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Oliveira A, Fidalgo A, Farinatti P, Monteiro W. Effects of high-intensity interval and continuous moderate aerobic training on fitness and health markers of older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2024; 124:105451. [PMID: 38718488 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2024.105451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-intensity interval training (HIIT) promotes similar or superior gains in physical fitness and health compared to continuous moderate-intensity training (MICT) in young individuals. However, the effectiveness of HIIT in older adults is uncertain. OBJECTIVE This meta-analysis compared the effects of HIIT and MICT on cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, vascular, metabolic, and hormonal variables, cognitive function, and quality of life in older adults. METHODS PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science, Scopus, and SportDiscus databases were searched from inception until December 2023. Trials included adults ≥ 60 y. Hedge's effect sizes (g) were calculated and study quality and features of training interventions were tested as moderators. RESULTS Twenty-nine trials including 1,227 subjects (65.4 ± 3.3 y). HIIT and MICT elicited significant (p < 0.021) and similar (p > 0.156) 'gs' for VO2max (0.722 vs. 0.490), maximal workload/peak power output ratio (0.290 vs. 0.372),% fat (-0.297 vs. -0.262), glycemia (-0.273 vs. -0.334), systolic (-0.465 vs. -0.341), and diastolic blood pressure (-0.566 vs. -2.311). HIIT (p < 0.04) but not MICT (p > 0.170) produced significant 'gs' for fat mass (-0.245 vs. -0.103), waist circumference (-0.239 vs. -0.116), testosterone (0.339 vs. 0.170), and complex Stroop test (-0.595 vs. -0.250). Increases in the VO2max occurred only in controlled trials after HIIT but not MICT (Q = 6.286, p = 0.012; HITT-g = 1.068, p < 0.0001 vs. MICT-g = 0.109, p= 0.596). CONCLUSION HIIT and MICT produced similar changes in most of the investigated variables. In trials with greater quality (controlled vs. non-controlled trials), cardiorespiratory gains were higher in HIIT vs. MICT. These findings suggest that HIIT might be suitable for improving fitness and health in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Oliveira
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion (LABSAU), Graduate Program in Exercise Science and Sports, Institute of Physical Education and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State. Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, sala 8121F, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 20550-900, Brazil; Graduate Program in Physical Activity Sciences, Salgado de Oliveira University, Bloco A, Rua Marechal Deodoro, 217, bloco A, Centro, Niteroi, RJ, CEP 24030-060, Brazil
| | - Andressa Fidalgo
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion (LABSAU), Graduate Program in Exercise Science and Sports, Institute of Physical Education and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State. Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, sala 8121F, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 20550-900, Brazil
| | - Paulo Farinatti
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion (LABSAU), Graduate Program in Exercise Science and Sports, Institute of Physical Education and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State. Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, sala 8121F, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 20550-900, Brazil
| | - Walace Monteiro
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion (LABSAU), Graduate Program in Exercise Science and Sports, Institute of Physical Education and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State. Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, sala 8121F, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 20550-900, Brazil; Graduate Program in Physical Activity Sciences, Salgado de Oliveira University, Bloco A, Rua Marechal Deodoro, 217, bloco A, Centro, Niteroi, RJ, CEP 24030-060, Brazil.
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Dos Anjos Souza VR, Vivan L, Seffrin A, Vallini L, de Paula Domingos F, de Lira CAB, Vancini RL, Weiss K, Rosemann T, Knechtle B, Andrade MS. Impact of aging on maximal oxygen uptake in female runners and sedentary controls. Exp Gerontol 2024; 193:112476. [PMID: 38830478 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
The present study aimed to compare V̇O2max (absolute, adjusted to total body mass, and adjusted to lean mass) in recreational runners and sedentary women < and > 50 yr and verify the effect of aging and physical activity level on the three types of V̇O2 max expression. The study included 147 women:85 runners (45.7 ± 14.1 yr) and 62 sedentary controls (48.8 ± 9.8 yr). They were subjected to cardiopulmonary exercise testing for V̇O2 max measurement and a body composition test by dual-emission X-ray absorptiometry system. V̇O2max were expressed as absolute values (L/min), relative to total body mass values (mL/kg/min), and relative to lean mass values (mL/kgLM/min). The two-way analysis of variance revealed a significant interaction [F(2,131) = 4.43, p < 0.001] and effects of age group [F(2,131) = 32.79, p < 0.001] and physical activity group [F(2,131) = 55.64, p < 0.001] on V̇O2max (mL/min). V̇O2max (mL/kg/min) and V̇O2 max (mL/kgLM/min) were significantly influenced by age and physical activity levels. The multiple regression model explains 76.2 % of the dependent variable V̇O2max (mL/kg/min), age (β = -0.335, t = -7.841, p < 0.001), and physical activity group (β = -0.784, t = -18.351, p < 0.001). In conclusion, female runners had higher V̇O2 max values than sedentary women at all ages, even though aging has a greater impact on V̇O2 max in the runners group. In addition to cardiorespiratory fitness, women's metabolic lean mass function, as measured by V̇O2max adjusted by lean mass, is significantly influenced by aging. Finally, physical activity has a greater impact on V̇O2 max levels than aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lavínia Vivan
- Postgraduate Program in Translation Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aldo Seffrin
- Postgraduate Program in Translation Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucca Vallini
- Postgraduate Program in Translation Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabio de Paula Domingos
- Postgraduate Program in Translation Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Claudio Andre Barbosa de Lira
- Human and Exercise Physiology Division, Faculty of Physical Education and Dance, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Luiz Vancini
- Center for Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Katja Weiss
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Thomas Rosemann
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Beat Knechtle
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Medbase St. Gallen Am Vadianplatz, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
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Walters GWM, Yeo JL, Bilak JM, Pepper C, Gulsin GS, Freeman SC, Gray LJ, McCANN GP, Brady EM. The Effectiveness of Lifestyle Interventions in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. J Card Fail 2024; 30:994-1009. [PMID: 38428727 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2024.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To perform a network meta-analysis to determine the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions in exercise tolerance and quality of life (QoL) in people with HFpEF. METHODS Ten databases were searched for randomized controlled trials that evaluated a diet and/or exercise intervention in people with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction until May 2022. The co-primary outcomes were peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2peak) and Quality of Life as assessed by the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ). We synthesized data using network meta-analysis. RESULTS We identified 13 trials, including a total of 869 participants, and we incorporated 6 different interventions. Improvements in V̇O2peak compared to controls were seen for all exercise interventions (2.88 [95% CI: 1.36; 4.39] mL/kg/min) for high-intensity interval training (HIIT); 2.37 [95% CI: 1.02; 3.71] mL/kg/min for low-intensity exercise (LIT) combined with a hypocaloric diet; 2.05 [95% CI: 0.81; 3.29] mL/kg/min for moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT); 1.94 [95% CI: 0.59; 3.29] mL/kg/min for LIT; 1.85 [95% CI: 0.27; 3.44] mL/kg/min for MICT combined with resistance training) but not a hypocaloric diet alone (1.26 [95%CI: -0.08; 2.61] mL/kg/min). Only HIIT (-14.45 [95%CI: -24.81; -4.10] points) and LIT (95% CI: -11.05 [-20.55; -1.54] mL/kg/min) significantly improved MLHFQ scores. Network meta-analysis indicated that HIIT was the most effective intervention for improving both V̇O2peak (mean improvement 2.88 [95% CI: 1.36; 4.39] mL/kg/min, follow-up range, 4 weeks-3 years) and QoL (-14.45 [95% CI: -24.81; -4.10] points, follow-up range, 12-26 weeks) compared to usual care. CONCLUSIONS This network meta-analysis indicates that HIIT is the most effective lifestyle intervention studied to improve exercise capacity and QoL, with mean improvements exceeding the minimum clinically meaningful thresholds. HIIT is likely to be an underused management strategy in HFpEF, but further studies are needed to confirm long-term improvements in symptoms and clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace W M Walters
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK; National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK.
| | - Jian L Yeo
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK; National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
| | - Joanna M Bilak
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK; National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
| | - Coral Pepper
- University Hospitals Leicester, Headquarters Level 3, Balmoral Building Leicester Royal Infirmary, Infirmary Square Leicester, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Gaurav S Gulsin
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK; National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
| | - Suzanne C Freeman
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Laura J Gray
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Gerry P McCANN
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK; National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
| | - Emer M Brady
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK; National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
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Plini ERG, Melnychuk MC, Andrews R, Boyle R, Whelan R, Spence JS, Chapman SB, Robertson IH, Dockree PM. Greater physical fitness ( VO 2 max ) in healthy older adults associated with increased integrity of the locus coeruleus-noradrenergic system. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14191. [PMID: 38895950 PMCID: PMC11250687 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
AIM Physical activity (PA) is a key component for brain health and Reserve, and it is among the main dementia protective factors. However, the neurobiological mechanisms underpinning Reserve are not fully understood. In this regard, a noradrenergic (NA) theory of cognitive reserve (Robertson, 2013) has proposed that the upregulation of NA system might be a key factor for building reserve and resilience to neurodegeneration because of the neuroprotective role of NA across the brain. PA elicits an enhanced catecholamine response, in particular for NA. By increasing physical commitment, a greater amount of NA is synthetised in response to higher oxygen demand. More physically trained individuals show greater capabilities to carry oxygen resulting in greaterVo 2 max - a measure of oxygen uptake and physical fitness (PF). METHODS We hypothesized that greaterVo 2 max would be related to greater Locus Coeruleus (LC) MRI signal intensity. In a sample of 41 healthy subjects, we performed Voxel-Based Morphometry analyses, then repeated for the other neuromodulators as a control procedure (Serotonin, Dopamine and Acetylcholine). RESULTS As hypothesized, greaterVo 2 max related to greater LC signal intensity, and weaker associations emerged for the other neuromodulators. CONCLUSION This newly established link betweenVo 2 max and LC-NA system offers further understanding of the neurobiology underpinning Reserve in relationship to PA. While this study supports Robertson's theory proposing the upregulation of the NA system as a possible key factor building Reserve, it also provides ground for increasing LC-NA system resilience to neurodegeneration viaVo 2 max enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele R G Plini
- Department of Psychology, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael C Melnychuk
- Department of Psychology, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ralph Andrews
- Department of Psychology, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rory Boyle
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert Whelan
- Department of Psychology, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jeffrey S Spence
- Center for BrainHealth, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Sandra B Chapman
- Center for BrainHealth, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Ian H Robertson
- Department of Psychology, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Psychology, Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Paul M Dockree
- Department of Psychology, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Lim MW, Kalman JM. The impact of lifestyle factors on atrial fibrillation. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2024; 193:91-99. [PMID: 38838814 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2024.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF), with its significant associated morbidity and mortality contributes to significant healthcare utilisation and expenditure. Given its progressively rising incidence, strategies to limit AF development and progression are urgently needed. Lifestyle modification is a potentially potent but underutilised weapon against the AF epidemic. The purpose of this article is to review the role of lifestyle factors as risk factors for AF, outline potential mechanisms of pathogenesis and examine the available evidence for lifestyle intervention in primary and secondary AF prevention. It will also highlight the need for investment by physicians, researchers, health services and governments in order to facilitate delivery of the comprehensive, multidisciplinary AF care that is required to manage this complex and multifactorial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Lim
- Department of Cardiology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jonathan M Kalman
- Department of Cardiology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; The Baker Heart and Diabetes Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
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Silva Oliveira P, Boppre G, Fonseca H. Comparison of Polarized Versus Other Types of Endurance Training Intensity Distribution on Athletes' Endurance Performance: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis. Sports Med 2024; 54:2071-2095. [PMID: 38717713 PMCID: PMC11329428 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-024-02034-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polarized training intensity distribution (POL) was recently suggested to be superior to other training intensity distribution (TID) regimens for endurance performance improvement. OBJECTIVE We aimed to systematically review and meta-analyze evidence comparing POL to other TIDs on endurance performance. METHODS PRISMA guidelines were followed. The protocol was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42022365117). PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched up to 20 October 2022 for studies in adults and young adults for ≥ 4 weeks comparing POL with other TID interventions regarding VO2peak, time-trial (TT), time to exhaustion (TTE) or speed or power at the second ventilatory or lactate threshold (V/P at VT2/LT2). Risk of bias was assessed with RoB-2 and ROBINS-I. Certainty of evidence was assessed with GRADE. Results were analyzed by random effects meta-analysis using standardized mean differences. RESULTS Seventeen studies met the inclusion criteria (n = 437 subjects). Pooled effect estimates suggest POL superiority for improving VO2peak (SMD = 0.24 [95% CI 0.01, 0.48]; z = 2.02 (p = 0.040); 11 studies, n = 284; I2 = 0%; high certainty of evidence). Superiority, however, only occurred in shorter interventions (< 12 weeks) (SMD = 0.40 [95% CI 0.08, 0.71; z = 2.49 (p = 0.01); n = 163; I2 = 0%) and for highly trained athletes (SMD = 0.46 [95% CI 0.10, 0.82]; z = 2.51 (p = 0.01); n = 125; I2 = 0%). The remaining endurance performance surrogates were similarly affected by POL and other TIDs: TT (SMD = - 0.01 [95% CI -0.28, 0.25]; z = - 0.10 (p = 0.92); n = 221; I2 = 0%), TTE (SMD = 0.30 [95% CI - 0.20, 0.79]; z = 1.18 (p = 0.24); n = 66; I2 = 0%) and V/P VT2/LT2 (SMD = 0.04 [95% CI -0.21, 0.29]; z = 0.32 (p = 0.75); n = 253; I2 = 0%). Risk of bias for randomized controlled trials was rated as of some concern and for non-randomized controlled trials as low risk of bias (two studies) and some concerns (one study). CONCLUSIONS POL is superior to other TIDs for improving VO2peak, particularly in shorter duration interventions and highly trained athletes. However, the effect of POL was similar to that of other TIDs on the remaining surrogates of endurance performance. The results suggest that POL more effectively improves aerobic power but is similar to other TIDs for improving aerobic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Silva Oliveira
- Faculty of Sport, Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), University of Porto, Rua Dr. Plácido Costa, 91, 4200-450, Porto, Portugal.
