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Coulson SZ, Guglielmo CG, Staples JF. Migration increases mitochondrial oxidative capacity without increasing reactive oxygen species emission in a songbird. J Exp Biol 2024; 227:jeb246849. [PMID: 38632979 PMCID: PMC11128287 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.246849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Birds remodel their flight muscle metabolism prior to migration to meet the physiological demands of migratory flight, including increases in both oxidative capacity and defence against reactive oxygen species. The degree of plasticity mediated by changes in these mitochondrial properties is poorly understood but may be explained by two non-mutually exclusive hypotheses: variation in mitochondrial quantity or in individual mitochondrial function. We tested these hypotheses using yellow-rumped warblers (Setophaga coronata), a Nearctic songbird which biannually migrates 2000-5000 km. We predicted higher flight muscle mitochondrial abundance and substrate oxidative capacity, and decreased reactive oxygen species emission in migratory warblers captured during autumn migration compared with a short-day photoperiod-induced non-migratory phenotype. We assessed mitochondrial abundance via citrate synthase activity and assessed isolated mitochondrial function using high-resolution fluororespirometry. We found 60% higher tissue citrate synthase activity in the migratory phenotype, indicating higher mitochondrial abundance. We also found 70% higher State 3 respiration (expressed per unit citrate synthase) in mitochondria from migratory warblers when oxidizing palmitoylcarnitine, but similar H2O2 emission rates between phenotypes. By contrast, non-phosphorylating respiration was higher and H2O2 emission rates were lower in the migratory phenotype. However, flux through electron transport system complexes I-IV, II-IV and IV was similar between phenotypes. In support of our hypotheses, these data suggest that flight muscle mitochondrial abundance and function are seasonally remodelled in migratory songbirds to increase tissue oxidative capacity without increasing reactive oxygen species formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soren Z. Coulson
- Department of Biology, Western University, London, ON, Canada, N6A 5B7
- Centre for Animals on the Move, Western University, London, ON, Canada, N6A 3K7
| | - Christopher G. Guglielmo
- Department of Biology, Western University, London, ON, Canada, N6A 5B7
- Centre for Animals on the Move, Western University, London, ON, Canada, N6A 3K7
| | - James F. Staples
- Department of Biology, Western University, London, ON, Canada, N6A 5B7
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Vasilev V, Boyadjiev N, Hrischev P, Gerginska F, Delchev S, Arabadzhiyska D, Komrakova M, Boeker KO, Schilling AF, Georgieva K. Ostarine blunts the effect of endurance training on submaximal endurance in rats. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03030-w. [PMID: 38451281 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03030-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to study the effects of ostarine alone and in combination with endurance training in sexually mature, male Wistar rats. The rats were divided into a treadmill-trained group and a sedentary group. Half of each group received either ostarine or vehicle for 8 weeks (n = 10 each, in total n = 40). We examined some functional, hormonal, and anthropometric parameters and the myogenic gene expression of myostatin, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) in m. gastrocnemius. Ostarine decreased submaximal endurance and increased myogenic gene expression of myostatin but had no effect on maximal time to exhaustion and grip strength. Training increased submaximal endurance, maximal time to exhaustion, and grip strength. Our results indicate that both exercise and ostarine treatment had no significant effects on serum levels of luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and testosterone, or on the myogenic gene expression of IGF-1 and VEGF-A. Neither ostarine nor the training had a significant effect on the testis, liver, and heart weights. In conclusion, ostarine had no effect on anthropometric and hormonal parameters but increased the myostatin gene expression in muscle. The SARM treatment decreased submaximal endurance without affecting maximal time to exhaustion, and training increased both metrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veselin Vasilev
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15-A "Vasil Aprilov" Blvd, Plovdiv, 4002, Bulgaria.
| | - Nikolay Boyadjiev
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15-A "Vasil Aprilov" Blvd, Plovdiv, 4002, Bulgaria
| | - Petar Hrischev
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15-A "Vasil Aprilov" Blvd, Plovdiv, 4002, Bulgaria
| | - Fanka Gerginska
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15-A "Vasil Aprilov" Blvd, Plovdiv, 4002, Bulgaria
| | - Slavi Delchev
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15-A "Vasil Aprilov" Blvd, Plovdiv, 4002, Bulgaria
| | - Desislava Arabadzhiyska
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15-A "Vasil Aprilov" Blvd, Plovdiv, 4002, Bulgaria
| | - Marina Komrakova
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Kai O Boeker
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Arndt F Schilling
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Katerina Georgieva
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15-A "Vasil Aprilov" Blvd, Plovdiv, 4002, Bulgaria
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3
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Wong JC, Oliveira AN, Khemraj P, Hood DA. The role of TFE3 in mediating skeletal muscle mitochondrial adaptations to exercise training. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2024; 136:262-273. [PMID: 38095014 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00484.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor E3 (TFE3) is a transcription factor that activates the expression of lysosomal genes involved in the clearance of dysfunctional mitochondria, termed mitophagy. With exercise, TFE3 is presumed to optimize the mitochondrial pool through the removal of organelles via lysosomes. However, the molecular mechanisms of the involved pathways remain unknown. Wild-type (WT) and TFE3 knockout (KO) mice were subjected to 6 wk of voluntary wheel running as an endurance training regimen. This was followed by a 45-min bout of in situ stimulation of the sciatic nerve innervating hindlimb muscles to evaluate muscle fatigue and contractile properties. A subset of animals was treated with colchicine to measure autophagy and mitophagy flux. Fatigability during stimulation was reduced with training in WT animals, as seen by a 13% increase in the percentage of maximum force at 5 min of stimulation, and a 30% increase at 30 minutes. Permeabilized fiber oxygen consumption was also improved with training. Concurrent with improved muscle and mitochondrial function, cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activity and COX I protein expression were increased in trained WT animals compared to untrained animals, signifying an increase in mitochondrial content. These training adaptations were abolished with the loss of TFE3. Surprisingly, the absence of TFE3 did not affect lysosomal content nor did it blunt the induction of mitophagy flux with contractile activity compared to WT mice. Our results suggest that the loss of TFE3 compromises beneficial training adaptations that lead to improved muscle endurance and mitochondrial function.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our understanding of the role of transcription factor E3 (TFE3) in skeletal muscle is very limited. This research shows that TFE3 plays a direct role in skeletal muscle mitochondrial enhancement with exercise training, thereby introducing a paradigm shift in our perception of the function of TFE3 in mitochondrial maintenance, beyond mitophagy. This research serves to introduce TFE3 as a protein that holds promise as a future therapeutic target for metabolic diseases and skeletal muscle dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna C Wong
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ashley N Oliveira
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Priyanka Khemraj
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David A Hood
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Moore TM, Lee S, Olsen T, Morselli M, Strumwasser AR, Lin AJ, Zhou Z, Abrishami A, Garcia SM, Bribiesca J, Cory K, Whitney K, Ho T, Ho T, Lee JL, Rucker DH, Nguyen CQA, Anand ATS, Yackly A, Mendoza LQ, Leyva BK, Aliman C, Artiga DJ, Meng Y, Charugundla S, Pan C, Jedian V, Seldin MM, Ahn IS, Diamante G, Blencowe M, Yang X, Mouisel E, Pellegrini M, Turcotte LP, Birkeland KI, Norheim F, Drevon CA, Lusis AJ, Hevener AL. Conserved multi-tissue transcriptomic adaptations to exercise training in humans and mice. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112499. [PMID: 37178122 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical activity is associated with beneficial adaptations in human and rodent metabolism. We studied over 50 complex traits before and after exercise intervention in middle-aged men and a panel of 100 diverse strains of female mice. Candidate gene analyses in three brain regions, muscle, liver, heart, and adipose tissue of mice indicate genetic drivers of clinically relevant traits, including volitional exercise volume, muscle metabolism, adiposity, and hepatic lipids. Although ∼33% of genes differentially expressed in skeletal muscle following the exercise intervention are similar in mice and humans independent of BMI, responsiveness of adipose tissue to exercise-stimulated weight loss appears controlled by species and underlying genotype. We leveraged genetic diversity to generate prediction models of metabolic trait responsiveness to volitional activity offering a framework for advancing personalized exercise prescription. The human and mouse data are publicly available via a user-friendly Web-based application to enhance data mining and hypothesis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M Moore
- Division of Cardiology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sindre Lee
- Department of Transplantation, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas Olsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marco Morselli
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences - The Collaboratory, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alexander R Strumwasser
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Amanda J Lin
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Zhenqi Zhou
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Aaron Abrishami
- Department of Transplantation, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Steven M Garcia
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Bribiesca
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kevin Cory
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kate Whitney
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Theodore Ho
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Timothy Ho
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joseph L Lee
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel H Rucker
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christina Q A Nguyen
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Akshay T S Anand
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Aidan Yackly
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lorna Q Mendoza
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brayden K Leyva
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Claudia Aliman
- Department of Transplantation, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Daniel J Artiga
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yonghong Meng
- Division of Cardiology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sarada Charugundla
- Division of Cardiology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Calvin Pan
- Division of Cardiology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Vida Jedian
- Division of Cardiology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Marcus M Seldin
- Division of Cardiology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - In Sook Ahn
- Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Physiology Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Graciel Diamante
- Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Physiology Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Montgomery Blencowe
- Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Physiology Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xia Yang
- Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Physiology Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Etienne Mouisel
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, UMR1297 Inserm, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Matteo Pellegrini
- UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lorraine P Turcotte
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dana & David Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kåre I Birkeland
- Department of Transplantation, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Frode Norheim
- Division of Cardiology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christian A Drevon
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Aldons J Lusis
- Division of Cardiology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrea L Hevener
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Iris Cantor-UCLA Women's Health Research Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Brooks GA, Osmond AD, Arevalo JA, Duong JJ, Curl CC, Moreno-Santillan DD, Leija RG. Lactate as a myokine and exerkine: drivers and signals of physiology and metabolism. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 134:529-548. [PMID: 36633863 PMCID: PMC9970662 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00497.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
No longer viewed as a metabolic waste product and cause of muscle fatigue, a contemporary view incorporates the roles of lactate in metabolism, sensing and signaling in normal as well as pathophysiological conditions. Lactate exists in millimolar concentrations in muscle, blood, and other tissues and can rise more than an order of magnitude as the result of increased production and clearance limitations. Lactate exerts its powerful driver-like influence by mass action, redox change, allosteric binding, and other mechanisms described in this article. Depending on the condition, such as during rest and exercise, following carbohydrate nutrition, injury, or pathology, lactate can serve as a myokine or exerkine with autocrine-, paracrine-, and endocrine-like functions that have important basic and translational implications. For instance, lactate signaling is: involved in reproductive biology, fueling the heart, muscle adaptation, and brain executive function, growth and development, and a treatment for inflammatory conditions. Lactate also works with many other mechanisms and factors in controlling cardiac output and pulmonary ventilation during exercise. Ironically, lactate can be disruptive of normal processes such as insulin secretion when insertion of lactate transporters into pancreatic β-cell membranes is not suppressed, and in carcinogenesis when factors that suppress carcinogenesis are inhibited, whereas factors that promote carcinogenesis are upregulated. Lactate signaling is important in areas of intermediary metabolism, redox biology, mitochondrial biogenesis, neurobiology, gut physiology, appetite regulation, nutrition, and overall health and vigor. The various roles of lactate as a myokine and exerkine are reviewed.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Lactate sensing and signaling is a relatively new and rapidly changing field. As a physiological signal lactate works both independently and in concert with other signals. Lactate operates via covalent binding and canonical signaling, redox change, and lactylation of DNA. Lactate can also serve as an element of feedback loops in cardiopulmonary regulation. From conception through aging lactate is not the only a myokine or exerkine, but it certainly deserves consideration as a physiological signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A Brooks
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - Adam D Osmond
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - Jose A Arevalo
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - Justin J Duong
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - Casey C Curl
