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Krumme A, Mendez JD. Electrospinning Polyvinyl Alcohol Reinforced with Chitin: The Effect of the Degree of Acetylation. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1955. [PMID: 39065272 PMCID: PMC11280547 DOI: 10.3390/polym16141955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanocomposites made via electrospinning were constructed of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and chitin. Chitin was extracted from a natural source (Fomes fomentarius), which allowed for precise control of the chemical properties of the resulting material. Chitin was chosen as a filler due to its low cost and widespread availability. Increasing the degree of acetylation of the chitin increased the Young's Modulus of the resulting fiber mats but only at relatively high levels. While composites at lower acetylation levels were stable, no increase in the Young's Modulus was observed, presumably due to decreased intermolecular bonding among fibers. The results suggest that precise control of the degree of acetylation of chitin, more than the loading amount and dispersibility, significantly impacts composite formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Krumme
- Department of Materials and Environmental Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate Tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia;
| | - James D. Mendez
- Division of Science, Indiana University—Columbus, 4601 Central Ave., Columbus, IN 47203, USA
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2
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Zhang F, Jacobs AI, Woodall M, Hailes HC, Uchegbu IF, Fernandez-Reyes D, Smith CM, Dziemidowicz K, Williams GR. A one-step method for generating antimicrobial nanofibre meshes via coaxial electrospinning. MATERIALS ADVANCES 2024; 5:5561-5571. [PMID: 38957404 PMCID: PMC11216540 DOI: 10.1039/d4ma00125g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Respiratory diseases, including influenza, infectious pneumonia, and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The recent COVID-19 pandemic claimed over 6.9 million lives globally. With the possibility of future pandemics, the creation of affordable antimicrobial meshes for protective gear, such as facemasks, is essential. Electrospinning has been a focus for much of this research, but most approaches are complex and expensive, often wasting raw materials by distributing antiviral agents throughout the mesh despite the fact they can only be active if at the fibre surface. Here, we report a low cost and efficient one-step method to produce nanofibre meshes with antimicrobial activity, including against SARS-CoV-2. Cetrimonium bromide (CTAB) was deposited directly onto the surface of polycaprolactone (PCL) fibres by coaxial electrospinning. The CTAB-coated samples have denser meshes with finer nanofibres than non-coated PCL fibres (mean diameter: ∼300 nm versus ∼900 nm, with mean pore size: ∼300 nm versus > 600 nm). The formulations have > 90% coating efficiency and exhibit a burst release of CTAB upon coming into contact with aqueous media. The CTAB-coated materials have strong antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (ca. 100%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (96.5 ± 4.1%) bacteria, as well as potent antiviral activity with over 99.9% efficacy against both respiratory syncytial virus and SARS-CoV-2. The CTAB-coated nanofibre mesh thus has great potential to form a mask material for preventing both bacterial and viral respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Zhang
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London 29-39 Brunswick Square London WC1N 1AX UK
| | - Amy I Jacobs
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London 30 Guilford Street London WC1N 1EH UK
| | - Maximillian Woodall
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London 30 Guilford Street London WC1N 1EH UK
| | - Helen C Hailes
- Department of Chemistry, University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Ijeoma F Uchegbu
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London 29-39 Brunswick Square London WC1N 1AX UK
| | - Delmiro Fernandez-Reyes
- Department of Computer Science, University College London 66-72 Gower Street London WC1E 6EA UK
| | - Claire M Smith
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London 30 Guilford Street London WC1N 1EH UK
| | - Karolina Dziemidowicz
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London 29-39 Brunswick Square London WC1N 1AX UK
| | - Gareth R Williams
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London 29-39 Brunswick Square London WC1N 1AX UK
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3
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Emam MH, Elezaby RS, Swidan SA, Hathout RM. Nanofiberous facemasks as protectives against pandemic respiratory viruses. Expert Rev Respir Med 2024; 18:127-143. [PMID: 38753449 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2024.2356601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Wearing protective face masks and respirators has been a necessity to reduce the transmission rate of respiratory viruses since the outbreak of the coronavirus (COVID-19) disease. Nevertheless, the outbreak has revealed the need to develop efficient air filter materials and innovative anti-microbial protectives. Nanofibrous facemasks, either loaded with antiviral nanoparticles or not, are very promising personal protective equipment (PPE) against pandemic respiratory viruses. AREAS COVERED In this review, multiple types of face masks and respirators are discussed as well as filtration mechanisms of particulates. In this regard, the limitations of traditional face masks were summarized and the advancement of nanotechnology in developing nanofibrous masks and air filters was discussed. Different methods of preparing nanofibers were explained. The various approaches used for enhancing nanofibrous face masks were covered. EXPERT OPINION Although wearing conventional face masks can limit viral infection spread to some extent, the world is in great need for more protective face masks. Nanofibers can block viral particles efficiently and can be incorporated into face masks in order to enhance their filtration efficiency. Also, we believe that other modifications such as addition of antiviral nanoparticles can significantly increase the protection power of facemasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merna H Emam
- Nanotechnology Research Center (NTRC), The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Reham S Elezaby
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shady A Swidan
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
- The Centre for Drug Research and Development (CDRD), Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rania M Hathout
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Ha JH, Jeong Y, Ahn J, Hwang S, Jeon S, Kim D, Ko J, Kang B, Jung Y, Choi J, Han H, Gu J, Cho S, Kim H, Bok M, Park SA, Jeong JH, Park I. A wearable colorimetric sweat pH sensor-based smart textile for health state diagnosis. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:4163-4171. [PMID: 37338170 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh00340j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Sweat pH is an important indicator for diagnosing disease states, such as cystic fibrosis. However, conventional pH sensors are composed of large brittle mechanical parts and need additional instruments to read signals. These pH sensors have limitations for practical wearable applications. In this study, we propose wearable colorimetric sweat pH sensors based on curcumin and thermoplastic-polyurethane (C-TPU) electrospun-fibers to diagnose disease states by sweat pH monitoring. This sensor aids in pH monitoring by changing color in response to chemical structure variation from enol to di-keto form via H-atom separation. Its chemical structure variation changes the visible color due to light absorbance and reflectance changes. Furthermore, it can rapidly and sensitively detect sweat pH due to its superior permeability and wettability. By O2 plasma activation and thermal pressing, this colorimetric pH sensor can be easily attached to various fabric substrates such as swaddling and patient clothing via surface modification and mechanical interlocking of C-TPU. Furthermore, the diagnosable clothing is durable and reusable enough to neutral washing conditions due to the reversible pH colorimetric sensing performance by restoring the enol form of curcumin. This study contributes to the development of smart diagnostic clothing for cystic fibrosis patients who require continuous sweat pH monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hwan Ha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Nano-manufacturing Technology Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yongrok Jeong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Nano-manufacturing Technology Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea.
| | - Junseong Ahn
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Nano-manufacturing Technology Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea.
| | - Soonhyong Hwang
- Department of Nano-manufacturing Technology Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sohee Jeon
- Department of Nano-manufacturing Technology Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dahong Kim
- Department of Applied Bioengineering, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwoo Ko
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Nano-manufacturing Technology Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byeongmin Kang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Nano-manufacturing Technology Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young Jung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jungrak Choi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyeonseok Han
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jimin Gu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seokjoo Cho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyunjin Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Moonjeong Bok
- Department of Nano-manufacturing Technology Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea.
| | - Su A Park
- Nano-Convergence Mechanical Systems Research Division, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Ho Jeong
- Department of Nano-manufacturing Technology Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea.
