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Ye Q, Zhao Y, Zhao J, Ouyang Z, Feng Y, Hu J, Su X, Chen N, Chen Y, Tan L, Feng Y, Guo Y. Prevotella, a dominant bacterium in young people with stage Ⅲ periodontitis, related to the arachidonic acid metabolism pathway. Microbes Infect 2024; 26:105316. [PMID: 38423169 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2024.105316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTS As periodontitis progresses, the oral microbiome changes dynamically. The aim of this study is to evaluate the dominant bacteria of adults with stage III periodontitis and investigate potential pathways related to the dominant bacteria. MATERIALS AND METHODS 16S rRNA sequencing was carried out to detect the differences in the oral microbiome between adult with stage Ⅰ and stage Ⅲ periodontitis and find the dominant bacteria in each group. The inhibitor of the predominant pathway for stage Ⅲ periodontitis was used to investigate the role of the dominant bacteria in periodontitis in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the α-diversity between the two groups. The results of β-diversity showed that the samples were divided into different groups according to the stage of periodontitis. The dominant bacteria in youths with stage Ⅲ periodontitis was Prevotella and may be related to the arachidonic acid metabolism pathway. Administration of SKF-86002 suppressed the expression of inflammation mediators in vivo and vitro. CONCLUSIONS Prevotella was the one dominant bacteria in young people with stage Ⅲ periodontitis and was related to the arachidonic acid metabolism pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Ye
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Digital Oral and Maxillofacial Defect Repair, Changsha, China; Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Changsha, China
| | - Yaqiong Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Digital Oral and Maxillofacial Defect Repair, Changsha, China; Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Digital Oral and Maxillofacial Defect Repair, Changsha, China; Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Changsha, China
| | - Zeyue Ouyang
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Digital Oral and Maxillofacial Defect Repair, Changsha, China; Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Changsha, China
| | - Yao Feng
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Digital Oral and Maxillofacial Defect Repair, Changsha, China; Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Digital Oral and Maxillofacial Defect Repair, Changsha, China; Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaolin Su
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Digital Oral and Maxillofacial Defect Repair, Changsha, China; Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Changsha, China
| | - Ningxin Chen
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Digital Oral and Maxillofacial Defect Repair, Changsha, China; Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Changsha, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Digital Oral and Maxillofacial Defect Repair, Changsha, China; Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Changsha, China
| | - Li Tan
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Digital Oral and Maxillofacial Defect Repair, Changsha, China; Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Changsha, China
| | - Yunzhi Feng
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Digital Oral and Maxillofacial Defect Repair, Changsha, China; Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Changsha, China.
| | - Yue Guo
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Digital Oral and Maxillofacial Defect Repair, Changsha, China; Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Changsha, China.
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Zimath PL, Almeida MS, Bruxel MA, Rafacho A. Oral mometasone furoate administration preserves anti-inflammatory action with fewer metabolic adverse effects in rats. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 210:115486. [PMID: 36893817 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exogenous glucocorticoids (CGs) possess relevant therapeutic effects but exert diabetogenic actions when in excess. Thus, ligands with potential therapeutic applications and fewer adverse effects are needed. To this, we analyzed whether mometasone furoate (MF), a CG expected to cause fewer side effects, given through systemic routes, could maintain the anti-inflammatory actions without relevant repercussions on metabolism. METHODS The anti-inflammatory effect of MF was evaluated with both peritonitis and colitis models in rodents. Glucose and lipid metabolism were investigated in male and female rats treated daily with MF with different doses and routes of administration for seven days. The involvement of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) on MF actions was assessed in animals pretreated with mifepristone. Also, the potential reversibility of the adverse effects was assessed. Dexamethasone was used as a positive control. RESULTS MF treatment resulted in glucose intolerance in male rats treated through intraperitoneal (ip) but not oral gavage route (og). In female rats, none of the routes led to glucose intolerance. MF treatment attenuated insulin sensitivity and increased pancreatic β-cell mass, regardless of the sex and route of administration. MF treatment through og route did not result in dyslipidemia, as observed in rats treated through the ip route (both sexes). The anti-inflammatory and metabolic adverse effects of MF were GR-dependent, and metabolic outcomes altered by MF administration were reversible. CONCLUSION MF maintains anti-inflammatory activity when administered by systemic routes and exerts less impact on metabolism when administered orally in male and female rats, effects that are GR-dependent and reversible. Category: Metabolic Disorders and Endocrinology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila L Zimath
- Laboratory of Investigation in Chronic Diseases - LIDoC, Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil; Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Milena S Almeida
- Laboratory of Investigation in Chronic Diseases - LIDoC, Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Maciel A Bruxel
- Laboratory of Investigation in Chronic Diseases - LIDoC, Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil; Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Alex Rafacho
- Laboratory of Investigation in Chronic Diseases - LIDoC, Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil; Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil; Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil.
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3
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Röhrl J, Piqué-Borràs MR, Jaklin M, Werner M, Werz O, Josef H, Hölz H, Ammendola A, Künstle G. Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Arnica montana Planta Tota versus Flower Extracts: Analytical, In Vitro and In Vivo Mouse Paw Oedema Model Studies. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1348. [PMID: 36987036 PMCID: PMC10053944 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Arnica montana is well known for its anti-inflammatory properties. While the anti-inflammatory activity of Arnica flowers (Arnicae flos) has been extensively studied, that of the whole plant (Arnicae planta tota) is less characterized. We compared the ability of Arnicae planta tota and Arnicae flos extracts to inhibit the pro-inflammatory NF-κB-eicosanoid pathway, using several in vitro and in vivo assays. We showed that Arnicae planta tota inhibited NF-κB reporter activation, with an IC50 of 15.4 μg/mL (vs. 52.5 μg/mL for Arnicae flos). Arnicae planta tota also inhibited LPS-induced expression of ALOX5 and PTGS2 genes in human differentiated macrophages. ALOX5 and PTGS2 encode the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzymes that initialize the conversion of arachidonic acid into leukotrienes and prostaglandins, respectively. Arnicae planta tota inhibited 5-LO and COX-2 enzymatic activity in vitro and in human primary peripheral blood cells, with lower IC50 compared to Arnicae flos. Finally, Arnicae planta tota applied topically reduced carrageenan-induced mouse paw oedema more efficiently than Arnicae flos. Altogether, Arnicae planta tota displayed a superior anti-inflammatory activity compared to Arnicae flos, suggesting that Arnicae-planta-tota-containing products might be more effective in alleviating the manifestations of acute inflammation than those based on Arnicae flos alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann Röhrl
- Preclinical Development, Weleda AG, 4144 Arlesheim, Switzerland
| | | | - Manuela Jaklin
- Preclinical Development, Weleda AG, 4144 Arlesheim, Switzerland
| | - Markus Werner
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Oliver Werz
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Heinke Josef
- Quality Control, Weleda AG, 73525 Schwäbisch Gmünd, Germany
| | - Hubert Hölz
- Quality Control, Weleda AG, 73525 Schwäbisch Gmünd, Germany
| | - Aldo Ammendola
- Research and Development, Weleda AG, 4144 Arlesheim, Switzerland
| | - Gerald Künstle
- Preclinical Development, Weleda AG, 4144 Arlesheim, Switzerland
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Guilherme VA, Cunha VRR, de Paula E, de Araujo DR, Constantino VRL. Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Evaluation of a Phytochemical Intercalated into Layered Double Hydroxide. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14050934. [PMID: 35631520 PMCID: PMC9144641 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14050934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Coumaric acid (CouH), an antioxidant molecule assimilated by food consumption, was intercalated into layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanocarrier, having zinc and aluminium ions in the layers (LDH-Cou), to evaluate its pharmacological activity through in vitro and in vivo assays in mice. Therefore, the following tests were performed: coumarate delivery in saline solution, fibroblasts’ cell viability using neutral red, peritonitis induced by carrageenan, formalin test, acetic-acid-induced writhing, and tail-flick assay, for the non-intercalated CouH and the intercalated LDH-Cou system. Furthermore, different pharmacological pathways were also investigated to evaluate their possible anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive mechanisms of action, in comparison to traditionally used agents (morphine, naloxone, caffeine, and indomethacin). The LDH-Cou drug delivery system showed more pronounced anti-inflammatory effect than CouH but not more than that evoked by the classic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) indomethacin. For the analgesic effect, according to the tail-flick test, the treatment with LDH-Cou expressively increased the analgesia duration (p < 0.001) by approximately 1.7−1.8 times compared to CouH or indomethacin. Thus, the results pointed out that the LDH-Cou system induced in vivo analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities and possibly uses similar mechanisms to that observed for classic NSAIDs, such as indomethacin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane A. Guilherme
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Tecidual, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil; (V.A.G.); (E.d.P.)
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Adventista de São Paulo—UNASP, Engenheiro Coelho 13448-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Vanessa R. R. Cunha
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo—USP, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil;
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Mato Grosso—Campus Juína—IFT-MT, Juína 78320-000, MT, Brazil
| | - Eneida de Paula
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Tecidual, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil; (V.A.G.); (E.d.P.)
| | - Daniele R. de Araujo
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC—UFABC, Santo André 09210-170, SP, Brazil
- Correspondence: (D.R.d.A.); (V.R.L.C.)
| | - Vera R. L. Constantino
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo—USP, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil;
- Correspondence: (D.R.d.A.); (V.R.L.C.)