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - Diana D Moreno-Santillan
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - Robert G Leija
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States
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6
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Ni C, Ji Y, Hu K, Xing K, Xu Y, Gao Y. Effect of exercise and antioxidant supplementation on cellular lipid peroxidation in elderly individuals: Systematic review and network meta-analysis. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1113270. [PMID: 36866175 PMCID: PMC9971974 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1113270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The viewpoints of previous studies on the correlation between exercise and cellular lipid peroxidation are contradictory from many perspectives and lack evidence for elder individuals. A new systematic review with network meta-analysis is necessary and will have significant practical value to provide high-quality evidence in the development of exercise protocols and an evidence-based guide for antioxidant supplementation for the elderly. Aims: To identify the cellular lipid peroxidation induced by different types of exercise, with or without antioxidant supplementation, in elderly individuals. Methods: Randomized controlled trials that recruited elderly participants and reported cellular lipid peroxidation indicators and were published in peer-reviewed journals in English were searched by a Boolean logic search strategy and screened in the databases PubMed, Medline, Embase, and Web of Science. The outcome measures were the biomarkers of oxidative stress in cell lipids in urine and blood, namely F2-isoprostanes, hydrogen peroxide (LOOH, PEROX, or LIPOX), malondialdehyde (MDA), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Result: 7 trials were included. A combination program of aerobic exercise (AE), low-intensity resistance training (LIRT), and a placebo intake (Placebo) and a combination program of aerobic exercise, low-intensity resistance training, and antioxidant supplementation (S) had the most and sub-most potential to dampen cellular lipid peroxidation (AE + LIRT + Placebo: 0.31 in Rank 1 and 0.2 in Rank 2; AE + LIRT + S: 0.19 in Rank 1 and 0.20 in Rank 2); A placebo intake (Placebo) and a blank intervention without exercise (NE) had the most and sub-most potential to induce an enhancement of cellular lipid peroxidation (Placebo: 0.51 in Rank 9 and 0.16 in Rank 8; NE: 0.16 in Rank 9 and 0.28 in Rank 8). All included studies had an unclear risk of selecting reporting. There were no high confidence ratings in all the direct and indirect comparisons, 4 comparisons in the direct evidence structure and 7 comparisons in the indirect evidence structure had moderate confidence. Conclusion: A combined protocol consisting of aerobic exercise and low-intensity resistance training is recommended to dampen cellular lipid peroxidation. Extra antioxidant supplementation might be unnecessary if an elderly individual has enough aerobic and resistance exercise. Systematic Review Registration: CRD42022367430.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxia Ni
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yiyi Ji
- College of Music, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Keke Hu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Kai Xing
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yining Xu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yanan Gao
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China,*Correspondence: Yanan Gao,
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7
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Katti P, Hall AS, Parry HA, Ajayi PT, Kim Y, Willingham TB, Bleck CKE, Wen H, Glancy B. Mitochondrial network configuration influences sarcomere and myosin filament structure in striated muscles. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6058. [PMID: 36229433 PMCID: PMC9561657 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33678-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustained muscle contraction occurs through interactions between actin and myosin filaments within sarcomeres and requires a constant supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from nearby mitochondria. However, it remains unclear how different physical configurations between sarcomeres and mitochondria alter the energetic support for contractile function. Here, we show that sarcomere cross-sectional area (CSA) varies along its length in a cell type-dependent manner where the reduction in Z-disk CSA relative to the sarcomere center is closely coordinated with mitochondrial network configuration in flies, mice, and humans. Further, we find myosin filaments near the sarcomere periphery are curved relative to interior filaments with greater curvature for filaments near mitochondria compared to sarcoplasmic reticulum. Finally, we demonstrate variable myosin filament lattice spacing between filament ends and filament centers in a cell type-dependent manner. These data suggest both sarcomere structure and myofilament interactions are influenced by the location and orientation of mitochondria within muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanna Katti
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Hailey A Parry
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peter T Ajayi
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yuho Kim
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - T Bradley Willingham
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christopher K E Bleck
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Han Wen
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brian Glancy
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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8
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Tracing the lactate shuttle to the mitochondrial reticulum. EXPERIMENTAL & MOLECULAR MEDICINE 2022; 54:1332-1347. [PMID: 36075947 PMCID: PMC9534995 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00802-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Isotope tracer infusion studies employing lactate, glucose, glycerol, and fatty acid isotope tracers were central to the deduction and demonstration of the Lactate Shuttle at the whole-body level. In concert with the ability to perform tissue metabolite concentration measurements, as well as determinations of unidirectional and net metabolite exchanges by means of arterial–venous difference (a-v) and blood flow measurements across tissue beds including skeletal muscle, the heart and the brain, lactate shuttling within organs and tissues was made evident. From an extensive body of work on men and women, resting or exercising, before or after endurance training, at sea level or high altitude, we now know that Organ–Organ, Cell–Cell, and Intracellular Lactate Shuttles operate continuously. By means of lactate shuttling, fuel-energy substrates can be exchanged between producer (driver) cells, such as those in skeletal muscle, and consumer (recipient) cells, such as those in the brain, heart, muscle, liver and kidneys. Within tissues, lactate can be exchanged between white and red fibers within a muscle bed and between astrocytes and neurons in the brain. Within cells, lactate can be exchanged between the cytosol and mitochondria and between the cytosol and peroxisomes. Lactate shuttling between driver and recipient cells depends on concentration gradients created by the mitochondrial respiratory apparatus in recipient cells for oxidative disposal of lactate. Studies using isotope tracer technologies have significantly improved understanding of how lactate, a metabolite produced as fuel during normal metabolism and in response to exercise, moves or ‘shuttles’ throughout the body. George Brooks and colleagues at the University of California, Berkeley, USA, reviewed the history of the understanding of lactate shuttling, which has largely been informed by human studies using isotope tracer infusions during rest and exercise. Such research highlights continuous organ–organ, cell–cell, and intracellular lactate shuttling. Lactate moves between producer cells such as skeletal muscle cells and consumer cells in tissues including the heart and brain, where it is preferred over glucose as an energy source. Shuttling depends on lactate concentration gradients created by mitochondrial networks in recipient cells. Lactate is disposed of via oxidation.
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van Opbergen CJM, Bagwan N, Maurya SR, Kim JC, Smith AN, Blackwell DJ, Johnston JN, Knollmann BC, Cerrone M, Lundby A, Delmar M. Exercise Causes Arrhythmogenic Remodeling of Intracellular Calcium Dynamics in Plakophilin-2-Deficient Hearts. Circulation 2022; 145:1480-1496. [PMID: 35491884 PMCID: PMC9086182 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.057757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise training, and catecholaminergic stimulation, increase the incidence of arrhythmic events in patients affected with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy correlated with plakophilin-2 (PKP2) mutations. Separate data show that reduced abundance of PKP2 leads to dysregulation of intracellular Ca2+ (Ca2+i) homeostasis. Here, we study the relation between excercise, catecholaminergic stimulation, Ca2+i homeostasis, and arrhythmogenesis in PKP2-deficient murine hearts. METHODS Experiments were performed in myocytes from a cardiomyocyte-specific, tamoxifen-activated, PKP2 knockout murine line (PKP2cKO). For training, mice underwent 75 minutes of treadmill running once per day, 5 days each week for 6 weeks. We used multiple approaches including imaging, high-resolution mass spectrometry, electrocardiography, and pharmacological challenges to study the functional properties of cells/hearts in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS In myocytes from PKP2cKO animals, training increased sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ load, increased the frequency and amplitude of spontaneous ryanodine receptor (ryanodine receptor 2)-mediated Ca2+ release events (sparks), and changed the time course of sarcomeric shortening. Phosphoproteomics analysis revealed that training led to hyperphosphorylation of phospholamban in residues 16 and 17, suggesting a catecholaminergic component. Isoproterenol-induced increase in Ca2+i transient amplitude showed a differential response to β-adrenergic blockade that depended on the purported ability of the blockers to reach intracellular receptors. Additional experiments showed significant reduction of isoproterenol-induced Ca2+i sparks and ventricular arrhythmias in PKP2cKO hearts exposed to an experimental blocker of ryanodine receptor 2 channels. CONCLUSIONS Exercise disproportionately affects Ca2+i homeostasis in PKP2-deficient hearts in a manner facilitated by stimulation of intracellular β-adrenergic receptors and hyperphosphorylation of phospholamban. These cellular changes create a proarrhythmogenic state that can be mitigated by ryanodine receptor 2 blockade. Our data unveil an arrhythmogenic mechanism for exercise-induced or catecholaminergic life-threatening arrhythmias in the setting of PKP2 deficit. We suggest that membrane-permeable β-blockers are potentially more efficient for patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, highlight the potential for ryanodine receptor 2 channel blockers as treatment for the control of heart rhythm in the population at risk, and propose that PKP2-dependent and phospholamban-dependent arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy-related arrhythmias have a common mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal JM van Opbergen
- The Leon Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University Grossmann School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Navratan Bagwan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Svetlana R Maurya
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Joon-Chul Kim
- The Leon Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University Grossmann School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Abigail N Smith
- Department of Chemistry & Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Daniel J Blackwell
- Vanderbilt Center for Arrhythmia Research and Therapeutics, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jeffrey N Johnston
- Department of Chemistry & Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Björn C Knollmann
- Vanderbilt Center for Arrhythmia Research and Therapeutics, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Marina Cerrone
- The Leon Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University Grossmann School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alicia Lundby
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mario Delmar
- The Leon Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University Grossmann School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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10
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Cerrone M, Marrón-Liñares GM, van Opbergen CJM, Costa S, Bourfiss M, Pérez-Hernández M, Schlamp F, Sanchis-Gomar F, Malkani K, Drenkova K, Zhang M, Lin X, Heguy A, Velthuis BK, Prakken NHJ, LaGerche A, Calkins H, James CA, Te Riele ASJM, Delmar M. Role of plakophilin-2 expression on exercise-related progression of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy: a translational study. Eur Heart J 2022; 43:1251-1264. [PMID: 34932122 PMCID: PMC8934688 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Exercise increases arrhythmia risk and cardiomyopathy progression in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) patients, but the mechanisms remain unknown. We investigated transcriptomic changes caused by endurance training in mice deficient in plakophilin-2 (PKP2cKO), a desmosomal protein important for intercalated disc formation, commonly mutated in ARVC and controls. METHODS AND RESULTS Exercise alone caused transcriptional downregulation of genes coding intercalated disk proteins. The changes converged with those in sedentary and in exercised PKP2cKO mice. PKP2 loss caused cardiac contractile deficit, decreased muscle mass and increased functional/transcriptomic signatures of apoptosis, despite increased fractional shortening and calcium transient amplitude in single myocytes. Exercise accelerated cardiac dysfunction, an effect dampened by pre-training animals prior to PKP2-KO. Consistent with PKP2-dependent muscle mass deficit, cardiac dimensions in human athletes carrying PKP2 mutations were reduced, compared to matched controls. CONCLUSIONS We speculate that exercise challenges a cardiomyocyte "desmosomal reserve" which, if impaired genetically (e.g., PKP2 loss), accelerates progression of cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Cerrone
- The ‘Leon Charney’ Division of Cardiology, New York University Grossmann School of Medicine, 435 East 30th Street, NSB 707, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Grecia M Marrón-Liñares
- The ‘Leon Charney’ Division of Cardiology, New York University Grossmann School of Medicine, 435 East 30th Street, NSB 707, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Chantal J M van Opbergen
- The ‘Leon Charney’ Division of Cardiology, New York University Grossmann School of Medicine, 435 East 30th Street, NSB 707, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Sarah Costa
- Division of Cardiology, University Heart Center Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, Zurich CH-8091, Switzerland
| | - Mimount Bourfiss
- Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht and The Netherlands Heart Institute, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marta Pérez-Hernández
- The ‘Leon Charney’ Division of Cardiology, New York University Grossmann School of Medicine, 435 East 30th Street, NSB 707, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Florencia Schlamp
- The ‘Leon Charney’ Division of Cardiology, New York University Grossmann School of Medicine, 435 East 30th Street, NSB 707, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Fabian Sanchis-Gomar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia and INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, C. de Menéndez y Pelayo, 4, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Kabir Malkani
- The ‘Leon Charney’ Division of Cardiology, New York University Grossmann School of Medicine, 435 East 30th Street, NSB 707, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Kamelia Drenkova
- The ‘Leon Charney’ Division of Cardiology, New York University Grossmann School of Medicine, 435 East 30th Street, NSB 707, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Mingliang Zhang
