1
|
Olanlokun JO, Owolabi AB, Odedeyi A, Oderinde SO, Bodede O, Steenkamp P, Koorbanally NA, Olorunsogo OO. Mechanism of antimalarial action and mitigation of infection-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction by phyto-constituents of Andrographis paniculata ((Burm f.) Wall. ex Nees) in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 331:118241. [PMID: 38670400 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Andrographis paniculata (AP) ((Burm f.) Wall. ex Nees) is a medicinal plant, documented for its folkloric use in the treatment of malaria. AIM This study was designed to determine the potency of extract and fractions of A. paniculata (AP) as a curative, both for susceptible and resistant malaria and to also determine the plant's mechanism of action. This study was also designed to determine whether AP extract and its most potent fraction will mitigate infection-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction, and to assess the phytochemical constituents of the most potent fraction. MATERIALS AND METHODS n-Hexane, dichloromethane, ethylacetate and methanol were used to partition the methanol extract of A. paniculata. Graded doses of these extract and fractions were used to treat mice infected with chloroquine-sensitive strain of P. berghei in a curative model. The most potent fraction was used to treat mice infected with resistant (ANKA strain) P. berghei. Inhibition of hemozoin formation, reversal of mitochondrial dysfunction and antiinflammatory potentials were determined. A combination of ultraperformance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of flight-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were used for chemical analysis. RESULTS Microscopy revealed that the dichloromethane fraction decreased the parasite burden the most, and inhibition of the hemozoin formation is one of its mechanisms of action. The dichloromethane fraction reversed parasite-induced mitochondrial pore opening in the host, enzyme-dependent ATP hydrolysis and peroxidation of host mitochondrial membrane phospholipids as well as its antiinflammatory potentials. The UPLC-qTOF-MS report and NMR fingerprints of the dichloromethane fraction of A. paniculata yielded fourteen compounds of which sibiricinone C was identified from the plant for the first time. CONCLUSION Fractions of A. paniculata possess antiplasmodial effects with the dichloromethane fraction having the highest potency. The potent effect of this fraction may be attributed to the phytochemicals present because it contains terpenes implicated with antimalarial and antiinflammatory activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Oludele Olanlokun
- Laboratories for Biomembrane Research and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
| | - Adesola Bunmi Owolabi
- Laboratories for Biomembrane Research and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Aminat Odedeyi
- Laboratories for Biomembrane Research and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Solomon Obaloluwa Oderinde
- Laboratories for Biomembrane Research and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olusola Bodede
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Paul Steenkamp
- Centre for Plant Metabolomics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa
| | | | - Olufunso Olabode Olorunsogo
- Laboratories for Biomembrane Research and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Molehin OR, Idowu KA, Olaoye AB, Fakayode AE, Adesua OO. Influence of Clerodendrum volubile leaf extract on doxorubicin-induced toxicity and inhibition of carbonyl reductase mediated metabolism. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 19:937-946. [PMID: 33977682 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2020-0231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Doxorubicin (DOX) is a commonly used chemotherapeutic drug. However, its non-target organ toxicities pose a serious problem. This study is to assess the protective role of Clerodendrum volubile leaf extract (CVE) against DOX-induced toxicities in rats. In addition, the inhibitory activities of three phytochemical compounds (Rutin, Gallic acid and Rosmarinic acid) from CVE against Carbonyl reductase 1 (CBR1) were examined. METHODS Rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: (a) Control group rats were given 0.9% NaCl as vehicle, (b) DOX group: A single dose of DOX (25 mg/kg; i.p.) was administered and rats were sacrificed 4 days after DOX injection, while groups (c-e) CVE-treated DOX rat groups were given 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight of extracts orally for 12 consecutive days; 8 days before, and 4 days after the DOX administration. Computational techniques were used to determine the inhibitory activities of the compounds against CBR1. RESULTS DOX intoxication caused a significant increase (p<0.05) in serum marker enzymes: ALT, AST, ALP, LDH, CK activities. The levels of liver and heart tissues antioxidant parameters: GPx, SOD, CAT, and GSH were significantly (p<0.05) decreased in DOX-intoxicated rats with concomitant elevation of malondialdehyde levels. Pretreatment with CVE reversed the above trends. From the structural analysis, Rutin and RSA exhibited the highest binding free energies against CBR1, and also exhibited structural stability when bound with CBR1. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates the protective effect of CVE when used in combination with doxorubicin thus improving its chemotherapeutic application via inhibition of CBR-mediated metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olorunfemi R Molehin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Kehinde A Idowu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Medical Campus, Durban, South Africa
| | - Ayonposi B Olaoye
- Department of Science Technology, The Federal Polytechnic Ado-Ekiti, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Aderonke E Fakayode
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Oluwatumininu O Adesua
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Effect of H2O2 on Na,K-ATPase. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2022; 54:241-249. [DOI: 10.1007/s10863-022-09948-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
4
|
Hypolipidemic effect and antioxidant properties of cassava-wheat flour composite bread in rats. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-022-01600-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
5
|
Agu KC, Olubodun SO. Biochemical Studies on the Colorectal Tissues of Wistar Rats Treated with Methanol Leaf and Stem Bark Extracts of Annona muricata (Soursop). Niger J Physiol Sci 2022; 37:127-135. [PMID: 35947846 DOI: 10.54548/njps.v37i1.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Annona muricata (AMC), is a tropical plant species of the Annonaceae family known for its medicinal uses in ameliorating and/or protecting several organs and tissues in the body. In this study we elucidated the influence of the methanol extracts of AMC leaf and stem bark on the biochemical and histological integrity of the colorectum. Different doses (100, 200, 400, 600, and 800mg of extract/kg body weight) of methanol extracts of the leaves and stembark were orally administered to adult male Wistar rats of average weight (100 - 150 g) for 28 days. At the end of the experimental period, the rats were sacrificed and colorectal tissues harvested for analyses. Adenosine triphosphatase (ATPases), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activities, and tissue protein (TP) concentration, were evaluated by colorimetric method using appropriate test kits. The results in the colorectal tissue analysed showed that total ATPase, LDH and G6PD (energy markers) activities increased significantly in the groups which received methanol leaf and stem bark extracts of AMC when compared with control. However, a general decrease was observed in TP and Na+/K+-ATPase activity but there was a twist in Na+/K+-ATPase activity in stem bark doses of 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg which showed significant increases in dose dependent manner when compared with the control. Even though G6PD activity showed fluctuating patterns for both extracts, the highest dose (800mg/kg) reflected the most significant increase when compared with the control. The histology confirmed the toxicological results by the biochemical parameters. Under the condition of this study, we inferred that the methanol leaf and stem-bark extracts of AMC may significantly influence the enzymes by reducing and increasing total ATPase and Na+/K+-ATPase activities depending on the doses and administration should therefore depend on the desired outcome.
Collapse
|
6
|
Adebisi OA, Agbaje WB, Adewale OO. Modulatory efficacy of Punica granatum L. powder ethanol extract (PLEE) on lead acetate-induced hepatic and renal toxicity. CLINICAL PHYTOSCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s40816-021-00337-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Pomegranate powder derived from pomegranate fruit contains phytochemicals chief of which is ellagitannins. Owing to their high antioxidative capabilities we investigated its efficacy against lead acetate induced hepatic and renal toxicity.
Methods
Pomegranate powder (500 g) was procured and soaked in 1 Litre of ethanol for three days, its filtrate was concentrated and freeze dried to form Punica granatum L. ethanol extract (PLEE). Thirty (30) male albino Wistar rats with average weight between 140 ± 20 g were used for this study. They were equally shared into 6 groups with 5 animals each; A: Control; B: Lead acetate only C: Lead acetate + PLEE (1); D: Lead acetate + PLEE (2); E: PLEE (1) and F: PLEE (2). Serum, liver and kidney samples were obtained for biochemical assays. The integrity of liver and kidney tissues were also accessed.
Results
Lead administration resulted in marked elevations in liver transaminases in serum and liver as well as a significant increase in kidney function markers in the serum and kidney (p < 0.05). There was also a significant decline in average body weight, antioxidant markers in the liver and kidney of Wistar rats while there was a significant increase in lipid peroxidation levels in both liver and kidney. However, administration of PLEE at different doses significantly modulated these changes.
Conclusion
Lead acetate administration led to hepatic and renal toxicity as evident by alterations in liver and kidney function markers, antioxidant status and tissue integrity. However, PLEE can combat these toxicities.
Collapse
|
7
|
Ilesanmi OB, Akinmoladun AC, Elusiyan CA, Ogungbe IV, Olugbade TA, Olaleye MT. Neuroprotective flavonoids of the leaf of Antiaris africana Englea against cyanide toxicity. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 282:114592. [PMID: 34480996 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Different parts of Antiaris africana Englea (Moraceae) are used traditionally for the treatment of various diseases, including epilepsy and other nervous system disorders. AIMS OF THIS STUDY The current study was designed to evaluate the neuroprotective activity of flavonoids isolated from A. africana against potassium cyanide (KCN)-induced oxidative damage in brain homogenate. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dried and ground leaves of A. africana were extracted with methanol and fractioned into n-hexane (HFA), dichloromethane (DFA), ethyl acetate (EFA) and methanol (MFA). Each fraction was assessed for neuroprotective potential by anticholinesterase activity test. The fraction with the best anticholinesterase activity was subjected to various chromatographic techniques through bioassay-guided fractionation to isolate the bioactive compounds. The protective ability of the extract, fractions and compounds against Potassium cyanide (KCN)-induced mitochondrial damage in rat brain homogenate was evaluated. Structures of the isolated compounds were determined using 1D and 2D NMR, mass spectrometry and by comparison with literature data. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The ethyl acetate fraction showed the best anticholinesterase activity with an IC50 of 23.23 ± 1.12 μg/ml. Quercetin and a biflavonoid glucoside identified as 3'-4'-bisquercetin-3β-D-diglucoside from this fraction displayed a remarkable antioxidant activity in the DPPH assay and showed significant (P < 0.05) increase in the activity of dehydrogenase inhibited by KCN in a concentration dependent manner. However, quercetin was more effective in reducing the MDA level and acetylcholinesterase activity that were elevated by KCN. CONCLUSION Quercetin and the bisquercetin-diglucoside isolated from the leaves of A. Africana for the first time, are major contributors to the observed neuroprotective property of the plant which supports its folkloric usage in the management of seizures, epilepsy and other neurological disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omotayo B Ilesanmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Federal University, Otuoke, Bayelsa State PMB 126, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria.
