necks between 20 and 30 °C, and the average lesion lengths were 0.21 to 3.62 cm. Among the five tested fungicides (boscalid, dimethomorph, isopyrazam, propiconazole, and tebuconazole), isopyrazam showed higher sensitivity to sporangiola germination of C. cucurbitarum, with an EC50 value of 0.6550 μg/mL. Isopyrazam and tebuconazole strongly inhibited the sporangiospore germination of C. cucurbitarum, which showed EC50 values of 0.4406 and 0.3857 μg/mL. To our knowledge, the present study found for the first time that C. cucurbitarum is a pathogen causing panicle neck of C. formosanum and stem rot of C. formosanum and C. album, while CRC first appeared in the quinoa panicle necks, and gradually expanded to stems and leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiaojun Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China
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12
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Garrido PA, Proaño-Cuenca F, Flor FJF, Benítez EAD, Torres IFS, Kaiser ARK, Sain L, Peñaloza YAM, Marek SM, Melouk H, Daughtrey M, Garzon CD. Identification and Characterization of Pythium, Globisporangium, and Phytopythium Species Present in Floricultural Crops from Long Island, New York. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2023; 113:1335-1346. [PMID: 36510360 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-06-22-0195-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Several Pythium, Globisporangium, and Phytopythium species cause Pythium diseases in greenhouse floricultural crops, resulting in significant seasonal losses. Four hundred and eighteen Pythium, Globisporangium, and Phytopythium isolates from flowering crops, growing media, or bench and floor debris were collected from Long Island greenhouses or clinic samples between 2002 and 2013. Isolates were identified to species based on morphology and internal transcribed spacer barcoding. Twenty-two species of Pythium, Phytopythium, and Globisporangium were identified, with Globisporangium irregulare sensu lato (s.l.) being the most common. To determine the origin of inoculum during the 2011 cropping season, 11 microsatellite loci were analyzed in 124 G. irregulare s.l. isolates collected in four greenhouses and six previously collected from clinic samples. Cluster analyses grouped G. irregulare s.l. isolates into four groups: G. irregulare sensu stricto, plus three G. cryptoirregulare clusters. The population structure defined by greenhouse and host was found in two clades. Additionally, the population dynamics of G. irregulare s.l. isolates associated with Pelargonium spp. from 2011 to 2013 were examined using 85 isolates and nine informative microsatellite loci to assess inoculum survival over multiple cropping seasons. Although most isolates had unique genotypes, closely related genotypes were found in the same locations over different years. Our results indicate that G. irregulare s.l. inocula have local as well as remote origins. Isolates may be initially brought into ornamental operations from common sources, such as infected plant materials or infested potting mixes. Our results support the hypothesis that established strains can serve as inocula and survive in greenhouse facilities over multiple seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A Garrido
- Centro de Investigación de Alimentos, CIAL, Facultad de Ciencias de la Ingeniería e Industrias, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, U.S.A
| | - Fernanda Proaño-Cuenca
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, U.S.A
| | - Francisco J Flores Flor
- Centro de Investigación de Alimentos, CIAL, Facultad de Ciencias de la Ingeniería e Industrias, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, U.S.A
- Microbiology and Environmental Research Team, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas-ESPE, Sangolquí, Ecuador
| | - Edinson A Díaz Benítez
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, U.S.A
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y del Ambiente, Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, Cúcuta, Colombia
| | - Ivanna F Sánchez Torres
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, U.S.A
- Microbiology and Environmental Research Team, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas-ESPE, Sangolquí, Ecuador
| | - Alma R Koch Kaiser
- Microbiology and Environmental Research Team, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas-ESPE, Sangolquí, Ecuador
| | - Linda Sain
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, U.S.A
| | - Yaneth Amparo Muñoz Peñaloza
- Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, Long Island Horticultural Research and Extension Center, Cornell University, Riverhead, NY 11901, U.S.A
| | - Stephen M Marek
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, U.S.A
| | - Hassan Melouk
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, U.S.A
| | - Margery Daughtrey
- Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, Long Island Horticultural Research and Extension Center, Cornell University, Riverhead, NY 11901, U.S.A
| | - Carla D Garzon
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, U.S.A
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, Delaware Valley University, Doylestown, PA 18901, U.S.A
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13
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Tsai I, Thines M. Adding a missing piece to the puzzle of oomycete phylogeny: the placement of Rhipidium interruptum ( Rhipidiaceae). Fungal Syst Evol 2023; 11:95-108. [PMID: 38562587 PMCID: PMC10983831 DOI: 10.3114/fuse.2023.11.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Oomycetes are a group of fungus-like organisms, which phylogenetically comprise early diverging lineages that are mostly holocarpic, and two crown classes, the Peronosporomycetes and Saprolegniomycetes, including many well-investigated pathogens of plants and animals. However, there is a poorly studied group, the Rhipidiales, which placement amongst the crown oomycetes is ambiguous. It accommodates several taxa with a sophisticated vegetative and reproductive cycle, as well as structural organisation, that is arguably the most complex in the oomycete lineage. Despite the remarkable morphological complexity and their notable perseverance in the face of faster-growing saprotrophic oomycetes and fungi, the knowledge on Rhipidiales is limited to date, as the most complex members are not easily cultured, even by targeted approaches. This also leads to inadequate sequence data for the order, which was sourced from only the two least complex out of seven introduced genera, i.e. Sapromyces and Salispina. In the present study, ex-situ baiting was done using various fruit substrates, and naturally-shed twigs or fruits acquired from water bodies were examined. As a result of these efforts, the species Rhipidium interruptum was obtained and gross cultivation was accomplished using poplar (Populus nigra) twigs as substrate, which allowed further documentation of both asexual and sexual reproduction. This enabled phylogenetic and detailed morphological study, as well as an epitypification of the species. Phylogenetic analyses based on cox2 and nrLSU sequences revealed Rhipidium as the sister genus of Sapromyces. The morphological studies done support a conspecificity of R. interruptum and R. continuum, which might in turn be conspecific with R. americanum. Though several further studies will be required to fit the scattered missing pieces of knowledge on Rhipidiales together revealing a more complete picture of oomycete evolution, we hope that the current study can serve as a cornerstone for future investigations in the group. Citation: Tsai I, Thines M (2023). Adding a missing piece to the puzzle of oomycete phylogeny: the placement of Rhipidium interruptum (Rhipidiaceae). Fungal Systematics and Evolution 11: 95-108. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2023.11.08.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Tsai
- Evolutionary Analyses and Biological Archives, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - M. Thines
- Evolutionary Analyses and Biological Archives, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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14
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Li R, Zheng P, Sun X, Dong W, Shen Z, Chen P, Wu D. Genome Sequencing and Analysis Reveal Potential High-Valued Metabolites Synthesized by Lasiodiplodia iranensis DWH-2. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9050522. [PMID: 37233233 DOI: 10.3390/jof9050522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Lasiodiplodia sp. is a typical opportunistic plant pathogen, which can also be classified as an endophytic fungus. In this study, the genome of a jasmonic-acid-producing Lasiodiplodia iranensis DWH-2 was sequenced and analyzed to understand its application value. The results showed that the L. iranensis DWH-2 genome was 43.01 Mb in size with a GC content of 54.82%. A total of 11,224 coding genes were predicted, among which 4776 genes were annotated based on Gene Ontology. Furthermore, the core genes involved in the pathogenicity of the genus Lasiodiplodia were determined for the first time based on pathogen-host interactions. Eight Carbohydrate-Active enzymes (CAZymes) genes related to 1,3-β-glucan synthesis were annotated based on the CAZy database and three relatively complete known biosynthetic gene clusters were identified based on the Antibiotics and Secondary Metabolites Analysis Shell database, which were associated with the synthesis of 1,3,6,8-tetrahydroxynaphthalene, dimethylcoprogen, and (R)-melanin. Moreover, eight genes associated with jasmonic acid synthesis were detected in pathways related to lipid metabolism. These findings fill the gap in the genomic data of high jasmonate-producing strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiying Li
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Ministry of Education, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Pu Zheng
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Ministry of Education, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xingyun Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Ministry of Education, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wenhua Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Ministry of Education, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Ziqiang Shen
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Ministry of Education, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Pengcheng Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Ministry of Education, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Dan Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Ministry of Education, Wuxi 214122, China
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15
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Sun YR, Jayawardena RS, Sun JE, Wang Y. Pestalotioid Species Associated with Medicinal Plants in Southwest China and Thailand. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0398722. [PMID: 36625649 PMCID: PMC9927317 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03987-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, a total of 26 pestalotioid isolates associated with different medicinal plants from southwest China and Thailand were studied. Based on morphological examinations and multigene analyses of three gene loci (ITS, tef1-α, and tub2), these 26 isolates represent 17 species distributed in three genera, including seven new species and eight new records. The concatenated three loci tree was used to infer the occurrence of sexual recombination within each pestalotioid genus through the pairwise homoplasy index (PHI) test implemented in SplitsTree. Further, simplifying the description of pestalotioid species is discussed, and a checklist for pestalotioid species associated with medicinal plants worldwide is provided. IMPORTANCE Pestalotioid species are an important fungal group, occurring commonly as plant pathogens, endophytes, and saprophytes. The study of pestalotioid species associated with medicinal plants is significant for agriculture, industry, and pharmaceutical industry but remains poorly studied. In this study, we report 17 pestalotioid species related to medicinal plants based on morphology and molecular analyses. Our study significantly enriches the species richness of pestalotioids and provides a basis for follow-up studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. R. Sun
