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Sun L, Zhao JH, Fan WY, Feng B, Liu WW, Chen RQ, Ban C, Dang AG, Wang M, Luo KT, Zhou GY, Yu FF, Ba Y. Therapeutic effects of high-dose vitamin C supplementation in patients with COVID-19: a meta-analysis. Nutr Rev 2024; 82:1056-1068. [PMID: 37682265 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) could induce the "cytokine storm" due to overactivation of immune system and accompanied by acute respiratory distress syndrome as a serious complication. Vitamin C has been effective in improving lung function of patients by reducing inflammation. OBJECTIVE The aim was to explore the therapeutic effects of high-dose vitamin C supplementation for patients with COVID-19 using meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES Published studies were searched from PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, EMBASE, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases up to August 2022 using the terms "vitamin C" and "COVID-19". Data analyses were performed independently by 2 researchers using the PRISMA guidelines. DATA EXTRACTION Heterogeneity between the included studies was assessed using I2 statistics. When I2 ≥50%, the random-effects model was used; otherwise, a fixed-effects model was applied. Stata 14.0 software was used to pool data by standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% CIs or odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs. DATA ANALYSIS The 14 studies had a total of 751 patients and 1583 control participants in 7 randomized controlled trials and 7 retrospective studies. The vitamin C supplement significantly increased ferritin (SMD = 0.272; 95% CI: 0.059 to 0.485; P = 0.012) and lymphocyte count levels (SMD = 0.376; 95% CI: 0.153 to 0.599; P = 0.001) in patients with COVID-19. Patients administered vitamin C in the length of intensive care unit staying (SMD = 0.226; 95% CI: 0.073 to 0.379; P = 0.004). Intake of vitamin C prominently alleviate disease aggravation (OR = 0.344, 95%CI: 0.135 to 0.873, P = 0.025). CONCLUSIONS High-dose vitamin C supplementation can alleviate inflammatory response and hinder the aggravation of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Sun
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Environment and Health Innovation Team, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jia-Hao Zhao
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Environment and Health Innovation Team, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wen-Yi Fan
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Environment and Health Innovation Team, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Bo Feng
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Environment and Health Innovation Team, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wen-Wen Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Environment and Health Innovation Team, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Rui-Qin Chen
- Jinshui District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Chuang Ban
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Environment and Health Innovation Team, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ao-Gui Dang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Environment and Health Innovation Team, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Miao Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Environment and Health Innovation Team, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Kang-Ting Luo
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Environment and Health Innovation Team, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Guo-Yu Zhou
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Environment and Health Innovation Team, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Fang-Fang Yu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Environment and Health Innovation Team, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yue Ba
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Environment and Health Innovation Team, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Zhang A, Yin Y, Tian J, Wang X, Yue Z, Pei L, Liu L, Qin L, Jia M, Wang H, Ma Q, Gao WB, Cao LL. The close association of micronutrients with COVID-19. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28629. [PMID: 38590883 PMCID: PMC11000022 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives The present study was conducted to explore the performance of micronutrients in the prediction and prevention of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods This is an observational case-control study. 149 normal controls (NCs) and 214 COVID-19 patients were included in this study. Fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis, and inorganic elements were detected by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analysis. A logistic regression model based on six micronutrients were constructed using DxAI platform. Results Many micronutrients were dysregulated in COVID-19 compared to normal control (NC). 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3], magnesium (Mg), copper (Cu), calcium (Ca) and vitamin B6 (pyridoxic acid, PA) were significantly independent risk factors for COVID-19. The logistic regression model consisted of 25(OH)D3, Mg, Cu, Ca, vitamin B5 (VB5) and PA was developed, and displayed a strong discriminative capability to differentiate COVID-19 patients from NC individuals [area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) = 0.901]. In addition, the model had great predictive ability in discriminating mild/normal COVID-19 patients from NC individuals (AUROC = 0.883). Conclusions Our study showed that micronutrients were associated with COVID-19, and our logistic regression model based on six micronutrients has potential in clinical management of COVID-19, and will be useful for prediction of COVID-19 and screening of high-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, No.11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Yin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, No.11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, China
| | - Jiashu Tian
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, No.11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, China
| | - Xialin Wang
- Beckman Coulter Commercial Enterprise Co. Ltd., No.518 Fuquan North Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihong Yue
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, No.11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Pei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, No.11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, No.11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beihua University Affiliated Hospital, No. 12 Jiefang Middle Road, Jilin, China
| | - Li Qin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, No.11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Jia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, No.11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, No.11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, China
| | - Qingwei Ma
- Bioyong Technologies Inc., Dewei Science Park, No.12 Kechuang 13th Street, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-bo Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, No.11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, China
| | - Lin-Lin Cao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, No.11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, China
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Hoca M, Elmas C, Kabaran S. Do nutritional habits and supplement use affect health-related quality of life during social isolation period in the community of North Cyprus? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024; 34:851-863. [PMID: 36762924 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2023.2177624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The aim of study was to comprehensively investigate the effect of nutritional habits and supplement use on health-related quality of life during social isolation period. This study was a cross-sectional study. A total of 418 participants (73.4% were women and 26.6% were men) participated in this study. Participants' demographic information, nutritional habits, and quality of life were questioned, and anthropometric measurements were obtained. A significant difference was found in the main meal skipping status of individuals by age group. The consumption of milk, yoghurt, ayran, legumes, cereal products other than bread, vegetables, fruits, oilseeds, and snack foods was similar in both periods. Furthermore, frequencies of multivitamins, multiminerals, vitamin B12, vitamin C, vitamin D, iron, calcium, omega-3, and probiotics were similar during and before the pandemic. A significant difference was found in scores obtained on the Quality of Life Scale (QOLS) by age group. There was a significant difference in the quality of life scores by body mass index (BMI) groups. It was concluded that quality of life decreased due to the increase in body weight during pandemic period. The social isolation period did not make a clear difference in the nutritional habits of individuals and the use of nutritional supplements. When the main meal skipping situations were evaluated within the scope of nutritional habits, those who did not skip their main meal received the highest score on the QOLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Hoca
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Near East University, Nicosia, Turkey
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Kyrenia, Kyrenia, Turkey
| | - Cemre Elmas
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cyprus International University, Nicosia, Turkey
| | - Seray Kabaran
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, Turkey
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Aiges M, Ramana KV. Significance of Vitamin Supplementation in Reducing the Severity of COVID-19. Mini Rev Med Chem 2024; 24:254-264. [PMID: 36967461 DOI: 10.2174/1389557523666230324081713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), a serious pandemic due to the SARS-CoV-2 virus infection, caused significant lockdowns, healthcare shortages, and deaths worldwide. The infection leads to an uncontrolled systemic inflammatory response causing severe respiratory distress and multiple-organ failure. Quick development of several vaccines efficiently controlled the spread of COVID-19. However, the rise of various new subvariants of COVID-19 demonstrated some concerns over the efficacy of existing vaccines. Currently, better vaccines to control these variants are still under development as several new subvariants of COVID-19, such as omicron BA-4, BA-5, and BF-7 are still impacting the world. Few antiviral treatments have been shown to control COVID-19 symptoms. Further, control of COVID-19 symptoms has been explored with many natural and synthetic adjuvant compounds in hopes of treating the deadly and contagious disease. Vitamins have been shown to modulate the immune system, function as antioxidants, and reduce the inflammatory response. Recent studies have investigated the potential role of vitamins, specifically vitamins A, B, C, D, and E, in reducing the immune and inflammatory responses and severity of the complication. In this brief article, we discussed our current understanding of the role of vitamins in controlling COVID-19 symptoms and their potential use as adjuvant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myia Aiges
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Noorda College of Osteopathic Medicine, Provo, UT-84606, USA
| | - Kota V Ramana
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Noorda College of Osteopathic Medicine, Provo, UT-84606, USA
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Zargarzadeh AH, Abdi Z, Mousavi S. Evaluation of outpatient prescription patterns of COVID-19 drugs in Iran: comparison of real practice with local therapeutic recommendations. J Pharm Policy Pract 2023; 16:157. [PMID: 38012696 PMCID: PMC10680231 DOI: 10.1186/s40545-023-00672-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A comprehensive guideline named "Diagnostic Therapeutic Flow Chart for Covid-19″ (DTFC) was released by the Scientific Committee of Covid-19 of Iran's Ministry of Health and Medical Education and regularly was updated. The aim of this study was to compare the prescription pattern of drug treatment in outpatient Covid-19 patients with the DTFC. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on the prescription pattern of drugs given to outpatients with a diagnosis of Covid-19, in Isfahan City from June to September 2021 (concurrent with the fifth peak of Covid-19 in Iran) taking into account the recommendations of the 9th version of DTFC (December 2020). A total of 8250 prescriptions were retrieved from the Public Health Department of Isfahan City. RESULTS Famotidine 20, 40 mg tablets (N = 936 patients) was the most prescribed drug followed by dexamethasone ampule (N = 588), prednisolone 5, 50 mg tablets (N = 478), azithromycin 250, 500 mg capsules (N = 452), diphenhydramine syrup (N = 362), vitamin D3 soft gel 50,000 Iu (N = 526), naproxen 250, 500 mg tablets (N = 266) and favipiravir 200 mg tablet (N = 191). The following drugs were administered against the recommendation of the DTFC-9: azithromycin, favipiravir, remdesivir, cetirizine, corticosteroids, vitamin C, vitamin B12, multivitamins, proton pump inhibitors (e.g., omperazole, anticoagulants (rivaroxaban,….), aspirin and ivermectin. Administration of analgesics, famotidine, hydroxychloroquine, vitamin D3, diphenhydramine and statins were in concordance with the DTFC-9. CONCLUSION In this study, we showed frequent use of drugs with unproven efficacy in outpatient cases of Covid-19 mostly attributed to corticosteroids and antibiotics use. Our research highlights the discrepancy between recommendations for care and clinical practice and the need for strategy to bridge gaps in evidence-based informed decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir H Zargarzadeh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezar Jerib Avenue, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zoha Abdi
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sarah Mousavi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezar Jerib Avenue, Isfahan, Iran.