| | - Inkyu Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
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Perju A, Holzhausen F, Lauerer AM, Wongkaew N, Baeumner AJ. Flow-Through Carbon Nanofiber-Based Transducer for Inline Electrochemical Detection in Paper-Based Analytical Devices. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:44641-44653. [PMID: 37704205 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c07314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Point-of-care (POC) devices are rapid, simple, portable, inexpensive, and convenient, but typically they only deliver qualitative results when used in the form of a lateral flow assay (LFA). Electrochemical detection could improve their sensitivity and ensure quantitative detection; however, a breakthrough in material-based technology is needed. We demonstrate a new concept in which electrodes are directly embedded within the lateral flow, enabling flow-through and hence interaction with the entire sample. This is accomplished through laser-induced carbon nanofibers (LCNFs) made by electrospinning Matrimid into nanofiber mats with subsequent pyrolyzing of electrode structures through a CO2 laser. Their highly porous 3D structure and superior graphene-like electrochemical properties are ideally suited for flow-through electrochemical LFA (EC-LFA), where the LCNFs are simply added in line with the other membranes. After optimization of the setup, biological binding assays typical for LFA diagnostics were successfully implemented, enabling the highly sensitive and quantitative detection of 137 pM DNA target sequences of a pathogenic organism that rivals the performance of pump-controlled microfluidic bioassays. This demonstrates that LCNF-based transducers can transform paper-based diagnostic tests to enable precise, quantitative analysis without reliance on cost-intensive read-out systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Perju
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ferdinand Holzhausen
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Anna-Maria Lauerer
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nongnoot Wongkaew
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Antje J Baeumner
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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Wang S, Yang L, Ren X, Tong W, Li W, Li H, Huo J. A new strategy to prepare high-performance copper azide film for micro-initiator. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 34:455701. [PMID: 37541220 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aced55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Copper azide (CA) has gradually become the chosen priming agent for microexplosive devices as a lead-free green priming agent. However, charge loading is challenging due to its high electrostatic sensitivity, severely limiting its practical application. In this study, copper hydroxide particles were evenly coated on the surface of carbon fiber using electrospinning and quick hot-pressing, and CA-based composites with uniform load were created using thein situazide technique while keeping good film characteristics. The produced CA-HP film has an electroostatic sensitivity of 3.8 mJ, which is much higher than the raw material of 0.05 mJ. The flame sensitivity has also been increased from 45 to 51 cm, and the use safety has been considerably enhanced. Furthermore, hot-pressed CA-HP films can improve the film's qualities, such as easy cutting and processing into the required shape, compatibility with MEMS processes, and the ability to successfully detonate secondary explosives with only 1 mg. This novel coupling technology expands the possibilities for developing high-safety primers for micro-initiator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Institute of Technology Chongqing Innovation Center Chongqing, 401120, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
- Science and Technology on Aerospace Chemical Power Laboratory, Hubei Institute of Aerospace Chemotechnology, Xiangyang, 441003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoting Ren
- Science and Technology on Aerospace Chemical Power Laboratory, Hubei Institute of Aerospace Chemotechnology, Xiangyang, 441003, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenchao Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- Science and Technology on Aerospace Chemical Power Laboratory, Hubei Institute of Aerospace Chemotechnology, Xiangyang, 441003, People's Republic of China
| | - Haojie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Junda Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
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Chang Y, Liu F. Review of Waterproof Breathable Membranes: Preparation, Performance and Applications in the Textile Field. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:5339. [PMID: 37570043 PMCID: PMC10419557 DOI: 10.3390/ma16155339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Waterproof breathable membranes (WBMs) characterized by a specific internal structure, allowing air and water vapor to be transferred from one side to the other while preventing liquid water penetration, have attracted much attention from researchers. WBMs combine lamination and other technologies with textile materials to form waterproof breathable fabrics, which play a key role in outdoor sports clothing, medical clothing, military clothing, etc. Herein, a systematic overview of the recent progress of WBMs is provided, including the principles of waterproofness and breathability, common preparation methods and the applications of WBMs. Discussion starts with the waterproof and breathable mechanisms of two different membranes: hydrophilic non-porous membranes and hydrophobic microporous membranes. Then evaluation criteria and common preparation methods for WBMs are presented. In addition, treatment processes that promote water vapor transmission and prominent applications in the textile field are comprehensively analyzed. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives of WBMs are also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fujuan Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China;
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8
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Su X, Jia C, Xiang H, Zhu M. Research progress in preparation, properties, and applications of medical protective fiber materials. APPLIED MATERIALS TODAY 2023; 32:101792. [PMID: 36937335 PMCID: PMC10001160 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmt.2023.101792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A variety of public health events seriously threaten human life and health, especially the outbreak of COVID-19 at the end of 2019 has caused a serious impact on human production and life. Wearing personal protective equipment (PPE) is one of the most effective ways to prevent infection and stop the spread of the virus. Medical protective fiber materials have become the first choice for PPE because of their excellent barrier properties and breathability. In this article, we systematically review the latest progress in preparation technologies, properties, and applications of medical protective fiber materials. We first summarize the technological characteristics of different fiber preparation methods and compare their advantages and disadvantages. Then the barrier properties, comfort, and mechanical properties of the medical protective fiber materials used in PPE are discussed. After that, the applications of medical protective fibers in PPE are introduced, and protective clothing and masks are discussed in detail. Finally, the current status, future development trend, and existing challenges of medical protective fiber materials are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Su
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Chao Jia
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Hengxue Xiang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Meifang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
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AlMalki FA, Albukhaty S, Alyamani AA, Khalaf MN, Thomas S. The relevant information about the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) using the five-question approach (when, where, what, why, and how) and its impact on the environment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:61430-61454. [PMID: 35175517 PMCID: PMC8852932 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18868-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is regarded as a threat because it spreads quickly across the world without requiring a passport or establishing an identity. This tiny virus has wreaked havoc on people's lives, killed people, and created psychological problems all over the world. The viral spike protein (S) significantly contributes to host cell entry, and mutations associated with it, particularly in the receptor-binding protein (RBD), either facilitate the escape of virus from neutralizing antibodies or enhance its transmission by increasing the affinity for cell entry receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). The initial variants identified in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK have spread to various countries. On the other hand, new variants are being detected in India and the USA. The viral genome and proteome were applied for molecular detection techniques, and nanotechnology particles and materials were utilized in protection and prevention strategies. Consequently, the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has resulted in extraordinary scientific community efforts to develop detection methods, diagnosis tools, and effective antiviral drugs and vaccines, where prevailing academic, governmental, and industrial institutions and organizations continue to engage themselves in large-scale screening of existing drugs, both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, COVID-19 pointed on the possible solutions for the environmental pollution globe problem. Therefore, this review aims to address SARS-CoV-2, its transmission, where it can be found, why it is severe in some people, how it can be stopped, its diagnosis and detection techniques, and its relationship with the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faizah A AlMalki
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Salim Albukhaty
- Deptartment of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Misan, Maysan, 62001, Iraq
| | - Amal A Alyamani
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Moayad N Khalaf
- Deptartment of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
| | - Sabu Thomas
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, 686 560, India
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Lee SY, Kim JT, Chathuranga K, Lee JS, Park SW, Park WH. Tannic-Acid-Enriched Poly(vinyl alcohol) Nanofibrous Membrane as a UV-Shie lding and Antibacterial Face Mask Filter Material. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:20435-20443. [PMID: 37053446 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c02408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Face masks are increasingly important in the battle against infectious diseases and air pollution. Nanofibrous membranes (NFMs) are promising filter layers for removing particulate matter (PM) without restricting air permeability. In this study, tannic-acid-enriched poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA-TA) NFMs were fabricated by electrospinning PVA solutions containing large amounts of tannic acid (TA), a multifunctional polyphenol compound. We were able to prepare uniform electrospinning solution without coacervate formation by inhibiting the robust hydrogen bonding between PVA and TA. Notably, the NFM maintained its fibrous structure even under moist conditions after heat treatment without the use of a cross-linking agent. Further, the mechanical strength and thermal stability of the PVA NFM were improved by the introduction of TA. The functional PVA NFM with a high TA content showed excellent UV-shielding (UV-A: 95.7%, UV-B: 100%) and antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (inhibition zone: 8.7 ± 1.2 mm) and Staphylococcus aureus (inhibition zone: 13.7 ± 0.6 mm). Moreover, the particle filtration efficiency of the PVA-TA NFM for PM0.6 particles was 97.7% at 32 L min-1 and 99.5% at 85 L min-1, indicating excellent filtration performance and a low pressure drop. Therefore, the TA-enriched PVA NFM is a promising mask filter layer material with excellent UV-blocking and antibacterial properties and has the potential for various practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Yeon Lee
- Department of Organic Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Tae Kim
- Department of Organic Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiramage Chathuranga
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Soo Lee
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Won Park
- Hybe Co., Ltd., 85, Sandan-ro 68 Beon-gil, Danwon-gu, Ansan-si 15434, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Ho Park
- Department of Organic Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
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11
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Hadinejad F, Morad H, Jahanshahi M, Zarrabi A, Pazoki-Toroudi H, Mostafavi E. A Novel Vision of Reinforcing Nanofibrous Masks with Metal Nanoparticles: Antiviral Mechanisms Investigation. ADVANCED FIBER MATERIALS 2023; 5:1-45. [PMID: 37361103 PMCID: PMC10088653 DOI: 10.1007/s42765-023-00275-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Prevention of spreading viral respiratory disease, especially in case of a pandemic such as coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19), has been proved impossible without considering obligatory face mask-wearing protocols for both healthy and contaminated populations. The widespread application of face masks for long hours and almost everywhere increases the risks of bacterial growth in the warm and humid environment inside the mask. On the other hand, in the absence of antiviral agents on the surface of the mask, the virus may have a chance to stay alive and be carried to different places or even put the wearers at risk of contamination when touching or disposing the masks. In this article, the antiviral activity and mechanism of action of some of the potent metal and metal oxide nanoparticles in the role of promising virucidal agents have been reviewed, and incorporation of them in an electrospun nanofibrous structure has been considered an applicable method for the fabrication of innovative respiratory protecting materials with upgraded safety levels. Graphical Abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Farinaz Hadinejad
- Nanotechnology Research Institute, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Babol Noushirvani University of Technology, Babol, 4714873113 Iran
| | - Hamed Morad
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1475886973 Iran
- Ramsar Campus, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Ramsar, 4691710001 Iran
| | - Mohsen Jahanshahi
- Nanotechnology Research Institute, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Babol Noushirvani University of Technology, Babol, 4714873113 Iran
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Istanbul, 34396 Turkey
| | - Hamidreza Pazoki-Toroudi
- Physiology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1449614535 Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1449614535 Iran
| | - Ebrahim Mostafavi
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
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12
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Zhang Z, Jia S, Wu W, Xiao G, Sundarrajan S, Ramakrishna S. Electrospun transparent nanofibers as a next generation face filtration media: A review. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 149:213390. [PMID: 36963249 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
The development of fascinating materials with functional properties has revolutionized the humankind with materials comfort, stopped the spreading of diseases, relieving the environmental pollution pressure, economized government research funds, and prolonged their serving life. The outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has triggered great global public health concern. Face masks are crucial tools to impede the spreading of SARS-CoV-2 from human to human. However, current face masks exhibit in a variety of colors (opaque), like blue, black, red, etc., leading to a communication barrier between the doctor and the deaf-mute patient when wearing a mask. High optical transparency filters can be utilized for both personal protection and lip-reading. Thus, shaping face air filter into a transparent appearance is an urgent need. Electrospinning technology, as a mature technology, is commonly used to form nanofiber materials utilizing high electrical voltage. With the alteration of the diameters of nanofibers, and proper material selection, it would be possible to make the transparent face mask. In this article, the research progress in the transparent face air filter is reviewed with emphasis on three parts: mechanism of the electrospinning process and light transmission, preparation of transparent face air filter, and their innovative potential. Through the assessment of classic cases, the benefits and drawbacks of various preparation strategies and products are evaluated, to provide general knowledge for the needs of different application scenarios. In the end, the development directions of transparent face masks in protective gear, particularly their novel functional applications and potential contributions in the prevention and control of the epidemic are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongqi Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China; Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117574, Singapore
| | - Shuyue Jia
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117574, Singapore; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Wenting Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Guomin Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China.
| | - Subramanian Sundarrajan
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117574, Singapore; Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117574, Singapore.