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - R. S. Jayawardena
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - J. E. Sun
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Y. Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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16
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Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Gonthier P, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Civera AV, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Migheli Q, Vloutoglou I, Maiorano A, Streissl F, Reignault PL. Pest categorisation of Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae. EFSA J 2023; 21:e07737. [PMID: 36733438 PMCID: PMC9885757 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.7737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The EFSA Plant Health Panel performed a pest categorisation of Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae, a clearly defined fungus of the family Botryosphaeriaceae, which was first described in 2008 as a cryptic species within the L. theobromae complex. The pathogen affects a wide range of woody perennial crops and ornamental plants causing root rot, damping-off, leaf spots, twig blight, cankers, stem-end rot, gummosis, branch dieback and pre- and post-harvest fruit rots. Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae is present in Africa, Asia, North and South America and Oceania and has also been reported from Spain with a restricted distribution. However, there is uncertainty on the status of the pathogen worldwide and in the EU because in the past, when molecular tools (particularly multigene phylogenetic analysis) were not available, the pathogen might have been misidentified as L. theobromae. Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae is not included in Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/2072 and there are no interceptions in the EU. Because of the very wide host range of the pathogen, this pest categorisation focused on those hosts for which there is robust evidence that the pathogen was formally identified by a combination of morphology, pathogenicity and multilocus sequence analysis. Plants for planting, including seeds, fresh fruits and bark and wood of host plants as well as soil and other plant-growing media are the main pathways for the further entry of the pathogen into the EU. Host availability and climate suitability factors occurring in parts of the EU are favourable for the further establishment of the pathogen. In the area of its present distribution, including Spain, the pathogen has a direct impact on cultivated hosts. multilocus measures are available to prevent the further introduction and spread of the pathogen into the EU. Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae satisfies the criteria that are within the remit of EFSA to assess for this species to be regarded as potential Union quarantine pest.
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17
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Mehta T, Meena M, Nagda A. Bioactive compounds of Curvularia species as a source of various biological activities and biotechnological applications. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1069095. [PMID: 36569099 PMCID: PMC9777749 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1069095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many filamentous fungi are known to produce several secondary metabolites or bioactive compounds during their growth and reproduction with sort of various biological activities. Genus Curvularia (Pleosporaceae) is a dematiaceous filamentous fungus that exhibits a facultative pathogenic and endophytic lifestyle. It contains ~213 species among which Curvularia lunata, C. geniculata, C. clavata, C. pallescens, and C. andropogonis are well-known. Among them, C. lunata is a major pathogenic species of various economical important crops especially cereals of tropical regions while other species like C. geniculata is of endophytic nature with numerous bioactive compounds. Curvularia species contain several diverse groups of secondary metabolites including alkaloids, terpenes, polyketides, and quinones. Which possess various biological activities including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-oxidant, and phytotoxicity. Several genes and gene factors are involved to carry and regulate the expression of these activities which are influenced by environmental signals. Some species of Curvularia also show negative impacts on humans and animals. Apart from their negative effects, there are some beneficial implications like production of enzymes of industrial value, bioherbicides, and source of nanoparticles is reported. Many researchers are working on these aspects all over the world but there is no review in literature which provides significant understanding about these all aspects. Thus, this review will provide significant information about secondary metabolic diversity, their biological activities and biotechnological implications of Curvularia species.
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Sapkota S, Burlakoti RR, Lamour K, Lubberts M, Punja ZK. Development and application of multiplex targeted-sequencing approaches to identify Phytophthora species associated with root rot and wilting complex of red raspberry. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275384. [PMID: 36417394 PMCID: PMC9683591 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytophthora species are primary causal agents of raspberry root rot and wilting complex (RRWC), a disease complex that is of major concern to raspberry producers worldwide. Accurate identification of the causal agents is a first step for effective disease management. Advancements in molecular diagnostics can facilitate the detection of multiple pathogen species associated with this disease complex. We developed multiplex targeted-sequencing methods using degenerate primers for heat shock protein 90, elongation factor 1α and β-tubulin genes to identify Phytophthora species causing RRWC. One hundred and twenty-eight isolates recovered during 2018 to 2020 from diverse fields in major raspberry growing areas of British Columbia (BC) were sequenced and identified by comparing with known reference sequences of 142 Phytophthora species, 111 Pythium species, and nine Phytopythium species in the NCBI database. This multiplex targeted-sequencing method was highly specific and identified two species of Phytophthora associated with RRWC. These were P. rubi (85% of isolates) and P. gonapodyides (15% of isolates). Phytophthora rubi was predominantly isolated from the cultivars 'Chemainus' (51%), 'Rudi' (27%) and 'Meeker' (15%), whereas P. gonapodyides was predominately isolated from the moderately resistant cultivar 'Cascade Bounty'. Pathogenicity studies on intact plants and detached leaves confirmed that P. rubi and P. gonapodyides can cause symptoms of RRWC on raspberry, thus fulfilling Koch's postulates. To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. gonapodyides as a causal agent of RRWC on raspberry in BC. This study provides novel insights into the identification and species composition of Phytophthora associated with RRWC in raspberry production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjib Sapkota
- Science and Technology Branch, Agassiz Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Agassiz, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Rishi R. Burlakoti
- Science and Technology Branch, Agassiz Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Agassiz, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kurt Lamour
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Mark Lubberts
- Science and Technology Branch, Summerland Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Summerland, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Zamir K. Punja
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
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Zheng L, Meng H, Liu YT, Chen L, Fengbo L, Wan ZB, Zhang Y. Root Rot Disease of Torreya grandis Caused by Fusarium fujikuroi in China. PLANT DISEASE 2022; 107:1635. [PMID: 36372765 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-03-22-0710-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Torreya grandis is an evergreen plant endemic of China and widely grown in Southern China. Its fruit is a precious nut in China, rich in vitamins and minerals, can be directly eaten, can also be used as medicinal plants with functions of lowering blood lipids and softening blood vessels (Wang 2022). From 2018 to 2020, typical root rot symptoms of Torreya grandis was found in plantations in Huangshan and surrounding areas of Huangshan, Anhui province, China. About 15 to 32% of root rot disease incidence was recorded at the plantation. Diseased plants were observed with symptoms such as yellow to brownish leaves without lesions and later drying, and rotten roots looked dark brown while the roots of heathy plants showed white, and eventually leading to the death of the diseased plant. The root rot symptomatic plants were collected in June of 2020. Tissues were cut to the length of 0.3 to 0.5 cm, then surface sterilized by 2% sodium hypochlorite for 2 min and 75% alcohol for 1 min, rinsed three times in sterile distilled water, and placed on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and incubated at 25℃ for 5 to 9 days. Eight isolates with similar morphology were isolated from single spores. On PDA, the isolates produced abundant aerial white mycelia with septation and turned violet to dark pink on the reverse side of the culture. Morphological characteristic was determined using a pure culture grown on synthetic low nutrient agar (SNA). Two types of conidia, microconidia and macroconidia, were observed on SNA. Macroconidia were long and slender, usually 3 to 5 septate, measuring 2.7 to 4.3 × 22.3 to 49.6 μm (n=30), and narrowed at the both ends. Microconidia were abundant, oval, clavate or ovate, zero to one septate and measured 1.6 to 3.9 × 4.4 to 13.0 μm (n=50). According to the culture and conidial characteristics, the isolates were tentatively identified as Fusarium species (Leslie and Summerell 2006). Four isolates were random selected for molecular identification. The general primers ITS1/ITS4 for internal transcribed spacer (ITS) (White et al. 1990), EF1/EF2 for translation elongation factor (TEF1) (O'Donnell et al. 1998), 5F2/7cR for the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase Ⅱ(RPB2) (O'Donnell et al., 2007), H3-1a/H3-1b for Histone H3 (Jacobs et al., 2010), F5/R8 for subunits 1 of DNA-directed RNA polymerase Ⅱ (RPB1) (O'Donnell et al. 2010) and MS3F/MS3R for mitochondrial small subunit (mtSSU) (Stenglein et al. 2010) were amplified, respectively. The products were sequenced and deposited in GenBank with accession numbers of MW350689, MW029444, ON077156, ON077158, ON077157, ON054432, respectively. Blast analysis showed 99.40 to 100% sequence homology with known F. fujikuroi isolates. A phylogenetic analysis based on the concatenated sequences clustered from the combined datasets (TEF1, RPB2, Histone H3, RPB1 and mtSSU) revealed the isolate most closely related to the F. fujikuroi (100% bootstrap). Fifteen 2-year-old healthy plants of Torreya grandis were selected for the pathogenicity test. A conidial suspension (1×106 conidia/ml) was prepared by collecting spores from 10-day-old cultures on PDA. The root of each plants inoculated with 200 ml of a 106 conidia/ml suspension, and the five control plants inoculated with sterilized water. The plants were incubated in green house with 25℃ (14 h light)/22℃ (10 h dark) at 85% humidity. Two weeks later, 100% of artificially inoculated plants showed the same symptoms similar to those observed in the plantation, like yellow leaves, dark brown and rotten roots, meanwhile, the roots of control plants displayed healthy. From symptomatic roots, the pathogen was reisolated which satisfying Koch's postulates. F. fujikuroi causes root rot of soybean and Reineckia carnea (Detranaltes et al. 2021, Sun et al. 2018).To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of F. fujikuroi causing root rot of Torreya grandis in China.