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Park D, Kwak SG, Kim S, Chang MC. Content Analysis of YouTube Videos on the Effect of Vitamin C on Common Cold. Korean J Fam Med 2023; 44:342-346. [PMID: 37848367 PMCID: PMC10667075 DOI: 10.4082/kjfm.23.0093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the growth of the Internet, social media platforms have emerged as major sources of medical information. We assessed the reliability, quality, and accuracy of the most-viewed YouTube videos containing information on the effect of vitamin C on the common cold. METHODS The YouTube videos were searched on August 1, 2022, using the keywords: ("ascorbic acid" OR "vitamin C" OR "Sodium Ascorbate" OR "L-ascorbic") AND "common cold". The 30 most-viewed videos were included in our study. The reliability and quality of the videos were analyzed using modified DISCERN and Global Quality Scales, respectively. When the videos included at least one correct or inaccurate scientific statement about the effect of vitamin C on the common cold, they were classified as accurate or misleading videos, respectively; those without any pertinent information were considered neither accurate nor misleading. If a video contained both accurate and inaccurate statements, it was classified as misleading. RESULTS Of the 30 most-viewed videos, 73% were unreliable, and 67% contained misleading information and were of a poor quality. Of these 30 videos, 14 videos were produced and posted by customers who were not specialized in medicine or nutrition. Moreover, these videos were of significantly lower reliability, quality, and accuracy than those produced by nutrition or fitness channels or by medical or nutrition professionals. CONCLUSION The reliability, quality, and accuracy of videos uploaded by non-professionals were low. Therefore, video creators should upload reliable, high-quality videos to ensure the dissemination of accurate medical information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghwi Park
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sang Gyu Kwak
- Department of Medical Statistics, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Saeyoon Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu, Korea
| | - Min Cheol Chang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu, Korea
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Mehta N, Pokharna P, Shetty SR. Unwinding the potentials of vitamin C in COVID-19 and other diseases: An updated review. Nutr Health 2023; 29:415-433. [PMID: 36445072 PMCID: PMC9713540 DOI: 10.1177/02601060221139628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Background: The discovery of vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is related to the ancient history of persistent research on the origins of the haemorrhagic disease scurvy. Vitamin C is an important nutrient that aids in a variety of biological and physiological processes. Scientists have been researching the function of vitamin C in the prevention and ailment of sepsis and pneumonia for decades. This has created a potential platform for applying these results to individuals suffering from severe coronavirus infection (COVID-19). Vitamin C's ability to activate and enhance the immune system makes it a promising treatment in the present COVID-19 pandemic. Vitamin C also aids in the activation of vitamin B, the production of certain neurotransmitters, and the transformation of cholesterol into bile acids. Hence, vitamin C is used for the treatment of many diseases. Aim: This review highlights the Vitamin C investigations that are performed by various researchers on patients with COVID 19 infection, the clinical studies and their observations. The authors have additionally updated information on the significance of vitamin C insufficiency, as well as its relevance and involvement in diseases such as cancer, wound healing, iron deficiency anaemia, atherosclerosis and neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we discuss them with the references. Methods: The method used in order to perform literature search was done using SciFinder, PubMed and ScienceDirect. Results: There is a potential role of vitamin C in various diseases including neurodegenerative disorders, COVID-19 and other diseases and the results are highlighted in the review with the help of clinical and preclinical data. Conclusion: More research on vitamin C and the undergoing clinical trials might prove a potential role of vitamin C in protecting the population from current COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Mehta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKMs NMIMS. Mumbai, India
| | - Purvi Pokharna
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKMs NMIMS. Mumbai, India
| | - Saritha R Shetty
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKMs NMIMS. Mumbai, India
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El-Sayed HM, Abdellatef HE, Hendawy HAM, El-Abassy OM, Ibrahim H. A highly sensitive and green electroanalytical method for the determination of favipiravir in pharmaceutical and biological fluids. BMC Chem 2023; 17:109. [PMID: 37653428 PMCID: PMC10472665 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-023-01023-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Favipiravir is currently used for the treatment of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). OBJECTIVE A highly sensitive and eco-friendly electroanalytical method was developed to quantify favipiravir. METHOD The voltammetric method optimized a sensor composed of reduced graphene oxide / modified carbon paste electrode in the presence of an anionic surfactant, improving the favipiravir detection limit. The investigation reveals that favipiravir-oxidation is a diffusion-controlled irreversible process. The effects of various pH and scan rates on oxidation anodic peak current were investigated. RESULTS The developed method offers a wide linear dynamic range of 1.5-420 ng/mL alongside a higher sensitivity with a limit of detection in the nanogram range (0.44 ng/mL) and a limit of quantification in the low nanogram range (1.34 ng/mL). CONCLUSION The proposed method was applied for the determination of favipiravir in the dosage form, human plasma and urine samples. The developed method exhibited good selectivity in the presence of two potential electroactive biological interferants, uric acid which increases during favipiravir therapy and the recommended co-administered vitamin C. The organic solvent-free method greenness was evaluated via the Green Analytical Procedure Index, The present work offers a simple, sensitive and environment-friendly method fulfilling green chemistry concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba M El-Sayed
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Hisham Ezzat Abdellatef
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | | | - Omar M El-Abassy
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr, 11829, Egypt.
| | - Hany Ibrahim
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr, 11829, Egypt
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Inoue G, Ohtaki Y, Satoh K, Odanaka Y, Katoh A, Suzuki K, Tomita Y, Eiraku M, Kikuchi K, Harano K, Yagi M, Uchida N, Dohi K. Sedation Therapy in Intensive Care Units: Harnessing the Power of Antioxidants to Combat Oxidative Stress. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2129. [PMID: 37626626 PMCID: PMC10452444 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In critically ill patients requiring intensive care, increased oxidative stress plays an important role in pathogenesis. Sedatives are widely used for sedation in many of these patients. Some sedatives are known antioxidants. However, no studies have evaluated the direct scavenging activity of various sedative agents on different free radicals. This study aimed to determine whether common sedatives (propofol, thiopental, and dexmedetomidine (DEX)) have direct free radical scavenging activity against various free radicals using in vitro electron spin resonance. Superoxide, hydroxyl radical, singlet oxygen, and nitric oxide (NO) direct scavenging activities were measured. All sedatives scavenged different types of free radicals. DEX, a new sedative, also scavenged hydroxyl radicals. Thiopental scavenged all types of free radicals, including NO, whereas propofol did not scavenge superoxide radicals. In this retrospective analysis, we observed changes in oxidative antioxidant markers following the administration of thiopental in patients with severe head trauma. We identified the direct radical-scavenging activity of various sedatives used in clinical settings. Furthermore, we reported a representative case of traumatic brain injury wherein thiopental administration dramatically affected oxidative-stress-related biomarkers. This study suggests that, in the future, sedatives containing thiopental may be redeveloped as an antioxidant therapy through further clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen Inoue
- Department of Emergency, Disaster and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan; (G.I.)
| | - Yuhei Ohtaki
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, The Jikei University, 3-25-8 Nishishinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Kazue Satoh
- Department of Emergency, Disaster and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan; (G.I.)
| | - Yuki Odanaka
- Center for Instrumental Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Akihito Katoh
- Department of Emergency, Disaster and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan; (G.I.)
| | - Keisuke Suzuki
- Department of Emergency, Disaster and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan; (G.I.)
| | - Yoshitake Tomita
- Department of Emergency, Disaster and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan; (G.I.)
| | - Manabu Eiraku
- Department of Emergency, Disaster and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan; (G.I.)
| | - Kazuki Kikuchi
- Department of Emergency, Disaster and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan; (G.I.)
| | - Kouhei Harano
- Department of Emergency, Disaster and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan; (G.I.)
| | - Masaharu Yagi
- Department of Emergency, Disaster and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan; (G.I.)
| | - Naoki Uchida
- Clinical Research Institute for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Showa University Karasuyama Hospital, 6-11-11 Kitakarasuyama, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8577, Japan
| | - Kenji Dohi
- Department of Emergency, Disaster and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan; (G.I.)
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, The Jikei University, 3-25-8 Nishishinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
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10
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Gouvarchinghaleh HE, Kiany F, Parastouei K, Alishiri G, Jafari NJ, Fooladi AAI, Pargar A, Ghazvini A, Mirnejad R, Raei M, Olounabadi AS, Babaei M, Heydari S, Rostami H, Shahriary A, Farnoosh G, Sobhani V, Mazhari MM, NajjarAsiabani F. The effects of functional foods mixture on inflammatory cytokines and biochemical findings in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a randomized double-blind controlled trial. Trials 2023; 24:442. [PMID: 37408032 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07481-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been shown to affect nutritional recommendations. Some functional foods have been demonstrated to be useful in the treatment of people with COVID-19. However, little is known about the impact of combining functional foods on disease control. This study aimed to investigate the effects of functional foods mixture on serum levels of inflammatory cytokines and biochemical findings in patients with COVID-19. METHODS A randomized double-blind controlled trial was conducted in Baqiyatallah Al-Azam hospital in Tehran, Iran. Sixty patients were randomly assigned to receive either a soup containing functional foods (n = 30) or a usual soup (control group) (n = 30). Participants' sociodemographic information was gathered using a general questionnaire. Blood levels of inflammatory markers and biochemical findings were assessed using standard protocols. RESULTS The results showed that soup containing functional foods was more effective in controlling serum levels of D-dimer, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine than the control group (P < 0.05). Also, more significant improvement was found in the intervention group vs control group in terms of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-17, IL-10, and tumor necrose factor-α (P < 0.05). In contrast, the control intervention more efficiently controlled potassium levels and reduced quantitative C-reactive protein than the intervention group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study indicates a soup containing functional foods could alleviate biomarkers of inflammation in patients with COVID-19. However, its effectiveness on biochemical findings remained inconclusive which warranted further research. TRIAL REGISTRATION IRCT, IRCT20180201038585N11. Registered 23 August 2021, https://www.irct.ir/trial/57338.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fateme Kiany
- Department of Nutrition, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Karim Parastouei
- Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Gholamhosein Alishiri
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nematollah Jonaidi Jafari
- Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Ali Imani Fooladi
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Pargar
- Trauma Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Ghazvini
- Trauma Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Mirnejad
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Raei
- Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mansour Babaei
- Health Management Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soleyman Heydari
- Trauma Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hosein Rostami
- Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Shahriary
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Farnoosh
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Sobhani
- Exercise Physiology Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Mazhari
- Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshad NajjarAsiabani
- Applied Virology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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11
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Moon Y. Gut distress and intervention via communications of SARS-CoV-2 with mucosal exposome. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1098774. [PMID: 37139365 PMCID: PMC10150023 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1098774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been associated with prevalent gastrointestinal distress, characterized by fecal shedding of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA or persistent antigen presence in the gut. Using a meta-analysis, the present review addressed gastrointestinal symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. Despite limited data on the gut-lung axis, viral transmission to the gut and its influence on gut mucosa and microbial community were found to be associated by means of various biochemical mechanisms. Notably, the prolonged presence of viral antigens and disrupted mucosal immunity may increase gut microbial and inflammatory risks, leading to acute pathological outcomes or post-acute COVID-19 symptoms. Patients with COVID-19 exhibit lower bacterial diversity and a higher relative abundance of opportunistic pathogens in their gut microbiota than healthy controls. Considering the dysbiotic changes during infection, remodeling or supplementation with beneficial microbial communities may counteract adverse outcomes in the gut and other organs in patients with COVID-19. Moreover, nutritional status, such as vitamin D deficiency, has been associated with disease severity in patients with COVID-19 via the regulation of the gut microbial community and host immunity. The nutritional and microbiological interventions improve the gut exposome including the host immunity, gut microbiota, and nutritional status, contributing to defense against acute or post-acute COVID-19 in the gut-lung axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuseok Moon
- Laboratory of Mucosal Exposome and Biomodulation, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Graduate Program of Genomic Data Sciences, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si, Republic of Korea
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12
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The use of herbal and dietary supplements for COVID-19 prevention: a survey among the public in a Malaysian suburban town. J Herb Med 2023; 39:100650. [PMID: 36998482 PMCID: PMC10032060 DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2023.100650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The spread of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) may lead people to seek preventative measures. The use of herbal and dietary supplements (HDS) may have become prevalent during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to identify the prevalence, predictors, and patterns of HDS use for COVID-19 prevention in a sample of the general public in a suburban town in Malaysia. Methods An online cross-sectional survey was conducted between May and June 2021 involving adults ≥ 18 years old. Data on the self-reported use of HDS for COVID-19 prevention were collected. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the predictors of HDS use. Results Overall, 41.9% (168/401) reported using HDS to prevent COVID-19. Multivariate analysis showed that HDS users were more likely to be individuals ≥ 40 years old (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.774, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.016 – 3.098), and to have had a history of HDS use prior to the pandemic (aOR = 19.378, 95% CI = 5.901 – 63.639). Most HDS users referred to social media or websites (66.7%, 112/168) for HDS information. Approximately half of them had consulted either pharmacists or doctors about their HDS use. Conclusion HDS use to prevent COVID-19 was common among the respondents. Several issues - such as the concurrent use of HDS with conventional medications, the use of unreliable sources of information, and the lack of consultation with healthcare providers (HCPs) - indicate that HCPs should be more proactive in their consultative and information-providing roles regarding HDS use.
