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Hu N, Wu Y, Yao Q, Huang S, Li W, Yao Z, Ye C. Association between late bedtime and obesity in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis. Front Pediatr 2024; 12:1342514. [PMID: 38560399 PMCID: PMC10978672 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1342514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Short sleep duration has been related to obesity in children and adolescents. However, it remains unknown whether late bedtime is also associated with obesity and whether the association is independent of sleep duration. A meta-analysis was performed to address this issue. Methods In order to accomplish the aim of the meta-analysis, a comprehensive search was conducted on databases including PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science to identify observational studies. The cutoff to determine late bedtime in children in this meta-analysis was consistent with the value used among the included original studies. As for obesity, it was typically defined as a body mass index (BMI) > 95th percentile of age and sex specified reference standards or the International Obesity Task Force defined age- and gender-specific cut-off of BMI. The Cochrane Q test was employed to evaluate heterogeneity among the included studies, while the I2 statistic was estimated. Random-effects models were utilized to merge the results, considering the potential impact of heterogeneity. Results Tweleve observational studies with 57,728 participants were included. Among them, 6,815 (11.8%) were obese. Pooled results showed that late bedtime reported by the participants or their caregivers was associated with obesity (odds ratio [OR]: 1.27, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.16-1.39, p < 0.001; I2 = 0%). Subgroup analysis showed consistent results in studies with (OR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.04-1.70, p = 0.02) and without adjustment of sleep duration (OR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.14-1.41, p < 0.001). Further subgroup analysis also showed that the association was not significantly affected by study location, design, age of the participants, or diagnostic methods for obesity (p for subgroup difference all >0.05). Conclusion Late bedtime is associated with obesity in children and adolescents, which may be independent of sleep duration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Chunfeng Ye
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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2
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Godoy-Cumillaf A, Fuentes-Merino P, Farías-Valenzuela C, Duclos-Bastías D, Giakoni-Ramírez F, Bruneau-Chávez J, Merellano-Navarro E. The Association between Sedentary Behavior, Physical Activity, and Physical Fitness with Body Mass Index and Sleep Time in Chilean Girls and Boys: A Cross-Sectional Study. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:981. [PMID: 37371213 DOI: 10.3390/children10060981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent decades, the school population has undergone behavioral changes that have affected their health and adult life. The current educational scenario presents high levels of sedentary behavior, physical inactivity, low physical fitness, high levels of obesity, and non-compliance with sleep recommendations. In Chile, the scientific evidence on associations between these behaviors is incipient. OBJECTIVE To analyze the association between sedentary behavior, physical activity, and physical fitness with BMI and minutes of sleep in Chilean children aged 10 to 11 years. METHODS A non-probabilistic convenience sample of 222 schoolchildren aged 10 to 11 years. The variables measured were body composition (BMI), cardiorespiratory fitness (20 m shuttle run test), lower and upper muscular strength (long jump test and handgrip dynamometry), speed (4 × 10 m running), and flexibility (sit and reach test). Physical activity and sleep were measured by accelerometers. RESULTS Of the participants, 60.4% and 90.6% did not comply with sleep and physical activity recommendations, respectively. Physical fitness was higher in boys in all components. The results of the linear regression show that in girls, moderate-vigorous-intensity physical activity, lower- and upper-body muscular strength, and cardiorespiratory endurance were associated with BMI and sleep. In boys, light-intensity physical activity and upper-body muscular strength were associated with both variables. CONCLUSIONS Physical activity intensity, strength, and cardiorespiratory fitness were associated with BMI and sleep; however, physical activity intensity and associated physical fitness components differed by gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Godoy-Cumillaf
- Grupo de Investigación en Educación Física, Salud y Calidad de Vida (EFISAL), Facultad de Educación, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Paola Fuentes-Merino
- Grupo de Investigación en Educación Física, Salud y Calidad de Vida (EFISAL), Facultad de Educación, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | | | - Daniel Duclos-Bastías
- School of Physical Education, Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile
- IGOID Research Group, Physical Activity and Sport Science Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Frano Giakoni-Ramírez
- Facultad de Educación y Ciencias Sociales, Instituto del Deporte y Bienestar, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 7550000, Chile
| | - José Bruneau-Chávez
- Departamento de Educación Física, Deportes y Recreación, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Eugenio Merellano-Navarro
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Faculty of Education Sciences, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3530000, Chile
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3
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Juelich J, Owens R, Denny D, Raatz S, Lindseth G. Effects of Sleep on Adolescents' Appetite, Dietary Intake, and Weight. SAGE Open Nurs 2023; 9:23779608231206753. [PMID: 37881811 PMCID: PMC10594957 DOI: 10.1177/23779608231206753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Several factors have been associated with excess weight gain in adolescents, including loss of sleep. Objective The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of sleep factors on appetite, dietary intake, and the body weights of adolescent youth. Methods A prospective correlational study design was used. Male and female adolescents (N = 76) ages 12-18 years completed a 5-night study. Sleep was assessed using Fitbits (88.5% accuracy) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) (test-retest reliability = .81); appetite was assessed by a Visual Analog Scale (α = 0.84); dietary intake was assessed by the Block Kids Food Screener (reliability up to .88); sleep hygiene was assessed using the Adolescent Sleep Hygiene Practice Scale (α = .67). Results Poor sleep quality was reported by 39.5% of participants, and 75% of participants had inadequate sleep time (7.33 h). Participants' age significantly correlated with PSQI scores (r = .28, p < .05) and BMI (r = .37, p < .01). Participants' PSQI scores significantly correlated with sleep hygiene (r = .45, p = .05) and appetite (r = .3 3, p < .01). Sleep latency significantly correlated with sleep hygiene (r = .32, p < .05). Several sleep hygiene factors correlated significantly with the participants' sleep quality, quantity and latency scores and dietary intakes. Conclusion These findings suggest that changes in sleep hygiene practices may improve adolescent sleep quality and quantity as well as appetite and dietary intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janell Juelich
- Division of Nursing, Mayville State University, Mayville, ND, USA
| | - Rhoda Owens
- College of Nursing and Professional Disciplines, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Dawn Denny
- College of Nursing and Professional Disciplines, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Susan Raatz
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Glenda Lindseth
- College of Nursing and Professional Disciplines, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
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Gandhi AA, Wilson TA, Sisley S, Elsea SH, Foster RH. Relationships between food-related behaviors, obesity, and medication use in individuals with Smith-Magenis syndrome. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2022; 127:104257. [PMID: 35597045 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2022.104257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smith-Magenis syndrome (SMS) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder that includes obesity and food-seeking/satiety-related behaviors. AIMS This study examined associations between food-related/hyperphagic behaviors, weight, and medication use in individuals with SMS. METHODS/PROCEDURES Caregivers of individuals with SMS in the Parents and Researchers Interested in SMS (PRISMS) Patient Registry completed a demographic/medication questionnaire, the Hyperphagia Questionnaire for Clinical Trials, and the Food Related Problems Questionnaire. OUTCOMES/RESULTS Among 49 participants (Mage = 16.41 ± 12.73 years, range = 4-69 years, 55% girls/women), individuals with SMS with overweight/obesity (n = 22) had worse overall food-related problems including greater impaired satiety (p < 0.05), maladaptive eating behaviors (p < 0.05), inappropriate response (p < 0.01), and hyperphagia (p < 0.01) compared to individuals of normal/underweight (n = 27). Those taking anti-depressants/anxiolytics (n = 16) had greater maladaptive eating behaviors (p < 0.05), hyperphagic behaviors (p < 0.05), and hyperphagic severity (p < 0.05) than those not taking anti-depressants/anxiolytics (n = 33). Boys/men with SMS had greater maladaptive eating behaviors (p < 0.05), inappropriate response (p < 0.05), and hyperphagic drive (p < 0.01) than girls/women with SMS. CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS Maladaptive food-related behaviors were higher in individuals with SMS with overweight/obesity, taking anti-depressants/anxiolytics, or who were male. Medications in this population should be chosen with weight-related side effects in mind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusha A Gandhi
