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Deshpande R, Li W, Li T, Fanning KV, Clemens Z, Nyunoya T, Zhang L, Deslouches B, Barchowsky A, Wenzel S, McDyer JF, Zou C. SARS-CoV-2 Accessory Protein Orf7b Induces Lung Injury via c-Myc Mediated Apoptosis and Ferroptosis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1157. [PMID: 38256231 PMCID: PMC10816122 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been the foremost modern global public health challenge. The airway is the primary target in severe acute respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, with substantial cell death and lung injury being signature hallmarks of exposure. The viral factors that contribute to cell death and lung injury remain incompletely understood. Thus, this study investigated the role of open reading frame 7b (Orf7b), an accessory protein of the virus, in causing lung injury. In screening viral proteins, we identified Orf7b as one of the major viral factors that mediates lung epithelial cell death. Overexpression of Orf7b leads to apoptosis and ferroptosis in lung epithelial cells, and inhibitors of apoptosis and ferroptosis ablate Orf7b-induced cell death. Orf7b upregulates the transcription regulator, c-Myc, which is integral in the activation of lung cell death pathways. Depletion of c-Myc alleviates both apoptotic and ferroptotic cell deaths and lung injury in mouse models. Our study suggests a major role of Orf7b in the cell death and lung injury attributable to COVID-19 exposure, supporting it as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rushikesh Deshpande
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (R.D.); (B.D.); (A.B.); (S.W.)
| | - Wangyang Li
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA (K.V.F.); (T.N.); (L.Z.); (J.F.M.)
| | - Tiao Li
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA (K.V.F.); (T.N.); (L.Z.); (J.F.M.)
| | - Kristen V. Fanning
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA (K.V.F.); (T.N.); (L.Z.); (J.F.M.)
| | - Zachary Clemens
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (R.D.); (B.D.); (A.B.); (S.W.)
| | - Toru Nyunoya
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA (K.V.F.); (T.N.); (L.Z.); (J.F.M.)
| | - Lianghui Zhang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA (K.V.F.); (T.N.); (L.Z.); (J.F.M.)
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Berthony Deslouches
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (R.D.); (B.D.); (A.B.); (S.W.)
| | - Aaron Barchowsky
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (R.D.); (B.D.); (A.B.); (S.W.)
| | - Sally Wenzel
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (R.D.); (B.D.); (A.B.); (S.W.)
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA (K.V.F.); (T.N.); (L.Z.); (J.F.M.)
| | - John F. McDyer
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA (K.V.F.); (T.N.); (L.Z.); (J.F.M.)
| | - Chunbin Zou
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (R.D.); (B.D.); (A.B.); (S.W.)
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA (K.V.F.); (T.N.); (L.Z.); (J.F.M.)
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2
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Reisbeck L, Linder B, Tascher G, Bozkurt S, Weber KJ, Herold-Mende C, van Wijk SJL, Marschalek R, Schaefer L, Münch C, Kögel D. The iron chelator and OXPHOS inhibitor VLX600 induces mitophagy and an autophagy-dependent type of cell death in glioblastoma cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 325:C1451-C1469. [PMID: 37899749 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00293.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Induction of alternative, non-apoptotic cell death programs such as cell-lethal autophagy and mitophagy represent possible strategies to combat glioblastoma (GBM). Here we report that VLX600, a novel iron chelator and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) inhibitor, induces a caspase-independent type of cell death that is partially rescued in adherent U251 ATG5/7 (autophagy related 5/7) knockout (KO) GBM cells and NCH644 ATG5/7 knockdown (KD) glioma stem-like cells (GSCs), suggesting that VLX600 induces an autophagy-dependent cell death (ADCD) in GBM. This ADCD is accompanied by decreased oxygen consumption, increased expression/mitochondrial localization of BNIP3 (BCL2 interacting protein 3) and BNIP3L (BCL2 interacting protein 3 like), the induction of mitophagy as demonstrated by diminished levels of mitochondrial marker proteins [e.g., COX4I1 (cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4I1)] and the mitoKeima assay as well as increased histone H3 and H4 lysine tri-methylation. Furthermore, the extracellular addition of iron is able to significantly rescue VLX600-induced cell death and mitophagy, pointing out an important role of iron metabolism for GBM cell homeostasis. Interestingly, VLX600 is also able to completely eliminate NCH644 GSC tumors in an organotypic brain slice transplantation model. Our data support the therapeutic concept of ADCD induction in GBM and suggest that VLX600 may be an interesting novel drug candidate for the treatment of this tumor.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Induction of cell-lethal autophagy represents a possible strategy to combat glioblastoma (GBM). Here, we demonstrate that the novel iron chelator and OXPHOS inhibitor VLX600 exerts pronounced tumor cell-killing effects in adherently cultured GBM cells and glioblastoma stem-like cell (GSC) spheroid cultures that depend on the iron-chelating function of VLX600 and on autophagy activation, underscoring the context-dependent role of autophagy in therapy responses. VLX600 represents an interesting novel drug candidate for the treatment of this tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Reisbeck
- Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Benedikt Linder
- Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Georg Tascher
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Süleyman Bozkurt
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Katharina J Weber
- Neurological Institute (Edinger Institute), Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- University Cancer Center Frankfurt (UCT), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner site Frankfurt/Main, a partnership between DKFZ and University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christel Herold-Mende
- Division of Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sjoerd J L van Wijk
- Institute for Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner site Frankfurt/Main, a partnership between DKFZ and University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Rolf Marschalek
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Diagnostic Center of Acute Leukemia, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Liliana Schaefer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christian Münch
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Donat Kögel
- Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner site Frankfurt/Main, a partnership between DKFZ and University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
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3
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Bathla P, Sandanaraj BS. Development of Activity-Based Reporter Gene Technology for Imaging of Protease Activity with an Exquisite Specificity in a Single Live Cell. ACS Chem Biol 2019; 14:2276-2285. [PMID: 31498985 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Imaging of an active protease with an exquisite specificity in the presence of highly homologous proteins within a living cell is a very challenging task. Herein, we disclose a new method called "Activity-based Reporter Gene Technology" (AbRGT). This method provides an opportunity to study the function of "active protease" with an unprecedented specificity. As a proof-of-concept, we have applied this method to study the function of individual caspase protease in both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis signaling pathways. The versatility of this method is demonstrated by studying the function of both the initiator and effector caspases, independently. The modular fashion of this technology provides the opportunity to noninvasively image the function of cathepsin-B in a caspase-dependent cell death pathway. As a potential application, this method is used as a tool to screen compounds that are potent inhibitors of caspases and cathepsin-B proteases. The fact that this method can be readily applied to any protease of interest opens up huge opportunities for this technology in the area of target validation, high-throughput screening, in vivo imaging, diagnostics, and therapeutic intervention.
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4
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Kinase-Based Screening of Marine Natural Extracts Leads to the Identification of a Cytotoxic High Molecular Weight Metabolite from the Mediterranean Sponge Crambe tailliezi. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17100569. [PMID: 31600933 PMCID: PMC6836018 DOI: 10.3390/md17100569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulated cell death (RCD) results from the activation of one or more signal transduction modules both in physiological or pathological conditions. It is now established that RCD is involved in numerous human diseases, including cancer. As regulated cell death processes can be modulated by pharmacological tools, the research reported here aims to characterize new marine compounds acting as RCD modulators. Protein kinases (PKs) are key signaling actors in various RCDs notably through the control of either mitosis (e.g., the PKs Aurora A and B) or necroptosis (e.g., RIPK1 and RIPK3). From the primary screening of 27 various extracts of marine organisms collected in the Mediterranean Sea, an extract and subsequently a purified high molecular weight compound dubbed P3, were isolated from the marine sponge Crambe tailliezi and characterized as a selective inhibitor of PKs Aurora A and B. Furthermore, P3 was shown to induce apoptosis and to decrease proliferation and mitotic index of human osteosarcoma U-2 OS cells.