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Malvestiti MC, Steentjes MBF, Beenen HG, Boeren S, van Kan JAL, Shi-Kunne X. Analysis of plant cell death-inducing proteins of the necrotrophic fungal pathogens Botrytis squamosa and Botrytis elliptica. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:993325. [PMID: 36304392 PMCID: PMC9593002 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.993325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Fungal plant pathogens secrete proteins that manipulate the host in order to facilitate colonization. Necrotrophs have evolved specialized proteins that actively induce plant cell death by co-opting the programmed cell death machinery of the host. Besides the broad host range pathogen Botrytis cinerea, most other species within the genus Botrytis are restricted to a single host species or a group of closely related hosts. Here, we focused on Botrytis squamosa and B. elliptica, host specific pathogens of onion (Allium cepa) and lily (Lilium spp.), respectively. Despite their occurrence on different hosts, the two fungal species are each other's closest relatives. Therefore, we hypothesize that they share a considerable number of proteins to induce cell death on their respective hosts. In this study, we first confirmed the host-specificity of B. squamosa and B. elliptica. Then we sequenced and assembled high quality genomes. The alignment of these two genomes revealed a high level of synteny with few balanced structural chromosomal arrangements. To assess the cell death-inducing capacity of their secreted proteins, we produced culture filtrates of B. squamosa and B. elliptica that induced cell death responses upon infiltration in host leaves. Protein composition of the culture filtrate was analysed by mass spectrometry, and we identified orthologous proteins that were present in both samples. Subsequently, the expression of the corresponding genes during host infection was compared. RNAseq analysis showed that the majority of the orthogroups of the two sister species display similar expression patterns during infection of their respective host. The analysis of cell death-inducing proteins of B. squamosa and B. elliptica provides insights in the mechanisms used by these two Botrytis species to infect their respective hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Henriek G. Beenen
- Wageningen University, Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Sjef Boeren
- Wageningen University, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Jan A. L. van Kan
- Wageningen University, Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Xiaoqian Shi-Kunne
- Wageningen University, Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen, Netherlands
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Uwiera RRE, Vijayasekaran S, Wallace AM, Reese DJ, Walsh AL, Uwiera TC, Vaughan-Higgins R, Vitali SD. Fungal Rhinosinusitis Caused by a Curvularia sp. Infection in a Female Sumatran Orangutan: A Case Report. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11101166. [PMID: 36297223 PMCID: PMC9612030 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11101166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycotic nasal cavity and paranasal sinus infections in non-human primates (NHPs) are relatively uncommon diseases of the upper respiratory tract. This case study describes the clinical and pathological features as well as the diagnostic techniques and interventions applied to treat the associated disease. A 23-year-old primiparous female Sumatran orangutan residing at Perth Zoo in Western Australia developed intermittent episodes of right-sided epistaxis. An ulcerative nasal mass was identified from a diagnostic endoscopy. The mass was initially biopsied and showed the morphological characteristics of a dematiaceous fungal organism upon a histological examination. There were prominent mucosal and submucosal granulomatous infiltrates containing histocytes, giant cells, and lymphocytes admixed with fewer numbers of neutrophils and eosinophils surrounding the fungal organism. The organism was identified as Curvularia sp. by the fungal characteristics associated with the histopathology, culture growth, and PCR analysis. The mass was subsequently removed with endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) and the orangutan was medically treated with itraconazole for several months. The recovery was uneventful and the orangutan returned to full health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard R. E. Uwiera
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
- Correspondence: (R.R.E.U.); (R.V.-H.); (S.D.V.)
| | - Shyan Vijayasekaran
- Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | | | - David J. Reese
- VetCT Consultants in Telemedicine Pty. Ltd., Fremantle, WA 6160, Australia
| | - Audra L. Walsh
- Vetpath Laboratory Services, Jandakot, WA 6164, Australia
| | - Trina C. Uwiera
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | | | - Simone D. Vitali
- Wildlife Health Australia Inc., Mosman, NSW 2088, Australia
- Correspondence: (R.R.E.U.); (R.V.-H.); (S.D.V.)
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Lin F, Li W, McCoy AG, Wang K, Jacobs J, Zhang N, Huo X, Wani SH, Gu C, Chilvers MI, Wang D. Identification and characterization of pleiotropic and epistatic QDRL conferring partial resistance to Pythium irregulare and P. sylvaticum in soybean. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2022; 135:3571-3582. [PMID: 36087141 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-022-04201-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pleiotropic and epistatic quantitative disease resistance loci (QDRL) were identified for soybean partial resistance to different isolates of Pythium irregulare and Pythium sylvaticum. Pythium root rot is an important seedling disease of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], a crop grown worldwide for protein and oil content. Pythium irregulare and P. sylvaticum are two of the most prevalent and aggressive Pythium species in soybean producing regions in the North Central U.S. Few studies have been conducted to identify soybean resistance for management against these two pathogens. In this study, a mapping population (derived from E13390 x E13901) with 228 F4:5 recombinant inbred lines were screened against P. irregulare isolate MISO 11-6 and P. sylvaticum isolate C-MISO2-2-30 for QDRL mapping. Correlation analysis indicated significant positive correlations between soybean responses to the two pathogens, and a pleiotropic QDRL (qPirr16.1) was identified. Further investigation found that the qPirr16.1 imparts dominant resistance against P. irregulare, but recessive resistance against P. sylvaticum. In addition, two QDRL, qPsyl15.1, and qPsyl18.1 were identified for partial resistance to P. sylvaticum. Further analysis revealed epistatic interactions between qPirr16.1 and qPsyl15.1 for RRW and DRX, whereas qPsyl18.1 contributed resistance to RSE. Marker-assisted resistance spectrum analysis using F6:7 progeny lines verified the resistance of qPirr16.1 against four additional P. irregulare isolates. Intriguingly, although the epistatic interaction of qPirr16.1 and qPsyl15.1 can be confirmed using two additional isolates of P. sylvaticum, the interaction appears to be suppressed for the other two P. sylvaticum isolates. An 'epistatic gene-for-gene' model was proposed to explain the isolate-specific epistatic interactions. The integration of the QDRL into elite soybean lines containing all the desirable alleles has been initiated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Lin
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, 1066 Bogue Street, Rm. A384-E, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1325, USA
| | - Wenlong Li
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, 1066 Bogue Street, Rm. A384-E, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1325, USA
- North China Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Lekai South Street 2596, Baoding, 071001, Hebei Province, China
| | - Austin G McCoy
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, 1066 Bogue Street, Rm. A384-E, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1325, USA
| | - Kelly Wang
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, 1066 Bogue Street, Rm. A384-E, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1325, USA
| | - Janette Jacobs
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, 1066 Bogue Street, Rm. A384-E, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1325, USA
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, 1066 Bogue Street, Rm. A384-E, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1325, USA
| | - Xiaobo Huo
- North China Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Lekai South Street 2596, Baoding, 071001, Hebei Province, China
| | - Shabir H Wani
- Mountain Research Centre for Field Crops, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Khudwani, Anantnag, 192101, J&K, India
| | - Cuihua Gu
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, 1066 Bogue Street, Rm. A384-E, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1325, USA
| | - Martin I Chilvers
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, 1066 Bogue Street, Rm. A384-E, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1325, USA
| | - Dechun Wang
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, 1066 Bogue Street, Rm. A384-E, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1325, USA.
