1
|
Lopez-Vilchez I, Serra-Millas M, Navarro V, Rosa Hernandez M, Villalta J, Diaz-Ricart M, Gasto C, Escolar G, Galan AM. Prothrombotic platelet phenotype in major depression: downregulation by antidepressant treatment. J Affect Disord 2014; 159:39-45. [PMID: 24679387 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serotonergic mechanisms have been suggested as a link between major depression and cardiovascular risk. We investigated the existence of a prothrombotic condition in depressed patients and its possible modulation during treatment with a selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). METHODS Modifications in a series of biomarkers of platelet and coagulation activation were evaluated in blood from 19 patients with a major depression disorder (MDD) at the time of diagnosis, and at 8 and 24 weeks of treatment with escitalopram. Response of blood aliquots recirculated through a thrombogenic surface was assessed in a thrombosis model. Results were compared with those of 20 healthy-matched controls. RESULTS In comparison with controls, platelets from MDD patients showed elevated volumes (p<0.01), significantly enhanced aggregating response to arachidonic acid and augmented expression of GPIb, fibrinogen, factor V, and anionic phospholipids by flow cytometry (p<0.05). Clot firmness and procoagulant activity of platelet-associated tissue factor were also significantly elevated (p<0.05). Studies with circulating blood revealed increased fibrin formation in early diagnosed patients (71.1±9.5% vs. 45.8±5.3%; p<0.05 vs. controls). After 24 weeks of treatment with escitalopram, the majority of the alterations observed were normalized, except for a residual increased expression of GPIIbIIIa (p<0.05) and persistent alterations in thromboelatometic parameters. LIMITATIONS Despite the reduced number of followed-up patients our findings were consistent reaching statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal a prothrombotic phenotype in MDD patients. While continuous treatment with an SSRI downregulated the majority of the biomarkers analyzed, alterations in viscoelastic parameters of clot formation remained unaffected by the antidepressant treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Lopez-Vilchez
- Department of Hemotherapy and Hemostasis, Hospital Clinic, Biomedical Diagnosis Centre, Institute of Biomedical Research August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Montserrat Serra-Millas
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Clinic, Institute Clinic of Neurosciences, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victor Navarro
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Clinic, Institute Clinic of Neurosciences, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Rosa Hernandez
- Department of Hemotherapy and Hemostasis, Hospital Clinic, Biomedical Diagnosis Centre, Institute of Biomedical Research August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Villalta
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maribel Diaz-Ricart
- Department of Hemotherapy and Hemostasis, Hospital Clinic, Biomedical Diagnosis Centre, Institute of Biomedical Research August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristobal Gasto
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Clinic, Institute Clinic of Neurosciences, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gines Escolar
- Department of Hemotherapy and Hemostasis, Hospital Clinic, Biomedical Diagnosis Centre, Institute of Biomedical Research August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana M Galan
- Department of Hemotherapy and Hemostasis, Hospital Clinic, Biomedical Diagnosis Centre, Institute of Biomedical Research August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Guo L, Hu S. PI-PLC signal pathway: a possible pathogenesis link post-myocardial infarction to depression. Med Hypotheses 2009; 73:156-7. [PMID: 19398169 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2009.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2009] [Revised: 02/23/2009] [Accepted: 02/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Depressive disorder in the post-myocardial infarction (MI) period has been associated with increased cardiac morbidity and mortality. The most prominent findings are the increased mortality in patients with depression after myocardial infarction. Despite the extensive studies, the possible pathophysiologic mechanisms behind this association have not been clear. More recently, the data have suggested that both depression and post-MI have been associated with an increased activation status of the platelet. And increased sensitivity to platelet activation has been postulated as one of the mechanisms that may underlie increased vulnerability of depressed post-MI patients to cardiac events, suggesting a pathophysiologic cross-talk between the heart and the brain. Considering the similar changes in serotonin(5-HT) and platelet activation through phosphoinositide (PI)-phospholipase C(PLC) pathway, we guess that PI-PLC signal transduction pathway is a common pathogenesis between depression and post-MI, which mediated by 5-HT resulting in the platelet activation. The article introduces the hypothesis that proposes one possibility. This common mechanism of signal pathway may develop other current theories which are beneficial to future therapies to reduce post-MI depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Guo
- Institute of Combined Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Xiangya Road No. 87, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China.