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5
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Yang R, Yang E, Shen L, Modlin RL, Shen H, Chen ZW. IL-12+IL-18 Cosignaling in Human Macrophages and Lung Epithelial Cells Activates Cathelicidin and Autophagy, Inhibiting Intracellular Mycobacterial Growth. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 200:2405-2417. [PMID: 29453279 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The ability of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to block host antimicrobial responses in infected cells provides a key mechanism for disease pathogenesis. The immune system has evolved to overcome this blockade to restrict the infection, but it is not clear whether two key innate cytokines (IL-12/IL-18) involved in host defense can enhance antimycobacterial mechanisms. In this study, we demonstrated that the combination of IL-12 and IL-18 triggered an antimicrobial response against mycobacteria in infected macrophages (THP-1 and human primary monocyte-derived macrophages) and pulmonary epithelial A549 cells. The inhibition of intracellular bacterial growth required p38-MAPK and STAT4 pathways, the vitamin D receptor, the vitamin D receptor-derived antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin, and autophagy, but not caspase-mediated apoptosis. Finally, the ability of IL-12+IL-18 to activate an innate antimicrobial response in human primary macrophages was dependent on the autonomous production of IFN-γ and the CAMP/autophagy pathway. Together, these data suggest that IL-12+IL-18 cosignaling can trigger the antimicrobial protein cathelicidin and autophagy, resulting in inhibition of intracellular mycobacteria in macrophages and lung epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yang
- Unit of Anti-Tuberculosis Immunity, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Enzhuo Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Ling Shen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Robert L Modlin
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095.,Division of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095; and
| | - Hongbo Shen
- Unit of Anti-Tuberculosis Immunity, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China;
| | - Zheng W Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612.,Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai 200031, China
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6
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Yan W, Wu J, Wong KKY, Tsia KK. A high-throughput all-optical laser-scanning imaging flow cytometer with biomolecular specificity and subcellular resolution. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2018; 11:e201700178. [PMID: 29072813 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201700178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Image-based cellular assay advances approaches to dissect complex cellular characteristics through direct visualization of cellular functional structures. However, available technologies face a common challenge, especially when it comes to the unmet need for unraveling population heterogeneity at single-cell precision: higher imaging resolution (and thus content) comes at the expense of lower throughput, or vice versa. To overcome this challenge, a new type of imaging flow cytometer based upon an all-optical ultrafast laser-scanning imaging technique, called free-space angular-chirp-enhanced delay (FACED) is reported. It enables an imaging throughput (>20 000 cells s-1 ) 1 to 2 orders of magnitude higher than the camera-based imaging flow cytometers. It also has 2 critical advantages over optical time-stretch imaging flow cytometry, which achieves a similar throughput: (1) it is widely compatible to the repertoire of biochemical contrast agents, favoring biomolecular-specific cellular assay and (2) it enables high-throughput visualization of functional morphology of individual cells with subcellular resolution. These capabilities enable multiparametric single-cell image analysis which reveals cellular heterogeneity, for example, in the cell-death processes demonstrated in this work-the information generally masked in non-imaging flow cytometry. Therefore, this platform empowers not only efficient large-scale single-cell measurements, but also detailed mechanistic analysis of complex cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwei Yan
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jianglai Wu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kenneth K Y Wong
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kevin K Tsia
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
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7
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Lasitschka F, Giese T, Paparella M, Kurzhals SR, Wabnitz G, Jacob K, Gras J, Bode KA, Heninger AK, Sziskzai T, Samstag Y, Leszinski C, Jocher B, Al-Saeedi M, Meuer SC, Schröder-Braunstein J. Human monocytes downregulate innate response receptors following exposure to the microbial metabolite n-butyrate. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2017; 5:480-492. [PMID: 28681454 PMCID: PMC5691313 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Hyporesponsiveness of human lamina propria immune cells to microbial and nutritional antigens represents one important feature of intestinal homeostasis. It is at least partially mediated by low expression of the innate response receptors CD11b, CD14, CD16 as well as the cystine‐glutamate transporter xCT on these cells. Milieu‐specific mechanisms leading to the down‐regulation of these receptors on circulating monocytes, the precursor cells of resident macrophages, are mostly unknown. Methods Here, we addressed the question whether the short chain fatty acid n‐butyrate, a fermentation product of the mammalian gut microbiota exhibiting histone deacetylase inhibitory activity, is able to modulate expression of these receptors in human circulating monocytes. Results Exposure to n‐butyrate resulted in the downregulation of CD11b, CD14, as well as CD16 surface expression on circulating monocytes. XCT transcript levels in circulating monocytes were also reduced following exposure to n‐butyrate. Importantly, treatment resulted in the downregulation of protein and gene expression of the transcription factor PU.1, which was shown to be at least partially required for the expression of CD16 in circulating monocytes. PU.1 expression in resident macrophages in situ was observed to be substantially lower in healthy when compared to inflamed colonic mucosa. Conclusions In summary, the intestinal microbiota may support symbiosis with the human host organism by n‐butyrate mediated downregulation of protein and gene expression of innate response receptors as well as xCT on circulating monocytes following recruitment to the lamina propria. Downregulation of CD16 gene expression may at least partially be caused at the transcriptional level by the n‐butyrate mediated decrease in expression of the transcription factor PU.1 in circulating monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Lasitschka