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Ansideri F, Andreev S, Kuhn A, Albrecht W, Laufer SA, Koch P. A Diverse and Versatile Regiospecific Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Alkylsulfanylimidazoles as p38α Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Inhibitors. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23010221. [PMID: 29361698 PMCID: PMC6017033 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
An alternative strategy for the synthesis of 1-aryl- and 1-alkyl-2-methylsulfanyl-4-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-(pyridin-4-yl)imidazoles as potential p38α mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors is reported. The regioselective N-substitution of the imidazole ring was achieved by treatment of α-aminoketones with different aryl or alkyl isothiocyanates. In contrast to previously published synthesis routes starting from 2-amino-4-methylpyridine, the presented route is characterized by a higher flexibility and a lower number of steps. This strategy was also applied to access 1-alkyl-2-methylsulfanyl-5-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-(pyridin-4-yl)imidazoles in six steps starting from 2-chloro-4-methylpyridine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Ansideri
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Stanislav Andreev
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Annette Kuhn
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | | | - Stefan A Laufer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Pierre Koch
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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Koch P, Ansideri F. 2-Alkylsulfanyl-4(5)-aryl-5(4)-heteroarylimidazoles: An Overview on Synthetic Strategies and Biological Activity. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2017; 350. [PMID: 29143361 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201700258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
2-Alkylsulfanyl-4(5)-aryl-5(4)-heteroarylimidazoles represent an important class of ATP-competitive protein kinase inhibitors, offering the possibility of multiple interactions with different regions of the target enzyme. The necessity of exploring the effects of diverse chemical decorations around the imidazole core prompted the design of several synthetic routes aimed at achieving both efficiency and flexibility. Additionally, the optimization of established protocols and the extensive use of transition metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions have been broadening the spectrum of preparative methodologies within the last decade. This review summarizes the progress in the development of synthetic strategies leading to 2-alkylsulfanyl-4(5)-aryl-5(4)-heteroarylimidazoles and 1-alkyl-2-alkylsulfanyl-4(5)-aryl-5(4)-heteroarylimidazoles and offers a glance at the biological activities of this class of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Koch
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Francesco Ansideri
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Albrecht W, Unger A, Bauer SM, Laufer SA. Discovery of N-{4-[5-(4-Fluorophenyl)-3-methyl-2-methylsulfanyl-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-pyridin-2-yl}-acetamide (CBS-3595), a Dual p38α MAPK/PDE-4 Inhibitor with Activity against TNFα-Related Diseases. J Med Chem 2017; 60:5290-5305. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Albrecht
- c-a-i-r biosciences GmbH, Alfred-Mendler
Weg 25/1, D-89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Anke Unger
- c-a-i-r biosciences GmbH, Alfred-Mendler
Weg 25/1, D-89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Silke M. Bauer
- Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Department Pharmacy & Biochemistry, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Stefan A. Laufer
- Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Department Pharmacy & Biochemistry, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany
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Osman WA, Labib DA, Abdelhalim MO, Elrokh EM. Synergistic analgesic, anti-pyretic and anti-inflammatory effects of extra virgin olive oil and ibuprofen in different experimental models of albino mice. Int J Rheum Dis 2017; 20:1326-1336. [PMID: 28593696 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.13105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM Olive oil was used in the past as a remedy for many diseases due to its unlimited benefits in health. This study was carried out to assess the analgesic, anti-pyretic and anti-inflammatory activities of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) at a dose of 8 mL/kg body weight and to compare it with ibuprofen (IBU) as an individual drug therapy and in combination with two different doses of IBU (therapeutic dose 100 mg/kg and low dose 40 mg/kg), on different animal models in albino mice. METHOD A total of 132 adult healthy male Swiss albino mice were used in this study. The analgesic effect was assessed using acetic acid-induced writhing test. The antipyretic effect was evaluated by brewer's yeast-induced pyrexia, while the anti-inflammatory activity was assessed by two different models; the carrageenan-induced paw edema and the carrageenan-induced peritonitis in which the levels of total leukocyte count (TLC), neutrophil count, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and interferon gamma (INF-γ) were measured in the peritoneal exudates. RESULTS The results revealed significant protection in all the treated groups; however, the combination of EVOO with IBU at its therapeutic dose showed superiority over the two compounds when used separately. CONCLUSION Using EVOO with the therapeutic dose of IBU showed synergistic effect in controlling the cardinal signs of acute inflammation rather than using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walla'a A Osman
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dina A Labib
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona O Abdelhalim
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Elsayed M Elrokh
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Nobre da Silva FA, de Farias Freire SM, da Rocha Borges MO, Vidal Barros FE, da de Sousa M, de Sousa Ribeiro MN, Pinheiro Guilhon GMS, Müller AH, Romão Borges AC. Antinociceptive and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Triterpenes from Pluchea quitoc DC. Aerial Parts. Pharmacognosy Res 2017; 9:S1-S4. [PMID: 29333034 PMCID: PMC5757318 DOI: 10.4103/pr.pr_51_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Pluchea quitoc DC. (Asteraceae), a medicinal plant known as “quitoco,” “caculucage,” “tabacarana” and “madre-cravo,” is indicated for inflammatory conditions such as bronchitis, arthritis, and inflammation in the uterus and digestive system. Objective: This study evaluated the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of the triterpenes compounds obtained from P. quitoc aerial parts. Materials and Methods: The triterpenes compounds β-amyrin, taraxasterol and pseudo-taraxasterol in a mixture (T); β-amyrin, taraxasterol and pseudo-taraxasterol acetates in a mixture (Ta); β-amyrin, taraxasterol, pseudo-taraxasterol acetates in a mixture with β-amyrin, taraxasterol and pseudo-taraxasterol myristates (Tafe) were analyzed in the models of nociception and inflammation. The evaluation of antinociceptive activity was carried out by the acetic acid-induced writhing and tail-flick tests while leukocyte migration to the peritoneal cavity was used for anti-inflammatory profile. Results: The oral administration of T or Tafe (40 mg/kg and 70 mg/kg) and Ta (70 mg/kg) to mice reduced acetic acid-induced writhing. The tail-flick response of mice was not affected by T or Tafe (40 mg/kg). T or Tafe (40 mg/kg) and Ta (70 mg/kg) also inhibited peritoneal leukocyte infiltration following the injection of carrageenan. Conclusion: The results demonstrate the anti-inflammatory and peripheral antinociceptive activity of the triterpenes β-amyrin, taraxasterol, and pseudo-taraxasterol that were decreased when these were acetylated; while the acetylated triterpenes in mixture with myristyloxy triterpenes improved this activity. These compounds seem, at least in part, to be related to the plant’s reported activity. SUMMARY The mixtures of hydroxylated, acetylated, and myristate triterpenes isolated from hexanic extracts of Pluchea quitoc DC. were analyzed in the models of nociception and inflammation in mice. The results demonstrate the anti-inflammatory and peripheral antinociceptive activity of the triterpenes β-amyrin, taraxasterol, and pseudo-taraxasterol. This study showed too that the activity of triterpenes may be decreased by their being acetylated, while the acetylated triterpenes in mixture with myristate triterpenes improved this activity.