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13
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Karakuş S, Özbaş F, Baytemir G, Taşaltın N. Cubic-shaped corylus colurna extract coated Cu 2O nanoparticles-based smartphone biosensor for the detection of ascorbic acid in real food samples. Food Chem 2023; 417:135918. [PMID: 36940511 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Ascorbic acid (AA) is a highly water-soluble organic chemical compound and plays a significant role in human metabolism. For the purpose of food quality monitoring, this study focuses on the development of a smartphone-integrated colorimetric and non-enzymatic electrochemical Corylus Colurna (CC) extract-Cu2O nanoparticles (Cu2O NPs) biosensor to detect AA in real food samples. The characterization of the CC-Cu2O NPs was determined using SEM, SEM/EDX, HRTEM, XRD, FTIR, XPS, TGA, and DSC. The CC-Cu2O NPs are cubic in shape with an approximate size of 10 nm. According to electrochemical results, the oxidation of AA at the modified electrode exhibited a LOD of 27.92 nmolL-1 in a wide concentration range of 0.55-22 mmolL-1. The fabricated digital CC-Cu2O NPs sensor successfully detected AA in food samples. This strategy provides a nanoplatform to determine the detection of AA in food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selcan Karakuş
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Avcılar, Istanbul 34320, Turkey.
| | - Fatih Özbaş
- Fatih Sultan Mehmet Vakif University, Research Center for the Conservation of Cultural Property of Foundation, 34083 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gülsen Baytemir
- Maltepe University, Department of Electrical and Electronics Eng., 34857 Istanbul, Turkey; Maltepe University, Dept. of Renewable Energy Tech. and Management, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nevin Taşaltın
- Maltepe University, Dept. of Renewable Energy Tech. and Management, Istanbul, Turkey; Maltepe University, Department of Basic Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey; Maltepe University Environment and Energy Technologies Research Center, Istanbul, Turkey; CONSENS Inc., Maltepe University Research Center, Technopark Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey
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14
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Mohammadi AH, Behjati M, Karami M, Abari AH, Sobhani-Nasab A, Rourani HA, Hazrati E, Mirghazanfari SM, Hadi V, Hadi S, Milajerdi A. An overview on role of nutrition on COVID-19 immunity: Accumulative review from available studies. CLINICAL NUTRITION OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 47:6-43. [PMID: 36540357 PMCID: PMC9754583 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutos.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) conveys a serious global threat to health and economy. A common predisposing factor for development to serious progressive disease is presence of a low-grade inflammation, e.g., as seen in diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and heart failure. Micronutrient deficiencies may also contribute to the development of this state. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to explore the role of the nutrition to relieve progression of COVID-19. According PRISMA protocol, we conducted an online databases search including Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar and web of science for published literatures in the era of COVID-19 Outbreak regarding to the status of nutrition and COVID-19 until December 2021. There were available studies (80 studies) providing direct evidence regarding the associations between the status of nutrition and COVID-19 infection. Adequate nutritional supply is essential for resistance against other viral infections and also for improvement of immune function and reduction of inflammation. Hence, it is suggested that nutritional intervention which secures an adequate status might protect against the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome - coronavirus-2) and mitigate its course. We also recommend initiation of adequate nutritional supplementation in high-risk areas and/or soon after the time of suspected infection with SARS-CoV-2. Subjects in high-risk groups should have high priority for applying this nutritive adjuvant therapy that should be started prior to administration of specific and supportive medical measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hossein Mohammadi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohaddeseh Behjati
- Cellular, Molecular and Genetics Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Karami
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afrouzossadat Hosseini Abari
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology & Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Sobhani-Nasab
- Social Determinants of Health (SDH) Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Core Research Lab, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hamed Amini Rourani
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology & Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Hazrati
- Trauma Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sayid Mahdi Mirghazanfari
- Department of Physiology and Iranian Medicine, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Vahid Hadi
- Department of Health, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Hadi
- Department of Health, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Milajerdi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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15
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Abir MH, Rahat MAH, Etu SN, Hussain T, Chakraborty A, Alam M, Litzow E, Hassan MM. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding immunity boosting dietary behavior of mass population amid COVID-19. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 3:e0001872. [PMID: 37134071 PMCID: PMC10156064 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
During the increasing spread of COVID-19 occurrences in Chattogram Metropolitan Area (CMA) of Bangladesh, a series of measures were taken to control the transmission. These measures greatly influenced the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of the population on their dietary behavior. However, there are no current studies demonstrating the KAP of the CMA citizens regarding their dietary habit that can boost the immunity. In this study, we appraised KAP in regard to immunity boosting dietary behavior from April 26, 2021 to November 17, 2021 during implementation of lockdown measures by the government of Bangladesh. Apart from the basic knowledge and attitudes toward immunity boosting dietary behavior, we have also aimed to assess the practices of the population by whether the nutrients, especially vitamin A, B6, B9, B12, C, D, E, and trace minerals such as zinc, selenium, and iron were included in their diet and in what frequency. This study is a cross-sectional study, and the participants were recruited using both online platforms during the lockdown and through in-person interviews after the withdrawal of lockdown. After obtaining the proper consent from the participants, their sociodemographic variables, and KAP towards immunity boosting dietary behavior were assessed. Total 400 participants were included in this study and a non-probability sampling technique named purposive sampling has been followed for participants recruitment. Among the 400 participants, the majority of them (64.3%) were male, most of them (62.7%) were students, unmarried (69.5%), aged between 18-35 years (82.5%), had a bachelor's degree (50.0%), and had a monthly family income between 10000-30000 BDT (35.5%). This study indicated that 82.8% of the populations had the correct knowledge, 71.3% had favorable attitudes, and 44% had good practices regarding immunity boosting diet during COVID-19. The majority (79.3%) of the participants had an idea about nutrition, most of them (78.5%) knew the nutrients needed to strengthen their immune system, almost all (98.5%) washed fruits and vegetables purchased from the market before eating them, 78% did not often purchase food online, and 53% often ate junk food. In a binary logistic regression, correct knowledge was significantly associated with the females, having HSC or bachelor's degree, being in the occupation of business, laborer or others, and having a monthly family income between 50000-100000 or >100000. The favorable attitudes were significantly associated with having a master's degree or above, and for government job holders. However, the good practices did not show any significant association with the sociodemographic factors in binary logistic regression. Moreover, the study found the presence of bad or unhealthy practices among the populations despite having correct knowledge and favorable attitudes. Thus, this study could identify the variables, such as gender differences, education, monthly family income, and occupation on which emphasis should be given during public health campaigns or training programs to improve the KAP regarding immunity boosting diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehedy Hasan Abir
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Mahdi Al Hasan Rahat
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Silvia Naznin Etu
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Tahmid Hussain
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Anik Chakraborty
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Mahabub Alam
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Emily Litzow
- Queensland Alliance for One Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, Bangladesh
- Queensland Alliance for One Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia
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16
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Labbani-Motlagh Z, Amini S, Aliannejad R, Sadeghi A, Shafiee G, Heshmat R, Jafary M, Talaschian M, Akhtari M, Jamshidi A, Mahmoudi M, Sadeghi K. High-dose Intravenous Vitamin C in Early Stages of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection: A Double-blind, Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial. J Res Pharm Pract 2022; 11:64-72. [PMID: 36798102 PMCID: PMC9926917 DOI: 10.4103/jrpp.jrpp_30_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Based on previous studies in the sepsis population, Vitamin C could prevent injuries when administered in high doses and before the damage is established. This study aimed to evaluate the protective potentials of high-dose Vitamin C in the progression of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods A double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted. Patients with moderate-to-severe disease severity based on the World Health Organization definition were enrolled and received 12 g/d Vitamin C (high-dose intravenous Vitamin C [HDIVC]) or placebo for 4 days. Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score as a primary outcome, National Early Warning Score, Ordinal Scale of Clinical Improvement, and cytokine storm biomarkers were recorded on days 0, 3, and 5. Survival was also assessed on day 28 after enrollment. Findings Seventy-four patients (37 patients in each group) were enrolled from April 5, 2020, to November 19, 2020, and all patients completed follow-up. A lower increase in SOFA score during the first 3 days of treatment (+0.026 vs. +0.204) and a higher decrease in this parameter in the last 2 days (-0.462 vs. -0.036) were observed in the treatment group. However, these differences did not reach a significance level (P = 0.57 and 0.12, respectively). Other indices of clinical and biological improvement, length of hospitalization, and intensive care unit admission days were the same between the two groups. Treatment did not affect the 28-day mortality. Conclusion Among patients with moderate-to-severe disease of COVID-19, the use of HDIVC plus standard care resulted in no significant difference in SOFA score or 28-day mortality compared to the standard care alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohre Labbani-Motlagh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahideh Amini
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rasoul Aliannejad
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran,Advanced Thoracic Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anahita Sadeghi
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gita Shafiee
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Heshmat
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohamadreza Jafary
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Talaschian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Akhtari
- Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Inflammation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmadreza Jamshidi
- Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Mahmoudi
- Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Inflammation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kourosh Sadeghi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Address for correspondence: Dr. Kourosh Sadeghi, E-mail:
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17
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Association of Vitamin C Treatment with Clinical Outcomes for COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10122456. [PMID: 36553979 PMCID: PMC9777834 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10122456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Vitamin C is an essential nutrient that serves as an antioxidant and is known to reduce the inflammatory response associated with pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome in patients with the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), but its clinical effects remain controversial. Methods: This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of vitamin C administration on the clinical outcomes of COVID-19 patients through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Results: Nineteen studies were selected, of which 949 participants administered vitamin C were in the intervention group, and 1816 participants were in the control group. All-cause mortality, hospitalization duration, length of intensive care unit stay, and ventilation incidence in COVID-19 patients were analyzed. The intervention group tends to have a lower risk ratio (RR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.62 to 1.07; I2 = 58%; Q = 40.95; p < 0.01) in all-cause mortality than the control group. However, there were no significant differences in ventilation incidence, hospitalization duration, and length of ICU stay between the two groups. In the subgroup analysis for all-cause mortality, the risk ratio for RCT as study design, combination therapy, of vitamin C was lower than that of the combination therapy with other agents. A moderate dosage showed a lower RR than a higher dose. Conclusion: The results suggest that vitamin C may lower mortality in COVID-19 patients, but further large-scale studies are required to assess the role of vitamin C in the treatment of COVID-19.