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 305, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Giese
- Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 305, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marco Paparella
- Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 305, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan R Kurzhals
- Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 305, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Guido Wabnitz
- Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 305, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katrin Jacob
- Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 305, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Judith Gras
- Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 305, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Konrad A Bode
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anne-Kristin Heninger
- Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 305, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Timea Sziskzai
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yvonne Samstag
- Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 305, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Cornelia Leszinski
- Department of Surgery, St. Vincentius Hospital, Holzstr. 4a, 67346, Speyer, Germany
| | - Bettina Jocher
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mohammed Al-Saeedi
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan C Meuer
- Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 305, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jutta Schröder-Braunstein
- Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 305, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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8
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Shibata N, Nagai K, Morita Y, Ujikawa O, Ohoka N, Hattori T, Koyama R, Sano O, Imaeda Y, Nara H, Cho N, Naito M. Development of Protein Degradation Inducers of Androgen Receptor by Conjugation of Androgen Receptor Ligands and Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein Ligands. J Med Chem 2017; 61:543-575. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Norihito Shibata
- Divisions
of Molecular Target and Gene Therapy Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku,
Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | - Katsunori Nagai
- Pharmaceutical
Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi
2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-0012, Japan
| | - Yoko Morita
- Pharmaceutical
Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi
2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-0012, Japan
| | - Osamu Ujikawa
- Pharmaceutical
Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi
2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-0012, Japan
| | - Nobumichi Ohoka
- Divisions
of Molecular Target and Gene Therapy Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku,
Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | - Takayuki Hattori
- Divisions
of Molecular Target and Gene Therapy Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku,
Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | - Ryokichi Koyama
- Pharmaceutical
Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi
2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-0012, Japan
| | - Osamu Sano
- Pharmaceutical
Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi
2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-0012, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Imaeda
- Pharmaceutical
Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi
2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-0012, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nara
- Pharmaceutical
Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi
2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-0012, Japan
| | - Nobuo Cho
- Pharmaceutical
Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi
2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-0012, Japan
| | - Mikihiko Naito
- Divisions
of Molecular Target and Gene Therapy Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku,
Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
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9
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Du X, Zhou J, Wang H, Shi J, Kuang Y, Zeng W, Yang Z, Xu B. In situ generated D-peptidic nanofibrils as multifaceted apoptotic inducers to target cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2614. [PMID: 28206986 PMCID: PMC5386457 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Nanofibrils of small molecules, as a new class of biofunctional entities, exhibit emergent properties for controlling cell fates, but the relevant mechanism remains to be elucidated and the in vivo effect has yet to be examined. Here, we show that D-peptide nanofibrils, generated by enzyme-instructed self-assembly (EISA), pleiotropically activate extrinsic death signaling for selectively killing cancer cells. Catalyzed by alkaline phosphatases and formed in situ on cancer cells, D-peptide nanofibrils present autocrine proapoptotic ligands to their cognate receptors in a juxtacrine manner, as well as directly cluster the death receptors. As multifaceted initiators, D-peptide nanofibrils induce apoptosis of cancer cells without harming normal cells in a co-culture, kill multidrug-resistant (MDR) cancer cells, boost the activities of anticancer drugs, and inhibit tumor growth in a murine model. Such a supramolecular cellular biochemical process (consisting of reaction, assembly, and binding) for multi-targeting or modulating protein–protein interaction networks ultimately may lead to new ways for combating cancer drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewen Du
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, USA
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, USA
| | - Huainin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, USA
| | - Junfeng Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, USA
| | - Yi Kuang
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, USA