Abbreviations Used: T: Triterpenes compounds β-amyrin, taraxasterol, and pseudo-taraxasterol in a mixture, Ta: Triterpenes compounds β-amyrin, taraxasterol and pseudo-taraxasterol acetates in a mixture, Tafe: Triterpenes compounds β-amyrin, taraxasterol, pseudo-taraxasterol acetates in a mixture with β-amyrin, taraxasterol and pseudo-taraxasterol myristates, Ctrl: Control, Indo: Indomethacin, Dexa: Dexamethasone, EtOAc: Ethyl acetate, MeOH: Methanol.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sônia Maria de Farias Freire
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, University City, Bacanga, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | | | | | - Maria da de Sousa
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, University City, Bacanga, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Antonio Carlos Romão Borges
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, University City, Bacanga, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
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Fabri RL, Garcia RA, Florêncio JR, de Carvalho LO, de Castro Campos Pinto N, Coimbra ES, de Souza-Fagundes EM, Ribeiro A, Scio E. Pentacyclic triterpenoids from Mitracarpus frigidus (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) K. Shum: in vitro cytotoxic and leishmanicidal and in vivo anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activities. Med Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-014-1093-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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11
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Fabri RL, Garcia RA, Florêncio JR, de Castro Campos Pinto N, de Oliveira LG, Aguiar JAK, Ribeiro A, Scio E. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects of the methanolic extract of the aerial parts of Mitracarpus frigidus in established animal models. J Pharm Pharmacol 2014; 66:722-32. [PMID: 24350832 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study reports the in vivo anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects of the methanolic extract of the aerial parts of Mitracarpus frigidus (MFM) and its chemical fingerprint. METHODS The acute anti-inflammatory activity was performed using the carrageenan-induced paw oedema and peritonitis, ear oedema induced by croton oil and ethyl phenylpropiolate methods. Total COX, COX-1 and COX-2 expression was also evaluated. Chronic activity was determined by cotton pellet granuloma model. The antioxidative activity was assessed using liver tissue malondialdehyde, catalase and myeloperoxidase activities. KEY FINDINGS M. frigidus showed an intense acute anti-inflammatory action (100 and 300 mg/kg) in a nondose-dependent manner with selective inhibition of COX-2 expression. This activity may be also related to the strong antioxidative effect observed. By the other side, the chronic anti-inflammatory activity of MFM was not expressive. Kaempferol, kaempferol-O-rutenoside, rutin, ursolic acid and psychorubrin were identified in MFM. CONCLUSIONS The anti-inflammatory activity of MFM was probably due to inhibition of COX expression in a selective manner for COX-2. Other mechanisms, such as inhibition of inflammatory mediators and of the oxidative stress were possibly involved in the effects observed. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time those activities are reported for M. frigidus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Luiz Fabri
- Bioactive Natural Products Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
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Anton R, Bauer SM, Keck PRWEF, Laufer S, Rothbauer U. A p38 substrate-specific MK2-EGFP translocation assay for identification and validation of new p38 inhibitors in living cells: a comprising alternative for acquisition of cellular p38 inhibition data. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95641. [PMID: 24743242 PMCID: PMC3990705 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The fundamental role of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in inflammation underlines their importance as therapeutic targets for various inflammatory medical conditions, including infectious, vascular, neurobiological and autoimmune disease. Although decades of research have yielded several p38 inhibitors, most clinical trials have failed, due to lack of selectivity and efficacy in vivo. This underlines the continuous need to screen for novel structures and chemotypes of p38 inhibitors. Here we report an optimized MK2-EGFP translocation assay in a semi-automated image based High Content Analysis (HCA) system to screen a combinatorial library of 3362 proprietary compounds with extensive variations of chemotypes. By determining the levels of redistribution of MK2-EGFP upon activation of the Rac/p38 pathway in combination with compound treatment, new candidates were identified, which modulate p38 activity in living cells. Based on integrated analysis of TNFα release from human whole blood, biochemical kinase activity assays and JNK3 selectivity testing, we show that this cell based assay reveals a high overlap and predictability for cellular efficacy, selectivity and potency of tested compounds. As a result we disclose a new comprehensive short-list of subtype inhibitors which are functional in the low nanomolar range and might provide the basis for further lead-optimization. In accordance to previous reports, we demonstrate that the MK2-EGFP translocation assay is a suitable primary screening approach for p38-MAPK drug development and provide an attractive labor- and cost saving alternative to other cell based methods including determination of cytokine release from hPBMCs or whole blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Anton
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tuebingen, Reutlingen, Germany; Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Silke M Bauer
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Laufer
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Rothbauer
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tuebingen, Reutlingen, Germany; Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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Goyal M, Ghosh M, Nagori B, Sasmal D. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory studies of cyclopeptide alkaloid fraction of leaves of Ziziyphus nummularia. Saudi J Biol Sci 2013; 20:365-71. [PMID: 24235873 PMCID: PMC3824144 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2013.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2013] [Revised: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ziziyphus nummularia (family: Rhamnaceae) is a thorny small bush, grows in abundance in the grazing lands of the arid areas of Rajasthan, India. It is an important ethnomedicinal plant of the Thar Desert; local inhabitants use every part of the plant as medicine. Kernels are prescribed in pregnancy as soporific, antiemetic and for relieving abdominal pain. The insect gall is powered and given orally with water to cure bone fracture. Crushed root is applied on the paining shoulder of the bullock. The decoction of leaves is used for the treatment of cough and cold; leaves are also regarded as diaphoretic and prescribed in typhoid. Paste of leaves is used for healing of cuts, boils and cutaneous disease. It is widely used in pain and inflammatory conditions. Z. nummularia contains a unique group of alkaloids known as cyclopeptide alkaloids, in continuation of our work carried out on the leaves of Z. nummularia , present study was initiated to explore antiinflammatory and analgesic potential of cyclopeptide alkaloids isolated from the leaves of Z. nummularia (IFZN). Anti-inflammatory activity was tested against rat paw oedema, mouse peritonitis and cotton pellet granuloma. For screening of analgesic activity, acetic acid induced writhing, tail flick and hot plate test were performed. IFZN 30 mg/kg shows the anti-oedematogenic effect against paw oedema induced by carrageenan, dextran, serotonin and histamine; IFZN 20 and 30 mg/kg were found to have highly significant anti-nociceptive effects. Result of pharmacological studies indicated that IFZN is a potent and efficacious analgesic agent. The analgesic activity of IFZN is mediated by the peripheral as well as central pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Goyal
- Lachoo Memorial College of Science and Technology, Pharmacy Wing, Jodhpur, 342008 Rajasthan, India
| | - Manik Ghosh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, BIT Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - B.P. Nagori
- Lachoo Memorial College of Science and Technology, Pharmacy Wing, Jodhpur, 342008 Rajasthan, India
| | - D. Sasmal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, BIT Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
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Zhang CX, Dai ZR, Cai QX. Anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activities of Sipunculus nudus L. extract. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 137:1177-1182. [PMID: 21807085 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2011] [Revised: 06/02/2011] [Accepted: 07/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Sipunculus nudus has long been employed as traditional Chinese medicine in folk remedies for the treatment of carbuncles, tuberculosis and nocturia, regulating the functions of stomach and spleen, as well as for the restoration to health in debilities caused by various pathogens and aging. Decoction of Sipunculus nudus has traditionally been used to remedy sternalgia in folk medicine. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to assess the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activity of the water extract from Sipunculus nudus. MATERIALS AND METHODS The water extract from the body wall of Sipunculus nudus was obtained with the yield of 14.1%. The anti-inflammatory effect in six animal models and anti-nociceptive effect in two animal models of the water extract were evaluated by oral for the study. RESULTS Pretreatment with the extract (at the dose of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) produced significant dose-dependent anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects. At 200 mg/kg dose, the inhibition ratio of the extract on carrageenan-induced rat hind paw oedema, dextran-induced rat paw oedema, cotton pellet granuloma in rats, carrageenan-induced peritonitis and acetic acid-induced vascular permeability were 59.2%, 51.0%, 53.1%, 42.5%, 50.8%, better than that of indomethacin (5 mg/kg) 49.5%, 50%, 44.4%, 37.6%, 46.8%, respectively. The inhibition ratio of the extract (200 mg/kg dose) on xylene-induced mouse ear oedema was 61.5%, lower than 63.7% for indomethacin (5 mg/kg). At 200mg/kg, the extract decreased number of writhing 52.3% in acetic acid-induced writhing model and increased the response latency 25.24% in hot plate test. CONCLUSIONS The water extract from the body wall of Sipunculus nudus possesses excellent anti-inflammatory activity as well as peripheral and central analgesic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Xiao Zhang
- Department of Marine Science, Qinzhou University, 89 Xihuan South Road, Qinzhou 535000, China.
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Gouveia MGS, Xavier MA, Barreto AS, Gelain DP, Santos JPA, Araújo AAS, Silva FA, Quintans JS, Agra MF, Cabral AGS, Tavares JF, Silva MS, Quintans-Júnior LJ. Antioxidant, antinociceptive, and anti-inflammatory properties of the ethanolic extract of Combretum duarteanum in rodents. J Med Food 2011; 14:1389-96. [PMID: 21663477 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2010.0212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The antioxidant, antinociceptive, and anti-inflammatory activities of the ethanolic extract from leaves of Combretum duarteanum (EEC) were assessed in rodents through in vitro tests. The antioxidant activity was investigated by using thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS), hydroxyl radical-scavenging, and scavenging activity of nitric oxide assays. The antinociceptive activity was investigated by using acetic acid-induced writhing, formalin, and hot-plate tests in mice. The anti-inflammatory activity was assessed in rats by using the carrageenan-induced hind-paw edema test and arachidonic acid-induced paw edema test. EEC possesses a strong antioxidant potential according to the TBARS, nitric oxide, and hydroxyl radical-scavenging assays; it also presented scavenger activity in all in vitro tests. After intraperitoneal injection, EEC (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) significantly reduced the number of writhes (38.1%, 90.6%, and 97.8%, respectively) in a writhing test and the number of paw licks during phase 1 (30.5% and 69.5%, higher doses) and phase 2 (38.1%, 90.6%, and 97.8%, all doses) of a formalin test when compared with the control group. Naloxone (1.5 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) antagonized the antinociceptive action of EEC (400 mg/kg), and this finding suggests participation of the opioid system. Administration of 200 and 400 mg/kg (intraperitoneally) of EEC exhibited an anti-inflammatory activity in the carrageenin test, which was based on interference with prostaglandin synthesis. This finding was confirmed by the arachidonic acid test. Together, these results indicate that properties of EEC might be further explored in the search for newer tools to treat painful inflammatory conditions, including those related to pro-oxidant states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos G S Gouveia
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
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Chandrashekar KS, Prasanna KS, Abinash B. Anti-inflammatory effect of the methanol extract from Anthocephalus cadamba stem bark in animal models. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2010. [DOI: 10.4081/pb.2010.e6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:<em> Anthocephalus cadamba </em>(Rebox)Miq. (Rubiaceae) is widely distributed throughout the greater part of India, especially at low levels in wet place. Traditionally the bark is used as tonic, febrifuge and to reduce the pain and inflammation. The anti-inflammatory effect of methanol extract obtained from <span style="font-style: italic;"> Anthocephalus cadamba </span> aerial parts, MEAC, were investigated in this study. Design and methods: The effects of MEAC on the acute and chronic phases of inflammation were studied in carrageenan, dextran and mediators (histamine and serotonin) induced paw edema and cotton pallet-induced granuloma, respectively. The anti-edema effect of MEAC was compared with 10 mg/kg of indomethacin orally. Results: The results suggested that MEAC possess potent anti-inflammatory activity. The acute inflammatory model showed that all the doses of MEAC effectively suppressed the edema produced by histamine, so it may be suggested that its anti-inflammatory activity is possibly backed by its antihistaminic activity. In chronic inflammatory model the effect may be due to the cellular migration to injured sites and accumulation of collagen and mucopolysaccharide. Conclusions: On the basis of these findings, it may be inferred that <span style="font-style: italic;"> Anthocephalus cadamba </span> is an anti-inflammatory agent and the results are in agreement with its traditional use.