| | - Afolabi C Akinmoladun
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, The Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, Akure, Nigeria
| | | | - Ifedayo V Ogungbe
- Department of Chemistry, Physics, and Atmospheric Sciences, Jackson State University, USA
| | | | - M Tolulope Olaleye
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, The Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, Akure, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Olanlokun JO, Ekundayo MT, Koorbanally NA, Olorunsogo OO. Hexane fraction of Globimetula braunii induces mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:769-777. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
|
9
|
Ajayi A, Badaki V, Adebayo OG, Ben-Azu B. Plukenetia conophora seed oil ameliorates streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia and oxidative stress in rats. Biomarkers 2021; 27:240-246. [PMID: 34964401 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2021.2024601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Plukenetia conophora (African walnut) is an edible seed, widely cultivated for its ethnomedicinal and nutritional purposes. Consumption of African walnuts has been linked with blood sugar lowering effect. OBJECTIVE The effects of P. conophora seed oil treatment on hyperglycemia and oxidative stress were investigated in plasma, liver and kidney of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Plukenetia conophora seed oil (PCO) was obtained by extraction of pulverized dried seed in n-hexane. Diabetes was induced by STZ injection (65 mg/kg, i.p). Rats were assigned into non-diabetic control and diabetic control (treated with vehicle), PCO (200 mg/kg) and pioglitazone (10 mg/kg). Fasting blood sugar (FBS) was taken from overnight fasted animals on day 7 and 14 respectively. Plasma, liver and kidney samples were obtained on day 14 for the determination of oxidative stress parameters malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD). RESULTS PCO treatment significantly (p < 0.05) reduced STZ-induced hyperglycaemia by lowering the elevated FBS. PCO significantly reduced MDA level and attenuated STZ-induced depletion of GSH, catalase and SOD in the diabetic rats' plasma, liver and kidneys. CONCLUSION These results suggest that consumption of Plukenetia conophora seed might offer protection against diabetes-induced hepatic and renal damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abayomi Ajayi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Victoria Badaki
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Olusegun G Adebayo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, PAMO University of Medical Sciences, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Benneth Ben-Azu
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Olanlokun JO, Abiodun WO, Ebenezer O, Koorbanally NA, Olorunsogo OO. Curcumin modulates multiple cell death, matrix metalloproteinase activation and cardiac protein release in susceptible and resistant Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 146:112454. [PMID: 34894518 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pro-inflammatory signaling, cell death, and metalloproteinases activation are events in Plasmodium infection. However, it is not known if treatment with mefloquine (MF), and curcumin (CM) supplementation, will modulate these conditions. Malaria was induced in two different studies using susceptible (NK 65, study 1) and resistant (ANKA, study 2) strains of mouse malaria parasites (Plasmodium berghei) in thirty male Swiss mice (n = 5) in each study. Following confirmation of parasitemia, mice received 10 mL/kg distilled water (infected control), MF (10 mg/kg), MF and CM (25 mg/kg), MF and CM (50 mg/kg), CM (25 mg/kg) and CM (50 mg/kg). Five mice (not infected) were used as control. After treatment, the animals were sacrificed, serum obtained and liver mitochondria were isolated. Serum Tumour Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP), Interleukins-1 beta (IL-1β) and Interleukins-6 (IL-6) as well as caspases-3, 9 (C3 and C9), p53, serum troponin I (TI) and creatine kinase (CK), were assayed using ELISA techniques. Mitochondrial membrane permeability transition (mPT) pore opening, mitochondrial F0F1 ATPase activity, and lipid peroxidation (mLPO) were determined spectrophotometrically. Matrix metalloproteinases 2 (MMP-2) and 9 (MMP-9) expressions were determined using electrophoresis. CM supplementation (25 mg/kg) significantly decreased serum p53, TNF-α, CRP and IL-6 compared with MF. In the resistant model, CM prevented mPT pore opening, significantly decreased F0F1 ATPase activity and mLPO. MF activated caspase-3 while supplementation with CM significantly decreased this effect. Furthermore, MMP-2 and MMP-9 were selectively expressed in the susceptible model. Malarial treatment with mefloquine elicits different cell death responses while supplementation with curcumin decreased TI level and CK activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John O Olanlokun
- Laboratories for Biomembrane Research and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
| | - Wisdom Oshireku Abiodun
- Laboratories for Biomembrane Research and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Oluwakemi Ebenezer
- Faculty of Natural Science, Department of Chemistry, Mangosuthu University of Technology, 511 Mangosuthu Highway, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Neil A Koorbanally
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Olufunso Olabode Olorunsogo
- Laboratories for Biomembrane Research and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ajirioghene AE, Ghasi SI, Ewhre LO, Adebayo OG, Asiwe JN. Anti-diabetogenic and in vivo antioxidant activity of ethanol extract of Dryopteris dilatata in alloxan-induced male Wistar rats. Biomarkers 2021; 26:718-725. [PMID: 34612093 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2021.1990408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Oxido-inflammatory stress has been implicated as the main targets in alleviating diabetic complications induced by hyperglycaemia. Dryopteris dilatata: a bioactive plant serves great medicinal benefits in ethnopharmacology to ameliorate pathological conditions. This study investigated the protective effects of ethanol extract of Dryopteris dilatata (EEDD) in alloxan-induced diabetic rats through mechanism involving inhibition of oxidative stress and liver and kidney inflammatory markers. METHODOLOGY Male Wistar rats were made diabetic via alloxan monohydrate (100 mg/kg) administration intraperitoneally. Diabetic rats were post-treated with EEDD (800 mg/kg) and Metformin (50 mg/kg) orally for two weeks. Fasting blood sugar (FBS), body and organ weight change, markers of oxidative stress, liver and kidney inflammation were evaluated. RESULTS Our results revealed that EEDD significantly reduced alloxan-induced hyperglycaemia in the diabetic rats after 5, 10 and 15 days of treatment. Markers of oxidative injury were also significantly ameliorated in the pancreas, liver and kidney of the diabetic rats following treatment with EEDD. However, liver and kidney injury markers were significantly attenuated with marked decreased organ weight in the diabetic rats after treatment with EEDD. CONCLUSION Here in, we found that Dryopteris dilatata could be used as nutraceuticals in the prevention and treatment of diabetes and its related complications through positively modulating oxidative stress and liver and kidney inflammatory markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akpotu E Ajirioghene
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, PAMO University of Medical Sciences, Port-Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Samuel I Ghasi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsuka, Nigeria
| | - Lawrence O Ewhre
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
| | - Olusegun G Adebayo
- Neurophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, PAMO University of Medical Sciences, Port-Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Jerome N Asiwe
- Neurophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, PAMO University of Medical Sciences, Port-Harcourt, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Omotosho IO, Akinade AO, Lagunju IA, Yakubu MA. Oxidative stress indices in ASD children in Sub-Sahara Africa. J Neurodev Disord 2021; 13:50. [PMID: 34666671 PMCID: PMC8524989 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-021-09379-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) remains a medical challenge even in the developed world. Although genetics and epigenetic factors have been variously indicted as major causes of the disorder, development of oxidative stress especially in the formative years of children has equally gained prominence as an etiological basis of the disorder. Oxidative stress is characterized by the production of excessive amounts of free radicals, decreased levels of antioxidants with the attendant imbalance in oxidant/antioxidant ratio. This study was designed to determine the levels of essential metals [magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu)] and toxic metal, lead (Pb), and generation of oxidative stress by their abnormal interaction. Method Twenty-five children clinically diagnosed for ASD according to DSM-IV-TR and 25 neuro-typical (NT) children (controls), (aged 5.96 ± 1.40 years and 6.18 ± 2.59 years respectively) were recruited for this study. Essential and toxic metals were analyzed using induction-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS); oxidative stress markers [malondialdehyde (MDA), total plasma peroxidase (TPP), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC)] were determined using appropriate biochemical methods. Oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated. Results The levels of TPP and TAC were significantly reduced while MDA was higher in ASD compared to NT. Although OSI was higher in ASD, the difference was not significant. Pb (lead) concentration was significantly increased while Mg, Zn, and Cu levels were reduced significantly in ASD compared to NT. A significant negative correlation between Mg and OSI (r = − 0.438; p = 0.029) was observed in NT. Conclusion Reduction in Zn and Mg levels with a concurrent increase in Pb in children with ASD in this study may be the basis of inadequate TAC manifesting as increased MDA and reduced TPP levels. The attendant imbalance in oxidant/antioxidant ratio may result in abnormality in neuronal transduction leading to the abnormal cognitive and speech functions characteristic of ASD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Momoh A Yakubu
- Department of Environmental & Interdisciplinary Sciences, Texas Southern University, New Science Building Suite, Houston, TX, 303, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Oyebode OT, Olanlokun JO, Salami O, Obi I, Bodede O, Prinsloo G, Olorunsogo OO. Terpene-rich fractions of Ficus mucoso (Welw) modulate lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory mediators and aberrant permeability of the inner mitochondrial membrane in murine animal model. Inflammopharmacology 2021; 29:1733-1749. [PMID: 34613566 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-021-00876-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Ficus mucoso is traditionally used to treat bronchial infections. This study compared the efficacy of terpene-rich fractions of F. mucoso root bark on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced inflammation, liver mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT), an index of mitochondrial health, and associated pathological alterations. Terpene-Rich Fractions of Dichloromethane (TRDF) and Ethylacetate Fractions of F. mucoso (TREF) were obtained according to standard procedures. To induce systemic inflammation, a single intraperitoneal injection of 1mgLPS/kgbw was given to mice. Spectrophotometric techniques were used to evaluate the effects of the oral administration of TRDF and TREF (3 days) on levels of pro-inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) using ELSA techniques as well as antioxidant indices in normal and LPS-treated mice. The mPT pore opening, mitochondrial ATPase activity and lipid peroxidation were monitored spectrophotometrically. Our results revealed that treatment with LPS caused significant elevation in serum cytokine levels while administration of 50 and 100 mg/kg TRDF and TREF significantly reduced elevated serum levels of cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) in LPS-challenged mice. In addition, activitities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and liver marker enzymes (ALT and AST) as well as levels of mitochondrial lipid peroxides were significantly reduced in mice treated with TRDF and TREF relative to LPS-fed mice. Furthermore, LPS caused induction of opening of the liver mPT pore which was significantly inhibited by TRDF at 100 and 200 mg/kg bw by 71% and 88%, respectively, but only at 100 mg/kg TREF. Furthermore, mitochondrial ATPase activity was inhibited largely by TRDF. UPLC-ESI-MS analysis revealed the presence of terpenoid derivatives and a few aromatic metabolites in TRDF. The terpene dominance of TRDF metabolites was further justified on the 1H NMR fingerprint. Overall, TRDF is more effective as a cocktail of anti-inflammatory compounds than TREF against LPS-induced acute systemic inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olubukola Titilope Oyebode