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
AbstractThroughout early development, a child spends more time asleep than in any waking activity. Yet, the specific role of sleep in brain maturation is a complete mystery. In this article, the developmental psychobiology of sleep regulation is conceptualized within the context of close links to the control of arousal, affect, and attention. The interactions among these systems are considered from an ontogenetic and evolutionary biological perspective. A model is proposed for the development of sleep and arousal regulation with the following major tenets:1. Sleep and vigilance represent opponent processes in a larger system of arousal regulation.2. The regulation of sleep, arousal, affect, and attention overlap in physiological, neuroanatomical, clinical, and developmental domains.3. Complex interactions among these regulatory systems are modulated and integrated in regions of the prefrontal cortex (PFC).4. Changes at the level of PFC underlie maturational shifts in the relative balance across these regulatory systems (such as decreases in the depth/length of sleep and increased capacity for vigilance and attention), which occur with normal development.5. The effects of sleep deprivation (including alterations in attention, emotions, and goal-directed behaviors) also involve changes at the level of PFC integration across regulatory systems.This model is then discussed in the context of developmental pathology in the control of affect and attention, with an emphasis on sleep changes in depression.
Collapse
|
4
|
Zahradník I, Minarovic I, Zahradníková A. Inhibition of the Cardiac L-Type Calcium Channel Current by Antidepressant Drugs. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2007; 324:977-84. [PMID: 18048694 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.107.132456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Zahradník
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Vlárska 5, 833 34 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gurguis GN. Psychiatric Disorders. Platelets 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-012369367-9/50806-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
6
|
McNamara RK, Ostrander M, Abplanalp W, Richtand NM, Benoit SC, Clegg DJ. Modulation of phosphoinositide-protein kinase C signal transduction by omega-3 fatty acids: implications for the pathophysiology and treatment of recurrent neuropsychiatric illness. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2006; 75:237-57. [PMID: 16935483 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2006.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The phosphoinositide (PI)-protein kinase C (PKC) signal transduction pathway is initiated by pre- and postsynaptic Galphaq-coupled receptors, and regulates several clinically relevant neurochemical events, including neurotransmitter release efficacy, monoamine receptor function and trafficking, monoamine transporter function and trafficking, axonal myelination, and gene expression. Mounting evidence for PI-PKC signaling hyperactivity in the peripheral (platelets) and central (premortem and postmortem brain) tissues of patients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder, coupled with evidence that PI-PKC signal transduction is down-regulated in rat brain following chronic, but not acute, treatment with antipsychotic, mood-stabilizer, and antidepressant medications, suggest that PI-PKC hyperactivity is central to an underlying pathophysiology. Evidence that membrane omega-3 fatty acids act as endogenous antagonists of the PI-PKC signal transduction pathway, coupled with evidence that omega-3 fatty acid deficiency is observed in peripheral and central tissues of patients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder, support the hypothesis that omega-3 fatty acid deficiency may contribute to elevated PI-PKC activity in these illnesses. The data reviewed in this paper outline a potential molecular mechanism by which omega-3 fatty acids could contribute to the pathophysiology and treatment of recurrent neuropsychiatric illness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert K McNamara
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0559, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rosel P, Arranz B, Urretavizcaya M, Oros M, San L, Navarro MA. Altered 5-HT2A and 5-HT4 postsynaptic receptors and their intracellular signalling systems IP3 and cAMP in brains from depressed violent suicide victims. Neuropsychobiology 2004; 49:189-95. [PMID: 15118356 DOI: 10.1159/000077365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin 5-HT2A and 5-HT4 binding parameters and their second messengers 1,4,5-inositol triphosphate (IP3) and cyclic adenosyl monophosphate (cAMP) were studied in the frontal cortex, hippocampus, caudate nucleus and amygdala of 19 control subjects and 19 antidepressant-free, violent suicide victims. A significantly higher number of 5-HT4 receptors and higher second messenger cAMP concentrations were found in the frontal cortex and caudate nucleus of the depressed suicide victims as compared with the control group. Furthermore, significantly increased 5-HT2A binding sites and IP3 concentrations were noted in the caudate nucleus of the suicide victims, together with a significantly reduced number of 5-HT2A binding sites, higher binding affinity and increased IP3 concentrations in the hippocampus. No significant alterations in 5-HT4 and cAMP or in 5-HT2A and IP3 concentrations were observed in the amygdala. The caudate nucleus of depressed suicide victims seems to be the brain region with the highest alteration of the serotonergic system, and hence with the most diagnostic sensitivity. Further studies on suicidality and depression should focus on the functionality of the caudate nucleus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Rosel