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Roome T, Dar A, Naqvi S, Ali S, Choudhary MI. Aegiceras corniculatum extract suppresses initial and late phases of inflammation in rat paw and attenuates the production of eicosanoids in rat neutrophils and human platelets. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2008; 120:248-254. [PMID: 18809484 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2008.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2007] [Revised: 07/05/2008] [Accepted: 08/23/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY The present study is designed to explore the anti-inflammatory potential of Aegiceras corniculatum Linn. Blanco stems extracts and their mechanism of action against various pro-inflammatory mediators and to validate its traditional use against inflammatory diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rat paw edema and peritonitis models were employed for in vivo studies. For in vitro studies human platelets and rat neutrophils were stimulated with Ca(2+)-ionophore A23187 leading to the production of various pro-inflammatory metabolites, i.e., 12-HTT, 12-HETE and LTB(4) and 5-HETE which were quantified by HPLC. RESULTS The highly polar methanol extract (100mg/kg) caused approximately 90% reduction in the carrageenan- and prostaglandin E2-induced paw edema in rats. It also caused the inhibition of cycloxygenase-1 metabolite, 12-HHT (IC(50) 41.1+/-1.5microg/ml) with a concomitant rise in 12-lipoxygenase metabolite, 12-HETE in A23187 stimulated human platelets. Conversely, the non-polar hexane extract attenuated (IC(50) 0.36+/-0.12microg/ml) 12-HETE formation with a parallel rise in 12-HHT, thereby displaying a selectivity towards 12-lipoxygenase. Non-polar hexane extract also antagonized the production of 5-lipoxygenase metabolites, i.e., leukotriene B(4) and 5-HETE in the rat neutrophils. Furthermore, ethyl acetate extract inhibited both COX and 5-LOX with a marked decline in the production of 12-HHT (IC(50) 0.08+/-0.002microg/ml) and LTB(4) (IC(50) 0.86+/-0.03microg/ml), respectively. The anti-inflammatory effect of hexane and ethyl acetate extracts was also reflected by the diminution of carrageenan-induced cell infiltration in rat peritoneum. Additionally, plant extracts caused approximately 60% suppression in dextran-induced paw edema implying that they also ameliorate histamine and serotonin release. CONCLUSION Hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts derived from Aegiceras corniculatum possess significant anti-inflammatory activity via multiple mechanisms and validate their traditional use against inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talat Roome
- International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
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Gupta M, Mazumder UK, Kumar RS, Gomathi P, Rajeshwar Y, Kakoti BB, Selven VT. Anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic effects of methanol extract from Bauhinia racemosa stem bark in animal models. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2005; 98:267-273. [PMID: 15814258 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2005.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2004] [Revised: 12/30/2004] [Accepted: 01/05/2005] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic effects of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight of methanol extract obtained from Bauhinia racemosa stem bark, the so-called MEBR, were investigated. The effects of MEBR on the acute and chronic phases of inflammation were studied in carrageenan, dextran and mediators (histamine and serotonin)-induced paw oedema and cotton pellet-induced granuloma, respectively. Analgesic effect of MEBR was evaluated in acetic acid-induced writhing and hotplate tests. Antipyretic activity of MEBR was evaluated by yeast-induced hyperpyrexia in rats. The anti-oedema effect of MEBR was compared with 10 mg/kg of indomethacin orally. In acute phase of inflammation, a maximum inhibition of 44.9, 43.2, 44.8 and 45.9% (P<0.001) was noted at the dose of 200 mg/kg b.w. after 3h of treatment with MEBR in carrageenan, dextran, histamine and serotonin-induced paw oedema, respectively. Administration of MEBR (200 mg/kg b.w.) and indomethacin (10 mg/kg b.w.) significantly (P<0.05) decreased the formation of granuloma tissue induced by cotton pellet method at a rate of 50.4 and 56.2%, respectively. The extract also inhibited peritoneal leukocyte migration in mice. The MEBR also produced significant (P<0.01) analgesic activity in both models. Further, the MEBR potentiated the morphine- and aspirin-induced analgesic in mice. Treatment with MEBR showed a significant (P<0.01) dose-dependent reduction in pyrexia in rats. The results suggest that MEBR possess potent anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700 032, India
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19
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de Fátima Arrigoni-Blank M, Dmitrieva EG, Franzotti EM, Antoniolli AR, Andrade MR, Marchioro M. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of Peperomia pellucida (L.) HBK (Piperaceae). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2004; 91:215-8. [PMID: 15120441 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2003.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2001] [Revised: 10/31/2003] [Accepted: 12/18/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
An aqueous extract of the aerial part of Peperomia pellucida (L.) HBK (Piperaceae) was tested for anti-inflammatory (paw edema induced by carrageenin and arachidonic acid) and analgesic activity (abdominal writhes and hot plate) in rats and mice, respectively. Oral administration of 200 and 400 mg/kg of the aqueous extract exhibited an anti-inflammatory activity in the carrageenin test, which was based on interference with prostaglandin synthesis, as confirmed by the arachidonic acid test. In the abdominal writhing test induced by acetic acid, 400 mg/kg of the plant extract had the highest analgesic activity, whereas in the hot-plate test the best dose was 100 mg/kg. The LD(50) showed that Peperomia pellucida (5000 mg/kg) presented low toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria de Fátima Arrigoni-Blank
- Laboratório de Farmacologia, Departamento de Fisiologia/CCBS, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Campus Universitário, São Cristóvão, SE CEP 49100-000, Brazil
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20
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Newton R, Holden N. Inhibitors of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase: potential as anti-inflammatory agents in asthma? BioDrugs 2004; 17:113-29. [PMID: 12641490 DOI: 10.2165/00063030-200317020-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is an inflammatory disease of the airways, which in patients with mild to moderate symptoms is adequately controlled by either beta(2)-adrenoceptor agonists or corticosteroids, or a combination of both. Despite this, there are classes of patients that fail to respond to these treatments. In addition, there is a general trend towards increasing morbidity and mortality due to asthma, which suggests that there is a need for new and improved treatments. The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) represent a point of convergence for multiple signalling processes that are activated in inflammation and that impact on a diverse range of events that are important in inflammation. Small molecule pyridinyl imidazole inhibitors of p38 MAPK have proved to be highly effective in reducing various parameters of inflammation, in particular cytokine expression. Like corticosteroids, inhibitors of p38 MAPK appear to be able to repress gene expression at multiple levels, for example, by transcriptional, posttranscriptional and translational repression, and this raises the possibility of a similarly broad spectrum of anti-inflammatory activities. Indeed these molecules have proved to be effective in numerous in vitro and in vivo models of inflammation and septicaemia, which suggests that such compounds may be effective as therapeutic agents against inflammatory disorders. Despite these very promising indications of the possible therapeutic use of p38 MAPK inhibitors, a number of events that are p38-dependent are in fact also beneficial to the resolution or modulation of diseases such as asthma. We conclude that the overall effect of p38 MAPK inhibition would be beneficial in inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and asthma. However, these drugs may result in a complex phenotype that will require careful evaluation. Currently, a number of second or third generation inhibitors of p38 MAPK are being tested in phase I and phase II clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Newton
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
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Gupta M, Mazumdar UK, Sivakumar T, Vamsi MLM, Karki SS, Sambathkumar R, Manikandan L. Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of chloroform extract of Bryonia laciniosa in experimental animal models. Biol Pharm Bull 2003; 26:1342-4. [PMID: 12951483 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.26.1342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The anti-inflammatory effect of the leaves of Bryonia laciniosa was evaluated using carrageenan, dextran, histamine, serotonin induced rat paw oedema and cotton pellet induced granuloma (chronic) models in rats. In mice, carrageenan peritonitis test was performed for the extract by oral administration. The chloroform extract of Bryonia laciniosa (CEBL) exhibited significant anti-inflammatory effect at the dose 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg. Maximum inhibition (52.4%) was noted at the dose of 200 mg/kg after 3 h of drug treatment in carrageenan induced paw oedema, whereas the indomethacin (standard drug) produced 62.1% of inhibition. The extract exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity in dextran induced paw oedema in a dose dependent manner. The extract also exhibited significant inhibition on the hind paw oedema in rats caused by histamine and serotonin respectively. In the chronic model (cotton pellet induced granuloma) the CEBL (200 mg/kg) and standard drug showed decreased formation of granuloma tissue by 50.1 and 57.3% (p<0.001) respectively. The extract also inhibited peritoneal leukocyte migration in mice. Thus, the present study revealed that the chloroform extract of Bryonia laciniosa exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity in the tested models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malaya Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Calcutta, India.