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18
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Sharif N, Opu RR, Khan A, Alzahrani KJ, Banjer HJ, Alzahrani FM, Haque N, Khan S, Soumik ST, Zhang M, Huang H, Song X, Parvez AK, Dey SK. Impact of Zinc, Vitamins C and D on Disease Prognosis among Patients with COVID-19 in Bangladesh: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235029. [PMID: 36501059 PMCID: PMC9737649 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin C, (ascorbic acid), vitamin D (cholecalciferol) and zinc (zinc sulfate monohydrate) supplements are important in immunity against coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). However, a limited number of studies have been conducted on the association of vitamins and supplements with the reduced risks of COVID-19 infection. This study aims to evaluate the association of vitamins and supplements as treatment options to reduce the severity of COVID-19. Data were collected from 962 participants from 13 December 2020 to 4 February 2021. The presence of COVID-19 was confirmed by qRT-PCR. The Chi-square test and multivariate regression analyses were conducted. The ratio of uptake of vitamin C:vitamin D:zinc was 1:1:0.95. Uptake of vitamin C, vitamin D and zinc were significantly associated with the reduced risk of infection and severity of COVID-19 (OR: 0.006 (95% CI: 0.03-0.11) (p = 0.004)) and (OR: 0.03 (95% CI: 0.01-0.22) (p = 0.005)). The tendency of taking supplements was associated with the presence of infection of COVID-19 (p = 0.001), age (p = 0.02), sex (p = 0.05) and residence (p = 0.04). The duration of supplementation and medication was significantly associated with reduced hospitalization (p = 0.0001). Vitamins C, D and zinc were not significantly (p = 0.9) associated with a reduced risk of severity when taken through the diet. Hospitalization (p = 0.000001) and access to health facilities (p = 0.0097) were significantly associated with the survival period of the participants. Participants with better access to health facilities recovered early (OR: 6.21, 95% CI 1.56-24.7). This study will add knowledge in the field of treatment of COVID-19 by using vitamins and zinc supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadim Sharif
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Rubayet Rayhan Opu
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Afsana Khan
- Department of Statistics, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Khalid J. Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamsa Jameel Banjer
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fuad M. Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nusaira Haque
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Shahriar Khan
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | | | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Hanwen Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Xiao Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | | | - Shuvra Kanti Dey
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +880-1759588088
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19
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Komal, Kumar J, Sen A. The Role of Vitamin C: From Prevention of Pneumonia to Treatment of Covid-19. MATERIALS TODAY. PROCEEDINGS 2022:S2214-7853(22)07064-X. [PMID: 36415746 PMCID: PMC9671798 DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2022.11.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Vitamins are the main components of our diet. In our nutrition 14 vitamins are present namely A, B1 (Thiamine), B6(Pyridoxine), B12(Cyanocobalamin), C, D, E, K, niacin, folacin, choline, pantothenic acid and biotin. The main role of it is in treating common diseases like cold. Vitamin C's role in treating pneumonia or Sepsis /Septicemia has been underway for many decades. A great benefit in decreasing the duration of cold is by injecting heavy dose of ascorbic acid. So, at high dose/ risk of injection like it may be obese, diabetes, and the elderly. Vitamin C always acts as an antioxidant that can help to prevent our cells from getting any harm. Recently injection of vitamin C was used in treatment of Covid-19 patients. In this review we have primarily discussed its effects on the immune system and the treatment of pneumonia disorders using vitamin C. At the beginning we have discussed the bio-avalibility of vitamin-C followed by the synthesis of it by plants and animals and then the dietary allowance to be followed for vitamin C regularly. The level of vitamin C is very low in people having pneumonia and those with low immunity are being effected by COVID-19 virus. Kiwi is the main source of vitamin C. Preliminary observational studies show that critically sick individuals use vitamin C for the prevention of the pneumonia to the treatment of the virus COVID-19 by increasing the vitamin C levels in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal
- Department of Chemistry, University Institute of Sciences (UIS), Chandigarh University, Gharuan-140413, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Jagdeep Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University Institute of Sciences (UIS), Chandigarh University, Gharuan-140413, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Adrish Sen
- Department of Chemistry, University Institute of Sciences (UIS), Chandigarh University, Gharuan-140413, Mohali, Punjab, India
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20
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Kumar J, Sen A. The Role of Vitamin C: From Prevention of Pneumonia to Treatment of Covid-19. MATERIALS TODAY. PROCEEDINGS 2022; 78:849-857. [PMID: 36415746 DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2022.11.502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Vitamins are the main components of our diet. In our nutrition 14 vitamins are present namely A, B1 (Thiamine), B6(Pyridoxine), B12(Cyanocobalamin), C, D, E, K, niacin, folacin, choline, pantothenic acid and biotin. The main role of it is in treating common diseases like cold. Vitamin C's role in treating pneumonia or Sepsis /Septicemia has been underway for many decades. A great benefit in decreasing the duration of cold is by injecting heavy dose of ascorbic acid. So, at high dose/ risk of injection like it may be obese, diabetes, and the elderly. Vitamin C always acts as an antioxidant that can help to prevent our cells from getting any harm. Recently injection of vitamin C was used in treatment of Covid-19 patients. In this review we have primarily discussed its effects on the immune system and the treatment of pneumonia disorders using vitamin C. At the beginning we have discussed the bio-avalibility of vitamin-C followed by the synthesis of it by plants and animals and then the dietary allowance to be followed for vitamin C regularly. The level of vitamin C is very low in people having pneumonia and those with low immunity are being effected by COVID-19 virus. Kiwi is the main source of vitamin C. Preliminary observational studies show that critically sick individuals use vitamin C for the prevention of the pneumonia to the treatment of the virus COVID-19 by increasing the vitamin C levels in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagdeep Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University Institute of Sciences (UIS), Chandigarh University, Gharuan-140413, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Adrish Sen
- Department of Chemistry, University Institute of Sciences (UIS), Chandigarh University, Gharuan-140413, Mohali, Punjab, India
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21
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Calder PC, Ortega EF, Meydani SN, Adkins Y, Stephensen CB, Thompson B, Zwickey H. Nutrition, Immunosenescence, and Infectious Disease: An Overview of the Scientific Evidence on Micronutrients and on Modulation of the Gut Microbiota. Adv Nutr 2022; 13:S1-S26. [PMID: 36183242 PMCID: PMC9526826 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmac052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system is key to host defense against pathogenic organisms. Aging is associated with changes in the immune system, with a decline in protective components (immunosenescence), increasing susceptibility to infectious disease, and a chronic elevation in low-grade inflammation (inflammaging), increasing the risk of multiple noncommunicable diseases. Nutrition is a determinant of immune cell function and of the gut microbiota. In turn, the gut microbiota shapes and controls the immune and inflammatory responses. Many older people show changes in the gut microbiota. Age-related changes in immune competence, low-grade inflammation, and gut dysbiosis may be interlinked and may relate, at least in part, to age-related changes in nutrition. A number of micronutrients (vitamins C, D, and E and zinc and selenium) play roles in supporting the function of many immune cell types. Some trials report that providing these micronutrients as individual supplements can reverse immune deficits in older people and/or in those with insufficient intakes. There is inconsistent evidence that this will reduce the risk or severity of infections including respiratory infections. Probiotic, prebiotic, or synbiotic strategies that modulate the gut microbiota, especially by promoting the colonization of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, have been demonstrated to modulate some immune and inflammatory biomarkers in older people and, in some cases, to reduce the risk and severity of gastrointestinal and respiratory infections, although, again, the evidence is inconsistent. Further research with well-designed and well-powered trials in at-risk older populations is required to be more certain about the role of micronutrients and of strategies that modify the gut microbiota-host relationship in protecting against infection, especially respiratory infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip C Calder
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Edwin Frank Ortega
- Nutritional Immunology Laboratory, Jean Mayer–USDA Human Nutrition Research on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Simin N Meydani
- Nutritional Immunology Laboratory, Jean Mayer–USDA Human Nutrition Research on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yuriko Adkins
- USDA Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, USA
- Nutrition Department, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Charles B Stephensen
- USDA Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, USA
- Nutrition Department, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Brice Thompson
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Heather Zwickey
- Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland, OR, USA
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22
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Lu LW, Gao Y, Quek SY, Foster M, Eason CT, Liu M, Wang M, Chen JH, Chen F. The landscape of potential health benefits of carotenoids as natural supportive therapeutics in protecting against Coronavirus infection. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 154:113625. [PMID: 36058151 PMCID: PMC9428603 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic urges researching possibilities for prevention and management of the effects of the virus. Carotenoids are natural phytochemicals of anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties and may exert potential in aiding in combatting the pandemic. This review presents the direct and indirect evidence of the health benefits of carotenoids and derivatives based on in vitro and in vivo studies, human clinical trials and epidemiological studies and proposes possible mechanisms of action via which carotenoids may have the capacity to protect against COVID-19 effects. The current evidence provides a rationale for considering carotenoids as natural supportive nutrients via antioxidant activities, including scavenging lipid-soluble radicals, reducing hypoxia-associated superoxide by activating antioxidant enzymes, or suppressing enzymes that produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). Carotenoids may regulate COVID-19 induced over-production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, pro-inflammatory enzymes and adhesion molecules by nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAS) and interleukins-6- Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (IL-6-JAK/STAT) pathways and suppress the polarization of pro-inflammatory M1 macrophage. Moreover, carotenoids may modulate the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors γ by acting as agonists to alleviate COVID-19 symptoms. They also may potentially block the cellular receptor of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). These activities may reduce the severity of COVID-19 and flu-like diseases. Thus, carotenoid supplementation may aid in combatting the pandemic, as well as seasonal flu. However, further in vitro, in vivo and in particular long-term clinical trials in COVID-19 patients are needed to evaluate this hypothesis.
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23
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Kurt Y, Özmen Ö. Effects of Vitamin C on the Oral-Nasal Mucosal Damage Caused by Favipiravir in Old and Young Rats. Cureus 2022; 14:e28796. [PMID: 36225521 PMCID: PMC9534223 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.28796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Favipiravir was widely used to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) early in the pandemic. Later, many reports began to be published about the side effects of favipiravir on different tissues. However, the side effects of favipiravir on the oral and nasal mucosa remain unknown. This experimental study aimed to evaluate the pathological effects of favipiravir on the oral-nasal mucosa and investigate whether vitamin C (Vit C) reduces these lesions in old and young rats. Methodology A total of 100 rats were used for this study. The rats were administered favipiravir (20 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg) and Vit C (150 mg/kg/day) for 14 days. At the end of the study, rats were euthanatized, and oral-nasal mucosal histopathological changes were evaluated. Nuclear factor kappa-ligand (RANKL) and caspase-3 expressions were immunohistochemically examined. Results Favipiravir caused severe lesions in old rats compared to young, and the severity of the lesions increased with the dosage. Severe hyperemia and erosive-ulcerative lesions were observed in the oral-nasal mucosa. In addition, increased RANKL and caspase-3 expressions were observed in a dose-dependent manner. In both young and old groups, Vit C treatment showed decreased caspase-3 and RANKL expression; a more prominent decrease was seen in young rats. Conclusions This study showed that favipiravir could cause histopathological lesions in the oral and nasal mucosa. However, the administration of Vit C with favipiravir can provide a protective effect against this damage. The curative effect of Vit C was more pronounced in young rats and at low doses.