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Chaisiri C, Liu X, Lin Y, Luo C. Diaporthe citri: A Fungal Pathogen Causing Melanose Disease. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1600. [PMID: 35736750 PMCID: PMC9227384 DOI: 10.3390/plants11121600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Citrus melanose is a fungal disease caused by Diaporthe citri F.A. Wolf. It is found in various citrus-growing locations across the world. The host range of D. citri is limited to plants of the Citrus genus. The most economically important hosts are Citrus reticulata (mandarin), C. sinensis (sweet orange), C. grandis or C. maxima (pumelo), and C. paradisi (grapefruit). In the life cycle of D. citri throughout the citrus growing season, pycnidia can be seen in abundance on dead branches, especially after rain, with conidia appearing as slimy masses discharged from the dead twigs. Raindrops can transmit conidia to leaves, twigs, and fruits, resulting in disease dispersion throughout small distances. Persistent rains and warm climatic conditions generally favor disease onset and development. The melanose disease causes a decline in fruit quality, which lowers the value of fruits during marketing and exportation. High rainfall areas should avoid planting susceptible varieties. In this article, information about the disease symptoms, history, geographic distribution, epidemiology, impact, and integrated management practices, as well as the pathogen morphology and identification, was reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chingchai Chaisiri
- Key Lab of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China; (C.C.); (X.L.)
- Hubei Key Lab of Plant Pathology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiangyu Liu
- Key Lab of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China; (C.C.); (X.L.)
- Hubei Key Lab of Plant Pathology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yang Lin
- Hubei Key Lab of Plant Pathology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chaoxi Luo
- Key Lab of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China; (C.C.); (X.L.)
- Hubei Key Lab of Plant Pathology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Callaghan SE, Burgess LW, Ades P, Tesoriero LA, Taylor PWJ. Diversity and Pathogenicity of Pythium Species Associated with Reduced Yields of Processing Tomatoes ( Solanum lycopersicum) in Victoria, Australia. PLANT DISEASE 2022; 106:1645-1652. [PMID: 35499158 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-08-21-1614-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Yield decline associated with poor crop establishment, stunting, wilting, and diminished root systems was reported in processing tomato crops in Victoria, Australia. During surveys between 2016 and 2018 Pythium species were isolated by soil baiting and by culturing from the diseased roots and collars of plants exhibiting these symptoms. Eleven species of Pythium were identified based on cultural characteristics and phylogenetic analysis with ITS, Cox-1, and Cox-2 gene sequences. None of the 11 Pythium species had been reported previously from processing or fresh tomatoes in Australia. Pythium dissotocum was the most abundant and widespread species isolated during surveys in each of two growing seasons. In pathogenicity tests, these Pythium species ranged from nonpathogenic to highly aggressive. P. aphanidermatum, P. ultimum, and P. irregulare were consistently the most aggressive species, causing serious damage or death at the pregermination, postgermination, and later stages of plant growth. Five processing tomato cultivars varied significantly in their susceptibility to Pythium disease. These results suggest that Pythium species could be contributing to yield loss in processing tomatoes in Victoria both in the crop establishment phase and through the season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Eleanor Callaghan
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Lester William Burgess
- Institute of Agriculture, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Peter Ades
- Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Len Anthony Tesoriero
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, CCPIC, Ourimbah, New South Wales 2258, Australia
| | - Paul William James Taylor
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Weiland JE. First Report of Macrophomina phaseolina Causing Charcoal Root Rot of Hebe ( Veronica cupressoides, V. ochracea, and V. pinguifolia) in Oregon, U.S.A. PLANT DISEASE 2022; 106:PDIS09212036PDN. [PMID: 34978881 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-09-21-2036-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
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Nguyen HDT, Dodge A, Dadej K, Rintoul TL, Ponomareva E, Martin FN, de Cock AWAM, Lévesque CA, Redhead SA, Spies CFJ. Whole genome sequencing and phylogenomic analysis show support for the splitting of genus Pythium. Mycologia 2022; 114:501-515. [PMID: 35522547 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2022.2045116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The genus Pythium (nom. cons.) sensu lato (s.l.) is composed of many important species of plant pathogens. Early molecular phylogenetic studies suggested paraphyly of Pythium, which led to a formal proposal by Uzuhashi and colleagues in 2010 to split the genus into Pythium sensu stricto (s.s.), Elongisporangium, Globisporangium, Ovatisporangium (= Phytopythium), and Pilasporangium using morphological characters and phylogenies of the mt cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 (cox2) and D1-D2 domains of nuc 28S rDNA. Although the split was fairly justified by the delineating morphological characters, there were weaknesses in the molecular analyses, which created reluctance in the scientific community to adopt these new genera for the description of new species. In this study, this issue was addressed using phylogenomics. Whole genomes of 109 strains of Pythium and close relatives were sequenced, assembled, and annotated. These data were combined with 10 genomes sequenced in previous studies. Phylogenomic analyses were performed with 148 single-copy genes represented in at least 90% of the taxa in the data set. The results showed support for the division of Pythium s.l. The status of alternative generic names that have been used for species of Pythium in the past (e.g., Artotrogus, Cystosiphon, Eupythium, Nematosporangium, Rheosporangium, Sphaerosporangium) was investigated. Based on our molecular analyses and review of the Pythium generic concepts, we urge the scientific community to adopt the generic names Pythium, Elongisporangium, Globisporangium, and their concepts as proposed by Uzuhashi and colleagues in 2010 in their work going forward. In order to consolidate the taxonomy of these genera, some of the recently described Pythium spp. are transferred to Elongisporangium and Globisporangium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai D T Nguyen
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0C6 Canada
| | - Annette Dodge
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0C6 Canada
| | - Kasia Dadej
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0C6 Canada
| | - Tara L Rintoul
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0C6 Canada
| | - Ekaterina Ponomareva
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0C6 Canada
| | - Frank N Martin
- Crop Improvement and Protection Research, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Salinas, California 93905, USA
| | - Arthur W A M de Cock
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - C André Lévesque
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0C6 Canada
| | - Scott A Redhead
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0C6 Canada
| | - Christoffel F J Spies
- Plant Microbiology, Agricultural Research Council - Plant Health and Protection, Private Bag X5017, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa
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Purushotham S, Ramachandran S, Aravindaram K, Kulal A, Kirana MP. First Report of Colletotrichum siamense Prihastuti, L. Cai & K.D. Hyde causing anthracnose disease in Santalum album Linn. in India. PLANT DISEASE 2022; 106:3211. [PMID: 35522961 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-03-22-0708-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Indian sandalwood (Santalum album), valued for its medicinal properties, is an indigenous species of India. Circular or irregular pale yellow lesions surrounded by a purple halo with prominent pinhead sized black fruiting bodies at the centre of the lesion were observed on leaves of sandalwood seedlings in a nursery located in Karnataka, with a disease incidence of 75% (n = 100 investigated plants) during July 2020. The disease prevailed in monsoon followed by winter season (July 2020 - January 2021); summer was less supportive for the disease incidence. As the disease progressed, lesions expanded and merged, causing necrosis of the whole leaf. Isolation of the pathogen involved excision of small sections of diseased tissues from the lesions followed by surface sterilization with 70% ethanol for 30 s and in 1% NaClO for 1 min. Sections were rinsed in sterile distilled water, placed on potato dextrose agar (PDA), and incubated at 25°C for 7 days. Ten isolates of Colletotrichum ssp. were obtained with an isolation frequency = 10/12×100 = 83%. One representative single-spore isolate (CSSA-1) was used for further study. Initially, pure cultures exhibited a white mycelium which later turned gray with time, and had orange conidial masses in a concentric ring pattern with the aggregation of black acervuli at the center of the culture Conidia were single celled, hyaline, and cylindrical having smooth rounded ends and the size ranged from 12.6 to 18.5 µm in length, and 3.5 to 5.6 µm in width (n = 100). The morphological characteristics were in agreement with the species description of fungi in the Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex (Weir et al. 2012). To confirm the species designation of the isolate CSSA-1, a multilocus phylogenetic analysis was performed using six genomic loci (Weir et al. 2012; Marin-Felix et al. 2017). The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA and a partial sequence of the beta-tubulin (TUB2), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), chitin synthase 1 (CHS-1), actin (ACT), and glutamine synthetase (GS) genes were amplified using ITS1/ITS4, BT2F/BT4R, GAPDHF/R, 79F/354R, 512F/783R and GSF/GSR primers, respectively. The ITS (OK254122), TUB2 (OL462863), GAPDH (OL462859), CHS-1 (OL462860), actin (OL462861), and glutamine synthetase (OL961822) sequences of representative isolate CSSA-1 showed 99 to 100% identity with sequences MZ148628, MK967339, MN525882, MW192791, MT263504, MF111030, MH370542 and KX578767, respectively to the holotype isolate of Colletotrichum siamense (Prihastuti et al. 2009). The sequences were analysed with representative sequences of Colletotrichum and a multilocus Bayesian inference phylogenetic tree with ITS-GAPDH-ACT-CHS1-GS-TUB2 concatenated data sets (concatenated with Sequence Matrix v.1.8 (Vaidya et al. 2011)) was constructed using Beast version 1.8.4 to confirm the isolate identification (Drummond et al. 2012; Hyde et al. 2014; Weir et al. 2012). Isolate CSSA-1 clustered with C. siamense isolates. To complete Koch's postulates, for the characterized isolate CSSA-1, a pathogenicity test was conducted on 3-month-old sandalwood seedlings by spore spray inoculation. Ten plants were inoculated with a conidial suspension (106 conidia/ml) and control plants inoculated with sterilized water then kept in a glass house at 25°C and >85% relative humidity with a 12-h photoperiod. Humidity was maintained by spraying the plants with water in the morning and evening to enhance the infection. Typical symptoms of anthracnose disease similar to naturally infected leaves were observed, which included circular pale yellow lesions surrounded by a purple halo with prominent pinhead sized black fruiting bodies at the center of the lesion 7 days after inoculation, while the control plants remained unaffected. The pathogen was reisolated from infected leaves and its identity was confirmed as C. siamense based on morphological characteristics. Previously, C. siamense was identified causing disease on chili in India (Gunjan and Shenoy, 2014), but to our knowledge this is the first report of leaf anthracnose caused by C. siamense on Indian sandalwood in India or globally. This study documents crucial information, paving way for epidemiologic studies and design of control strategies to combat this newly emerging disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swetha Purushotham
- Institute of Wood Science and Technology, 277856, Forest Protection Division, 18th Cross Rd, Kodandarampura, Malleshwaram West, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560003, BANGALORE, Karnataka, India, 560003;
| | - Sundararaj Ramachandran
- Institute of Wood Science and Technology, 277856, Forest Protection Division, BANGALORE, Karnataka, India;
| | - Kandan Aravindaram
- National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, 93054, Division of Germplasm Conservation and Utilization, Bangalore, Karnataka, India;
| | - Ananda Kulal
- Poornaprajna Institute of Scientific Research, 226402, Department of Biological Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India;
| | - Mugaranja P Kirana
- Poornaprajna Institute of Scientific Research, 226402, Department of Biological Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India;
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Forecasting the number of species of asexually reproducing fungi (Ascomycota and Basidiomycota). FUNGAL DIVERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-022-00500-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Ma X, Chomnunti P, Doilom M, Daranagama DA, Kang J. Multigene Phylogeny Reveals Endophytic Xylariales Novelties from Dendrobium Species from Southwestern China and Northern Thailand. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8030248. [PMID: 35330250 PMCID: PMC8955275 DOI: 10.3390/jof8030248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Xylariales are common endophytes of Dendrobium. However, xylarialean species resolution remains difficult without sequence data and poor sporulation on artificial media and asexual descriptions for only several species and old type material. The surface-sterilized and morph-molecular methods were used for fungal isolation and identification. A total of forty-seven strains were identified as twenty-three species belonging to Apiosporaceae, Hypoxylaceae, Induratiaceae, and Xylariaceae. Five new species—Annulohypoxylon moniliformis, Apiospora dendrobii, Hypoxylon endophyticum, H. officinalis and Nemania dendrobii were discovered. Three tentative new species were speculated in Xylaria. Thirteen known fungal species from Hypoxylon, Nemania, Nigrospora, and Xylaria were also identified. Another two strains were only identified at the genus and family level (Induratia sp., Hypoxylaceae sp.). This study recorded 12 new hosts for xylarialean endophytes. This is the first report of Xylariales species as endophytes from Dendrobium aurantiacum var. denneanum, D. cariniferum, D. harveyanum, D. hercoglossum, D. moniliforme, and D. moschatum. Dendrobium is associated with abundant xylarialean taxa, especially species of Hypoxylon and Xylaria. We recommend the use of oat agar with low concentrations to induce sporulation of Xylaria strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoya Ma
- Engineering and Research Center for Southwest Biopharmaceutical Resource of National Education Ministry of China, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand;
| | - Putarak Chomnunti
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand;
| | - Mingkwan Doilom
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China;
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Dinushani Anupama Daranagama
- Department of Plant and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Kelaniya, Colombo 11300, Sri Lanka;
| | - Jichuan Kang
- Engineering and Research Center for Southwest Biopharmaceutical Resource of National Education Ministry of China, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-139-8558-8309
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Current Insight into Traditional and Modern Methods in Fungal Diversity Estimates. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8030226. [PMID: 35330228 PMCID: PMC8955040 DOI: 10.3390/jof8030226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungi are an important and diverse component in various ecosystems. The methods to identify different fungi are an important step in any mycological study. Classical methods of fungal identification, which rely mainly on morphological characteristics and modern use of DNA based molecular techniques, have proven to be very helpful to explore their taxonomic identity. In the present compilation, we provide detailed information on estimates of fungi provided by different mycologistsover time. Along with this, a comprehensive analysis of the importance of classical and molecular methods is also presented. In orderto understand the utility of genus and species specific markers in fungal identification, a polyphasic approach to investigate various fungi is also presented in this paper. An account of the study of various fungi based on culture-based and cultureindependent methods is also provided here to understand the development and significance of both approaches. The available information on classical and modern methods compiled in this study revealed that the DNA based molecular studies are still scant, and more studies are required to achieve the accurate estimation of fungi present on earth.
