1
|
Schenk S, Ravussin Y, Lacroix A, Quansah DY, Puder JJ. Weight Categories, Trajectories, Eating Behavior, and Metabolic Consequences during Pregnancy and Postpartum in Women with GDM. Nutrients 2024; 16:560. [PMID: 38398884 PMCID: PMC10892465 DOI: 10.3390/nu16040560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Pre-pregnancy overweight and obesity are associated with increased risk for adverse outcomes, such as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). This study investigated weight trajectories, eating behaviors, and metabolic consequences in women with GDM during pregnancy and postpartum according to pre-pregnancy BMI. We prospectively included 464 women with GDM. Intuitive eating (Intuitive Eating Scale-2 questionnaire), gestational weight gain (GWG), postpartum weight retention (PPWR) at 6-8 weeks and 1-year postpartum, and glucose intolerance (prediabetes and diabetes) at 1-year were assessed. Women with obesity (WOB) had lower GWG but gained more weight in the postpartum (p < 0.0001). PPWR at 1-year did not differ across BMI categories (p = 0.63), whereas postpartum weight loss was most pronounced in women with normal weight (p < 0.0001), and within this category, in their lowest tertile (p < 0.05). Intuitive eating was not linked to perinatal weight changes but differed among BMI categories. PPWR predicted a 2.5-fold increased risk of glucose intolerance at 1-year independent of pre-pregnancy BMI (p < 0.001), and the adverse metabolic impact of PPWR was most pronounced in WOB with odds of increased risk of glucose intolerance 8.9 times higher (95% CI 2.956;26.968). These findings suggest an adaptive capacity to relatively rapid weight changes in the perinatal period that is less present with higher BMI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sybille Schenk
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland;
- Obstetric Service, Department Woman-Mother-Child, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Yann Ravussin
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Cardiovascular System, Medicine Section, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland;
| | - Alain Lacroix
- Institute of Higher Education and Research in Healthcare, University of Lausanne, 1010 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Dan Yedu Quansah
- Obstetric Service, Department Woman-Mother-Child, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Jardena J. Puder
- Obstetric Service, Department Woman-Mother-Child, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Qiu D, He J, Li Y, Ouyang F, Xiao S. Stressful Life Events, Unhealthy Eating Behaviors and Obesity among Chinese Government Employees: A Follow-Up Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112637. [PMID: 37299600 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The underlying mechanisms of the relationship between stressful life events and obesity among Chinese workers are unclear. Objective: This study aimed to understand the processes and mechanisms involved in stressful life events, unhealthy eating behavior, and obesity among Chinese workers. Methods: From January 2018 to December 2019, a total of 15,921 government employees were included at baseline and they were followed-up until May 2021. Stressful life events were assessed using the Life Events Scale, and unhealthy eating behavior was assessed using four items. BMI was calculated as weight (kg) divided by height (m2) using physically measured data. Results: Overeating at each mealtime (OR = 2.21, 95%CI: 1.78-2.71) at baseline led to reports of higher risk of obesity at follow up. Eating before going to bed at night sometimes (OR = 1.51, 95%CI: 1.31-1.73) or often (OR = 3.04, 95%CI: 2.28-4.05) at baseline led to reports of higher risk of obesity at follow-up. Eating out sometimes (OR = 1.74, 95%CI: 1.47-2.07) or often (OR = 1.59, 95%CI: 1.07-2.36) at baseline led to reports of higher risk of obesity at follow-up. Stressful life events were not directly associated with obesity, but unhealthy eating behaviors, including overeating at each mealtime (β = 0.010, 95%CI: 0.007-0.014; β = 0.002, 95%CI: 0.001-0.004, respectively) and irregular meal timing (β = -0.011, 95%CI: -0.015--0.008; β = -0.004, 95%CI: -0.006--0.001, respectively), significantly mediated the associations between stressful life events at baseline and obesity at both baseline and follow-up. Conclusions: Unhealthy eating behaviors mediated the relationship between stressful life events and obesity. Interventions should be provided to workers who have experienced stressful life events and unhealthy eating behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Qiu
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Jun He
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Yilu Li
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Feiyun Ouyang
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Shuiyuan Xiao
- Mental Health Institute, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Meal Pattern in the Colombian Population: Results of the National Nutrition Survey. ENSIN, 2015. J Nutr Metab 2022; 2022:1047524. [PMID: 36061639 PMCID: PMC9436622 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1047524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Information on meal patterns (type, number, relative contribution to energy/day (%), time, and location of meals) is limited or nonexistent. Design Cross-sectional, nationally representative surveys. Setting. Colombia. Participants. n = 26,115 from 3 to 64 years old. The sample analyzed included 3,127 children between 3 and 4 years old, 13,384 children between 5 and 17 years old, and 9,604 adults between 18 and 64 years old. Data Analysis. Meal patterns were described by age group. Through multiple linear regression, crude and adjusted differences in the categories of the covariates studied were estimated. The number/day of meals was the dependent variable. Results The number of meals/day (mean ± SD) was 4.4 ± 0.0, without differences by sex (P = 0.068), current weight (P = 0.336) , or wealth index (P = 0.480), but there were differences in the level of education of the head of the household (P < 0.0001) and the level of food security of the household (P < 0.0001). A total of 96.8% of the population eats 3 or more meals/day (95% CI: 96.2, 97.2). The consumption frequency (mean ± SD) of the three main meals was 0.95 ± 0.0 “times/day,” 1.0 ± 0.0 and 0.95 ± 0.0, for breakfast, lunch, and dinner, respectively. Lunch is the meal that makes the greatest relative contribution to the total energy consumed (energy/day), 33.9% (95% CI: 32.7, 35.1). Breakfast is eaten outside the home by 13.0% of the subjects, lunch by 26.0%, and dinner by 3.8%. The minimum fasting interval is 9 hours and the maximum is 10 hours and 30 minutes. The meal pattern is equivalent to type “A,” with three main meals and two or three intermediate meals (midmorning and midafternoon) taken during 15 hours of the day. Conclusions All age groups had more than four meals/day. The number is directly related to socioeconomic level. Lunch is the main meal.