- The ‘Leon Charney’ Division of Cardiology, New York University Grossmann School of Medicine, 435 East 30th Street, NSB 707, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Xianming Lin
- The ‘Leon Charney’ Division of Cardiology, New York University Grossmann School of Medicine, 435 East 30th Street, NSB 707, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Adriana Heguy
- Genome Technology Center, Department of Pathology, New York University Grossmann School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Birgitta K Velthuis
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Niek H J Prakken
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Andre LaGerche
- Clinical Research Domain, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Rd, Melbourne VIC 3004, Australia and National Centre for Sports Cardiology, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Building C, 41 Victoria Parade, Fitzroy VIC 3065, Australia
| | - Hugh Calkins
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, 1800 Orleans St, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Cynthia A James
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, 1800 Orleans St, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Anneline S J M Te Riele
- Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht and The Netherlands Heart Institute, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mario Delmar
- The ‘Leon Charney’ Division of Cardiology, New York University Grossmann School of Medicine, 435 East 30th Street, NSB 707, New York, NY 10016, USA
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Treidel LA, Quintanilla Ramirez GS, Chung DJ, Menze MA, Vázquez-Medina JP, Williams CM. Selection on dispersal drives evolution of metabolic capacities for energy production in female wing-polymorphic sand field crickets, Gryllus firmus. J Evol Biol 2022; 35:599-609. [PMID: 35255175 PMCID: PMC9311679 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Life history and metabolism covary, but the mechanisms and individual traits responsible for these linkages remain unresolved. Dispersal capability is a critical component of life history that is constrained by metabolic capacities for energy production. Conflicting relationships between metabolism and life histories may be explained by accounting for variation in dispersal and maximal metabolic rates. We used female wing-polymorphic sand field crickets, Gryllus firmus, selected either for long wings (LW, flight-capable) or short wings (SW, flightless) to test the hypothesis that selection on dispersal capability drives the evolution of metabolic capacities. While resting metabolic rates were similar, long-winged crickets reached higher maximal metabolic rates than short-winged crickets, resulting in improved running performance. We further provided insight into the mechanisms responsible for covariation between life history and metabolism by comparing mitochondrial content of tissues involved in powering locomotion and assessing the function of mitochondria isolated from long- and short-winged crickets. Our results demonstrated that larger metabolic capacities in long-winged crickets were underpinned by increases in mitochondrial content of dorsoventral flight muscle and enhanced bioenergetic capacities of mitochondria within the fat body, a tissue responsible for fuel storage and mobilization. Thus, selection on flight capability correlates with increases in maximal, but not resting metabolic rates, through modifications of tissues powering locomotion at the cellular and organelle levels. This allows organisms to meet high energetic demands of activity for life history. Dispersal capability should therefore explicitly be considered as a potential factor driving the evolution of metabolic capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Treidel
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | | | - Dillon J Chung
- National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael A Menze
- Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - José P Vázquez-Medina
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Caroline M Williams
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
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12
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Scalzo RL, Schauer IE, Rafferty D, Knaub LA, Kvaratskhelia N, Johnson TK, Pott GB, Abushamat LA, Whipple MO, Huebschmann AG, Cree-Green M, Reusch JEB, Regensteiner JG. Single-leg exercise training augments in vivo skeletal muscle oxidative flux and vascular content and function in adults with type 2 diabetes. J Physiol 2022; 600:963-978. [PMID: 33569797 PMCID: PMC9006339 DOI: 10.1113/jp280603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS People with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have impaired skeletal muscle oxidative flux due to limited oxygen delivery. In the current study, this impairment in oxidative flux in people with T2D was abrogated with a single-leg exercise training protocol. Additionally, single-leg exercise training increased skeletal muscle CD31 content, calf blood flow and state 4 mitochondrial respiration in all participants. ABSTRACT Cardiorespiratory fitness is impaired in type 2 diabetes (T2D), conferring significant cardiovascular risk in this population; interventions are needed. Previously, we reported that a T2D-associated decrement in skeletal muscle oxidative flux is ameliorated with acute use of supplemental oxygen, suggesting that skeletal muscle oxygenation is rate-limiting to in vivo mitochondrial oxidative flux during exercise in T2D. We hypothesized that single-leg exercise training (SLET) would improve the T2D-specific impairment in in vivo mitochondrial oxidative flux during exercise. Adults with (n = 19) and without T2D (n = 22) with similar body mass indexes and levels of physical activity participated in two weeks of SLET. Following SLET, in vivo oxidative flux measured by 31 P-MRS increased in participants with T2D, but not people without T2D, measured by the increase in initial phosphocreatine synthesis (P = 0.0455 for the group × exercise interaction) and maximum rate of oxidative ATP synthesis (P = 0.0286 for the interaction). Additionally, oxidative phosphorylation increased in all participants with SLET (P = 0.0209). After SLET, there was no effect of supplemental oxygen on any of the in vivo oxidative flux measurements in either group (P > 0.02), consistent with resolution of the T2D-associated oxygen limitation previously observed at baseline in subjects with T2D. State 4 mitochondrial respiration also improved in muscle fibres ex vivo. Skeletal muscle vasculature content and calf blood flow increased in all participants with SLET (P < 0.0040); oxygen extraction in the calf increased only in T2D (P = 0.0461). SLET resolves the T2D-associated impairment of skeletal muscle in vivo mitochondrial oxidative flux potentially through improved effective blood flow/oxygen delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Scalzo
- Division of Endocrinology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Division of Center for Women's Health Research, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Administration Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Irene E Schauer
- Division of Endocrinology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Administration Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Deirdre Rafferty
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Leslie A Knaub
- Division of Endocrinology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Administration Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Nina Kvaratskhelia
- Division of Endocrinology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Taro Kaelix Johnson
- Division of Endocrinology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Gregory B Pott
- Division of Endocrinology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Administration Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Layla A Abushamat
- Division of Endocrinology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Administration Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Mary O Whipple
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Amy G Huebschmann
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Division of Center for Women's Health Research, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Melanie Cree-Green
- Division of Center for Women's Health Research, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jane E B Reusch
- Division of Endocrinology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Division of Center for Women's Health Research, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Administration Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Judith G Regensteiner
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Division of Center for Women's Health Research, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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13
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Klabacka RL, Parry HA, Yap KN, Cook RA, Herron VA, Horne LM, Wolak ME, Maldonado JA, Kavazis AN, Fujita MK, Oaks JR, Schwartz TS. Reduced mitochondrial respiration in hybrid asexual lizards. Am Nat 2022; 199:719-728. [DOI: 10.1086/719014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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14
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De la Rosa A, Olaso-Gonzalez G, Garcia-Dominguez E, Mastaloudis A, Hester SN, Wood SM, Gomez-Cabrera MC, Viña J. Glucosamine Supplementation Improves Physical Performance in Trained Mice. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021; 54:466-474. [PMID: 34711707 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION D-Glucosamine (GlcN) is one of the most widely consumed dietary supplements and complementary medicines in the world and has been traditionally used to attenuate osteoarthritis in humans. GlcN extends lifespan in different animal models. In humans, its supplementation has been strongly associated with decreased total mortality and improved vascular endothelial function. GlcN acts as a suppressor of inflammation and by inhibiting glycolysis, it can activate the metabolism of stored fat and mitochondrial respiration. METHODS The conventional human GlcN dose is 1,500 mg x day-1 but extensive evidence indicates that much higher doses are well tolerated. GlcN is one of the supplements that has experienced a greater use in the last years in elite athletes mainly due to its potential chondroprotective effects that may promote cartilage health. However, the possibility of it being an ergogenic aid has not been explored. We aimed to study the potential beneficial effects of GlcN on mitochondrial content, on physical performance and oxidative stress in mice that were aerobically trained and supplemented with three different doses of glucosamine (250, 500, and 1,000 mg x Kg-1) for six weeks. We measured exercise performance (grip strength, motor coordination and running capacity) before and after the training period. Proteins involved in mitochondrial biogenesis (AMPK, PGC-1, NRF-1, SIRT-1, cytochrome c, citrate synthase), markers of oxidative stress (GSSG/GSH) or damage (MDA, carbonylated proteins), antioxidant enzymes (NRF-2, SOD1, SOD2, Catalase and PRDX6) and MAPKs (p38 and ERK ½) were also determined in skeletal muscle. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Our results show that GlcN supplementation in aerobically trained mice, at doses equivalent to those conventionally used in humans, increases the protein levels of mitochondrial biogenesis markers, improves motor coordination and may have a synergistic effect with exercise training on running distance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian De la Rosa
- Freshage Research Group. Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES. Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario/INCLIVA, Spain Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Sports Science and Innovation Research Group (GICED), Unidades Tecnológicas de Santander (UTS), Bucaramanga (Colombia) Pharmanex Research, NSE Products, Inc., Provo, UT
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15
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Abstract
The design of the energy metabolism system in striated muscle remains a major area of investigation. Here, we review our current understanding and emerging hypotheses regarding the metabolic support of muscle contraction. Maintenance of ATP free energy, so called energy homeostasis, via mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation is critical to sustained contractile activity, and this major design criterion is the focus of this review. Cell volume invested in mitochondria reduces the space available for generating contractile force, and this spatial balance between mitochondria acontractile elements to meet the varying sustained power demands across muscle types is another important design criterion. This is accomplished with remarkably similar mass-specific mitochondrial protein composition across muscle types, implying that it is the organization of mitochondria within the muscle cell that is critical to supporting sustained muscle function. Beyond the production of ATP, ubiquitous distribution of ATPases throughout the muscle requires rapid distribution of potential energy across these large cells. Distribution of potential energy has long been thought to occur primarily through facilitated metabolite diffusion, but recent analysis has questioned the importance of this process under normal physiological conditions. Recent structural and functional studies have supported the hypothesis that the mitochondrial reticulum provides a rapid energy distribution system via the conduction of the mitochondrial membrane potential to maintain metabolic homeostasis during contractile activity. We extensively review this aspect of the energy metabolism design contrasting it with metabolite diffusion models and how mitochondrial structure can play a role in the delivery of energy in the striated muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Glancy
- Muscle Energetics Laboratory, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Insititute and National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Disease, Bethesda, Maryland
- Laboratory of Cardiac Energetics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Insititute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Robert S Balaban
- Muscle Energetics Laboratory, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Insititute and National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Disease, Bethesda, Maryland
- Laboratory of Cardiac Energetics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Insititute, Bethesda, Maryland
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16
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Aerobic Exercise Induces Alternative Splicing of Neurexins in Frontal Cortex. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2021; 6:jfmk6020048. [PMID: 34072692 PMCID: PMC8261640 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk6020048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerobic exercise (AE) is known to produce beneficial effects on brain health by improving plasticity, connectivity, and cognitive functions, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are still limited. Neurexins (Nrxns) are a family of presynaptic cell adhesion molecules that are important in synapsis formation and maturation. In vertebrates, three-neurexin genes (NRXN1, NRXN2, and NRXN3) have been identified, each encoding for α and β neurexins, from two independent promoters. Moreover, each Nrxns gene (1-3) has several alternative exons and produces many splice variants that bind to a large variety of postsynaptic ligands, playing a role in trans-synaptic specification, strength, and plasticity. In this study, we investigated the impact of a continuous progressive (CP) AE program on alternative splicing (AS) of Nrxns on two brain regions: frontal cortex (FC) and hippocampus. We showed that exercise promoted Nrxns1-3 AS at splice site 4 (SS4) both in α and β isoforms, inducing a switch from exon-excluded isoforms (SS4-) to exon-included isoforms (SS4+) in FC but not in hippocampus. Additionally, we showed that the same AE program enhanced the expression level of other genes correlated with synaptic function and plasticity only in FC. Altogether, our findings demonstrated the positive effect of CP AE on FC in inducing molecular changes underlying synaptic plasticity and suggested that FC is possibly a more sensitive structure than hippocampus to show molecular changes.