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Nguyen TTT, Lim HJ, Chu SJ, Lee HB. Two New Species and Three New Records of Ascomycetes in Korea. MYCOBIOLOGY 2022; 50:30-45. [PMID: 35291599 PMCID: PMC8890549 DOI: 10.1080/12298093.2022.2038843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
During a survey of plant-inhabiting fungi and water niches from Korea, noteworthy fungi were collected; among them, two new species, Paracamarosporium noviaquum sp. nov. and Phyllosticta gwangjuensis sp. nov., are described based on morphology and multi-gene phylogenies. Paracamarosporium noviaquum was characterized by its production of 1-celled and 2-celled conidia, forming conidiomata on only potato dextrose agar medium. Phyllosticta gwangjuensis was characterized by conidia hyaline, ovoid to ellipsoid shape, rounded at both ends, containing numerous guttulae or with a single large central guttule. Additional species were identified as Cosmospora lavitskiae, Monochaetia cameliae, and Roussoella doimaesalongensis, which are reported as new record species from Korea. Detailed descriptions and illustrations of these taxa are provided herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuong T. T. Nguyen
- Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Biological Chemistry, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hyo Jin Lim
- Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Biological Chemistry, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - So Jeong Chu
- Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Biological Chemistry, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hyang Burm Lee
- Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Biological Chemistry, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
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Colletotrichum species associated with sugarcane red rot in Brazil. Fungal Biol 2022; 126:290-299. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Zheng H, Yu Z, Jiang X, Fang L, Qiao M. Endophytic Colletotrichum Species from Aquatic Plants in Southwest China. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:87. [PMID: 35050027 PMCID: PMC8779291 DOI: 10.3390/jof8010087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Colletotrichum species are plant pathogens, saprobes, and endophytes in many economically important hosts. Many studies have investigated the diversity and pathogenicity of Colletotrichum species in common ornamentals, fruits, and vegetables. However, Colletotrichum species occurring in aquatic plants are not well known. During the investigation of the diversity of endophytic fungi in aquatic plants in southwest China, 66 Colletotrichum isolates were obtained from aquatic plants there, and 26 of them were selected for sequencing and analyses of actin (ACT), chitin synthase (CHS-1), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, and β-tubulin (TUB2) genomic regions. Based on morphological characterization and multi-locus phylogenetic analyses, 13 Colletotrichum species were recognized, namely, C. baiyuense sp. nov., C. casaense sp. nov., C. demersi sp. nov., C. dianense sp. nov., C. fructicola, C. garzense sp. nov., C. jiangxiense, C. karstii, C. philoxeroidis sp. nov., C. spicati sp. nov., C. tengchongense sp. nov., C. vulgaris sp. nov., C. wuxuhaiense sp. nov. Two species complexes, the C. boninense species complex and C. gloeosporioides species complex, were found to be associated with aquatic plants. Pathogenicity tests revealed a broad diversity in pathogenicity and aggressiveness among the eight new Colletotrichum species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zheng
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Zefen Yu
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Xinwei Jiang
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Linlin Fang
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Min Qiao
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
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Mehta N, Jadhav R, Baghela A. Molecular Taxonomy and Multigene Phylogeny of Filamentous Fungi. Fungal Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-83749-5_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Fusarium elaeidis Causes Stem and Root Rot on Alocasia longiloba in South China. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10111395. [PMID: 34832551 PMCID: PMC8624008 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10111395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Alocasia longiloba is a popular ornamental plant in China, however pests and diseases associated with A. longiloba reduce the ornamental value of this plant. From 2016 to 2021, stem and root rot has been observed on A. longiloba in Guangdong Province, China. Once the disease became severe, plants wilted and died. A fungus was isolated from the diseased stem and identified as Fusarium elaeidis using both morphological characteristics and molecular analysis of DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit (rpb2), translation elongation factor-1α (tef1) gene and β-tubulin (tub2) sequence data. The pathogenicity test showed the fungus was able to produce typical symptoms on A. longiloba similar to those observed in the field. The original pathogen was reisolated from inoculated plants fulfilling Koch’s postulates. This is the first report of Fusarium elaeidis causing stem rot on A. longiloba. These results will provide a baseline to identify and control diseases associated with A. longiloba.
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Ntui VO, Uyoh EA, Ita EE, Markson AA, Tripathi JN, Okon NI, Akpan MO, Phillip JO, Brisibe EA, Ene‐Obong EE, Tripathi L. Strategies to combat the problem of yam anthracnose disease: Status and prospects. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2021; 22:1302-1314. [PMID: 34275185 PMCID: PMC8435233 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Yam (Dioscorea spp.) anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum alatae, is the most devastating fungal disease of yam in West Africa, leading to 50%-90% of tuber yield losses in severe cases. In some instances, plants die without producing any tubers or each shoot may produce several small tubers before it dies if the disease strikes early. C. alatae affects all parts of the yam plant at all stages of development, including leaves, stems, tubers, and seeds of yams, and it is highly prevalent in the yam belt region and other yam-producing countries in the world. Traditional methods adopted by farmers to control the disease have not been very successful. Fungicides have also failed to provide long-lasting control. Although conventional breeding and genomics-assisted breeding have been used to develop some level of resistance to anthracnose in Dioscorea alata, the appearance of new and more virulent strains makes the development of improved varieties with broad-spectrum and durable resistance critical. These shortcomings, coupled with interspecific incompatibility, dioecy, polyploidy, poor flowering, and the long breeding cycle of the crop, have prompted researchers to explore biotechnological techniques to complement conventional breeding to speed up crop improvement. Modern biotechnological tools have the potential of producing fungus-resistant cultivars, thereby bypassing the natural bottlenecks of traditional breeding. This article reviews the existing biotechnological strategies and proposes several approaches that could be adopted to develop anthracnose-resistant yam varieties for improved food security in West Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentine Otang Ntui
- Department of Genetics and BiotechnologyUniversity of CalabarCalabarNigeria
- International Institute of Tropical AgricultureNairobiKenya
| | - Edak Aniedi Uyoh
- Department of Genetics and BiotechnologyUniversity of CalabarCalabarNigeria
| | - Effiom Eyo Ita
- Department of Genetics and BiotechnologyUniversity of CalabarCalabarNigeria
| | | | | | - Nkese Ime Okon
- Department of Genetics and BiotechnologyUniversity of CalabarCalabarNigeria
| | - Mfon Okon Akpan
- Department of Genetics and BiotechnologyUniversity of CalabarCalabarNigeria
| | | | | | | | - Leena Tripathi
- International Institute of Tropical AgricultureNairobiKenya
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Tojo M, Fujii N, Yagi H, Yamashita Y, Tokura K, Kida K, Hakoda A, Herrero ML, Hoshino T, Uchida M. Identification and Isolation Pattern of Globisporangium spp. from a Sanionia Moss Colony in Ny-Ålesund, Spitsbergen Is., Norway from 2006 to 2018. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9091912. [PMID: 34576807 PMCID: PMC8467116 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9091912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Globisporangium spp. are soil-inhabiting oomycetes distributed worldwide, including in polar regions. Some species of the genus are known as important plant pathogens. This study aimed to clarify the species construction of Globisporangium spp. and their long-term isolation pattern in Sanionia moss in Ny-Ålesund, Spitsbergen Is., Norway. Globisporangium spp. were isolated at two-year intervals between 2006 and 2018 at a Sanionia moss colony, Ny-Ålesund, Spitsbergen Is., Norway. The isolates were obtained by using three agar media and were identified based on sequences of the rDNA-ITS region and cultural characteristics. Most of the Globisporangium isolates obtained during the survey were identified into six species. All six species were grown at 0 °C on an agar plate and used to infect Sanionia moss at 4 and/or 10 °C under an in vitro inoculation test. The total isolation frequency of Globisporangium gradually decreased throughout the survey period. The isolation frequency varied among the six species, and four of the species that showed a high frequency in 2006 were rarely isolated after 2016. The results suggested that Globisporangium inhabiting Sanionia moss in Ny-Ålesund has a unique composition of species and that most of the species reduced their population over the recent decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoaki Tojo
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Gakuen-Cho 1-1, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan; (N.F.); (H.Y.); (Y.Y.); (K.T.); (K.K.); (A.H.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Natsumi Fujii
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Gakuen-Cho 1-1, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan; (N.F.); (H.Y.); (Y.Y.); (K.T.); (K.K.); (A.H.)
| | - Hironori Yagi
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Gakuen-Cho 1-1, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan; (N.F.); (H.Y.); (Y.Y.); (K.T.); (K.K.); (A.H.)
| | - Yuki Yamashita
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Gakuen-Cho 1-1, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan; (N.F.); (H.Y.); (Y.Y.); (K.T.); (K.K.); (A.H.)
| | - Katsuyuki Tokura
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Gakuen-Cho 1-1, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan; (N.F.); (H.Y.); (Y.Y.); (K.T.); (K.K.); (A.H.)
| | - Kenichi Kida
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Gakuen-Cho 1-1, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan; (N.F.); (H.Y.); (Y.Y.); (K.T.); (K.K.); (A.H.)
| | - Akiho Hakoda
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Gakuen-Cho 1-1, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan; (N.F.); (H.Y.); (Y.Y.); (K.T.); (K.K.); (A.H.)