- Hormone Unit, Department of Biochemistry, CSU Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Schins A, Honig A, Crijns H, Baur L, Hamulyák K. Increased coronary events in depressed cardiovascular patients: 5-HT2A receptor as missing link? Psychosom Med 2003; 65:729-37. [PMID: 14508013 DOI: 10.1097/01.psy.0000088596.42029.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Major depressive disorder and depressive symptoms have been identified as independent risk factors for cardiac morbidity and mortality in patients with ischemic heart disease. Increased susceptibility to platelet activation has been proposed as one of the mechanisms by which depression acts as a significant risk factor for thrombotic events. In this review, data on platelet activation and platelet aggregation measures in depressed patients with or without concomitant cardiovascular disease are given. Data on the influence of antidepressants on parameters of platelet activation are summarized. METHODS A literature search was done by checking MEDLINE Advanced and PsycInfo from 1990 to 2003 and through checking the bibliographies of these sources. The following key words were used for this search: platelet activation, platelet aggregation, depression, depressive disorder, ischemic heart disease, calcium, and serotonin. RESULTS There is an indication of enhanced platelet activation and aggregation in depressed patients. Next, patients with a depressive disorder show signs of a hyperactive platelet 5-HT2A receptor signal transduction system as measured by increased platelet calcium mobilization after stimulation of platelets with serotonin. CONCLUSIONS Depression appears to be associated with an increased susceptibility for serotonin-mediated platelet activation. Upregulation and/or increased sensitivity of 5-HT2A/1B receptors and downregulated 5-HT transporter receptors in the periphery may contribute to increased risk of thromboembolic events in patients with depression and cardiovascular disease. Increased platelet reactivity based on a hyperreactive 5-HT2A receptor signaling system might be influenced by antidepressive medication that antagonizes platelet 5-HT2A receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annique Schins
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rosel P, Arranz B, San L, Vallejo J, Crespo JM, Urretavizcaya M, Navarro MA. Altered 5-HT(2A) binding sites and second messenger inositol trisphosphate (IP(3)) levels in hippocampus but not in frontal cortex from depressed suicide victims. Psychiatry Res 2000; 99:173-81. [PMID: 11068198 DOI: 10.1016/s0925-4927(00)00076-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The binding parameters of 5-HT(2A) and levels of its second messenger, 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP(3)), were simultaneously studied in frontal cortex and hippocampus from the brains of 18 control subjects and 18 depressed suicide victims. All suicides met DSM-III-R criteria for depressive symptoms, suffered a violent death and had not taken any antidepressant drugs for at least 6 months prior to death. A significant decrease in the number of 5-HT(2A) binding sites (154+/-22 vs. 254+/-36 fmol/mg), together with a significantly lower apparent affinity constant (1.02+/- 0.08 vs. 1. 36+/-0.09 nM), was detected in hippocampus but not in frontal cortex from the depressed suicides compared to the control subjects. Furthermore, IP(3) concentrations were significantly increased in hippocampus (3.2+/-0.3 vs. 2.1+/-0.3 pmol/g) but not in frontal cortex (1.3+/-0.3 vs. 2.7+/-0.5 pmol/g) from the suicide victims. The reported results may indicate a significant hypersensitivity of the 5-HT(2A) postsynaptic receptor located in the hippocampus from depressed suicide victims, giving rise to an enhancement of its intracellular signaling system with higher IP(3) production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Rosel
- Hormone Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry, CSU Bellvitge, Feixa Llarga s/n, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pollock BG, Laghrissi-Thode F, Wagner WR. Evaluation of platelet activation in depressed patients with ischemic heart disease after paroxetine or nortriptyline treatment. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2000; 20:137-40. [PMID: 10770450 DOI: 10.1097/00004714-200004000-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of antidepressant treatment on platelet activation in depressed patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD). Plasma levels of platelet alpha-granule release products beta-thromboglobulin (BTG) and platelet factor 4 (PF4) were measured in 17 depressed patients with IHD who were treated in a 6-week, double-blind trial with either paroxetine (10 patients) or nortriptyline (7 patients). Baseline measurements of BTG and PF4 were significantly elevated in both drug treatment groups before the initiation of antidepressant therapy compared with those of healthy control subjects. In the paroxetine group, mean PF4 and BTG levels significantly decreased from these elevated baseline values within 1 week of treatment and remained low at 3- and 6-week measurements. In contrast, the nortriptyline group did not exhibit a significant decrease in PF4 or BTG plasma levels after 1, 3, or 6 weeks of treatment. Therefore, platelet activation in depressed patients with IHD seems to be inhibited by the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor paroxetine. The effect of paroxetine on PF4 and BTG plasma levels suggests that it may reduce platelet aggregation in vivo and may positively impact IHD-related mortality in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B G Pollock