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Theresa A Wilson
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Stephanie Sisley
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sarah H Elsea
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Rebecca H Foster
- Department of Psychology, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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5
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Brunet JF, McNeil J, Jaeger Hintze L, Doucet É, Forest G. Interindividual differences in energy intake after sleep restriction: The role of personality and implicit attitudes toward food. Appetite 2021; 169:105844. [PMID: 34896388 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Sleep restriction (SR) often leads to an increase in energy intake (EI). However, large variability in EI after SR is often observed, which suggests that individual characteristics may affect food intake. The objective of this study was to explore the influence of characteristics generally associated with risk-taking (sensitivity to reward and personality traits: impulsiveness, sensation seeking) and implicit attitudes toward food on EI after sleep loss. 17 subjects completed the NEO-PI-3, an Implicit Association Test measuring implicit attitudes towards healthy and unhealthy foods, and the Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire. 24h Ad libitum EI was assessed following a habitual sleep night, a 50% SR with an advanced wake time, and a 50% SR with a delayed bedtime. Changes in EI between each SR condition and the control condition (ΔEI) were calculated for each subject. Despite no changes in overall EI between sleep conditions, results showed large interindividual variations (-669 to +899 kcal) across SR conditions. Regression modeling showed that a lower sensation seeking and higher favorable implicit attitudes towards unhealthy food were significantly associated with increased ΔEI in the advanced wake time condition. For the delayed bedtime, lower sensation seeking was associated with increased ΔEI while controlling for age, sex, REM sleep, and implicit attitudes. These results suggest that certain personality traits and implicit attitudes toward food are associated with changes in EI after sleep loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Brunet
- Laboratoire Du Sommeil, Département de Psychoéducation et de Psychologie, Université Du Québec en Outaouais, Gatineau, J8X 3X7, Canada
| | - Jessica McNeil
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, CancerControl Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, T2S 3C3, Canada
| | - Luzia Jaeger Hintze
- Behavioral and Metabolic Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Éric Doucet
- Behavioral and Metabolic Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Geneviève Forest
- Laboratoire Du Sommeil, Département de Psychoéducation et de Psychologie, Université Du Québec en Outaouais, Gatineau, J8X 3X7, Canada.
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6
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Yu J, Jin H, Wen L, Zhang W, Saffery R, Tong C, Qi H, Kilby MD, Baker PN. Insufficient sleep during infancy is correlated with excessive weight gain in childhood: a longitudinal twin cohort study. J Clin Sleep Med 2021; 17:2147-2154. [PMID: 34666881 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.9350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES To examine total sleep duration in infancy and the associations of insufficient sleep duration with later weight gain and the risk of overweight in a longitudinal twin cohort study. METHODS The data for this study are from the Longitudinal Twin Study (LoTiS), a twin-pregnancy birth cohort study that was carried out in China (n = 186 pairs). The sleep data were collected at 6 months using the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire that was completed by parents with the assistance of a research assistant. Anthropometric data were obtained from the children's health clinic records at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. RESULTS There were no significant differences between infants with insufficient sleep and those with sufficient sleep in terms of height, weight, body mass index, incidence of overweight, and body fat mass, while infants with insufficient sleep duration were predisposed to gain excessive weight from 6 to 12 and 6 to 18 months of age (all P < .05). After adjusting for confounding variables, insufficient sleep duration was found to be correlated with excessive weight gain from 6 to 18 months of age (odds ratio: 3.47; 95% confidence interval, 1.23-9.78). The relationship was more pronounced in monozygotic twins than in dizygotic twins. CONCLUSIONS Insufficient total sleep duration at the age of 6 months is correlated with the risk of excessive weight gain at 18 months of age in twins, particularly in monozygotic twins. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION Registry: Chinese Clinical Trial Register; Name: Unraveling the complex interplay between genes and environment in specifying early life determinants of illness in infancy: a longitudinal prenatal study of Chinese Twins. URL: http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=13839; Identifier: ChiCTR-OOC-16008203. CITATION Yu J, Jin H, Wen L, et al. Insufficient sleep during infancy is correlated with excessive weight gain in childhood: a longitudinal twin cohort study. J Clin Sleep Med. 2021;17(11):2147-2154.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxiao Yu
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huili Jin
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Wen
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenjin Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Richard Saffery
- Cancer, Disease, and Developmental Epigenetics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chao Tong
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongbo Qi
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Mark D Kilby
- Centre for Women's and Newborn Health, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Philip N Baker
- College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
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7
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Guimarães RDF, Gilbert JA, Lemoyne J, Mathieu ME. Better health indicators of FitSpirit participants meeting 24-h movement guidelines for Canadian children and youth. Health Promot Int 2021; 36:836-845. [PMID: 33111958 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daaa102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to determine the proportion of girls who meet the recommendations for moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), screen time and sleep duration among FitSpirit participants and evaluate the associations of these recommendations with perceived health-related quality of life (QOL), perceived health, physical activity (PA), self-efficacy and body mass index. Cross-sectional analyses of FitSpirit data were performed. All variables were collected through an online questionnaire. The proportion of girls meeting all recommendations was 2.2%, while 72.5% met either one or two and 25.4% met none. A greater percentage of girls with ≥3 years in FitSpirit met MVPA and sleep recommendations combined when compared with fewer years (12.9% vs. 1.7% with 1 year; vs. 10.1% with 2 years; p < 0.05). Meeting the combinations of MVPA and screen time (β = 0.19, 95% CI = 0.40, 1.68), MVPA and sleep (β = 0.20, 95% CI = 0.27, 1.04) and all three combined (β = 0.17, 95% CI = 0.33, 1.71) was the most significant predictors of better perceived QOL. Respecting MVPA recommendations predicted a better perceived health (β = 0.18, 95% CI = 0.18, 0.87) while girls who slept as recommended had a better PA-related self-efficacy (β = 0.23, 95% CI = 0.51, 2.11). Not meeting any recommendation was associated with inferior PA-related self-efficacy (β = -0.32, 95% CI = -3.03, -1.21). Lastly, meeting MVPA and sleep recommendations was significantly associated with lower body mass index z-scores (β = -0.14, 95% CI = -1.16, -0.11). There was a small percentage of girls following all of the recommendations. Furthermore, meeting individual and combined recommendations was associated with better perceived QOL and health, PA self-efficacy as well as healthier body mass index z-score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roseane de Fátima Guimarães
- École de kinésiologie et des sciences de l'activité physique, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, 2100 Edouard Montpetit Blvd. #8223, Montreal, QC, Canada H3T 1J4.,Centre de recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jo-Anne Gilbert
- École de kinésiologie et des sciences de l'activité physique, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, 2100 Edouard Montpetit Blvd. #8223, Montreal, QC, Canada H3T 1J4
| | - Jean Lemoyne
- Département des sciences de l'activité physique, Université de Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Eve Mathieu
- École de kinésiologie et des sciences de l'activité physique, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, 2100 Edouard Montpetit Blvd. #8223, Montreal, QC, Canada H3T 1J4.,Centre de recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC, Canada
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8