| | - María-Luz Herrero
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), P.O. Box 115, NO-1431 Ås, Norway;
| | - Tamotsu Hoshino
- Department of Life and Environmental Science, Faculty of Engineering, Hachinohe Institute of Technology 88-1, Obiraki, Myo, Hachinohe 031-8501, Japan;
| | - Masaki Uchida
- National Institute of Polar Research (NIPR), 10-3 Midori-cho, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-8518, Japan;
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Phylogenetic Analysis and Genetic Diversity of Colletotrichum falcatum Isolates Causing Sugarcane Red Rot Disease in Bangladesh. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10090862. [PMID: 34571739 PMCID: PMC8467384 DOI: 10.3390/biology10090862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Sugarcane is an important agro-industrial crop because it is one of the major sources of white sugar. Red rot which is caused by Colletotrichum falcatum is the most devastating disease of sugarcane because its infestation results in significant sugarcane yield loss. The intra- and inter-specific genetic diversity, population structure and phylogenetic relationship amongst C. falcatum isolates from Bangladesh remain unclear. This information is essential for the effective management of red rot and to also develop resistant sugarcane varieties through plant breeding programmes. This paper demonstrates the phylogenetic relationship and genetic diversity of C. falcatum isolates from Bangladesh. Also, it provides baseline information that can be used to establish red rot disease management strategies for future application. Abstract Colletotrichum falcatum Went causes red rot disease in sugarcane farming in the tropical and sub-tropical regions. This disease causes significant economic loss to the sugarcane production industry. Successful disease management strategies depend on understanding the evolutionary relationship between pathogens, genetic diversity, and population structure, particularly at the intra-specific level. Forty-one isolates of C. falcatum were collected from different sugarcane farms across Bangladesh for molecular identification, phylogeny and genetic diversity study. The four genes namely, ITS-rDNA, β-tubulin, Actin and GAPDH sequences were conducted. All the 41 C. falcatum isolates showed a 99–100% similarity index to the conserved gene sequences in the GenBank database. The phylogram of the four genes revealed that C. falcatum isolates of Bangladesh clustered in the same clade and no distinct geographical structuring were evident within the clade. The four gene sequences revealed that C. falcatum isolates from Bangladesh differed from other countries´ isolates because of nucleotides substitution at different loci. The genetic structure of C. falcatum isolates were determined using ISSR marker generated 404 polymorphic loci from 10 selected markers. The percentage of polymorphic loci was 99.01. The genetic variability at species level was slightly higher than at population level. Total mean gene diversity at the species level was 0.1732 whereas at population level it was 0.1521. The cluster analysis divided 41 isolates into four main genetic groups and the principal component analysis was consistent with cluster analysis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first finding on characterizing C. falcatum isolates infesting sugarcane in Bangladesh. The results of this present study provide important baseline information vis a vis C. falcatum phylogeny analysis and genetic diversity study.
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Manawasinghe IS, Phillips AJL, Xu J, Balasuriya A, Hyde KD, Stępień Ł, Harischandra DL, Karunarathna A, Yan J, Weerasinghe J, Luo M, Dong Z, Cheewangkoon R. Defining a species in fungal plant pathology: beyond the species level. FUNGAL DIVERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-021-00481-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Tennakoon DS, Kuo CH, Maharachchikumbura SSN, Thambugala KM, Gentekaki E, Phillips AJL, Bhat DJ, Wanasinghe DN, de Silva NI, Promputtha I, Hyde KD. Taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to Celtis formosana, Ficus ampelas, F. septica, Macaranga tanarius and Morus australis leaf litter inhabiting microfungi. FUNGAL DIVERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-021-00474-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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da C Lima T, Santos RS, Silva SYS, de A Santos D, da C Silva S, de A Gomes A, Conceição F Oliveira M, Alves KF, Pinto L, Oliveira MN. VOCs profile of Colletotrichum spp. as a potential tool for quality control of açaí pulp. Food Chem 2021; 362:130150. [PMID: 34082295 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Colletotrichum has been identified as responsible for the "dried fruit" disease in açaí (Euterpe oleracea). Besides concern for açaí pulp quality control, the characterization of Colletotrichum has been difficult, which has motivated the search for chemical markers in the Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) profile for use as a tool in the identification of açaí pulp contaminated by the fungus. Extracted VOCs by Headspace - Solid Phase Micro Extraction (HS-SPME) were identified through gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). From GC-MS analyzes 26 VOCs were identified, with a predominance of the terpenoids. Chemometrically, menthol and menthone were assigned as potential markers of the genus. The analysis of VOCs in açaí pulps contaminated by Colletotrichum under different cultivation conditions enabled the detection of menthone. This result illustrated the selectivity of the culture medium and the potential of this tool for use in the quality control of açaí pulp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiane da C Lima
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará, Marabá-PA 68505-080, Brazil.
| | - Raulem S Santos
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará, Marabá-PA 68505-080, Brazil.
| | - Simone Y S Silva
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará, Marabá-PA 68505-080, Brazil.
| | - Darlisson de A Santos
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará, Marabá-PA 68505-080, Brazil.
| | - Sebastião da C Silva
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará, Marabá-PA 68505-080, Brazil.
| | - Adriano de A Gomes
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre-RS 90040-060, Brazil.
| | - Maria Conceição F Oliveira
- Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE 60440-593, Brazil.
| | - Kézia F Alves
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado do Pará, Castanhal-PA 68746-630, Brazil
| | - Licarion Pinto
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife-PE 50670-901, Brazil.
| | - Marilene N Oliveira
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará, Marabá-PA 68505-080, Brazil.
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Plesken C, Pattar P, Reiss B, Noor ZN, Zhang L, Klug K, Huettel B, Hahn M. Genetic Diversity of Botrytis cinerea Revealed by Multilocus Sequencing, and Identification of B. cinerea Populations Showing Genetic Isolation and Distinct Host Adaptation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:663027. [PMID: 34025700 PMCID: PMC8131559 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.663027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Botrytis cinerea is a world-wide occurring plant pathogen, causing pre- and post-harvest gray mold rot on a large number of fruit, vegetable, and flower crops. B. cinerea is closely related to Botrytis pseudocinerea, another broad host range species which often occurs in sympatry with B. cinerea, and to several host-specific species including Botrytis fabae and Botrytis calthae. B. cinerea populations have been shown to be genetically heterogeneous, and attempts have been made to correlate genetic markers to virulence and host adaptation. Here, we present the development of a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme, with 10 genes selected for high variability and phylogenetic congruence, to evaluate the genetic diversity of B. cinerea, B. fabae, and B. pseudocinerea. Using PacBio-assisted simultaneous mass sequencing of PCR products, MLST analysis of about 100 strains from diverse geographical origins and years of isolation was performed, which resulted in high-resolution strain differentiation and robust species separation. Several B. cinerea strains formed an as yet unknown population, referred to as group B, which was well separated from all other B. cinerea strains. Furthermore, the gene cluster for biosynthesis of the phytotoxin botcinic acid was missing in B. cinerea B strains. B. cinerea strains from the monocot Iris pseudacorus were found to form a genetically distinct population, and contained an intact gene cluster for production of the red pigment bikaverin, which is usually degenerated in B. cinerea. Remarkably, these strains were much more aggressive on Iris than other B. cinerea strains, which is the first unequivocal example for host specialization in B. cinerea. Our data reveal new insights into the genetic diversity of B. cinerea and provide evidence for intraspecific differentiation and different degrees of host adaptation of this polyphagous necrotrophic pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Plesken
- Department of Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Patrick Pattar
- Department of Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Bianka Reiss
- Department of Plant Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Zinnia Naoshin Noor
- Department of Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Lisha Zhang
- Center of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Klaus Klug
- Department of Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Bruno Huettel
- Max Planck Genome Centre Cologne, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Matthias Hahn
- Department of Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
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Steentjes MBF, Scholten OE, van Kan JAL. Peeling the Onion: Towards a Better Understanding of Botrytis Diseases of Onion. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2021; 111:464-473. [PMID: 32748737 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-06-20-0258-ia] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Onion is cultivated worldwide for its bulbs, but production is threatened by pathogens and pests. Three distinct diseases of onion are caused by species that belong to the fungal genus Botrytis. Leaf blight is a well-known foliar disease caused by B. squamosa that can cause serious yield losses. Neck rot is a postharvest disease that manifests in bulbs after storage and is associated with three species: B. aclada, B. allii, and B. byssoidea. The symptomless infection of onion plants in the field makes it difficult to predict the incidence of neck rot in storage, although progress on the detection of latent infection has been made. In onion cultivation for seed production, blighting of the inflorescence is caused by all four onion-specific Botrytis species plus the broad host range pathogen B. cinerea. Flower blight can reduce seed yield and contaminate seed. In this review, the long history of Botrytis diseases of onion is discussed, as well as recent and future approaches to acquire a better understanding of the biology and ecology of Botrytis spp. pathogenic on onion. New fundamental insights in the genetic, biochemical, and physiological aspects of Botrytis-onion interactions are essential to improve the breeding of Botrytis-resistant onion cultivars.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maikel B F Steentjes
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, Wageningen 6708 PB, The Netherlands
| | - Olga E Scholten
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University, Wageningen 6708 PB, The Netherlands
| | - Jan A L van Kan
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, Wageningen 6708 PB, The Netherlands
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Garfinkel AR. The History of Botrytis Taxonomy, the Rise of Phylogenetics, and Implications for Species Recognition. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2021; 111:437-454. [PMID: 32976058 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-06-20-0211-ia] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Botrytis is one of the oldest, most well studied, and most economically important fungal taxa. Nonetheless, many species in this genus have remained obscured for nearly 300 years because of the difficulty in distinguishing these species by conventional mycological methods. Aided by the use of phylogenetic tools, the genus is currently undergoing a taxonomic revolution. The number of putative species in the genus has nearly doubled over the last 10 years and more species are likely to be discovered in the future. The implementation of phylogenetic species recognition concepts in Botrytis is providing for more resolution on the relatedness among species than ever before, and this has helped to overcome issues in historical species recognition using morphology, sexual crosses, and pathogenicity tests. Meanwhile, the use of genetic tools is helping to reveal surprising insight into this archetypal necrotroph's behavior, making these approaches increasingly important in species recognition and identification. As Botrytis taxonomy continues to evolve at a rapid pace, researchers should be encouraged to continue to employ the powerful tool of phylogenetics while considering how it fits into a larger framework of classical Botrytis species recognition. Starting points for discussion on how to move forward with Botrytis species recognition are included herein, with an emphasis on the implications and utility of new species descriptions.