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Willis W, Willis E, Kuzmiak-Glancy S, Kras K, Hudgens J, Barakati N, Stern J, Mandarino L. Oxidative phosphorylation K 0.5ADP in vitro depends on substrate oxidative capacity: Insights from a luciferase-based assay to evaluate ADP kinetic parameters. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2021; 1862:148430. [PMID: 33887230 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2021.148430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The K0.5ADP of oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) identifies the cytosolic ADP concentration which elicits one-half the maximum OxPhos rate. This kinetic parameter is commonly measured to assess mitochondrial metabolic control sensitivity. Here we describe a luciferase-based assay to evaluate the ADP kinetic parameters of mitochondrial ATP production from OxPhos, adenylate kinase (AK), and creatine kinase (CK). The high sensitivity, reproducibility, and throughput of the microplate-based assay enabled a comprehensive kinetic assessment of all three pathways in mitochondria isolated from mouse liver, kidney, heart, and skeletal muscle. Carboxyatractyloside titrations were also performed with the assay to estimate the flux control strength of the adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) over OxPhos in human skeletal muscle mitochondria. ANT flux control coefficients were 0.91 ± 0.07, 0.83 ± 0.06, and 0.51 ± 0.07 at ADP concentrations of 6.25, 12.5, and 25 μM, respectively, an [ADP] range which spanned the K0.5ADP. The oxidative capacity of substrate combinations added to drive OxPhos was found to dramatically influence ADP kinetics in mitochondria from several tissues. In mouse skeletal muscle ten different substrate combinations elicited a 7-fold range of OxPhos Vmax, which correlated positively (R2 = 0.963) with K0.5ADP values ranging from 2.3 ± 0.2 μM to 11.9 ± 0.6 μM. We propose that substrate-enhanced capacity to generate the protonmotive force increases the OxPhos K0.5ADP because flux control at ANT increases, thus K0.5ADP rises toward the dissociation constant, KdADP, of ADP-ANT binding. The findings are discussed in the context of top-down metabolic control analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne Willis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States; Center for Disparities in Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.
| | - Elizabeth Willis
- College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Sarah Kuzmiak-Glancy
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Katon Kras
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Jamie Hudgens
- College of Pharmacy, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, United States
| | - Neusha Barakati
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Jennifer Stern
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States; Center for Disparities in Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Lawrence Mandarino
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States; Center for Disparities in Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
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18
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Rawlley-Singh I, King R. Developing a Strength and Conditioning Technical Framework: An Example From a Canoe Slalom National Performance Program. Strength Cond J 2021. [DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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19
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Kapoor MP, Koido M, Kawaguchi M, Timm D, Ozeki M, Yamada M, Mitsuya T, Okubo T. Lifestyle related changes with partially hydrolyzed guar gum dietary fiber in healthy athlete individuals – A randomized, double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled gut microbiome clinical study. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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20
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Agans RT, Giles GE, Goodson MS, Karl JP, Leyh S, Mumy KL, Racicot K, Soares JW. Evaluation of Probiotics for Warfighter Health and Performance. Front Nutr 2020; 7:70. [PMID: 32582752 PMCID: PMC7296105 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The probiotic industry continues to grow in both usage and the diversity of products available. Scientific evidence supports clinical use of some probiotic strains for certain gastrointestinal indications. Although much less is known about the impact of probiotics in healthy populations, there is increasing consumer and scientific interest in using probiotics to promote physical and psychological health and performance. Military men and women are a unique healthy population that must maintain physical and psychological health in order to ensure mission success. In this narrative review, we examine the evidence regarding probiotics and candidate probiotics for physical and/or cognitive benefits in healthy adults within the context of potential applications for military personnel. The reviewed evidence suggests potential for certain strains to induce biophysiological changes that may offer physical and/or cognitive health and performance benefits in military populations. However, many knowledge gaps exist, effects on health and performance are generally not widespread among the strains examined, and beneficial findings are generally limited to single studies with small sample sizes. Multiple studies with the same strains and using similar endpoints are needed before definitive recommendations for use can be made. We conclude that, at present, there is not compelling scientific evidence to support the use of any particular probiotic(s) to promote physical or psychological performance in healthy military personnel. However, plausibility for physical and psychological health and performance benefits remains, and additional research is warranted. In particular, research in military cohorts would aid in assessing the value of probiotics for supporting physical and psychological health and performance under the unique demands required of these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard T Agans
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States.,Naval Medical Research Unit Dayton, Environmental Health Effects Laboratory, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Grace E Giles
- Soldier Performance Optimization Directorate, U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command - Soldier Center, Natick, MA, United States
| | - Michael S Goodson
- Air Force Research Laboratory, 711th Human Performance Wing, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - J Philip Karl
- Military Nutrition Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, United States
| | - Samantha Leyh
- Air Force Research Laboratory, 711th Human Performance Wing, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH, United States.,Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Karen L Mumy
- Naval Medical Research Unit Dayton, Environmental Health Effects Laboratory, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Kenneth Racicot
- Soldier Performance Optimization Directorate, U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command - Soldier Center, Natick, MA, United States
| | - Jason W Soares
- Soldier Performance Optimization Directorate, U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command - Soldier Center, Natick, MA, United States
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21
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Poole DC, Copp SW, Colburn TD, Craig JC, Allen DL, Sturek M, O'Leary DS, Zucker IH, Musch TI. Guidelines for animal exercise and training protocols for cardiovascular studies. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 318:H1100-H1138. [PMID: 32196357 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00697.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Whole body exercise tolerance is the consummate example of integrative physiological function among the metabolic, neuromuscular, cardiovascular, and respiratory systems. Depending on the animal selected, the energetic demands and flux through the oxygen transport system can increase two orders of magnitude from rest to maximal exercise. Thus, animal models in health and disease present the scientist with flexible, powerful, and, in some instances, purpose-built tools to explore the mechanistic bases for physiological function and help unveil the causes for pathological or age-related exercise intolerance. Elegant experimental designs and analyses of kinetic parameters and steady-state responses permit acute and chronic exercise paradigms to identify therapeutic targets for drug development in disease and also present the opportunity to test the efficacy of pharmacological and behavioral countermeasures during aging, for example. However, for this promise to be fully realized, the correct or optimal animal model must be selected in conjunction with reproducible tests of physiological function (e.g., exercise capacity and maximal oxygen uptake) that can be compared equitably across laboratories, clinics, and other proving grounds. Rigorously controlled animal exercise and training studies constitute the foundation of translational research. This review presents the most commonly selected animal models with guidelines for their use and obtaining reproducible results and, crucially, translates state-of-the-art techniques and procedures developed on humans to those animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Poole
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas.,Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Steven W Copp
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Trenton D Colburn
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Jesse C Craig
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - David L Allen
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Michael Sturek
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Donal S O'Leary
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Irving H Zucker
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Timothy I Musch
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas.,Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
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22
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Takahashi K, Kitaoka Y, Yamamoto K, Matsunaga Y, Hatta H. Oral Lactate Administration Additively Enhances Endurance Training-Induced Increase in Cytochrome C Oxidase Activity in Mouse Soleus Muscle. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030770. [PMID: 32183387 PMCID: PMC7146285 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that oral lactate supplementation increases mitochondrial enzyme activity given the potential role of lactate for inducing mitochondrial biogenesis. In this study, mice were assigned to a saline-ingested sedentary group (S+S; n = 8), a lactate-ingested sedentary group (L+S; n = 9), a saline-ingested training group (S+T; n = 8), and a lactate-ingested training group (L+T; n = 8). Mice in the S+S and S+T groups received saline, whereas mice in the L+S and L+T groups received sodium lactate (equivalent to 5 g/kg of body weight) via oral gavage 5 days a week for 4 weeks. At 30 min after the ingestion, mice in the S+T and L+T groups performed endurance training (treadmill running, 20 m/min, 30 min, 5 days/week). At 30 min after lactate ingestion, the blood lactate level reached peak value (5.8 ± 0.4 mmol/L) in the L+S group. Immediately after the exercise, blood lactate level was significantly higher in the L+T group (9.3 ± 0.9 mmol/L) than in the S+T group (2.7 ± 0.3 mmol/L) (p < 0.01). Following a 4-week training period, a main effect of endurance training was observed in maximal citrate synthase (CS) (p < 0.01; S+T: 117 ± 3% relative to S+S, L+T: 110 ± 3%) and cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activities (p < 0.01; S+T: 126 ± 4%, L+T: 121 ± 4%) in the plantaris muscle. Similarly, there was a main effect of endurance training in maximal CS (p < 0.01; S+T: 105 ± 3%, L+T: 115 ± 2%) and COX activities (p < 0.01; S+T: 113 ± 3%, L+T: 122 ± 3%) in the soleus muscle. In addition, a main effect of oral lactate ingestion was found in maximal COX activity in the soleus (p < 0.05; L+S: 109 ± 3%, L+T: 122 ± 3%) and heart muscles (p < 0.05; L+S: 107 ± 3%, L+T: 107 ± 2.0%), but not in the plantaris muscle. Our results suggest that lactate supplementation may be beneficial for increasing mitochondrial enzyme activity in oxidative phenotype muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenya Takahashi
- Department of Sports Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan; (K.T.); (K.Y.); (Y.M.)
| | - Yu Kitaoka
- Department of Human Sciences, Kanagawa University, 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 221-8686, Japan;
| | - Ken Yamamoto
- Department of Sports Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan; (K.T.); (K.Y.); (Y.M.)
| | - Yutaka Matsunaga
- Department of Sports Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan; (K.T.); (K.Y.); (Y.M.)
| | - Hideo Hatta
- Department of Sports Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan; (K.T.); (K.Y.); (Y.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-5454-6862
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23
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Brooks GA. Lactate as a fulcrum of metabolism. Redox Biol 2020; 35:101454. [PMID: 32113910 PMCID: PMC7284908 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mistakenly thought to be the consequence of oxygen lack in contracting skeletal muscle we now know that the L-enantiomer of the lactate anion is formed under fully aerobic conditions and is utilized continuously in diverse cells, tissues, organs and at the whole-body level. By shuttling between producer (driver) and consumer (recipient) cells lactate fulfills at least three purposes: 1] a major energy source for mitochondrial respiration; 2] the major gluconeogenic precursor; and 3] a signaling molecule. Working by mass action, cell redox regulation, allosteric binding, and reprogramming of chromatin by lactylation of lysine residues on histones, lactate has major influences in energy substrate partitioning. The physiological range of tissue [lactate] is 0.5–20 mM and the cellular Lactate/Pyruvate ratio (L/P) can range from 10 to >500; these changes during exercise and other stress-strain responses dwarf other metabolic signals in magnitude and span. Hence, lactate dynamics have rapid and major short- and long-term effects on cell redox and other control systems. By inhibiting lipolysis in adipose via HCAR-1, and muscle mitochondrial fatty acid uptake via malonyl-CoA and CPT1, lactate controls energy substrate partitioning. Repeated lactate exposure from regular exercise results in major effects on the expression of regulatory enzymes of glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration. Lactate is the fulcrum of metabolic regulation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A Brooks
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3140, USA.