Collapse
|
4
|
Shahed Q, Baranowska K, Galavazi MC, Cao Y, van Nieuwenhoven MA. Doctors and patients' perspectives on obesity. A Q-methodology study. Fam Pract 2022; 39:694-700. [PMID: 35022704 PMCID: PMC9295604 DOI: 10.1093/fampra/cmab169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is associated with stigma and discrimination. Health care providers should approach these patients professionally and without stigma, since treatment of obesity requires a relationship with mutual understanding between the doctor and patient. OBJECTIVE To explore how patients and general practitioners (GPs) perceive obesity, using Q-methodology, which allows quantitative analysis of qualitative data. METHODS A Q-methodology study, comprising 24 patients with obesity and 24 GPs. We created 48 statements with viewpoints on obesity. All participants sorted these statements in a forced grid with a quasi-normal distribution ranking from -5 (most disagree) to +5 (most agree). Subsequently, factor analysis was performed. Six patients were interviewed to explain their viewpoints. RESULTS Analysis yielded 3 dominant groups (factors) of patients: (i) They acknowledge the importance of healthy lifestyle and feel mistreated by health care. (ii) They have a decreased quality of life, but do not blame health care, and (iii) They don't need treatment and don't have an impaired quality of life. For the GPs, the 3 dominant factors were: (i) They have understanding for the patients and feel that health care is insufficient, (ii) They believe that obesity may be hereditary but mainly is a lifestyle problem, and (iii) They believe obesity can be treated but is very difficult. CONCLUSIONS Viewpoints on obesity were different, both within and between the groups. Some GPs consider obesity mainly as a lifestyle problem, rather than a chronic disease. If patients and doctors can find mutual viewpoints on obesity, both patient satisfaction and a treatment strategy will be more effective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marije C Galavazi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Michiel A van Nieuwenhoven
- Corresponding author: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Örebro, 70185 Örebro, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Eating Patterns during Pregnancy and Postpartum and Their Association with Diet Quality and Energy Intake. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14061167. [PMID: 35334823 PMCID: PMC8949106 DOI: 10.3390/nu14061167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the relationship between meal-specific eating patterns during pregnancy and postpartum with maternal diet quality and energy intake. Participants in a prospective cohort study completed 24-h dietary recalls three times throughout both pregnancy and 1 year postpartum (n = 420). Linear regressions estimated the associations of eating frequency (number of daily main meals and eating occasions), meal and energy regularity (meal skipping and variation of daily energy intake), and intake timing patterns (distribution of energy intake throughout the day, derived using principal component analysis) with daily energy intake and diet quality (Healthy Eating Index-2015, calculated daily and overall, across both pregnancy and postpartum). Eating frequency was positively associated with energy intake and daily diet quality. Irregular meals were associated with lower energy intake in pregnancy but not postpartum and with lower pregnancy and postpartum diet quality. Energy irregularity was not associated with energy intake or diet quality. Higher postpartum diet quality was associated with a morning energy intake pattern (versus late morning/early afternoon or evening). Differences in these associations between pregnancy and postpartum suggest that efforts to support optimal energy intake and diet quality by modifying eating patterns may require specific strategies for pregnancy and postpartum.
Collapse
|
6
|
Kabakuş Aykut M, Bilici S. The relationship between the risk of eating disorder and meal patterns in University students. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:579-587. [PMID: 33881762 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-021-01179-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was carried out to evaluate the relation between meal patterns and the risk of eating disorders in university students. METHODS The study was conducted on a total of 331 volunteer students with a mean age of 22.08 ± 1.80 years, 56.5% female. Participants' sociodemographic characteristics, health information and eating habits like meal skipping and dieting were questioned. Sick, Control, One stone, Fat, Food (SCOFF) Eating Disorders Scale and Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) were used to determine eating behavior disorders, with face to face interviews by the researches. RESULTS A significant correlation was found between dieting and skipping meals and the risk of eating disorders in both genders (p < 0.05). In addition, when the reasons for skipping meals were questioned, a significant relationship was detected between skipping meals and eating behaviour disorders by 3.285 times (p = 0.000). Also, every unit of increase in body mass index (BMI) values of individuals who participated to the study led to an increase in eating disorders by a factor of 1.262 (p = 0.000). CONCLUSIONS Our findings support concerns about the negative health effects of increasing overweight among university students in accordance with the data that the increase in BMI values led to an increase in eating disorders. Notably a significant correlation was found between dieting, skipping meals and the risk of eating disorders in both genders it is highlighting the need for monitoring and early diagnosis of eating disorders in youth with simple scales like SCOFF. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V, cross-sectional descriptive study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Memnune Kabakuş Aykut
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gümüşhane University, Gümüşhane, Turkey
| | - Saniye Bilici
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Çankaya, Ankara, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Effects of consuming later evening meal v. earlier evening meal on weight loss during a weight loss diet: a randomised clinical trial. Br J Nutr 2021; 126:632-640. [PMID: 33172509 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520004456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Previous evidence confirms a relationship between the timing of food intake and weight loss. We aimed to evaluate the effect of late v. early evening meal (EEM) consumption on weight loss and cardiometabolic risk factors in women during a weight loss programme. Eighty-two healthy women (BMI 27-35 kg/m2; age 18-45 years) were randomly assigned to two groups: EEM group (eating at 19.00-19.30 hours) or late evening meal (LEM) group (eating at 22.30-23.00 hours), for 12 weeks. Compared with the LEM group, the EEM group had a greater mean reduction in weight (EEM: -6·74 (sd 1·92) kg; LEM: -4·81 (sd 2·22) kg; P < 0·001), BMI (EEM: -2·60 (sd 0·71) kg/m2; LEM: -1·87 (sd 0·85) kg/m2; P < 0·001), waist circumference (EEM: -8 (sd 3·25) cm; LEM: -6 (sd 3·05) cm, P = 0·007), total cholesterol (EEM: -0·51 (sd 0·19) mmol/l, LEM: -0·43 (sd 0·19) mmol/l, P = 0·038), TAG (EEM: -0·28 (sd 0·10) mmol/l, LEM: -0·19 (sd 0·10) mmol/l, P < 0·001) and homoeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (EEM: -0·83 (sd 0·37); LEM: -0·55 (sd 0·28), P < 0·001) after 12 weeks. In conclusion, eating an earlier evening meal resulted in favourable changes in weight loss and plasma cardiometabolic risk markers during a weight loss programme.