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal.
| | - Giorjines Boppre
- Faculty of Sport, Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), University of Porto, Rua Dr. Plácido Costa, 91, 4200-450, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal
- Nucleus of Research in Human Movement Science, University Adventista, 3780000, Chillan, Chile
| | - Hélder Fonseca
- Faculty of Sport, Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), University of Porto, Rua Dr. Plácido Costa, 91, 4200-450, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal
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Matomäki P, Heinonen OJ, Nummela A, Kyröläinen H. Endurance training volume cannot entirely substitute for the lack of intensity. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0307275. [PMID: 39038041 PMCID: PMC11262642 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0307275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Very low intensity endurance training (LIT) does not seem to improve maximal oxygen uptake. The purpose of the present study was to investigate if very high volume of LIT could compensate the lack of intensity and is LIT affecting differently low and high intensity performances. METHODS Recreationally active untrained participants (n = 35; 21 females) cycled either LIT (mean training time 6.7 ± 0.7 h / week at 63% of maximal heart rate, n = 16) or high intensity training (HIT) (1.6 ± 0.2 h /week, n = 19) for 10 weeks. Two categories of variables were measured: Low (first lactate threshold, fat oxidation at low intensity exercise, post-exercise recovery) and high (aerobic capacity, second lactate threshold, sprinting power, maximal stroke volume) intensity performance. RESULTS Only LIT enhanced pooled low intensity performance (LIT: p = 0.01, ES = 0.49, HIT: p = 0.20, ES = 0.20) and HIT pooled high intensity performance (LIT: p = 0.34, ES = 0.05, HIT: p = 0.007, ES = 0.48). CONCLUSIONS Overall, very low endurance training intensity cannot fully be compensated by high training volume in adaptations to high intensity performance, but it nevertheless improved low intensity performance. Therefore, the intensity threshold for improving low intensity performance is lower than that for improving high intensity performance. Consequently, evaluating the effectiveness of LIT on endurance performance cannot be solely determined by high intensity performance tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pekka Matomäki
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Paavo Nurmi Centre & Unit for Health and Physical Activity, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli J. Heinonen
- Paavo Nurmi Centre & Unit for Health and Physical Activity, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Ari Nummela
- Finnish Institute of High Performance Sport KIHU, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Heikki Kyröläinen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Niyazi A, Yasrebi SMA, Yazdanian M, Mohammad Rahimi GR. High-Intensity Interval Versus Moderate-Intensity Continuous Exercise Training on Glycemic Control, Beta Cell Function, and Aerobic Fitness in Women with Type 2 Diabetes. Biol Res Nurs 2024; 26:449-459. [PMID: 38477318 DOI: 10.1177/10998004241239330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to compare the effects of High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) and Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training (MICT) on glycemic control, beta-cell function, and aerobic fitness in women with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Methods: Thirty-six women with T2DM were assigned equally to HIIT, MICT, and control (CON) groups. Participants in the exercise cohorts underwent a 12-week training regimen (three sessions per week), while the CON group maintained an inactive lifestyle. Glycaemia variables, beta-cell function, maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), lipid profiles, and body composition were assessed at baseline and post-intervention. Results: Both HIIT and MICT interventions led to significant improvements in glucose, insulin, HbA1c, and insulin resistance index. Moreover, visceral adiposity index (VAI), lipid accumulation product (LAP), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels significantly decreased in the HIIT and MICT groups after 12 weeks. Triglyceride (TG) levels decreased only after MICT, while high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels increased after both interventions. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), body mass, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC) significantly improved in all exercise groups. Notably, the HIIT group showed greater reductions in body mass compared to MICT. Nevertheless, beta-cell function remained unaltered after these two exercise regimens. Conclusion: Both HIIT and MICT interventions effectively managed T2DM in women, regardless of exercise intensity. The HIIT regimen can be considered for time-efficient lifestyle interventions in people with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arghavan Niyazi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Ayandegan-e-Sharq Healthcare Center, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Mohtaram Yazdanian
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Sanabad Golbahar Institute of Higher Education, Mashhad, Iran
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Yin M, Deng S, Chen Z, Zhang B, Zheng H, Bai M, Li H, Zhang X, Deng J, Liu Q, Little JP, Li Y. Exercise snacks are a time-efficient alternative to moderate-intensity continuous training for improving cardiorespiratory fitness but not maximal fat oxidation in inactive adults: a randomized controlled trial. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2024; 49:920-932. [PMID: 38569204 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2023-0593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The aims of this study were (1) to determine how stair-climbing-based exercise snacks (ES) compared to moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) for improving cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), and (2) to explore whether ES could improve maximal fat oxidation rate (MFO) in inactive adults. Healthy, young, inactive adults (n: 42, age: 21.6 ± 2.3 years, BMI: 22.5 ± 3.6 kg·m-2, peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak): 33.6 ± 6.3 mL·kg-1·min-1) were randomly assigned to ES, MICT, or Control. ES (n = 14) and MICT (n = 13) groups performed three sessions per week over 6 weeks, while the control group (n = 15) maintained their habitual lifestyle. ES involved 3 × 30 s "all-out" stair-climbing (6 flight, 126 steps, and 18.9 m total height) bouts separated by >1 h rest, and MICT involved 40 min × 60%-70% HRmax stationary cycling. A significant group × time interaction was found for relative VO2peak (p < 0.05) with ES significantly increasing by 7% compared to baseline (MD = 2.5 mL·kg-1·min-1 (95% CI = 1.2, 3.7), Cohen's d = 0.44), while MICT had no significant effects (MD = 1.0 mL·kg-1·min-1 (-1.1, 3.2), Cohen's d = 0.17), and Control experienced a significant decrease (MD = -1.7 mL·kg-1·min-1 (-2.9, -0.4), Cohen's d = 0.26). MFO was unchanged among the three groups (group × time interaction, p > 0.05 for all). Stair climbing-based ES are a time-efficient alternative to MICT for improving CRF among inactive adults, but the tested ES intervention appears to have limited potential to increase MFO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Yin
- School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengji Deng
- School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhili Chen
- School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Boyi Zhang
- Department of Physical Education, Exercise and Health Technology Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huakun Zheng
- School of Physical Education, Sichuan Agriculture University, Yaan, China
| | - Mingyang Bai
- School of Physical Education, Sichuan Agriculture University, Yaan, China
| | - Hansen Li
- Department of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Jianfeng Deng
- School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Liu
- School of Physical Education, Sichuan Agriculture University, Yaan, China
| | - Jonathan P Little
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Yongming Li
- School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China
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Zhang Z, Xie L, Ji H, Chen L, Gao C, He J, Lu M, Yang Q, Sun J, Li D. Effects of different work-to-rest ratios of high-intensity interval training on physical performance and physiological responses in male college judo athletes. J Exerc Sci Fit 2024; 22:245-253. [PMID: 38577388 PMCID: PMC10990747 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2024.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Zhang
- Digitalized Strength and Conditioning Training Laboratory, Guang Zhou Sport of University, Guang Zhou, China
| | - Lin Xie
- Digitalized Strength and Conditioning Training Laboratory, Guang Zhou Sport of University, Guang Zhou, China
| | - Hongshen Ji
- School of Athletic Training, Guangzhou Sport University, Guang Zhou, China
| | - Lunxin Chen
- Digitalized Strength and Conditioning Training Laboratory, Guang Zhou Sport of University, Guang Zhou, China
| | - Chong Gao
- School of Athletic Training, Guangzhou Sport University, Guang Zhou, China
| | - Jiaxin He
- School of Athletic Training, Guangzhou Sport University, Guang Zhou, China
| | - Min Lu
- School of Athletic Training, Guangzhou Sport University, Guang Zhou, China
| | - Qun Yang
- School of Athletic Training, Guangzhou Sport University, Guang Zhou, China
| | - Jian Sun
- School of Athletic Training, Guangzhou Sport University, Guang Zhou, China
| | - Duanying Li
- School of Athletic Training, Guangzhou Sport University, Guang Zhou, China
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11
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Molina-Hidalgo C, De-la-O A, Jurado-Fasoli L, Amaro-Gahete FJ, Catena A, Castillo MJ. Investigating the Alcohol Effects on the Response to Strenuous Exercise Training: Protocol for a Multidisciplinary Intervention Study in Young Healthy Adults-The BEER-HIIT Study. SUBSTANCE USE & ADDICTION JOURNAL 2024; 45:529-541. [PMID: 38804587 DOI: 10.1177/29767342241253388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is a time-efficient strategy to improve fitness and performance. Whereas the multiple and negative effects of high intake of alcohol have been widely studied, the effect of moderate alcohol doses after exercise is not clear, and it is currently under debate. For that, a total of 80 young healthy adults are studied and allocated into 5 groups, each including 16 participants. Four groups follow a HIIT program, while the fifth group is a control non-training group. The training groups will be randomized according to the characteristics of the ingested beverage (alcohol beer, beer 0.0%, sparkling water, or ethanol). The effects of HIIT on several aspects of physical performance and mental health in young healthy adults are evaluated, also the concomitant effect of daily and moderate alcohol consumption. The novelty of this study lies in the continuous measurement of the psychological parameters associated with carrying out a highly demanding training program in conjunction with alcohol consumption in moderate quantities, reflecting real-life conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Molina-Hidalgo
- Clinical and Exercise Physiology Research Group (EFFECTS 262), Department of Medical Physiology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Neuroscience Institute, AdventHealth Research Institute, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Alejandro De-la-O
- Clinical and Exercise Physiology Research Group (EFFECTS 262), Department of Medical Physiology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Lucas Jurado-Fasoli
- Clinical and Exercise Physiology Research Group (EFFECTS 262), Department of Medical Physiology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco J Amaro-Gahete
- Clinical and Exercise Physiology Research Group (EFFECTS 262), Department of Medical Physiology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Andrés Catena
- Neuroscience Institute, AdventHealth Research Institute, Orlando, FL, USA
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel J Castillo
- Clinical and Exercise Physiology Research Group (EFFECTS 262), Department of Medical Physiology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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12
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Inglis EC, Iannetta D, Rasica L, Mackie MZ, Keir DA, Macinnis MJ, Murias JM. Heavy-, Severe-, and Extreme-, but Not Moderate-Intensity Exercise Increase V̇o 2max and Thresholds after 6 wk of Training. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2024; 56:1307-1316. [PMID: 38376995 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study assessed the effect of individualized, domain-based exercise intensity prescription on changes in maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O 2max ) and submaximal thresholds. METHODS Eighty-four young healthy participants (42 females, 42 males) were randomly assigned to six age, sex, and V̇O 2max -matched groups (14 participants each). Groups performed continuous cycling in the 1) moderate (MOD), 2) lower heavy (HVY1), and 3) upper heavy-intensity (HVY2) domain; interval cycling in the form of 4) high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in the severe-intensity domain, or 5) sprint-interval training (SIT) in the extreme-intensity domain; or no exercise for 6) control (CON). All training groups, except SIT, were work-matched. Training participants completed three sessions per week for 6 wk with physiological evaluations performed at PRE, MID, and POST intervention. RESULTS Compared with the change in V̇O 2max (∆V̇O 2max ) in CON (0.1 ± 1.2 mL·kg -1 ·min -1 ), all training groups, except MOD (1.8 ± 2.7 mL·kg -1 ·min -1 ), demonstrated a significant increase ( P < 0.05). HIIT produced the highest increase (6.2 ± 2.8 mL·kg -1 ·min -1 ) followed by HVY2 (5.4 ± 2.3 mL·kg -1 ·min -1 ), SIT (4.7 ± 2.3 mL·kg -1 ·min -1 ), and HVY1 (3.3 ± 2.4 mL·kg -1 ·min -1 ), respectively. The ΔPO at the estimated lactate threshold ( θLT ) was similar across HVY1, HVY2, HIIT, and SIT, which were all greater than CON ( P < 0.05). The ΔV̇O 2 and ΔPO at θLT for MOD was not different from CON ( P > 0.05). HIIT produced the highest ΔPO at maximal metabolic steady state, which was greater than CON, MOD, and SIT ( P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that i) exercise intensity is a key component determining changes in V̇O 2max and submaximal thresholds and ii) exercise intensity domain-based prescription allows for a homogenous metabolic stimulus across individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Danilo Iannetta
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, CANADA
| | - Letizia Rasica
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, CANADA
| | - Mary Z Mackie
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, CANADA
| | - Daniel A Keir
- School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, ON, CANADA
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Racil G, Aouichaoui C, Hawani A, Signorelli P, Chamari K, Migliaccio GM, Trabelsi Y, Padulo J. The impact of interval training on adiponectin to leptin ratios and on blood pressures in severely obese adolescent girls: A randomized controlled trial. J Sports Sci 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38904424 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2024.2369447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Interval-training is widely implemented among populations with obesity to decrease metabolic-disorders; however, high-intensity-interval-training (HIIT) has rarely been studied in severely obese adolescent girls. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the effects of 8 weeks of (HIIT) or moderate-intensity interval-training (MIIT), on cardiometabolic risk factors and hormonal-ratios in severely-obese-girls. For this aim, 35 female-adolescents (14.4 ± 1.4 years) were assigned randomly into HIIT (n = 12) and MIIT (n = 12), groups and a control group (CG, n = 11). Both training groups significantly improved (p < 0.05): the body-mass, body-mass-index (BMIp95), body-fat (BF%), waist-circumference (WC), mean-arterial-pressure (MAP), with a slight increase in the HIIT group. However, HIIT induced greater improvements on the maximal oxygen uptake (VO2MAX) and the speed related (24.7 and 11.8%) compared to MIIT. Higher improvements occurred in HIIT group related to leptin and adiponectin concentrations and the A/L ratio at (p < 0.001). In conclusion, the findings indicate that both HIIT and MIIT can positively influence body composition and cardio-respiratory fitness. Given the significant correlation noted between the A/L ratio, BMIp95, BF%, and MAP post-HIIT, this training modality may be considered a more advantageous approach over MIIT for mitigating cardio-metabolic issues in severely obese adolescent girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazi Racil
- Sport Performance, Health & Society, Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Said, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Chirine Aouichaoui
- Research Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Pathophysiology: From Integral to Molecular, Biology, Medicine and Health (LR19ES09), Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Aymen Hawani
- Activity, Sport and Health, Research Unit (UR18JS01), National Observatory of Sport, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Paola Signorelli
- Biochemistry and Cell Biology Lab. Health Sciences Department, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Biochemistry Lab, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Karim Chamari
- Naufar, Wellness and Recovery Center, Doha, Qatar
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar-Said, University of La Manouba, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Gian Mario Migliaccio
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Rome Open University, Rome, Italy
| | - Yassine Trabelsi
- Research Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Pathophysiology: From Integral to Molecular, Biology, Medicine and Health (LR19ES09), Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Johnny Padulo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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14