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24
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Fath MK, Naderi M, Hamzavi H, Ganji M, Shabani S, Ghahroodi FN, Khalesi B, Pourzardosht N, Hashemi ZS, Khalili S. Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic effects of different vitamins and minerals in COVID-19 patients. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2022; 73:127044. [PMID: 35901669 PMCID: PMC9297660 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.127044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 is a rapidly spreading disease, which has caught the world by surprise. Millions of people suffer from illness, and the mortality rates are dramatically high. Currently, there is no specific and immediate treatment for this disease. Remedies are limited to supportive regiments and few antiviral and anti-inflammatory drugs. The lack of a definite cure for COVID-19 is the reason behind its high mortality and global prevalence. COVID-19 can lead to a critical illness with severe respiratory distress and cytokine release. Increased oxidative stress and excessive production of inflammatory cytokines are vital components of severe COVID-19. Micronutrients, metalloids, and vitamins such as iron, manganese, selenium, Zinc, Copper, vitamin A, B family, and C are among the essential and trace elements that play a pivotal role in human nutrition and health. They participate in metabolic processes that lead to energy production. In addition, they support immune functions and act as antioxidants. Therefore, maintaining an optimal level of micronutrients intake, particularly those with antioxidant activities, is essential to fight against oxidative stress, modulate inflammation, and boost the immune system. Therefore, these factors could play a crucial role in COVID-19 prevention and treatment. In this review, we aimed to summarize antiviral properties of different vitamins and minerals. Moreover, we will investigate the correlation between them and their effects in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Karami Fath
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Malihe Naderi
- Department of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of life Science and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran; Infectious Diseases Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Hosna Hamzavi
- Department of Biology, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Ganji
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Shabani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Noorabad Ghahroodi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahman Khalesi
- Department of Research and Production of Poultry Viral Vaccine, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
| | - Navid Pourzardosht
- Biochemistry Department, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Zahra Sadat Hashemi
- ATMP Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran. Iran.
| | - Saeed Khalili
- Department of Biology Sciences, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran.
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25
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The potential role of ischaemia-reperfusion injury in chronic, relapsing diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, Long COVID, and ME/CFS: evidence, mechanisms, and therapeutic implications. Biochem J 2022; 479:1653-1708. [PMID: 36043493 PMCID: PMC9484810 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20220154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ischaemia–reperfusion (I–R) injury, initiated via bursts of reactive oxygen species produced during the reoxygenation phase following hypoxia, is well known in a variety of acute circumstances. We argue here that I–R injury also underpins elements of the pathology of a variety of chronic, inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, ME/CFS and, our chief focus and most proximally, Long COVID. Ischaemia may be initiated via fibrin amyloid microclot blockage of capillaries, for instance as exercise is started; reperfusion is a necessary corollary when it finishes. We rehearse the mechanistic evidence for these occurrences here, in terms of their manifestation as oxidative stress, hyperinflammation, mast cell activation, the production of marker metabolites and related activities. Such microclot-based phenomena can explain both the breathlessness/fatigue and the post-exertional malaise that may be observed in these conditions, as well as many other observables. The recognition of these processes implies, mechanistically, that therapeutic benefit is potentially to be had from antioxidants, from anti-inflammatories, from iron chelators, and via suitable, safe fibrinolytics, and/or anti-clotting agents. We review the considerable existing evidence that is consistent with this, and with the biochemical mechanisms involved.
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26
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Khasawneh RA, Al‐Shatnawi SF, Alhamad H, Kheirallah KA. Perceptions toward the use of over‐the‐counter dietary supplements during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: A cross sectional study of the general public in Jordan. Health Sci Rep 2022; 5:e716. [PMID: 35844824 PMCID: PMC9273937 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Over‐the‐counter (OTC) dietary supplements gained popularity during the COVID‐19 pandemic as a preventive measure. Lack of complete understanding among the general population of the pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying the severity and progression of infection with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has further encouraged the use of supplements. The present study aimed to assess the perceptions of the general public toward the efficacy and safety of the use of OTC dietary supplements as immune enhancers during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The factors impacting these perceptions were also explored. Methods This was an online survey‐based, cross‐sectional study conducted in Jordan over 4 months. A validated survey which comprised 28 questions covering aspects related to the respondents’ demographic characteristics, their perceptions toward the efficacy of OTC dietary supplements and their awareness regarding the safety of popular OTC supplements and healthy dietary habits was used to collect responses. Associations between patient characteristics with perception and awareness were explored. Results A total of 1487 responses were included in the analysis. Ascorbic acid, zinc, and vitamin D were the most popular OTC supplements, as indicated by the percentages of users (48.8%, 38.6%, and 34.6%, respectively). Perceptions toward OTC supplement use were suboptimal, with a reported mean perception score of 27.82 ± 8.56 (range 0–45). The multivariate analysis showed that participants who were of older age (>65 years) (AOR = 6.29, 95% CI = 2.2–17.9), had an income level >1500 (AOR = 1.84, 95% CI = 1.80–3.56), and used chronic medications had better perceptions than did younger participants, those with no income, and non‐users of chronic medications, respectively. The mean safety awareness score was 5.36 ± 1.58 (maximum 7), with a significant direct relationship identified between perceptions and safety awareness scores (Spearman's correlation = 0.136, p < 0.001). Conclusion This study highlighted the needs to organize educational campaigns that promote general public perceptions toward the safe use of OTC supplements to enhance immunity during COVID‐19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawand A. Khasawneh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy Jordan University of Science and Technology Irbid Jordan
| | - Samah F. Al‐Shatnawi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy Jordan University of Science and Technology Irbid Jordan
| | - Hamza Alhamad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy Zarqa University Zarqa Jordan
| | - Khalid A. Kheirallah
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine Jordan University of Science and Technology Irbid Jordan
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27
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Motawea KR, Kandil OA, Varney J, Aboelenein M, Ibrahim N, Shaheen A, Khairy LT, Bakkour A, Muwaili AHH, Muwaili DHH, Abdelmajid FAA, Ahmad EMS, Albuni MK, Battikh E, Sawaf B, Swed S, Ahmed SMA, Awad DM, Shah J, Aiash H. Association of familial Mediterranean fever and epicardial adipose tissue: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Health Sci Rep 2022; 5:e693. [PMID: 35734339 PMCID: PMC9193962 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Some studies reported a positive link between familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) and epicardial adipose tissue. Our meta‐analysis aimed to evaluate whether there is a significant association between FMF and increased epicardial adipose tissue thickness. Methods We searched the following databases: PUBMED, WOS, OVID, SCOPUS, and EMBASE. Inclusion criteria were any original articles that reported epicardial adipose tissue in FMF patients with no age restriction, excluding reviews, case reports, editorials, animal studies, and non‐English studies. Thirty eligible studies were screened full text but only five studies were suitable. We used RevMan software (5.4) for the meta‐analysis. Results The total number of patients included in the meta‐analysis in the FMF patients group is 256 (mean age = 24.3), and the total number in the control group is 188 (mean age = 24.98). The pooled analysis between FMF patients and controls was [mean difference = 0.82 (95% CI = 0.25–1.39), p‐value = 0.005]. We observed heterogeneity that was not solved by random effects (p > 0.00001). We performed leave one out test by removing the Kozan et al. study, and the heterogeneity was solved (p = 0.07), and the results were (MD = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.52–1.43, p‐value < 0.0001). Conclusion FMF patients are at increased risk of developing epicardial adipose tissue compared to controls. More multicenter studies with higher sample sizes are needed to support our results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joseph Varney
- School of Medicine American University of the Caribbean Cupecoy Sint Maarten
| | | | - Nancy Ibrahim
- Faculty of Medicine Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt
| | - Ahmed Shaheen
- Faculty of Medicine Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt
| | - Lina T. Khairy
- Faculty of Medicine The National Ribat University Al‐Ribat Sudan
| | | | - Ali H. H. Muwaili
- Faculty of Medicine Ivano‐Frankivsk National Medical University Ivano‐Frankivsk Ukraine
| | - Dhuha H. H. Muwaili
- Faculty of Medicine Ivano‐Frankivsk National Medical University Ivano‐Frankivsk Ukraine
| | | | - Eman M. S. Ahmad
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology Nile Valley University Atbra Sudan
| | - Mhd K. Albuni
- Department of Internal Medicine Hamad Medical Corporation Doha Qatar
| | - Elias Battikh
- Department of Internal Medicine Hamad Medical Corporation Doha Qatar
| | - Bisher Sawaf
- Department of Internal Medicine Hamad Medical Corporation Doha Qatar
| | - Sarya Swed
- Faculty of Medicine Aleppo University Aleppo Syria
| | | | - Dina M. Awad
- Faculty of Medicine Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt
| | - Jaffer Shah
- Medical Research Center Kateb University Kabul Afghanistan
| | - Hani Aiash
- Cardiovascular perfusion Department Upstate Medical University Syracuse New York USA
- Family Medicine Department Suez Canal University Ismailia Governorate Egypt
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Bharti V, Kaushal D, Kumar S, Thakur A, Rana DS, Kumar M, Kant S. Molecular interaction studies on the binding ability of hydrated zinc sulphate with aqueous solution of ascorbic acid at different temperatures. Z PHYS CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/zpch-2021-3054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The ternary systems containing Water, Ascorbic acid (AA) and ZnSO4·7H2O were investigated using three approaches namely volumetric studies, viscosity studies and conductance studies. The solvent systems used were 2, 4 and 6% (by weight) of AA in water. The studies were conducted at four temperatures (303.15–318.15 K with an interval of 5 K) and pressure 0.1 MPa with concentration of ZnSO4·7H2O in the solution ranging from 0.01 to 0.12 m. Various parameters like partial molar volume (ϕ
v), apparent molar volume
(
ϕ
v
o
)
$({\phi }_{\text{v}}^{\text{o}})$
, Hepler’s constant
(
(
d
2
ϕ
v
o
/
d
T
2
)
p
)
$({({d}^{2}{\phi }_{\text{v}}^{\text{o}}/d{T}^{2})}_{p})$
, partial molar expansibility
(
ϕ
E
o
)
$({\phi }_{\text{E}}^{\text{o}})$
and transfer volume
(
Δ
t
r
ϕ
v
o
)
$({{\Delta}}_{tr}{\phi }_{\text{v}}^{\text{o}})$
have been evaluated from volumetric studies. The viscosity studies have yielded Jones-Dole parameters (A and B) and free energy of activation per mole for solvent
(
Δ
μ
1
0
‡
)
$({\Delta}{\mu }_{1}^{0{\ddagger}})$
and solute
(
Δ
μ
2
0
‡
)
$({\Delta}{\mu }_{2}^{0{\ddagger}})$
. The conductance data has been used to calculate molar conductance (Λm), limiting molar conductance
(
Λ
m
o
)
$({{\Lambda}}_{\text{m}}^{\text{o}})$
and Walden product
(
Λ
m
o
η
o
)
$({{\Lambda}}_{\text{m}}^{\text{o}}{\eta }_{\text{o}})$
. The results of these studies agree with each other and have concluded the structure breaker behavior of ZnSO4·7H2O in the solvent system containing AA and water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Bharti
- Department of Chemistry , Himachal Pradesh University , Shimla , 171005 , India
- Department of Applied Science and Humanities , Government Hydro Engineering College , Bilaspur , India
| | - Deepika Kaushal
- Department of Chemistry , Sri Sai University , Palampur , 176061 , India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Department of Chemistry , Himachal Pradesh University , Shimla , 171005 , India
| | - Abhishek Thakur
- Department of Chemistry , Himachal Pradesh University , Shimla , 171005 , India
| | - Dilbag Singh Rana
- Department of Environmental Science , Central University of Himachal Pradesh , Dharamshala , Kangra (HP) , India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Sciences , Central University of Himachal Pradesh , Dharamshala , Kangra (HP) , India
| | - Shashi Kant
- Department of Chemistry , Himachal Pradesh University , Shimla , 171005 , India
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29
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Hashemi R, Montazer M, Salehi Z, Azadbakht L. Association of Recent and Long-Term Supplement Intakes With Laboratory Indices in Patients With COVID-19 in Tehran, Iran, During 2020. Front Nutr 2022; 9:834826. [PMID: 35734376 PMCID: PMC9207418 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.834826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although previous studies observed the relationship between individual dietary supplements and enhancing body resistance against viruses, few studies have been conducted regarding the role of different supplements in treatment of COVID-19. This article aims to determine the association of recent and long-term supplement consumption on the biochemical indices and impatient duration among patients with COVID-19. Methods In this cross-sectional study on 300 adult men and women with COVID-19, recent and long-term supplement intakes were investigated by using a questionnaire. In addition, lifestyle was also assessed in aspects of fruits and vegetable consumption, physical activity, sleeping duration, fluid intake, and smoking status. Furthermore, the laboratory and paraclinical parameters were obtained from medical records. The relationship between supplement intake with the length of hospitalization and clinical laboratory tests was investigated by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results Those patients with supplement intake in the last 2 months had a significantly lower amount of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (31.31 ± 13.87 vs. 37.57 ± 19.77 mg/dL, P: 0.002) and higher serum 25(OH)D (28.13 ± 14.09 vs. 23.81 ± 13.55 ng/mL, P: 0.03). Subjects with long-term supplement intake had a significantly lower invasive oxygen support (0.00 vs 5.10 %, P: 0.05), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (498.11 ± 221.43 vs. 576.21 ± 239.84 U/L, P: 0.02), fewer days of fever (0.49 ± 3.54 vs. 2.64 ± 9.21, P: 0.02), and higher serum 25(OH)D (31.03 ± 13.20 vs. 22.29± 13.42 ng/mL, P < 0.001). The length of hospital stay was practically the same between groups who received and did not receive supplementation during the 2 months prior to hospitalization (6.36 ± 3.32 vs. 6.71 ± 4.33 days, P: 0.004). Similarly, people who took supplements during the past year had practically similar hospitalization lengths (6.29 ± 4.13 vs. 6.74 ± 3.55 days, P: 0.004). Conclusion In conclusion, although practically the length of hospital stay was the same in both groups of supplement consumers and others, immune-boosting supplements were associated with improved several laboratory indices. However, due to the cross-sectional nature of our study, further longitudinal studies seem to be essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rezvan Hashemi
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Ziaeian Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Montazer
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Salehi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Azadbakht
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- *Correspondence: Leila Azadbakht
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30
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Vitamin C and its therapeutic potential in the management of COVID19. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022; 50:8-14. [PMID: 35871955 PMCID: PMC9166267 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
COVID19 has emerged as one of the worst pandemics in the history of mankind. Several vaccines have been approved by different government agencies worldwide, but data on their efficacy and safety are limited, and distribution remains a massive challenge. As per WHO, personal immunity is vital for protection against COVID19. Earlier, Vitamin C-mediated pathways have been shown to play critical role in boosting immunity attributed to its antioxidant properties. Recently, the involvement of such pathways in protection against COVID19 has been suggested. The controlled doses of Vitamin C administered through intravenous (IV) injections are being studied for determining its role in the prognosis of COVID19. In this article, we have discussed the potential role of Vitamin C in the management in COVID19 patients and presented recent clinical trials data. Additionally, we have elaborated the possibility of administering Vitamin C through inhalers in order to achieve local high concentration and the challenges of such approach.