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Zheng M, Hesketh KD, Wu JHY, Heitmann BL, Downing K, Campbell KJ. Nighttime sleep duration trajectories were associated with body mass index trajectories in early childhood. Pediatr Obes 2021; 16:e12766. [PMID: 33369282 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The respective contribution of total, daytime and nighttime sleep duration in childhood obesity remains unclear. OBJECTIVES To assess the longitudinal association between developmental trajectories of sleep duration and BMI z-score in early childhood. METHODS Data were from the Melbourne INFANT program, a prospective cohort with 4-month-old infants being followed-up until age 60 months (n = 528). Sleep duration (total, daytime, nighttime) and BMI z-score were measured using questionnaire at ages 4, 9, 18, 43 and 60 months. Group-based trajectory modelling was used to describe longitudinal trajectories from ages 4 to 60 months. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to assess the association between sleep duration and BMI z-score trajectories. RESULTS Three nighttime sleep duration trajectory groups were identified: "Long stable" (10.5 to 11.0 hours, 61%), "catchup long" (8.0 to 11.5 hours, 23%) and "short stable" (8.7 to 9.8 hours, 16%) nighttime sleepers. BMI z-score trajectory groups were classified as "low-BMIz" (-1.5 to -0.5 unit, 21%), "mid-BMIz" (-0.5 to 0.5 unit, 58%) and "high-BMIz" (0.8 to 1.4 unit, 21%). With adjustment for child and maternal covariates, both "catchup long" (OR 3.69 95%CI 1.74, 7.92) and "long stable" nighttime sleepers (OR 4.27 95%CI 2.21, 8.25) revealed higher odds of being in the "mid-BMIz" than the "high-BMIz" group. By contrast, total or daytime sleep duration trajectories were not associated with BMI z-score trajectories. CONCLUSIONS Longer nighttime, but not total or daytime, sleep duration was associated with lower BMI z-score trajectories in early childhood. Our findings reinforce the importance of nighttime sleep for healthy body-weight development in early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaobing Zheng
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kylie D Hesketh
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jason H Y Wu
- George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Berit L Heitmann
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Public Health, Section for General Practice, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Katherine Downing
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karen J Campbell
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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Guo Y, Miller MA, Cappuccio FP. Short duration of sleep and incidence of overweight or obesity in Chinese children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:363-371. [PMID: 33487495 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Overweight and obesity in children have become a global public health problem. Epidemiological studies suggest that sleep duration may contribute to the incidence of overweight and obesity in all stages of life. China has an increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity, and sleep deprivation is common among Chinese children. The aim of this study was to assess the prospective relationship between short sleep duration and overweight or obesity in Chinese children and to gain an estimate of the risk. METHODS AND RESULTS A systematic search was performed on 28/04/2020 by using Medline, PubMed and Web of Science. The exposure was the duration of sleep, and the outcome measure the incidence of overweight or obesity. The odds ratios (OR) and hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (C.I.) were extracted to calculate the pooled relative risk (RR) by a random effect model. Heterogeneity and publication bias of the studies were checked by sensitivity analysis. Seven studies fulfilled the criteria for a systematic review, and 5 studies for a meta-analysis. The total of 33,206 participants included boys and girls, aged 6-17 years old. In Chinese children the pooled RR for short sleep duration and overweight or obesity combined was 1.47 (95% C.I. 1.26, 1.71, p < 0.00001, n = 32,607), and for obesity alone 1.40 (95% C.I. 1.01, 1.95, p = 0.04, n = 17,038). There was no significant heterogeneity or publication bias between studies. CONCLUSION Short sleep duration is associated with the development of overweight and obesity in Chinese children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Guo
- University of Warwick, Warwick Medical School, Division of Health Sciences (Mental Health & Wellbeing), Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Michelle A Miller
- University of Warwick, Warwick Medical School, Division of Health Sciences (Mental Health & Wellbeing), Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Francesco P Cappuccio
- University of Warwick, Warwick Medical School, Division of Health Sciences (Mental Health & Wellbeing), Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK; University Hospital Coventry & Warwickshire NHS Trust, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK.
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10
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Fan J, Ding C, Gong W, Yuan F, Zhang Y, Feng G, Song C, Liu A. Association of Sleep Duration and Overweight/Obesity among Children in China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17061962. [PMID: 32192114 PMCID: PMC7143914 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17061962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the association of sleep duration with overweight and obesity among children aged 6 to 17 years in China, 2010–2012 data from the China National Nutrition and Health Surveillance (CNHHS) were analyzed. A total of 35,414 children were recruited in the survey. Body mass index (BMI) was converted into three categories: normal weight, overweight and obesity. In multinomial logistic regression model, sleep duration was divided into four groups: very short, short, recommended and long. In restricted cubic splines (RCS), sleep duration was examined as a continuous variable in relation to overweight and obesity. In the very short and short groups, sleep duration was a risk factor for obesity after adjusting for the potential impacts of age, gender, residence, family income, leisure sedentary behavior (SB) and leisure exercise, with OR (Odds Ratio) = 3.01 (95% CI (confidence interval): 2.19–4.15) and OR = 1.24 (95% CI: 1.14–1.35), respectively. The adjusted OR of overweight for short sleep duration relative to a recommended sleep duration was 1.17(95% CI: 1.09–1.26). No significant associations of very short sleep with overweight, of long sleep duration with overweight and obesity were found. The RCS curves between sleep duration and overweight and obesity were both inverted J-shaped. To conclude, the shorter the sleep duration, the higher the risk of overweight and obesity in children. Increasing sleep duration would have a positive effect on reducing overweight and obesity rates in Chinese children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ailing Liu
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-6623-7059
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11
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Taylor RW, Williams SM, Galland BC, Farmer VL, Meredith-Jones KA, Schofield G, Mann JI. Quantity versus quality of objectively measured sleep in relation to body mass index in children: cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. Int J Obes (Lond) 2020; 44:803-811. [PMID: 32099105 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-020-0552-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Although sleep duration is well established as a risk factor for child obesity, how measures of sleep quality relate to body size is less certain. The aim of this study was to determine how objectively measured sleep duration, sleep timing, and sleep quality were related to body mass index (BMI) cross-sectionally and longitudinally in school-aged children. SUBJECTS/METHODS All measures were obtained at baseline, 12 and 24 months in 823 children (51% female, 53% European, 18% Māori, 12% Pacific, 9% Asian) aged 6-10 years at baseline. Sleep duration, timing, and quality were measured using actigraphy over 7 days, height and weight were measured using standard techniques, and parents completed questionnaires on demographics (baseline only), dietary intake, and television usage. Data were analysed using imputation; mixed models, with random effects for person and age, estimated both a cross-sectional effect and a longitudinal effect on BMI z-score, adjusted for multiple confounders. RESULTS The estimate of the effect on BMI z-score for each additional hour of sleep was -0.22 (95% CI: -0.33, -0.11) in cross-sectional analyses and -0.05 (-0.10, -0.004) in longitudinal analyses. A greater effect was observed for weekday sleep duration than weekend sleep duration but variability in duration was not related to BMI z-score. While sleep timing (onset or midpoint of sleep) was not related to BMI, children who were awake in the night more frequently (0.19; 0.06, 0.32) or for longer periods (0.18; 0.06, 0.36) had significantly higher BMI z-scores cross-sectionally, but only the estimates for total time awake (minutes) were significant longitudinally (increase in BMI z-score of 0.04 for each additional hour awake). CONCLUSION The beneficial effect of a longer sleep duration on BMI was consistent in children, whereas evidence for markers of sleep quality and timing were more variable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael W Taylor
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
| | - Sheila M Williams
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Barbara C Galland
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Grant Schofield
- Human Potential Centre, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jim I Mann
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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12