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13
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Sukhavattanakul P, Pisitsak P, Ummartyotin S, Narain R. Polysaccharides for Medical Technology: Properties and Applications. Macromol Biosci 2023; 23:e2200372. [PMID: 36353915 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202200372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, the use of polysaccharides has gained tremendous attention in the field of medical technology. They have been applied in various sectors such as tissue engineering, drug delivery system, face mask, and bio-sensing. This review article provides an overview and background of polysaccharides for biomedical uses. Different types of polysaccharides, for example, cellulose and its derivatives, chitin and chitosan, hyaluronic acid, alginate, and pectin are presented. They are fabricated in various forms such as hydrogels, nanoparticles, membranes, and as porous mediums. Successful development and improvement of polysaccharide-based materials will effectively help users to enhance their quality of personal health, decrease cost, and eventually increase the quality of life with respect to sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pongpat Sukhavattanakul
- Department of Materials and Textile Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Pathum, Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Penwisa Pisitsak
- Department of Materials and Textile Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Pathum, Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Sarute Ummartyotin
- Department of Materials and Textile Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Pathum, Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Ravin Narain
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G1H9, Canada
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14
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Yu K, Warsaba R, Yazdani-Ahmadabadi H, Lange D, Jan E, Kizhakkedathu JN. Antibacterial and Antiviral Coating on Surfaces through Dopamine-Assisted Codeposition of an Antifouling Polymer and In Situ Formed Nanosilver. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:329-339. [PMID: 36516234 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c01350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria and viruses can adhere onto diverse surfaces and be transmitted in multiple ways. A bifunctional coating that integrates both antibacterial and antiviral activities is a promising approach to mitigate bacterial and viral infections arising from a contaminated surface. However, current coating approaches encounter a slow reaction, limited activity against diverse bacteria or viruses, short-term activity, difficulty in scaling-up, and poor adaptation to diverse material surfaces. Here, we report a new one-step strategy for the development of a polydopamine-based nonfouling antibacterial and antiviral coating by the codeposition of various components. The in situ formed nanosilver in the presence of polydopamine was incorporated into the coating and served as both antibacterial and antiviral agents. In addition, the coassembly of polydopamine and a nonfouling hydrophilic polymer was constructed to prevent the adhesion of bacteria and viruses on the coating. The coating was prepared on model surfaces and thoroughly characterized using various surface analytical techniques. The coating exhibited strong antifouling properties with a reduction of nonspecific protein adsorption up to 90%. The coating was tested against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and showed long-term antibacterial effectiveness, which correlated with the composition of the coating. The antiviral activity of the coating was evaluated against human coronavirus 229E. A possible mechanism of action of the coating was proposed. We anticipate that the optimized coating will have applications in the development of infection prevention devices and surfaces.
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15
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Worldwide fight against COVID-19 using nanotechnology, polymer science, and 3D printing technology. Polym Bull (Berl) 2023; 80:165-183. [PMID: 35106016 PMCID: PMC8794596 DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-04006-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
One of the lethal illnesses that humanity has ever seen is COVID-19 irrefutably. The speed of virus spread is high and happens through polluted surfaces, respiratory droplets, and bodily fluids. It was found that without an efficient vaccine or specific treatment using personal protective equipment, preventing contamination of hands, and social distancing are the best ways to stay safe during the present pandemic. In this line, polymers, nanotechnology, and additive manufacturing, or 3D printing technology have been considered to probe, sense, and treat COVID-19. All aforementioned fields showed undeniable roles during the COVID-19 pandemic, which their contributions have been reviewed here. Finally, the effect of COVID-19 on the environment, alongside its positive and negative effects has been mentioned.
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16
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Jiang H, Luo D, Wang L, Zhang Y, Wang H, Wang C. A review of disposable facemasks during the COVID-19 pandemic: A focus on microplastics release. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 312:137178. [PMID: 36368541 PMCID: PMC9640709 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 epidemic seriously threats the human society and provokes the panic of the public. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) are widely utilized for frontline health workers to face the ongoing epidemic, especially disposable face masks (DFMs) to prevent airborne transmission of coronavirus. The overproduction and massive utilization of DFMs seriously challenge the management of plastic wastes. A huge amount of DFMs are discharged into environment, potentially induced the generation of microplastics (MPs) owing to physicochemical destruction. The MPs release will pose severe contamination burden on environment and human. In this review, environmental threats of DFMs regarding to DFMs fate in environment and DFMs threats to aquatic and terrestrial species were surveyed. A full summary of recent studies on MPs release from DFMs was provided. The knowledge of extraction and characterizations of MPs, the release behavior, and potential threats of MPs derived from DFMs was discussed. To confront the problem, feasible strategies for control DFMs pollution were analyzed from the perspective of source control and waste management. This review provides a better understanding the threats, fate, and management of DFMs linked to COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongru Jiang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Dan Luo
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Luyao Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yingshuang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Chongqing Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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17
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Deyab N, Ekram B, Badr KR, Abd El-Hady BM, Allam NK. Antiviral Electrospun Polyamide Three-Layered Mask Filter Containing Metal Oxide Nanoparticles and Black Seed Oil. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:44438-44447. [PMID: 36506173 PMCID: PMC9730509 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Upon the tremendous spread of coronavirus, there is a need to develop biodegradable, multifunctional, antiviral masks that can be safely used without polluting the environment as conventional surgical masks do. In this study, a three-layered mask filter is designed and fabricated. The first two layers contain electrospun polyamide with dispersed nanoparticles (NPs) of TiO2 and ZnO prepared via breakdown anodization. The third layer is composed of Nigella sativa oil (black seed oil) electrospun with polyamide and blended with chitosan to form an effective antiviral three-layered mask filter. The morphological characterization revealed the nanoscale features of the fabricated nanofibers with the ZnO and TiO2 NPs being embedded in the polymeric matrix. The specimens showed good wettability, which is necessary for virus attachment and its subsequent decay. The assembled mask has shown very good mechanical properties. The cytotoxicity results revealed that the proposed mask filter has less cytotoxic effect on the A549 cell line than the commercial KN95 mask filter with maintaining a cell viability of 65.3%. The antiviral activity test showed a variable virucidal effect against human adenovirus on A549 cells. The proposed mask showed the highest effect on the virus followed by PA-ZnO and PA-TiO2 films, which supports the assumption that the used NPs may have broad and promising effects on viruses when combined with the electrospun films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nourhan
M. Deyab
- Physical
Chemistry Department, Advanced Materials Technology and Mineral Resources
Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622Cairo, Egypt
| | - Basma Ekram
- Polymers
and Pigments Department, Chemical Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622Cairo, Egypt
| | - Kareem R. Badr
- Environmental
Virology Laboratory, Water 593 Pollution Research Department, Environment
and Climate Change Research Institute, National
Research Centre, Dokki, 12622Cairo, Egypt
| | - Bothaina M. Abd El-Hady
- Polymers
and Pigments Department, Chemical Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nageh K. Allam
- Energy
Materials Laboratory, Physics Department, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo11835, Egypt
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18
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Rapid synthesis of bismuth-organic frameworks as selective antimicrobial materials against microbial biofilms. Mater Today Bio 2022; 18:100507. [PMID: 36504541 PMCID: PMC9730226 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a global public health threat, and urgent actions should be undertaken for developing alternative antimicrobial strategies and approaches. Notably, bismuth drugs exhibit potent antimicrobial effects on various pathogens and promising efficacy in tackling SARS-CoV-2 and related infections. As such, bismuth-based materials could precisely combat pathogenic bacteria and effectively treat the resultant infections and inflammatory diseases through a controlled release of Bi ions for targeted drug delivery. Currently, it is a great challenge to rapidly and massively manufacture bismuth-based particles, and yet there are no reports on effectively constructing such porous antimicrobial-loaded particles. Herein, we have developed two rapid approaches (i.e., ultrasound-assisted and agitation-free methods) to synthesizing bismuth-based materials with ellipsoid- (Ellipsoids) and rod-like (Rods) morphologies respectively, and fully characterized physicochemical properties. Rods with a porous structure were confirmed as bismuth metal-organic frameworks (Bi-MOF) and aligned with the crystalline structure of CAU-17. Importantly, the formation of Rods was a 'two-step' crystallization process of growing almond-flake-like units followed by stacking into the rod-like structure. The size of Bi-MOF was precisely controlled from micro-to nano-scales by varying concentrations of metal ions and their ratio to the ligand. Moreover, both Ellipsoids and Rods showed excellent biocompatibility with human gingival fibroblasts and potent antimicrobial effects on the Gram-negative oral pathogens including Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum. Both Ellipsoids and Rods at 50 μg/mL could disrupt the bacterial membranes, and particularly eliminate P. gingivalis biofilms. This study demonstrates highly efficient and facile approaches to synthesizing bismuth-based particles. Our work could enrich the administration modalities of metallic drugs for promising antibiotic-free healthcare.