| | - Wu Zeng
- The Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, USA
| | - Zhimou Yang
- The College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, USA
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10
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Wynick C, Petes C, Tigert A, Gee K. Lipopolysaccharide-Mediated Induction of Concurrent IL-1β and IL-23 Expression in THP-1 Cells Exhibits Differential Requirements for Caspase-1 and Cathepsin B Activity. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2016; 36:477-87. [PMID: 27096899 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2015.0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The inflammasome is a multimeric protein complex required for interleukin (IL)-1β production. Upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS) triggering of toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 and subsequent ATP signaling, the NOD-like receptor containing-pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is activated to cleave pro-caspase-1 into caspase-1, allowing the secretion of IL-1β. IL-1β is known to function with IL-23 in the regulation of IL-17-producing CD4(+) T cells, Th17 cells, in adaptive immunity. Recently, studies have shown that IL-1β and IL-23 together activate IL-17-producing innate lymphoid cells, demonstrating that the pair may exhibit additional effects on cell differentiation. Using an in vitro model of bacterial infection, LPS treatment of human monocytic cells, we investigated the molecular mechanisms involved in the co-expression of IL-1β and IL-23. We found that IL-1β is partially required for optimal LPS-induced IL-23 production. We also found that IL-23 production was partially dependent on ATP signaling via the P2X7 receptor, whereas IL-1β production required this signaling. Furthermore, we identified a novel role for cathepsin B activity in IL-23 production. Taken together, this study identifies differential requirements for the co-expression of IL-1β and IL-23. Due to their similar roles in Th17 differentiation, characterization of the regulatory mechanisms for LPS-induced IL-1β and IL-23 may reveal novel information into the pathology of the inflammatory response particularly during bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Wynick
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University , Kingston, Canada
| | - Carlene Petes
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University , Kingston, Canada
| | - Alexander Tigert
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University , Kingston, Canada
| | - Katrina Gee
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University , Kingston, Canada
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11
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Patankar YR, Mabaera R, Berwin B. Differential ASC requirements reveal a key role for neutrophils and a noncanonical IL-1β response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 309:L902-13. [PMID: 26472815 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00228.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The NLRC4 inflammasome is responsible for IL-1β processing by macrophages in response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. We therefore hypothesized that mice that lack ASC, an NLRC4 inflammasome adaptor protein necessary for in vitro IL-1β production by macrophages, would be preferentially protected from a hyperinflammatory lethal challenge that is dependent on bacterial type three secretion system (T3SS) activity. We report herein that lack of ASC does not confer preferential protection in response to P. aeruginosa acute infection and that ASC(-/-) mice are capable of producing robust amounts of IL-1β comparable with C57BL/6 mice. We now identify that neutrophils represent the ASC-independent source of IL-1β production during the acute phases of infection both in models of acute pneumonia and peritonitis. Consequently, depletion of neutrophils in ASC(-/-) mice leads to a marked deficit in IL-1β production in vivo. The pulmonary neutrophil IL-1β response is predominantly dependent on caspase-1, which contrasts with data derived from ocular infection. These studies therefore identify a noncanonical mechanism of IL-1β production by neutrophils independent of ASC and demonstrate the first physiological contribution of neutrophils as an important source of IL-1β in response to acute P. aeruginosa infection during acute pneumonia and peritonitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yash R Patankar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Rodwell Mabaera
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Brent Berwin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire
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12
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Guo Y, Ziesch A, Hocke S, Kampmann E, Ochs S, De Toni EN, Göke B, Gallmeier E. Overexpression of heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) increases gemcitabine sensitivity in pancreatic cancer cells through S-phase arrest and apoptosis. J Cell Mol Med 2014; 19:340-50. [PMID: 25331547 PMCID: PMC4407596 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously established a role for HSP27 as a predictive marker for therapeutic response towards gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer. Here, we investigate the underlying mechanisms of HSP27-mediated gemcitabine sensitivity. Utilizing a pancreatic cancer cell model with stable HSP27 overexpression, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction were analysed by flow cytometry, nuclear staining, immunoblotting and mitochondrial staining. Drug sensitivity studies were performed by proliferation assays. Hyperthermia was simulated using mild heat shock at 41.8°C. Upon gemcitabine treatment, HSP27-overexpressing cells displayed an early S-phase arrest subsequently followed by a strongly increased sub-G1 fraction. Apoptosis was characterized by PARP-, CASPASE 3-, CASPASE 8-, CASPASE 9- and BIM- activation along with a mitochondrial membrane potential loss. It was reversible through chemical caspase inhibition. Importantly, gemcitabine sensitivity and PARP cleavage were also elicited by heat shock-induced HSP27 overexpression, although to a smaller extent, in a panel of pancreatic cancer cell lines. Finally, HSP27-overexpressing pancreatic cancer cells displayed an increased sensitivity also towards death receptor-targeting agents, suggesting another pro-apoptotic role of HSP27 along the extrinsic apoptosis pathway. Taken together, in contrast to the well-established anti-apoptotic properties of HSP27 in cancer, our study reveals novel pro-apoptotic functions of HSP27—mediated through both the intrinsic and the extrinsic apoptotic pathways—at least in pancreatic cancer cells. HSP27 could represent a predictive marker of therapeutic response towards specific drug classes in pancreatic cancer and provides a novel molecular rationale for current clinical trials applying the combination of gemcitabine with regional hyperthermia in pancreatic cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Guo