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Gokhale AB, Damre AS, Kulkami KR, Saraf MN. Preliminary evaluation of anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activity of S. lappa, A. speciosa and A. aspera. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2002; 9:433-437. [PMID: 12222664 DOI: 10.1078/09447110260571689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Saussurea lappa, Argyreia speciosa and Achyranthes aspera are well known Indian medicinal plants used in the indigenous systems of medicine for the treatment of inflammatory conditions. The ethanolic extracts of the plants at the doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o. were screened for their effect on acute and chronic inflammation induced in mice and rats. S. lappa and A. speciosa were found to significantly inhibit paw edema induced by carrageenan and Freund's complete adjuvant and to prevent accumulation of inflammatory cells in carrageenan-induced peritonitis at doses of 50-200 mg/kg. A. aspera inhibited these inflammatory responses at doses of 100-200 mg/kg. The studies reveal that the ethanolic extracts of S. lappa, A. speciosa and A. aspera possess anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activity and support the rationale behind the traditional use of these plants in inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Gokhale
- Department of Pharmacology, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Kalina, Mumbai, India
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Adams JL, Badger AM, Kumar S, Lee JC. p38 MAP kinase: molecular target for the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2002; 38:1-60. [PMID: 11774793 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6468(08)70091-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J L Adams
- Smith Kline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, PA 19406, USA
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Alvarado-Kristensson M, Porn-Ares MI, Grethe S, Smith D, Zheng L, Andersson T. p38 Mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activities have opposite effects on human neutrophil apoptosis. FASEB J 2002; 16:129-31. [PMID: 11729103 DOI: 10.1096/fj.01-0817fje] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophil apoptosis is essential for resolution of inflammatory reactions. Here, we studied the role of two apoptosis/survival-associated protein kinases in this process. We discovered a previously undetected early and transient inhibition of the activity of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) during both spontaneous and Fas-induced apoptosis. Pharmacological inhibition of this enzyme augmented the activation of caspases and the apoptotic response, which suggests that the p38 MAPK signals survival in neutrophils. Our finding that caspase-3 activity was initiated during the transient inhibition of p38 MAPK suggests that apoptosis is initiated during this inhibition. Furthermore, such transient inhibition was counteracted by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, which elicits survival. We also found that neither this inhibition of p38 MAPK nor the spontaneous apoptotic response depended on Fas. Instead, the early inhibition of p38 MAPK concurred with a Fas-induced activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, inhibition of which reduced apoptosis. Thus, the Fas-induced augmentation of spontaneous apoptosis can be explained by its activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. We conclude that p38 MAPK activity represents a survival signal that is inactivated transiently during both spontaneous and Fas-induced apoptosis, whereas Fas-induced phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity is a proapoptotic signal in isolated human neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Alvarado-Kristensson
- Experimental Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, U-MAS, S-205 02 Malmö, Sweden
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Nick JA, Avdi NJ, Young SK, Knall C, Gerwins P, Johnson GL, Worthen GS. Common and distinct intracellular signaling pathways in human neutrophils utilized by platelet activating factor and FMLP. J Clin Invest 1997; 99:975-86. [PMID: 9062356 PMCID: PMC507906 DOI: 10.1172/jci119263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Stimulation of human neutrophils with chemoattractants FMLP or platelet activating factor (PAF) results in different but overlapping functional responses. We questioned whether these differences might reflect patterns of intracellular signal transduction. Stimulation with either PAF or FMLP resulted in equivalent phosphorylation and activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPk) homologue 38-kD murine MAP kinase homologous to HOG-1 (p38) MAPk. Neither FMLP nor PAF activated c-jun NH2-terminal MAPk (JNKs). Under identical conditions, FMLP but not PAF, resulted in significant p42/44 (ERK) MAPk activation. Both FMLP and PAF activated MAP kinase kinase-3 (MKK3), a known activator of p38 MAPk. Both MAP ERK kinase kinase-1 (MEKK1) and Raf are activated strongly by FMLP, but minimally by PAF. Pertussis toxin blocked FMLP-induced activation of the p42/44 (ERK) MAPk cascade, but not that of p38 MAPk. A specific p38 MAPk inhibitor (SK&F 86002) blocked superoxide anion production in response to FMLP and reduced adhesion and chemotaxis in response to PAF or FMLP. These results demonstrate distinct patterns of intracellular signaling for two chemoattractants and suggest that selective activation of intracellular signaling cascades may underlie different patterns of functional responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Nick
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Center for Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Denver, Colorado 80206, USA
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Ahumada C, Sáenz T, García D, De La Puerta R, Fernandez A, Martinez E. The effects of a triterpene fraction isolated from Crataegus monogyna Jacq. on different acute inflammation models in rats and mice. Leucocyte migration and phospholipase A2 inhibition. J Pharm Pharmacol 1997; 49:329-31. [PMID: 9231356 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1997.tb06806.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The plant Crataegus monogyna has action against cardiac insufficiency, angina and arrhythmia. The anti-inflammatory properties of the cycloartenol fraction from this plant have been investigated. Chromatographic fractionation of the hexane extract of Crataegus monogyna Jacq. (Rosaceae) furnished a triterpene fraction containing cycloartenol as the main component (80.87%). The anti-inflammatory activity of the fraction was tested against hind-paw oedema induced by carrageenan in rats. At the highest oral dose (40 mg kg-1) inhibition was 61.5 and 52.5% at 3 and 5 h respectively. In the mouse carrageenan peritonitis test, the triterpene fraction given orally inhibited peritoneal leucocyte infiltration (41.9, 64.7 and 89.4% at 10, 20 and 40 mg kg-1, respectively). The fraction also showed weak inhibition of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) in-vitro. These results suggest that the fraction containing cycloartenol as the main component exerts an important anti-inflammatory action in-vivo by reducing the oedema.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ahumada
- Departamento de Farmacia, Tecnología Farmacéutica y Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Sevilla, Spain
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Singh S, Majumdar DK, Rehan HM. Evaluation of anti-inflammatory potential of fixed oil of Ocimum sanctum (Holybasil) and its possible mechanism of action. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 1996; 54:19-26. [PMID: 8941864 DOI: 10.1016/0378-8741(96)83992-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The fixed oil of Ocimum sanctum (Labiatae) was found to possess significant anti-inflammatory activity against carrageenan- and different other mediator-induced paw edema in rats. Significant inhibitory effect was also observed in castor oil-induced diarrhoea in rats. It also inhibited arachidonic acid and leukotriene-induced paw edema. The results of anti-inflammatory activity of Ocimum sanctum support the dual inhibition of arachidonate metabolism as indicated by its activity in inflammation models that are insensitive to selective cyclooxygenase inhibitors. On the basis of the findings it may be inferred that Ocimum sanctum may be a useful anti-inflammatory agent which blocks both the pathways, i.e. cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase, or arachidonic acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Singh
- College of Pharmacy (University of Delhi), New Delhi, India
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De La Puerta R, Martinez E, Bravo L, Ahumada MC. Effect of silymarin on different acute inflammation models and on leukocyte migration. J Pharm Pharmacol 1996; 48:968-70. [PMID: 8910865 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1996.tb06014.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In-vivo anti-inflammatory activity of silymarin was tested in different acute inflammation experimental models. In carrageenan-induced paw oedema in rats, silymarin given orally reduced in a dose-dependent manner the food-pad abscesses (ED50 = 62.42 mg kg-1). In xylene-induced ear mouse inflammation, silymarin applied topically was more effective than administered intraperitoneally, with effects comparable with those of indomethacin. Silymarin also produced a dose-dependent inhibition of leukocyte accumulation in inflammatory exudates following intraperitoneal injection of carrageenan in mice; silymarin significantly reduced the number of neutrophils. Silymarin was unable to inhibit phospholipase A2 in an in-vitro assay. Besides its known anti-oxidative properties and its ability to act as a radical scavenger, these results suggest that silymarin exerts an important anti-inflammatory action in-vivo by reducing oedema with the effect markedly influenced by the inhibition of neutrophil migration into the inflamed site.