Collapse
|
8
|
Betz MV, Coe FL, Chapman AB. Agreement of Food Records and 24-Hour Urine Studies in Clinical Practice. J Ren Nutr 2021; 32:51-57. [PMID: 34429244 DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2021.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine the level of agreement between 3-day food records obtained as part of clinical care with 24-hour urine collections specifically assessing sodium, potassium, phosphorus, calcium, protein, and fluid intake. DESIGN AND METHODS Data were collected from patients at a nephrology clinic in a metropolitan, academic medical center. Patients who completed both a 3-day food record and a 24-hour urine collection were analyzed. Food record and urine collection measurements were compared using a simple ratio, Pearson's correlation, and general linear models. RESULTS Patients (n = 85) were 47.9 ± 15.2 years of age, 54% were female, with a mean serum creatinine of 1.3 ± 0.7 mg/dL and estimated glomerular filtration rate of 64.2 ± 25.6 mL/min. Patients had autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (48.2%), nephrolithiasis (31.1%), chronic kidney disease (4.7%), or other genetic or cystic conditions impacting the kidney (12.9%). Nutrient intake was measured utilizing a 3-day food record. Food records and urine collections were compared using the values, correlations, and general linear models. Fluid intake demonstrated the highest agreement (ratio 1.01) and calcium demonstrated the least agreement (ratio 6.30). Significant correlations were demonstrated for phosphorus (r = 0.321, P = .003), magnesium (r = 0.256, P = .018), protein (r = 0.555, P < .000), and fluid (r = 0.277, P = .010) intake. Food record intake of potassium (P = .046), protein (P = .004), and fluid (P = .010) were significant predictors of 24-hour urine excretion. CONCLUSION 3-day food records are useful tools to determine patient dietary patterns, but should be used with caution when assessing specific nutrient intake in clinical settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie V Betz
- Chronic Kidney Disease Nutrition & Education Specialist, Section of Nephrology, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
| | - Fredric L Coe
- Professor of Medicine, Section of Nephrology, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Arlene B Chapman
- Chief of Section of Nephrology & Professor of Medicine, Section of Nephrology, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sánchez-Pimienta TG, Quezada-Sánchez AD, Rivera JA, Shamah T, Batis C. Nutrient composition of mealtimes and its association with the energy intake of subsequent meals among Mexican adults. Appetite 2021; 164:105288. [PMID: 33964396 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The composition of the diet influences energy intake by affecting satiety. Macronutrients have a hierarchical effect on satiety, where proteins have the greatest influence, followed by carbohydrates and fats. Alcohol consumption has also shown an effect on increasing energy intake in subsequent meals. Most of this evidence comes from studies under controlled conditions but, it is not clear if effects of diet composition are maintained or counteracted by other determinants of EI in real life. In this paper, we described the diet composition by mealtime in a sample of free-living Mexican adults, as well as evaluated its association with the energy intake in subsequent meals between- and within-subjects. We used information from a national cross-sectional survey of the urban Mexican population. Dietary information was collected by an automated multiple-pass 24-h recall and all participants had information from three non-consecutive days (two weekdays and one weekend). We analyzed information from adults from 20 years and older and used mixed-effects hybrid models that isolate the intra-subject, from the between-subject associations using a substitution approach. We found that alcohol and added sugars were associated with an increased EI between- and within-subjects, while fiber was associated with a decreased EI in subsequent meals within-subjects. Between-subjects, the higher intake of proteins was associated with a decrease in EI, whereas carbohydrates were associated with an increased EI in subsequent meals. We concluded that the composition of the diet at one mealtime predicted EI in subsequent meals of free-living subjects. Understanding the effects of diet composition could guide strategies to reduce EI and obesity prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tania G Sánchez-Pimienta
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Avenida Universidad 655 Colonia Santa María Ahuacatitlán, Cuernavaca, CP, 62100, Mexico
| | - Amado D Quezada-Sánchez
- Center for Evaluation and Surveys Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Juan A Rivera
- General Director, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Teresa Shamah
- Center for Evaluation and Surveys Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Carolina Batis
- CONACYT-Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, 7a Cerrada de Fray Pedro de Gante No. 50, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City, CP, 14080, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lohse B, Faulring K, Mitchell DC, Cunningham-Sabo L. A Definition of "Regular Meals" Driven by Dietary Quality Supports a Pragmatic Schedule. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092667. [PMID: 32882978 PMCID: PMC7551846 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Public health guidelines advise eating regular meals without defining “regular.” This study constructed a meaning for “regular” meals congruent with dietary quality. Parents of 4th grade youth in a school-based intervention (Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02491294) completed three, ASA24 online 24-h dietary recalls. Differences in time of intake across days for breakfasts, lunches, dinners were categorized with consistency denoted as always, often/sometimes or rarely/never and assigned values of 3, 2 or 1, respectively. Meal-specific values were summed to form mealtime regularity scores (mReg) ranging from 3 (low) to 9. Healthy eating index (HEI) scores were compared to mReg controlling for weekday/weekend recall pattern. Linear regression predicted HEI scores from mReg. Parents (n = 142) were non-Hispanic white (92%), female (88%) and educated (73%). One mReg version, mReg1 was significantly associated with total HEI, total fruit, whole fruit, tended to correlate with total protein, seafood/plant protein subcomponents. mReg1 predicted total HEI (p = 0.001) and was inversely related to BMI (p = 0.04). A score of three (always) was awarded to breakfasts, lunches or dinners with day-to-day differences of 0–60 min; also, lunches/dinners with one interval of 60–120 min when two meals were ≤60 min apart. More rigid mReg versions were not associated with dietary quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Lohse
- Wegmans School of Health and Nutrition, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-814-880-9977
| | - Kathryn Faulring
- Wegmans School of Health and Nutrition, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, USA;
| | - Diane C. Mitchell
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, Centre County, PA 16801, USA;
| | - Leslie Cunningham-Sabo