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24
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Ehrlicher SE, Stierwalt HD, Miller BF, Newsom SA, Robinson MM. Mitochondrial adaptations to exercise do not require Bcl2-mediated autophagy but occur with BNIP3/Parkin activation. FASEB J 2020; 34:4602-4618. [PMID: 32030805 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902594rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms regulating mitochondrial respiratory function and adaptations to metabolic challenges, such as exercise and high dietary fat, is necessary to promote skeletal muscle health and attenuate metabolic disease. Autophagy is a constitutively active degradation pathway that promotes mitochondrial turnover and transiently increases postexercise. Recent evidence indicates Bcl2 mediates exercise-induced autophagy and skeletal muscle adaptions to training during high-fat diet. We determined if improvements in mitochondrial respiration due to exercise training required Bcl2-mediated autophagy using a transgenic mouse model of impaired inducible autophagy (Bcl2AAA ). Mitochondrial adaptations to a treadmill exercise training protocol, in either low-fat or high-fat diet fed mice, did not require Bcl2-mediated autophagy activation. Instead, training increased protein synthesis rates and basal autophagy in the Bcl2AAA mice, while acute exercise activated BNIP3 and Parkin autophagy. High-fat diet stimulated lipid-specific mitochondrial adaptations. These data demonstrate increases in basal mitochondrial turnover, not transient activation with exercise, mediate adaptations to exercise and high-fat diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Ehrlicher
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Harrison D Stierwalt
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Benjamin F Miller
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Sean A Newsom
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Matthew M Robinson
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
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25
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Fodor J, Al-Gaadi D, Czirják T, Oláh T, Dienes B, Csernoch L, Szentesi P. Improved Calcium Homeostasis and Force by Selenium Treatment and Training in Aged Mouse Skeletal Muscle. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1707. [PMID: 32015413 PMCID: PMC6997352 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58500-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During aging reduction in muscle mass (sarcopenia) and decrease in physical activity lead to partial loss of muscle force and increased fatigability. Deficiency in the essential trace element selenium might augment these symptoms as it can cause muscle pain, fatigue, and proximal weakness. Average voluntary daily running, maximal twitch and tetanic force, and calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) decreased while reactive oxygen species (ROS) production associated with tetanic contractions increased in aged – 22-month-old – as compared to young – 4-month-old – mice. These changes were accompanied by a decline in the ryanodine receptor type 1 (RyR1) and Selenoprotein N content and the increased amount of a degraded RyR1. Both lifelong training and selenium supplementation, but not the presence of an increased muscle mass at young age, were able to compensate for the reduction in muscle force and SR calcium release with age. Selenium supplementation was also able to significantly enhance the Selenoprotein N levels in aged mice. Our results describe, for the first time, the beneficial effects of selenium supplementation on calcium release from the SR and muscle force in old age while point out that increased muscle mass does not improve physical performance with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- János Fodor
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Dána Al-Gaadi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tamás Czirják
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tamás Oláh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Beatrix Dienes
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Csernoch
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Péter Szentesi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
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26
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Kramer A. An Overview of the Beneficial Effects of Exercise on Health and Performance. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1228:3-22. [PMID: 32342447 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-1792-1_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Life expectancy is steadily increasing in modern societies, and so are noncommunicable diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, obesity, and cancer, accounting for more than 70% of all deaths globally. The costs associated with these diseases are enormous, but it has been estimated that the majority of these noncommunicable diseases are preventable. In addition to an unhealthy diet, tobacco use, and harmful use of alcohol, physical inactivity is a key risk factor. Consequently, physical activity is a logical remedy, and in this chapter an overview of the numerous beneficial effects of physical activity on health and performance is given.The chapter is divided into three parts: First, the basics of physical activity and exercise are discussed, for instance exercise classification, exercise intensity operationalization, energy supply, and the acute effects of exercise such as blood flow redistribution and increased cardiac output. In the second part, the effects of exercise on physical performance are summarized. Specifically, it is discussed how endurance, strength, power, and balance can be improved. This discussion includes recommendations regarding the type, intensity, and duration of the exercise leading to improvements in one of these aspects of physical performance, as well as the mechanisms causing these adaptations. In the third part, the beneficial effects of physical activity on physical and mental health are outlined, with particular attention to cardiovascular diseases, the metabolic syndrome, musculoskeletal diseases, mood, anxiety, depression, and dementia.It can be concluded that with adequate programming, regular physical activity is an effective way to improve physical performance, improve physical and mental health, and reduce the risk factors for many noncommunicable diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, sarcopenia, osteoporosis, and depression. In contrast to medication, physical exercise has no negative side effects, costs very little, and targets many health issues at once. If the multitude of beneficial effects of regular exercise were to be combined in a single low-cost drug, it would be prescribed for almost all types of physical and mental health issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Kramer
- Sensorimotor Performance Lab, Department of Sport Science, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.
- FG Sports Science, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.
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27
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Donati Zeppa S, Agostini D, Gervasi M, Annibalini G, Amatori S, Ferrini F, Sisti D, Piccoli G, Barbieri E, Sestili P, Stocchi V. Mutual Interactions among Exercise, Sport Supplements and Microbiota. Nutrients 2019; 12:nu12010017. [PMID: 31861755 PMCID: PMC7019274 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The adult gut microbiota contains trillions of microorganisms of thousands of different species. Only one third of gut microbiota are common to most people; the rest are specific and contribute to enhancing genetic variation. Gut microorganisms significantly affect host nutrition, metabolic function, immune system, and redox levels, and may be modulated by several environmental conditions, including physical activity and exercise. Microbiota also act like an endocrine organ and is sensitive to the homeostatic and physiological changes associated with training; in turn, exercise has been demonstrated to increase microbiota diversity, consequently improving the metabolic profile and immunological responses. On the other side, adaptation to exercise might be influenced by the individual gut microbiota that regulates the energetic balance and participates to the control of inflammatory, redox, and hydration status. Intense endurance exercise causes physiological and biochemical demands, and requires adequate measures to counteract oxidative stress, intestinal permeability, electrolyte imbalance, glycogen depletion, frequent upper respiratory tract infections, systemic inflammation and immune responses. Microbiota could be an important tool to improve overall general health, performance, and energy availability while controlling inflammation and redox levels in endurance athletes. The relationship among gut microbiota, general health, training adaptation and performance, along with a focus on sport supplements which are known to exert some influence on the microbiota, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Donati Zeppa
- Correspondence: (D.A.); (S.D.Z.); Tel.: +39-0722-303-423 (D.A.); +39-0722-303-422 (S.D.Z.); Fax: +39-0722-303-401 (D.A. & S.D.Z.)
| | - Deborah Agostini
- Correspondence: (D.A.); (S.D.Z.); Tel.: +39-0722-303-423 (D.A.); +39-0722-303-422 (S.D.Z.); Fax: +39-0722-303-401 (D.A. & S.D.Z.)
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28
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Tung YT, Hsu YJ, Liao CC, Ho ST, Huang CC, Huang WC. Physiological and Biochemical Effects of Intrinsically High and Low Exercise Capacities Through Multiomics Approaches. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1201. [PMID: 31620020 PMCID: PMC6759823 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Regular exercise prevents lipid abnormalities and conditions such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and obesity; it considerably benefits sedentary individuals. However, individuals exhibit highly variable responses to exercise, probably due to genetic variations. Animal models are typically used to investigate the relationship of intrinsic exercise capacity with physiological, pathological, psychological, behavioral, and metabolic disorders. In the present study, we investigated differential physiological adaptations caused by intrinsic exercise capacity and explored the regulatory molecules or mechanisms through multiomics approaches. Outbred ICR mice (n = 100) performed an exhaustive swimming test and were ranked based on the exhaustive swimming time to distinguish intrinsically high- and low-capacity groups. Exercise performance, exercise fatigue indexes, glucose tolerance, and body compositions were assessed during the experimental processes. Furthermore, the gut microbiota, transcriptome, and proteome of soleus muscle with intrinsically high exercise capacity (HEC) and low exercise capacity (LEC) were further analyzed to reveal the most influential factors associated with differential exercise capacities. HEC mice outperformed LEC mice in physical activities (exhaustive swimming and forelimb grip strength tests) and exhibited higher glucose tolerance than LEC mice. Exercise-induced peripheral fatigue and the level of injury biomarkers (lactate, ammonia, creatine kinase, and aspartate aminotransferase) were also significantly lower in HEC mice than in LEC mice. Furthermore, the gut of the HEC mice contained significantly more Butyricicoccus than that of the LEC mice. In addition, transcriptome data of the soleus muscle revealed that the expression of microRNAs that are strongly associated with exercise performance-related physiological and metabolic functions (i.e., miR-383, miR-107, miR-30b, miR-669m, miR-191, miR-218, and miR-224) was higher in HEC mice than in LEC mice. The functional proteome data of soleus muscle indicated that the levels of key proteins related to muscle function and carbohydrate metabolism were also significantly higher in HEC mice than in LEC mice. Our study demonstrated that the mice with various intrinsic exercise capacities have different gut microbiome as well as transcriptome and proteome of soleus muscle by using multiomics approaches. The specific bacteria and regulatory factors, including miRNA and functional proteins, may be highly correlated with the adaptation of physiological functions and exercise capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Tang Tung
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ju Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Chung Liao
- Proteomics Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Tse Ho
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ching Huang
- Department of Exercise and Health Science, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
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29
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Altaye KZ, Mondal S, Legesse K, Abdulkedir M. Effects of aerobic exercise on thyroid hormonal change responses among adolescents with intellectual disabilities. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2019; 5:e000524. [PMID: 31423321 PMCID: PMC6678003 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2019-000524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective We aimed to investigate the impact of a 16-week aerobic exercise programme on the changes in the plasma level concentration of thyroid hormones in adolescents with intellectual disabilities. Methodology Using purposive sampling, a total of 36 adolescents with intellectual disabilities were selected to participate in the study. The training programme consisted of 16 weeks of moderate-intensity aerobic exercises at an intensity of 45–75 hours. These exercises were performed in three sessions a week, and each session took 30–45 min: 10 min warm-up, 15–30 min main aerobic workout and 5 min cool-down exercises. The plasma levels of triiodothyronine (T3) and tetraiodothyronine (T4) and of thyroid stimulating hormone were measured before and after 16 weeks of aerobic exercise intervention. Results After 16 weeks of intervention, a significant change was observed in the plasma level concentration of thyroid (T3 and T4) and thyroid stimulating hormones (p<0.05) in the group treated with aerobic exercise. Conclusion We concluded that aerobic exercise had an impact on the change in the plasma level concentration of thyroid and thyroid stimulating hormones in adolescents with intellectual disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Soumitra Mondal
- Department of Sport Science, Mekelle University College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Kesatie Legesse
- Department of Sport Science, Mekelle University College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Mahmud Abdulkedir
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
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30
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Di Meo S, Napolitano G, Venditti P. Mediators of Physical Activity Protection against ROS-Linked Skeletal Muscle Damage. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3024. [PMID: 31226872 PMCID: PMC6627449 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20123024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Unaccustomed and/or exhaustive exercise generates excessive free radicals and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species leading to muscle oxidative stress-related damage and impaired contractility. Conversely, a moderate level of free radicals induces the body's adaptive responses. Thus, a low oxidant level in resting muscle is essential for normal force production, and the production of oxidants during each session of physical training increases the body's antioxidant defenses. Mitochondria, NADPH oxidases and xanthine oxidases have been identified as sources of free radicals during muscle contraction, but the exact mechanisms underlying exercise-induced harmful or beneficial effects yet remain elusive. However, it is clear that redox signaling influences numerous transcriptional activators, which regulate the expression of genes involved in changes in muscle phenotype. The mitogen-activated protein kinase family is one of the main links between cellular oxidant levels and skeletal muscle adaptation. The family components phosphorylate and modulate the activities of hundreds of substrates, including transcription factors involved in cell response to oxidative stress elicited by exercise in skeletal muscle. To elucidate the complex role of ROS in exercise, here we reviewed the literature dealing on sources of ROS production and concerning the most important redox signaling pathways, including MAPKs that are involved in the responses to acute and chronic exercise in the muscle, particularly those involved in the induction of antioxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Di Meo
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Gaetana Napolitano
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi di Napoli Parthenope, via Acton n. 38-I-80133 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Paola Venditti
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy.