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Chen X, Zhang T, Hu X, Wen Z, Lu W, Jiang W. High-Intensity Interval Training Programs Versus Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training for Individuals With Heart Failure: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2024:S0003-9993(24)01047-5. [PMID: 38862032 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2024.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the effect sizes of different high-intensity interval training (HIIT) protocols on cardiorespiratory parameters when compared with moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) in different heart failure (HF) subtypes. DATA SOURCES Electronic databases were searched from their inception date until January 23, 2023. STUDY SELECTION Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included if they compared HIIT with MICT in patients with HF. The primary outcome was peak oxygen consumption (Vo2peak). Two reviewers independently evaluated 99 initially identified studies, resulting in the selection of 15 RCTs that met the eligibility criteria. DATA EXTRACTION Data were extracted independently by 2 observers using a data extraction form drafted based on the CONSORT statement and the Template for Intervention Description and Replication; the methodological quality of the studies was analyzed individually based on the Tool for the Assessment of Study Quality in Exercise scale. DATA SYNTHESIS Fifteen RCTs with 553 patients with HF were included in the systematic review. The included studies had moderate to good overall methodological quality. The results showed that HIIT was generally more effective than MICT at improving Vo2peak in patients with HF (n=541, 15 RCTs; MD: 1.49 mL/kg/min; I2=66%; P<.001). However, the effect size varied depending on the HF subtype and HIIT protocol used. For patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), the long-interval (high-intensity interval lasting ≥4 min) and high-volume HIIT (high-intensity efforts in total ≥15 min) showed the largest benefits over the MICT (n=261, 6 RCTs; MD: 2.11 mL/kg/min; P<.001); followed by the short-interval (≤1 min) and high-volume HIIT (≥15 min; n=71, 3 RCTs; MD: 0.91 mL/kg/min; P=.12), and the short-interval and low-volume HIIT showed the least superiority over MICT (n=68, 3 RCTs; MD: 0.54 mL/kg/min; P=.05). For patients with HF with perceived ejection fraction, there was a modest beneficial effect from HIIT over MICT (n=141, 3 RCTs; MD: 0.55 mL/kg/min; P=.32). CONCLUSIONS The long-interval and high-volume HIIT protocol may produce greater benefits than MICT for improving cardiopulmonary fitness in patients with HFrEF. Further research is needed to determine the optimal HIIT protocol for different HF subtypes and to provide definitive recommendations for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiankun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou; Key Unit of Methodology in Clinical Research, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province
| | - Tong Zhang
- Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing; Zhen's Miscellaneous Diseases School in Lingnan (Lingnan Zhenshi Miscellaneous Diseases Genre), The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou
| | - Xiaoyue Hu
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou
| | - Zehuai Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou; Key Unit of Methodology in Clinical Research, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province
| | - Weihui Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou; Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Wei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou; Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
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15
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Wernhart S, Rassaf T. Relevance of Cardiovascular Exercise in Cancer and Cancer Therapy-Related Cardiac Dysfunction. Curr Heart Fail Rep 2024; 21:238-251. [PMID: 38696059 PMCID: PMC11090948 DOI: 10.1007/s11897-024-00662-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD) has been identified as a threat to overall and cancer-related survival. Although aerobic exercise training (AET) has been shown to improve cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), the relationship between specific exercise regimens and cancer survival, heart failure development, and reduction of CTRCD is unclear. In this review, we discuss the impact of AET on molecular pathways and the current literature of sports in the field of cardio-oncology. RECENT FINDINGS Cardio-oncological exercise trials have focused on variations of AET intensity by using moderate continuous and high intensity interval training, which are applicable, safe, and effective approaches to improve CRF. AET increases CRF, reduces cardiovascular morbidity and heart failure hospitalization and should thus be implemented as an adjunct to standard cancer therapy, although its long-term effect on CTRCD remains unknown. Despite modulating diverse molecular pathways, it remains unknown which exercise regimen, including variations of AET duration and frequency, is most suited to facilitate peripheral and central adaptations to exercise and improve survival in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Wernhart
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, West German Heart- and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147, Essen, Germany.
| | - Tienush Rassaf
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, West German Heart- and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
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16
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Greene DR, Holland-Winkler AM, Petruzzello SJ. Enjoyment and Affective Responses to Moderate and High-Intensity Exercise: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Individuals with Subsyndromal PTSD. Sports (Basel) 2024; 12:138. [PMID: 38787007 PMCID: PMC11125787 DOI: 10.3390/sports12050138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This crossover randomized controlled trial examined the acute psychological effects of a bout of moderate-intensity continuous aerobic exercise (MICE) and a bout of high-intensity functional exercise (HIFE), relative to a no-exercise sedentary control (SED), in participants (N = 21; 15 f; 24.7 ± 9.3 years) with subsyndromal post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Affective state (Energy, Tiredness, Tension, Calmness) was assessed before (Pre), immediately after (Post 0), 20-min after (Post 20), and 40-min after (Post 40) each condition. Affective valence was assessed during each condition, and exercise enjoyment was assessed at Post 0. Enjoyment was significantly greater following HIFE and MICE relative to SED. Energy was significantly increased Post 0 HIFE and MICE but decreased Post 0 SED. Tension was reduced following all conditions and was significantly lower at Post 40 relative to Pre for HIFE, MICE, and SED. Tiredness was significantly reduced at Post 40 relative to Pre following MICE only, while Calmness was significantly lower at Post 40 relative to Pre following MICE and SED. Overall, both exercise conditions were enjoyed to a greater extent than the control, but MICE may provide greater psychological benefits with respect to Calmness and Tiredness. This study is among the first to assess acute changes in affective states relative to various exercise modes in individuals living with subsyndromal PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R. Greene
- Department of Kinesiology, Augusta University, 3109 Wrightsboro Road, Augusta, GA 30909, USA;
| | | | - Steven J. Petruzzello
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 906 S. Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;
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17
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Govindasamy K, Gogoi H, Jebabli N, Bediri SM, Aljahni M, Parpa K, Clark CCT, Granacher U, Zouhal H. The effects of kettlebell training versus resistance training using the own body mass on physical fitness and physiological adaptations in obese adults: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2024; 16:106. [PMID: 38715134 PMCID: PMC11077891 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-024-00894-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
AIM OF STUDY This study aimed to explore the effects of different types of resistance training using kettlebells versus the own body mass, in comparison to a passive control, on key physical fitness and physiological parameters in young, obese adults. METHODS Data from 60 sedentary, obese male college students, aged 17-26, were used for final analyses. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups: a control group (CG, n = 20, no training), a kettlebell resistance training group (KRTG, n = 20), or a bodyweight resistance training group (BWRTG, n = 20). Selected measures of physical fitness were tested using the 12-minutes run test, the push-up test, the sit-up test, and the sit-and-reach test. Physiological measures included vital capacity, resting and maximum heart rate (HRmax), mean arterial blood pressure, breath holding time, and respiratory rate. Biochemical variables were measured in the morning, in a fasted state, and comprised high and low density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, and triglycerides. The 12-weeks progressive KRTG and BWRTG were specifically tailored using sets, repetitions, and intensity levels. RESULTS Notable findings include significant body fat reductions in BWRTG (p < 0.001; d = 1.53) and KRTG (p < 0.001; d = 1.43), and a substantial increase in VO2max for BWRTG (p < 0.001; d = 1.32) and KRTG (p < 0.001; d = 1.34) compared to CG. KRTG also showed significant improvements in vital capacity (p < 0.001; d = 1.61) and reductions in resting heart rate (p = 0.024, d = 1.05) and respiratory rate (p = 0.001, d = 1.55), with BWRTG showing similar trends (resting heart rate: p = 0.041, d = 1.35; respiratory rate: p = 0.001, d = 1.98). Both intervention groups significantly improved breath holding time (KRTG: p = 0.001, d = 1.58; BWRTG: p < 0.001, d = 1.98) and reduced total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels compared to CG. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that both KRTG and BWRTG are effective in improving body composition and selected fitness and physiological measures. Thus, resistance training using kettlebells or bodyweight training are recommended if the goal is to improve body composition and fitness in obese male adults. TRIAL REGISTRATION OSF, September, 28th 2023. https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/Z6Y9Gosf.io/2mb98.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karuppasamy Govindasamy
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Hemantajit Gogoi
- Department of Physical Education, Rajiv Gandhi University, Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh, 791112, India
| | - Nidhal Jebabli
- Research Unit: Sport Sciences, Health and Movement, Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Kef, UR22JS01, University of Jendouba, Kef, 7100, Tunisia
| | | | - Mohammed Aljahni
- College of Arts and Humanities, Department of Educational Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Koulla Parpa
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, UCLan University of Cyprus, Pyla, Cyprus
| | - Cain C T Clark
- Institute for Health and Wellbeing, Coventry University, Coventry, CV1 5FB, UK
- College of Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, B15 3TN, UK
| | - Urs Granacher
- Department of Sport and Sport Science, Exercise and Human Movement Science, University of Freiburg Sandfangweg 4, 79102, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Hassane Zouhal
- Univ Rennes, M2S (Laboratoire Mouvement, Sport, Santé), EA 1274, Rennes, F-35000, France.
- Institut International des Sciences du Sport (2IS), Irodouer, 35850, France.
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18
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Christou GA, Christou MA, Davos CH, Markozannes G, Christou KA, Mantzoukas S, Christodoulou DK, Kiortsis DN, Christou PA, Tigas S, Nikoletou D. Ergophysiological evaluation of heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction undergoing exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Hellenic J Cardiol 2024; 77:106-119. [PMID: 38246276 DOI: 10.1016/j.hjc.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to explore in heart failure (HF) patients with reduced ejection fraction (EF) undergoing exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation the following: 1) the comparison of temporal changes between peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) and first ventilatory threshold (VO2VT1), 2) the association of VO2peak and VO2VT1 changes with physiological factors, and 3) the differential effects of continuous aerobic exercise (CAE) and interval training (IT) on VO2peak and VO2VT1. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, CENTRAL, and Scopus. Inclusion criteria were 1) original research articles using exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation, 2) stable HF patients with reduced EF, 3) available values of VO2peak and VO2VT1 (in mL/kg/min) both at baseline and after exercise training with comparison between these time points. RESULTS Among the 30 eligible trials, 24 used CAE, 5 IT, and one CAE and IT. Multivariable meta-regression with duration of exercise training and percentage of males as independent variables and the change in VO2peak as a dependent variable showed that the change in VO2peak was negatively associated with duration of exercise training (coefficient=-0.061, p=0.027), implying the possible existence of a waning effect of exercise training on VO2peak in the long term. Multivariable meta-regression demonstrated that both age (coefficient=-0.140, p<0.001) and EF (coefficient=-0.149, p<0.001) could predict the change in VO2VT1, whereas only age (coefficient=-0.095, p=0.022), but not EF (coefficient = 0.082, p = 0.100), could predict the change in VO2peak. The posttraining peak respiratory exchange ratio, as an index of maximum effort during exercise testing, correlated positively with the change in VO2peak (coefficient=-0.021, p=0.044). The exercise-induced changes of VO2peak (p = 0.438) and VO2VT1 (p = 0.474) did not differ between CAE and IT groups. CONCLUSIONS Improvement of endurance capacity during cardiac rehabilitation may be detected more accurately with the assessment of VO2VT1 rather than VO2peak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios A Christou
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece; MSc Sports Cardiology, St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Maria A Christou
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece; Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Constantinos H Davos
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Markozannes
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Konstantinos A Christou
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Stefanos Mantzoukas
- Research Laboratory of Integrated Care, Health and Well-being, Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Dimitrios K Christodoulou
- Research Laboratory of Integrated Care, Health and Well-being, Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Dimitrios N Kiortsis
- Atherothrombosis Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | | | - Stelios Tigas
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Dimitra Nikoletou
- MSc Sports Cardiology, St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
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19
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Voss AC, Chambers TL, Gries KJ, Jemiolo B, Raue U, Minchev K, Begue G, Lee GA, Trappe TA, Trappe SW. Exercise microdosing for skeletal muscle health applications to spaceflight. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2024; 136:1040-1052. [PMID: 38205550 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00491.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Findings from a recent 70-day bedrest investigation suggested intermittent exercise testing in the control group may have served as a partial countermeasure for skeletal muscle size, function, and fiber-type shifts. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the metabolic and skeletal muscle molecular responses to the testing protocols. Eight males (29 ± 2 yr) completed muscle power (6 × 4 s; peak muscle power: 1,369 ± 86 W) and V̇o2max (13 ± 1 min; 3.2 ± 0.2 L/min) tests on specially designed supine cycle ergometers during two separate trials. Blood catecholamines and lactate were measured pre-, immediately post-, and 4-h postexercise. Muscle homogenate and muscle fiber-type-specific [myosin heavy chain (MHC) I and MHC IIa] mRNA levels of exercise markers (myostatin, IκBα, myogenin, MuRF-1, ABRA, RRAD, Fn14, PDK4) and MHC I, IIa, and IIx were measured from vastus lateralis muscle biopsies obtained pre- and 4-h postexercise. The muscle power test altered (P ≤ 0.05) norepinephrine (+124%), epinephrine (+145%), lactate (+300%), and muscle homogenate mRNA (IκBα, myogenin, MuRF-1, RRAD, Fn14). The V̇o2max test altered (P ≤ 0.05) norepinephrine (+1,394%), epinephrine (+1,412%), lactate (+736%), and muscle homogenate mRNA (myostatin, IκBα, myogenin, MuRF-1, ABRA, RRAD, Fn14, PDK4). In general, both tests influenced MHC IIa muscle fibers more than MHC I with respect to the number of genes that responded and the magnitude of response. Both tests also influenced MHC mRNA expression in a muscle fiber-type-specific manner. These findings provide unique insights into the adaptive response of skeletal muscle to small doses of exercise and could help shape exercise dosing for astronauts and Earth-based individuals.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Declines in skeletal muscle health are a concern for astronauts on long-duration spaceflights. The current findings add to the growing body of exercise countermeasures data, suggesting that small doses of specific exercise can be beneficial for certain aspects of skeletal muscle health. This information can be used in conjunction with other components of existing exercise programs for astronauts and might translate to other areas focused on skeletal muscle health (e.g., sports medicine, rehabilitation, aging).