- Laboratories for Biomembrane Research and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
| | - John Oludele Olanlokun
- Laboratories for Biomembrane Research and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Olamilekan Salami
- Laboratories for Biomembrane Research and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Ifeanyi Obi
- Laboratories for Biomembrane Research and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Olusola Bodede
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, Florida Campus, University of South Africa, Florida, 1710, South Africa
| | - Gerhard Prinsloo
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, Florida Campus, University of South Africa, Florida, 1710, South Africa
| | - Olufunso Olabode Olorunsogo
- Laboratories for Biomembrane Research and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Marathe A, Rao GM, Chakrapani M. Spondias pinnata bark extract- an ameliorator of inflammatory derangement in etoposide induced mucositis: An experimental approach. Vet World 2021; 14:1822-1828. [PMID: 34475704 PMCID: PMC8404108 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.1822-1828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Mucositis, one of the vulnerabilities of chemotherapy, affects the physiological activities and therapeutic strategies of patients because it can affect the normal cell population. Etoposide is a commonly used chemotherapeutic agent for cancers such as oral, lung, and gastrointestinal. In addition to the abnormal metabolic processes in the body caused by tumorigenesis, new metabolic alterations can occur, such as oxidative stress, antioxidant imbalance, and inflammatory reactions, all of which can contribute to existing patient vulnerability. Therapeutic adjuvants can help overcome these toxic effects. Spondias pinnata is a tropical tree omnipresent in the coastal and Western Ghat section of India that is used for culinary purposes and as a local analgesic. Therefore, we aimed to study the anti-inflammatory effects of S. pinnata in an etoposide-induced mucositis rat model. Materials and Methods: Small intestinal tissue homogenates from albino Wistar rats were used to estimate the levels of glutathione (GSH) and nitric oxide (NO), and activities of total antioxidant (TAO), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and Na+-K+ ATPase. The animals were grouped into: (1) normal control, (2) etoposide-induced mucositis (65 mg/kg bodyweight, single IP dose), (3) S. pinnata control group, and (4) etoposide followed by S. pinnata bark extract (200 mg/kg bodyweight, once in a day). Animals were sacrificed after 24, 48, 72, and 96 h and compared with that of the normal control group (n=6). Statistical analysis was performed using EZR software. Results: We observed a significant decrease in the TAO and GSH levels with a marked increase in NO, MPO, and Na+-K+ ATPase activity in the mucositis group. A tendency to recover from the decreased TAO and GSH levels existed in the treated group, showing the protective effects of S. pinnata bark extract against mucositis. In addition, this extract also showed anti-inflammatory effects as reflected by the recovery in MPO levels at the end of 96 h. Maintenance of Na+-K+ ATPase activity in the treated group demonstrates the protective effects of the extract against the increased levels observed in the etoposide-induced mucositis group. Conclusion: This study revealed the protective effects of S. pinnata bark extract against the oxidative and inflammatory changes that occurred during the development ofmucositis. This would decrease the pathological burden during chemotherapy and prevent any hurdles in therapeutic modalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aradhana Marathe
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Gayathri M Rao
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - M Chakrapani
- Department of Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Olanlokun JO, Okoro PO, Lawal OS, Bodede O, Olotu F, Idowu TO, Prinsloo G, Soliman ME, Olorunsogo OO. Betulinic acid purified from Alstonia boonei inhibits folate biosynthesis in malarial Plasmodium, enhances mitochondrial pore opening and F1F0 ATPase in mice. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
16
|
Some Kinetic Features of Na,K-ATPase and Sensitivity to Noradrenaline. Cell Biochem Biophys 2021; 80:23-29. [PMID: 34436718 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-021-01032-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A comparative kinetic analysis of albino rat brain synaptic and kidney plasma membrane fraction Na,K-ATPase was performed to comprehend the different levels of sensitivity of these fractions to the neurotransmitter noradrenaline. Noradrenaline (NA) inhibits the rat brain synaptic membrane Na,K-ATPase, changes the stoichiometry of Na+ and K+ and shifts the enzyme system from an MgATP to an Mg2+ dependent cycle. While the kidney plasma membrane fraction Na,K-ATPase is not sensitive to noradrenaline. To investigate the mechanism underlying this difference, we studied enzyme velocity dependence on the concentration of Mg2+. The 1/V = f(Mg2+) function has shown different kinetic features for the synaptic and kidney plasma membrane Na,K-ATPase. With the addition of ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid (EGTA) to the reaction medium the geometric form of 1/V = f(Mg2+) function is affected differently. We thereafter measured the essential activator number for Na+ and K+ with, in excess Mg2+. The results of these experiments reveal that, contrary to the synaptic membrane Na,K-ATPase, the kidney plasma membrane fraction Na,K-ATPase does not possess an Mg2+ dependent cycle and noradrenaline exhibits different modulatory effects on the enzyme system.
Collapse
|
17
|
Olanlokun JO, Balogun AA, Olorunsogo OO. INFLUENCE OF ARTESUNATE COMBINATIVE THERAPY CO-ADMINISTRATION WITH RUTIN ON INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES AND IMMUNOGLOBULINS IN PLASMODIUM BERGHEI-INFECTED MICE. J Parasitol 2021; 107:639-647. [PMID: 34358312 DOI: 10.1645/20-87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Some antimalarial drugs are immune-modulators that impact multiple pathways of innate immunity in malarial treatment. However, information on the immunomodulatory effects of artequine and rutin in the treatment of malaria remains elusive. Twenty-five Swiss mice (18 ± 2 g) were used for this study. Twenty were infected with Plasmodium berghei (NK65). Parasitemia was confirmed, and the animals were grouped (n = 5) as follows: Group A was not infected but treated orally with vehicle. Groups B to E were infected and treated (B) orally with vehicle (10 ml/kg), (C) with 10 mg/kg artequine, (D) with 10 mg/kg of artequine supplemented with 100 mg rutin/kg, and (D) with 10 mg/kg of artequine supplemented with 200 mg rutin/kg, for 7 days. Blood was collected for hematological, inflammatory cytokines, and immunoglobulins G and M assays. Post mitochondrial supernatant fraction was used for antioxidant assays. Rutin co-administration (200 mg/kg) significantly (P < 0.001) increased platelet and neutrophil counts (P < 0.01) but significantly (P < 0.01) decreased white blood cell count and lymphocyte relative to parasitized control. Also, it significantly (P < 0.05) decreased lipid peroxidation, xanthine oxidase, and superoxide dismutase activities but significantly (P < 0.05) increased reduced glutathione and glutathione S-transferase activity. Rutin co-administration also caused a significant (P < 0.001) increase in tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, and immunoglobulin M levels, while interleukin-1β and immunoglobulin G decreased significantly (P < 0.001) compared with parasitized control. These results showed that rutin co-administration with artequine improved host antioxidant status and modulated the immune and inflammatory responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Oludele Olanlokun
- Laboratories for Biomembrane Research and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria 200001
| | - Adisa Abayomi Balogun
- Laboratories for Biomembrane Research and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria 200001
| | - Olufunso Olabode Olorunsogo
- Laboratories for Biomembrane Research and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria 200001
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bello IJ, Oyebode OT, Olanlokun JO, Omodara TO, Olorunsogo OO. Plumbagin induces testicular damage via mitochondrial-dependent cell death. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 347:109582. [PMID: 34302802 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Different aspects of reproductive functions are regulated by mitochondrial-controlled events. This study investigated the effect of plumbagin (PL) on testicular mitochondria with a view to unravelling the mechanism of the antifertility potential of plumbagin in testis of healthy rats. Thirty-two male Wistar strain albino rats were randomly allocated into four groups of eight animals each. The control or healthy group received orally 0.1 % DMSO while animals in the remaining three groups received 2.5 mg PL/kg bdwt, 5.0 mg PL/kg bdwt and 10 mg PL/kg bdwt, respectively, for 14 days. In study two, twenty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three (3) groups and were orally administered 0.1% DMSO (control), 30 and 100 mg/kg PL, respectively once daily for 72 h. Rat testis mitochondria were isolated using differential centrifugation. The mitochondrial Permeability Transition (mPT) pore, mitochondrial ATPase (mATPase) activity and mitochondrial lipid peroxidation were assessed spectrophotometrically. Expression of apoptotic proteins (p53, Bax, Bcl-2) and the release of cytochrome c were determined by immunochemical technique. Reproductive receptors (FSH, PR), the expression of aromatase, Testis Specific Kinase-1 {TESK-1} were quantified by RT-PCR. The various doses of plumbagin (2.5, 5.0 and 10 mg/kg bdwt) induced opening of the testicular mPT pore by 2, 5 and 8 folds, respectively, after 14 days of oral administration. These doses of plumbagin also caused enhancement of mATPase activity, elevated generation of mLPO as well as increases in the concentrations of caspases 9 and 3. Sperm analysis revealed that these doses of PL also caused significant decreases in sperm count and motility and increased sperm abnormalities compared to control. Interestingly, these effects were accompanied by dose-dependent expressions of the Bak, p53 and cytochrome c release. Conversely, the abundance of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein decreased relative to control. The levels of transcripts of FSH and progesterone receptors as well as TESK-1 and aromatase decreased significantly relative to control. Furthermore, PL strongly inhibited p53-MDM2 compared to control. Altogether, these findings show that plumbagin damages testicular cells through the activation of mitochondrial pathway involving the p53 protein network.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isaac J Bello
- Laboratories for Biomembrane Research and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olubukola T Oyebode
- Laboratories for Biomembrane Research and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
| | - John O Olanlokun
- Laboratories for Biomembrane Research and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Todiimu O Omodara
- Laboratories for Biomembrane Research and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olufunso O Olorunsogo
- Laboratories for Biomembrane Research and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Oyibo A, Gbadegesin MA, Odunola OA. Ethanol extract of Vitellaria paradoxa (Gaertn, F) leaves protects against sodium arsenite - induced toxicity in male wistar rats. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:774-784. [PMID: 33854955 PMCID: PMC8027566 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The inadvertent exposure to arsenic has been associated with diverse diseases such as cancers. Vitellaria paradoxa is a medicinal plant with antidiabetic and antiproliferative properties. Here, we assessed the ameliorative role of Ethanol Leaf extract of Vitellaria paradoxa (ELVp) in Sodium Arsenite (SA) - induced toxicity in rats after oral treatment for two weeks as follows: Group 1 (Control, distilled water), Group 2 (Vitamin E, 100 mg/kg), Groups 3 and 4 (ELVp, 100 & 200 mg/kg respectively), Group 5 (SA, 2.5 mg/kg), Group 6 (SA + Vit E) and Group 7 (SA + ELVp (100 mg/kg) and Group 8 (SA + ELVp (200 mg/kg). The results indicated that SA significantly increased liver and kidney function markers and elevated platelet, white blood cell (WBC) count and malondialdehyde levels in rats. Additionally, SA decreased Red Blood Cell (RBC), Hemoglobin (HGB) and Hematocrit (HCT) levels in rats (p < 0.05). Sodium arsenite caused mild expression of BCL-2 protein> NF-Kb = p53 in the kidney of rats. However, ELVp ameliorated SA-induced toxicity in the liver and kidney of rats with respect to these markers. Overall, ELVp has hepatoprotective, nephroprotective and apoptotic properties against sodium arsenite-induced toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aghogho Oyibo