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hart CN, Jelalian E, Raynor HA. Behavioral and social routines and biological rhythms in prevention and treatment of pediatric obesity. AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2020; 75:152-162. [PMID: 32052991 PMCID: PMC7839074 DOI: 10.1037/amp0000599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of research supports the potential importance of behavioral and social routines for children's health promotion and obesity risk reduction. Evidence in support of this comes from multiple lines of research, which suggest that specific behavioral routines, namely, eating and sleep routines, may be protective against excessive weight gain and development of pediatric obesity. Emerging work also supports the potential importance of the timing of these behavioral routines. From a circadian perspective, alignment of behavioral and social routines with underlying circadian rhythms may be particularly important for enhancing children's weight regulation. Specifically, engaging in appropriately timed behavioral routines may serve to entrain circadian rhythms that affect metabolism and weight regulation. Thus, in addition to promoting healthier eating, activity, and sleep behaviors for prevention and treatment of pediatric obesity, it may also be important to consider promotion of consistency in, and optimal timing of, these behaviors in an effort to enhance extant prevention and treatment approaches. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chantelle N Hart
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, College of Public Health, Temple University
| | - Elissa Jelalian
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University
| | - Hollie A Raynor
- Department of Nutrition, College of Education, Health and Human Sciences, University of Tennessee
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Barrington WE, Beresford SAA. Eating Occasions, Obesity and Related Behaviors in Working Adults: Does it Matter When You Snack? Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102320. [PMID: 31581416 PMCID: PMC6835708 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Reported relationships between frequency, type, and timing of eating occasions and obesity-risk among adults are mixed while associations with obesogenic eating behaviors remain unexplored. The Physical Activity and Changes in Eating (PACE) study was a group-randomized controlled trial to prevent weight gain among 34 small worksites in Seattle from 2005-2009. Baseline surveys assessed body mass index (BMI), obesogenic eating behaviors (e.g., fast food and distracted-eating), and eating occasions (i.e., snacks and meals) among 2265 employees. BMI and waist circumference were measured on a subset (n = 567). Time-periods for analyses included: morning (12:00 a.m. to 10:59 a.m.), mid-day (11:00 a.m. to 4:29 p.m.), and evening (4:30 p.m. to 11:59 p.m.). Multilevel linear models estimated associations between snack timing, obesity, and related behaviors while adjusting for meal timing, gender, and worksite random effects. Greater morning snacking was associated with increased fruit and vegetable consumption, while greater evening snacking was associated with higher BMI, higher obesogenic dietary index (intake of fast food, French fries, and soft drinks), and higher percent time eating while distracted. Associations with mid-day snacking were mixed. Patterns of association were consistent across repeated and objective measures. Findings suggest that evening snacking is more detrimental to healthy weight compared to snacking at other times of day. Reducing evening snacks may be an important and simple message for population-level obesity prevention efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wendy E Barrington
- Department of Child, Family, and Population Health Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
- Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Shirley A A Beresford
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
- Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
van Woerden I, Hruschka D, Schaefer DR, Fine KL, Bruening M. Evaluating Potential Behavioral Mediators for Increasing Similarity in Friends' Body Size among College Students. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11091996. [PMID: 31450804 PMCID: PMC6770838 DOI: 10.3390/nu11091996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
College students and their friends become more similar in weight status over time. However, it is unclear which mediators explain this relationship. Using validated survey measures of diet, physical activity, alcohol intake, sleep behaviors, mental health, and food security status, we take a comprehensive look at possible factors associated with excess weight gain that may explain friends’ convergence on body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, waist to hip ratio, and waist to height ratio over time. We use linear mixed models applied to a longitudinal dataset of first-year college students to examine whether these variables satisfy two criteria for potential candidate mediators of friends’ influence on anthropometrics—cross-sectional similarity among friends (n = 509) and longitudinal associations with increasing anthropometrics (n = 428). While friends were similar on some survey measures (such as dining hall use, home cooked meal consumption, fruit intake, alcohol intake, hours of sleep, and stress). Only dining hall use and stress emerged as potential explanations for why friends’ BMI and anthropometric change may be similar. Given that only a few variables satisfied the two criteria as potential mediators, future research may need to consider alternative measurement approaches, including real-time assessments, objective measurements, and alternative factors causing the convergence of friends’ and college students’ body size over time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene van Woerden
- College of Nursing, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID 83209, USA
| | - Daniel Hruschka
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - David R Schaefer
- Department of Sociology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Kimberly L Fine
- Department of Applied Health Science, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Meg Bruening
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Eating frequency and weight status in Portuguese children aged 3-9 years: results from the cross-sectional National Food, Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey 2015-2016. Public Health Nutr 2019; 22:2793-2802. [PMID: 31111807 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980019000661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate daily eating frequency (main meals and snacks) in relation to weight status in children aged 3-9 years, representative of the Portuguese population. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. Dietary intake was estimated as the mean of two non-consecutive days of food diaries, followed by face-to-face interviews. Weight and height were measured by trained observers. Eating occasions (EO) were defined by the children's caregiver; an EO was considered separate if the time of consumption was different from other EO and it provided at least 209 kJ (50 kcal). Main meals defined as 'breakfast', 'lunch' and 'dinner' could be selected only once per day. The remaining EO were considered snacks. The association between eating frequency and overweight/obesity was evaluated through logistic regressions weighted for the population distribution. SETTING National Food, Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey of the Portuguese population, 2015-2016. PARTICIPANTS Portuguese children aged 3-9 years with complete dietary data and anthropometric measurements (n 517). RESULTS Overall, the number of daily EO ranged from 3·5 to 11, and on average children had 5·7 daily EO. After adjustment for child's sex, age and total energy intake, and considering only plausible energy intake reporters, having < 3 snacks/d was positively associated with being overweight/obese (OR = 1·98; 95 % CI 1·00, 3·90), compared with having ≥ 3 snacks/d. CONCLUSIONS Lower daily frequency of EO was associated with increased odds of being overweight or obese in children. A higher eating frequency, maintaining the same energy intake, seems to contribute to a healthy body weight in children.