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19
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Ganesapillai M, Mondal B, Sarkar I, Sinha A, Ray SS, Kwon YN, Nakamura K, Govardhan K. The face behind the Covid-19 mask - A comprehensive review. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION 2022; 28:102837. [PMID: 35879973 PMCID: PMC9299984 DOI: 10.1016/j.eti.2022.102837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The threat of epidemic outbreaks like SARS-CoV-2 is growing owing to the exponential growth of the global population and the continual increase in human mobility. Personal protection against viral infections was enforced using ambient air filters, face masks, and other respiratory protective equipment. Available facemasks feature considerable variation in efficacy, materials usage and characteristic properties. Despite their widespread use and importance, face masks pose major potential threats due to the uncontrolled manufacture and disposal techniques. Improper solid waste management enables viral propagation and increases the volume of associated biomedical waste at an alarming rate. Polymers used in single-use face masks include a spectrum of chemical constituents: plasticisers and flame retardants leading to health-related issues over time. Despite ample research in this field, the efficacy of personal protective equipment and its impact post-disposal is yet to be explored satisfactorily. The following review assimilates information on the different forms of personal protective equipment currently in use. Proper waste management techniques pertaining to such special wastes have also been discussed. The study features a holistic overview of innovations made in face masks and their corresponding impact on human health and environment. Strategies with SDG3 and SDG12, outlining safe and proper disposal of solid waste, have also been discussed. Furthermore, employing the CFD paradigm, a 3D model of a face mask was created based on fluid flow during breathing techniques. Lastly, the review concludes with possible future advancements and promising research avenues in personal protective equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Ganesapillai
- Mass Transfer Group, School of Chemical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Bidisha Mondal
- Mass Transfer Group, School of Chemical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ishita Sarkar
- Mass Transfer Group, School of Chemical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Aritro Sinha
- Mass Transfer Group, School of Chemical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Saikat Sinha Ray
- Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Nam Kwon
- Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Republic of Korea
| | - Kazuho Nakamura
- Faculty of Engineering, Division of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Yokohama National University, Tokiwadai, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
| | - K Govardhan
- Department of Micro and Nano-Electronics, School of Electronics Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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20
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Faridi-Majidi R, Norouz F, Boroumand S, Nasrollah Tabatabaei S, Faridi-Majidi R. Decontamination Assessment of Nanofiber-based N95 Masks. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:80411-80421. [PMID: 35716305 PMCID: PMC9206400 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20903-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As the world battles with the outbreak of the novel coronavirus, it also prepares for future global pandemics that threaten our health, economy, and survivor. During the outbreak, it became evident that use of personal protective equipment (PPE), specially face masks, can significantly slow the otherwise uncontrolled spread of the virus. Nevertheless, the outbreak and its new variants have caused shortage of PPE in many regions of the world. In addition, waste management of the enormous economical and environmental footprint of single use PPE has proven to be a challenge. Therefore, this study advances the theme of decontaminating used masks. More specifically, the effect of various decontamination techniques on the integrity and functionality of nanofiber-based N95 masks (i.e. capable of at least filtering 95% of 0.3 μm aerosols) were examined. These techniques include 70% ethanol, bleaching, boiling, steaming, ironing as well as placement in autoclave, oven, and exposure to microwave (MW) and ultraviolet (UV) light. Herein, filtration efficiency (by Particle Filtration Efficiency equipment), general morphology, and microstructure of nanofibers (by Field Emission Scanning Electron microscopy) prior and after every decontamination technique were observed. The results suggest that decontamination of masks with 70% ethanol can lead to significant unfavorable changes in the microstructure and filtration efficiency (down to 57.33%) of the masks. In other techniques such as bleaching, boiling, steaming, ironing and placement in the oven, filtration efficiency dropped to only about 80% and in addition, some morphological changes in the nanofiber microstructure were seen. Expectedly, there was no significant reduction in filtration efficiency nor microstructural changes in the case of placement in autoclave and exposure to the UV light. It was concluded that, the latter methods are preferable to decontaminate nanofiber-based N95 masks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Faezeh Norouz
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Nasrollah Tabatabaei
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Faridi-Majidi
- Fanavaran Nano-Meghyas (Fnm Co. Ltd.), Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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21
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Zakrzewska A, Haghighat Bayan MA, Nakielski P, Petronella F, De Sio L, Pierini F. Nanotechnology Transition Roadmap toward Multifunctional Stimuli-Responsive Face Masks. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:46123-46144. [PMID: 36161869 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c10335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In recent times, the use of personal protective equipment, such as face masks or respirators, is becoming more and more critically important because of common pollution; furthermore, face masks have become a necessary element in the global fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. For this reason, the main mission of scientists has become the development of face masks with exceptional properties that will enhance their performance. The versatility of electrospun polymer nanofibers has determined their suitability as a material for constructing "smart" filter media. This paper provides an overview of the research carried out on nanofibrous filters obtained by electrospinning. The progressive development of the next generation of face masks whose unique properties can be activated in response to a specific external stimulus is highlighted. Thanks to additional components incorporated into the fiber structure, filters can, for example, acquire antibacterial or antiviral properties, self-sterilize the structure, and store the energy generated by users. Despite the discovery of several fascinating possibilities, some of them remain unexplored. Stimuli-responsive filters have the potential to become products of large-scale availability and great importance to society as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zakrzewska
- Department of Biosystems and Soft Matter, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Pawińskiego 5B, Warsaw 02-106, Poland
| | - Mohammad Ali Haghighat Bayan
- Department of Biosystems and Soft Matter, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Pawińskiego 5B, Warsaw 02-106, Poland
| | - Paweł Nakielski
- Department of Biosystems and Soft Matter, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Pawińskiego 5B, Warsaw 02-106, Poland
| | - Francesca Petronella
- Institute of Crystallography CNR-IC, National Research Council of Italy, Via Salaria Km 29.300, Monterotondo 00015, Rome Italy
| | - Luciano De Sio
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Research Center for Biophotonics, Sapienza University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica 79, Latina 04100, Italy
| | - Filippo Pierini
- Department of Biosystems and Soft Matter, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Pawińskiego 5B, Warsaw 02-106, Poland
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22
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Electrospun-Based Membranes as a Key Tool to Prevent Respiratory Infections. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14183787. [PMID: 36145931 PMCID: PMC9504510 DOI: 10.3390/polym14183787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of electrospun meshes has been proposed as highly efficient protective equipment to prevent respiratory infections. Those infections can result from the activity of micro-organisms and other small dust particles, such as those resulting from air pollution, that impair the respiratory tract, induce cellular damage and compromise breathing capacity. Therefore, electrospun meshes can contribute to promoting air-breathing quality and controlling the spread of such epidemic-disrupting agents due to their intrinsic characteristics, namely, low pore size, and high porosity and surface area. In this review, the mechanisms behind the pathogenesis of several stressors of the respiratory system are covered as well as the strategies adopted to inhibit their action. The main goal is to discuss the performance of antimicrobial electrospun nanofibers by comparing the results already reported in the literature. Further, the main aspects of the certification of filtering systems are highlighted, and the expected technology developments in the industry are also discussed.
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23
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Electrospinning of Biomedical Nanofibers/Nanomembranes: Effects of Process Parameters. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14183719. [PMID: 36145868 PMCID: PMC9504486 DOI: 10.3390/polym14183719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology has attracted great attention from researchers in modern science because nanomaterials have innovative and superior physical, chemical, and biological properties, and they can be altered and modified accordingly. As particles get smaller, their surface area increases compared to their volume. Electrospinning is one of the advanced techniques to produce ultrathin nanofibers and membranes, and it is one of the best ways to create continuous nanomaterials with variable biological, chemical, and physical properties. The produced fibers can be utilized in various domains such as wound dressing, drug release, enzyme immobilization, etc. This review examines the biomedical nanofibers/membranes produced by electrospinning techniques to investigate the effects of process parameters (e.g., solution characteristics, applied voltage, and ambient conditions) on nanofiber characteristics (physical, chemical, and mechanical properties). The solution parameters like (i) optimum concentration, (ii) higher molecular weight, and (iii) higher conductivity produce uniform nanofibers, smoother nanofibers, and a smaller and more uniform fiber diameter, respectively. In addition, process parameters such as (i) higher voltage and (ii) slower flow rate produce more polymer ejection from the nozzle and enhance the smoother fiber production, respectively. The optimum tip-to-collector distance is considered to be 13–15 cm. The ambient conditions such as (i) higher humidity and (ii) higher temperature produce thicker and thinner nanofibers, respectively. The controlled parameters through optimization process determine the size and quality of the fibers. The effects of each parameter are discussed in this review. The applications of nanofibers are also discussed.