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Affiliation(s)
- R De La Puerta
- Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnologia Farmaceutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Sevilla, Spain
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29
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Reddy MP, Webb EF, Cassatt D, Maley D, Lee JC, Griswold DE, Truneh A. Pyridinyl imidazoles inhibit the inflammatory phase of delayed type hypersensitivity reactions without affecting T-dependent immune responses. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY 1994; 16:795-804. [PMID: 7843851 DOI: 10.1016/0192-0561(94)90053-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The effects of pyridinyl imidazoles, specifically SK&F 105809 and its metabolite, on normal T-cell and B-cell mediated immune responses were examined and compared to the fungal macrolide immunosuppressives, cyclosporin A, FK506 and rapamycin and to the corticosteroid, dexamethasone. The orally active prodrug SK&F 105809 [2-(4-methylsulfinylphenyl)-3-(4-pyridyl)-6,7-dihydro-[5H]-pyrrolo [1,2-a] imidazole[ and its metabolite, SK&F 105561 [2-(4-methylthiophenyl)-3-(4-pyridyl)-6,7-dihydro-[5H]-pyrrolo[1,2 -a] imidazole] are dual 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) and cycloxygenase (CO) inhibitors with potent anti-inflammatory and cytokine (IL-1/TNF) suppressive activities. The anti-inflammatory activity of SK&F 105809 and its metabolite were evaluated in an antigen-specific murine model of delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) response, where they were found to affect only the inflammatory and not the induction phase of this response. In contrast, these compounds and other pyridinyl imidazoles (SK&F 86002 and its analog, SK&F 104351) exhibited no immunosuppressive activity under conditions where the macrolide rapamycin and the corticosteroid dexamethasone abrogated both the cellular and humoral immune responses. Thus, the ability of pyridinyl imidazoles to attenuate independently the inflammatory components of the disease without causing generalized immunosuppression enhances their profile as candidates for therapy of chronic inflammatory diseases, specifically those mediated by cytokines (e.g. IL-1, TNF) and eicosanoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Reddy
- Department of Molecular Immunology, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, PA 19406
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Abstract
Data from several laboratories suggest a role for a variety of cytokines in the process of bone resorption. SK&F 86002 [5-(4-pyridyl)-6(4-fluorophenyl)-2,3-dihydroimidazo(2,1-b) thiazole], a potent cytokine-suppressive anti-inflammatory agent, has been shown to inhibit cyclooxygenase (CO) and 5-lipoxygenase (LO) activity and to inhibit the production of cytokines both in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, SK&F 86002 inhibited fetal rat long bone (FRLB) resorption induced by parathyroid hormone (PTH), 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide in a dose-dependent (IC50 of 0.5-1 microM) and reversible manner. Under identical conditions, selective CO inhibitors (indomethacin, ibuprofen, naproxen) and 5-LO inhibitors (phenidone, SK&F 107649) were inactive. Analogs of SK&F 86002, which are dual CO/LO inhibitors devoid of cytokine inhibitory activity (SK&F 81114 and SK&F 86055), also failed to significantly inhibit PTH-induced FRLB resorption. Analogs of SK&F 86002, which retain cytokine inhibitory activity (SK&F 104493 and SK&F 105561), inhibit bone resorption. These data indicate that the observed inhibition of bone resorption by compounds of this class correlates with their cytokine suppressive activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Votta
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, PA
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31
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Shilcrat S, Lantos I, Mcguire M, Pridgen L, Davis L, Eggleston D, Staiger D, Webb L. Heteroarylation of 6-Aryl-2,3-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole withN-(Ethoxycarbonyl)heteroaromatic Salts. J Heterocycl Chem 1993. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570300634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Lee JC, Badger AM, Griswold DE, Dunnington D, Truneh A, Votta B, White JR, Young PR, Bender PE. Bicyclic imidazoles as a novel class of cytokine biosynthesis inhibitors. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1993; 696:149-70. [PMID: 8109825 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb17149.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J C Lee
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, SmithKline Beechman Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406
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Olivera DL, Laydon JT, Hillegass L, Badger AM, Lee JC. Effects of pyridinyl imidazole compounds on murine TNF-alpha production. AGENTS AND ACTIONS 1993; 39 Spec No:C55-7. [PMID: 8273586 DOI: 10.1007/bf01972719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The effects of SK&F 86002 and other pyridinyl imidazole compounds on murine cytokine production were investigated. In vitro, SK&F 86002 inhibited LPS stimulated TNF-alpha production by the RAW 264.7 cell line and by oil elicited peritoneal macrophages with an IC50 of 5 microM. In general, the activity was reflective of previous results obtained with human monocytes as SK&F 86002 and its analogs demonstrated identical rank order potency for TNF-alpha inhibition in both species. These compounds also inhibited TNF-alpha in vivo in a murine model of endotoxin shock. Following oral administration, SK&F 86002 and its analogs reduced serum TNF-alpha levels by > 80% and afforded 100% protection from lethality. In contrast, tenidap, a novel anti-inflammatory drug, had minimal to no effect on murine TNF-alpha production in the same assays. These data further extend the pharmacological profile of the pyridinyl imidazoles by demonstrating that these compounds potently inhibit murine TNF-alpha production both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Olivera
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, PA 19406-0939
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34
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Haynes WL, Hirakata A, Proia AD. Inhibition of corneal neovascularization in the rat by SK&F 86002, a dual inhibitor of arachidonic acid metabolism. Exp Eye Res 1992; 55:189-91. [PMID: 1383019 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4835(92)90108-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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35
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Batt DG. 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors and their anti-inflammatory activities. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 1992; 29:1-63. [PMID: 1475368 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6468(08)70004-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A wide variety of agents have been reported as 5-LO inhibitors. The majority of the series appear to be lipophilic reducing agents, including phenols, partially saturated aromatics, and compounds containing heteroatom-heteroatom bonds. Many of these are not selective 5-LO inhibitors, but often affect CO and other LOs as well. In vivo systemic activity for many of these has been, in general, disappointing, probably because of poor bioavailability caused by lipophilicity and metabolic instability (oxidation, and conjugation of phenolic compounds). However, topically a number of agents have shown promise for skin inflammation, with Syntex's lonapalene the most advanced of these. Most results published to date appear more disappointing in the allergy/asthma field. More excitingly, a few structural types are selective 5-LO inhibitors which have shown systemic activity in vivo and in the clinic. Abbott's zileuton (136) appears to be one of the leading compounds in this category, along with other hydroxamates such as BW-A4C (129) from Burroughs-Wellcome. Recent selective non-reducing agents such as Wyeth-Ayerst's Wy-50,295 (143) and the similar ICI compounds such as ICI 216800 (145) also hold promise. The enantiospecific effects of (106) and (145) are especially interesting for the design of new inhibitors. If compounds like these validate the hypothesis that inhibition of 5-LO will have a significant anti-inflammatory effect, a redoubling of effort throughout the industry to find second- and third-generation selective agents may be expected. Part of the difficulty in interpreting and comparing the 5-LO literature is the plethora of test methods and activity criteria. As pointed out in the introduction, inhibition of product release from cells, often stimulated with A23187, has commonly been used to demonstrate 5-LO inhibition. However, this type of assay cannot be assumed to be diagnostic for 5-LO inhibition. Only if specificity for 5-LO product generation and (ideally) activity in cell-free enzymes is also shown should mechanistic interpretations be made. Recently, a new class of compounds was found at Merck which inhibited LT biosynthesis without inhibiting 5-LO, but apparently by a novel, specific mechanism. L-655,240 (169) and L-663,536 (MK-886) (170) were both active in human ISN, with IC50 values in the low micromolar range. Both also orally inhibited GPB (< 1 mg/kg). MK-886 was effective in Ascaris-induced asthma in squirrel monkeys, in rat carrageenan pleurisy, in rat Arthus pleurisy, and (topically) in guinea-pig ear oedema induced by A23187.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Batt
- Inflammatory Diseases Research, Du Pont Merck Pharmaceutical Co., Wilmington, DE 19880-0353
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Vulliemoz Y. The myocardial depressant effect of volatile anesthetics does not involve arachidonic acid metabolites or pertussis toxin-sensitive G proteins. Eur J Pharmacol 1991; 203:345-51. [PMID: 1773821 DOI: 10.1016/0014-2999(91)90889-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The involvement of the phospholipid-arachidonic acid pathway and of a pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein in the myocardial depressant effect of volatile anesthetics was examined in the rat heart left papillary muscle and atria. Neither phospholipase A2, cyclooxygenase or lipoxygenase antagonists altered the potency or the efficacy of clinically used concentrations of halothane and isoflurane in decreasing the contractile force of the muscles. Pretreatment of rats with pertussis toxin (50 micrograms/kg i.v., 72 h before sacrifice), which abolished the myocardial depressant effect of muscarinic agonists, did not prevent the decrease in contractile force induced by the anesthetics. The results of this study indicate that the cellular mechanism of the myocardial depressant effect of volatile anesthetics does not involve a metabolite of the phospholipid-arachidonic acid pathway, does not require a functional pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein, and differs from that of muscarinic agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Vulliemoz
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032
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Panetta JA, Benslay DN, Shadle JK, Towner RD, Ho PP. Anti-inflammatory effects of LY221068 and LY269415. AGENTS AND ACTIONS 1991; 34:100-2. [PMID: 1793009 DOI: 10.1007/bf01993249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
LY221068, 5-[[3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxy phenyl]methylene]-3-(dimethylamino)-4-thiazolidinone, and the monomethylamino analog, LY269415, are anti-oxidants and potent inhibitors of iron dependent lipid peroxidation and 5-lipoxygenase enzyme. Since oxygen radical species, lipid peroxides and products of the arachidonic acid cascade have been implicated as important mediators in a variety of inflammatory diseases including arthritis, LY221068 and LY269415 were studied in the Freund's Complete Adjuvant Induced Arthritis (FCA) model in rats. The compounds were administered orally and inhibition of bone damage and paw swelling of both the injected and uninjected paws was assessed. At 50 mg/kg p.o., LY221068 inhibited soft tissue swelling in the uninjected paw by 72% while LY269415 at 25 mg/kg p.o. exhibited 74% inhibition. Bone damage was also significantly inhibited by both compounds. In a dose response study, the minimum effective dose for LY221068 was 10 mg/kg p.o. and for LY269415 was 5 mg/kg p.o. In the established FCA model in rats, LY221068 at 50 mg/kg p.o. inhibited the uninjected paw swelling by 71% while LY269415 at 25 mg/kg p.o. inhibited 70%. These results suggest that LY221068 and LY269415 may be useful in the treatment of arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Panetta
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indiannapolis, Indiana 46285
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Colorado A, Slama JT, Stavinoha WB. A new method for measuring auricular inflammation in the mouse. JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGICAL METHODS 1991; 26:73-7. [PMID: 1921411 DOI: 10.1016/0160-5402(91)90056-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The croton oil ear test is widely used to identify prospective topical antiinflammatory drugs. Ear inflammation is produced by applying a 2% solution of croton oil on the ears of mice or rats. The effectiveness of the drug that is dissolved in the croton oil solution can be gauged by comparing the croton oil treated ears with the croton oil plus drug treated ears. The effect is measured following sacrifice of the animal by weighing either the excised ear (Tonelli et al., 1965; Glenn et al., 1978; Swingle et al., 1981; Soliman et al., 1983; Mantione and Rodriguez 1990) or a plug taken from the ear (Tubaro et al., 1985; Davis et al., 1989a; Davis et al., 1989b). Use of this technique for the generation of a time-course evaluation of antiinflammatory activity requires a large amount of the chemical to be tested and the sacrifice of many animals. In other assays, ear thickness has been measured by caliper (Carlson et al., 1985; Maloff et al., 1989) or by dial micrometer (Griswold et al., 1987), which allow multiple measurements to be made, but the pressure on the ear was not reported. In a recent review of pharmacological methods, Chang and Lewis (1989) caution that using calipers to measure ear thickness is subject to operator error and bias. Furthermore, they emphasize care must be taken to not leave the calipers in contact with the ear too long, as it is possible to squeeze substantial amounts of edema fluid out of the ear tissue.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- A Colorado