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Ward AL, Galland BC, Haszard JJ, Meredith-Jones K, Morrison S, McIntosh DR, Jackson R, Beebe DW, Fangupo L, Richards R, Te Morenga L, Smith C, Elder DE, Taylor RW. The effect of mild sleep deprivation on diet and eating behaviour in children: protocol for the Daily Rest, Eating, and Activity Monitoring (DREAM) randomized cross-over trial. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1347. [PMID: 31640636 PMCID: PMC6805447 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7628-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although insufficient sleep has emerged as a strong, independent risk factor for obesity in children, the mechanisms by which insufficient sleep leads to weight gain are uncertain. Observational research suggests that being tired influences what children eat more than how active they are, but only experimental research can determine causality. Few experimental studies have been undertaken to determine how reductions in sleep duration might affect indices of energy balance in children including food choice, appetite regulation, and sedentary time. The primary aim of this study is to objectively determine whether mild sleep deprivation increases energy intake in the absence of hunger. METHODS The Daily, Rest, Eating, and Activity Monitoring (DREAM) study is a randomized controlled trial investigating how mild sleep deprivation influences eating behaviour and activity patterns in children using a counterbalanced, cross-over design. One hundred and ten children aged 8-12 years, with normal reported sleep duration of 8-11 h per night will undergo 2 weeks of sleep manipulation; seven nights of sleep restriction by going to bed 1 hr later than usual, and seven nights of sleep extension going to bed 1 hr earlier than usual, separated by a washout week. During each experimental week, 24-h movement behaviours (sleep, physical activity, sedentary behaviour) will be measured via actigraphy; dietary intake and context of eating by multiple 24-h recalls and wearable camera images; and eating behaviours via objective and subjective methods. At the end of each experimental week a feeding experiment will determine energy intake from eating in the absence of hunger. Differences between sleep conditions will be determined to estimate the effects of reducing sleep duration by 1-2 h per night. DISCUSSION Determining how insufficient sleep predisposes children to weight gain should provide much-needed information for improving interventions for the effective prevention of obesity, thereby decreasing long-term morbidity and healthcare burden. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12618001671257 . Registered 10 October 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimee L. Ward
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Barbara C. Galland
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Silke Morrison
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Rosie Jackson
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Dean W. Beebe
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Ohio, USA
| | - Louise Fangupo
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Lisa Te Morenga
- School of Health, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Claire Smith
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Dawn E. Elder
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
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Abstract
Sleep deprivation has been reported to be a contributing factor for the epidemic of obesity. However, it is still largely unknown how sleep deprivation contributes to obesity at the transcriptional level. Here, we identified the significantly changed genes and pathways that may contribute to the sleep deprivation-induced obesity by analyzing two online datasets, including mouse obesity database and mouse sleep deprivation database. 298 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in high fat diet mice as compared to normal diet mice, while 541 DEGs were identified in mice with sleep deprivation when compared with mice with normal sleep. There are 12 common DEGs, such as Saa3 and Plin4, in both comparisons. And six of common DEGs were validated in other Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset. GO and KEGG pathway analyses revealed 19 common altered pathways, and most of them were metabolic processes, including steroid metabolic process, small molecule metabolic process and cholesterol metabolic process. Notably, we found that Aldoc, Cyp2b10, Nsdhl, Pcsk9, Saa3, Plin4 and Acss2 were involved in most of those altered pathways. Taken together, our study suggests that Saa3, Plin4, Aldoc, Cyp2b10, Nsdhl, Pcsk9 and Acss2 might be involved in sleep deprivation-induced obesity by regulating metabolic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- YI WEI
- Nanjing Forest Police College, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
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14
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Orden AB, Lamarque MS, Chan D, Mayer MA. Short sleep and low milk intake are associated with obesity in a community of school aged children from Argentina. Am J Hum Biol 2019; 31:e23224. [PMID: 30779467 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Understanding the factors related to obesity during childhood allows for improved preventive actions specifically adapted to particular communities. The purpose of this study was to identify individual and familiar factors related to obesity in children. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in an urban community in Argentina during the years 2015-2016. Weight and height were measured on a probabilistic sample of 1366 schoolchildren aged 6 to 12 years. BMI categories were established according to International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) cut-offs. Data were analyzed using multivariate and logistic regression models. Independent variables corresponded to four domains: anthropometric, socioeconomic and demographic, nutritional, and energy balance. RESULTS Twenty percent of children were categorized as overweight (OW) and 12.2% were obese (OB). Parental IOTF grade was positively associated with childhood OW/OB (father B = 0.421 P = 0.000, OR = 1.52, 95% CI 1.24-1.88; mother B = 0.498 P = 0.000, OR = 1.65, 95% CI 1.37-1.97). The remaining variables were negatively associated with OW/OB: hours of sleep (B = -0.566 P = 0.001, OR = 0.57, 95% CI 0.41-0.79), physical activity (B = -0.362 P = 0.017, OR = 0.70, 95% CI 0-52-0.94), and daily milk intake (B = -0.178 P = 0.045, OR = 0.84, 95% CI 0.70-0.99). Parental IOTF predicted both OW and OB, while sleep hours predicted OW and physical activity predicted OB. CONCLUSIONS Family should be considered the initial target for effective strategies to reduce obesity. Like physical activity, the promotion of milk and dairy intake, as well as sleep, may have a major role in obesity reduction because of their protective effects in this community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia B Orden
- Investigador Independiente, CONICET Instituto de Desarrollo e Investigaciones Pediátricas (IDIP-MS/CIC, PBA) Hospital de NIños Sor M. Ludovica La Plata ARGENTINA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Desarrollo e Investigaciones Pediátricas (MS/CIC, PBA), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Muriel S Lamarque
- Instituto de Desarrollo e Investigaciones Pediátricas (MS/CIC, PBA), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Débora Chan
- Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, UTN
| | - Marcos A Mayer
- Investigador Independiente, CONICET Instituto de Desarrollo e Investigaciones Pediátricas (IDIP-MS/CIC, PBA) Hospital de NIños Sor M. Ludovica La Plata ARGENTINA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (UNLPam), Santa Rosa (LP).,Fundación Centro de Salud e Investigaciones Médicas (CESIM), Santa Rosa (LP)
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15
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Thivel D, Tremblay MS, Katzmarzyk PT, Fogelholm M, Hu G, Maher C, Maia J, Olds T, Sarmiento OL, Standage M, Tudor-Locke C, Chaput JP. Associations between meeting combinations of 24-hour movement recommendations and dietary patterns of children: A 12-country study. Prev Med 2019; 118:159-165. [PMID: 30393016 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2018.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine whether meeting movement behavior recommendations (i.e., ≥60 min of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity [MVPA] per day, ≤2 h of recreational screen time per day, and between 9 and 11 h of nightly sleep), and combinations of these recommendations, are associated with dietary patterns of children. This cross-sectional study was conducted between 2011 and 2013 and included 5873 children 9-11 years of age from 12 countries around the world. MVPA and nightly sleep duration were measured using 24-hour waist-worn accelerometry. Screen time habits were assessed via self-report. A food frequency questionnaire was used to assess dietary patterns, and the whole diet was described by two components derived from principal component analysis: "healthy" and "unhealthy" dietary pattern scores. Covariates included in the multilevel statistical models included age, sex, highest parental education, and body mass index z-score. A healthier dietary pattern score was observed when more movement behavior recommendations were met. Among the three movement behaviors, limiting screen time habits to the recommended amount was most strongly associated with healthier dietary patterns. Similarly, a less unhealthy dietary pattern was observed when more movement behavior recommendations were met. Surprisingly, the highest unhealthy dietary pattern was associated with children meeting the MVPA recommendation alone. Combinations including ≤2 h of screen time per day were those most strongly associated with a less unhealthy dietary pattern. Findings were similar across study sites and in boys and girls. In conclusion, meeting more movement behavior recommendations is generally associated with better dietary patterns in children from around the world, with limiting screen time habits showing the strongest relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark S Tremblay