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24
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Goharshadi EK, Goharshadi K, Moghayedi M. The use of nanotechnology in the fight against viruses: A critical review. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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25
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Saber D, Abd El-Aziz K. Advanced materials used in wearable health care devices and medical textiles in the battle against coronavirus (COVID-19): A review. JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL TEXTILES 2022; 51:246S-271S. [PMID: 38603366 PMCID: PMC9301358 DOI: 10.1177/15280837211041771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has generated great confusion around the world, affecting people's lives and producing a large number of deaths. The development of portable and wearable devices is of great importance in several fields such as point-of-care medical applications and environmental monitoring. Wearable devices with an ability to collect various types of physiological records are progressively becoming incorporated into everyday life of people. Physiological indicators are essential health indicators and their monitoring could efficiently enable early discovery of disease. This would also help decrease the number of extra severe health problems, in disease avoidance, and lower the overall public sector health cost. Protective clothing is nowadays a main part of textiles classified as technical or industrial textiles. Protective clothing aims to protect its wearer from the harsh environmental impacts that may result in injury or death. Providing protection for the common population has also been taken seriously considering the anticipated disaster due to virus attacks. This review highlights the properties of the materials that are used in wearable health care device and medical textiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Saber
- Materials Engineering Department,
Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- Industrial Engineering Department,
College of Engineering, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled Abd El-Aziz
- Materials Engineering Department,
Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- Mechanical Engineering Department,
College of Engineering, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
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26
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Khan J, E N, Mariatti M, Vilay V, Todo M. A comprehensive review on facemask manufacturing, testing, and its environmental impacts. JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL TEXTILES 2022; 52:15280837221111175. [PMID: 36249720 PMCID: PMC9548449 DOI: 10.1177/15280837221111175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) is currently the biggest threat to human lives due to its rapid transmission rate causing severe damage to human health and economy. The transmission of viral diseases can be minimized at its early stages with proper planning and preventive practices. The use of facemask has proved to be most effective measure to curb the spread of virus along with social distancing and good hygiene practices. This necessitates more research on facemask technology to increase its filtration efficiencies and proper disposal, which can be accelerated with knowledge of the current manufacturing process and recent research in this field. This review article provides an overview of the importance of facemask, fundamentals of nonwoven fabrics, and its manufacturing process. It also covers topics related to recent research reported for improved facemask efficiencies and testing methods to evaluate the performance of facemask. The plastic waste associated with the facemask and measures to minimize its effect are also briefly described. A systematic understanding is given in order to trigger future research in this field to ensure that we are well equipped for any future pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junaid Khan
- School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal Penang, Malaysia
| | - Netnapa E
- School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal Penang, Malaysia
| | - M Mariatti
- School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal Penang, Malaysia
| | - V Vilay
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Sokpaluang Campus, National University of Laos, Vientiane, Laos
| | - M Todo
- Renewable Energy Center, Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Nanotechnology Role Development for COVID-19 Pandemic Management. JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/1872933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The global outbreak of coronavirus disease has sent an ominous message to the field of innovative and advanced technology research and development (COVID-19). To accomplish this, convectional technology and recent discoveries can be combined, or new research directions can be opened up using nanotechnology. Nanotechnology can be used to prevent, diagnose, and treat SARS-CoV-2 infection. As the pandemic spreads, a thorough examination of nanomaterials' role in pandemic response is highly desirable. According to this comprehensive review article, nanotechnology can be used to prevent, diagnose, and treat COVID-19. This research will be extremely useful during the COVID-19 outbreak in terms of developing rules for designing nanostructure materials to combat the outbreak.
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Air pollution control for indoor environments using nanofiber filters: a brief review and post-pandemic perspectives. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL ADVANCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2022.100330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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29
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Fan Y, Zhi Y, He M, Ahmadzadeh B, Rohani S. Cellulose acetate/Plerixafor wound dressings for transplantation of menstrual blood stem cells: Potential treatment modality for diabetic wounds. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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30
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Taguchi L25 (54) Approach for Methylene Blue Removal by Polyethylene Terephthalate Nanofiber-Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Composite. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14081242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A membrane composed of polyethylene terephthalate nanofiber and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (PET NF-MWCNTs) composite is used to adsorb methylene blue (MB) dye from an aqueous solution. Scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction techniques are employed to study the surface properties of the adsorbent. Several parameters affecting dye adsorption (pH, MB dye initial concentration, PET NF-MWCNTs dose, and contact time) are optimized for optimal removal efficiency (R, %) by using the Taguchi L25 (54) Orthogonal Array approach. According to the ANOVA results, pH has the highest contributing percentage at 71.01%, suggesting it has the most significant impact on removal efficiency. The adsorbent dose is the second most affected (12.08%), followed by the MB dye initial concentration of 5.91%, and the least affected is the contact time (1.81%). In addition, experimental findings confirm that the Langmuir isotherm is well-fitted, suggesting a monolayer capping of MB dye on the PET-NF-MWCNT surface with a maximum adsorption capacity of 7.047 mg g−1. Also, the kinetic results are well-suited to the pseudo-second-order model. There is a good agreement between the calculated (qe) and experimental values for the pseudo-second-order kinetic model.
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31
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Rahman MZ, Hoque ME, Alam MR, Rouf MA, Khan SI, Xu H, Ramakrishna S. Face Masks to Combat Coronavirus (COVID-19)-Processing, Roles, Requirements, Efficacy, Risk and Sustainability. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14071296. [PMID: 35406172 PMCID: PMC9003287 DOI: 10.3390/polym14071296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasingly prevalent respiratory infectious diseases (e.g., COVID-19) have posed severe threats to public health. Viruses including coronavirus, influenza, and so on can cause respiratory infections. A pandemic may potentially emerge owing to the worldwide spread of the virus through persistent human-to-human transmission. However, transmission pathways may vary; respiratory droplets or airborne virus-carrying particles can have a key role in transmitting infections to humans. In conjunction with social distancing, hand cleanliness, and other preventative measures, the use of face masks is considered to be another scientific approach to combat ubiquitous coronavirus. Different types of face masks are produced using a range of materials (e.g., polypropylene, polyacrylonitrile, polycarbonate, polyurethane, polystyrene, polyester and polyethylene) and manufacturing techniques (woven, knitted, and non-woven) that provide different levels of protection to the users. However, the efficacy and proper disposal/management of the used face masks, particularly the ones made of non-biodegradable polymers, pose great environmental concerns. This review compiles the recent advancements of face masks, covering their requirements, materials and techniques used, efficacy, challenges, risks, and sustainability towards further enhancement of the quality and performance of face masks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Zillur Rahman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology (AUST), Dhaka 1208, Bangladesh
- Correspondence: (M.Z.R.); (M.E.H.); (H.X.)
| | - Md Enamul Hoque
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Military Institute of Science and Technology (MIST), Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh;
- Correspondence: (M.Z.R.); (M.E.H.); (H.X.)
| | - Md Rubel Alam
- Department of Knitwear Manufacturing and Technology, BGMEA University of Fashion and Technology (BUFT), Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh; (M.R.A.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Md Abdur Rouf
- Department of Knitwear Manufacturing and Technology, BGMEA University of Fashion and Technology (BUFT), Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh; (M.R.A.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Saiful Islam Khan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Military Institute of Science and Technology (MIST), Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh;
| | - Huaizhong Xu
- Department of Biobased Materials Science, Kyoto Institute of Technology (KIT), Matsugasaki Hashikamicho 1, Sakyoku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
- Correspondence: (M.Z.R.); (M.E.H.); (H.X.)
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore 117575, Singapore;
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Submicronic Filtering Media Based on Electrospun Recycled PET Nanofibers: Development, Characterization, and Method to Manufacture Surgical Masks. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12060925. [PMID: 35335738 PMCID: PMC8952864 DOI: 10.3390/nano12060925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The disposal of single-use personal protective equipment has brought a notable environmental impact in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. During these last two years, part of the global research efforts has been focused on preventing contagion using nanotechnology. This work explores the production of filter materials with electrohydrodynamic techniques using recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET). PET was chosen because it is one of the materials most commonly present in everyday waste (such as in food packaging, bags, or bottles), being the most frequently used thermoplastic polymer in the world. The influence of the electrospinning parameters on the filtering capacity of the resulting fabric was analyzed against both aerosolized submicron particles and microparticulated matter. Finally, we present a new scalable and straightforward method for manufacturing surgical masks by electrospinning and we validate their performance by simulating the standard conditions to which they are subjected to during use. The masks were successfully reprocessed to ensure that the proposed method is able to reduce the environmental impact of disposable face masks.
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Phuna ZX, Panda BP, Hawala Shivashekaregowda NK, Madhavan P. Nanoprotection from SARS-COV-2: would nanotechnology help in Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) to control the transmission of COVID-19? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2022:1-30. [PMID: 35253535 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2022.2046710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a worldwide outbreak. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus can be transmitted human-to-human through droplets and close contact where personal protective equipment (PPE) is imperative to protect the individuals. The advancement of nanotechnology with significant nanosized properties can confer a higher form of protection. Incorporation of nanotechnology into facemasks can exhibit antiviral properties. Nanocoating on surfaces can achieve self-disinfecting purposes and be applied in highly populated places. Moreover, nano-based hand sanitizers can confer better sterilizing efficacies with low skin irritation as compared to alcohol-based hand sanitizers. The present review discusses the incorporation of nanotechnology into nano-based materials and coatings in facemasks, self-surface disinfectants and hand sanitizers, in the hope to contribute to the current understanding of PPE to combat COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Xin Phuna
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Bibhu Prasad Panda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Schoolof Pharmacy, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | | | - Priya Madhavan
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
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34
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Souri M, Chiani M, Farhangi A, Mehrabi MR, Nourouzian D, Raahemifar K, Soltani M. Anti-COVID-19 Nanomaterials: Directions to Improve Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:783. [PMID: 35269270 PMCID: PMC8912597 DOI: 10.3390/nano12050783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Following the announcement of the outbreak of COVID-19 by the World Health Organization, unprecedented efforts were made by researchers around the world to combat the disease. So far, various methods have been developed to combat this "virus" nano enemy, in close collaboration with the clinical and scientific communities. Nanotechnology based on modifiable engineering materials and useful physicochemical properties has demonstrated several methods in the fight against SARS-CoV-2. Here, based on what has been clarified so far from the life cycle of SARS-CoV-2, through an interdisciplinary perspective based on computational science, engineering, pharmacology, medicine, biology, and virology, the role of nano-tools in the trio of prevention, diagnosis, and treatment is highlighted. The special properties of different nanomaterials have led to their widespread use in the development of personal protective equipment, anti-viral nano-coats, and disinfectants in the fight against SARS-CoV-2 out-body. The development of nano-based vaccines acts as a strong shield in-body. In addition, fast detection with high efficiency of SARS-CoV-2 by nanomaterial-based point-of-care devices is another nanotechnology capability. Finally, nanotechnology can play an effective role as an agents carrier, such as agents for blocking angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors, gene editing agents, and therapeutic agents. As a general conclusion, it can be said that nanoparticles can be widely used in disinfection applications outside in vivo. However, in in vivo applications, although it has provided promising results, it still needs to be evaluated for possible unintended immunotoxicity. Reviews like these can be important documents for future unwanted pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Souri
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 13169-43551, Iran; (M.S.); (M.C.); (A.F.)