- Department of Medicine II, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
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13
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Galluzzi L, Bravo-San Pedro JM, Vitale I, Aaronson SA, Abrams JM, Adam D, Alnemri ES, Altucci L, Andrews D, Annicchiarico-Petruzzelli M, Baehrecke EH, Bazan NG, Bertrand MJ, Bianchi K, Blagosklonny MV, Blomgren K, Borner C, Bredesen DE, Brenner C, Campanella M, Candi E, Cecconi F, Chan FK, Chandel NS, Cheng EH, Chipuk JE, Cidlowski JA, Ciechanover A, Dawson TM, Dawson VL, De Laurenzi V, De Maria R, Debatin KM, Di Daniele N, Dixit VM, Dynlacht BD, El-Deiry WS, Fimia GM, Flavell RA, Fulda S, Garrido C, Gougeon ML, Green DR, Gronemeyer H, Hajnoczky G, Hardwick JM, Hengartner MO, Ichijo H, Joseph B, Jost PJ, Kaufmann T, Kepp O, Klionsky DJ, Knight RA, Kumar S, Lemasters JJ, Levine B, Linkermann A, Lipton SA, Lockshin RA, López-Otín C, Lugli E, Madeo F, Malorni W, Marine JC, Martin SJ, Martinou JC, Medema JP, Meier P, Melino S, Mizushima N, Moll U, Muñoz-Pinedo C, Nuñez G, Oberst A, Panaretakis T, Penninger JM, Peter ME, Piacentini M, Pinton P, Prehn JH, Puthalakath H, Rabinovich GA, Ravichandran KS, Rizzuto R, Rodrigues CM, Rubinsztein DC, Rudel T, Shi Y, Simon HU, Stockwell BR, Szabadkai G, Tait SW, Tang HL, Tavernarakis N, Tsujimoto Y, Vanden Berghe T, Vandenabeele P, Villunger A, Wagner EF, Walczak H, White E, Wood WG, Yuan J, Zakeri Z, Zhivotovsky B, Melino G, Kroemer G. Essential versus accessory aspects of cell death: recommendations of the NCCD 2015. Cell Death Differ 2014; 22:58-73. [PMID: 25236395 PMCID: PMC4262782 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2014.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 679] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells exposed to extreme physicochemical or mechanical stimuli die in an uncontrollable manner, as a result of their immediate structural breakdown. Such an unavoidable variant of cellular demise is generally referred to as ‘accidental cell death' (ACD). In most settings, however, cell death is initiated by a genetically encoded apparatus, correlating with the fact that its course can be altered by pharmacologic or genetic interventions. ‘Regulated cell death' (RCD) can occur as part of physiologic programs or can be activated once adaptive responses to perturbations of the extracellular or intracellular microenvironment fail. The biochemical phenomena that accompany RCD may be harnessed to classify it into a few subtypes, which often (but not always) exhibit stereotyped morphologic features. Nonetheless, efficiently inhibiting the processes that are commonly thought to cause RCD, such as the activation of executioner caspases in the course of apoptosis, does not exert true cytoprotective effects in the mammalian system, but simply alters the kinetics of cellular demise as it shifts its morphologic and biochemical correlates. Conversely, bona fide cytoprotection can be achieved by inhibiting the transduction of lethal signals in the early phases of the process, when adaptive responses are still operational. Thus, the mechanisms that truly execute RCD may be less understood, less inhibitable and perhaps more homogeneous than previously thought. Here, the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death formulates a set of recommendations to help scientists and researchers to discriminate between essential and accessory aspects of cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Galluzzi
- 1] Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France [2] Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France [3] Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - J M Bravo-San Pedro
- 1] Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France [2] Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France [3] INSERM, U1138, Gustave Roussy, Paris, France
| | - I Vitale
- Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - S A Aaronson
- Department of Oncological Sciences, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Ichan School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - J M Abrams
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - D Adam
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - E S Alnemri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - L Altucci
- Dipartimento di Biochimica, Biofisica e Patologia Generale, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - D Andrews
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M Annicchiarico-Petruzzelli
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata - Istituto Ricovero Cura Carattere Scientifico (IDI-IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - E H Baehrecke
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - N G Bazan
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - M J Bertrand
- 1] VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent, Belgium [2] Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - K Bianchi
- 1] Barts Cancer Institute, Cancer Research UK Centre of Excellence, London, UK [2] Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, London, UK
| | - M V Blagosklonny
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - K Blomgren
- Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C Borner
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - D E Bredesen
- 1] Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA [2] Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - C Brenner
- 1] INSERM, UMRS769, Châtenay Malabry, France [2] LabEx LERMIT, Châtenay Malabry, France [3] Université Paris Sud/Paris XI, Orsay, France
| | - M Campanella
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences and Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - E Candi
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - F Cecconi
- 1] Laboratory of Molecular Neuroembryology, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy [2] Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata; Rome, Italy [3] Unit of Cell Stress and Survival, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - F K Chan
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - N S Chandel