- Cancer Research and Molecular Biology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Michael A. Gbadegesin
- Cancer Research and Molecular Biology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Oyeronke A. Odunola
- Cancer Research and Molecular Biology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Akinmoladun AC, Adelabu AA, Saliu IO, Adetuyi AR, Olaleye MT. Protective properties of Spondias mombin Linn leaves on redox status, cholinergic dysfunction and electrolyte disturbance in cyanide-intoxicated rats. Sci Prog 2021; 104:368504211011866. [PMID: 33913392 PMCID: PMC10454855 DOI: 10.1177/00368504211011866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cyanide is an environmental neurotoxin which has been reported to arrest the normal functioning of the brain. This study investigated the protective properties of methanol and flavonoid-rich extracts of the leaves of Spondias mombin on redox status, cholinergic dysfunction and electrolyte disturbance in cyanide-induced neurotoxicity in rats. Male Wistar rats were orally pre-treated with Spondias mombin methanol leaf extract (SMC) (50, 100 and 150 mg/kg), flavonoid-rich extract (SMF) (25, 50 and 75 mg/kg) or quercetin (20 mg/kg), followed by intraperitoneal administration of 2 mg/kg potassium cyanide. Cyanide intoxication caused brain damage in rats as echoed in the deleterious alterations to activities/levels of endogenous antioxidants and biomarkers/enzymes linked with electrolyte imbalance and neurotoxicity. Pre-treatment with SMC and SMF significantly attenuated these KCN-induced imbalances (p < 0.05). The results suggested that the protection conferred by SMC and SMF probably involves attenuation of oxidative stress and regulation of ionic homeostasis. SMF displayed a better apparent ameliorative activity than SMC and 75 mg/kg SMF offered the best protection suggesting that flavonoids probably contributed to the protective effect of Spondias mombin leaf.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Afolabi Clement Akinmoladun
- Phytomedicine, Biochemical Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, School of Sciences, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Adesola Adebusayo Adelabu
- Phytomedicine, Biochemical Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, School of Sciences, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Ibrahim Olabayode Saliu
- Phytomedicine, Biochemical Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, School of Sciences, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Aanuoluwapo Ruth Adetuyi
- Phytomedicine, Biochemical Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, School of Sciences, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Mary Tolulope Olaleye
- Phytomedicine, Biochemical Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, School of Sciences, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Olanlokun JO, Bodede O, Prinsloo G, Olorunsogo OO. Comparative antimalarial, toxicity and mito-protective effects of Diospyros mespiliformis Hochst. ex A. DC. and Mondia whitei (Hook.f.) Skeels on Plasmodium berghei infection in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 268:113585. [PMID: 33189839 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Diospyros mespiliformis Hochst. ex A. DC. and Mondia whitei (Hook.f.) Skeels are traditionally used in Africa for the treatment of malaria. However, scientific evidence to substantiate this folkloric claim and their effects on liver mitochondria during malaria treatment have not been reported. AIM OF THE STUDY This study investigated the efficacy of D. mespiliformis and M. whitei against chloroquine-sensitive and resistant strains of malarial parasites in mice. It also investigated the toxicity and protection against cellular organelles like mitochondria. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Swiss mice were infected with a chloroquine resistant (ANKA) strain of Plasmodium berghei and were treated via oral gavage with methanol extracts of D. mespiliformis and M. whitei reconstituted in diluted dimethylsulfoxide as vehicle (DMSO, 5% v/v) for five consecutive days. Percentage parasite load and clearance were assessed by microscopy. The infected control was treated with the vehicle. Hematological indices were assessed using standard procedures. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were determined using assay kits. Hepatic mitochondria were isolated via centrifugation, and their permeability transition (mPT), ATPase (mATPase) activity and lipid peroxidation (mLPO) were determined spectroscopically. Liver tissue histology was carried out by standard laboratory procedures. Phytochemical analysis of both extracts were performed using LC-MS to identify the most prominent compounds from each of the extracts. RESULTS After treatment on day 5, D. mespiliformis and M. whitei at 400 mg/kg decreased mean values for: percentage parasitemia (5.0 ± 1.0, 2.0 ± 0.2), increased Packed Cell Volume (PCV) (36.0 ± 1.4, 36.0 ± 0.0%) and platelets (2.0 ± 1.4, 2.0 ± 2.8 × 105mm3) relative to the untreated control (20.0 ± 5.2; 30.0 ± 0.0%; 1.4 ± 1.4 × 105 mm3, respectively). At the same dose, D. mespiliformis and M. whitei decreased ALT (8.0 ± 3.8, 24.2 ± 4.0U/L), AST (6.2 ± 0.8, 8.0 ± 0.9U/L) and ALP (56.0 ± 0.7, 51.0 ± 1.0U/L) activities compared to the infected control (77.0 ± 10.9U/L, 14.0 ± 0.7U/L and 76.0 ± 6.0U/L, respectively). Both D. mespiliformis and M. whitei reversed mPT opening, decreased mATPase enhancement and mLPO, relative to the control. Histopathology of the liver showed extensive hemorrhagic lesions and severe disseminated congestion in the infected control while both D. mespiliformis and M. whitei were well tolerated at the highest dose. The LC-MS analysis of D. mespiliformis showed the presence of betulinic acid, tocopherol and kaempferol with antimalarial and antioxidant properties while the M. whitei sample contained coumarin and chlorogenic acid that have antimalarial and hepato-protective properties. CONCLUSIONS D.mespiliformis and M. whitei show antimalarial effects against resistant Plasmodium berghei infection, enhanced cell viability, mito-protection and are not toxic in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Oludele Olanlokun
- Laboratories for Biomembrane Research and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
| | - Olusola Bodede
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, University of South Africa, Florida Campus, Florida, 1710, South Africa
| | - Gerhard Prinsloo
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, University of South Africa, Florida Campus, Florida, 1710, South Africa
| | - Olufunso Olabode Olorunsogo
- Laboratories for Biomembrane Research and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
David OM, Olanlokun JO, Owoniyi BE, Ayeni M, Ebenezer O, Koorbanally NA. Studies on the mitochondrial, immunological and inflammatory effects of solvent fractions of Diospyros mespiliformis Hochst in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6941. [PMID: 33767260 PMCID: PMC7994402 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85790-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of medicinal plants in the treatment of malaria is gaining global attention due to their efficacy and cost effectiveness. This study evaluated the bioactivity-guided antiplasmodial efficacy and immunomodulatory effects of solvent fractions of Diospyros mespiliformis in mice infected with a susceptible strain of Plasmodium berghei (NK 65). The crude methanol extract of the stem of D. mespiliformis (DM) was partitioned between n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanol. Male Swiss mice (20 ± 2 g) infected with P. berghei were grouped and treated with vehicle (10 mL/kg, control), Artemether lumefantrine (10 mg/kg), 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg of n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanol fractions of D. mespiliformis for seven days. Blood was obtained for heme and hemozoin contents while serum was obtained for inflammatory cytokines and immunoglobulins G and M assessments. Liver mitochondria were isolated for mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT), mitochondrial F1F0 ATPase (mATPase) and lipid peroxidation (mLPO) assays. The GC-MS was used to identify the compounds present in the most potent fraction. The dichloromethane fraction had the highest parasite clearance and improved hematological indices relative to the drug control. The heme values increased, while the hemozoin content significantly (P < 0.05) decreased compared with the drug control. The highest dose of HF and MF opened the mPT pore while the reversal effects of DF on mPT, mATPase and mLPO were dose-dependent. The levels of IgG, IgM and TNFα in the DF group were significantly higher than the drug control, while the IL-1β and IL-6 values did not vary linearly with the dose. Lupeol and Stigmastan-3,5-diene were the most abundant phytochemicals in the DF. The outcome of this study showed that the DF has immunomodulatory effects in infected mice, reduced proliferation of the malaria parasite and thus protect liver cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - John Oludele Olanlokun
- Laboratories for Biomembrane Research and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
| | | | - MoyinOluwa Ayeni
- Department of Microbiology, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Oluwakemi Ebenezer
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Adeyanju AA, Asejeje FO, Molehin OR, Owoeye O, Olatoye EO, Ekpo EN. Protective role of protocatechuic acid in carbon tetrachloride-induced oxidative stress via modulation of proinflammatory cytokines levels in brain and liver of Wistar rats. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 33:143-154. [PMID: 33735948 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2020-0202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Protocatechuic acid (PCA) possesses numerous pharmacological activities, including antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities. This study seeks to investigate its underlying mechanism of action in the liver and brain toxicity induced by CCl4 in male albino rats. METHODS Rats were given PCA at 10 and 20 mg/kg daily and orally as a pretreatment for seven days. A single injection of CCl4 was given 2 h later to induce brain and liver toxicity. RESULTS CCl4 moderately elevated the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). PCA lowered AST level significantly when compared to control. Total protein and albumin levels presented insignificant changes (p>0.05) in all groups while lipid profile showed increased total cholesterol level and reduced high-density lipoprotein (HDL) by CCl4. PCA (10 mg/kg) significantly reduced the cholesterol level while the 20 mg/kg dose moderately prevented HDL reduction. There was an increased MDA production with a corresponding low GSH level in the group treated with CCl4. Activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione-S-transferase in both organs also declined. PCA, especially at 10 mg/kg attenuated lipid peroxidation by increasing GSH level in the organs. Biochemical assays revealed the improvement of antioxidant enzyme activities by PCA in these organs. Furthermore, PCA lowered the level of proinflammatory cytokine COX 2 in the brain and liver while NF-kB expression was inhibited in the brain. Histopathology reports validated the effects of PCA. CONCLUSIONS PCA exhibited protection against toxicity in these tissues through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities and the potential mechanism might be through modulation of the NF-κB/COX-2 pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne A Adeyanju
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Koladaisi University, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Folake O Asejeje
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Koladaisi University, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Olorunfemi R Molehin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti. P.M.B.5363, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Olatunde Owoeye
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Esther O Olatoye
- Department of Biological Sciences, McPherson University, Ajebo, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel N Ekpo