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Davies KJA, Forman HJ. Does Bach1 & c-Myc dependent redox dysregulation of Nrf2 & adaptive homeostasis decrease cancer risk in ageing? Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 134:708-714. [PMID: 30695691 PMCID: PMC6588462 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The Keap1-Nrf2 signal transduction pathway plays a major role in oxidant and electrophile induction of adaptive homeostasis that transiently and reversibly increases cellular and organismal protection from stress. By expanding (and then contracting) the normal homeostatic range of expression of stress-protective genes, Nrf2 allows us to cope with fluctuations in stress levels. Two major inhibitors of Nrf2 are Bach1 and c-Myc which normally serve the important function of turning off adaptation when appropriate. We have found, however, that both Bach1 and c-Myc levels increase substantially with age and that older human cells, worms, flies, and mice loose Nrf2-dependent signaling and adaptive homeostasis. Nrf2 has also been linked with increased risk of cancers, and cancer incidence certainly increases with age. Here we propose that the age-dependent increase in Bach1 and c-Myc may actually cause the age-dependent decline in Nrf2 signaling and adaptive homeostasis, and that this is a coordinated attempt to minimize the age-dependent increase in cancer incidence. In other words, we may trade off adaptive homeostasis for a lower risk of cancer by increasing Bach1 and c-Myc in ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin J A Davies
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology of the Ethel Percy Andrus gerontology Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-0191, USA; Division of Molecular & Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences of the College of Letters, Arts & Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA.
| | - Henry Jay Forman
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology of the Ethel Percy Andrus gerontology Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-0191, USA
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Lubkowska A, Bryczkowska I, Gutowska I, Rotter I, Marczuk N, Baranowska-Bosiacka I, Banfi G. The Effects of Swimming Training in Cold Water on Antioxidant Enzyme Activity and Lipid Peroxidation in Erythrocytes of Male and Female Aged Rats. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16040647. [PMID: 30813224 PMCID: PMC6406484 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16040647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to verify whether eight-week-long swimming exercise training would evaluate the level of selected indicators of the pro-oxidant/antioxidant status in response to cold water in comparison with swimming under thermoneutral conditions in sedentary male and female elderly rats. The exercise-trained groups swam four min/day and five days a week during eight weeks of housing. Exercise was performed by swimming in glass tanks containing tap water maintained according to group at 5 °C and 36 °C. At the end of treatment (48 h after the last session), all rats were anaesthetized. The level of chosen biomarkers of oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme activity was determined in the red blood cells and plasma. The results of study show that female rats seem to be better adapted to changing thermal conditions of the environment, developing not only morphological, but also antioxidant, defense mechanisms, mainly in the form of increased erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and glutathione (GSH) concentration to restore the pro-oxidant/oxidant balance of the organism. Significantly higher concentrations of GSH were observed in the female rats of the group swimming in cold water (by 15.4% compared to the control group and by 20.5% in relation to the group of female rats swimming at 36 °C). In the group exposed to swimming training exercise in cold water, a significantly higher activity of SOD1 (by 13.4%) was found compared to the control group. On the other hand, the organs of ageing male rats show a reduced capacity to increase the metabolic response to low temperatures compared to female ones. In addition, it was demonstrated that cold exposure leads to an increase in lipid peroxidation in tissues. On the other hand, the repeated exposure to low levels of oxidative stress may result in some adaptive changes in organisms that help them to resist stress-induced damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lubkowska
- Department of Functional Diagnostics and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin; Żołnierska 54, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Iwona Bryczkowska
- Department of Functional Diagnostics and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin; Żołnierska 54, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Izabela Gutowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin; Broniewskiego 24, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Iwona Rotter
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Żołnierska 54, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Natalia Marczuk
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine with English Language Teaching Department, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin; Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Irena Baranowska-Bosiacka
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine with English Language Teaching Department, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin; Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Giuseppe Banfi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via Riccardo Galeazzi, 4, 20161 Milano, Italy.
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina Milano, 58, 20132 Milano, Italy.
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Radak Z, Torma F, Berkes I, Goto S, Mimura T, Posa A, Balogh L, Boldogh I, Suzuki K, Higuchi M, Koltai E. Exercise effects on physiological function during aging. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 132:33-41. [PMID: 30389495 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.10.444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The decrease in cognitive/motor functions and physical abilities severely affects the aging population in carrying out daily activities. These disabilities become a burden on individuals, families and society in general. It is known that aging conditions are ameliorated with regular exercise, which attenuates the age-associated decline in maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), decreases in oxidative damage to molecules, and functional impairment in various organs. While benefits of physical exercise are well-documented, the molecular mechanisms responsible for functional improvement and increases in health span are not well understood. Recent findings imply that exercise training attenuates the age-related deterioration in the cellular housekeeping system, which includes the proteasome, Lon protease, autophagy, mitophagy, and DNA repair systems, which beneficially impacts multiple organ functions. Accumulating evidence suggests that exercise lessens the deleterious effects of aging. However, it seems unlikely that systemic effects are mediated through a specific biomarker. Rather, complex multifactorial mechanisms are involved to maintain homeostatic functions that tend to decline with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Radak
- Research Institute of Sport Science, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary; Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Ferenc Torma
- Research Institute of Sport Science, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Istvan Berkes
- Research Institute of Sport Science, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sataro Goto
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan, Hungary
| | - Tatsuya Mimura
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Osaka Sangyo University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Aniko Posa
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Laszlo Balogh
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Istvan Boldogh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Katsuhiko Suzuki
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Higuchi
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Erika Koltai
- Research Institute of Sport Science, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
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Arribat Y, Broskey NT, Greggio C, Boutant M, Conde Alonso S, Kulkarni SS, Lagarrigue S, Carnero EA, Besson C, Cantó C, Amati F. Distinct patterns of skeletal muscle mitochondria fusion, fission and mitophagy upon duration of exercise training. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2019; 225:e13179. [PMID: 30144291 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM Healthy ageing interventions encompass regular exercise to prevent mitochondrial dysfunction, key player in sarcopenia pathogenesis. Mitochondrial biogenesis has been well documented, but mitochondrial remodelling in response to exercise training is poorly understood. Here we investigated fusion, fission and mitophagy before and after an exercise intervention in older adults. METHODS Skeletal muscle biopsies were collected from 22 healthy sedentary men and women before and after 4 months of supervised training. Eight lifelong trained age- and gender-matched volunteers served as positive controls. Transmission electron microscopy was used to estimate mitochondrial content. Western blotting and qRT-PCR were used to detect changes in specific proteins and transcripts. RESULTS After intervention, mitochondrial content increased to levels of controls. While enhancement of fusion was prevalent after intervention, inhibition of fission and increased mitophagy were dominant in controls. Similarly to PARKIN, BCL2L13 content was higher in controls. The observed molecular adaptations paralleled long-term effects of training on physical fitness, exercise efficiency and oxidative capacity. CONCLUSIONS This study describes distinct patterns of molecular adaptations in human skeletal muscle under chronic exercise training. After 16 weeks of exercise, the pattern was dominated by fusion to increase mitochondrial content to the metabolic demands of exercise. In lifelong exercise, the pattern was dominated by mitophagy synchronized with increased fusion and decreased fission, indicating an increased mitochondrial turnover. In addition to these temporally distinct adaptive mechanisms, this study suggests for the first time a specific role of BCL2L13 in chronic exercise that requires constant maintenance of mitochondrial quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoan Arribat
- Aging and Muscle Metabolism Lab; Department of Physiology; University of Lausanne; Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Nicholas T. Broskey
- Aging and Muscle Metabolism Lab; Department of Physiology; University of Lausanne; Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Chiara Greggio
- Aging and Muscle Metabolism Lab; Department of Physiology; University of Lausanne; Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Marie Boutant
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences; Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Sonia Conde Alonso
- Aging and Muscle Metabolism Lab; Department of Physiology; University of Lausanne; Lausanne Switzerland
| | | | - Sylviane Lagarrigue
- Aging and Muscle Metabolism Lab; Department of Physiology; University of Lausanne; Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Elvis A. Carnero
- Aging and Muscle Metabolism Lab; Department of Physiology; University of Lausanne; Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Cyril Besson
- Sport Medicine Unit; University Hospital (CHUV); Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Carles Cantó
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences; Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Francesca Amati
- Aging and Muscle Metabolism Lab; Department of Physiology; University of Lausanne; Lausanne Switzerland
- Sport Medicine Unit; University Hospital (CHUV); Lausanne Switzerland
- Institute of Sports Sciences (ISSUL); University of Lausanne; Lausanne Switzerland
- Department of Medicine; Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism; University Hospital (CHUV); Lausanne Switzerland
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Popov DV. Adaptation of Skeletal Muscles to Contractile Activity of Varying Duration and Intensity: The Role of PGC-1α. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2018; 83:613-628. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297918060019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Abstract
Adaptive Homeostasis has been defined as, "The transient expansion or contraction of the homeostatic range in response to exposure to sub-toxic, non-damaging, signaling molecules or events, or the removal or cessation of such molecules or events." (Davies, 2016). I propose that one of the most significant examples of adaptive homeostasis may be the adaptation of the cardiovascular system to exercise training. In particular, endurance type training involves the generation of increased levels of free radicals such as ubisemiquinone, superoxide, nitric oxide, and other (non-radical) reactive oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), in a repetitive manner, typically several times per week. As long as the training intensity and duration are sub-maximal and not exhaustive these reactive species do not cause damage, but rather activate signal transduction pathways to induce mitochondrial biogenesis-the foundation of increased exercise endurance. Particularly important are the NFκB and Nrf2 signal transduction pathways which respond to reactive oxygen and nitrogen species generated during exercise. As with other examples of adaptive homeostasis the effects are transient, lasting only as long as the training is maintained. Unfortunately, the ability to adapt to exercise training declines with age, perhaps as a result of impaired Nrf2 and NFκB signaling, as does adaptive homeostasis capacity in general. Since this is an Hypothesis/Theory Paper and not a review, I have not tried to provide a comprehensive discussion of all the literature relating to exercise adaptation and the cardiovascular system. Rather, I have attempted to develop the Hypothesis or Theory that adaptive homeostasis is the foundation for adaptation of the cardiovascular system to exercise training, largely based on work from my own laboratory, that of close collaborators, and that of key contributors over a period of almost 40 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin J. A. Davies
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology of the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Molecular and Computational Biology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, USC Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Gollie JM. Fatigability during volitional walking in incomplete spinal cord injury: cardiorespiratory and motor performance considerations. Neural Regen Res 2018; 13:786-790. [PMID: 29862998 PMCID: PMC5998625 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.232461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatigability describes the decline in force production (i.e., performance fatigability) and/or changes in sensations regulating performance (i.e., perceived fatigability) during whole-body activity and poses a major challenge to those living with spinal cord injuries (SCI). After SCI, the inability to overcome disruptions to metabolic homeostasis due to cardiorespiratory limitations and physical deconditioning may contribute to increased fatigability severity. The increased susceptibility to fatigability may have implications for motor control strategies and motor learning. Locomotor training approaches designed to reduce fatigability and enhance aerobic capacity in combination with motor learning may be advantageous for promoting functional recovery after SCI. Future research is required to advance the understanding of the relationship between fatigability, cardiorespiratory function and motor performance following SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared M. Gollie
- Muscle Morphology, Mechanics and Performance Laboratory, Clinical Research Center-Human Performance Research Unit, Veteran Affairs Medical Center Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Health, Human Function, and Rehabilitation Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
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The Science and Translation of Lactate Shuttle Theory. Cell Metab 2018; 27:757-785. [PMID: 29617642 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 618] [Impact Index Per Article: 103.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Once thought to be a waste product of anaerobic metabolism, lactate is now known to form continuously under aerobic conditions. Shuttling between producer and consumer cells fulfills at least three purposes for lactate: (1) a major energy source, (2) the major gluconeogenic precursor, and (3) a signaling molecule. "Lactate shuttle" (LS) concepts describe the roles of lactate in delivery of oxidative and gluconeogenic substrates as well as in cell signaling. In medicine, it has long been recognized that the elevation of blood lactate correlates with illness or injury severity. However, with lactate shuttle theory in mind, some clinicians are now appreciating lactatemia as a "strain" and not a "stress" biomarker. In fact, clinical studies are utilizing lactate to treat pro-inflammatory conditions and to deliver optimal fuel for working muscles in sports medicine. The above, as well as historic and recent studies of lactate metabolism and shuttling, are discussed in the following review.