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran 19967-15433, Iran
| | - Mohsen Chiani
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 13169-43551, Iran; (M.S.); (M.C.); (A.F.)
| | - Ali Farhangi
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 13169-43551, Iran; (M.S.); (M.C.); (A.F.)
| | - Mohammad Reza Mehrabi
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 13169-43551, Iran; (M.S.); (M.C.); (A.F.)
| | - Dariush Nourouzian
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 13169-43551, Iran; (M.S.); (M.C.); (A.F.)
| | - Kaamran Raahemifar
- Data Science and Artificial Intelligence Program, College of Information Sciences and Technology (IST), Penn State University, State College, PA 16801, USA;
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Science, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - M. Soltani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran 19967-15433, Iran
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
- Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (CBB), University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
- Advanced Bioengineering Initiative Center, Multidisciplinary International Complex, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran 14176-14411, Iran
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Improvement of Moisture Management Properties of Face Masks Using Electrospun Nanofiber Filter Insert. ADSORPT SCI TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/9351778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Face coverings such as a face mask are one of the important preventive measures amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, by limiting exhaled particles and reducing expiratory droplet spread. Adding a filter to face masks may offer extra protection against the virus. Nevertheless, there remains a significant concern where thicker, tightly woven materials of masks may reduce the ability to breathe comfortably, due to inadequate moisture management properties of woven fabric in existing disposable surgical face masks. Therefore, the study on the properties of air permeability, water vapor permeability, and flexural rigidity of a face mask fabric is highly essential. This study is aimed at analyzing the potential application of electrospun nanofibers fabricated from electrospinning technique, as filter inserts in commercial surgical face masks. The function of electrospun nanofiber filter (NF) inserted in commercial surgical face masks was introduced in the study. The results indicated the significant reduction in air permeability and water vapor permeability along with the additional usage of electrospun NF within the surgical face masks, due to the smaller fiber size and interspaces in the filter layer as analyzed from FESEM analysis. The percentage of air permeability value was slightly decreased by 15.9%, from 339.5 to 285.5 mm/s, whereas the value of flexural rigidity of surgical face masks with and without electrospun NF insert is 0.1358 and 0.1207 mg/cm, respectively. Hence, the NF inserts are recommended as the potential core component in a face mask.
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36
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Sustainable Applications of Nanofibers in Agriculture and Water Treatment: A Review. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14010464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Natural fibers are an important source for producing polymers, which are highly applicable in their nanoform and could be used in very broad fields such as filtration for water/wastewater treatment, biomedicine, food packaging, harvesting, and storage of energy due to their high specific surface area. These natural nanofibers could be mainly produced through plants, animals, and minerals, as well as produced from agricultural wastes. For strengthening these natural fibers, they may reinforce with some substances such as nanomaterials. Natural or biofiber-reinforced bio-composites and nano–bio-composites are considered better than conventional composites. The sustainable application of nanofibers in agricultural sectors is a promising approach and may involve plant protection and its growth through encapsulating many bio-active molecules or agrochemicals (i.e., pesticides, phytohormones, and fertilizers) for smart delivery at the targeted sites. The food industry and processing also are very important applicable fields of nanofibers, particularly food packaging, which may include using nanofibers for active–intelligent food packaging, and food freshness indicators. The removal of pollutants from soil, water, and air is an urgent field for nanofibers due to their high efficiency. Many new approaches or applicable agro-fields for nanofibers are expected in the future, such as using nanofibers as the indicators for CO and NH3. The role of nanofibers in the global fighting against COVID-19 may represent a crucial solution, particularly in producing face masks.
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Deshmukh SB, Kulandainathan AM, Murugavel K. A review on Biopolymer-derived Electrospun Nanofibers for Biomedical and Antiviral Applications. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:4424-4442. [DOI: 10.1039/d2bm00820c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Unique aspects of polymer-derived nanofibers provide significant potential in the area of biomedical and health care applications. Much research has demonstrated several plausible nanofibers to overcome the modern-day challenges in...
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Patel P, Yadav BK, Patel G. State-of-the-Art and Projected Developments of Nanofiber Filter Material for Face Mask Against COVID-19. RECENT PATENTS ON NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 16:262-270. [PMID: 34086552 DOI: 10.2174/1872210515666210604110946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Covid-19 epidemic was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020. It is difficult to foresee the future length and severity; it may extend to weeks, months, or even years to deplete the energy and resources of the health care facilities and the providers as there is marginal to no pharmacological medication available to treat the Covid-19. Unless an effective pharmacological treatment such as medicines and vaccines is developed and released publicly, wearing protective face masks and protecting personal health and hygiene is merely a choice to avoid the Covid-19 spread. This review summarizes the background knowledge on the Covid-19 disease and currently available face masks for highly infectious disease primary prevention. According to recent studies of Covid-19 prevention, diagnosis, and treatment, nanotechnologists have provided a revolutionary approach that involves both pharmacological and non-pharmacological steps, one of which is the use of nanofibers in facemasks and respirators. METHODS Various researches carried out in the field of nanomask and patented reports based on the application of nanomask were reviewed. CONCLUSION The most recent developments of nanofibers, including research publications, patents and commercial products in Covid-19 prevention, are extensively reviewed from scientific literature and appropriately represented in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology (CHARUSAT), CHARUSAT Campus, Changa 388421, India
| | - Bindu Kumari Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology (CHARUSAT), CHARUSAT Campus, Changa 388421, India
| | - Gayatri Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology (CHARUSAT), CHARUSAT Campus, Changa 388421, India
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Abstract
Corona Virus is spreading at an alarming rate in community causing respiratory diseases like SARS and MERS, which has laid down Government agencies and healthcare organizations to adopt and recommend various strategies in order to cease the spread of corona virus. Till the dawn of Vaccine, only available cost-effective preventive aid is the use of face mask. Since the outbreak of covid-19, demand for the face mask has been increased tremendously which has led to the shortage of face mask. Various masks are available in the market, but reuse and decontamination of reusable face mask has become the topic of concern. Commonly available masks in market are N-95, Medical/Surgical Mask and cloth masks. N-95 and Respirators should be reserved for frontline primary Healthcare professionals which are involved in High-risk aerosol generating procedures, while Surgical and medical mask should be used by secondary healthcare professionals and cloth masks by General public.
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Polyacrylonitrile Nanofibers Containing Viroblock as Promising Material for Protective Clothing. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app112311469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial viroblock/polyacrylonitrile nanofiber webs fabricated using the electrospinning method were assessed in terms of the antimicrobial activity against infectious agents as a potential material used in mask production. Viroblock (VB) is an amalgam of lipid vesicle and silver. Lipid vesicle depletes the virus outer membrane, which contains cholesterol, while silver ions penetrate the virus, interact with sulfur-bearing moieties, and possess the virus bactericidal property. VB, having anti-coronavirus and anti-influenza properties, was prepared in four different concentrations, 0.5 wt%, 1 wt%, 1.5 wt%, and 2 wt%, in regard to nanofiber weight. The resultant nanofibers were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), water contact angle, water content, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Moreover, all nanofibrous samples were evaluated for cell proliferation assay and ATCC antibacterial tests. Based on characterization results and cytotoxicity, the developed composite nanofibers-based webs showed good promise for utilization in anti-viral masks. Particularly, 2 wt% VB/PAN nanofibers have the highest antibacterial properties against negative and positive bacteria along with excellent cell viability.