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - E H Cheng
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program and Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY, USA
| | - J E Chipuk
- Department of Oncological Sciences, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Ichan School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - J A Cidlowski
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institute of Health (NIH), North Carolina, NC, USA
| | - A Ciechanover
- Tumor and Vascular Biology Research Center, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - T M Dawson
- 1] Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering (ICE), Departments of Neurology, Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Solomon H Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA [2] Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - V L Dawson
- 1] Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering (ICE), Departments of Neurology, Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Solomon H Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA [2] Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - V De Laurenzi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Sciences, Gabriele d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - R De Maria
- Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - K-M Debatin
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - N Di Daniele
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - V M Dixit
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - B D Dynlacht
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Institute, Smilow Research Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - W S El-Deiry
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Department of Medicine (Hematology/Oncology), Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - G M Fimia
- 1] Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy [2] Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani, Istituto Ricovero Cura Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - R A Flavell
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - S Fulda
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - C Garrido
- 1] INSERM, U866, Dijon, France [2] Faculty of Medicine, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - M-L Gougeon
- Antiviral Immunity, Biotherapy and Vaccine Unit, Infection and Epidemiology Department, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - D R Green
- Department of Immunology, St Jude's Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - H Gronemeyer
- Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France
| | - G Hajnoczky
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J M Hardwick
- W Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - M O Hengartner
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - H Ichijo
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - B Joseph
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Centrum Karolinska (CCK), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P J Jost
- Medical Department for Hematology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - T Kaufmann
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - O Kepp
- 1] Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France [2] INSERM, U1138, Gustave Roussy, Paris, France [3] Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
| | - D J Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - R A Knight
- 1] Medical Molecular Biology Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London (UCL), London, UK [2] Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit, Leicester, UK
| | - S Kumar
- 1] Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia [2] School of Medicine and School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - J J Lemasters
- Departments of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - B Levine
- 1] Center for Autophagy Research, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA [2] Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - A Linkermann
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - S A Lipton
- 1] The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA [2] Sanford-Burnham Center for Neuroscience, Aging, and Stem Cell Research, La Jolla, CA, USA [3] Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA [4] University of California, San Diego (UCSD), San Diego, CA, USA
| | - R A Lockshin
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA
| | - C López-Otín
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medecine, Instituto Universitario de Oncología (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - E Lugli
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy
| | - F Madeo
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - W Malorni
- 1] Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicine Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanita (ISS), Roma, Italy [2] San Raffaele Institute, Sulmona, Italy
| | - J-C Marine
- 1] Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Center for the Biology of Disease, Leuven, Belgium [2] Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Center of Human Genetics, Leuven, Belgium
| | - S J Martin
- Department of Genetics, The Smurfit Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - J-C Martinou
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J P Medema
- Laboratory for Experiments Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P Meier
- Institute of Cancer Research, The Breakthrough Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, London, UK
| | - S Melino
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - N Mizushima
- Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - U Moll
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - C Muñoz-Pinedo
- Cell Death Regulation Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Nuñez
- Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - A Oberst
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - T Panaretakis
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Centrum Karolinska (CCK), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J M Penninger
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - M E Peter
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - M Piacentini
- 1] Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata; Rome, Italy [2] Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani, Istituto Ricovero Cura Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - P Pinton
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology and LTTA Center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - J H Prehn