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Chen CCW, Erlich AT, Hood DA. Role of Parkin and endurance training on mitochondrial turnover in skeletal muscle. Skelet Muscle 2018; 8:10. [PMID: 29549884 PMCID: PMC5857114 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-018-0157-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Parkin is a ubiquitin ligase that is involved in the selective removal of dysfunctional mitochondria. This process is termed mitophagy and can assist in mitochondrial quality control. Endurance training can produce adaptations in skeletal muscle toward a more oxidative phenotype, an outcome of enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis. It remains unknown whether Parkin-mediated mitophagy is involved in training-induced increases in mitochondrial content and function. Our purpose was to determine a role for Parkin in maintaining mitochondrial turnover in muscle, and its requirement in mediating mitochondrial biogenesis following endurance exercise training. Methods Wild-type and Parkin knockout (KO) mice were trained for 6 weeks and then treated with colchicine or vehicle to evaluate the role of Parkin in mediating changes in mitochondrial content, function and acute exercise-induced mitophagy flux. Results Our results indicate that Parkin is required for the basal maintenance of mitochondrial function. The absence of Parkin did not significantly alter mitophagy basally; however, acute exercise produced an elevation in mitophagy flux, a response that was Parkin-dependent. Mitochondrial content was increased following training in both genotypes, but this occurred without an induction of PGC-1α signaling in KO animals. Interestingly, the increased muscle mitochondrial content in response to training did not influence basal mitophagy flux, despite an enhanced expression and localization of Parkin to mitochondria in WT animals. Furthermore, exercise-induced mitophagy flux was attenuated with training in WT animals, suggesting a lower rate of mitochondrial degradation resulting from improved organelle quality with training. In contrast, training led to a higher mitochondrial content, but with persistent dysfunction, in KO animals. Thus, the lack of a rescue of mitochondrial dysfunction with training in the absence of Parkin is the likely reason for the impaired training-induced attenuation of mitophagy flux compared to WT animals. Conclusions Our study demonstrates that Parkin is required for exercise-induced mitophagy flux. Exercise-induced mitophagy is reduced with training in muscle, likely due to attenuated signaling consequent to increased mitochondrial content and quality. Our data suggest that Parkin is essential for the maintenance of basal mitochondrial function, as well as for the accumulation of normally functioning mitochondria as a result of training adaptations in muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Chin Wah Chen
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3, Canada.,Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Avigail T Erlich
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3, Canada.,Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - David A Hood
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3, Canada. .,Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3, Canada.
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Pomatto LCD, Davies KJA. The role of declining adaptive homeostasis in ageing. J Physiol 2017; 595:7275-7309. [PMID: 29028112 PMCID: PMC5730851 DOI: 10.1113/jp275072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptive homeostasis is "the transient expansion or contraction of the homeostatic range for any given physiological parameter in response to exposure to sub-toxic, non-damaging, signalling molecules or events, or the removal or cessation of such molecules or events" (Davies, 2016). Adaptive homeostasis enables biological systems to make continuous short-term adjustments for optimal functioning despite ever-changing internal and external environments. Initiation of adaptation in response to an appropriate signal allows organisms to successfully cope with much greater, normally toxic, stresses. These short-term responses are initiated following effective signals, including hypoxia, cold shock, heat shock, oxidative stress, exercise-induced adaptation, caloric restriction, osmotic stress, mechanical stress, immune response, and even emotional stress. There is now substantial literature detailing a decline in adaptive homeostasis that, unfortunately, appears to manifest with ageing, especially in the last third of the lifespan. In this review, we present the hypothesis that one hallmark of the ageing process is a significant decline in adaptive homeostasis capacity. We discuss the mechanistic importance of diminished capacity for short-term (reversible) adaptive responses (both biochemical and signal transduction/gene expression-based) to changing internal and external conditions, for short-term survival and for lifespan and healthspan. Studies of cultured mammalian cells, worms, flies, rodents, simians, apes, and even humans, all indicate declining adaptive homeostasis as a potential contributor to age-dependent senescence, increased risk of disease, and even mortality. Emerging work points to Nrf2-Keap1 signal transduction pathway inhibitors, including Bach1 and c-Myc, both of whose tissue concentrations increase with age, as possible major causes for age-dependent loss of adaptive homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C. D. Pomatto
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology of the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology CenterUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90089USA
| | - Kelvin J. A. Davies
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology of the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology CenterUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90089USA
- Molecular and Computational Biology Program, Department of Biological Sciences of the Dornsife College of LettersArts & Sciences: the University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90089‐0191USA
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Di Meo S, Iossa S, Venditti P. Improvement of obesity-linked skeletal muscle insulin resistance by strength and endurance training. J Endocrinol 2017; 234:R159-R181. [PMID: 28778962 DOI: 10.1530/joe-17-0186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Obesity-linked insulin resistance is mainly due to fatty acid overload in non-adipose tissues, particularly skeletal muscle and liver, where it results in high production of reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial dysfunction. Accumulating evidence indicates that resistance and endurance training alone and in combination can counteract the harmful effects of obesity increasing insulin sensitivity, thus preventing diabetes. This review focuses the mechanisms underlying the exercise role in opposing skeletal muscle insulin resistance-linked metabolic dysfunction. It is apparent that exercise acts through two mechanisms: (1) it stimulates glucose transport by activating an insulin-independent pathway and (2) it protects against mitochondrial dysfunction-induced insulin resistance by increasing muscle antioxidant defenses and mitochondrial biogenesis. However, antioxidant supplementation combined with endurance training increases glucose transport in insulin-resistant skeletal muscle in an additive fashion only when antioxidants that are able to increase the expression of antioxidant enzymes and/or the activity of components of the insulin signaling pathway are used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Di Meo
- Dipartimento di BiologiaUniversità di Napoli 'Federico II', Napoli, Italy
| | - Susanna Iossa
- Dipartimento di BiologiaUniversità di Napoli 'Federico II', Napoli, Italy
| | - Paola Venditti
- Dipartimento di BiologiaUniversità di Napoli 'Federico II', Napoli, Italy
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42
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San-Millán I, Brooks GA. Reexamining cancer metabolism: lactate production for carcinogenesis could be the purpose and explanation of the Warburg Effect. Carcinogenesis 2017; 38:119-133. [PMID: 27993896 PMCID: PMC5862360 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgw127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we use lessons learned in exercise physiology and metabolism to propose that augmented lactate production (‘lactagenesis’), initiated by gene mutations, is the reason and purpose of the Warburg Effect and that dysregulated lactate metabolism and signaling are the key elements in carcinogenesis. Lactate-producing (‘lactagenic’) cancer cells are characterized by increased aerobic glycolysis and excessive lactate formation, a phenomenon described by Otto Warburg 93 years ago, which still remains unexplained. After a hiatus of several decades, interest in lactate as a player in cancer has been renewed. In normal physiology, lactate, the obligatory product of glycolysis, is an important metabolic fuel energy source, the most important gluconeogenic precursor, and a signaling molecule (i.e. a ‘lactormone’) with major regulatory properties. In lactagenic cancers, oncogenes and tumor suppressor mutations behave in a highly orchestrated manner, apparently with the purpose of increasing glucose utilization for lactagenesis purposes and lactate exchange between, within and among cells. Five main steps are identified (i) increased glucose uptake, (ii) increased glycolytic enzyme expression and activity, (iii) decreased mitochondrial function, (iv) increased lactate production, accumulation and release and (v) upregulation of monocarboxylate transporters MTC1 and MCT4 for lactate exchange. Lactate is probably the only metabolic compound involved and necessary in all main sequela for carcinogenesis, specifically: angiogenesis, immune escape, cell migration, metastasis and self-sufficient metabolism. We hypothesize that lactagenesis for carcinogenesis is the explanation and purpose of the Warburg Effect. Accordingly, therapies to limit lactate exchange and signaling within and among cancer cells should be priorities for discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iñigo San-Millán
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Physiology Laboratory, CU Sports Medicine and Performance Center, Boulder, CO 80309, USA and
| | - George A Brooks
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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San-Millán I, Brooks GA. Assessment of Metabolic Flexibility by Means of Measuring Blood Lactate, Fat, and Carbohydrate Oxidation Responses to Exercise in Professional Endurance Athletes and Less-Fit Individuals. Sports Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40279-017-0751-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kaczor JJ, Robertshaw HA, Tarnopolsky MA. Higher oxidative stress in skeletal muscle of McArdle disease patients. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2017. [PMID: 28649515 PMCID: PMC5470535 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
McArdle disease (MCD) is an autosomal recessive condition resulting from skeletal muscle glycogen phosphorylase deficiency. The resultant block in glycogenolysis leads to an increased flux through the xanthine oxidase pathway (myogenic hyperuricemia) and could lead to an increase in oxidative stress. We examined markers of oxidative stress (8-isoprostane and protein carbonyls), NAD(P)H-oxidase, xanthine oxidase and antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase) activity in skeletal muscle of MCD patients (N = 12) and controls (N = 12). Eight-isoprostanes and protein carbonyls were higher in MCD patients as compared to controls (p < 0.05). There was a compensatory up-regulation of catalase protein content and activity (p < 0.05), mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) protein content (p < 0.01) and activity (p < 0.05) in MCD patients, yet this increase was not sufficient to protect the muscle against elevated oxidative damage. These results suggest that oxidative stress in McArdle patients occurs and future studies should evaluate a potential role for oxidative stress contributing to acute pathology (rhabdomyolysis) and possibly later onset fixed myopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan J Kaczor
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada.,Department of Neurobiology of Muscle, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Holly A Robertshaw
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Mark A Tarnopolsky
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
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45
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Mach N, Fuster-Botella D. Endurance exercise and gut microbiota: A review. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2017; 6:179-197. [PMID: 30356594 PMCID: PMC6188999 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The physiological and biochemical demands of intense exercise elicit both muscle-based and systemic responses. The main adaptations to endurance exercise include the correction of electrolyte imbalance, a decrease in glycogen storage and the increase of oxidative stress, intestinal permeability, muscle damage, and systemic inflammatory response. Adaptations to exercise might be influenced by the gut microbiota, which plays an important role in the production, storage, and expenditure of energy obtained from the diet as well as in inflammation, redox reactions, and hydration status. METHODS A systematic and comprehensive search of electronic databases, including MEDLINE, Scopus, ClinicalTrials.gov, ScienceDirect, Springer Link, and EMBASE was done. The search process was completed using the keywords: "endurance", "exercise", "immune response", "microbiota", "nutrition", and "probiotics". RESULTS Reviewed literature supports the hypothesis that intestinal microbiota might be able to provide a measureable, effective marker of an athlete's immune function and that microbial composition analysis might also be sensitive enough to detect exercise-induced stress and metabolic disorders. The review also supports the hypothesis that modifying the microbiota through the use of probiotics could be an important therapeutic tool to improve athletes' overall general health, performance, and energy availability while controlling inflammation and redox levels. CONCLUSION The present review provides a comprehensive overview of how gut microbiota may have a key role in controlling the oxidative stress and inflammatory responses as well as improving metabolism and energy expenditure during intense exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Mach
- Health Science Department, International Graduate Institute of the Open University of Catalonia (UOC), Barcelona 08035, Spain
- Animal Genetics and Integrative Biology unit (GABI), INRA, AgroParis Tech, University of Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas 78350, France
- Corresponding author.