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Chaisiri C, Liu X, Lin Y, Fu Y, Zhu F, Luo C. Phylogenetic and Haplotype Network Analyses of Diaporthe eres Species in China Based on Sequences of Multiple Loci. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:179. [PMID: 33804529 PMCID: PMC8000818 DOI: 10.3390/biology10030179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Diaporthe eres is considered one of the most important causal agents of many plant diseases, with a broad host range worldwide. In this study, multiple sequences of ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), translation elongation factor 1-α gene (EF1-α), beta-tubulin gene (TUB2), calmodulin gene (CAL), and histone-3 gene (HIS) were used for multi-locus phylogenetic analysis. For phylogenetic analysis, maximum likelihood (ML), maximum parsimony (MP), and Bayesian inferred (BI) approaches were performed to investigate relationships of D. eres with closely related species. The results strongly support that the D. eres species falls into a monophyletic lineage, with the characteristics of a species complex. Phylogenetic informativeness (PI) analysis showed that clear boundaries could be proposed by using EF1-α, whereas ITS showed an ineffective reconstruction and, thus, was unsuitable for speciating boundaries for Diaporthe species. A combined dataset of EF1-α, CAL, TUB2, and HIS showed strong resolution for Diaporthe species, providing insights for the D. eres complex. Accordingly, besides D. biguttusis, D. camptothecicola, D. castaneae-mollissimae, D. cotoneastri, D. ellipicola, D. longicicola, D. mahothocarpus, D. momicola, D. nobilis, and Phomopsis fukushii, which have already been previously considered the synonymous species of D. eres, another three species, D. henanensis, D. lonicerae and D. rosicola, were further revealed to be synonyms of D. eres in this study. In order to demonstrate the genetic diversity of D. eres species in China, 138 D. eres isolates were randomly selected from previous studies in 16 provinces. These isolates were obtained from different major plant species from 2006 to 2020. The genetic distance was estimated with phylogenetic analysis and haplotype networks, and it was revealed that two major haplotypes existed in the Chinese populations of D. eres. The haplotype networks were widely dispersed and not uniquely correlated to specific populations. Overall, our analyses evaluated the phylogenetic identification for D. eres species and demonstrated the population diversity of D. eres in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chingchai Chaisiri
- Key Lab of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (C.C.); (X.L.)
- Key Lab of Crop Disease Monitoring and Safety Control in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.L.); (Y.F.)
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Xiangyu Liu
- Key Lab of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (C.C.); (X.L.)
- Key Lab of Crop Disease Monitoring and Safety Control in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.L.); (Y.F.)
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Yang Lin
- Key Lab of Crop Disease Monitoring and Safety Control in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.L.); (Y.F.)
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Yanping Fu
- Key Lab of Crop Disease Monitoring and Safety Control in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.L.); (Y.F.)
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Fuxing Zhu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Chaoxi Luo
- Key Lab of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (C.C.); (X.L.)
- Key Lab of Crop Disease Monitoring and Safety Control in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.L.); (Y.F.)
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
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Abstract
Twenty-seven Colletotrichum isolates associated with asymptomatic tissues of bamboo (Bambusoideae, Gramineae) were isolated from Anhui, Beijing, and Guangxi in China. Based on multilocus (internal transcribed spacer [ITS], glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [GAPDH], chitin synthase [CHS], actin [ACT], beta-tubulin [TUB2]) phylogenetic analyses and morphological characteristics, three species were distinguished, including two novel species, C. bambusicola and C. guangxiense, and one known species, C. metake, which is a first report for China. These species have hitherto only been discovered on Bambusoideae, indicating that they probably have host preference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Tong Wang
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Xisanhuanbeilu 105, Haidian, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Cheng-Lin Hou
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Xisanhuanbeilu 105, Haidian, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Lei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
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Hongsanan S, Hyde KD, Phookamsak R, Wanasinghe DN, McKenzie EHC, Sarma VV, Lücking R, Boonmee S, Bhat JD, Liu NG, Tennakoon DS, Pem D, Karunarathna A, Jiang SH, Jones GEB, Phillips AJL, Manawasinghe IS, Tibpromma S, Jayasiri SC, Sandamali D, Jayawardena RS, Wijayawardene NN, Ekanayaka AH, Jeewon R, Lu YZ, Phukhamsakda C, Dissanayake AJ, Zeng XY, Luo ZL, Tian Q, Thambugala KM, Dai D, Samarakoon MC, Chethana KWT, Ertz D, Doilom M, Liu JK(J, Pérez-Ortega S, Suija A, Senwanna C, Wijesinghe SN, Niranjan M, Zhang SN, Ariyawansa HA, Jiang HB, Zhang JF, Norphanphoun C, de Silva NI, Thiyagaraja V, Zhang H, Bezerra JDP, Miranda-González R, Aptroot A, Kashiwadani H, Harishchandra D, Sérusiaux E, Abeywickrama PD, Bao DF, Devadatha B, Wu HX, Moon KH, Gueidan C, Schumm F, Bundhun D, Mapook A, Monkai J, Bhunjun CS, Chomnunti P, Suetrong S, Chaiwan N, Dayarathne MC, Yang J, Rathnayaka AR, Xu JC, Zheng J, Liu G, Feng Y, Xie N. Refined families of Dothideomycetes: orders and families incertae sedis in Dothideomycetes. FUNGAL DIVERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-020-00462-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AbstractNumerous new taxa and classifications of Dothideomycetes have been published following the last monograph of families of Dothideomycetes in 2013. A recent publication by Honsanan et al. in 2020 expanded information of families in Dothideomycetidae and Pleosporomycetidae with modern classifications. In this paper, we provide a refined updated document on orders and families incertae sedis of Dothideomycetes. Each family is provided with an updated description, notes, including figures to represent the morphology, a list of accepted genera, and economic and ecological significances. We also provide phylogenetic trees for each order. In this study, 31 orders which consist 50 families are assigned as orders incertae sedis in Dothideomycetes, and 41 families are treated as families incertae sedis due to lack of molecular or morphological evidence. The new order, Catinellales, and four new families, Catinellaceae, Morenoinaceae Neobuelliellaceae and Thyrinulaceae are introduced. Seven genera (Neobuelliella, Pseudomicrothyrium, Flagellostrigula, Swinscowia, Macroconstrictolumina, Pseudobogoriella, and Schummia) are introduced. Seven new species (Acrospermum urticae, Bogoriella complexoluminata, Dothiorella ostryae, Dyfrolomyces distoseptatus, Macroconstrictolumina megalateralis, Patellaria microspora, and Pseudomicrothyrium thailandicum) are introduced base on morphology and phylogeny, together with two new records/reports and five new collections from different families. Ninety new combinations are also provided in this paper.
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