Collapse
|
15
|
Almiron-Roig E, Majumdar A, Vaughan D, Jebb SA. Exploring the Experiences of People with Obesity Using Portion Control Tools-A Qualitative Study. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1095. [PMID: 31108869 PMCID: PMC6567225 DOI: 10.3390/nu11051095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Large portion sizes increase consumption and eating smaller portions is recommended as a weight control strategy. However, many people report difficulties enacting this advice. This study examined the experience of individuals using two commercially available portion-control tools to try to manage their weight. In a crossover design, 29 adults with obesity (18 women) who had attended a previous weight loss intervention in the community were invited to use two portion-control tool sets over a period of four weeks (two weeks each) and to complete a semi-structured questionnaire about their experience. The tools were a guided crockery set (sector plate, calibrated bowl, and calibrated glass) and a set of calibrated serving spoons (one for starch, one for protein, and one for vegetables). Data were analyzed using thematic framework analysis. A key theme was related to the educational benefits of the tools, such as generating awareness, guidance, and gaining an independent ability to judge appropriate portions. Other key themes were tool usability, acceptability, and feasibility of usage. Barriers identified by participants included unclear markings/instructions and the inconvenience of using the tool when eating away from home. Overall, the tools were perceived to be educationally useful, easy to use, and potentially effective for learning to control portions, which suggested that these instruments could help in weight management interventions alongside other strategies. Elements of the tool design could influence the ability of participants to adhere to using the tool, and hence allow the educational effect to be mediated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Almiron-Roig
- MRC Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge CB1 9NL, UK.
- Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNa), 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | | | - David Vaughan
- Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board, Bangor LL57 2PW, UK.
| | - Susan A Jebb
- MRC Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge CB1 9NL, UK.
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Marangoni F, Martini D, Scaglioni S, Sculati M, Donini LM, Leonardi F, Agostoni C, Castelnuovo G, Ferrara N, Ghiselli A, Giampietro M, Maffeis C, Porrini M, Barbi B, Poli A. Snacking in nutrition and health. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2019; 70:909-923. [PMID: 30969153 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2019.1595543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Many studies suggest that distributing energy and nutrient intake across 4-5 eating occasions/day (rather than across three standard meals) could favourably affect human health. The inclusion of 1-2 snacks in the daily pattern alleviates the potential digestive and metabolic overload caused by fewer heavier meals and might contribute to meet recommendations for food groups (e.g. fruits, dairy) and nutrients like fibre and vitamins. The snack composition should be evaluated taking into account the whole day's diet. In early and late ages, and for specific population groups, snacking may need to follow particular characteristics in order to be optimal, both in terms of composition and timing. This document, which is the result of a collaboration of experts across several fields of research, intends to provide a review of the current scientific literature on meal frequency and health, highlighting the beneficial effects of correct snack consumption across the human lifespan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniela Martini
- Nutrition Foundation of Italy , Milan , Italy.,Department of Veterinary Sciences, The Laboratory of Phytochemicals in Physiology, Human Nutrition Unit, University of Parma , Parma , Italy
| | - Silvia Scaglioni
- Fondazione De Marchi-Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico , Milan , Italy
| | - Michele Sculati
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca , Milan , Italy
| | | | | | - Carlo Agostoni
- Pediatric Intermediate Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico , Milan , Italy.,DISCCO (Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health), University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Gianluca Castelnuovo
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Psychology Research Laboratory , Verbania , Italy.,Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Nicola Ferrara
- Italian Society of Gerontology and Geriatrics and Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples Federico II , Naples , Italy
| | - Andrea Ghiselli
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria, CREA-Alimenti e Nutrizione , Rome , Italy
| | | | - Claudio Maffeis
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, Verona University , Verona , Italy
| | - Marisa Porrini
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Division of Human Nutrition, University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | | | - Andrea Poli
- Nutrition Foundation of Italy , Milan , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Pentikäinen S, Tanner H, Karhunen L, Kolehmainen M, Poutanen K, Pennanen K. Mobile Phone App for Self-Monitoring of Eating Rhythm: Field Experiment. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2019; 7:e11490. [PMID: 30916657 PMCID: PMC6456829 DOI: 10.2196/11490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Temporal aspects of eating are an integral part of healthy eating, and regular eating has been associated with good diet quality and more successful weight control. Unfortunately, irregular eating is becoming more common. Self-monitoring of behavior has been found to be an efficient behavioral change technique, but the solution should be simple enough to ensure long-lasting adherence. Objective This study aimed to explore the influence of self-monitoring of daily eating pattern with mobile phone app on eating rhythm, eating behavior tendencies, and the underlying motives and attitudes related to eating. Methods A mobile phone app, Button, was developed for effortless self-monitoring of eating rhythm. The feasibility of the app was tested in a 30-day intervention. The participants (N=74) recorded their eating occasions during the intervention by pressing a button in the app widget. Results The average interval between meals increased (96 [SD 24] min during the first 10 days vs 109.1[SD 36.4] during the last 10 days) and the number of daily eating occasions decreased (4.9 [SD 0.9] during the first 10 days vs 4.4 [SD 0.9] during the last 10 days). The tendencies for cognitive restraint, emotional eating, and uncontrolled eating increased. Eating-related attitudes and motives remained largely unchanged. Conclusions These results indicate that a simple self-monitoring tool is able to draw a user’s attention to eating and is a potential tool to aid people to change their eating rhythm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hannu Tanner