- University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio Department of Pharmacology 78284-7764
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Shilcrat SC, Hill DT, Bender PE, Griswold DE, Paul W., Eggleston DS, Lantos I, Pridgen LN. Synthesis, X-ray crystal structure determination and antiinflammatory activity of the regioisomers: 5-phenyl-6-(4-pyridyl)-2,3-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole and 6-phenyl-5-(4-pyridyl)-2,3-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole. A structural reassignment. J Heterocycl Chem 1991. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570280504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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40
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Griswold DE, Marshall PJ, Lee JC, Webb EF, Hillegass LM, Wartell J, Newton J, Hanna N. Pharmacology of the pyrroloimidazole, SK&F 105809--II. Antiinflammatory activity and inhibition of mediator production in vivo. Biochem Pharmacol 1991; 42:825-31. [PMID: 1907825 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(91)90042-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
SK&F 105809 [2-(4-methylsulfinylphenyl)-3-(4-pyridyl)- 6,7-dihydro-[5H]-pyrrolo[1,2,a] imidazole] demonstrated unique antiinflammatory activities in murine models that are resistant to selective cyclooxygenase (CO) inhibitors. Both edema and inflammatory cell infiltration induced by the topical application of arachidonic acid to the mouse ear were decreased by SK&F 105809 (ED50 values of 44 mg/kg, p.o.). Polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) infiltration following the intraperitoneal injection of either monosodium urate crystal or carrageenan was inhibited with ED50 values of 64 and 72 mg/kg, p.o., respectively. These inflammatory responses were unaffected by the selective cyclooxygenase inhibitor naproxen. SK&F 105809 also inhibited leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and prostaglandin E2 production in vivo in arachidonic acid-induced inflammatory exudates (ED50 values of 41 and 15 mg/kg, p.o., respectively). The inhibition of LTB4 production preceded the inhibition of PMN infiltration. The impact of inhibition of both 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) and CO was seen with platelet-activating factor-induced vascular permeability which was inhibited markedly by SK&F 105809. However, the 5-LO inhibitor, phenidone, only strongly inhibited when coadministered with the selective CO inhibitor, indomethacin. In spite of a short half-life (14-18 min) for both SK&F 105809 and the active metabolite SK&F 105561 [2-(4- methylthiophenyl)-3-(4-pyridyl)-6,7-dihydro-[5H]-pyrrolo[1,2-a] imidazole], the pharmacological activity lasted at least 1.5 hr. The biochemical evidence of inhibition of interleukin-1 (IL-1) production and 5-LO and CO activity, in vitro, by the metabolite (SK&F 105561) seen in the companion paper (Marshall PJ, Griswold DE, Breton J. Webb EF, Hillegass LM, Sarau HM, Newton J Jr, Lee JC, Bender PE and Hanna N, Pharmacology of the pyrroloimidazole, SK&F 105809--I. Inhibition of inflammatory cytokine production and of 5-lipoxygenase- and cyclooxygenase-mediated metabolism of arachidonic acid. Biochem Pharmacol 42: 813-824, 1991) and inhibition of the fluid and cellular phases of the inflammatory response, in vivo, by SK&F 105809 suggest that this compound possesses a unique profile of activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Griswold
- Department of Respiratory/Inflammation Pharmacology, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, PA 19406-0939
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41
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Calixto JB, Zanini Júnior JC, Cruz AB, Yunes RA, Medeiros YS. Extract and compounds obtained from Mandevilla velutina inhibit arachidonic acid-induced ear oedema in mice, but not rat stomach contraction. PROSTAGLANDINS 1991; 41:515-26. [PMID: 1907393 DOI: 10.1016/0090-6980(91)90057-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to analyse the effect of crude extract (CE) and some pure compounds isolated from M. velutina on arachidonic acid (AA)-induced ear oedema in mice. The effect of these compounds on contractions in the rat stomach induced by AA and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was also investigated. The CE given orally to mice (50-400 mg/kg) 1h before inhibited the ear oedema in a dose-dependent manner, with a maximal inhibition (MI) of 56%. Given topically, compound MV8612 (200-600 mg/ear) isolated from this plant inhibited the oedema in a concentration-dependent manner with a MI of 66%, while compounds MV8608 and MV8610 (100-600 mg/ear) caused less inhibition, MI 29% and 39% respectively. Compound MV8612, given i.p. (3-30 mg/kg) 30 min before, also caused a dose-dependent inhibition of AA-induced ear oedema (MI of 60.5% compared with 28% and 49% for MV8608 and MV8610). Indomethacin (0.25-1.0 mg/ear) applied topically had no effect, but orally (1-10 mg/kg) gave MI of 66%. Phenidone given orally (10-100 mg/kg) gave a MI of 30% but it was very potent topically (0.5-2 mg/ear) (MI 66%). Nordihydroguaiaretic acid applied either topically (0.5-2.0 mg/ear) or orally (10-100 mg/kg) caused MI of 63% and 47%, respectively. BW 755C, orally (10-100 mg/kg), inhibited the AA-induced oedema in a dose-dependent manner (MI 48%), but was less effective when applied topically (0.25-1 mg/ear) (MI 32%). In the rat stomach preparation, compounds MV8608 and MV8612 (0.1-20 micrograms/ml) had no significant effect on contractions to AA or PGE2, while indomethacin (0.01-3 micrograms/ml) potently inhibited AA contraction, but had no effect on the PGE2 response. These results indicate that MV8608 and MV8612 exhibit both a topical and a systemic anti-inflammatory profile, presumably by a mechanism not related to inhibition of cyclooxygenase.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Calixto
- Department of Pharmacology (CCB) Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Brazil
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42
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Ferrándiz ML, Alcaraz MJ. Anti-inflammatory activity and inhibition of arachidonic acid metabolism by flavonoids. AGENTS AND ACTIONS 1991; 32:283-8. [PMID: 1650522 DOI: 10.1007/bf01980887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A group of flavonoids isolated from medicinal plants and which are selective inhibitors of lipoxygenase activity in vitro: sideritoflavone, cirsiliol, hypolaetin-8-O-beta-D-glucoside, hypolaetin, oroxindin, quercetagetin-7-O-beta-D-glucoside, gossypin, hibifolin and gossypetin, besides leucocyanidol, have been studied for their effects on acute responses induced by carrageenin in mice. The oral administration of flavonoids to mice inhibited dose-dependently the development of paw oedema at 1, 3 and 5 h after carrageenin injection. A similar administration of flavonoids induced a dose-dependent inhibition of leukocyte accumulation in inflammatory exudates following intraperitoneal injection of carrageenin into mice. Some of the flavonoids exhibited a potency against leukocyte infiltration similar to that seen for inhibition of carrageenin oedema at 3 h of induction. In agreement with data reported in rats, indomethacin was much more effective on inhibition of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) formation than on leukocyte infiltration in mice. The selectivity of flavonoids towards lipoxygenase is not retained in vivo since they behave as dual inhibitors of PGE2 and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) formation in peritoneal exudates. Our data support the inhibition of arachidonic acid metabolism as one of the mechanisms by which flavonoids exert their anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Ferrándiz
- Departamento de Farmacología y Farmacotecnia, Facultad de Farmacia, Valencia, Spain
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43
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Vulliemoz Y. Volatile anesthetics and second messengers in cardiac tissue. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1991; 301:169-80. [PMID: 1662461 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-5979-1_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y Vulliemoz
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032
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Tsunoda H, Katayama S, Sakuma Y, Tanaka S, Tsukidate K, Abe S, Yamatsu I, Katayama K. Effect of a novel 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor, E6080 on bronchospasm, airway cellular infiltration and leukotriene production in guinea pigs. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 1991; 42:51-6. [PMID: 1672771 DOI: 10.1016/0952-3278(91)90066-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
6-Hydroxy-2-(4-sulfamoylbenzylamino)-4,5,7-trimethylbenzothiazo le hydrochloride (E6080), an orally active and selective 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor, dose-dependently inhibited the bronchospasm induced by antigen (ovalbumin) inhalation in sensitized conscious guinea pigs. The inhibitory effect of E6080 was more potent than that of a typical 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor, AA861, but less than that of a leukotriene (LT) antagonist, LY171883. When airway infiltration of neutrophils and eosinophils was measured in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) at 6 h after antigen inhalation by passively sensitized guinea pigs, the inhibitory effect of E6080 on neutrophil infiltration was more marked than that on eosinophil infiltration. The inhibitory effect of E6080 on bronchoalveolar cellular infiltration and bronchoepithelial damage was confirmed by examination of photomicrographs of the lung. In addition to the above pharmacological effects, E6080 inhibited the increase in BALF levels of both i-LTC4 and i-LTB4. These results suggest that E6080 may prove to be effective for the treatment of asthma, in which large amounts of leukotrienes (LTs) are elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Tsunoda
- Allergy and Asthma Research Unit, Eisai Co Ltd, Ibaraki, Japan
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Li XH, Song L, Jope RS. Modulation of phosphoinositide metabolism in rat brain slices by excitatory amino acids, arachidonic acid, and GABA. Neurochem Res 1990; 15:725-38. [PMID: 1975654 DOI: 10.1007/bf00973654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In rat brain slices the synthesis of [3H]phosphoinositides and the production of [3H]inositol monophosphate (IP1) induced by norepinephrine (NE) were inhibited by glutamate. Calcium concentrations were varied to test if these inhibitory effects of glutamate were mediated by a calcium-dependent process. Although reducing calcium or addition of the calcium antagonist verpamil reduced the inhibitory effects of glutamate, these results were equivocal because reduced calcium directly decreased agonist-induced [3H]phosphoinositide synthesis. The inhibitory effects of glutamate were mimicked by quisqualate in a dose-dependent manner, but none of a variety of excitatory amino acid receptor antagonists modified the inhibition caused by quisqualate. It is suggested that glutamate activates a quisqualate-sensitive receptor (for which an antagonist is not available) and causes inhibition of phosphoinositide hydrolysis mediated in part by a direct or indirect inhibitory effect of calcium on phosphoinositide synthesis. Modulatory effects of arachidonic acid were examined because glutamate and calcium can activate phospholipase A2. Arachidonic acid caused a rapid and dose-dependent inhibition of [3H]phosphoinositide synthesis and of NE-stimulated [3H]IP1 production. A similar inhibition of the response to carbachol also occurred. The inhibition caused by arachidonic acid was unchanged by addition of inhibitors of cyclooxygenase or lipoxygenase. Activation of phospholipase A2 with melittin caused inhibitory effects similar to those of arachidonic acid. Inhibitors of phospholipase A2 were found to impair phosphoinositide metabolism, likely due to their lack of specificity for phospholipase A2. Further studies were carried out in slices that were prelabelled with [3H]inositol in an attempt to separate modulatory effects on [3H]phosphoinositide synthesis and agonist-stimulated [3H]IP1 production. Several excitatory amino acid agonists inhibited NE-stimulated [3H]IP1 production. This inhibitory interaction could be due to impaired synthesis of [3H]phosphoinositides because, even though the slices were prelabeled, addition of unlabelled inositol reduced NE-stimulated [3H]IP1 production, indicating that continuous regeneration of [3H]phosphoinositides is required. In contrast to the inhibitory effects of the excitatory amino acids, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) enhanced the response to NE in cortical and hippocampal slices. GABA also enhanced the response to carbachol in hippocampal and striatal slices and to ibotenic acid in hippocampal slices. Baclofen potentiated the response to NE similarly to the effect of GABA and baclofen partially blocked the inhibitory effect of arachidonic acid but did not alter that of quisqualate.