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam C Voss
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, United States
| | - Toby L Chambers
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, United States
| | - Kevin J Gries
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, United States
| | - Bozena Jemiolo
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, United States
| | - Ulrika Raue
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, United States
| | - Kiril Minchev
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, United States
| | - Gwenaelle Begue
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, United States
| | - Gary A Lee
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, United States
| | - Todd A Trappe
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, United States
| | - Scott W Trappe
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, United States
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20
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Teasell R, Fleet JL, Harnett A. Post Stroke Exercise Training: Intensity, Dosage, and Timing of Therapy. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am 2024; 35:339-351. [PMID: 38514222 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmr.2023.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
More intense, earlier exercise in rehabilitation results in improved motor outcomes following stroke. Timing and intensity of therapy delivery vary from study to study. For more intensive therapies, there are practical challenges in implementation. However, there are also opportunities for high intensity treatment through innovative approaches and new technologies. Timing of rehabilitation is important. As time post stroke increases, the dosage of therapy required to improve motor recovery outcomes increases. Very early rehabilitation may improve motor outcomes but should be delayed for at least 24 hours post stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Teasell
- Parkwood Institute Research, Parkwood Institute, D4-101A, 550 Wellington Road, London, Canada; St. Joseph's Health Care London, London, Canada; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.
| | - Jamie L Fleet
- Parkwood Institute Research, Parkwood Institute, D4-101A, 550 Wellington Road, London, Canada; St. Joseph's Health Care London, London, Canada; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Amber Harnett
- Parkwood Institute Research, Parkwood Institute, B3-123, 550 Wellington Road, London, Ontario N6C 0A7, Canada
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21
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Walters G, Dring KJ, Nevill BA, Cooper SB, Nevill AM, Nevill ME, Morris JG. Short-Term High-Intensity Rowing Ergometry Training Improves Rowing Performance Equally in Healthy Weight and Obese Adolescents. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2024; 56:885-892. [PMID: 38181216 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Childhood obesity is a major health concern and physical activity is commonly proposed as an intervention strategy to combat the increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity in young people. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of high-intensity, supervised, rowing ergometer training on maximal and submaximal rowing performance in healthy weight and centrally obese adolescents (12-13 yr). METHODS Participants were randomized to either 6 wk of supervised rowing ergometry, comprising of 2 sessions per week with each session comprising of 2 × 3-min bouts of high-intensity rowing ergometry ( n = 57), or a control group who continued with their habitual activities ( n = 45). At baseline and follow-up, rowing performance was assessed via a submaximal test and a 3-min maximal test. RESULTS Six weeks of rowing ergometer training significantly improved maximal exercise performance; total distance rowed in a 3-min maximal effort improved by 19.7 m (2.7%) (time × group, P = 0.018) and produced a significant reduction in perceived effort in response to a set submaximal load (60 W) (time × group, P = 0.040). At baseline total distance rowed during the 3-min maximal test was significantly affected by body mass (main effect of body mass, P = 0.002), whereby a higher body mass was associated with enhanced rowing performance. However, the pattern of change over time was not different between healthy weight and centrally obese adolescents (time × group × waist centile, P = 0.577). CONCLUSIONS A 6-wk high-intensity rowing ergometry training intervention improved maximal rowing performance. This improvement was similar in healthy weight versus overweight and obese adolescents; yet overall overweight and obese adolescents had superior rowing performance compared to their healthy weight counterparts, suggesting that rowing may be an attractive exercise modality for interventions in overweight and obese young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Walters
- Sport, Health, and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre, Department of Sport Science, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Karah J Dring
- Sport, Health, and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre, Department of Sport Science, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UNITED KINGDOM
| | | | - Simon B Cooper
- Sport, Health, and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre, Department of Sport Science, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Alan M Nevill
- School of Sport, Performing Arts and Leisure, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Mary E Nevill
- Sport, Health, and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre, Department of Sport Science, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - John G Morris
- Sport, Health, and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre, Department of Sport Science, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UNITED KINGDOM
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22
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Poon ETC, Li HY, Gibala MJ, Wong SHS, Ho RST. High-intensity interval training and cardiorespiratory fitness in adults: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2024; 34:e14652. [PMID: 38760916 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is characterized by repeated bouts of relatively intense exercise interspersed with recovery periods. Previous studies have evaluated this exercise strategy with various population subgroups, regimens, and comparator groups, limiting the generalizability of findings. We performed a novel umbrella review to generate an up-to-date synthesis of the available evidence regarding the effect of HIIT on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in adults as compared to non-exercise control and traditional continuous forms of exercise such as moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT). METHODS An umbrella review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Overviews of Reviews guideline. Seven databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Database, CINAHL, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science) were searched until February 2024. Systematic reviews with meta-analyses comparing HIIT and active/non-active control conditions were included. Literature search, data extraction, and methodological quality assessment (AMSTAR-2) were conducted independently by two reviewers. RESULTS Twenty-four systematic reviews with meta-analyses, representing 429 primary studies and 12 967 unique participants, met the inclusion criteria. Most of the systematic reviews received moderate-to-critically low AMSTAR-2 scores. The data showed that HIIT, including the particularly intense variant "sprint interval training" (SIT), significantly increases CRF in adults compared to non-exercise control (standardized mean difference [SMD]: 0.28 to 4.31; weighted mean difference [WMD]: 3.25 to 5.5 mL/kg/min) and MICT (SMD: 0.18 to 0.99; WMD: 0.52 to 3.76 mL/kg/min). This effect was consistently observed across specific groups of individuals (e.g., apparently healthy adults, individuals with overweight/obesity, older adults, and high-level athletes) and HIIT modalities (e.g., low-volume HIIT, whole-body HIIT, home-based HIIT, aquatic HIIT, and short SIT). CONCLUSION Existing evidence from systematic reviews consistently supports the effect of HIIT on enhancing CRF in adults when compared to non-exercise control and MICT. Our findings offer a comprehensive basis that may potentially contribute to informing physical activity guidelines aimed at improving CRF in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Tsz-Chun Poon
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Hong-Yat Li
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Martin J Gibala
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen Heung-Sang Wong
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Robin Sze-Tak Ho
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
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23
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Janicijevic D, Saez-Berlanga A, Babiloni-Lopez C, Martin-Rivera F, Jiménez-Martínez P, Silvestre-Herrero A, Martínez-Puente J, Ferradás-Nogueira P, Juesas A, Gene-Morales J, Chulvi-Medrano I, Colado JC. Acute physiological and psychological responses during an incremental treadmill test wearing a new upper-body sports garment with elastomeric technology. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1372020. [PMID: 38711952 PMCID: PMC11070584 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1372020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The use of elastomeric technology in sports garments is increasing in popularity; however, its specific impact on physiological and psychological variables is not fully understood. Thus, we aimed to analyze the physiological (muscle activation of the pectoralis major, triceps brachii, anterior deltoid, and rectus abdominis, capillary blood lactate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate) and psychological (global and respiratory rating of perceived exertion [RPE]) responses during an incremental treadmill test wearing a new sports garment for the upper body that incorporates elastomeric technology or a placebo garment. Methods: Eighteen physically active young adults participated in two randomized sessions, one wearing the elastomeric garment and the other wearing a placebo. Participants performed in both sessions the same treadmill incremental test (i.e., starting at 8 km/h, an increase of 2 km/h each stage, stage duration of 3 min, and inclination of 1%; the test ended after completing the 18 km/h Stage or participant volitional exhaustion). The dependent variables were assessed before, during, and/or after the test. Nonparametric tests evaluated differences. Results: The elastomeric garment led to a greater muscle activation (p < 0.05) in the pectoralis major at 16 km/h (+33.35%, p = 0.01, d = 0.47) and 18 km/h (+32.09%, p = 0.02, d = 0.55) and in the triceps brachii at 10 km/h (+20.28%, p = 0.01, d = 0.41) and 12 km/h (+34.95%, p = 0.04, d = 0.28). Additionally, lower lactate was observed at the end of the test (-7.81%, p = 0.01, d = 0.68) and after 5 min of recovery (-13.71%, p < 0.001, d = 1.00) with the elastomeric garment. Nonsignificant differences between the garments were encountered in the time to exhaustion, cardiovascular responses, or ratings of perceived exertion. Conclusion: These findings suggest that elastomeric garments enhance physiological responses (muscle activation and blood lactate) during an incremental treadmill test without impairing physical performance or effort perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danica Janicijevic
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Department of Radiology, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, China
- Department of Sports Sciences and Physical Conditioning, Faculty of Education, Universidad Catolica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Angel Saez-Berlanga
- Research Group in Prevention and Health in Exercise and Sport (PHES), Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Babiloni-Lopez
- Research Group in Prevention and Health in Exercise and Sport (PHES), Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Fernando Martin-Rivera
- Research Group in Prevention and Health in Exercise and Sport (PHES), Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pablo Jiménez-Martínez
- Research Group in Prevention and Health in Exercise and Sport (PHES), Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- ICEN Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Silvestre-Herrero
- Research Group in Prevention and Health in Exercise and Sport (PHES), Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Martínez-Puente
- Research Group in Prevention and Health in Exercise and Sport (PHES), Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pablo Ferradás-Nogueira
- Research Group in Prevention and Health in Exercise and Sport (PHES), Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alvaro Juesas
- Research Group in Prevention and Health in Exercise and Sport (PHES), Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Gene-Morales
- Research Group in Prevention and Health in Exercise and Sport (PHES), Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Iván Chulvi-Medrano
- Research Group in Prevention and Health in Exercise and Sport (PHES), Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan C. Colado
- Research Group in Prevention and Health in Exercise and Sport (PHES), Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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24
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Storey KK, Geschwindt A, Astorino TA. Hemodynamic and Metabolic Responses to Moderate and Vigorous Cycle Ergometry in Men Who Have Had Transtibial Amputation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:450. [PMID: 38673361 PMCID: PMC11050650 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21040450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Adults who have had an amputation face barriers to having an active lifestyle which attenuates cardiorespiratory fitness. Prior studies in amputees typically involve treadmill walking or arm ergometry, yet physiological responses to bilateral leg cycling are less understood. This study assessed the hemodynamic and metabolic responses to moderate and vigorous cycle ergometry in men who have had a transtibial amputation (TTA). Five men who had had a unilateral TTA (age = 39 ± 15 yr) and six controls (CONs) without an amputation (age = 31 ± 11 yr) performed two 20 min bouts of cycling differing in intensity. Cardiac output (CO), stroke volume (SV), and oxygen consumption (VO2) were measured during moderate intensity continuous exercise (MICE) and high intensity interval exercise (HIIE) using thoracic impedance and indirect calorimetry. In response to MICE and HIIE, the HR and VO2 levels were similar (p > 0.05) between groups. Stroke volume and CO were higher (p < 0.05) in the CONs, which was attributed to their higher body mass. In men with TTAs, HIIE elicited a peak HR = 88%HRmax and substantial blood lactate accumulation, representing vigorous exercise intensity. No adverse events were exhibited in the men with TTAs. The men with TTAs show similar responses to MICE and HIIE versus the CONs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Todd A. Astorino
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University, San Marcos, CA 92096-0001, USA; (K.K.S.); (A.G.)