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Joshi PG, Singh A, Ravichandra B. High concentrations of tricyclic antidepressants increase intracellular Ca2+ in cultured neural cells. Neurochem Res 1999; 24:391-8. [PMID: 10215513 DOI: 10.1023/a:1020937717260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We examined the effect of tricyclic antidepressants on intracellular Ca2+ signalling in cultured cells of neuronal and glial origin. High concentrations of amitriptyline and desipramine increased the intracellular Ca2+ in PC-12 and U-87 MG cells. In PC-12 cells amitriptyline induced a biphasic rise in intracellular Ca2+. A rapid and transient increase due to release of Ca2+ from intracellular pools was followed by sustained elevation of [Ca2+]i due to influx from the extracellular medium. Desipramine evoked the Ca2+ release from intracellular pools but the influx of Ca2+ was not elicited. In U-87 MG cells both the drugs induced Ca2+ release from intracellular pools, however amitriptyline also induced a transient influx of Ca2+. To delineate the mechanisms involved in mobilization of Ca2+ by the drugs pharmacological agents that inhibit IP3 formation in cells and Ca2+ channel blockers were used and changes in [Ca2+]i and membrane potential were monitored. The results show that both the drugs release Ca2+ from IP3 sensitive pools by activation of phospholipase C and amitriptyline in addition activates a non specific cation channel in the plasma membrane of cells. Paradoxically at relatively lower concentrations (< 50 microM) amitriptyline and desipramine inhibited the Ca2+ signal induced by adenosine triphosphate in both the cell types. Our data demonstrate that tricyclic antidepressants at different doses may have inhibitory or stimulatory effects on cellular Ca2+ signalling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P G Joshi
- Department of Biophysics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Karege F, Bovier P, Rudolph W, Gaillard JM. Platelet phosphoinositide signaling system: an overstimulated pathway in depression. Biol Psychiatry 1996; 39:697-702. [PMID: 8731456 DOI: 10.1016/0006-3223(95)00187-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In order to test a possible depression-associated defect in signal transduction, platelet alpha 2-adrenergic-mediated phosphoinositide (PI) hydrolysis was measured, both in drug-free major depressed patients and in control healthy subjects. Results that express phospholipase C activity have shown significant increase in the metabolites of epinephrine-stimulated tritiated phosphatidyl-4,5-biphosphate (3H-PIP2) with respect to basal activity (saline-stimulated). Thrombin (2 units) and 10 mM sodium fluoride (NaF) also induced an increase in 3H-PIP2 metabolites. These increases were potentiated in drug-free depressed patients both in epinephrine-and thrombin-stimulated platelets. In contrast, sodium fluoride, which directly stimulates G protein without receptor interaction, did not differentiate between patients and controls with respect to PI hydrolysis. This result suggests a possible depression-associated defect in heterologous receptor-G protein interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Karege
- University of Geneva Institutes of Psychiatry, Division of Neuropsychiatry, Chêne-Bourg (Geneva), Switzerland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gard PR, Mandy A, Whiting JM, Nickels DP, Meakin AJ. Reduction of responses to angiotensin II by antidepressant drugs. Eur J Pharmacol 1994; 264:295-300. [PMID: 7698168 DOI: 10.1016/0014-2999(94)00481-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The effects of the antidepressant drugs desipramine, fluoxetine and tranylcypromine and the non-antidepressant control cocaine on angiotensin II function were determined in vivo by use of angiotensin-induced drinking in rats and in vitro using contractile responses of the rat uterus. The results of the drinking studies showed that the three antidepressants, but not cocaine, reduced the dipsogenic effects of angiotensin II. In vitro, all of the drugs reduced the effects of not only angiotensin but also acetylcholine and oxytocin on the uterus. The inhibition appeared to be non-competitive in all cases. These results indicate that the antidepressant drugs reduced the activity of angiotensin II, albeit non-selectively, and suggest that the previously reported effects of antidepressants on isoprenaline-induced drinking in rats reflect an action on angiotensin activity rather than a reduction of beta-adrenoceptor activity as previously suggested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P R Gard
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Brighton, Moulsecoomb, UK
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|