- Department of Biological Sciences, McPherson University, Ajebo, Ogun State, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ajayi AM, John KA, Emmanuel IB, Chidebe EO, Adedapo AD. High-fat diet-induced memory impairment and anxiety-like behavior in rats attenuated by peel extract of Ananas comosus fruit via atheroprotective, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions. Metabol Open 2021; 9:100077. [PMID: 33490944 PMCID: PMC7808950 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2021.100077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pineapple peel is a waste component of pineapple with valuable source of metabolites as phytoactive compounds in ameliorating metabolic-related disorders. This study investigated the atheroprotective and neuroprotective effects of peel extract of Ananas comosus fruit (PEAC) in normal diet (ND) and high-fat diet (HFD) fed rats. METHODS Male Wistar rats were fed ND or HFD for 9 weeks, and beginning from the 6th week animals were also orally treated with PEAC (200 mg/kg). Memory performance was assessed using Y-maze test (YMT) and novel object recognition test (NORT) while anxiolytic-like effect was assessed on the elevated plus maze (EPM). Serum cholesterol, triglycerides and HDL-C were determined, while LDL-C and atherogenic risk calculated. Serum and brain tissue malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione, catalase were determined. Brain acetylcholinesterase activity and interleukin-6 level were also determined. RESULTS PEAC significantly attenuated HFD-induced reduction in correct alternation in YMT, and discrimination index in NORT. Also, PEAC demonstrated anxiolytic-like activity in EPM test. PEAC significantly improved lipid profile and decreased risk of atherogenicity in ND and HFD-fed rats. In addition, PEAC improves serum and brain antioxidant status by decreasing malondialdehyde and increasing GSH and catalase. PEAC significantly impaired HFD-induced brain acetylcholinesterase activity and IL-6 levels. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that peel extract of Ananas comosus fruit may protect against diet-induced behavioral disturbances via atheroprotective, antioxidants and anti-inflammatory activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abayomi M. Ajayi
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria
| | - Kayode A. John
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria
| | - Ilerioluwa B. Emmanuel
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria
- Biomedicinal Research Centre, Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel O. Chidebe
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria
| | - Aduragbenro D.A. Adedapo
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Olowofolahan AO, Oyebode OT, Olorunsogo OO. Methyl palmitate reversed estradiol benzoate-induced endometrial hyperplasia in female rats. Toxicol Mech Methods 2021; 31:43-52. [PMID: 32967526 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2020.1827329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Early detection and treatment of endometrial hyperplasia (EH) is mandatory for endometrial cancer prevention. Several bioactive agents of plant origin have been shown to elicit their chemotherapeutic effect against tumors and cancer via induction of mitochondrial permeability transition(mPT) pore opening. This research was therefore aimed at evaluating the potential chemopreventive effect of methyl palmitate (MP), on estradiol benzoate(EB)-induced EH, looking at the mitochondrial-mediated pathway and other possible mechanisms of action. Mitochondria were isolated using differential centrifugation. The mPT pore, mitochondrial ATPase (mATPase) activity, lipid peroxidation and cytochrome c release were determined by standard methods using spectrophotometer. Uterine interleukin 1b, MDA levels and SOD, GSH activities, were determined using commercially available kits. The uterine histological and immunohistochemical assessment of estrogen receptor (ERα), IL-1b and caspas-3 were carried out. The fibroblast cell count density was determined using histomorphometry. At all the concentrations of MP used, there was no significant induction of mPT pore opening, neither any enhancement of mATPase activity nor release of cytochrome c when compared to the control. Similar pattern of results were recorded for the in vivo study. However, there was marked increase in the uterine MDA and interleukin 1b levels, with concurrent decrease in SOD and GSH activities, in the EB-treated group, which was significantly reversed by MP co-administration. Endometrial Hyperplasia observed in the EB-treated group was ameliorated by MP co-administration. The immunoexpression of ERα and IL-1b in the EB-treated group was reversed by MP co-administration. This study suggests anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-proliferative potential of MP against EB-induced EH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adeola O Olowofolahan
- Laboratory for Membrane Biochemistry Research and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olubukola T Oyebode
- Laboratory for Membrane Biochemistry Research and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olufunso O Olorunsogo
- Laboratory for Membrane Biochemistry Research and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Omogbiya AI, Ben-Azu B, Eduviere AT, Eneni AEO, Nwokoye PO, Ajayi AM, Umukoro S. Monosodium glutamate induces memory and hepatic dysfunctions in mice: ameliorative role of Jobelyn ® through the augmentation of cellular antioxidant defense machineries. Toxicol Res 2020; 37:323-335. [PMID: 34295796 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-020-00068-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of high doses of monosodium glutamate (MSG), a known food additive on hepatic, memory and locomotor functions in mice, and the ameliorative potentials of Jobelyn® (JB), a unique dietary supplement. Twenty four male Swiss mice divided into 4 groups (n = 6) were given MSG (2, 4 and 8 g/kg) or normal saline (10 mL/kg) orally for 14 days. In the intervention study, another set of 30 male Swiss mice distributed into 5 groups (n = 6) received normal saline, MSG (8 g/kg) alone or in combination with JB (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg) orally, for 14 days. Memory and locomotor functions as well as brain oxido-nitrergic stress biomarkers were then assessed in both studies. The hepatic oxido-nitrergic stress biomarkers, liver enzymes functions and histomorphology of the liver were also assessed. MSG (2, 4 and 8 g/kg) produced memory dysfunction, hyperlocomotion, increased malondialdehyde and nitrite levels accompanied by decreased antioxidant status in the brain and hepatic tissues. MSG-treated mice had increased hepatic enzyme activities (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase) and distorted cyto-architectural integrity of the liver. These findings further suggest that MSG compromised hepatic functioning, which might also contribute to its neurotoxicity. However, JB (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg, p.o) attenuated the memory deficit, hyperlocomotion, increased oxido-nitrergic stress responses in the brain and hepatic tissues induced by MSG (8 g/kg, p.o). JB also normalized hepatic enzymes activities and histomorphological changes in MSG-treated mice. Taken together, JB mitigated MSG-induced toxicity through mechanisms relating to enhancement of cellular antioxidant-machineries and normalization of hepatic enzymatic functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Itivere Omogbiya
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State Nigeria
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State Nigeria
| | - Benneth Ben-Azu
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State Nigeria
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, PAMO University of Medical Sciences, Port-Harcourt, Rivers State Nigeria
| | - Anthony Taghogho Eduviere
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State Nigeria
| | - Aya-Ebi Okubo Eneni
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State Nigeria
| | - Prisilla O Nwokoye
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State Nigeria
| | - Abayomi Mayowa Ajayi
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State Nigeria
| | - Solomon Umukoro
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Olanlokun JO, Babarinde CO, Olorunsogo OO. Antimalarial properties and preventive effects on mitochondrial dysfunction by extract and fractions of Phyllanthus amarus (Schum. and Thonn) in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 32:255-266. [PMID: 33161386 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2020-0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Broad spectrum antimalarial drugs without deleterious effects on mitochondria are scarce. It is in this regard that we investigated the potency of methanol extract and solvent fractions of Phyllanthus amarus on chloroquine-susceptible and resistant strains of Plasmodium berghei, toxicity and its consequential effects on mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT) pore opening. METHODS Malaria was induced in male Swiss mice with susceptible (NK 65) strain, divided into groups (n=5) and treated with 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg of methanol extract, n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethylacetate and methanol fractions daily for seven days. Percentage parasitemia and parasite clearance were determined microscopically. The two most potent fractions were tested on resistant (ANKA) strains. Heme and hemozoin contents were determined spectrophotometrically. The mPT, mitochondrial ATPase (mATPase) and lipid peroxidation (mLPO) were determined spectrophotometrically. Similar groups of animals were used for toxicity studies. RESULTS Dichloromethane fraction (400 mg/kg) had the highest antimalarial curative effect via least parasitemia (0.49) and high clearance (96.63) compared with the negative control (10.08, 0.00, respectively), had the highest heme and least hemozoin contents (16.23; 0.03) compared with the negative control (8.2, 0.126, respectively). Malaria infection opened the mPT, caused significant increase in mLPO and enhanced mATPase; while dichloromethane fraction reversed these conditions. Serum ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, urea and creatinine of dichloromethane fraction-treated mice decreased relative to control. No significant lesion was noticed in liver and kidney tissue sections. CONCLUSIONS Dichloromethane fraction of Phyllanthus amarus had the highest antimalarial activity with the highest mito-protective effect and it was well tolerated without toxic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Oludele Olanlokun
- Laboratories for Biomembrane Research and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Cecilia Opeyemi Babarinde
- Laboratories for Biomembrane Research and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olufunso Olabode Olorunsogo
- Laboratories for Biomembrane Research and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ajatta MA, Oladipupo OR, Josiah SS, Osundahunsi OF, Omoba OS. Cognitive impairment by non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus was attenuated by dietary supplements of marble vine (Dioclea reflexa) and plantain (Musa paradisiaca) dough meals in albino rats. J Food Biochem 2020; 45:e13473. [PMID: 32964438 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the protective effect of formulated marble vine/plantain dough meals on cognitive impairment in diabetic rats. Wistar rats were divided into eight groups (n = 6) and fed with HFD for 14 days and a single dose of streptozotocin intraperitoneally on the 14th day (except control rats). Diabetic rats were treated with formulated diets and metformin. The ameliorative effect of the formulated doughs on cerebral damage in diabetic rats with respect to weight gain/loss, glucose and insulin levels, oxidative damage, neurological dysfunction, and histological alterations were assessed. The formulated diet had high protein and fiber content values ranged from 13.00 to 25.04 g/100 g and from 5.23 to 6.20 g/100 g, respectively compared to the control. Blood glucose level was observed, thereby mitigating the cerebral oxidative damage. The diet significantly ameliorated the neurological dysfunction as adjudged by increased dopamine concentration and lowered acetylcholinesterase activity; results were also supported by the outcomes from brain histopathological study. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Underutilized leguminous seeds such as marble vine seeds are known for their nutraceutical potentials due to their numerous biochemical components. The study provides preliminary information on the potential of marble vine/plantain functional dough meals in the management of neurological complications resulting from type 2 diabetes mellitus in albino rats. Generally, the formulated doughs possess neuroprotective potentials in preventing neurological complications arising from diabetes. However, the effect of marble vine-plantain dough meal in managing the brain damage should be further investigated through the clinical trials before development for pharmaceutical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary A Ajatta
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Olumayowa R Oladipupo
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Sunday S Josiah
- Phytomedicine, Biochemical Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | | | - Olufunmilayo S Omoba