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | | | - Gang Hu
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, USA
| | - Carol Maher
- University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jose Maia
- University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Timothy Olds
- University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | | | - Catrine Tudor-Locke
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, USA; University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, USA
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16
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Cerolini S, Rodgers RF, Lombardo C. Partial sleep deprivation and food intake in participants reporting binge eating symptoms and emotional eating: preliminary results of a quasi-experimental study. Eat Weight Disord 2018; 23:561-570. [PMID: 30019260 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-018-0547-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Sleep deprivation consistently increases food intake. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of partial sleep deprivation on food intake in individuals reporting binge eating, controlling for self-reported depressive emotional eating. Fourteen young adults reporting binge eating symptoms and 14 controls denying any eating disorders symptoms were offered a large and varied breakfast after a night of habitual sleep (HN) and after a night of partial sleep deprivation (DN). Food intake was unobtrusively measured while daily food intake was measured via a food diary. Results revealed only a significant effect of the Night on fibre consumed at breakfast and on the amount of daily snacks: both groups consumed less fibre and more snacks after DN compared to after HN. However, when controlling for depressive emotional eating, results showed that individuals reporting low depressive emotional eating ate less after DN than after HN at breakfast, but then they ate more throughout the day. Partial sleep deprivation may decrease fibre consumption and increase daily snacks regardless of binge eating symptoms, while daily food intake may increase only in individuals who do not report emotional eating. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Experimental study, Level 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Cerolini
- Department of Psychology, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Rachel F Rodgers
- APPEAR, Department of Applied Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatric Emergency and Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Caterina Lombardo
- Department of Psychology, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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17
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de Almondes KM, Leonardo MEM. Study Protocol of Sleep Education Tool for Children: Serious Game "Perfect Bedroom: Learn to Sleep Well". Front Psychol 2018; 9:1016. [PMID: 29997540 PMCID: PMC6028730 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Promoting a healthy sleep is a big challenge and becomes a strategic priority in public health, due to the severe consequences on children's development and risk to psychiatric diseases. Interventions that promote healthy sleep, such as those that focus on the dissemination of behavioral and environmental recommendations of sleep hygiene with children, are presented as an alternative. Serious game design offers wide-reaching domains in health applications and is increasing in popularity, particularly with children and teens because of it's potential to engage and motivate players differently from other interventions. This study aims to evaluate effects of serious game on sleep hygiene recommendations "Perfect Bedroom: learn to sleep well," on sleep habits and sleep parameters of healthy children. This is an experimental, prospective and quantitative study. We will randomize children in experimental (n = 88) and no intervention groups (n = 88). The experiment has four stages (pre-intervention, intervention, post-intervention, and follow-up), which will count with participation of children and their parents/guardians. In the evaluation stages, the guardians will answer questionnaires and scales to assess sociodemographic and health data, sleep habits and sleep pattern of their child. The children themselves will answer the following: a scale to assess sleepiness levels, a questionnaire to evaluate the serious game and the game itself, will characterize their bedroom and the activities they perform before sleep, with strategies developed by researches. Intervention with experimental group conducted with the serious game "Perfect Bedroom" will happen twice a week, for 3 weeks in a row, resulting in six sessions of 50 min each. Inferential analysis will be conducted for comparisons between groups and intragroups to measure effect of intervention in primary outcomes (sleep habits) and secondary outcomes (sleep parameters). We expect that the intervention with this game can provide valuable evidence to a new approach in promoting healthy sleep habits, with applications in clinical, educational, and familiar settings, which could diminish future health issues and risk at psychiatric diseases, decreasing the social burden of treatments for these conditions in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Moraes de Almondes
- Department of Psychology and Postgraduate Program, Postgraduate Program in Psychobiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Maria E M Leonardo
- Postgraduate Program in Psychology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
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18
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Gariépy G, Janssen I, Sentenac M, Elgar FJ. School Start Time and the Healthy Weight of Adolescents. J Adolesc Health 2018; 63:69-73. [PMID: 30060859 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Studies have found that an early school start time is detrimental to the sleep, health, and well-being of youth, but its association with body weight remains unclear. We examined this association in Canadian adolescents. METHODS We collected information on start times from 362 schools that participated in the 2013/2014 Canadian Health Behaviour in School-aged Children Study (n = 29,635 students; ages 10-18). We estimated body mass indices (BMIs) and BMI z-scores, and identified overweight and obesity using international growth references. Multilevel regression models tested the associations between school start times and our outcomes, adjusted for grade, family affluence, school rurality, latitude, and province. RESULTS The average BMI was 21.2 (standard deviation 4.9) and BMI z-score was .48 (standard deviation 1.23). Every 10-minute delay in school start time corresponded with a .02 (95% confidence interval .00, .04) smaller BMI z-score. This association translated to BMIs in the 70th and 64th percentiles when comparing students from schools that started at 8:00 a.m. and 9:30 a.m., respectively. School start time was not significantly related to overweight or obesity. CONCLUSIONS Later school start time was linked to lower BMI in Canadian adolescents. Delaying school start time may be an additional strategy to support the healthy weight of adolescents. Future intervention and impact studies are recommended to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geneviève Gariépy
- Institute for Health and Social Policy, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Ian Janssen
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mariane Sentenac
- Institute for Health and Social Policy, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Frank J Elgar
- Institute for Health and Social Policy, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Prado NJ, Ferder L, Manucha W, Diez ER. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Melatonin in Obesity and Hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rep 2018; 20:45. [PMID: 29744660 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-018-0842-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Here, we review the known relations between hypertension and obesity to inflammation and postulate the endogenous protective effect of melatonin and its potential as a therapeutic agent. We will describe the multiple effects of melatonin on blood pressure, adiposity, body weight, and focus on mitochondrial-related anti-inflammatory and antioxidant protective effects. RECENT FINDINGS Hypertension and obesity are usually associated with systemic and tissular inflammation. The progressive affection of target-organs involves multiple mediators of inflammation, most of them redundant, which make anti-inflammatory strategies ineffective. Melatonin reduces blood pressure, body weight, and inflammation. The mechanisms of action of this ancient molecule of protection involve multiple levels of action, from subcellular to intercellular. Mitochondria is a key inflammatory element in vascular and adipose tissue and a potential pharmacological target. Melatonin protects against mitochondrial dysfunction. Melatonin reduces blood pressure and adipose tissue dysfunction by multiple anti-inflammatory/antioxidant actions and provides potent protection against mitochondria-mediated injury in hypertension and obesity. This inexpensive and multitarget molecule has great therapeutic potential against both epidemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Jorgelina Prado
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - León Ferder
- Pediatric Department Nephrology Division, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Walter Manucha
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina.,Área de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Emiliano Raúl Diez
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina. .,Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Centro Universitario, CP 5500, Mendoza, Argentina.