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25
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Poon ETC, Sun F, Tse ACY, Tsang JH, Chung AYH, Lai YYY, Wong SWS. Effectiveness of tele-exercise training on physical fitness, functional capacity, and health-related quality of life in non-hospitalized individuals with COVID-19: The COFIT-HK study. J Exerc Sci Fit 2024; 22:134-139. [PMID: 38347889 PMCID: PMC10859274 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The use of tele-exercise programs as an option for post-COVID-19 rehabilitation has been suggested, but its effectiveness in non-hospitalized individuals is not well understood. Objective This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of an 8-week tele-exercise training program (COFIT-HK) on physical fitness, functional capacity, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in non-hospitalized post-COVID-19 individuals. Methods Forty-one non-hospitalized individuals (age:47.4 ± 7.8 yrs) who had COVID-19 history were divided into two groups: the tele-exercise training group (TELE; n = 21) and the non-intervention control group (CON; n = 20). TELE engaged in online supervised multicomponent low-to-moderate intensity exercise training (including respiratory muscle, aerobic, and resistance training) three times per week, whereas CON received standardized educational leaflets based on World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for post-COVID-19-related illness rehabilitation only. Various components of physical fitness, functional capacity, and HRQoL were assessed at baseline and after the 8-week intervention. Results TELE showed significant improvements in handgrip strength, arm flexibility, functional lower extremity endurance, and HRQoL after the 8-week intervention (all p < 0.05, ES = 0.50-1.10). When comparing the groups, TELE demonstrated significantly greater improvements in both the physical and mental component summary scores of HRQoL compared to CON (both p < 0.05). Other outcomes did not reveal significant group differences. Conclusion Our tele-exercise intervention was effective in improving physical fitness, functional capacity and HRQoL among non-hospitalized post-COVID-19 individuals. Further research is needed to explore the utility and limitations of tele-exercise programs for post-COVID-19 rehabilitation and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Tsz-Chun Poon
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Fenghua Sun
- Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Taipo, Hong Kong
| | - Andy Choi-Yeung Tse
- Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Taipo, Hong Kong
| | | | - Aaron Yiu-Huen Chung
- Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Taipo, Hong Kong
| | - Yannis Yuet-Yan Lai
- Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Taipo, Hong Kong
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26
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Zouhal H, Abderrahman AB, Jayavel A, Hackney AC, Laher I, Saeidi A, Rhibi F, Granacher U. Effects of Passive or Active Recovery Regimes Applied During Long-Term Interval Training on Physical Fitness in Healthy Trained and Untrained Individuals: A Systematic Review. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2024; 10:21. [PMID: 38443585 PMCID: PMC10914654 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-024-00673-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intermittent exercise programs characterized through intensive exercise bouts alternated with passive or active recovery (i.e., interval training), have been proven to enhance measures of cardiorespiratory fitness. However, it is unresolved which recovery type (active or passive) applied during interval training results in larger performance improvements. OBJECTIVES This systematic review aimed to summarize recent evidence on the effects of passive or active recovery following long-term interval exercise training on measures of physical fitness and physiological adaptations in healthy trained and untrained individuals. The study protocol was registered in the Open Science Framework (OSF) platform ( https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/9BUEY ). METHODS We searched nine databases including the grey literature (Academic Search Elite, CINAHL, ERIC, Open Access Theses and Dissertations, Open Dissertations, PsycINFO, PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus) from inception until February 2023. Key terms as high-intensity interval training, recovery mode, passive or active recover were used. A systematic review rather than a meta-analysis was performed, as a large number of outcome parameters would have produced substantial heterogeneity. RESULTS After screening titles, abstracts, and full texts, 24 studies were eligible for inclusion in our final analysis. Thirteen studies examined the effects of interval training interspersed with passive recovery regimes on physical fitness and physiological responses in trained (6 studies) and untrained (7 studies) individuals. Eleven out of 13 studies reported significant improvements in physical fitness (e.g., maximal aerobic velocity (MAV), Yo-Yo running test, jump performance) and physiological parameters (e.g., maximal oxygen uptake [VO2max], lactate threshold, blood pressure) in trained (effect sizes from single studies: 0.13 < Cohen's d < 3.27, small to very large) and untrained individuals (effect sizes: 0.17 < d < 4.19, small to very large) despite the type of interval training or exercise dosage (frequency, intensity, time, type). Two studies were identified that examined the effects of passive recovery applied during interval training in young female basketball (15.1 ± 1.1 years) and male soccer players (14.2 ± 0.5 years). Both studies showed positive effects of passive recovery on VO2max, countermovement jump performance, and the Yo-Yo running test. Eleven studies examined the effects of interval training interspersed with active recovery methods on physical fitness and physiological parameters in trained (6 studies) and untrained individuals (5 studies). Despite the type of interval training or exercise dosage, nine out of eleven studies reported significant increases in measures of physical fitness (e.g., MAV) and physiological parameters (e.g., VO2max, blood pressures) in trained (effect sizes from single studies: 0.13 < d < 1.29, small to very large) and untrained individuals (effect sizes: 0.19 < d < 3.29, small to very large). There was no study available that examined the effects of active recovery on physical fitness and physiological responses in youth. CONCLUSIONS The results of this systematic review show that interval training interspersed with active or passive recovery regimes have the potential to improve measures of physical fitness and physiology outcomes in trained and untrained adults and trained youth. That is, the applied recovery type seems not to affect the outcomes. Nonetheless, more research is needed on the effects of recovery type on measures of physical fitness and physiological adaptations in youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassane Zouhal
- M2S (Laboratoire Mouvement, Sport, Santé) - EA 1274, Univ Rennes, 35000, Rennes, France.
- Institut International des Sciences du Sport (2I2S), 35850, Irodouër, France.
| | - Abderraouf Ben Abderrahman
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar-Said, University of Manouba, Manouba, Tunisia
- Tunisian Research Laboratory "Sports Performance Optimization", National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS) LR09SEP01, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ayyappan Jayavel
- SRM College of Physiotherapy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Kanchipuram, Chennai, TN, 603203, India
| | - Anthony C Hackney
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ismail Laher
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ayoub Saeidi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, 66177-15175, Kurdistan, Iran
| | - Fatma Rhibi
- M2S (Laboratoire Mouvement, Sport, Santé) - EA 1274, Univ Rennes, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Urs Granacher
- Department of Sport and Sport Science, Exercise and Human Movement Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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27
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Yin M, Li H, Bai M, Liu H, Chen Z, Deng J, Deng S, Meng C, Vollaard NBJ, Little JP, Li Y. Is low-volume high-intensity interval training a time-efficient strategy to improve cardiometabolic health and body composition? A meta-analysis. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2024; 49:273-292. [PMID: 37939367 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2023-0329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
The present meta-analysis aimed to assess the effects of low-volume high-intensity interval training (LV-HIIT; i.e., ≤5 min high-intensity exercise within a ≤15 min session) on cardiometabolic health and body composition. A systematic search was performed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines to assess the effect of LV-HIIT on cardiometabolic health and body composition. Twenty-one studies (moderate to high quality) with a total of 849 participants were included in this meta-analysis. LV-HIIT increased cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF, SMD = 1.19 [0.87, 1.50]) while lowering systolic blood pressure (SMD = -1.44 [-1.68, -1.20]), diastolic blood pressure (SMD = -1.51 [-1.75, -1.27]), mean arterial pressure (SMD = -1.55 [-1.80, -1.30]), MetS z-score (SMD = -0.76 [-1.02, -0.49]), fat mass (kg) (SMD = -0.22 [-0.44, 0.00]), fat mass (%) (SMD = -0.22 [-0.41, -0.02]), and waist circumference (SMD = -0.53 [-0.75, -0.31]) compared to untrained control (CONTROL). Despite a total time-commitment of LV-HIIT of only 14%-47% and 45%-94% compared to moderate-intensity continuous training and HV-HIIT, respectively, there were no statistically significant differences observed for any outcomes in comparisons between LV-HIIT and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) or high-volume HIIT. Significant inverse dose-responses were observed between the change in CRF with LV-HIIT and sprint repetitions (β = -0.52 [-0.76, -0.28]), high-intensity duration (β = -0.21 [-0.39, -0.02]), and total duration (β = -0.19 [-0.36, -0.02]), while higher intensity significantly improved CRF gains. LV-HIIT can improve cardiometabolic health and body composition and represent a time-efficient alternative to MICT and HV-HIIT. Performing LV-HIIT at a higher intensity drives higher CRF gains. More repetitions, longer time at high intensity, and total session duration did not augment gains in CRF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Yin
- School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Hansen Li
- Department of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingyang Bai
- School of Physical Education, Sichuan Agriculture University, Yaan, China
| | - Hengxian Liu
- School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhili Chen
- School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianfeng Deng
- School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengji Deng
- School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuan Meng
- School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Niels B J Vollaard
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Jonathan P Little
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Yongming Li
- School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China
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Proschinger S, Schenk A, Metcalfe AJ, Zimmer P. HIIT Induces Stronger Shifts within the Peripheral T Cell Compartment Independent of Sex. Int J Sports Med 2024; 45:211-221. [PMID: 38134917 DOI: 10.1055/a-2197-0882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Acute exercise induces changes within the T-cell compartment, especially in cytotoxic CD8+ memory subsets, depending on exercise intensity and duration. It is unclear whether exercise-induced changes in major T-cell subsets differ in response to acute high-intensity interval training (HIIT) or moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and whether sex-specific effects exist. Twenty-four recreationally active runners (females: n=12, 27.8±4.1years, 54.4±4.6 ml*kg-1*min-1; males: n=12, 31.6±3.8years, 58.9±7.7 ml*kg-1*min-1) participated in this randomized controlled crossover study, and conducted an energy- and duration-matched HIIT and MICT session. Blood was sampled before (T1), immediately (T2) and 1 h after exercise (T3). Flow cytometry was used to identify T-cell populations. HIIT decreased the proportion of CD8+ T-cells more pronounced at T3 compared to MICT (p=0.007), induced a significantly stronger increase in the CD8+ effector memory (TEM) cell proportion at T2 (p=0.032), and decreased CD4+ central memory proportion more pronounced at T2 (p=0.029). A decrease below baseline CD8+ TEM proportion at T3 was observed only after HIIT (p<0.001). No interaction effects between sexes were revealed. Taken together, HIIT represents a more potent stimulus to induce shifts mainly within the cytotoxic CD8+ T-cell compartment, thereby giving implications to investigate the role of HIIT on the cell´s effector phenotype and function in more detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Proschinger
- Division of Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), TU Dortmund University, Institute for Sport and Sport Science, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Alexander Schenk
- Division of Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), TU Dortmund University, Institute for Sport and Sport Science, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Alan J Metcalfe
- Department for Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Philipp Zimmer
- Division of Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), TU Dortmund University, Institute for Sport and Sport Science, Dortmund, Germany
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29
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Clemente FM, Moran J, Ramirez-Campillo R, Beato M, Afonso J. Endurance Performance Adaptations between SSG and HIIT in Soccer Players: A Meta-analysis. Int J Sports Med 2024; 45:183-210. [PMID: 37678559 DOI: 10.1055/a-2171-3255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this systematic review with meta-analysis was to compare the endurance performance chronic adaptations induced by running-based high-intensity interval training (HIIT), small-sided games (SSGs), and combined HIIT+SSGs in male and female youth and adult soccer players. The studies included in this review followed the PICOS criteria: (i) healthy soccer players; (ii) interventions based on SSGs; (iii) comparators exposed to only HIIT or combined SSGs+HIIT; (iv) endurance performance variables. Studies were searched for in the following databases: (i) PubMed; (ii) Scopus; (iii) SPORTDiscus; (iv) Web of Science. After conducting an initial database search that retrieved a total of 5,389 records, a thorough screening process resulted in the inclusion of 20 articles that met the eligibility criteria. Sixteen studies reported outcomes related to endurance performance measured through field-based tests, while five studies provided results from direct measurements of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max). Results showed a non-significant small-magnitude favoring effect for the HIIT groups compared to the SSG groups (ES=0.37, p=0.074) for endurance, while a non-significant small-magnitude favoring SSGs was observed (ES=-0.20, p=0.303) for VO2max. Despite the very low certainty of evidence, the findings suggest similar effects induced by both SSG and HIIT on improving endurance performance and VO2max.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Manuel Clemente
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Viana do Castelo, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports Performance, Recreation, Innovation and Technology (SPRINT), Melgaço, Portugal
| | - Jason Moran
- School of Sport, Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute. School of Physical Therapy. Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences. Universidad Andres Bello. Santiago, Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marco Beato
- School of Health and Sports Science, University of Suffolk, Ipswich, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - José Afonso
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation, and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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30
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Clausen RD, Astorino TA. Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption after reduced exertion high-intensity interval training on the cycle ergometer and rowing ergometer. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024; 124:815-825. [PMID: 37787925 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05309-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine differences in oxygen consumption ([Formula: see text]O2), ventilation ([Formula: see text]E), excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC), energy expenditure (EE), and blood lactate concentration (BLa) between reduced exertion high-intensity interval training (REHIT) performed on the cycle- and rowing ergometer. METHODS Fourteen active participants (age = 27 ± 7 yr) initially completed two assessments of maximal oxygen uptake. On two subsequent days, participants completed REHIT requiring three 20 s "all-out" sprints on the cycle-(REHIT-CE) and rowing ergometer (REHIT-RE), followed by 60 min rest during which gas exchange data and BLa were measured. RESULTS During exercise, [Formula: see text]O2 increased significantly in response to REHIT-CE (0.21 ± 0.04 L/min vs. 1.34 ± 0.37 L/min, p < 0.001) and REHIT-RE (0.23 ± 0.05 L/min vs. 1.57 ± 0.47 L/min, p < 0.001) compared to rest, and [Formula: see text]O2 remained elevated at 15, 30, and 45 min post-exercise in REHIT-CE (p < 0.001). However, [Formula: see text]O2 was only elevated 15 min after REHIT-RE (0.23 ± 0.05 L/min vs. 0.40 ± 0.11 L/min, p < 0.001). [Formula: see text]O2 (1.57 ± 0.47 L/min vs. 1.34 ± 0.37 L/min, p = 0.003) and EE (94.98 ± 29.60 kcal vs. 82.05 ± 22.85 kcal, p < 0.001) were significantly greater during REHIT-RE versus REHIT-CE. EPOC was significantly greater after REHIT-CE versus REHIT-RE (6.69 ± 2.18 L vs. 5.52 ± 1.67 L, p = 0.009). BLa was ~ twofold higher in response to REHIT-CE vs. REHIT-RE (11.11 ± 2.43 vs. 7.0 ± 2.4, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Rowing-based REHIT elicits greater oxygen consumption and EE during exercise, yet lower EPOC and BLa. Whether rowing-based REHIT augments reductions in fat loss remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Dahl Clausen
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University, 333. S. Twin Oaks Valley Road, UNIV 320, San Marcos, CA, USA.
| | - Todd A Astorino
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University, 333. S. Twin Oaks Valley Road, UNIV 320, San Marcos, CA, USA
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Zhu Q, Xiong X, Zheng Q, Deng Q, Hao Y, Liu D, Zheng J, Zhang G, Li J, Yang L. High-intensity interval training versus moderate-intensity continuous training for localized prostate cancer under active surveillance: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2024:10.1038/s41391-024-00801-7. [PMID: 38378977 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-024-00801-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) have been increasingly adopted for localized prostate cancer (PCa) under active surveillance (AS). However, it is unclear which training modality is the most favorable in terms of cardiorespiratory fitness and biochemical progression. METHODS We searched PubMed, Cochrane and Embase for relevant RCTs. PRISMA guideline was adopted to ensure optimal conduct of this study. Serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) and peak VO2 were selected as primary outcomes and PSA doubling time (PSADT) and testosterone were selected as secondary outcomes. Only articles written in English were included. Cochrane risk-of-bias tool was used for risk of bias evaluation. RESULTS A total of 501 studies were selected. Six RCTs with 222 patients were included for data extraction and analysis. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) group demonstrated significantly lower PSA compared with usual care (UC) (MD = -1.4; 95%CI = -2.77 to -0.03) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) group (MD = -1.67; 95%CI = -3.30 to -0.05). Both HIIT and MICT showed significantly improved peak VO2 compared with UC. No significant difference was observed in PSADT and testosterone among different training modalities and UC. Regarding peak VO2, MICT had the highest surface under cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) scores (98.1%). For serum PSA, HIIT had the highest probability (97.8%) to be the training with the highest efficacy. The potential source of bias mainly came from poorly performed allocation concealment and blinding strategies. CONCLUSIONS The present study indicated that HIIT and MICT showed considerable cardiorespiratory benefits for localized PCa. HIIT was preferred over MICT in biochemical progression control in terms of decreasing serum PSA levels. However, MICT was favored over HIIT regarding cardiorespiratory benefits. The findings of this study may facilitate future lifestyle intervention, particularly in the form of physical training, for individuals diagnosed with localized PCa under AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyu Zhu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xingyu Xiong
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Qian Zheng
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Qi Deng
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yun Hao
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Dingbang Liu
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Jiaming Zheng
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Guangyue Zhang
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Jiakun Li
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China.