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Affiliation(s)
- X H Li
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham 35294
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Foster SJ, Bruneau P, Walker ER, McMillan RM. 2-substituted indazolinones: orally active and selective 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors with anti-inflammatory activity. Br J Pharmacol 1990; 99:113-8. [PMID: 2110012 PMCID: PMC1917488 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1990.tb14663.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
1. This paper describes the pharmacological profile of ICI207968, a novel, orally-active and selective inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase. 2. Inhibition of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) synthesis by 2-substituted indazolinones was not directly related to redox potential but was critically dependent on the nature of the N2 substituent. 2-(3-Pyridylmethyl)-indazolinone (ICI207968) combined selectivity and oral potency. 3. In several in vitro systems ICI207968 exhibited similar lipoxygenase inhibitory potency (IC50 values from 1.5 microM to 6.0 microM) and was approximately 300 times less potent against cyclo-oxygenase, as measured by inhibition of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) synthesis. 4. ICI207968 also produced selective lipoxygenase inhibition following oral administration in the rat. ED50 values of 2.5, 10 and 25 mg kg-1 p.o. for inhibition of LTB4 release from A23187-stimulated blood were obtained 1, 3 and 5 h after dosing. The compound did not inhibit PGE2 synthesis at oral doses up to 300 mg kg-1. 5. Co-administration of ICI207968 with arachidonic acid, into rabbit dermis, potently inhibited both plasma extravasation and polymorphonuclear leucocyte (PMNL) infiltration induced by this inflammatory fatty acid. The anti-inflammatory potency of a number of intradermally administered indazolinones, with similar redox potentials, was related to their inhibitory potency against leukotriene generation in blood. Oral administration of ICI207968 (100 mg kg-1) in the rabbit inhibited ex vivo leukotriene generation in blood and arachidonic acid-induced skin inflammation. 6. These data demonstrate that ICI207968 is an orally active and selective inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase which has anti-inflammatory properties. IC1207968 will be a valuable agent for clarifying the biological roles of leukotrienes and the therapeutic potential of 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Foster
- Research Department I, ICI Pharmaceuticals, Mereside, Macclesfield, Cheshire
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Griswold DE, Hoffstein S, Marshall PJ, Webb EF, Hillegass L, Bender PE, Hanna N. Inhibition of inflammatory cell infiltration by bicyclic imidazoles, SK&F 86002 and SK&F 104493. Inflammation 1989; 13:727-39. [PMID: 2559032 DOI: 10.1007/bf00914315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The mode of action of the dual inhibitors of eicosanoid metabolism, SK&F 86002 and SK&F 104493 was evaluated on inflammatory cell infiltration induced in mice by carrageenan, monosodium urate crystals, and arachidonic acid. The results were compared to those seen with standard antiinflammatory compounds. Inflammatory cell infiltration was inhibited by SK&F 86002. SK&F 104493, colchicine, and phenidone but not naproxen. In vivo, PMN infiltration induced by LTB4 was inhibited by colchicine but not by SK&F 86002, SK&F 104493, or phenidone treatment. Similarly, in vitro chemotaxis to LTB4 was not inhibited by SK&F 86002. The 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors, SK&F 86002, SK&F 104493, and phenidone inhibited LTB4 production in vivo as well as inflammatory cell infiltration induced by arachidonic acid. The data are consistent with the suggestion that the bicyclic imidazoles inhibit PMN infiltration by virtue of inhibition of LTB4 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Griswold
- Smith Kline and French Laboratories, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406
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Carnathan GW, Sweeney DM, Travis JJ, Gordon RJ, Sutherland CA, Jariwala N, Clearfield M, O'Rourke S, Huang FC, Van Inwegen RG. The inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase by RG 6866. AGENTS AND ACTIONS 1989; 28:204-11. [PMID: 2596372 DOI: 10.1007/bf01967402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The generation of leukotrienes C4, D4 and E4 from arachidonic acid is dependent upon the activity of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX). The effects of RG 6866 (N-methyl-4-benzyloxyphenylacetohydroxamic acid) on the activity of guinea pig 5-LOX in vitro and in vivo were determined in the present study. The generation of 5-hydroxy-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE) from arachidonic acid by isolated guinea pig peritoneal polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells was inhibited by incubation with RG 6866 (IC50 = 0.20 microM). A similar effect (IC50 = 0.23 microM) was observed when 5-HETE production was measured in a supernatant fraction from PMNs. Additionally, the compound did not inhibit 3H-LTD4 binding to guinea pig membranes. In actively sensitized guinea pigs pretreated with indomethacin, propranolol and pyrilamine, RG 6866 inhibited antigen-induced systemic anaphylaxis and LTD4-dependent bronchoconstriction in a dose-dependent manner following oral administration. In the pulmonary anaphylaxis model, significant (p less than 0.05) inhibition of the mortality was observed within 30 min and maintained through four hours after treatment with RG 6866 (50 mg/kg i.g.). Finally, orally administered RG 6866 inhibited the formation of LTC4 in these animals with an ED50 = 24.0 mg/kg. These findings indicate that RG 6866 is an inhibitor of 5-LOX both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- G W Carnathan
- Department of Immunobiology, Rorer Central Research, King of Prussia, PA 19406
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Panetta JA, Benslay DN, Phillips ML, Towner RD, Bertsch B, Wang L, Ho PP. The anti-inflammatory effects of LY178002 and LY256548. AGENTS AND ACTIONS 1989; 27:300-2. [PMID: 2508442 DOI: 10.1007/bf01972804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
LY178002 (5-[3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]methylene-4-thiazolidinon e) and its N-methyl analog, LY256548, inhibit the enzymatic activity of phospholipase A2, 5-lipoxygenase and fatty acid cycloxygenase. They also inhibit leukotriene B4 production from human polymorphonuclear leukocytes stimulated with the calcium ionophore A23187. Since products of the arachidonic acid cascade have been implicated as important mediators in a variety of inflammatory diseases including arthritis, LY178002 and LY256548 were studied in the Freund's Complete Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis (FCA) model in rats. The compounds were administered orally and inhibition of bone damage and paw swelling was assessed of both the injected and uninjected paws. At 50 mg/kg LY178002 inhibited soft tissue swelling in the uninjected paw by 81% while LY256548 exhibited 57% inhibition. Bone damage was also significantly inhibited by both compounds. A dose response was conducted. The minimum effective dose for LY178002 was 10 mg/kg p.o. In the established FCA model LY178002 at 50 mg/kg p.o. inhibited the uninjected paw swelling by 75% while LY256548 did not show this level of activity. These results suggest that LY178002 and LY256548 may be useful in the treatment of arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Panetta
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Co., Indianapolis, IN 46285
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DiMartino MJ, Wolff CE, Campbell GK, Hanna N. The pharmacology of arachidonic acid-induced rat PMN leukocyte infiltration. AGENTS AND ACTIONS 1989; 27:325-7. [PMID: 2552764 DOI: 10.1007/bf01972812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Arachidonic Acid (AA) injected into a hindpaw of Lewis rats produces high levels of tissue myeloperoxidase (MPO), a biochemical marker for PMN leukocytes. Treatment with a corticosteroid (prednisolone) or dual 5-LO/CO inhibitors of AA metabolism (phenidone, SKF 86002) produced dose-related inhibition of AA-induced elevations in paw tissue MPO levels. In contrast, administration of high pharmacologic doses of selective cyclooxygenase inhibitors (indomethacin, ibuprofen, naproxen), anti-histamine/serotonin agents (cyproheptadine, chlorpheniramine) or an anti-arthritic gold compound (auranofin) produced only slight or moderate effects. Thus, AA-induced hindpaw inflammation is a useful method for determining pharmacologic effects of 5-LO/CO inhibitors on PMN leukocyte infiltration in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J DiMartino
- Smith Kline & French Laboratories, King of Prussia, PA 19406-0939
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