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20
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Sleep patterns and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption among children from around the world. Public Health Nutr 2018; 21:2385-2393. [PMID: 29681250 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980018000976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the relationships between objectively measured sleep patterns (sleep duration, sleep efficiency and bedtime) and sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption (regular soft drinks, energy drinks, sports drinks and fruit juice) among children from all inhabited continents of the world. DESIGN Multinational, cross-sectional study. SETTING The International Study of Childhood Obesity, Lifestyle and the Environment (ISCOLE). SUBJECTS Children (n 5873) 9-11 years of age. RESULTS Sleep duration was 12 min per night shorter in children who reported consuming regular soft drinks 'at least once a day' compared with those who reported consuming 'never' or 'less than once a week'. Children were more likely to sleep the recommended 9-11 h/night if they reported lower regular soft drink consumption or higher sports drinks consumption. Children who reported consuming energy drinks 'once a week or more' reported a 25-min earlier bedtime than those who reported never consuming energy drinks. Children who reported consuming sports drinks '2-4 d a week or more' also reported a 25-min earlier bedtime compared with those who reported never consuming sports drinks. The associations between sleep efficiency and SSB consumption were not significant. Similar associations between sleep patterns and SSB consumption were observed across all twelve study sites. CONCLUSIONS Shorter sleep duration was associated with higher intake of regular soft drinks, while earlier bedtimes were associated with lower intake of regular soft drinks and higher intake of energy drinks and sports drinks in this international study of children. Future work is needed to establish causality and to investigate underlying mechanisms.
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21
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Machado-Rodrigues AM, Fernandes R, Gama A, Mourão I, Nogueira H, Rosado-Marques V, Padez C. The association of irregular sleep habits with the risk of being overweight/obese in a sample of Portuguese children aged 6-9 years. Am J Hum Biol 2018; 30:e23126. [DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Augusta Gama
- Research Centre for Anthropology and Health, University of Coimbra; Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências; Universidade de Lisboa; Portugal
| | - Isabel Mourão
- Research Centre in Health and Human Development; University of Tras-os-Montes and Alto Douro; Portugal
| | - Helena Nogueira
- Research Centre for Anthropology and Health, University of Coimbra; Portugal
| | - Vítor Rosado-Marques
- Research Centre for Anthropology and Health, University of Coimbra; Portugal
- Faculdade de Motricidade Humana; Universidade de Lisboa; Portugal
| | - Cristina Padez
- Research Centre for Anthropology and Health, University of Coimbra; Portugal
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22
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Roßbach S, Diederichs T, Nöthlings U, Buyken AE, Alexy U. Relevance of chronotype for eating patterns in adolescents. Chronobiol Int 2017; 35:336-347. [DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2017.1406493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Roßbach
- IEL-Nutritional Epidemiology, DONALD Study, University of Bonn, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Tanja Diederichs
- IEL-Nutritional Epidemiology, DONALD Study, University of Bonn, Dortmund, Germany
- Institute of Nutrition, Consumption and Health, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University Paderborn, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Ute Nöthlings
- IEL-Nutritional Epidemiology, DONALD Study, University of Bonn, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Anette E Buyken
- IEL-Nutritional Epidemiology, DONALD Study, University of Bonn, Dortmund, Germany
- Institute of Nutrition, Consumption and Health, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University Paderborn, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Ute Alexy
- IEL-Nutritional Epidemiology, DONALD Study, University of Bonn, Dortmund, Germany
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Sleep duration and consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and energy drinks among adolescents. Nutrition 2017; 48:77-81. [PMID: 29469025 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2017.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between sleep duration and consumption of sugar sweetened beverages (SSBs) and energy drinks (EDs) among adolescents. METHODS Data on 9,473 adolescents aged 11-20 years were obtained from the 2015 cycle of the Ontario Student Drug Use and Health Survey, a province-wide and cross-sectional school based survey of students in middle and high school. Respondents self-reported their sleep duration and consumption of SSBs and EDs. Those who did not meet the age-appropriate sleep duration recommendation were considered short sleepers. RESULTS Overall, 81.4% and 12.0% of respondents reported that they had at least one SSBs and EDs in the past week, respectively. Males were more likely than females to consume SSBs and EDs. High school students were more likely than those in middle school to report drinking EDs. After adjusting for multiple covariates, results from logistic regression analyses indicated that short sleep duration was associated with greater odds of SSB consumption in middle school students (odd ratio (OR) = 1.64, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.18-2.11), but not those in high school (OR = 1.06, 95% CI = 0.86-1.31). Short sleep duration was associated with greater odds of ED consumption in both middle (OR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.10-2.34) and high school (OR = 1.78, 95% CI = 1.38-2.30) students. CONCLUSION Short sleep duration was associated with consumption of EDs in middle and high school students and with SSBs in middle school students only. Future studies are needed to establish causality and to determine whether improving sleep patterns can reduce the consumption of SSBs and EDs among adolescents.
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Sakamoto N, Gozal D, Smith DL, Yang L, Morimoto N, Wada H, Maruyama K, Ikeda A, Suzuki Y, Nakayama M, Horiguchi I, Tanigawa T. Sleep Duration, Snoring Prevalence, Obesity, and Behavioral Problems in a Large Cohort of Primary School Students in Japan. Sleep 2017; 40:2980939. [PMID: 28364432 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsw082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Study Objectives Poor or short sleep and the presence of snoring indicative of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) have been associated with behavioral problems in school-aged children. We examined the relationship between SDB, sleep duration, obesity risk, and behavioral characteristics in Japanese elementary school students using a large-scale survey. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study of children enrolled in all 46 public primary schools in Matsuyama city, Japan. The children's parents or guardians completed a questionnaire that covered sleep habits, presence of SDB risk, and behavioral characteristics. Results In total, 24 296 responses were received (90% response rate). After excluding incomplete responses, we analyzed complete datasets for 17 769 children. Mean sleep duration decreased with age, as did the prevalence of pediatric SDB. We found an increased risk for the presence of SDB and short sleep among overweight/obese children. With SDB or short sleep, we observed significantly increased odds of restless behaviors, fidgety behaviors, and poor concentration in school. Conclusions Shorter sleep duration was associated with increased risk of obesity, and in turn, obesity increased SDB risk. Both short sleep duration and SDB risk were significantly associated with behavioral problems in school.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Sakamoto
- Department of Epidemiologic Research, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - David Gozal
- Department of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago,Chicago, IL
| | - Dale L Smith
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Limin Yang
- Medical Support Center for Japan Environment and Children's Study, Tokyo, Japan
- National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Morimoto
- National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroo Wada
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kotatsu Maruyama
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ai Ikeda
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yohei Suzuki
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Meiho Nakayama
- Department of Otolaryngology and Good Sleep Center, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Itsuko Horiguchi
- Center for Relations Strategy, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tanigawa
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
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Verschuren O, Gorter JW, Pritchard-Wiart L. Sleep: An underemphasized aspect of health and development in neurorehabilitation. Early Hum Dev 2017; 113:120-128. [PMID: 28711232 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Sleep deficiency has unique causes and implications for children with neonatal brain injury; contributing to the development or exacerbation of neurodevelopmental impairments and yet it is an underemphasized aspect of health and development. There is very little research evidence to guide the management of sleep disorders in children with cerebral palsy, a common neurodevelopmental disability of childhood. This paper is a comprehensive review and analysis of the literature regarding what is known about sleep quantity and quality in children with cerebral palsy. The specific implications for children with cerebral palsy are explored including the adverse effects of sleep deficiency on general child development, physical health and growth, and mental functioning. The consequences for the family are also discussed. Finally, the assessment and management of sleep problems are summarized to provide guidance to clinicians who work in neurodevelopmental medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Verschuren
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Center of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Rembrandtkade 10, 3583TM Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Jan Willem Gorter
- CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton L8S 1C7, Canada.