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China.
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Wernhart S, Rassaf T. Exercise, cancer, and the cardiovascular system: clinical effects and mechanistic insights. Basic Res Cardiol 2024:10.1007/s00395-024-01034-4. [PMID: 38353711 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-024-01034-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases and cancer are the leading causes of death in the Western world and share common risk factors. Reduced cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is a major determinant of cardiovascular morbidity and cancer survival. In this review we discuss cancer- induced disturbances of parenchymal, cellular, and mitochondrial function, which limit CRF and may be antagonized and attenuated through exercise training. We show the impact of CRF on cancer survival and its attenuating effects on cardiotoxicity of cancer-related treatment. Tailored exercise programs are not yet available for each tumor entity as several trials were performed in heterogeneous populations without adequate cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) prior to exercise prescription and with a wide variation of exercise modalities. There is emerging evidence that exercise may be a crucial pillar in cancer treatment and a tool to mitigate cardiotoxic treatment effects. We discuss modalities of aerobic exercise and resistance training and their potential to improve CRF in cancer patients and provide an example of a periodization model for exercise training in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Wernhart
- West German Heart- and Vascular Center, Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147, Essen, Germany.
| | - Tienush Rassaf
- West German Heart- and Vascular Center, Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
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Rijal A, Adhikari TB, Dhakal S, Maagaard M, Piri R, Nielsen EE, Neupane D, Jakobsen JC, Olsen MH. Effect of exercise on functional capacity and body weight for people with hypertension, type 2 diabetes, or cardiovascular disease: a systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2024; 16:38. [PMID: 38321506 PMCID: PMC10848448 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-024-00829-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease affect the activities of daily living at varying degree. While the effects of aerobic exercise on functional capacity are well-documented, the extent of change for different types of exercise in these chronic conditions remains unexplored. Additionally, there is conflicting evidence regarding the role of exercise in reducing body weight. METHODS We conducted systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis and searched various databases from inception to July 2020. We included randomised clinical trials adding any form of trialist defined exercise to usual care versus usual care in people with either hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and/or cardiovascular disease irrespective of setting, publication status, year, and language. The outcomes assessed were i) functional capacity assessed through different scales separately i.e., Maximal Oxygen Uptake (VO2max), 6-min walk test (6MWT), 10-m walk test (10MWT), and ii) body weight. RESULTS We included 950 studies out of which 444 trials randomising 20,098 participants reported on various functional outcomes (355 trials) and body weight (169 trials). The median follow-up was 3 months (Interquartile ranges (IQR): 2.25 to 6). Exercise added to the usual care, improved VO2max (Mean Difference (MD):2.72 ml/kg/min; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 2.38 to 3.06; p < 0.01; I2 = 96%), 6MWT (MD: 42.5 m; 95%CI 34.95 to 50.06; p < 0.01; I2 = 96%), and 10MWT (MD: 0.06 m/s; 95%CI 0.03 to 0.10; p < 0.01; I2 = 93%). Dynamic aerobic and resistance exercise showed a consistent improvement across various functional outcomes, whereas body-mind therapies (MD: 3.23 ml/kg/min; 95%CI 1.97 to 4.49, p < 0.01) seemed especially beneficial for VO2max and inspiratory muscle training (MD: 59.32 m; 95%CI 33.84 to 84.80; p < 0.01) for 6MWT. Exercise yielded significant reduction in body weight for people with hypertension (MD: -1.45 kg; 95%CI -2.47 to -0.43; p < 0.01), and type 2 diabetes (MD: -1.53 kg; 95%CI -2.19 to -0.87; p < 0.01) but not for cardiovascular disease with most pronounced for combined exercise (MD: -1.73 kg; 95%CI -3.08 to -0.39; p < 0.05). The very low certainty of evidence warrants cautious interpretations of the results. CONCLUSION Exercise seemed to improve functional capacity for people with hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and/or cardiovascular disease but the effectiveness seems to vary with different forms of exercise. The potentially superior improvement in VO2max and 6MWT by body-mind therapies and inspiratory muscle training calls for further exploration. Additionally, prescribing exercise for the sole purpose of losing weight may be a potential strategy for people with hypertension and type 2 diabetes. The extent of improvement in functional capacity and body weight reduction differed with different exercise regimens hence personalised exercise prescriptions tailored to individual needs may be of importance. PROSPERO REGISTRATION: PROSPERO registration number: CRD42019142313.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupa Rijal
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Holbaek Hospital, Holbaek, Denmark.
| | - Tara Ballav Adhikari
- Department of Public Health, Research Unit for Environment, Occupation & Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sarmila Dhakal
- Center for Research on Environment, Health and Population Activities (CREPHA), Kusunti, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Mathias Maagaard
- Centre for Anaesthesiological Research, Department of Anaesthesiology, Zealand University Hospital, Koge, Denmark
| | - Reza Piri
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Emil Eik Nielsen
- Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Dinesh Neupane
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Janus Christian Jakobsen
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Hecht Olsen
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Internal Medicine, Holbaek Hospital, Holbaek, Denmark
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Rosenblat MA, Arnold J, Nelson H, Watt J, Seiler S. The Additional Effect of Training Above the Maximal Metabolic Steady State on VO2peak, Wpeak and Time-Trial Performance in Endurance-Trained Athletes: A Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and Reality Check. Sports Med 2024; 54:429-446. [PMID: 37737543 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-023-01924-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To improve sport performance, athletes use training regimens that include exercise below and above the maximal metabolic steady state (MMSS). OBJECTIVE The objective of this review was to determine the additional effect of training above MMSS on VO2peak, Wpeak and time-trial (TT) performance in endurance-trained athletes. METHODS Studies were included in the review if they (i) were published in academic journals, (ii) were in English, (iii) were prospective, (iv) included trained participants, (v) had an intervention group that contained training above and below MMSS, (vi) had a comparator group that only performed training below MMSS, and (vii) reported results for VO2peak, Wpeak, or TT performance. Medline and SPORTDiscus were searched from inception until February 23, 2023. RESULTS Fourteen studies that ranged from 2 to 12 weeks were included in the review. There were 171 recreational and 128 competitive endurance athletes. The mean age and VO2peak of participants ranged from 15 to 43 years and 38 to 68 mL·kg-1·min-1, respectively. The inclusion of training above MMSS led to a 2.5 mL·kg-1·min-1 (95% CI 1.4-3.6; p < 0.01; I2 = 0%) greater improvement in VO2peak. A minimum of 81 participants per group would be required to obtain sufficient power to determine a significant effect (SMD 0.44) for VO2peak. No intensity-specific effect was observed for Wpeak or TT performance, in part due to a smaller sample size. CONCLUSION A single training meso-cycle that includes training above MMSS can improve VO2peak in endurance-trained athletes more than training only below MMSS. However, we do not have sufficient evidence to conclude that concurrent adaptation occurs for Wpeak or TT performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jem Arnold
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hannah Nelson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jennifer Watt
- Knowledge Translation Program, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen Seiler
- Department of Sport Science and Physical Education, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
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Choi S, Chon J, Yoo MC, Shim GY, Kim M, Kim M, Soh Y, Won CW. The Impact of the Physical Activity Level on Sarcopenic Obesity in Community-Dwelling Older Adults. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:349. [PMID: 38338234 PMCID: PMC10855481 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12030349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have reported that low levels of physical activity result in sarcopenic obesity (SO). However, the effects of specific intensities of physical activity on SO and the optimal amount of physical activity for lowering the prevalence of SO have not been well studied. This study aimed to identify the effects of physical activity levels and intensity on SO and the optimal amount of physical activity related to a lower prevalence of SO. This cross-sectional study used data from the nationwide Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study (KFACS), which included 2071 older adults (1030 men, 1041 women). SO was defined according to the criteria of the European Society for Clinical Nutrition Metabolism (ESPEN) and the European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the association between the physical activity level and SO. The high activity group had a significantly lower prevalence of SO than the non-high activity (low and moderate activity) group. On the other hand, moderate-intensity physical activity was associated with a lower prevalence of SO. A total physical activity energy expenditure of > 3032 kcal/week (433 kcal/day) for men and 2730 kcal/week (390 kcal/day) for women was associated with a reduced prevalence of SO. The high physical activity and total physical energy expenditure described above may be beneficial for reducing the prevalence of SO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongmin Choi
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinmann Chon
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Chul Yoo
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Ga Yang Shim
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjung Kim
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Miji Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunsoo Soh
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Won Won
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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Gaweł E, Hall B, Siatkowski S, Grabowska A, Zwierzchowska A. The Combined Effects of High-Intensity Interval Exercise Training and Dietary Supplementation on Reduction of Body Fat in Adults with Overweight and Obesity: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:355. [PMID: 38337640 PMCID: PMC10857230 DOI: 10.3390/nu16030355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Excessive body fat is associated with various comorbidities including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus and certain types of cancer. The search for effective, relatively easy to maintain body-fat reduction interventions has been ongoing. We aimed to review the current literature to assess the effectiveness of high-intensity interval training with and without dietary supplementation on body fat loss, concentration of markers of metabolic health and aerobic capacity of adults with overweight and obesity. Seventy full-text articles were assessed to determine their eligibility and thirteen were included in the review. The methodology of this systematic review was developed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Almost all studies (93%) demonstrated effectiveness of high-intensity interval training of various protocols in reducing body fat, improving metabolic health and aerobic capacity of adults with overweight and obesity. These effects were enhanced by an addition of a dietary supplement, such as green tea or ginger or other. Although combining HIIT with dietary supplementation seem to improve body composition, metabolic health and aerobic capacity in adults with overweight and obesity in some instances to a greater extent than HIIT alone, it does not seem to be necessary to combine these two interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliza Gaweł
- Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Mikolowska Street 72a, 40-065 Katowice, Poland; (E.G.); (A.Z.)
| | - Barbara Hall
- Institute of Healthy Living, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Mikolowska Street 72, 40-065 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Szymon Siatkowski
- Institute of Healthy Living, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Mikolowska Street 72, 40-065 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Agata Grabowska
- Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Anna Zwierzchowska
- Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Mikolowska Street 72a, 40-065 Katowice, Poland; (E.G.); (A.Z.)