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Oulu, Finland
| | - Leila Karhunen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Marjukka Kolehmainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kaisa Poutanen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Espoo, Finland
| | - Kyösti Pennanen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Espoo, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Potter C, Griggs RL, Brunstrom JM, Rogers PJ. Breaking the fast: Meal patterns and beliefs about healthy eating style are associated with adherence to intermittent fasting diets. Appetite 2018; 133:32-39. [PMID: 30339785 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2018.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Many believe that eating three meals each day is healthy and that skipping meals can be detrimental. What remains unclear is whether this belief undermines attempts to restrict energy intake by skipping meals. In an online survey, participants (N = 312) with experience of intermittent fasting (IF) reported their beliefs about healthy meal and snack frequency, as well as their non-fasting-dasy and fasting-day eating patterns. They also reported their level of concern with fasting-day meal patterns and their concern to generate fullness when selecting foods. Individuals currently following an IF diet (Current-IF dieters) and those who had previously attempted an IF diet but were non-adherent (Former-IF dieters) took part. Former-IF dieters were more likely to believe that it is healthy to eat three meals a day, punctuated by several snacks. On fasting-days, Former-IF dieters were also more likely to eat breakfast, a mid-morning snack, lunch, and a mid-afternoon snack whereas Current-IF dieters tended to save their eating for dinner and a late evening snack. Former-IF dieters were also more likely to be concerned about the negative consequences of missing a meal, to eat in anticipation of future hunger, and to prioritise fullness over taste when selecting foods. These findings reveal how beliefs about a healthy eating style can play an important role in shaping dietary patterns. Interventions aimed at modifying beliefs about healthy meal patterns may promote IF diet adherence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Potter
- Nutrition and Behaviour Unit, School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, 12a Priory Road, Bristol, BS8 1TU, UK.
| | - Rebecca L Griggs
- Nutrition and Behaviour Unit, School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, 12a Priory Road, Bristol, BS8 1TU, UK
| | - Jeffrey M Brunstrom
- Nutrition and Behaviour Unit, School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, 12a Priory Road, Bristol, BS8 1TU, UK; National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, UK
| | - Peter J Rogers
- Nutrition and Behaviour Unit, School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, 12a Priory Road, Bristol, BS8 1TU, UK; National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, UK
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Brunstrom JM, Cheon BK. Do humans still forage in an obesogenic environment? Mechanisms and implications for weight maintenance. Physiol Behav 2018; 193:261-267. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
20
|
Tan X, Chapman CD, Cedernaes J, Benedict C. Association between long sleep duration and increased risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes: A review of possible mechanisms. Sleep Med Rev 2017; 40:127-134. [PMID: 29233612 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
For the last two decades research has revealed an alarming association between short sleep duration and metabolic disorders. In tandem, the hormonal, behavioral, and genetic mechanisms underlying this relationship have been extensively investigated and reviewed. However, emerging evidence is revealing that excessive sleep duration has remarkably similar deleterious effects. Unfortunately, to date there has been little attention to what drives this connection. This narrative review therefore aims to summarize existing epidemiological findings, experimental work, and most importantly putative molecular and behavioral mechanisms connecting excessive sleep duration with both obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. It will also address recent findings suggesting a worrisome bidirectional effect such that metabolic disorders create a positive feedback loop which further perpetuates excessive sleep.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Tan
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Colin D Chapman
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonathan Cedernaes
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christian Benedict
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
The urban environment has changed vastly over past decades, which also has had an impact on our sleep and dietary patterns and possibly health outcomes. Some studies have shown that sleep duration and sleep quality has declined over past decades, especially in children. In parallel, our lifestyle and dietary patterns have also changed including more shift work, more meals outside the home or family setting and more irregular eating patterns, including breakfast skipping and late-night eating. This new area of research in nutritional sciences studying the impact of the timing of eating on health outcomes is called chrono-nutrition, and combines elements from nutritional research with chrono-biology. The objectives of this paper were to discuss secular trends in sleep patterns and related dietary patterns, introduce basic concepts and mechanisms of chrono-nutrition and discuss the evidence for the importance of sleep and chrono-nutrition in relation to health outcomes. Overall, chrono-nutrition could mediate the effects between sleep, diet and urbanisation, and more research is needed to elucidate the importance of chrono-nutrition for metabolic health and its impact on public health.