| | - Lesley Pritchard-Wiart
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Glenrose Rehabilitation Hospital, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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26
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Brazendale K, Beets MW, Weaver RG, Pate RR, Turner-McGrievy GM, Kaczynski AT, Chandler JL, Bohnert A, von Hippel PT. Understanding differences between summer vs. school obesogenic behaviors of children: the structured days hypothesis. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2017; 14:100. [PMID: 28747186 PMCID: PMC5530518 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-017-0555-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 340] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the scientific community has acknowledged modest improvements can be made to weight status and obesogenic behaviors (i.e., physical activity, sedentary/screen time, diet, and sleep) during the school year, studies suggests improvements are erased as elementary-age children are released to summer vacation. Emerging evidence shows children return to school after summer vacation displaying accelerated weight gain compared to the weight gained occurring during the school year. Understanding how summer days differ from when children are in school is, therefore, essential. DISCUSSION There is limited evidence on the etiology of accelerated weight gain during summer, with few studies comparing obesogenic behaviors on the same children during school and summer. For many children, summer days may be analogous to weekend days throughout the school year. Weekend days are often limited in consistent and formal structure, and thus differ from school days where segmented, pre-planned, restrictive, and compulsory components exist that shape obesogenic behaviors. The authors hypothesize that obesogenic behaviors are beneficially regulated when children are exposed to a structured day (i.e., school weekday) compared to what commonly occurs during summer. This is referred to as the 'Structured Days Hypothesis' (SDH). To illustrate how the SDH operates, this study examines empirical data that compares weekend day (less-structured) versus weekday (structured) obesogenic behaviors in U.S. elementary school-aged children. From 190 studies, 155 (~80%) demonstrate elementary-aged children's obesogenic behaviors are more unfavorable during weekend days compared to weekdays. CONCLUSION In light of the SDH, consistent evidence demonstrates the structured environment of weekdays may help to protect children by regulating obesogenic behaviors, most likely through compulsory physical activity opportunities, restricting caloric intake, reducing screen time occasions, and regulating sleep schedules. Summer is emerging as the critical period where childhood obesity prevention efforts need to be focused. The SDH can help researchers understand the drivers of obesogenic behaviors during summer and lead to innovative intervention development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Brazendale
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 921 Assembly Street, 1st Floor Suite, Room 131, Columbia, SC 29208 USA
| | - Michael W. Beets
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 921 Assembly Street, 1st Floor Suite, Room 131, Columbia, SC 29208 USA
| | - R. Glenn Weaver
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 921 Assembly Street, 1st Floor Suite, Room 131, Columbia, SC 29208 USA
| | - Russell R. Pate
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 921 Assembly Street, 1st Floor Suite, Room 131, Columbia, SC 29208 USA
| | - Gabrielle M. Turner-McGrievy
- Department of Health Promotion, Education and Behavior, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC 29201 USA
| | - Andrew T. Kaczynski
- Department of Health Promotion, Education and Behavior, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC 29201 USA
| | - Jessica L. Chandler
- Medical University of South Carolina, College of Nursing, 99 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425 USA
| | - Amy Bohnert
- Department of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago, 1032 West Sheridan Road, Chicago, IL 60626 USA
| | - Paul T. von Hippel
- The University of Texas at Austin, Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs, 2300 Red River Street, Austin, TX 78712 USA
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Pyper E, Harrington D, Manson H. Do parents' support behaviours predict whether or not their children get sufficient sleep? A cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:432. [PMID: 28535759 PMCID: PMC5442855 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4334-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep is an essential component of healthy cognitive and physical development. Lack of sleep may put children at risk for a variety of mental and physical health outcomes, including overweight, obesity and related chronic diseases. Given that children's sleep duration has decreased in recent decades, there is a need to understand the determinants of child sleep, including the role of parental support behaviours. This study aims to determine the relative contribution of different types of parental support behaviours for predicting the likelihood that children meet recently established Canadian sleep guidelines. METHODS Data were collected using Computer Assisted Telephone Interviews (CATI) of parents or guardians with at least one child under the age of 18 living in Ontario, Canada. To align with sleep guidelines, parents included in this analysis had at least one child between 5 and 17 years of age (n = 1622). Two multivariable logistic regression models were built to predict whether or not parents reported their child was meeting sleep guidelines - one for weekday sleep and another for sleep on weekends. Independent variables included parent and child age and gender, motivational and regulatory parental support behaviours, and socio-demographic characteristics. RESULTS On weekdays, enforcing rules about child bedtime was a significant positive predictor of children meeting sleep guidelines (OR: 1.59; 95% CI: 1.03-2.44); while encouraging the child to go to bed at a specific time was a significant negative predictor of child meeting sleep guidelines (OR: 0.29; 95% CI: 0.13-0.65). On weekends, none of the parental support behaviours contributed significantly to the predictions of child sleep. For both weekdays and weekends, the child's age group was an important predictor of children meeting sleep guidelines. CONCLUSIONS The contribution of parental support behaviours to predictions of children meeting sleep guidelines varied with the type of support provided, and weekend versus weekday sleep. While only enforcing bedtime rules on weekdays contributed to children meeting sleep guidelines, the importance of children getting a good night's sleep, and the capacity of parents to help them do so, should be emphasized in public health efforts promoting healthy child development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Pyper
- Public Health Ontario, 480 University Avenue, Suite 300, Toronto, ON M5G 1V2 Canada
| | - Daniel Harrington
- Public Health Ontario, 480 University Avenue, Suite 300, Toronto, ON M5G 1V2 Canada
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Toronto, ON N2L 3G1 Canada
| | - Heather Manson
- Public Health Ontario, 480 University Avenue, Suite 300, Toronto, ON M5G 1V2 Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, 6th floor, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7 Canada
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28
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Lee JS, Zakeri IF, Butte NF. Functional data analysis of sleeping energy expenditure. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177286. [PMID: 28489875 PMCID: PMC5425044 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Adequate sleep is crucial during childhood for metabolic health, and physical and cognitive development. Inadequate sleep can disrupt metabolic homeostasis and alter sleeping energy expenditure (SEE). Functional data analysis methods were applied to SEE data to elucidate the population structure of SEE and to discriminate SEE between obese and non-obese children. Minute-by-minute SEE in 109 children, ages 5-18, was measured in room respiration calorimeters. A smoothing spline method was applied to the calorimetric data to extract the true smoothing function for each subject. Functional principal component analysis was used to capture the important modes of variation of the functional data and to identify differences in SEE patterns. Combinations of functional principal component analysis and classifier algorithm were used to classify SEE. Smoothing effectively removed instrumentation noise inherent in the room calorimeter data, providing more accurate data for analysis of the dynamics of SEE. SEE exhibited declining but subtly undulating patterns throughout the night. Mean SEE was markedly higher in obese than non-obese children, as expected due to their greater body mass. SEE was higher among the obese than non-obese children (p<0.01); however, the weight-adjusted mean SEE was not statistically different (p>0.1, after post hoc testing). Functional principal component scores for the first two components explained 77.8% of the variance in SEE and also differed between groups (p = 0.037). Logistic regression, support vector machine or random forest classification methods were able to distinguish weight-adjusted SEE between obese and non-obese participants with good classification rates (62-64%). Our results implicate other factors, yet to be uncovered, that affect the weight-adjusted SEE of obese and non-obese children. Functional data analysis revealed differences in the structure of SEE between obese and non-obese children that may contribute to disruption of metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Soo Lee