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37
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Košuta D, Novaković M, Božič Mijovski M, Jug B. Acute effects of high intensity interval training versus moderate intensity continuous training on haemostasis in patients with coronary artery disease. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1963. [PMID: 38263210 PMCID: PMC10806221 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52521-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Exercise training is associated with an acute net increase in coagulation, which may increase the risk of atherothrombosis in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. We sought to compare the acute haemostatic effects of a bout of moderate-intensity continuous (MICT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in patients with CAD. Patients after a recent myocardial infarction were randomized into a HIIT or MICT session of exercise training on a stationary bike. Blood was sampled at baseline, after the exercise bout and after a one-hour resting period. We measured overall haemostatic potential (OHP), overall coagulation potential (OCP), fibrinogen, D-dimer and von Willebrand factor (vWF) and calculated overall fibrinolytic potential (OFP). Linear mixed models for repeated measures were constructed to assess the treatment effect. A total of 117 patients were included. OCP, OHP, fibrinogen, D-dimer and vWF significantly increased after exercise and returned to baseline after a one-hour rest, OFP decreased after exercise and returned to baseline levels after a one-hour rest. Linear mixed models showed a significant difference between HIIT and MICT in fibrinogen (p 0.043) and D-dimer (p 0.042). Our study has shown that an exercise bout is associated with a transient procoagulant state in patients with CAD, with similar exercise-induced haemostatic changes for HIIT and MICT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Košuta
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- Department of Vascular Diseases, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška Cesta 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Marko Novaković
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Vascular Diseases, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška Cesta 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mojca Božič Mijovski
- Department of Vascular Diseases, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška Cesta 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Borut Jug
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Vascular Diseases, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška Cesta 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Wang H, Cheng R, Xie L, Hu F. Comparative efficacy of exercise training modes on systemic metabolic health in adults with overweight and obesity: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1294362. [PMID: 38288474 PMCID: PMC10823366 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1294362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This network meta-analysis (NMA) was conducted to compare and rank the effects of training interventions including aerobic exercise (AE), resistance training (RT), combined aerobic and resistance training (CT), and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on vital metabolic indicators in adults with overweight and obesity. Methods PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, and Web of Science were searched from 1990 to February 2023. Articles were included if they described randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining the effects of exercise training on anthropometry parameters, lipid profiles, glucose metabolism, blood pressure, and cardiorespiratory fitness in adults with overweight and obesity. Weighted mean difference with 95% CI was calculated. Results A total of 28 studies with 1,620 patients were included. Results revealed that AE exerts best effects on weight loss (-2.35 [-4.05, -0.64]) and body mass index (-0.9 [-1.38, -0.42]), while HIIT is the most effective in reducing waist circumference (-5.93 [10.71, -1.15]), percentage body fat (-3.93 [-5.73, -2.12]), serum triglycerides (-20.55 [-37.20, -3.91]), and fasting blood glucose (-14.31 [-22.47, -6.16]) and improving VO2 max (7.41 [4.37, 10.45]). However, no significant benefit was observed in terms of total cholesterol and blood pressure. Conclusions AE is the optimal exercise type for reducing body weight and BMI, while HIIT exerts the most beneficial effects on improving body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, and metabolic abnormalities in adults with overweight and obesity. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023444322, identifier CRD42023444322.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ruitang Cheng
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lijun Xie
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fang Hu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Skouras AZ, Antonakis-Karamintzas D, Tsolakis C, Koulouvaris P. Unraveling the "golden ratio": a pilot study investigating acute-to-chronic workload ratio in breast cancer patients undergoing active treatment. Front Physiol 2024; 14:1273624. [PMID: 38260104 PMCID: PMC10801086 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1273624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Training load monitoring is a common practice in sports medicine for supporting athletes' health and performance. Despite progress in exercise oncology research for breast cancer patients, training load monitoring is underutilized. This study retrospectively investigated the relationship between maintained training load within a defined range and physical and health outcomes of ten breast cancer patients during active anticancer treatment who underwent a 12-week exercise program. Intervention consisted of endurance and resistance training, three times a week, with each session lasting 30-45 min. Assessments were conducted at baseline, 6 and 12 weeks after enrollment, evaluating physical function (6-min walk test-6MWT, and sit-to-stand), muscle strength, body composition, sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index-Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), quality of life (EORTC-QLQ-C30), heart rate variability and physical activity levels (International Physical Activity Questionnaire-International Physical Activity Questionnaire). The Physiological Cost Index/Energy Expenditure Index (PCI/EEI) was estimated using the 6MWT and Heart rate. Training load monitoring was performed by session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE, relative intensity multiplying with session duration). Acute-to-Chronic Workload Ratio (ACWR) (7:28, rolling average) was calculated accordingly. Analyses were performed within-subjects across time points and between-subjects, comparing those who maintained from weeks 6-12 an ACWR of 0.8-1.3 with those who did not. Adherence rates were similar between groups. Physical function improved in the total sample with large effect sizes (Δ6MWT = 56.5 m [95%CI: 6-100 m], effect size [w] = 0.52, p = 0.006; ΔSit-to-Stand = 1.5 [95%CI: 1-5], effect size [w] = 0.681, p < 0.001), demonstrating greater changes in patients with higher ACWR. Sleep quality improvements were higher in the appropriate ACWR group (p = 0.016). A positive correlation was demonstrated between global health status and 6MWT change from baseline to 12 weeks (ρ = 0.689, p = 0.04). Despite a small sample size, patients maintaining sufficient relative training load presented greater physical fitness and sleep quality improvements. Thus, training load monitoring may enhance exercise program benefits in breast cancer patients under active treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apostolos Z. Skouras
- Sports Excellence, 1st Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Antonakis-Karamintzas
- Sports Excellence, 1st Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Charilaos Tsolakis
- Sports Excellence, 1st Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Sports Performance Laboratory, School of Physical Education & Sports Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Koulouvaris
- Sports Excellence, 1st Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Tardif CB, Mathieu ME, Caru M, Al-Simaani A, Girard-Bock C, Cloutier A, Stickland MK, Nuyt AM, Luu TM. HAPI Fit: An Exercise Intervention to Improve Peak Aerobic Capacity in Young Adults Born Very Preterm. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2024; 56:44-52. [PMID: 37707478 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Individuals born preterm have reduced aerobic capacity, which could be related to impaired organ development. Their capacity to improve aerobic capacity with exercise training could therefore be limited, but this remains unknown. We aimed to test an exercise intervention to improve cardiorespiratory fitness in adults born preterm. METHODS Twenty-one very preterm and 37 full-term individuals aged 18-33 yr took part in a 14-wk supervised exercise intervention of cardiovascular, resistance, and flexibility training (two group and one individual sessions per week). Adherence and compliance to intervention were recorded. Primary outcome was change in peak oxygen consumption (peak V̇O 2 ) measured before and after the intervention. Within- and between-group differences were estimated using nonparametric tests. RESULTS Of 219 eligible individuals, 58 were enrolled and 14 participants dropped out over the course of the intervention. Among the 44 who completed the intervention, mean adherence was 82% and 66% for group and individual sessions, respectively. Compliance with training requirement varied between 71% and 100%. There was no difference in adherence between the preterm and full-term groups. Because only one preterm male met the adherence criteria, subsequent analyses were done exclusively on females. Both the term and preterm groups achieved higher peak V̇O 2 after the intervention [term = +4.2 (SD 4.3) mL·min -1 ·kg -1 , P < 0.01; preterm = +4.7 (2.9) mL·min -1 ·kg -1 , P < 0.01]. There was no between-group difference in the response to the intervention ( P = 0.729). CONCLUSIONS Recruitment and adherence to an exercise intervention are challenging. Results could indicate improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness in young women born preterm after current exercise program. Adaptation of this intervention is needed for wider uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Amy Al-Simaani
- Research Center, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, CANADA
| | - Camille Girard-Bock
- Research Center, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, CANADA
| | - Anik Cloutier
- Research Center, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, CANADA
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Jabbour G, Iancu HD. Anaerobic and aerobic contributions to repeated supramaximal cycling exercises and their adaptation to high-intensity interval training in obese perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. Menopause 2024; 31:39-45. [PMID: 38086015 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000002284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the anaerobic and aerobic contributions to total energy release during repeated supramaximal cycling exercises (SCE) and their adaptation in response to 6 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in obese perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. METHODS Nineteen perimenopausal women and 21 postmenopausal women with an average age of 50.1 years participated in the 6-week HIIT intervention. Before and after the training, the accumulated oxygen deficits (mL·min -1 ) and anaerobic and aerobic contributions (%) were measured in all groups via repeated SCE. RESULTS The results showed that, before training, the anaerobic contributions to repeated SCE did not differ between the perimenopausal and postmenopausal women for the first three repetitions. However, a higher decrease was reported for postmenopausal women at the fourth and fifth repetitions ( P < 0.01, respectively). After HIIT, anaerobic contributions increased significantly in both groups ( P < 0.01, respectively). Nevertheless, postmenopausal women still had significantly lower anaerobic contributions to repeated SCE compared with perimenopausal women ( P < 0.01, respectively). Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that menopause status was an independent predictor of anaerobic contribution, accounting for 17%, 21%, 15%, 19%, and 22% of variations (β = 0.28, P = 0.03; β = 0.29, P = 0.04; β = 0.18, P = 0.05; β = 0.22, P = 0.05; and β = 0.33, P = 0.03 for the first to the fifth repetitions consecutively for perimenopausal vs postmenopausal groups). CONCLUSIONS A 6-week HIIT intervention increased the anaerobic contributions to energy in response to repeated SCE in obese perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. However, postmenopausal women had lower anaerobic contributions at the fourth and fifth repetitions mainly due to the effects of menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georges Jabbour
- From the Physical Education Department, College of Education, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Horia D Iancu
- School of Kinesiology and Leisure, University of Moncton, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
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Chen Y, Feng X, Huang L, Wang K, Mi J. Comparative efficacy of concurrent training types on lower limb strength and muscular hypertrophy: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. J Exerc Sci Fit 2024; 22:86-96. [PMID: 38187085 PMCID: PMC10767279 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2023.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aims to compare, through quantitative analysis, the effectiveness of different endurance training types on increasing lower limb strength and muscle cross-sectional area (MCSA) in concurrent training. Methods This systematic literature search was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) [PROSPERO ID: CRD42023396886]. Web of Science, SportDiscuss, Pubmed, Cochrane, and Scopus were systematically searched from their inception date to October 20, 2023. Results A total of 40 studies (841 participants) were included in this meta-analysis. MCSA analysis showed that, compared to resistance training alone, concurrent high-intensity interval running training and resistance training and concurrent moderate-intensity continuous cycling training and resistance training were more effective (SMD = 0.15, 95% CI = -0.46 to 0.76, and SMD = 0.07, 95% CI = -0.24 to 0.38 respectively), while other modalities of concurrent training not. Lower body maximal strength analysis showed that all modalities of concurrent training were inferior to resistance training alone, but concurrent high-intensity interval training and resistance training showed an advantage in four different concurrent training modalities (SMD = -0.08, 95% CI = -0.25 to 0.08). For explosive strength, only concurrent high-intensity interval training and resistance training was superior to resistance training (SMD = 0.06, 95% CI = -0.21 to 0.33). Conclusion Different endurance training types have an impact on the effectiveness of concurrent training, particularly on lower limb strength. Adopting high-intensity interval running as the endurance training type in concurrent training can effectively minimize the adverse effects on lower limb strength and MCSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Chen
- School of Competitive Sports, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xinmiao Feng
- School of Competitive Sports, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Lanmin Huang
- School of Competitive Sports, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Keli Wang
- School of Competitive Sports, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jing Mi
- School of Competitive Sports, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, PR China
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Sato S, Ishida K, Tanaka NI, Katayama K. Impact of high-intensity interval hyperpnea on aerobic energy release and inspiratory muscle fatigue. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2024; 319:104170. [PMID: 37838229 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2023.104170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory muscle endurance training reportedly has beneficial effects on whole-body endurance performance. We produced a novel high-intensity interval (HII) protocol and characterized the associated physiological responses and respiratory muscle fatigue. Peak oxygen uptake of respiratory muscle (V̇O2peakRM) was estimated during the respiratory incremental test. The HII session consisted of five 3-minute hyperpnea periods at 100%V̇O2peakRM interspersed with 2-minute periods at 40%V̇O2peakRM (25 min total). The high-intensity continuous (HIC) session involved a single time-to-end bout of hyperpnea at 100%V̇O2peakRM. The moderate-intensity continuous (MIC) session involved 25 min of hyperpnea at 60% of maximal voluntary ventilation. V̇O2RM was recorded continuously, and maximal inspiratory pressure (PImax) was assessed before and after the sessions. HII session: V̇O2RM gradually increased as the sets proceeded, whereas PImax decreased significantly. HIC session: V̇O2RM increased progressively, and the time to end was 6.5 ± 0.5 min. PImax decreased significantly. MIC session: V̇O2RM did not change for 25 min, and PImax remained unchanged. The duration of V̇O2RM at near- and supra-maximal levels in the HII session (10 ± 1 min) was longer than that in the HIC session (4 ± 1 min). The decrease in PImax was larger in the HII session (-12 ± 3 %) than MIC session (-4 ± 3 %). The HII protocol is characterized by a longer time to maximally stimulate the aerobic energy system of respiratory muscle than the HIC protocol and greater inspiratory muscle fatigue than the traditional MIC protocol. These results suggest that the HII protocol could enhance the efficacy of respiratory muscle training programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzuna Sato
- Graduate School of Education and Human Development, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Koji Ishida
- Research Center of Health, Physical Fitness and Sports, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan; Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Noriko I Tanaka
- Graduate School of Education and Human Development, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan; Research Center of Health, Physical Fitness and Sports, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keisho Katayama
- Research Center of Health, Physical Fitness and Sports, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan; Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.