| | - Dolors Fuster-Botella
- Health Science Department, International Graduate Institute of the Open University of Catalonia (UOC), Barcelona 08035, Spain
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46
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Nielsen J, Gejl KD, Hey‐Mogensen M, Holmberg H, Suetta C, Krustrup P, Elemans CPH, Ørtenblad N. Plasticity in mitochondrial cristae density allows metabolic capacity modulation in human skeletal muscle. J Physiol 2017; 595:2839-2847. [PMID: 27696420 PMCID: PMC5407961 DOI: 10.1113/jp273040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS In human skeletal muscles, the current view is that the capacity for mitochondrial energy production, and thus endurance capacity, is set by the mitochondria volume. However, increasing the mitochondrial inner membrane surface comprises an alternative mechanism for increasing the energy production capacity. In the present study, we show that mitochondrial inner membranes in leg muscles of endurance-trained athletes have an increased ratio of surface per mitochondrial volume. We show a positive correlation between this ratio and whole body oxygen uptake and muscle fibre mitochondrial content. The results obtained in the present study help us to understand modulation of mitochondrial function, as well as how mitochondria can increase their oxidative capacity with increased demand. ABSTRACT Mitochondrial energy production involves the movement of protons down a large electrochemical gradient via ATP synthase located on the folded inner membrane, known as cristae. In mammalian skeletal muscle, the density of cristae in mitochondria is assumed to be constant. However, recent experimental studies have shown that respiration per mitochondria varies. Modelling studies have hypothesized that this variation in respiration per mitochondria depends on plasticity in cristae density, although current evidence for such a mechanism is lacking. In the present study, we confirm this hypothesis by showing that, in human skeletal muscle, and in contrast to the current view, the mitochondrial cristae density is not constant but, instead, exhibits plasticity with long-term endurance training. Furthermore, we show that frequently recruited mitochondria-enriched fibres have significantly increased cristae density and that, at the whole-body level, muscle mitochondrial cristae density is a better predictor of maximal oxygen uptake rate than muscle mitochondrial volume. Our findings establish an elevating mitochondrial cristae density as a regulatory mechanism for increasing metabolic power in human skeletal muscle. We propose that this mechanism allows evasion of the trade-off between cell occupancy by mitochondria and other cellular constituents, as well as improved metabolic capacity and fuel catabolism during prolonged elevated energy requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Nielsen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical BiomechanicsSDU Muscle Research Cluster, University of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
- Department of PathologySDU Muscle Research ClusterOdense University HospitalOdenseDenmark
| | - Kasper D. Gejl
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical BiomechanicsSDU Muscle Research Cluster, University of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | - Martin Hey‐Mogensen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical BiomechanicsSDU Muscle Research Cluster, University of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | - Hans‐Christer Holmberg
- Swedish Winter Sports Research CentreDepartment of Health SciencesMid Sweden UniversityÖstersundSweden
| | - Charlotte Suetta
- Department of Clinical PhysiologyNuclear Medicine & PETRigshospitaletUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Peter Krustrup
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical BiomechanicsSDU Muscle Research Cluster, University of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
- Sport and Health SciencesCollege of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of ExeterExeterUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Niels Ørtenblad
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical BiomechanicsSDU Muscle Research Cluster, University of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
- Swedish Winter Sports Research CentreDepartment of Health SciencesMid Sweden UniversityÖstersundSweden
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47
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Koltai E, Bori Z, Chabert C, Dubouchaud H, Naito H, Machida S, Davies KJ, Murlasits Z, Fry AC, Boldogh I, Radak Z. SIRT1 may play a crucial role in overload-induced hypertrophy of skeletal muscle. J Physiol 2017; 595:3361-3376. [PMID: 28251652 PMCID: PMC5451718 DOI: 10.1113/jp273774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Silent mating type information regulation 2 homologue 1 (SIRT1) activity and content increased significantly in overload-induced hypertrophy. SIRT1-mediated signalling through Akt, the endothelial nitric oxide synthase mediated pathway, regulates anabolic process in the hypertrophy of skeletal muscle. The regulation of catabolic signalling via forkhead box O 1 and protein ubiquitination is SIRT1 dependent. Overload-induced changes in microRNA levels regulate SIRT1 and insulin-like growth factor 1 signalling. ABSTRACT Significant skeletal muscle mass guarantees functional wellbeing and is important for high level performance in many sports. Although the molecular mechanism for skeletal muscle hypertrophy has been well studied, it still is not completely understood. In the present study, we used a functional overload model to induce plantaris muscle hypertrophy by surgically removing the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles in rats. Two weeks of muscle ablation resulted in a 40% increase in muscle mass, which was associated with a significant increase in silent mating type information regulation 2 homologue 1 (SIRT1) content and activity (P < 0.001). SIRT1-regulated Akt, endothelial nitric oxide synthase and GLUT4 levels were also induced in hypertrophied muscles, and SIRT1 levels correlated with muscle mass, paired box protein 7 (Pax7), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt) levels. Alternatively, decreased forkhead box O 1 (FOXO1) and increased K48 polyubiquitination also suggest that SIRT1 could be involved in the catabolic process of hypertrophy. Furthermore, increased levels of K63 and muscle RING finger 2 (MuRF2) protein could also be important enhancers of muscle mass. We report here that the levels of miR1 and miR133a decrease in hypertrophy and negatively correlate with muscle mass, SIRT1 and Nampt levels. Our results reveal a strong correlation between SIRT1 levels and activity, SIRT1-regulated pathways and overload-induced hypertrophy. These findings, along with the well-known regulatory roles that SIRT1 plays in modulating both anabolic and catabolic pathways, allow us to propose the hypothesis that SIRT1 may actually play a crucial causal role in overload-induced hypertrophy of skeletal muscle. This hypothesis will now require rigorous direct and functional testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Koltai
- Research Institute of Sport Science, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Bori
- Research Institute of Sport Science, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Clovis Chabert
- Université Joseph Fourier, Laboratoire de Bioénergétique Fondamentale et Appliquée, Grenoble Cedex, 0938041, France
| | - Hervé Dubouchaud
- Université Joseph Fourier, Laboratoire de Bioénergétique Fondamentale et Appliquée, Grenoble Cedex, 0938041, France
| | - Hisashi Naito
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Graduate School of Health and Sports Science & Medicine, Juntendo University, Japan
| | - Shuichi Machida
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Graduate School of Health and Sports Science & Medicine, Juntendo University, Japan
| | - Kelvin Ja Davies
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Centre of the Leonard Davis School of Gerontology; and Division of Molecular & Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, of the Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-0191, USA
| | | | - Andrew C Fry
- Osness Human Performance Laboratories, Department of Health, Sport, and Exercise Sciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | - Istvan Boldogh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Zsolt Radak
- Research Institute of Sport Science, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary.,Institute of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
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48
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Mach N, Ramayo-Caldas Y, Clark A, Moroldo M, Robert C, Barrey E, López JM, Le Moyec L. Understanding the response to endurance exercise using a systems biology approach: combining blood metabolomics, transcriptomics and miRNomics in horses. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:187. [PMID: 28212624 PMCID: PMC5316211 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3571-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Endurance exercise in horses requires adaptive processes involving physiological, biochemical, and cognitive-behavioral responses in an attempt to regain homeostasis. We hypothesized that the identification of the relationships between blood metabolome, transcriptome, and miRNome during endurance exercise in horses could provide significant insights into the molecular response to endurance exercise. For this reason, the serum metabolome and whole-blood transcriptome and miRNome data were obtained from ten horses before and after a 160 km endurance competition. Results We obtained a global regulatory network based on 11 unique metabolites, 263 metabolic genes and 5 miRNAs whose expression was significantly altered at T1 (post- endurance competition) relative to T0 (baseline, pre-endurance competition). This network provided new insights into the cross talk between the distinct molecular pathways (e.g. energy and oxygen sensing, oxidative stress, and inflammation) that were not detectable when analyzing single metabolites or transcripts alone. Single metabolites and transcripts were carrying out multiple roles and thus sharing several biochemical pathways. Using a regulatory impact factor metric analysis, this regulatory network was further confirmed at the transcription factor and miRNA levels. In an extended cohort of 31 independent animals, multiple factor analysis confirmed the strong associations between lactate, methylene derivatives, miR-21-5p, miR-16-5p, let-7 family and genes that coded proteins involved in metabolic reactions primarily related to energy, ubiquitin proteasome and lipopolysaccharide immune responses after the endurance competition. Multiple factor analysis also identified potential biomarkers at T0 for an increased likelihood for failure to finish an endurance competition. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to provide a comprehensive and integrated overview of the metabolome, transcriptome, and miRNome co-regulatory networks that may have a key role in regulating the metabolic and immune response to endurance exercise in horses. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-017-3571-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Mach
- Animal Genetics and Integrative Biology unit (GABI), INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - Yuliaxis Ramayo-Caldas
- Animal Genetics and Integrative Biology unit (GABI), INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Allison Clark
- Health Science Department, Open University of Catalonia (UOC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marco Moroldo
- Animal Genetics and Integrative Biology unit (GABI), INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Céline Robert
- Animal Genetics and Integrative Biology unit (GABI), INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,Paris-Est University, National Veterinary School of Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Eric Barrey
- Animal Genetics and Integrative Biology unit (GABI), INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Jesús Maria López
- Health Science Department, Open University of Catalonia (UOC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laurence Le Moyec
- Integrative Biology of Exercise Adaptations unit, UBIAE, EA7362, Evry Val d'Essone University, Evry, France
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49
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Greggio C, Jha P, Kulkarni SS, Lagarrigue S, Broskey NT, Boutant M, Wang X, Conde Alonso S, Ofori E, Auwerx J, Cantó C, Amati F. Enhanced Respiratory Chain Supercomplex Formation in Response to Exercise in Human Skeletal Muscle. Cell Metab 2017; 25:301-311. [PMID: 27916530 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of multiple metabolic complications. Physical activity is known to increase mitochondrial content in skeletal muscle, counteracting age-related decline in muscle function and protecting against metabolic and cardiovascular complications. Here, we investigated the effect of 4 months of exercise training on skeletal muscle mitochondria electron transport chain complexes and supercomplexes in 26 healthy, sedentary older adults. Exercise differentially modulated respiratory complexes. Complex I was the most upregulated complex and not stoichiometrically associated to the other complexes. In contrast to the other complexes, complex I was almost exclusively found assembled in supercomplexes in muscle mitochondria. Overall, supercomplex content was increased after exercise. In particular, complexes I, III, and IV were redistributed to supercomplexes in the form of I+III2+IV. Taken together, our results provide the first evidence that exercise affects the stoichiometry of supercomplex formation in humans and thus reveal a novel adaptive mechanism for increased energy demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Greggio
- Aging and Muscle Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland
| | - Pooja Jha
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | | | - Sylviane Lagarrigue
- Aging and Muscle Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas T Broskey
- Aging and Muscle Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland
| | - Marie Boutant
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Xu Wang
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Sonia Conde Alonso
- Aging and Muscle Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland; Institute of Sports Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Ofori
- Aging and Muscle Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland.
| | - Carles Cantó
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland.
| | - Francesca Amati
- Aging and Muscle Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland; Institute of Sports Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland; Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland.
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50
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Bernard K, Logsdon NJ, Miguel V, Benavides GA, Zhang J, Carter AB, Darley-Usmar VM, Thannickal VJ. NADPH Oxidase 4 (Nox4) Suppresses Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Bioenergetics in Lung Fibroblasts via a Nuclear Factor Erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (Nrf2)-dependent Pathway. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:3029-3038. [PMID: 28049732 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.752261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial bioenergetics are critical for cellular homeostasis and stress responses. The reactive oxygen species-generating enzyme, NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4), regulates a number of physiological and pathological processes, including cellular differentiation, host defense, and tissue fibrosis. In this study we explored the role of constitutive Nox4 activity in regulating mitochondrial function. An increase in mitochondrial oxygen consumption and reserve capacity was observed in murine and human lung fibroblasts with genetic deficiency (or silencing) of Nox4. Inhibition of Nox4 expression/activity by genetic or pharmacological approaches resulted in stimulation of mitochondrial biogenesis, as evidenced by elevated mitochondrial-to-nuclear DNA ratio and increased expression of the mitochondrial markers transcription factor A (TFAM), citrate synthase, voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC), and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 (COX IV). Induction of mitochondrial biogenesis was dependent on TFAM up-regulation but was independent of the activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1-α (PGC-1α). The enhancement of mitochondrial bioenergetics as well as the increase in mitochondrial proteins in Nox4-deficient lung fibroblasts is inhibited by silencing of nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (Nrf2), supporting a key role for Nrf2 in control of mitochondrial biogenesis. Together, these results indicate a critical role for both Nox4 and Nrf2 in counter-regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Bernard
- From the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine,
| | - Naomi J Logsdon
- From the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine
| | - Veronica Miguel
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gloria A Benavides
- Department of Pathology, and.,Center for Free Radicals Biology and Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham and
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Pathology, and.,Center for Free Radicals Biology and Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham and
| | - A Brent Carter
- From the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine.,Birmingham Veterans Administration Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama 35294 and
| | - Victor M Darley-Usmar
- Department of Pathology, and.,Center for Free Radicals Biology and Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham and
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