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Issa F. Zakeri
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Nancy F. Butte
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
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Chaput JP, Saunders TJ, Carson V. Interactions between sleep, movement and other non-movement behaviours in the pathogenesis of childhood obesity. Obes Rev 2017; 18 Suppl 1:7-14. [PMID: 28164448 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Research examining the health effects of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep on different health outcomes has largely been conducted independently or in isolation of the other behaviours. However, the fact that time is finite (i.e. 24 h) suggests that the debate on whether or not the influence of a single behaviour is independent of another one is conceptually incorrect. Time spent in one behaviour should naturally depend on the composition of the rest of the day. Recent evidence using more appropriate analytical approaches to deal with this methodological issue shows that the combination of sleep, movement and non-movement behaviours matters and all components of the 24-h movement continuum should be targeted to enhance health and prevent childhood obesity. The objective of this review is to discuss research investigating how combinations of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep are related to childhood obesity. Emerging statistical approaches (e.g. compositional data analysis) that can provide a good understanding of the best 'cocktail' of behaviours associated with lower adiposity and improved health are also discussed. Finally, future research directions are provided. Collectively, it becomes clearer that guidelines and public health interventions should target all movement behaviours synergistically to optimize health of children and youth around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-P Chaput
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - T J Saunders
- Applied Human Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
| | - V Carson
- Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Pérez-Farinós N, Villar-Villalba C, López Sobaler AM, Dal Re Saavedra MÁ, Aparicio A, Santos Sanz S, Robledo de Dios T, Castrodeza-Sanz JJ, Ortega Anta RM. The relationship between hours of sleep, screen time and frequency of food and drink consumption in Spain in the 2011 and 2013 ALADINO: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:33. [PMID: 28056890 PMCID: PMC5217644 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3962-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The frequency of intake of food and beverages depends on a number of ill-defined behaviour patterns. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of screen time and sleep duration on food consumption frequency, and to describe frequencies and types of food consumption according to BMI category and parents' level of education. METHODS We studied 6287 and 2806 children drawn from the 2011 and 2013 cross-sectional ALADINO studies respectively. Data were collected on number of hours of sleep, screen time, and weekly frequency of consumption of 17 food groups. Weight status was measured, and information was also collected on parents' educational level. Average food consumption frequencies were calculated by reference to hours of sleep and hours of screen time, and were defined as ≥4 times or <4 times per week (once per week for soft drinks and diet soft drinks). Differences in frequency were evaluated for screen times of more and less than 2 h per day, and for sleep durations longer or shorter than the daily average. We fitted logistic regression models to evaluate the independent association between screen exposure and hours of sleep on the one hand, and food consumption frequency on the other. RESULTS Consumption of fruit and vegetables was lower among children who had parents with no formal or only primary school education. High levels of screen time were associated with a greater frequency of consumption of energy-dense, micronutrient-poor products and a lower frequency of consumption of fruit and vegetables. Sleeping a sufficient number of hours was associated with a higher consumption of fruit and vegetables. The results for 2011 were concordant with those for 2013. CONCLUSIONS If efforts to ensure healthier eating habits among children are to be at all successful, they should focus on promoting a sufficient amount of sleep for children, limiting the time they spend watching television and/or playing with computers or video games, and educating parents accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Napoleón Pérez-Farinós
- Spanish Agency for Consumer Affairs, Food Safety and Nutrition, Ministry of Health, Social Services and Equality, Alcalá 56, Madrid, 28014, Spain.
| | - Carmen Villar-Villalba
- Spanish Agency for Consumer Affairs, Food Safety and Nutrition, Ministry of Health, Social Services and Equality, Alcalá 56, Madrid, 28014, Spain
| | - Ana María López Sobaler
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Dal Re Saavedra
- Spanish Agency for Consumer Affairs, Food Safety and Nutrition, Ministry of Health, Social Services and Equality, Alcalá 56, Madrid, 28014, Spain
| | - Aránzazu Aparicio
- Spanish Agency for Consumer Affairs, Food Safety and Nutrition, Ministry of Health, Social Services and Equality, Alcalá 56, Madrid, 28014, Spain
| | - Sara Santos Sanz
- Spanish Agency for Consumer Affairs, Food Safety and Nutrition, Ministry of Health, Social Services and Equality, Alcalá 56, Madrid, 28014, Spain
| | - Teresa Robledo de Dios
- Spanish Agency for Consumer Affairs, Food Safety and Nutrition, Ministry of Health, Social Services and Equality, Alcalá 56, Madrid, 28014, Spain
| | - José Javier Castrodeza-Sanz
- Spanish Agency for Consumer Affairs, Food Safety and Nutrition, Ministry of Health, Social Services and Equality, Alcalá 56, Madrid, 28014, Spain
| | - Rosa María Ortega Anta
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain
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Chaput JP, Dutil C. Lack of sleep as a contributor to obesity in adolescents: impacts on eating and activity behaviors. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2016; 13:103. [PMID: 27669980 PMCID: PMC5037605 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-016-0428-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sleep is an important contributor to physical and mental health; however, chronic sleep deprivation has become common in adolescents, especially on weekdays. Adolescents aged 14–17 years are recommended to sleep between 8 and 10 h per night to maximize overall health and well-being. Although sleep needs may vary between individuals, sleep duration recommendations are important for surveillance and help inform policies, interventions, and the population of healthy sleep behaviors. Long sleepers are very rare among teenagers and sleeping too much is not a problem per se; only insufficient sleep is associated with adverse health outcomes in the pediatric population. Causes of insufficient sleep are numerous and chronic sleep deprivation poses a serious threat to the academic success, health and safety of adolescents. This article focuses on the link between insufficient sleep and obesity in adolescents. Discussion This “call to action” article argues that sleep should be taken more seriously by the public health community and by our society in general, i.e., given as much attention and resources as nutrition and physical activity. Not only that having a good night’s sleep is as important as eating a healthy diet and being regularly physically active for overall health, but sleeping habits also impact eating and screen time behaviors and, therefore, can influence body weight control. Summary Short sleep duration, poor sleep quality, and late bedtimes are all associated with excess food intake, poor diet quality, and obesity in adolescents. Sleep, sedentary behavior, physical activity and diet all interact and influence each other to ultimately impact health. A holistic approach to health (i.e., the whole day matters) targeting all of these behaviors synergistically is needed to optimize the impact of our interventions. Sleep is not a waste of time and sleep hygiene is an important factor to consider in the prevention and treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe Chaput
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1H 8L1.
| | - Caroline Dutil
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1H 8L1
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