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Lock M, Yousef I, McFadden B, Mansoor H, Townsend N. Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Performance Adaptations to High-Intensity Interval Training: Are There Differences Between Men and Women? A Systematic Review with Meta-Analyses. Sports Med 2024; 54:127-167. [PMID: 37676620 PMCID: PMC10799129 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-023-01914-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is important to consider biological sex as a variable that might influence exercise adaptation in order to optimize exercise prescription for men and women. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to quantify the impact of biological sex on maximal oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text]O2max) and performance outcomes after high-intensity interval training (HIIT). METHODS A systematic search and review was conducted by two independent reviewers up to 8 September 2022 using MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, and Sports Medicine & Education Index in ProQuest. Trials including healthy adults were included if they presented data for or compared male and female [Formula: see text]O2max or performance outcomes in response to HIIT. Performance outcomes included measures of exercise performance and concurrently measured physiological adaptations. Where appropriate, a random-effects, pre-post meta-analysis was undertaken. Data were sub-grouped for men and women, baseline training level, mean age, intervention type, and intervention length. Heterogeneity was assessed using Chi2, Cochran's Q, and Higgins I2 and sensitivity analyses, where required. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and publication bias was assessed through visual inspection of funnel plots. RESULTS Thirty-three references from 28 trials were included in the review (n = 965; 462 women and 503 men). Meta-analyses included 19 studies for [Formula: see text]O2max, eight for peak power output from [Formula: see text]O2max testing (PPO), and five for threshold power (powerAT). Meta-analyses revealed similar increases in [Formula: see text]O2max in women (g = 0.57; 95% CI 0.44-0.69) and men (g = 0.57; 95% CI 0.42-0.72), and powerAT in women (g = 0.38; 95% CI 0.13-0.64) and men (g = 0.38; 95% CI 0.11-0.64). Raw mean differences for change in [Formula: see text]O2max were Δ 0.32 L·min-1 and 3.50 mL·kg-1·min-1 in men, versus Δ 0.20 L·min-1 and 3.34 mL·kg-1·min-1 for women. No significant sex differences were present for the primary analysis of any outcome. After sub-grouping, significant differences were present for PPO where the effect size was higher for well-trained women (g = 0.37) compared with well-trained men (g = 0.17), and for [Formula: see text]O2max where interventions with a duration of 4 weeks or less had significantly smaller effect sizes compared with those longer than 4 weeks (p < 0.001). Unweighted mean percentage change in [Formula: see text]O2max, PPO, and powerAT across studies was 11.16 ± 7.39%, 11.16 ± 5.99%, and 8.07 ± 6.55% for women, and 10.90 ± 5.75%, 8.22 ± 5.09%, and 7.09 ± 7.17% for men, respectively. Significant heterogeneity was present for both [Formula: see text]O2max and PPO (I2, range: 62.06-78.80%). Sub-grouping by baseline training status and intervention length decreased heterogeneity in most groups. A qualitative synthesis of other outcomes indicated similar improvements in fitness and performance for men and women with some evidence suggesting differences in the mechanisms of adaptation. LIMITATIONS AND RISK OF BIAS Publication bias is unlikely to have significantly influenced results for [Formula: see text]O2max or powerAT, but the meta-analysis of PPO could have benefitted from additional study data to strengthen results. The overlap in age categories and sensitivity of the analysis limits the accuracy of the results of the sub-grouping by age. CONCLUSIONS Findings indicated no sex-specific differences for any fitness or performance outcomes. Baseline training status and intervention length accounted for most variability in outcomes. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021272615.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merilyn Lock
- Division of Exercise Science, Health and Epidemiology, College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Ibtisam Yousef
- Division of Exercise Science, Health and Epidemiology, College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
- Patient and Family Education Unit, Nursing Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Bridget McFadden
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
- Department of Family, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, Queens College, City University of New York, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Hend Mansoor
- Division of Exercise Science, Health and Epidemiology, College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Nathan Townsend
- Division of Exercise Science, Health and Epidemiology, College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
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Cipryan L, Kosek V, García CJ, Dostal T, Bechynska K, Hajslova J, Hofmann P. A lipidomic and metabolomic signature of a very low-carbohydrate high-fat diet and high-intensity interval training: an additional analysis of a randomized controlled clinical trial. Metabolomics 2023; 20:10. [PMID: 38141101 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-023-02071-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Regular physical activity and dietary variety are modifiable and influential factors of health outcomes. However, the cumulative effects of these behaviors are not well understood. Metabolomics may have a promising research potential to extend our knowledge and use it in the attempts to find a long-term and sustainable personalized approach in exercise and diet recommendations. OBJECTIVE The main aim was to investigate the effect of the 12 week very low carbohydrate high fat (VLCHF) diet and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on lipidomic and metabolomic profiles in individuals with overweight and obesity. METHODS The participants (N = 91) were randomly allocated to HIIT (N = 22), VLCHF (N = 25), VLCHF + HIIT (N = 25) or control (N = 19) groups for 12 weeks. Fasting plasma samples were collected before the intervention and after 4, 8 and 12 weeks. The samples were then subjected to untargeted lipidomic and metabolomic analyses using reversed phase ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry. RESULTS The VLCHF diet affected plasma lipids considerably while the effect of HIIT was unremarkable. Already after 4 weeks of intervention substantial changes of plasma lipids were found in both VLCHF diet groups. The changes persisted throughout the entire 12 weeks of the VLCHF diet. Specifically, acyl carnitines, plasmalogens, fatty acyl esters of hydroxy fatty acid, sphingomyelin, ceramides, cholesterol esters, fatty acids and 4-hydroxybutyric were identified as lipid families that increased in the VLCHF diet groups whereas lipid families of triglycerides and glycerophospholipids decreased. Additionally, metabolomic analysis showed a decrease of theobromine. CONCLUSIONS This study deciphers the specific responses to a VLCHF diet, HIIT and their combination by analysing untargeted lipidomic and metabolomic profile. VLCHF diet caused divergent changes of plasma lipids and other metabolites when compared to the exercise and control group which may contribute to a better understanding of metabolic changes and the appraisal of VLCHF diet benefits and harms. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY NUMBER NCT03934476, registered 1st May 2019 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03934476?term=NCT03934476&draw=2&rank=1 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Cipryan
- Department of Human Movement Studies and Human Motion Diagnostic Centre, The University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Vit Kosek
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, 16628, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Carlos J García
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, 16628, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Dostal
- Department of Human Movement Studies and Human Motion Diagnostic Centre, The University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Kamila Bechynska
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, 16628, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Hajslova
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, 16628, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Hofmann
- Institute of Human Movement Science, Sport and Health, Exercise Physiology, Training and Training Therapy Research Group, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Tyler J, Podaras M, Richardson B, Roeder N, Hammond N, Hamilton J, Blum K, Gold M, Baron DA, Thanos PK. High intensity interval training exercise increases dopamine D2 levels and modulates brain dopamine signaling. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1257629. [PMID: 38192549 PMCID: PMC10773799 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1257629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Previous research has outlined the health benefits of exercise including its therapeutic potential for substance use disorders (SUD). These data have already been utilized and it is now common to find exercise as part of SUD treatment and relapse prevention programs. However, we need to better understand different exercise regimens and determine which would be the most beneficial for SUDs. Recently, high intensity interval training (HIIT) has gained attention in comparison with aerobic and resistance exercise. Little is known regarding the neurobiological mechanisms of HIIT, including its effects on dopamine signaling and receptor levels in the brain. The present study examined the effects of chronic HIIT exercise on dopamine signaling as measured by dopamine type 1-like receptor (D1R)-like, dopamine type 2-like receptor (D2R)-like, and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) quantification in the brains of male and female rats as measured by [3H] SCH 23390 and [3H] spiperone autoradiography, and TH-immunoreactive optical density values. Methods Rats were separated in two groups: sedentary and HIIT exercise. Exercise was on a treadmill for 30 min daily (10 3 min cycles) for six weeks with progressive speed increased up to 0.8 mph (21.5 m/min). Results Results showed for D2R-like binding, a significant effect across the ventral caudate putamen (V CPU) between sexes, such that mean D2R-like binding was 14% greater for males than females. In the nucleus accumbens shell (Nac Shell), the HIIT Exercise rats showed 16% greater D2R-like binding as compared to the sedentary rats. No significant effects of HIIT exercise were found across groups for brain D1R-like binding levels or TH expression. Conclusion These results suggest that HIIT exercise can modulate dopamine signaling by way of increased D2R. These findings support the premise that HIIT exercise plays an important role in dopamine signaling and, may provide a potential mechanism for how HIIT exercise can impact the brain and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Tyler
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions (BNNLA), Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Madeline Podaras
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions (BNNLA), Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
- Department of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Brittany Richardson
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions (BNNLA), Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Nicole Roeder
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions (BNNLA), Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Nikki Hammond
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions (BNNLA), Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - John Hamilton
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions (BNNLA), Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Kenneth Blum
- Center for Sports, Exercsie and Mental Health, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Mark Gold
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - David A. Baron
- Center for Sports, Exercsie and Mental Health, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Panayotis K. Thanos
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions (BNNLA), Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
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Gillet A, Forton K, Lamotte M, Macera F, Roussoulières A, Louis P, Ibrahim M, Dewachter C, van de Borne P, Deboeck G. Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training Using the 3/7 Resistance Training Method on Metabolic Stress in People with Heart Failure and Coronary Artery Disease: A Randomized Cross-Over Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:7743. [PMID: 38137812 PMCID: PMC10743906 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12247743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The 3/7 resistance training (RT) method involves performing sets with increasing numbers of repetitions, and shorter rest periods than the 3x9 method. Therefore, it could induce more metabolic stress in people with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) or coronary artery disease (CAD). This randomized cross-over study tested this hypothesis. Eleven individuals with HFrEF and thirteen with CAD performed high-intensity interval training (HIIT) for 30 min, followed by 3x9 or 3/7 RT according to group allocation. pH, HCO3-, lactate, and growth hormone were measured at baseline, after HIIT, and after RT. pH and HCO3- decreased, and lactate increased after both RT methods. In the CAD group, lactate increased more (6.99 ± 2.37 vs. 9.20 ± 3.57 mmol/L, p = 0.025), pH tended to decrease more (7.29 ± 0.06 vs. 7.33 ± 0.04, p = 0.060), and HCO3- decreased more (18.6 ± 3.1 vs. 21.1 ± 2.5 mmol/L, p = 0.004) after 3/7 than 3x9 RT. In the HFrEF group, lactate, pH, and HCO3- concentrations did not differ between RT methods (all p > 0.248). RT did not increase growth hormone in either patient group. In conclusion, the 3/7 RT method induced more metabolic stress than the 3x9 method in people with CAD but not HFrEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Gillet
- Department of Cardiology, CUB Hôpital Erasme, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (A.G.); (K.F.); (M.L.); (F.M.); (A.R.); (C.D.); (P.v.d.B.)
- Department of Physiotherapy, CUB Hôpital Erasme, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
- Research Unit in Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Motor Skills Science, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Kevin Forton
- Department of Cardiology, CUB Hôpital Erasme, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (A.G.); (K.F.); (M.L.); (F.M.); (A.R.); (C.D.); (P.v.d.B.)
- Department of Physiotherapy, CUB Hôpital Erasme, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Michel Lamotte
- Department of Cardiology, CUB Hôpital Erasme, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (A.G.); (K.F.); (M.L.); (F.M.); (A.R.); (C.D.); (P.v.d.B.)
- Department of Physiotherapy, CUB Hôpital Erasme, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Francesca Macera
- Department of Cardiology, CUB Hôpital Erasme, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (A.G.); (K.F.); (M.L.); (F.M.); (A.R.); (C.D.); (P.v.d.B.)
| | - Ana Roussoulières
- Department of Cardiology, CUB Hôpital Erasme, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (A.G.); (K.F.); (M.L.); (F.M.); (A.R.); (C.D.); (P.v.d.B.)
| | - Pauline Louis
- Department of Physiotherapy, CUB Hôpital Erasme, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Malko Ibrahim
- Research Unit in Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Motor Skills Science, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Céline Dewachter
- Department of Cardiology, CUB Hôpital Erasme, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (A.G.); (K.F.); (M.L.); (F.M.); (A.R.); (C.D.); (P.v.d.B.)
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe van de Borne
- Department of Cardiology, CUB Hôpital Erasme, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (A.G.); (K.F.); (M.L.); (F.M.); (A.R.); (C.D.); (P.v.d.B.)
| | - Gaël Deboeck
- Research Unit in Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Motor Skills Science, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium;
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Tsuji K, Tsuchiya Y, Ueda H, Ochi E. Home-based high-intensity interval training improves cardiorespiratory fitness: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2023; 15:166. [PMID: 38053128 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-023-00777-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is an effective methods to improve maximal oxygen uptake. However, there is no definitive conclusion about the specific effectiveness of home-based HIIT. This review investigated the effects of home-based HIIT on cardiorespiratory fitness in a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS Four electronic databases were searched (PubMed, Cochran database, Web of Science, Igaku Chuo Zasshi) for studies through March 25, 2023. Eligibility criteria include randomized controlled trials of home-based HIIT in adult people regardless disease or handicaped. Comparisons were made between non-exercise controls, laboratory-based HIIT, and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT). The primary outcome was defined as cardiorespiratory fitness and the secondary outcome was defined as patient-reported outcomes. The standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was calculated for quantitative indices. The random-effect model was used as the pooling method. RESULTS Two hundred seven studies were identified, and 15 satisfied the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis for cardiorespiratory fitness showed superiority of home-based HIIT to non-exercise controls (SMD 0.61, 95% CI: 0.21, 1.02). However, no significant difference in cardiorespiratory fitness was observed between home-based HIIT and lab-based HIIT (SMD: -0.35, 95%CI: -0.73, 0.03). Also, no significant difference was observed between the home-based HIIT and MICT (SMD 0.34, 95% CI: -0.05, 0.73). CONCLUSION These results indicated that home-based HIIT was an effective intervention for improving cardiorespiratory fitness in healthy adults and patients. Importantly, this review found no significant differences in cardiorespiratory fitness between home-based HIIT and the group of laboratory HIIT and MICT, highlighting its comparable effectiveness and potential as a practical and valuable exercise intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsunori Tsuji
- Sports Research Center, Hosei University, 4-1 Kizukiomachi Nakahara, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 211-0031, Japan.
| | - Yosuke Tsuchiya
- Center for Liberal Arts, Laboratory of Health and Sports Sciences, Meiji Gakuin University, 1518, Kamikurata-Cho, Totsuka, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 244-8539, Japan
| | - Hisashi Ueda
- Faculty of Health and Medical Science, Teikyo Heisei University, 4-1, Uruidominami, Ichihara, Chiba, 290-0193, Japan
| | - Eisuke Ochi
- Faculty of Bioscience and Applied Chemistry, Hosei University, 3-7-2, Kajino, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8584, Japan.
- Graduate School of Sports and Health Studies, Hosei University, 4342, Aihara-Cho, Machida, Tokyo, 194-0298, Japan.
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49
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Knappett H, Haines M. Effects of Time-Efficient Occupational Exercise on Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Firefighters. J Occup Environ Med 2023; 65:e785-e790. [PMID: 37757773 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE For a cohort of operational firefighters, we assessed the effects of workplace-based high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on cardiorespiratory fitness. METHODS Fifteen firefighters performed HIIT or moderate-intensity continuous training for 4 weeks. Outcomes were peak oxygen uptake, time trial performance, and affective (pleasure/displeasure) responses to exercise. RESULTS There was an increase in peak oxygen uptake for both conditions, although this did not reach statistical significance ( P = 0.06, η2 = 0.26) and time trial performance improved for both groups (2%, P < 0.01, η2 = 0.51). Affective responses were more favorable for HIIT, but both conditions avoided excessive sensations of displeasure. CONCLUSION Results suggest that workplace-based HIIT improved fitness and performance to a similar magnitude to moderate-intensity continuous training while avoiding overly negative affective responses and could improve occupational health of firefighters, despite reduced time commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Knappett
- From the Department of Allied Health Professions, Sport, and Exercise, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
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50
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Coates AM, Joyner MJ, Little JP, Jones AM, Gibala MJ. A Perspective on High-Intensity Interval Training for Performance and Health. Sports Med 2023; 53:85-96. [PMID: 37804419 PMCID: PMC10721680 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-023-01938-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Interval training is a simple concept that refers to repeated bouts of relatively hard work interspersed with recovery periods of easier work or rest. The method has been used by high-level athletes for over a century to improve performance in endurance-type sports and events such as middle- and long-distance running. The concept of interval training to improve health, including in a rehabilitative context or when practiced by individuals who are relatively inactive or deconditioned, has also been advanced for decades. An important issue that affects the interpretation and application of interval training is the lack of standardized terminology. This particularly relates to the classification of intensity. There is no common definition of the term "high-intensity interval training" (HIIT) despite its widespread use. We contend that in a performance context, HIIT can be characterized as intermittent exercise bouts performed above the heavy-intensity domain. This categorization of HIIT is primarily encompassed by the severe-intensity domain. It is demarcated by indicators that principally include the critical power or critical speed, or other indices, including the second lactate threshold, maximal lactate steady state, or lactate turnpoint. In a health context, we contend that HIIT can be characterized as intermittent exercise bouts performed above moderate intensity. This categorization of HIIT is primarily encompassed by the classification of vigorous intensity. It is demarcated by various indicators related to perceived exertion, oxygen uptake, or heart rate as defined in authoritative public health and exercise prescription guidelines. A particularly intense variant of HIIT commonly termed "sprint interval training" can be distinguished as repeated bouts performed with near-maximal to "all out" effort. This characterization coincides with the highest intensity classification identified in training zone models or exercise prescription guidelines, including the extreme-intensity domain, anaerobic speed reserve, or near-maximal to maximal intensity classification. HIIT is considered an essential training component for the enhancement of athletic performance, but the optimal intensity distribution and specific HIIT prescription for endurance athletes is unclear. HIIT is also a viable method to improve cardiorespiratory fitness and other health-related indices in people who are insufficiently active, including those with cardiometabolic diseases. Research is needed to clarify responses to different HIIT strategies using robust study designs that employ best practices. We offer a perspective on the topic of HIIT for performance and health, including a conceptual framework that builds on the work of others and outlines how the method can be defined and operationalized within each context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M Coates
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Michael J Joyner
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jonathan P Little
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Andrew M Jones
- Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Martin J Gibala
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada.
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