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Ahmad SR. Vitamin C for COVID-19 Treatment: Have We Got Enough Evidence? Front Nutr 2022; 9:892561. [PMID: 35662927 PMCID: PMC9161352 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.892561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Lektemur Alpan A, Torumtay Cin G, Özmen Ö, Doğan MF, Şahin Y. Evaluation of the Effects of Favipiravir Combined with Vitamin C on Alveolar Bone in Rats. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2022; 58:430-440. [PMID: 35599639 PMCID: PMC9109666 DOI: 10.1134/s0022093022020119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Favipiravir
and Vitamin C (Vit C) were used together in the treatment of the COVID-19
pandemic. However, the effects of favipiravir on the periodontium
are still unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate
the effects of Favipiravir and Vit C treatment on alveolar bone
metabolism. Experimental: Fifty
healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (2–3 months old) were randomly
divided into five equal groups (n =
10): Control, Favi 20, Favi 100, Favi 20+Vit C, Favi 100+Vit C.
Favipiravir (20 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg, i.m.)
and Vit C (150 mg/kg/day, oral) were administered to the rats for
14 days. Alveolar bone loss (ABL) and histopathological changes
were examined using a light microscope. Immunohistochemistry was
used to determine levels of receptor activator of nuclear factor
kappa-B ligand (RANKL), caspase-3, bone morphogenic protein 2 (BMP-2)
and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the bone tissues. Results: Favipiravir increased the
levels of RANKL and caspase-3 expression but decreased BMP-2 and ALP
levels in a dose-dependent manner. Favi 20+Vit C and Favi 100 +Vit
C groups showed decreased RANKL and caspase-3 levels in addition
to increased BMP-2 and ALP levels. Conclusion: Favipiravir
can cause histopathological damage to the periodontium, but administration
of favipiravir combined with Vit C can provide a protective effect
against this damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Lektemur Alpan
- Department of Periodontology,
Faculty of Dentistry, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - G. Torumtay Cin
- Department of Periodontology,
Faculty of Dentistry, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Ö. Özmen
- Department of Pathology, Faculty
of Veterinary Medicine, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
| | - M. F. Doğan
- Department of Pharmacology,
Faculty of Medicine, University of Pamukkale, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Y. Şahin
- Department of Pharmacology,
Faculty of Medicine, University of Pamukkale, Denizli, Turkey
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Omer AK, Khorshidi S, Mortazavi N, Rahman HS. A Review on the Antiviral Activity of Functional Foods Against COVID-19 and Viral Respiratory Tract Infections. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:4817-4835. [PMID: 35592539 PMCID: PMC9112189 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s361001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the absence of successful therapy, vaccines for protection are continuously being developed. Since vaccines must be thoroughly tested, viral respiratory tract infections (VRTIs), mainly coronaviruses, have seriously affected human health worldwide in recent years. In this review, we presented the relevant data which originated from trusted publishers regarding the practical benefits of functional foods (FFs) and their dietary sources, in addition to natural plant products, in viral respiratory and COVID-19 prevention and immune-boosting activities. As a result, FFs were confirmed to be functionally active ingredients for preventing COVID-19 and VRTIs. Furthermore, the antiviral activity and immunological effects of FFs against VRTIs and COVID-19 and their potential main mechanisms of action are also being reviewed. Therefore, to prevent COVID-19 and VRTIs, it is critical to identify controlling the activities and immune-enhancing functional food constituents as early as possible. We further aimed to summarize functional food constituents as a dietary supplement that aids in immune system boosting and may effectively reduce VRTIs and COVID-19 and promote therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Khalid Omer
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
- Razga Company, Sulaimaniyah, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Sonia Khorshidi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Negar Mortazavi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Heshu Sulaiman Rahman
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq
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Unravelling Vitamin B12 as a potential inhibitor against SARS-CoV-2: A computational approach. INFORMATICS IN MEDICINE UNLOCKED 2022; 30:100951. [PMID: 35475214 PMCID: PMC9020503 DOI: 10.1016/j.imu.2022.100951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) is the etiological agent of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which becomes an eventual pandemic outbreak. Lack of proper therapeutic management has accelerated the researchers to repurpose existing drugs with known preclinical and toxicity profiles, which can easily enter Phase 3 or 4 or can be used directly in clinical settings. Vitamins are necessary nutrients for cell growth, function, and development. Furthermore, they play an important role in pathogen defence via cell-mediated responses and boost immunity. Using a computational approach, we intend to identify the probable inhibitory effect of all vitamins on the drug targets of COVID-19. The computational analysis demonstrated that vitamin B12 resulted in depicting suitable significant binding with furin, RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), Main proteases (Mpro), ORF3a and ORF7a and Vitamin D3 with spike protein and vitamin B9 with non structural protein 3 (NSP3). A detailed examination of vitamins suggests that vitamin B12 may be the component that reduces virulence by blocking furin which is responsible for entry of virus in the host cell. Details from the Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation study aided in determining vitamin B12 as a possible furin inhibitor.
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35
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Pisoschi AM, Pop A, Iordache F, Stanca L, Geicu OI, Bilteanu L, Serban AI. Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory roles of vitamins in COVID-19 therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 232:114175. [PMID: 35151223 PMCID: PMC8813210 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
oxidative stress is caused by an abundant generation of reactive oxygen species, associated to a diminished capacity of the endogenous systems of the organism to counteract them. Activation of pro-oxidative pathways and boosting of inflammatory cytokines are always encountered in viral infections, including SARS-CoV-2. So, the importance of counteracting cytokine storm in COVID-19 pathology is highly important, to hamper the immunogenic damage of the endothelium and alveolar membranes. Antioxidants prevent oxidative processes, by impeding radical species generation. It has been proved that vitamin intake lowers oxidative stress markers, alleviates cytokine storm and has a potential role in reducing disease severity, by lowering pro-inflammatory cytokines, hampering hyperinflammation and organ failure. For the approached compounds, direct antiviral roles are also discussed in this review, as these activities encompass secretion of antiviral peptides, modulation of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor expression and interaction with spike protein, inactivation of furin protease, or inhibition of pathogen replication by nucleic acid impairment induction. Vitamin administration results in beneficial effects. Nevertheless, timing, dosage and mutual influences of these micronutrients should be carefullly regarded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelia Magdalena Pisoschi
- University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department Preclinical Sciences, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 050097, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Aneta Pop
- University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department Preclinical Sciences, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 050097, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Florin Iordache
- University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department Preclinical Sciences, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 050097, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Loredana Stanca
- University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department Preclinical Sciences, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 050097, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ovidiu Ionut Geicu
- University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department Preclinical Sciences, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 050097, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Liviu Bilteanu
- University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department Preclinical Sciences, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 050097, Bucharest, Romania; Molecular Nanotechnology Laboratory, National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies, 126A, Erou Iancu Nicolae Street, 077190, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andreea Iren Serban
- University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department Preclinical Sciences, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 050097, Bucharest, Romania; University of Bucharest, Faculty of Biology, Department Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 91-95 Blvd, Splaiul Independentei, 050095, Bucharest, Romania
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36
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Govers C, Calder PC, Savelkoul HFJ, Albers R, van Neerven RJJ. Ingestion, Immunity, and Infection: Nutrition and Viral Respiratory Tract Infections. Front Immunol 2022; 13:841532. [PMID: 35296080 PMCID: PMC8918570 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.841532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory infections place a heavy burden on the health care system, particularly in the winter months. Individuals with a vulnerable immune system, such as very young children and the elderly, and those with an immune deficiency, are at increased risk of contracting a respiratory infection. Most respiratory infections are relatively mild and affect the upper respiratory tract only, but other infections can be more serious. These can lead to pneumonia and be life-threatening in vulnerable groups. Rather than focus entirely on treating the symptoms of infectious disease, optimizing immune responsiveness to the pathogens causing these infections may help steer towards a more favorable outcome. Nutrition may have a role in such prevention through different immune supporting mechanisms. Nutrition contributes to the normal functioning of the immune system, with various nutrients acting as energy sources and building blocks during the immune response. Many micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) act as regulators of molecular responses of immune cells to infection. It is well described that chronic undernutrition as well as specific micronutrient deficiencies impair many aspects of the immune response and make individuals more susceptible to infectious diseases, especially in the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. In addition, other dietary components such as proteins, pre-, pro- and synbiotics, and also animal- and plant-derived bioactive components can further support the immune system. Both the innate and adaptive defense systems contribute to active antiviral respiratory tract immunity. The initial response to viral airway infections is through recognition by the innate immune system of viral components leading to activation of adaptive immune cells in the form of cytotoxic T cells, the production of neutralizing antibodies and the induction of memory T and B cell responses. The aim of this review is to describe the effects of a range different dietary components on anti-infective innate as well as adaptive immune responses and to propose mechanisms by which they may interact with the immune system in the respiratory tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coen Govers
- Cell Biology and Immunology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Philip C. Calder
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Huub F. J. Savelkoul
- Cell Biology and Immunology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | | | - R. J. Joost van Neerven
- Cell Biology and Immunology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Research & Development, FrieslandCampina, Amersfoort, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: R. J. Joost van Neerven,
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37
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Hajdrik P, Pályi B, Kis Z, Kovács N, Veres DS, Szigeti K, Budán F, Hegedüs I, Kovács T, Bergmann R, Máthé D. In Vitro Determination of Inhibitory Effects of Humic Substances Complexing Zn and Se on SARS-CoV-2 Virus Replication. Foods 2022; 11:694. [PMID: 35267328 PMCID: PMC8909382 DOI: 10.3390/foods11050694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Humic substances are well-known human nutritional supplement materials and they play an important performance-enhancing role as animal feed additives. For decades, ingredients of humic substances have been proven to carry potent antiviral effects against different viruses. (2) Methods: Here, the antiviral activity of a humic substance containing ascorbic acid, Se- and Zn2+ ions intended as a nutritional supplement material was investigated against SARS-CoV-2 virus B1.1.7 Variant of Concern ("Alpha Variant") in a VeroE6 cell line. (3) Results: This combination has a significant in vitro antiviral effect at a very low concentration range of its intended active ingredients. (4) Conclusions: Even picomolar concentration ranges of humic substances, Vitamin C and Zn/Se ions in the given composition, were enough to achieve 50% viral replication inhibition in the applied SARS-CoV-2 virus inhibition test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polett Hajdrik
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26., H-1085 Budapest, Hungary; (P.H.); (N.K.); (D.S.V.); (K.S.); (I.H.); (R.B.)