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ogunsuyi OM, Ogunsuyi OI, Akanni O, Alabi OA, Alimba CG, Adaramoye OA, Cambier S, Eswara S, Gutleb AC, Bakare AA. Alteration of sperm parameters and reproductive hormones in Swiss mice via oxidative stress after co-exposure to titanium dioxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles. Andrologia 2020; 52:e13758. [PMID: 32671885 DOI: 10.1111/and.13758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, Swiss male mice were intraperitoneally administered with titanium dioxide (TiO2 ) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) and their mixture (1:1) at doses between 9.38 and 75 mg/kg for 5 weeks to evaluate reproductive toxicity. Both NPs and their mixture significantly (p < .001) altered sperm motility, reduced sperm numbers and increased abnormalities, while their mixture induced more sperm abnormalities than either TiO2 NPs or ZnO NPs. Both NPs and their mixture significantly (p < .05) reduced the LH level, while ZnO NPs alone and their mixture (p < .001) increased the testosterone levels at tested doses. The testes of exposed mice showed pathological changes and altered histomorphometrics. TiO2 NPs and ZnO NPs individually induced a significant (p < .01) reduction in SOD and CAT activities, while the mixture significantly (p < .001) decreased CAT activity and increased SOD activity. TiO2 NPs alone at 9.38 mg/kg induced a significant (p < .001) reduction in the GSH level, while both NPs and their mixture increased the MDA level significantly (p < .05). The data showed that the mixture had a synergistic interaction to induce testicular damage. Overall, oxidative stress may be involved in the NP-mediated testicular damage observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Opeoluwa M Ogunsuyi
- Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Olusegun I Ogunsuyi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mountain Top University, Ibafo, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Olubukola Akanni
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Okunola A Alabi
- Department of Biology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Chibuisi G Alimba
- Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Oluwatosin A Adaramoye
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Sebastien Cambier
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Santhana Eswara
- Materials Research and Technology (MRT) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Arno C Gutleb
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Adekunle A Bakare
- Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Anachuna KK, Moke GE, Iyare C, Katchy N, Ben-Azu B, Adeniyi B, Nwogueze BC, Iyare E. Prenatal and early postnatal food restrictions cause changes in brain oxidative status and orexigenic/anorexigenic hormones in the offspring of rats: prevention by quercetin and kaempferol. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY AND DRUG DISCOVERY 2020; 1:39-52. [PMID: 34909641 PMCID: PMC8663934 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphar.2020.100005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain oxidative signaling pathways have been identified as important targets for alleviating food deprivation-induced changes in metabolic gate-ways. Previous studies have shown that prenatal and early postnatal malnutrition alters leptin and ghrelin signaling via oxidative pathways. Thus, it has been hypothesized that agents with antioxidant properties might be beneficial for the mitigation of prenatal and early postnatal food scarcity-induced oxidative damage. Quercetin and kaempferol are natural bioflavonoids with proven antioxidant properties. In this study, we evaluated their effects on prenatal maternal food consumption, maternal and pup weights, biomarkers of orexigenic and anorexigenic hormones and oxidative stress in rats. Rats were allotted into different treatment groups (n = 6) in three different experiments (prenatal, postnatal food-deprivations or both). Prenatal-food restriction (PrNFR) was induced by 50% of ad libitum accessible diet during pregnancy till parturition and postnatal-food restriction (PsNFR) was simulated by litter-enlargement to 16 pups per mother from postnatal day (PND) 2. Rats in each experiment were concurrently treated with vehicle (10 mL/kg), quercetin (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) or kaempferol (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) respectively. A third experimental group consisted of both protocols. Quercetin and kaempferol dose-dependently increased the body weights of pups exposed to PrNFR, PsNFR and PrNFR-PsNFR at PNDs 1-22 respectively. Both compounds increased maternal body weights but attenuated maternal food-intake at prenatal days 7 and 14 due by PrNFR. Quercetin and kaempferol reduced brain malondialdehyde concentrations and increased glutathione levels in PrNFR, PsNFR and PrNFR-PsNFR-exposed offspring of rats. Importantly, quercetin and kaempferol significantly (p < 0.05) prevented PrNFR-, PsNFR- or PrNFR-PsNFR-induced alterations in leptin and ghrelin levels. Cumulatively, quercetin and kaempferol increased pup and maternal weights and attenuated maternal food-intake of rats submitted to PrNFR, PsNFR and PrNFR-PsNFR respectively, likely via nutrigenomic modulations of orexigenic/anorexigenic hormones and inhibition of brain oxidative stress.
Collapse
Key Words
- ANOVA, one-way analysis of variance
- BMI, body mass index
- BPS, balano-preputal separation
- DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide
- Food restriction
- Ghrelin
- KFAM, Kaempferol
- Kaempferol
- Leptin
- Oxidative stress
- PND, postnatal day
- PrNFR, Prenatal-food restriction
- PsNFR, postnatal-food restriction
- QCET, Quercetin
- Quercetin
- VO, vaginal opening
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Kelechi Anachuna
- Reproductive and Developmental Programming Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nigeria
- Reproductive and Developmental Programming Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Goodies Emuesiri Moke
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Cordilia Iyare
- Reproductive and Developmental Programming Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nigeria
| | - Nkiru Katchy
- Reproductive and Developmental Programming Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nigeria
| | - Benneth Ben-Azu
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, PAMO University of Medical Sciences, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Boluwatife Adeniyi
- Reproductive and Developmental Programming Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nigeria
| | - Bartholomew Chukwuebuka Nwogueze
- Reproductive and Developmental Programming Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Eghosa Iyare
- Reproductive and Developmental Programming Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Molehin OR. Alleviation of doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity byClerodendrum volubileleaf extract in Wistar rats: A preliminary study. JOURNAL OF HERBMED PHARMACOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.34172/jhp.2020.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction:Doxorubicin (DOX), a well-known chemotherapeutic drug, has been reported to induce numerous toxic side effects including renal toxicity. This preliminary study was designed to investigate the ameliorative effects of methanolic leaf extract ofClerodendrum volubile(MECV) against DOX-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.Methods:Thirty male rats were divided into five groups; (a) Control group: rats were given 0.9% NaCl as vehicle, (b) DOX group: a single dose of DOX (25 mg/kg; i.p.) was administered and the rats were sacrificed 4 days after DOX injection, (c-e) Methanolic extract of C. volubile (MECV)-treated DOX groups: rats were given MECV (at the doses of 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg/d), respectively for 12 consecutive days, 8 days before and 4 days after the DOX administration.Results:DOX injection caused a significant increase (P<0.05) in serum creatinine and urea levels. The levels of renal antioxidant parameters: glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and reduced glutathione were significantly (P<0.05) decreased in DOX-intoxicated rats with concomitant elevation of malondialdehyde level. Pretreatment with MECV restored antioxidant status, attenuated oxidative stress and improved kidney function markers. Pre-treatment with MECVprotected renal tissues against DOX-induced nephrotoxicity.Conclusion:The ameliorative effects ofC. volubileleaves on these renal biochemical parameters may be via its antioxidant action and may serve as a novel combination agent with DOX to limit its renal damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olorunfemi Raphael Molehin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, P.M.B., 5363, Ado-Ekiti, 360001, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Methanol extracts of Strophanthus hispidus exhibit anti-apoptotic effects via alteration of cytochrome c and caspase 3 levels in rats with myocardial infarction. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-019-00894-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
33
|
Emokpae O, Ben-Azu B, Ajayi AM, Umukoro S. D-Ribose-L-cysteine attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced memory deficits through inhibition of oxidative stress, release of proinflammatory cytokines, and nuclear factor-kappa B expression in mice. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2020; 393:909-925. [PMID: 31907583 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-019-01805-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
D-Ribose-L-cysteine (DRLC), an analog of cysteine that boosts glutathione (GSH) content, has been reported to mitigate oxidative stress-mediated diseases. This study seeks to evaluate the effects of DRLC on memory deficits and the biochemical and histo-morphological changes induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in mice. Male Swiss mice (n = 10) were pre-treated orally with three doses of DRLC (25 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, and 100 mg/kg), donepezil (1 mg/kg), or vehicle (saline) for 30 min prior to the intraperitoneal injection of LPS (0.25 mg/kg) daily for 7 days. Memory functions were evaluated using the Y-maze, object recognition, and social recognition tests. The specific brain regions (prefrontal cortex and hippocampus) were evaluated to determine oxidative stress biomarkers (malondialdehyde, GSH, and catalase), acetyl-cholinesterase activity, proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6), expression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), and neuronal cell morphology. DRLC (25-100 mg/kg) reversed the memory deficits in the LPS-treated mice (p < 0.05). The increased oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokines in the brain regions of the LPS-treated mice were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced by DRLC. DRLC (50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg) also reduced acetyl-cholinesterase activity and decreased NF-κB expression in the brains of LPS-treated mice. Finally, it attenuated the cytoarchitectural distortions and loss of neuronal cells of the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus that were induced by LPS in mice. The results of this study suggest that DRLC attenuates memory deficit induced by LPS in mice through mechanisms related to the inhibition of oxidative stress, release of proinflammatory cytokines, and expression of NF-κB in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Osagie Emokpae
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Neuropharmacology Unit, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Benneth Ben-Azu
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Neuropharmacology Unit, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, PAMO University of Medical Sciences, River States, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Abayomi M Ajayi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Neuropharmacology Unit, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Solomon Umukoro
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Neuropharmacology Unit, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Ojo OO, Ajayi SB, Nwaechefu OO, Ejidike IP. GC-MS Analysis and Attenuation of Bleomycin-Induced Lung Fibrosis by Fractionated Methanolic Extract of Cissampelos Owariensis in Wistar Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10496475.2019.1689541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Solomon B. Ajayi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Crawford University, Ata-Ota, Nigeria