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Babaahmadi V, Amid H, Naeimirad M, Ramakrishna S. Biodegradable and multifunctional surgical face masks: A brief review on demands during COVID-19 pandemic, recent developments, and future perspectives. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 798:149233. [PMID: 34329934 PMCID: PMC8302485 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Providing the greater public with the current coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines is time-consuming and research-intensive; intermediately, some essential ways to reduce the transmission include social distancing, personal hygiene, testing, contact tracing, and universal masking. The data suggests that universal masking, especially using multilayer surgical face masks, offers a powerful efficacy for indoor places. These layers have different functions including antiviral/antibacterial, fluid barrier, particulate and bacterial filtration, and fit and comfort. However, universal masking poses a serious environmental threat since billions of them are disposed on a daily basis; the current coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has put such demands and consequences in perspective. This review focuses on surgical face mask structures and classifications, their impact on our environment, some of their desirable functionalities, and the recent developments around their biodegradability. The authors believe that this review provides an insight into the fabrication and deployment of effective surgical face masks, and it discusses the utilization of multifunctional structures along with biodegradable materials to deal with future demands in a more eco-friendly fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Babaahmadi
- Department of Materials and Textile Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah 6714414971, Iran.
| | - Hooman Amid
- Saint-Gobain Inc., Research and Development Supervisor, Nonwoven Abrasives, McAllen, TX 78503, United States of America
| | - Mohammadreza Naeimirad
- Department of Materials and Textile Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah 6714414971, Iran
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Centre for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
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Das SK, Chinnappan A, Jayathilaka WADM, Gosh R, Baskar C, Ramakrishna S. Challenges and Potential Solutions for 100% Recycling of Medical Textiles. MATERIALS CIRCULAR ECONOMY 2021. [PMCID: PMC8290140 DOI: 10.1007/s42824-021-00023-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Medical textiles are all fiber-based products and structures which are utilized for emergency treatment, clinical, surgical and hygienic purposes. It is an exceptionally particular and bio viable specialized material, utilized for clinical and cleanliness applications. Volumes of clinical waste being created in excess of 60 million tons yearly around the world. According to the current investigation reports and information, the worldwide clinical waste administration market was esteemed at USD 11.77 billion in the year 2018 and will reach at 17.89 billion by the year 2026 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.3%. Over the world, out of the measure of waste created by medical care activities, about 85% is general waste and staying 15% is viewed as unsafe material that might be irresistible, poisonous or radioactive. The following particular reasons are very harmful for the environment in the upcoming future. The waste management policy of medical textile is a vital fact for the world. The potential and effectual solution is recycling of these medical wastes. Current solutions for 100% recycling of medical textiles are chemical treatment, incineration, and autoclaving. But the most innovative solution of medical textiles is molecular tagging/tagging of fibers. Medical textile market is producing state-of-the-art polymeric textile implantable devices that are redefining traditional materials and methods of surgery. Developing polymer innovation has yielded a wide scope of uses of implantable clinical material or biotextiles. Due to world Covid-19 pandemic situation, the requirement of medical textiles already has been increased almost double from last year. It has been observed that the market value of medical textiles will be in optimum position. In the year 2019, the global market worth of medical textiles was US$ 17.5 billion. In the present world, the current medical textiles like implantable and non-implantable categories are not applying for recycling process or end used of their life cycle. In this paper, we will discuss about potential solutions for recycling medical textiles like—by using conductive polymers, maintaining ε-Poly-lysine, non-fibrous biomass, bioactive fibers, etc. But there are still some challenges for recycling like—maintain 100% polymeric bonds, bacterial effect, flexibility and sustainability for clinical performance after recycling the specific product. In this paper, we are presenting the scientific methods, mechanisms, and procedures that used to overcome the aforementioned challenges in the recycling methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amutha Chinnappan
- Center for Nanotechnology and Sustainability, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260 Singapore
| | - W. A. D. M. Jayathilaka
- Center for Nanotechnology and Sustainability, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260 Singapore
| | - Rituparna Gosh
- Center for Nanotechnology and Sustainability, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260 Singapore
| | - Chinnappan Baskar
- THDC Institute of Hydropower Engineering and Technology Tehri, Uttarakhand Technical University, Dehradun, India
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Pattimura University, Ambon, Indonesia
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Center for Nanotechnology and Sustainability, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260 Singapore
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Shi J, Li H, Xu F, Tao X. Materials in advanced design of personal protective equipment: a review. MATERIALS TODAY. ADVANCES 2021; 12:100171. [PMID: 34514364 PMCID: PMC8423993 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtadv.2021.100171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic has aroused tremendous attention toward personal protective equipment (PPE) in both scientific research and industrial manufacture. Despite decades of development in PPE design and fabrication, there's still much room for further optimization, in terms, of both protection performance and wear comfort. Interdisciplinary efforts have been devoted to this research field in recent years. Significantly, the innovation of materials, which brings about improved performance and versatile new functions for PPEs, has been widely adopted in PPE design. In this minireview, recent progress in the development of novel materials and structural designs for PPE application are presented in detail with the introduction of various material-based strategies for different PPE types, as well as the examples, which apply auxiliary components into face masks to enrich the functionalities and improve the personal feelings in the pandemic period.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Shi
- College of Engineering Physics, Shenzhen Technology University, 518118, Shenzhen, China
| | - H Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - F Xu
- College of Engineering Physics, Shenzhen Technology University, 518118, Shenzhen, China
| | - X Tao
- Research Center for Smart Wearable Technology, Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 999077, Hong Kong, China
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Li R, Zhang M, Wu Y, Tang P, Sun G, Wang L, Mandal S, Wang L, Lang J, Passalacqua A, Subramaniam S, Song G. What We Are Learning from COVID-19 for Respiratory Protection: Contemporary and Emerging Issues. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:4165. [PMID: 34883668 PMCID: PMC8659889 DOI: 10.3390/polym13234165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious respiratory diseases such as the current COVID-19 have caused public health crises and interfered with social activity. Given the complexity of these novel infectious diseases, their dynamic nature, along with rapid changes in social and occupational environments, technology, and means of interpersonal interaction, respiratory protective devices (RPDs) play a crucial role in controlling infection, particularly for viruses like SARS-CoV-2 that have a high transmission rate, strong viability, multiple infection routes and mechanisms, and emerging new variants that could reduce the efficacy of existing vaccines. Evidence of asymptomatic and pre-symptomatic transmissions further highlights the importance of a universal adoption of RPDs. RPDs have substantially improved over the past 100 years due to advances in technology, materials, and medical knowledge. However, several issues still need to be addressed such as engineering performance, comfort, testing standards, compliance monitoring, and regulations, especially considering the recent emergence of pathogens with novel transmission characteristics. In this review, we summarize existing knowledge and understanding on respiratory infectious diseases and their protection, discuss the emerging issues that influence the resulting protective and comfort performance of the RPDs, and provide insights in the identified knowledge gaps and future directions with diverse perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Department of Apparel, Events, and Hospitality Management, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50010, USA; (R.L.); (M.Z.); (Y.W.); (L.W.)
| | - Mengying Zhang
- Department of Apparel, Events, and Hospitality Management, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50010, USA; (R.L.); (M.Z.); (Y.W.); (L.W.)
| | - Yulin Wu
- Department of Apparel, Events, and Hospitality Management, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50010, USA; (R.L.); (M.Z.); (Y.W.); (L.W.)
| | - Peixin Tang
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (P.T.); (G.S.)
| | - Gang Sun
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (P.T.); (G.S.)
| | - Liwen Wang
- Department of Apparel, Events, and Hospitality Management, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50010, USA; (R.L.); (M.Z.); (Y.W.); (L.W.)
| | - Sumit Mandal
- Department of Design, Housing and Merchandising, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA;
| | - Lizhi Wang
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50010, USA;
| | - James Lang
- Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50010, USA;
| | - Alberto Passalacqua
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50010, USA; (A.P.); (S.S.)
| | - Shankar Subramaniam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50010, USA; (A.P.); (S.S.)
| | - Guowen Song
- Department of Apparel, Events, and Hospitality Management, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50010, USA; (R.L.); (M.Z.); (Y.W.); (L.W.)
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Pais V, Mota C, Bessa J, Dias JG, Cunha F, Fangueiro R. Study of the Filtration Performance of Multilayer and Multiscale Fibrous Structures. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14237147. [PMID: 34885301 PMCID: PMC8658242 DOI: 10.3390/ma14237147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
As the incidence of small-diameter particles in the air has increased in recent decades, the development of efficient filtration systems is both urgent and necessary. Nanotechnology, more precisely, electrospun nanofibres, has been identified as a potential solution for this issue, since it allows for the production of membranes with high rates of fibres per unit area, increasing the probability of nanoparticle collision and consequent retention. In the present study, the electrospinning technique of polyamide nanofibre production was optimized with the variation of parameters such as polymer concentration, flow rate and needle diameter. The optimized polyamide nanofibres were combined with polypropylene and polyester microfibres to construct a multilayer and multiscale system with an increased filtration efficiency. We observed that the penetration value of the multilayer system with a PA membrane in the composition, produced for 20 min in the electrospinning, is 2.7 times smaller than the penetration value of the system with the absence of micro and nano fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vânia Pais
- Fibrenamics, Institute of Innovation on Fiber-based Materials and Composites, University of Minho, 4800 Guimarães, Portugal; (C.M.); (J.B.); (F.C.); (R.F.)
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), University of Minho, 4800 Guimarães, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - Carlos Mota
- Fibrenamics, Institute of Innovation on Fiber-based Materials and Composites, University of Minho, 4800 Guimarães, Portugal; (C.M.); (J.B.); (F.C.); (R.F.)
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), University of Minho, 4800 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - João Bessa
- Fibrenamics, Institute of Innovation on Fiber-based Materials and Composites, University of Minho, 4800 Guimarães, Portugal; (C.M.); (J.B.); (F.C.); (R.F.)
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), University of Minho, 4800 Guimarães, Portugal
| | | | - Fernando Cunha
- Fibrenamics, Institute of Innovation on Fiber-based Materials and Composites, University of Minho, 4800 Guimarães, Portugal; (C.M.); (J.B.); (F.C.); (R.F.)