| | - Bernadett Pályi
- National Biosafety Laboratory, National Public Health Center, Albert Flórián út 2-6, H-1097 Budapest, Hungary; (B.P.); (Z.K.)
| | - Zoltán Kis
- National Biosafety Laboratory, National Public Health Center, Albert Flórián út 2-6, H-1097 Budapest, Hungary; (B.P.); (Z.K.)
- Department of Microbiology, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26., H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Noémi Kovács
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26., H-1085 Budapest, Hungary; (P.H.); (N.K.); (D.S.V.); (K.S.); (I.H.); (R.B.)
- CROmed Translational Research Ltd., Tűzoltó u. 37-47, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dániel Sándor Veres
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26., H-1085 Budapest, Hungary; (P.H.); (N.K.); (D.S.V.); (K.S.); (I.H.); (R.B.)
| | - Krisztián Szigeti
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26., H-1085 Budapest, Hungary; (P.H.); (N.K.); (D.S.V.); (K.S.); (I.H.); (R.B.)
| | - Ferenc Budán
- Institute of Transdisciplinary Discoveries, Medical School, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 11, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary;
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Imre Hegedüs
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26., H-1085 Budapest, Hungary; (P.H.); (N.K.); (D.S.V.); (K.S.); (I.H.); (R.B.)
| | - Tibor Kovács
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Radioecology, University of Pannonia, Egyetem u. 10., H-8200 Veszprem, Hungary;
| | - Ralf Bergmann
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26., H-1085 Budapest, Hungary; (P.H.); (N.K.); (D.S.V.); (K.S.); (I.H.); (R.B.)
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Domokos Máthé
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26., H-1085 Budapest, Hungary; (P.H.); (N.K.); (D.S.V.); (K.S.); (I.H.); (R.B.)
- CROmed Translational Research Ltd., Tűzoltó u. 37-47, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary
- Hungarian Centre of Excellence for Molecular Medicine, In Vivo Imaging Advanced Core Facility, Semmelweis University Site, Római Blvd. 21, H-6723 Szeged, Hungary
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38
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Toor R, Chana I. Exploring diet associations with Covid-19 and other diseases: a Network Analysis-based approach. Med Biol Eng Comput 2022; 60:991-1013. [PMID: 35171411 PMCID: PMC8852958 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-022-02505-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The current global pandemic, Covid-19, is a severe threat to human health and existence especially when it is mutating very frequently. Being a novel disease, Covid-19 is impacting the patients with comorbidities and is predicted to have long-term consequences, even for those who have recovered from it. To clearly recognize its impact, it is important to comprehend the complex relationship between Covid-19 and other diseases. It is also being observed that people with good immune system are less susceptible to the disease. It is perceived that if a correlation between Covid-19, other diseases, and diet is realized, then caregivers would be able to enhance their further course of medical action and recommendations. Network Analysis is one such technique that can bring forth such complex interdependencies and associations. In this paper, a Network Analysis–based approach has been proposed for analyzing the interplay of diets/foods along with Covid-19 and other diseases. Relationships between Covid-19, diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and diets have been curated, visualized, and further analyzed in this study so as to predict unknown associations. Network algorithms including Louvain graph algorithm (LA), K nearest neighbors (KNN), and Page rank algorithms (PR) have been employed for predicting a total of 60 disease-diet associations, out of which 46 have been found to be either significant in disease risk prevention/mitigation or in its progression as validated using PubMed literature. A precision of 76.7% has been achieved which is significant considering the involvement of a novel disease like Covid-19. The generated interdependencies can be further explored by medical professionals and caregivers in order to plan healthy eating patterns for Covid-19 patients. The proposed approach can also be utilized for finding beneficial diets for different combinations of comorbidities with Covid-19 as per the underlying health conditions of a patient. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmeet Toor
- Cloud and IoT Research Lab, Computer Science and Engineering Department, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, India.
| | - Inderveer Chana
- Cloud and IoT Research Lab, Computer Science and Engineering Department, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, India
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39
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Shergill RS, Farlow A, Perez F, Patel BA. 3D-printed electrochemical pestle and mortar for identification of falsified pharmaceutical tablets. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:100. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05202-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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40
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Ao G, Li J, Yuan Y, Wang Y, Nasr B, Bao M, Gao M, Qi X. Intravenous vitamin C use and risk of severity and mortality in COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Clin Pract 2022; 37:274-281. [PMID: 35148440 PMCID: PMC9088481 DOI: 10.1002/ncp.10832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The administration of intravenous vitamin C (IV-VC) in treating patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still highly controversial. There have been no previous studies on the effect of IV-VC on the severity and mortality of COVID-19. Hence, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the disease severity and mortality in patients with COVID-19 who promptly received IV-VC treatment vs those who did not. We performed a comprehensive systematic search of seven health science databases, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang Data, up to June 23, 2021. We identified a total of seven related articles, which were included in this study. This meta-analysis showed that IV-VC treatment did not affect disease severity compared with placebo treatment or usual care (odds ratio [OR], 0.70; 95% CI, 0.45 to 1.07; P = 0.10). In addition, no statistically significant difference in mortality was observed between patients who received IV-VC treatment and those who did not (OR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.41 to 1.00; P = 0.05). Moreover, the adjusted meta-analysis revealed that the use of IV-VC did not influence disease severity (OR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.34 to 1.31; P = 0.242) or mortality (OR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.75 to 1.40; P = 0.877) in comparison with a control group. The results of this meta-analysis demonstrated that short-term IV-VC treatment did not reduce the risk of severity and mortality in patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyu Ao
- Department of Nephrology, Chengdu First People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Nephrology, Chengdu First People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Yuan
- Department of Minimally Invasive Surgery-Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Thoracic Surgery, West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Yushu Wang
- Chengdu West China Clinical Research Center CO, Ltd, Sichuan, China
| | - Basma Nasr
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Mulong Bao
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Chengdu First People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ming Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Chengdu First People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Qi
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University & The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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41
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article will briefly describe the role of specific dietary components, mainly micronutrients, in supporting the immune response and summarise the literature regarding foods and dietary patterns in the context of immunity and infectious illness. Literature on SARS-COV-2 infection and COVID-19 is referred to where appropriate. RECENT FINDINGS Micronutrients, other nutrients and plant bioactives have roles in supporting the immune response. Low status of a number of micronutrients is associated with increased risk and severity of COVID-19. Recent studies report associations of plant-based diets with lower risk of, and less severe, COVID-19. SUMMARY In order to support the immune response, sufficient amounts of a range of essential and non-essential nutrients and other bioactives, mainly from a plant-based diet should be consumed. Further research should define cause-and-effect relationships of intakes of individual dietary components and foods, and of dietary patterns with susceptibility to, and severity of, viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip C Calder
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom,NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
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42
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Majidi N, Rabbani F, Gholami S, Gholamalizadeh M, BourBour F, Rastgoo S, Hajipour A, Shadnoosh M, Akbari ME, Bahar B, Ashoori N, Alizadeh A, Samipoor F, Moslem A, Doaei S, Suzuki K. The Effect of Vitamin C on Pathological Parameters and Survival Duration of Critically Ill Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Front Immunol 2022; 12:717816. [PMID: 34975830 PMCID: PMC8714637 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.717816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Vitamin C has been reported to have beneficial effects on patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study aimed to investigate the effect of vitamin C supplementation on pathological parameters and survival duration of critically ill patients with COVID-19. Methods This clinical trial was conducted on 120 hospitalized critically ill patients infected with COVID-19. The intervention group (n = 31) received one capsule of 500 mg of vitamin C daily for 14 days. The control group (n = 69) received the same nutrition except for vitamin C supplements. Measurement of pathological and biochemical parameters was performed at baseline and after 2 weeks of the intervention. Results Following 2 weeks of vitamin C supplementation, the level of serum K was significantly lower in the patients compared with the control group (3.93 vs. 4.21 mEq/L, p < 0.01). Vitamin C supplementation resulted in a higher mean survival duration compared with that of the control group (8 vs. 4 days, p < 0.01). There was a linear association between the number of days of vitamin C intake and survival duration (B = 1.66, p < 0.001). The vitamin C supplementation had no effect on blood glucose, mean arterial pressure, arterial blood gas (ABG) parameters, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), kidney function, cell blood count (CBC), hemoglobin (Hb), platelet (Plt), partial thromboplastin time (PTT), albumin, hematocrit (Hct), and other serum electrolytes including sodium (Na), calcium, and phosphorus (P). Conclusion The present study demonstrated the potential of vitamin C supplementation in enhancing the survival duration of critically ill patients with COVID-19. Clinical Trial Registration https://www.irct.ir/trial/55074, identifier IRCT20151226025699N5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Majidi
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Rabbani
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Somayeh Gholami
- Razi Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Maryam Gholamalizadeh
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh BourBour
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Research Institute Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Rastgoo
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Research Institute Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Hajipour
- School of Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Mahdi Shadnoosh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Bojlul Bahar
- Nutrition Sciences and Applied Food Safety Studies, Research Centre for Global Development, School of Sport & Health Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, United Kingdom
| | - Narjes Ashoori
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Research Institute Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atiyeh Alizadeh
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Forough Samipoor
- Razi Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Alireza Moslem
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Saeid Doaei
- Reproductive Health Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Al-Zahra Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
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Kang H, Hu H, Park SK. Serum antioxidant status and mortality from influenza and pneumonia in US adults. Public Health Nutr 2022; 25:1-10. [PMID: 35000647 PMCID: PMC9271125 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980022000027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined the association between serum antioxidant status and mortality from influenza and pneumonia in US adults. DESIGN Serum concentrations of antioxidants included vitamin C, vitamin A, vitamin E, sum of α- and β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein + zeaxanthin and lycopene. We computed total antioxidant capacity (TAC) as a measure of composite antioxidant status in serum. Survey-weighted Cox proportional hazard models were used to compute hazard ratios (HR) and 95 % CI comparing quartiles of each antioxidant and TAC. SETTING Data from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)-III. PARTICIPANTS A total of 7428 NHANES-III participants ≥45 years of age. RESULTS With a weighted-median follow-up of 16·8 years, 154 participants died from influenza/pneumonia. After adjustment for covariates, serum vitamin C, the sum of α- and β-carotene and TAC were nonlinearly associated with influenza/pneumonia mortality, with the statistically significant smallest HR at the third quartile v. the first quartile (HR = 0·38 (95 % CI: 0·19, 0·77), 0·29 (0·16, 0·51) and 0·30 (0·15, 0·59), respectively). HR comparing the fourth v. the first quartiles were weaker and nonsignificant: 0·57 (95 % CI: 0·27, 1·17), 0·70 (0·41, 1·19) and 0·65 (0·31, 1·35), respectively. Serum lycopene had a monotonic association with influenza/pneumonia mortality (HR = 0·43 (95 % CI: 0·23, 0·83) comparing the fourth v. the first quartile, Pfor trend = 0·01). CONCLUSIONS The current study suggests that antioxidant intake as reflected by serum concentrations may reduce mortality risk from influenza or pneumonia in the US general population. These findings warrant further confirmation in other populations with different settings (e.g. a shorter-term association with influenza infection).