Collapse
|
22
|
Zimmerman AR, Ferriday D, Davies SR, Martin AA, Rogers PJ, Mason A, Brunstrom JM. “What time is my next meal?” delay-discounting individuals choose smaller portions under conditions of uncertainty. Appetite 2017; 116:284-290. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2017.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
23
|
Langlet B, Fagerberg P, Glossner A, Ioakimidis I. Objective quantification of the food proximity effect on grapes, chocolate and cracker consumption in a Swedish high school. A temporal analysis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182172. [PMID: 28797048 PMCID: PMC5552216 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Close food proximity leads to increased short-term energy intake, potentially contributing to the long-term development of obesity. However, its precise effects on eating behaviour are still unclear, especially with food available for extended periods of time. This study involved two similar high school student groups (15–17 years old), which had ad libitum access to grapes, chocolates and crackers during an hour-long experimental session. In the distal condition the foods were placed 6 meters away from the students (n = 24), in contrast to the proximal condition (n = 17) were the food was placed near the students. The identification of the type and the quantification of the amount of each food selected, for each individual serving, was facilitated through use of food scales and video recording. In the proximal condition individuals served themselves grapes and crackers more often and consumed more chocolate than in the distal condition. In total, participants in the proximal condition ingested significantly more energy (726 kcal vs. 504 kcal; p = 0.029), without reporting higher fullness. Food proximity also affected the temporal distribution of servings, with the first five minutes of the sessions corresponding to 53.1% and 45.6% of the total energy intake for the distal and proximal conditions, respectively. After the first five minutes, the servings in the distal condition were strongly clustered in time, with many students getting food together. In the proximal condition however, students displayed an unstructured pattern of servings over time. In conclusion, this study strengthens past evidence regarding the important role of food proximity on individual energy intake and, for the first time, it associates continuous food proximity to the emergence of unstructured eating over time. These conclusions, expanded upon by future studies, could support the creation of meaningful intervention strategies based on spatially and temporally controlled food availability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Billy Langlet
- Division of Applied Neuroendocrinology, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Petter Fagerberg
- Division of Applied Neuroendocrinology, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrew Glossner
- Internationella Engelska Gymansiet Södermalm, Internationella Engelska Skolan, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ioannis Ioakimidis
- Division of Applied Neuroendocrinology, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Timmermans M, Mackenbach JD, Charreire H, Bárdos H, Compernolle S, De Bourdeaudhuij I, Oppert JM, Rutter H, McKee M, Lakerveld J. Exploring the mediating role of energy balance-related behaviours in the association between sleep duration and obesity in European adults. The SPOTLIGHT project. Prev Med 2017; 100:25-32. [PMID: 28359703 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sleep restriction is a risk factor for weight gain and obesity. Few studies have formally investigated the mediating role of energy balance-related behaviours in the sleep - obesity association. The aim of this study was to explore the mediating role of physical activity, sedentary behaviours and dietary habits in the association of sleep duration with obesity in adults in five European urban regions. Data on self-reported sleep duration, energy balance-related behaviours, height and weight and other covariates were collected between February and September 2014 from participants to the SPOTLIGHT survey (N=5900, mean age 52years). Participants were recruited from 60 urban neighbourhoods in Belgium, France, Hungary, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. Multilevel logistic regression analyses were used to assess the associations of sleep duration, energy balance-related behaviours and obesity and mediating effects were calculated using MacKinnon's product-of-coefficients method. Results indicated that a 1h increase in sleeping time was associated with a 14% lower likelihood of being obese (OR=0.86, 95%CI=0.80; 0.93). Only work-related sedentary behaviour was identified as a statistically significant mediator in the association between sleep duration and obesity for the total sample, and youngest and oldest age group. We did not find evidence for a mediating role of dietary habits and physical activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myrthe Timmermans
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joreintje D Mackenbach
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Helene Charreire
- Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN), Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Statistiques, Inserm (U1153), Inra (U1125), Cnam, COMUE Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris 13, Bobigny, France; Paris Est University, Lab-Urba, UPEC, Urban School of Paris, Créteil, France
| | - Helga Bárdos
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Sofie Compernolle
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ilse De Bourdeaudhuij
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jean-Michel Oppert
- Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN), Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Statistiques, Inserm (U1153), Inra (U1125), Cnam, COMUE Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris 13, Bobigny, France; Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris 06; Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Harry Rutter
- European Centre on Health of Societies in Transition, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Martin McKee
- European Centre on Health of Societies in Transition, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Jeroen Lakerveld
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Winkvist A, Klingberg S, Nilsson LM, Wennberg M, Renström F, Hallmans G, Boman K, Johansson I. Longitudinal 10-year changes in dietary intake and associations with cardio-metabolic risk factors in the Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study. Nutr J 2017; 16:20. [PMID: 28351404 PMCID: PMC5370464 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-017-0241-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary risks today constitute the largest proportion of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) globally and in Sweden. An increasing number of people today consume highly processed foods high in saturated fat, refined sugar and salt and low in dietary fiber, vitamins and minerals. It is important that dietary trends over time are monitored to predict changes in disease risk. METHODS In total, 15,995 individuals with two visits 10 (±1) years apart in the population-based Västerbotten Intervention Programme 1996-2014 were included. Dietary intake was captured with a 64-item food frequency questionnaire. Percent changes in intake of dietary components, Healthy Diet Score and Dietary Inflammatory Index were calculated and related to body mass index (BMI), serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels and blood pressure at the second visit in multivariable regression analyses. RESULTS For both sexes, on group level, proportion of energy intake (E%) from carbohydrates and sucrose decreased (largest carbohydrate decrease among 40 year-olds) and E% protein and total fat as well as saturated and poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) increased (highest protein increase among 30 year-olds and highest fat increase among 60 year-olds) over the 10-year period. Also, E% trans-fatty acids decreased. On individual basis, for both sexes decreases in intake of cholesterol and trans-fatty acids were associated with lower BMI and serum cholesterol at second visit (all P < 0.05). For men, increases in intake of whole grain and Healthy Diet Score were associated with lower BMI and serum cholesterol at second visit (all P < 0.05). Also for men, decreases in intake of trans-fatty acids and increases in Healthy Diet Score were associated with lower systolic blood pressure at second visit (P = 0.002 and P < 0.000). For women, increases in intake of PUFA and Healthy Diet Score were associated with lower BMI at second visit (P = 0.01 and P < 0.05). Surprisingly, increases in intake of sucrose among women were associated with lower BMI at second visit (P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS In this large population-based sample, dietary changes over 10 years towards less carbohydrates and more protein and fat were noted. Individual changes towards the Nordic dietary recommendations were associated with healthier cardio-metabolic risk factor profile at second visit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Winkvist