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), University of Minho, 4800 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Raul Fangueiro
- Fibrenamics, Institute of Innovation on Fiber-based Materials and Composites, University of Minho, 4800 Guimarães, Portugal; (C.M.); (J.B.); (F.C.); (R.F.)
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), University of Minho, 4800 Guimarães, Portugal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minho, 4800 Guimarães, Portugal
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El-Atab N, Mishra RB, Hussain MM. Toward nanotechnology-enabled face masks against SARS-CoV-2 and pandemic respiratory diseases. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 33:062006. [PMID: 34727530 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac3578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Wearing a face mask has become a necessity following the outbreak of the coronavirus (COVID-19) disease, where its effectiveness in containing the pandemic has been confirmed. Nevertheless, the pandemic has revealed major deficiencies in the ability to manufacture and ramp up worldwide production of efficient surgical-grade face masks. As a result, many researchers have focused their efforts on the development of low cost, smart and effective face covers. In this article, following a short introduction concerning face mask requirements, the different nanotechnology-enabled techniques for achieving better protection against the SARS-CoV-2 virus are reviewed, including the development of nanoporous and nanofibrous membranes in addition to triboelectric nanogenerators based masks, which can filter the virus using various mechanisms such as straining, electrostatic attraction and electrocution. The development of nanomaterials-based mask coatings to achieve virus repellent and sterilizing capabilities, including antiviral, hydrophobic and photothermal features are also discussed. Finally, the usability of nanotechnology-enabled face masks is discussed and compared with that of current commercial-grade N95 masks. To conclude, we highlight the challenges associated with the quick transfer of nanomaterials-enabled face masks and provide an overall outlook of the importance of nanotechnology in counteracting the COVID-19 and future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazek El-Atab
- Smart, Advanced Memory devices and Applications (SAMA) Lab, Electrical & Computer Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rishabh B Mishra
- Smart, Advanced Memory devices and Applications (SAMA) Lab, Electrical & Computer Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- MMH Labs, Electrical & Computer Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad M Hussain
- MMH Labs, Electrical & Computer Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences (EECS), University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1170, United States of America
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Guo Y, Wang X, Shen Y, Dong K, Shen L, Alzalab AAA. Research progress, models and simulation of electrospinning technology: a review. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE 2021; 57:58-104. [PMID: 34658418 PMCID: PMC8513391 DOI: 10.1007/s10853-021-06575-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, nanomaterials have aroused extensive research interest in the world's material science community. Electrospinning has the advantages of wide range of available raw materials, simple process, small fiber diameter and high porosity. Electrospinning as a nanomaterial preparation technology with obvious advantages has been studied, such as its influencing parameters, physical models and computer simulation. In this review, the influencing parameters, simulation and models of electrospinning technology are summarized. In addition, the progresses in applications of the technology in biomedicine, energy and catalysis are reported. This technology has many applications in many fields, such as electrospun polymers in various aspects of biomedical engineering. The latest achievements in recent years are summarized, and the existing problems and development trends are analyzed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070 People’s Republic of China
- International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070 People’s Republic of China
- Biomedical Materials and Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070 People’s Republic of China
- International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070 People’s Republic of China
- Biomedical Materials and Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070 People’s Republic of China
- Foshan Xianhu Laboratory of the Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Xianhu Hydrogen Valley, Foshan, 528200 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070 People’s Republic of China
- International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070 People’s Republic of China
- Biomedical Materials and Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070 People’s Republic of China
| | - Kuo Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070 People’s Republic of China
- Biomedical Materials and Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070 People’s Republic of China
| | - Linyi Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070 People’s Republic of China
- Biomedical Materials and Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070 People’s Republic of China
| | - Asmaa Ahmed Abdullah Alzalab
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070 People’s Republic of China
- Biomedical Materials and Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070 People’s Republic of China
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Pandit P, Maity S, Singha K, Annu, Uzun M, Shekh M, Ahmed S. Potential biodegradable face mask to counter environmental impact of Covid-19. CLEANER ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY 2021; 4:100218. [PMID: 34322678 PMCID: PMC8297964 DOI: 10.1016/j.clet.2021.100218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
On the eve of the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, there is a tremendous increase in the production of facemasks across the world. The primary raw materials for the manufacturing of the facemasks are non-biodegradable synthetic polymers derived from petrochemicals. Disposal of these synthetic facemasks increases waste-load in the environment causing severe ecological issues for flora and fauna. The synthesis processes of the polymers from the petrochemical by-products were also not eco-friendly, which releases huge greenhouse and harmful gases. Therefore, many research organizations and entrepreneurs realize the need for biodegradable facemasks to render similar performance as the existing non-biodegradable masks. The conventional textile fabrics made of natural fibers like cotton, flax, hemp, etc., can also be used to prepare facemasks with multiple layers in use for general protection. Such natural textile masks can be made anti-microbial by applying various herbal anti-microbial extracts like turmeric, neem, basil, aloe vera, etc. As porosity is the exclusive feature of the masks for arresting tiny viruses, the filter of the masks should have a pore size in the nanometre scale, and that can be achieved in nanomembrane manufactured by electrospinning technology. This article reviews the various scopes of electrospinning technology for the preparation of nanomembrane biomasks. Besides protecting us from the virus, the biomasks can be useful for skin healing, skincare, auto-fragrance, and organized cooling which are also discussed in this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pintu Pandit
- National Institute of Fashion Technology, Department of Textile Design, Mithapur Farms, Patna, 800001, India
| | - Subhankar Maity
- Department of Textile Technology, Uttar Pradesh Textile Technology Institute, Kanpur, 208001, India
| | - Kunal Singha
- National Institute of Fashion Technology, Department of Textile Design, Mithapur Farms, Patna, 800001, India
| | - Annu
- Lecturer in Chemistry, Higher Education Department, Government of Jammu and Kashmir, India
- Department of Chemistry, Government Degree College Samba, Jammu and Kashmir, 184121, India
| | - Muhammet Uzun
- Department of Textile Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Centre for Nanotechnology and Biomaterials Applied and Research, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehdihasan Shekh
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Shakeel Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Government Degree College Mendhar, Jammu and Kashmir, 185211, India
- Higher Education Department, Government of Jammu and Kashmir, India
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Karabulut FNH, Höfler G, Ashok Chand N, Beckermann GW. Electrospun Nanofibre Filtration Media to Protect against Biological or Nonbiological Airborne Particles. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3257. [PMID: 34641073 PMCID: PMC8511993 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrospun nanofibres can outperform their melt-blown counterparts in many applications, especially air filtration. The different filtration mechanisms of nanofibres are particularly important when it comes to the air filtration of viruses (such as COVID-19) and bacteria. In this work, we present an electrospun nanofibre filter media, FilterLayrTM by NanoLayr Ltd., containing poly(methyl methacrylate)/ethylene vinyl alcohol nanofibres. The outstanding uniformity of the nanofibres was indicated by the good correlation between pressure drop (ΔP) and areal weight with R2 values in the range of 0.82 to 0.98 across various test air velocities. By adjusting the nanofibre areal weight (basis weight), the nanofibre filter media was shown to meet the particle filtration efficiency and breathability requirements of the following internationally accepted facemask and respirator standards: N95 respirator facemask performance in accordance with NIOSH 42CFR84 (filtration efficiency of up to 98.10% at a pressure drop of 226 Pa and 290 Pa at 85 L·min-1 and 120 L·min-1, respectively), Level 2 surgical facemask performance in accordance with ASTM F2299 (filtration efficiency of up to 99.97% at 100 nm particle size and a pressure drop of 44 Pa at 8 L·min-1), and Level 2 filtration efficiency and Level 1 breathability for barrier face coverings in accordance with ASTM F3502 (filtration efficiency of up to 99.68% and a pressure drop of 133 Pa at 60 L·min-1), with Level 2 breathability being achievable at lower nanofibre areal weights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice N. H. Karabulut
- NanoLayr Ltd., 59 Mahunga Drive, Mangere Bridge, Auckland 2022, New Zealand; (N.A.C.); (G.W.B.)
| | - Günther Höfler
- NanoLayr Ltd., 59 Mahunga Drive, Mangere Bridge, Auckland 2022, New Zealand; (N.A.C.); (G.W.B.)
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Kang DH, Kim NK, Kang HW. Electrostatic Charge Retention in PVDF Nanofiber-Nylon Mesh Multilayer Structure for Effective Fine Particulate Matter Filtration for Face Masks. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3235. [PMID: 34641051 PMCID: PMC8513023 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, almost 70% of the world's population occupies urban areas. Owing to the high population density in these regions, they are exposed to various types of air pollutants. Fine particle air pollutants (<2.5 μm) can easily invade the human respiratory system, causing health issues. For fine particulate matter filtration, the use of a face mask filter is efficient; however, its use is accompanied by a high-pressure drop, making breathing difficult. Electrostatic interactions in the filter of the face mask constitute the dominant filtration mechanism for capturing fine particulate matter; these masks are, however, significantly weakened by the high humidity in exhaled breath. In this study, we demonstrate that a filter with an electrostatically rechargeable structure operates with normal breathing air power. In our novel face mask, a filter membrane is assembled by layer-by-layer stacking of the electrospun PVDF nanofiber mat formed on a nylon mesh. Tribo/piezoelectric characteristics via multilayer structure enhance filtration performance, even under air-powered filter bending taken as a normal breathing condition. The air gap between nanofiber and mesh layers increases air diffusion time and preserves the electrostatic charges within the multi-layered nanofiber filter membrane under humid air penetration, which is advantageous for face mask applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hyun Wook Kang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (D.H.K.); (N.K.K.)
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