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Affiliation(s)
- Habyeong Kang
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI48109, USA
| | - Howard Hu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sung Kyun Park
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI48109, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Detection of vitamin C in various falsified oral formulations using voltammetry. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Toledano JM, Moreno-Fernandez J, Puche-Juarez M, Ochoa JJ, Diaz-Castro J. Implications of Vitamins in COVID-19 Prevention and Treatment through Immunomodulatory and Anti-Oxidative Mechanisms. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:antiox11010005. [PMID: 35052509 PMCID: PMC8773198 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the appearance of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its announcement as a global pandemic, the search for prophylactic and therapeutic options have become a priority for governments and the scientific community. The approval of several vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 is being crucial to overcome this situation, although the victory will not be achieved while the whole population worldwide is not protected against the virus. This is why alternatives should be studied in order to successfully support the immune system before and during a possible infection. An optimal inflammatory and oxidative stress status depends on an adequate diet. Poor levels of several nutrients could be related to an impaired immune response and, therefore, an increased susceptibility to infection and serious outcomes. Vitamins exert a number of anti-microbial, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities, which can be of use to fight against this and several other diseases (especially vitamin D and C). Even though they cannot be considered as a definitive therapeutic option, in part owing to the lack of solid conclusions from well-designed clinical trials, currently available evidence from similar respiratory diseases may indicate that it would be rational to deeply explore the use of vitamins during this global pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M. Toledano
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (J.M.T.); (J.D.-C.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Nutrition and Food Sciences Ph.D. Program, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Jorge Moreno-Fernandez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (J.M.T.); (J.D.-C.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.M.-F.); (M.P.-J.); (J.J.O.)
| | - María Puche-Juarez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (J.M.T.); (J.D.-C.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Nutrition and Food Sciences Ph.D. Program, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.M.-F.); (M.P.-J.); (J.J.O.)
| | - Julio J. Ochoa
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (J.M.T.); (J.D.-C.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.M.-F.); (M.P.-J.); (J.J.O.)
| | - Javier Diaz-Castro
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (J.M.T.); (J.D.-C.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (IBS), 18016 Granada, Spain
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Ruiz-Valdepeñas Montiel V, Sempionatto JR, Vargas E, Bailey E, May J, Bulbarello A, Düsterloh A, Matusheski N, Wang J. Decentralized vitamin C & D dual biosensor chip: Toward personalized immune system support. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 194:113590. [PMID: 34474278 PMCID: PMC8437685 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Combating the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has put the spotlight on nutritional support of the immune system through consumption of vitamins C and D. Accordingly, there are urgent demands for an effective on-the-spot multi-vitamin self-testing platform that monitors the levels of these immune-supporting micronutrients for guiding precision nutrition recommendations. Herein, we present a compact bioelectronic dual sensor chip aimed at frequent on-the-spot simultaneous monitoring of the salivary vitamin C and D dynamics. The new bioelectronic chip combines a new electrocatalytic vitamin C amperometric assay along with competitive vitamin D immunoassay on neighboring electrodes, to perform selective and cross-talk free detection of both vitamins in a 10-μL saliva sample within 25 min. The distinct vitamin C or D temporal profiles obtained for different individuals after vitamin supplementation indicate the potential of the new bioelectronic chip strategy for enhancing personalized nutrition towards guiding dietary interventions to meet individual nutrition needs and promote immune system health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eva Vargas
- Dept. Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Eileen Bailey
- DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., Kaiseraugst, 4303, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer May
- DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., Kaiseraugst, 4303, Switzerland
| | | | - André Düsterloh
- DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., Kaiseraugst, 4303, Switzerland
| | | | - Joseph Wang
- Dept. Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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Islam F, Bibi S, Meem AFK, Islam MM, Rahaman MS, Bepary S, Rahman MM, Rahman MM, Elzaki A, Kajoak S, Osman H, ElSamani M, Khandaker MU, Idris AM, Emran TB. Natural Bioactive Molecules: An Alternative Approach to the Treatment and Control of COVID-19. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12638. [PMID: 34884440 PMCID: PMC8658031 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Several coronaviruses (CoVs) have been associated with serious health hazards in recent decades, resulting in the deaths of thousands around the globe. The recent coronavirus pandemic has emphasized the importance of discovering novel and effective antiviral medicines as quickly as possible to prevent more loss of human lives. Positive-sense RNA viruses with group spikes protruding from their surfaces and an abnormally large RNA genome enclose CoVs. CoVs have already been related to a range of respiratory infectious diseases possibly fatal to humans, such as MERS, SARS, and the current COVID-19 outbreak. As a result, effective prevention, treatment, and medications against human coronavirus (HCoV) is urgently needed. In recent years, many natural substances have been discovered with a variety of biological significance, including antiviral properties. Throughout this work, we reviewed a wide range of natural substances that interrupt the life cycles for MERS and SARS, as well as their potential application in the treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahadul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (F.I.); (A.F.K.M.); (M.M.I.); (M.S.R.); (S.B.); (M.M.R.); (M.M.R.)
| | - Shabana Bibi
- Yunnan Herbal Laboratory, College of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China;
- International Joint Research Center for Sustainable Utilization of Cordyceps Bioresources in China and Southeast Asia, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Atkia Farzana Khan Meem
- Department of Pharmacy, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (F.I.); (A.F.K.M.); (M.M.I.); (M.S.R.); (S.B.); (M.M.R.); (M.M.R.)
| | - Md. Mohaimenul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (F.I.); (A.F.K.M.); (M.M.I.); (M.S.R.); (S.B.); (M.M.R.); (M.M.R.)
| | - Md. Saidur Rahaman
- Department of Pharmacy, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (F.I.); (A.F.K.M.); (M.M.I.); (M.S.R.); (S.B.); (M.M.R.); (M.M.R.)
| | - Sristy Bepary
- Department of Pharmacy, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (F.I.); (A.F.K.M.); (M.M.I.); (M.S.R.); (S.B.); (M.M.R.); (M.M.R.)
| | - Md. Mizanur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (F.I.); (A.F.K.M.); (M.M.I.); (M.S.R.); (S.B.); (M.M.R.); (M.M.R.)
| | - Md. Mominur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (F.I.); (A.F.K.M.); (M.M.I.); (M.S.R.); (S.B.); (M.M.R.); (M.M.R.)
| | - Amin Elzaki
- Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (A.E.); (S.K.); (H.O.); (M.E.)
| | - Samih Kajoak
- Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (A.E.); (S.K.); (H.O.); (M.E.)
| | - Hamid Osman
- Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (A.E.); (S.K.); (H.O.); (M.E.)
| | - Mohamed ElSamani
- Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (A.E.); (S.K.); (H.O.); (M.E.)
| | - Mayeen Uddin Khandaker
- Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Abubakr M. Idris
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia;
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh
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Relationship between Vitamin D Status and Antibody Response to COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination in Healthy Adults. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111714. [PMID: 34829945 PMCID: PMC8615783 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune response to vaccination with SARS-CoV-2 vaccines varies greatly from person to person. In addition to age, there is evidence that certain micronutrients influence the immune system, particularly vitamin D. Here, we analysed SARS-CoV-2 IgG and neutralisation potency along with 25-hydroxy-cholecalciferol [25(OH)D] concentrations in a cohort of healthy German adults from the time of vaccination over 24 weeks. Contrary to our expectations, no significant differences were found in the dynamic increase or decrease of SARS-CoV-2 IgG as a function of the 25(OH)D status. Furthermore, the response to the first or second vaccination, the maximum SARS-CoV-2 IgG concentrations achieved, and the decline in SARS-CoV-2 IgG concentrations over time were not related to 25(OH)D status. We conclude that the vaccination response, measured as SARS-CoV-2 IgG concentration, does not depend on 25(OH)D status in healthy adults with moderate vitamin D status.
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The Role of Herbal and Nutritional Treatments in the Fight against COVID-19 and Other Respiratory Tract Infections. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182212001. [PMID: 34831757 PMCID: PMC8624644 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182212001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
With the growing spread of COVID-19 worldwide, the appeal to alternative and nutritional therapies in conjunction with medical therapies has been heightened. This article aims to review studies assessing the roles of Chinese traditional medicine and nutrition in upper respiratory infections, including COVID-19. Various Chinese herbal protocols have been shown to fight respiratory infections, with several having been tested on the novel coronavirus. Additionally, promising findings have been reported when medical treatments were complemented with nutritional interventions. Supplementation with vitamins C and D, Zinc and Selenium are discussed, in addition to certain phytochemicals and food that also possess immunoregulatory and antiviral properties. Further clinical studies are needed to establish these alternative treatments as part of the management of emerging respiratory infections.
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The Role of an Anti-Inflammatory Diet in Conjunction to COVID-19. Diseases 2021; 9:diseases9040076. [PMID: 34842636 PMCID: PMC8628803 DOI: 10.3390/diseases9040076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), otherwise known as COVID-19, has challenged healthcare systems at an international level. COVID-19 suppresses the immune system by causing a systemic inflammatory response, also known as cytokine release syndrome, leaving COVID-19 patients with high levels of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Nutrition's function in the respiratory and immune systems has been investigated in much research, and its significance cannot be overstated, as the nutritional status of patients has been shown to be directly connected with the severity of the disease. Key dietary components such as vitamin C, D, omega-3 fatty acids, and zinc have shown potential in their anti-inflammatory effects, as well as the famous Mediterranean diet. This review aims to discuss the use of anti-inflammatory dietary approaches to prevent Sars-CoV-2 or lessen COVID-19 effects.
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