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ogunmoyole T, Adeyeye RI, Olatilu BO, Akande OA, Agunbiade OJ. Multiple organ toxicity of Datura stramonium seed extracts. Toxicol Rep 2019; 6:983-989. [PMID: 31673500 PMCID: PMC6816135 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2019.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Datura stramonium seed ranks top among major plants commonly abused as drug in Nigeria. The present study therefore sought to unravel the target organs of toxicity as well as underscore the role of extraction solvent in the toxicity of Datura stramonium seed. Twenty male Wistar rats were randomly placed into four groups (I-IV) of five animals per group. Group I served as the control and was administered with distilled water only, while groups II, III and IV animals received 50 mg/kg body weight of aqueous, methanolic and diethylether extracts of Datura stramonium seeds by oral gavage for 14 days. Specific biomarkers of toxicity such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lipid peroxidation (MDA) were estimated in the liver, brain, kidney and heart homogenates as well as serum of experimental animals. Lipid profile and activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide (SOD) and catalase were determined in selected tissues while creatinine and urea were estimated in the kidney and serum. Results indicated that Datura stramonium seed extract generally caused a significant decrease in ALT, AST, ALP and MDA in selected tissue homogenates while these parameters increased significantly in the serum relative to the control group. Lipid profile was significantly deranged across selected tissues while SOD and catalase activity were significantly decreased relative to control. Put together, toxicity of Datura stramonium seed extract is diverse depending on the organ involved and solvent used for its extraction. Therefore, illicit use of Datura stramonium seeds as drugs among young people should be discouraged.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Temidayo Ogunmoyole
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Fadoju O, Ogunsuyi O, Akanni O, Alabi O, Alimba C, Adaramoye O, Cambier S, Eswara S, Gutleb AC, Bakare A. Evaluation of cytogenotoxicity and oxidative stress parameters in male Swiss mice co-exposed to titanium dioxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 70:103204. [PMID: 31200344 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2019.103204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
A number of studies have investigated the adverse toxic effects of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) or zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs. Information on the potential genotoxic effects of the interactions of TiO2 NPs and ZnO NPs in vivo is lacking. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the cytogenotoxicity of TiO2 NPs or ZnO NPs alone or their mixtures using the bone marrow micronucleus assay, and mechanism of damage through the evaluation of oxidative stress parameters in the liver and kidney tissues of Swiss mice. Intraperitoneal administration of doses between 9.38 and 150.00 mg/kg of TiO2 NPs or ZnO NPs or TiO2 NPs + ZnO NPs was performed for 5 and 10 days, respectively. TiO2 NPs alone induced a significant (P < 0.05) increase in micronucleated (Mn) polychromatic erythrocytes (PCEs) at the applied doses compared with the negative controls, with a significant difference between 5 and 10 days for TiO2 NPs alone and TiO2 NPs + ZnO NPs. Concurrently, TiO2 NPs alone for 5 days and TiO2 NPs and TiO2 NPs + ZnO NPs for 10 days significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the percentage PCE: normochromatic erythrocyte (NCE) indicating cytotoxicity; with a significant difference between the two periods. Significant (P < 0.001) changes in the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), and levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were observed in the liver and kidney of mice exposed to TiO2 NPs or ZnO NPs alone or their mixtures. These results suggest that TiO2 NPs alone was genotoxic; TiO2 NPs and TiO2 NPs + ZnO NPs were noticeably cytotoxic while ZnO NPs was not cytogenotoxic. The individual NPs or their mixtures induced oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Opeoluwa Fadoju
- Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olusegun Ogunsuyi
- Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olubukola Akanni
- Drug metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Okunola Alabi
- Department of Biology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Chibuisi Alimba
- Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Oluwatosin Adaramoye
- Drug metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Sebastien Cambier
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Santhana Eswara
- Materials Research and Technology (MRT) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Arno C Gutleb
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Adekunle Bakare
- Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Molehin OR, Adeyanju AA, Adefegha SA, Oyeyemi AO, Idowu KA. Protective mechanisms of protocatechuic acid against doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rat model. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 30:jbcpp-2018-0191. [PMID: 31280244 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2018-0191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Doxorubicin (DOX) induces toxicity in many tissues/organs, including the heart, kidney and so on. This study was designed to evaluate the modulatory effects of protocatechuic acid (PCA) against DOX-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Animals were randomly grouped into five groups. Methods Group 1 served as the normal control (CTR). A single dose of DOX at 20 mg/kg was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) to animals in Group 2. Groups 3 and 4 were pretreated with PCA for 5 days (doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg body weight, respectively) after which DOX was injected (PCA-10 + DOX and PCA-20 + DOX). Group 5 received PCA only at a dose of 20 mg/kg body weight (PCA-20). Results The results revealed significant elevations (p < 0.05) in malondialdehyde content, expressions of inducible nitric oxide (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) in the kidney. Likewise, increased serum levels of creatinine and urea of DOX group were observed. A significant decrease (p < 0.05) in glutathione (GSH) level and antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione s- transferase (GST) activities in the kidney were observed compared with the control. Pretreatment with PCA (10 and 20 mg/kg, p.o.) for 5 days prior to the i.p. injection of DOX reduced MDA levels, modulated iNOS and COX2 activities and improved kidney function markers as well as oxidative stress parameters. Findings from the histopathology studies confirms the protective effects of PCA on DOX-induced damage on the kidney cells. Conclusions This study has demonstrated the anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties of PCA, which could be part of its possible protective mechanisms against nephrotoxicity induced by DOX.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olorunfemi R Molehin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti P.M.B.5363, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria, Phone: +234-803-462-1267
| | - Anne A Adeyanju
- Department of Biological Sciences, McPherson University, Seriki Sotayo, Ajebo, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Stephen A Adefegha
- Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria P.M.B., 704, Akure 340001, Nigeria
| | - Ajibade O Oyeyemi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti P.M.B.5363, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Kehinde A Idowu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti., P.M.B. 5363, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ogunmoyole T, Oladele FC, Aderibigbe A, Johnson OD. Hepatotoxicity of Telfaria occidentalis root extracts on wistar albino rat. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01617. [PMID: 31111107 PMCID: PMC6512833 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigates the toxicity of Telfaria occidentalis root extracted with different solvents. This was with a view to validating its widely acclaimed use as poison in traditional parlance. Air-dried powdered root of Telfaria occidentalis was extracted separately with distilled water, methanol and diethyl ether. Twenty albino rats were randomly placed into four groups of five animals per group: Group I served as the positive control and were administered distilled water only while groups II, III and IV animals were administered 50 mg/kg body weight of aqueous, methanolic and diethyl ether extracts respectively for two weeks. Activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), superoxide dismutase and catalase were assayed in the liver homogenate and serum. Levels of total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol as well as lipid peroxidation were also measured in the liver and serum of animals. Results showed that the level of AST, ALT, ALP as well as LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol in the serum of group IV animals increased significantly relative to the control group. Antioxidant enzyme biomarkers such as catalase and superoxide dismutase as well as lipid peroxidation were significantly increased in the serum of group IV animals relative to the control. The study concluded that toxicity of root extract of Telfaria occidentalis is solvent-dependent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Temidayo Ogunmoyole
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria
| | | | - Ayonbo Aderibigbe
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Olaitan Daniel Johnson
- Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Auchi Polytechnic, Auchi, Edo State, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Adeoye B, Adeyele S, Adeyeye J, Oyerinde O, Olanrewaju M, Ani I. Therapeutic Effect of White Cabbage (Brassica oleracea) Aqueous Extract on Hyperglycemia in Prediabetes-induced Male Albino Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.3923/jas.2019.413.420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
40
|
Umukoro S, Oghwere EE, Ben-Azu B, Owoeye O, Ajayi AM, Omorogbe O, Okubena O. Jobelyn® ameliorates neurological deficits in rats with ischemic stroke through inhibition of release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and NF-κB signaling pathway. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2019; 26:77-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
|
41
|
Molehin OR, Oloyede OI. Attenuation of oxidative stress and hepatic damage by white butterfly (Clerodendrum volubile) leaves in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 30:81-89. [PMID: 30133418 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2018-0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Background The negative impact of diabetes on the liver is well documented. The white butterfly (Clerodendrum volubile) leaf has been used in traditional practices for the treatment of various diseases, such as hypertension, diabetes, and rheumatism, but without scientific validation. This work was designed to evaluate the hepatoprotective properties of Clerodendrum volubile leaves on oxidative stress in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes in rats. Methods The rats were divided into ten groups of five rats each. Diabetes was induced by a single injection of STZ (65 mg/kg body weight; i.p), while the C. volubile extract (at the respective doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight) was given to diabetic and non-diabetic rats orally for 14 days. Metformin (100 mg/kg body weight) served as the positive control. Biochemical assays were conducted on the plasma for hematological parameters, along with hepatic marker damages and antioxidant enzyme determination in vivo to assess hepatic injury. Results The diabetic control rats showed significant increase (p<0.05) in marker enzymes: aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and malondiadehyde with reduction in reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase activities and plasma total protein content. Likewise, there were alterations in hematological indices in the diabetic control rats when compared with the normal control. However, treatment with C. volubile caused a reversal of the above parameters towards normal levels, thereby suggesting the modulating effect of the extract on oxidative stress, which may be a result of the high polyphenolic content and antioxidant capacity. Conclusions The protection of the liver tissues and the modulation of oxidative stress in STZ diabetic rats compare favorably to metformin, a standard antidiabetic drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olorunfemi R Molehin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti P.M.B.5363 Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria, Phone: +234-803-462-1267, E-mail:
| | - Omotade I Oloyede