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Sahlgenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 459, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sofia Klingberg
- Section for Epidemiology and Social Medicine (EPSO), Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Maria Wennberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Frida Renström
- Department of Biobank Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic & Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Göran Hallmans
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kurt Boman
- Research Unit, Medicine-geriatric clinic Skellefteå, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ingegerd Johansson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Huseinovic E, Winkvist A, Slimani N, Park MK, Freisling H, Boeing H, Buckland G, Schwingshackl L, Weiderpass E, Rostgaard-Hansen AL, Tjønneland A, Affret A, Boutron-Ruault MC, Fagherazzi G, Katzke V, Kühn T, Naska A, Orfanos P, Trichopoulou A, Pala V, Palli D, Ricceri F, Santucci de Magistris M, Tumino R, Engeset D, Enget T, Skeie G, Barricarte A, Bonet CB, Chirlaque MD, Amiano P, Quirós JR, Sánchez MJ, Dias JA, Drake I, Wennberg M, Boer JMA, Ocké MC, Verschuren WMM, Lassale C, Perez-Cornago A, Riboli E, Ward H, Forslund HB. Meal patterns across ten European countries - results from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) calibration study. Public Health Nutr 2016; 19:2769-80. [PMID: 27194183 PMCID: PMC10271196 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980016001142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize meal patterns across ten European countries participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) calibration study. DESIGN Cross-sectional study utilizing dietary data collected through a standardized 24 h diet recall during 1995-2000. Eleven predefined intake occasions across a 24 h period were assessed during the interview. In the present descriptive report, meal patterns were analysed in terms of daily number of intake occasions, the proportion reporting each intake occasion and the energy contributions from each intake occasion. SETTING Twenty-seven centres across ten European countries. SUBJECTS Women (64 %) and men (36 %) aged 35-74 years (n 36 020). RESULTS Pronounced differences in meal patterns emerged both across centres within the same country and across different countries, with a trend for fewer intake occasions per day in Mediterranean countries compared with central and northern Europe. Differences were also found for daily energy intake provided by lunch, with 38-43 % for women and 41-45 % for men within Mediterranean countries compared with 16-27 % for women and 20-26 % for men in central and northern European countries. Likewise, a south-north gradient was found for daily energy intake from snacks, with 13-20 % (women) and 10-17 % (men) in Mediterranean countries compared with 24-34 % (women) and 23-35 % (men) in central/northern Europe. CONCLUSIONS We found distinct differences in meal patterns with marked diversity for intake frequency and lunch and snack consumption between Mediterranean and central/northern European countries. Monitoring of meal patterns across various cultures and populations could provide critical context to the research efforts to characterize relationships between dietary intake and health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Huseinovic
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 459, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - A Winkvist
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 459, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - N Slimani
- Dietary Exposure Assessment Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - MK Park
- Dietary Exposure Assessment Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - H Freisling
- Dietary Exposure Assessment Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - H Boeing
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - G Buckland
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Schwingshackl
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - E Weiderpass
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway – Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - A Tjønneland
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A Affret
- Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, UVSQ, CESP, INSERM, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - MC Boutron-Ruault
- Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, UVSQ, CESP, INSERM, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - G Fagherazzi
- Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, UVSQ, CESP, INSERM, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - V Katzke
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T Kühn
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Naska
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
- WHO Collaborating Center for Nutrition and Health, Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology and Nutrition in Public Health, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - P Orfanos
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
- WHO Collaborating Center for Nutrition and Health, Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology and Nutrition in Public Health, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - A Trichopoulou
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
- WHO Collaborating Center for Nutrition and Health, Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology and Nutrition in Public Health, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - V Pala
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - D Palli
- Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute – ISPO, Florence, Italy
| | - F Ricceri
- Unit of Epidemiology, Regional Health Service ASL TO3, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - R Tumino
- Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, ‘Civic – M.P. Arezzo’ Hospital, ASP Ragusa, Ragusa, Italy
| | - D Engeset
- Norwegian Food Safety Authority, Head Office, Oslo, Norway
| | - T Enget
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - G Skeie
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - A Barricarte
- Navarra Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - CB Bonet
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - MD Chirlaque
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
- Department of Health and Social Sciences, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - P Amiano
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - JR Quirós
- Public Health Directorate, Asturias, Spain
| | - MJ Sánchez
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - JA Dias
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - I Drake
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - M Wennberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - JMA Boer
- Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - MC Ocké
- Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - WMM Verschuren
- Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - C Lassale
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - A Perez-Cornago
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - E Riboli
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - H Ward
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - H Bertéus Forslund
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 459, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Riis J, Fisher J, Rowe S. How food marketers can sell smaller portions: Consumer insights and product innovation. Appetite 2016; 103:423-424. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
28
|
Meal irregularity and cardiometabolic consequences: results from observational and intervention studies. Proc Nutr Soc 2016; 75:475-486. [DOI: 10.1017/s0029665116000239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Studying irregular meal patterns fits in with the latest research focusing not only on what people eat but also when they eat, also called chrono-nutrition. Chrono-nutrition involves studying the impact of nutrition on metabolism via circadian patterns, including three aspects of time: (ir)regularity, frequency and clock time. The present paper aimed to narratively review research on irregular meal patterns and cardiometabolic consequences. Only few cross-sectional studies and prospective cohort studies were identified, and most of these suggested that eating meals irregularly is associated with a higher risk of the metabolic syndrome and cardiometabolic risk factors, including BMI and blood pressure. This was supported by two randomised controlled intervention studies showing that consuming meals regularly for 2 weeks v. an irregular meal pattern, led to beneficial impact on cardiometabolic risk factors as lower peak insulin, lower fasting total and LDL-cholesterol, both in lean and obese women. In conclusion, the limited evidence on meal regularity and cardiometabolic consequences supports the hypothesis that consuming meals irregularly is adversely associated with cardiometabolic risk. However, it also highlights the need for more large-scale studies, including detailed dietary assessment to further advance the understanding of the impact of chrono-nutrition on public health.
Collapse
|