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Olanlokun JO, Balogun FA, Olorunsogo OO. Chemotherapeutic and prophylactic antimalarial drugs induce cell death through mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in murine models. Drug Chem Toxicol 2018; 44:47-57. [PMID: 30486696 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2018.1536139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Malaria is a parasitic disease that has defied many treatment plans. This study was carried out to investigate the host mitochondrial response to malarial infection and selected antimalarial chemotherapy using murine models. The effects of artesunate (ART) and proguanil (PRG) on mitochondrial Permeability Transition (mPT), mitochondrial ATPase (mATPase), level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and activities of antioxidant enzymes; catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), Xanthine oxidase (XO), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and reduced glutathione (GSH) were estimated in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice treated with ART and PRG. Besides, apoptotic markers, such as caspases 3, 9 and DNA fragmentation were estimated. Unparasitised (NORMAL) and parasitized but untreated (PU) animals were used as controls. The mPT pore opening fold of 9 (ART), 3 (PRG), and 4 (PU) were observed relative to calcium (23) for in vivo study. In vitro, graded concentrations (20, 40, 80 and 160 μg/mL) of ART gave mPT induction folds of 1, 21, 23 and 25, respectively, relative to calcium (9) while PRG did not have effect in the absence of calcium. In vivo, ART significantly (p < 0.001) enhanced mATPase activity than PRG. The PRG and ART increased the MDA levels in vivo. Oral administration of ART and PRG altered antioxidant enzymes status, Caspases 3 and 9 were significantly activated in PRG-treated groups; there was significant increase in DNA fragmentation in PU and PRG groups compared with the normal control. The results obtained showed that malaria parasite and antimalarial drugs cause mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Oludele Olanlokun
- Laboratories for Biomembrane Research and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Folashade Abimbola Balogun
- Laboratories for Biomembrane Research and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olufunso Olabode Olorunsogo
- Laboratories for Biomembrane Research and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Oludele O, Idris B, Benard O, Pius U, Olufunso O. Mondia whitei, an African Spice Inhibits Mitochondrial Permeability Transition in Rat Liver. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2018; 23:206-213. [PMID: 30386748 PMCID: PMC6195898 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2018.23.3.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mondia whitei is an African traditional spice with aphrodisiac properties. Inhibition of mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT) pore is an important cytoprotective process essential for cell survival. In this study, the effects of methanol extract (ME), dichloromethane (DCMF), ethyl acetate (EF), and methanol fractions (MF) of Mondia whitei on mPT, mitochondrial ATPase, lipid peroxidation, testosterone hormone (TH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) were investigated; sperm analyses were also carried out. Male experimental rats were treated intraperitoneally with 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg bw of ME, DCMF, EF, and MF of Mondia whitei for two weeks. The positive and the negative controls received sildenafil citrate and the vehicle, respectively. The results showed that mPT was inhibited by MF at the highest dose. The ME, DCMF, and MF did not enhance ATPase activity. The levels of TH, FSH, and LH varied linearly with the drug dose only in EF. Malondialdehyde levels in the treated groups were significantly higher than the normal control. There were no significant defects in sperm produced by the animals in all the treated groups relative to the control. This study showed that the extract and fractions of Mondia whitei have cytoprotective effects and may prevent mitochondrial-mediated cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olanlokun Oludele
- Laboratories for Biomembrane Research and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State 21540, Nigeria
| | - Bakare Idris
- Laboratories for Biomembrane Research and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State 21540, Nigeria
| | - Ofoegbu Benard
- Laboratories for Biomembrane Research and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State 21540, Nigeria
| | - Uleh Pius
- Laboratories for Biomembrane Research and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State 21540, Nigeria
| | - Olorunsogo Olufunso
- Laboratories for Biomembrane Research and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State 21540, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Umukoro S, Adeola AH, Ben-Azu B, Ajayi AM. Lemon Grass Tea Enhanced Memory Function and Attenuated Scopolamine-Induced Amnesia in Mice Via Inhibition of Oxidative Stress and Acetyl-Cholinesterase Activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10496475.2018.1520777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Solomon Umukoro
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Adeyinka Habeeb Adeola
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Benneth Ben-Azu
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Abayomi M. Ajayi
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Agunloye OM, Oboh G. Hypercholesterolemia, angiotensin converting enzyme and ecto-enzymes of purinergic system: Ameliorative properties of caffeic and chlorogenic acid in hypercholesterolemic rats. J Food Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Odunayo Michael Agunloye
- Functional Foods, Nutraceuticals and Phytomedicine Unit, Department of Biochemistry; Federal University of Technology; Akure Nigeria
| | - Ganiyu Oboh
- Functional Foods, Nutraceuticals and Phytomedicine Unit, Department of Biochemistry; Federal University of Technology; Akure Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Molehin OR, Adeyanju AA, Adefegha SA, Akomolafe SF. Protocatechuic acid mitigates adriamycin-induced reproductive toxicities and hepatocellular damage in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00580-018-2794-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
47
|
Molehin OR, Oloyede OI, Adefegha SA. Streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats: effects of White Butterfly (Clerodendrum volubile) leaves on blood glucose levels, lipid profile and antioxidant status. Toxicol Mech Methods 2018; 28:573-586. [PMID: 29781752 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2018.1479476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
White Butterfly (Clerodendrum volubile) leaf is commonly used in traditional medicine for the management of various diseases including diabetes without the full understanding of the scientific basis for its use. This study sought to evaluate the antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant effect of C. volubile leaves in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Aqueous extract of C. volubile was prepared and its effect assessed on relevant enzymes associated with diabetes. Fifty male Wistar rats were randomly separated into 10 groups each containing five rats. The induction of diabetes in rats was by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (65 mg/kg body weight) while C. volubile extract was administered orally to diabetic and non-diabetic animals, at the doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight for 14 days. Metformin (100 mg/kg body weight) served as positive control. Clerodendrum volubile extract inhibited α-glucosidase (IC50 = 0.20 mg/ml) and α-amylase (IC50 = 0.58 mg/ml). Furthermore, administration of C. volubile extract significantly reduced the elevated plasma glucose level and body weight, improved kidney functions, attenuated oxidative stress by decreasing MDA levels, enhancing superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities, reinstated the lipid profile to nearly normal level and restored pancreatic histological integrity in diabetic rats. The results reveal that C. volubile represents a source of phytochemicals that exerts their antidiabetic effects through the modulation of glycemic and atherogenic indices as well as mitigation of free-radical-mediated damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Omotade Ibidun Oloyede
- a Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science , Ekiti State University , Ado-Ekiti , Nigeria
| | - Stephen Adeniyi Adefegha
- b Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Unit, Department of Biochemistry , Federal University of Technology , Akure , Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Ajiboye BO, Ojo OA, Akuboh OS, Abiola OM, Idowu O, Amuzat AO. Anti-Hyperglycemic and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Polyphenolic-Rich Extract of Syzygium cumini Linn Leaves in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats. J Evid Based Integr Med 2018; 23:2515690X18770630. [PMID: 29756477 PMCID: PMC5954443 DOI: 10.1177/2515690x18770630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, anti-hyperglycemic and anti-inflammatory activities of polyphenolic-rich extract of Syzygium cumini leaves in alloxan-induced diabetic rats were determined. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (150 mg/kg body weight) in female Wistar rats. The rats were orally administered with 400 mg/kg free phenol, 400 mg/kg bound phenol, and 5 mg/kg metformin, respectively. On the 14th day of oral administration, the animals were sacrificed, anti-hyperglycemic and anti-inflammatory were assessed. Fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin levels; homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance scores, lipid peroxidation concentration, glucose-6-phosphatase activity, and all concentrations of anti-inflammatory studied in alloxan-induced diabetic rats were significantly ( P < .05) reduced with the administration of polyphenolic-rich extract of Syzygium cumini leaves. Also there was significant ( P < .05) increase in glycogen and insulin concentrations, pancreatic β-cell scores, antioxidant enzymes and hexokinase activities, as well as glucose transporter levels in diabetic animals administered with polyphenolic-rich extract of S cumini leaves. The results indicate that S cumini leaves possess anti-hyperglycemic and anti-inflammatory activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Basiru O Ajiboye
- 1 Biochemistry Programme, Department of Chemical Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Oluwafemi A Ojo
- 1 Biochemistry Programme, Department of Chemical Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Olivia S Akuboh
- 1 Biochemistry Programme, Department of Chemical Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Okesola M Abiola
- 1 Biochemistry Programme, Department of Chemical Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Olajumoke Idowu
- 1 Biochemistry Programme, Department of Chemical Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Aliyu O Amuzat
- 2 Department of Biochemistry, Ibrahim Babaginda University, Lapai, Niger State, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Olonode ET, Aderibigbe AO, Adeoluwa OA, Ajayi AM. Protective Effects of Morin Hydrate on Acute Stress-Induced Behavioral and Biochemical Alterations in Mice. Basic Clin Neurosci 2018; 9:195-208. [PMID: 30034650 PMCID: PMC6037426 DOI: 10.29252/nirp.bcn.9.3.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As stress affects the brain both physiologically and chemically, researchers try to find novel anti-stress compounds with beneficial therapeutic effects. In this regard, the effect of stress and its modulation by Morin hydrate was studied using different acute models in mice. METHODS The models employed were anoxic tolerance, swimming endurance, and acute restraint test. Morin hydrate or the vehicle was administered 30 minutes prior to each stress exposure while in the acute restraint test; the animals were pretreated for 7 days with Morin hydrate, vehicle, imipramine, or diazepam before stress exposure. The measured parameters were the onset of convulsion and immobility time in the anoxic tolerance and swimming endurance test, respectively, while in the acute restraint test, the animals were assessed for stress-induced anxiety using the elevated plus maze and depression using the forced swim test. Thereafter blood was withdrawn from the retro-orbital plexus and plasma separated, the brain was also isolated, homogenized, centrifuged, and the supernatant was obtained for biochemical estimation. RESULTS Morin hydrate (5, 10, 20 mg/kg) produced a significant reduction in immobility time in the swimming endurance test, while significantly increased the anoxic stress tolerance time. Acute restraint stress caused a significant decrease in reduced glutathione levels (which was reversed by Morin hydrate) and increased the level of malondialdehyde, a thiobarbituric acid reactive substance which is an index of oxidative stress and nitrite. These effects were attenuated by Morin hydrate. Also, pretreatment with Morin hydrate attenuates acute restraint stress-associated anxiety and depression, reversed the hyperglycemia evoked by the stressful exposure and normalized serum cholesterol levels. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that Morin hydrate exhibits anti-stress effects and may be useful in the relief of stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Toyin Olonode
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - Olusegun Adebayo Adeoluwa
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Abayomi Mayowa Ajayi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Neuromodulatory effect of solvent fractions of Africa eggplant (Solanium dadyphyllum) against KCN-induced mitochondria damage, viz. NADH-succinate dehydrogenase, NADH- cytochrome c reductase, and succinate-cytochrome c reductase. CLINICAL PHYTOSCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1186/s40816-018-0068-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|