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons, Dublin, Ireland
| | - H Puthalakath
- Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe Institute of Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - G A Rabinovich
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - K S Ravichandran
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - R Rizzuto
- Department Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - C M Rodrigues
- Research Institute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - D C Rubinsztein
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - T Rudel
- Department of Microbiology, University of Würzburg; Würzburg, Germany
| | - Y Shi
- Soochow Institute for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - H-U Simon
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - B R Stockwell
- 1] Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), Chevy Chase, MD, USA [2] Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - G Szabadkai
- 1] Department Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy [2] Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - S W Tait
- 1] Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK [2] Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - H L Tang
- W Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - N Tavernarakis
- 1] Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece [2] Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Y Tsujimoto
- Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka, Japan
| | - T Vanden Berghe
- 1] VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent, Belgium [2] Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - P Vandenabeele
- 1] VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent, Belgium [2] Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium [3] Methusalem Program, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - A Villunger
- Division of Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - E F Wagner
- Cancer Cell Biology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - H Walczak
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - E White
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - W G Wood
- 1] Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN, USA [2] Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - J Yuan
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Z Zakeri
- 1] Department of Biology, Queens College, Queens, NY, USA [2] Graduate Center, City University of New York (CUNY), Queens, NY, USA
| | - B Zhivotovsky
- 1] Division of Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden [2] Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - G Melino
- 1] Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy [2] Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit, Leicester, UK
| | - G Kroemer
- 1] Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France [2] Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France [3] INSERM, U1138, Gustave Roussy, Paris, France [4] Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France [5] Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
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14
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Sakaba Y, Awata H, Morisugi T, Kawakami T, Sakudo A, Tanaka Y. 15-Deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 induces PPARγ- and p53-independent apoptosis in rabbit synovial cells. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2014; 109-111:1-13. [PMID: 24680891 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A ligand of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), 15-deoxy-Δ(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) induces apoptosis in various cells. However, the mechanism appears to be complex and cell-type specific. We investigated the mechanism of 15d-PGJ2-induced apoptosis of rabbit synovial cells. Exposure to 15d-PGJ2 resulted in DNA fragmentation accompanied by caspase-3 and -9 activations in the cells, suggesting occurrence of mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. Although the exposure also induced remarkable increase in p53 protein, its transcriptional activity was rather reduced, suggesting non-necessity of p53 in 15d-PGJ2-induced apoptosis. Covalent binding of 15d-PGJ2 to cellular proteins including p53 resulted in their insolubilization. N-acetylcysteine inhibited not only the 15d-PGJ2-induced apoptotic events but also the protein insolubilizations via its interaction with 15d-PGJ2. The studies using a PPARγ-agonist and -antagonist showed noninvolvement of PPARγ in 15d-PGJ2-induced apoptosis. The pre-exposure to pro-inflammatory cytokines did not affect the cytotoxicity of 15d-PGJ2 in synovial cells. Taken together, these results show that 15d-PGJ2 induces a mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathway in p53- and PPARγ-independent manners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Sakaba
- Department of Biometabolic Chemistry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of The Ryukyus, Uehara 207, Nishihara-Cho, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
| | - Hisataka Awata
- Department of Clinical Physiology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of The Ryukyus, Uehara 207, Nishihara-Cho, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Morisugi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Medicine, Nara Medical University, Shijo-Cho 840, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Kawakami
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Medicine, Nara Medical University, Shijo-Cho 840, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Akikazu Sakudo
- Department of Biometabolic Chemistry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of The Ryukyus, Uehara 207, Nishihara-Cho, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Tanaka
- Department of Biometabolic Chemistry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of The Ryukyus, Uehara 207, Nishihara-Cho, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan.
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15
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Macdonald LJ, Graham JG, Kurten RC, Voth DE. Coxiella burnetii exploits host cAMP-dependent protein kinase signalling to promote macrophage survival. Cell Microbiol 2013; 16:146-59. [PMID: 24028560 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular bacterial pathogens often subvert apoptosis signalling to regulate survival of their host cell, allowing propagation of the bacterial population. Coxiella burnetii, the intracellular agent of human Q fever, inhibits host cell apoptosis through several mechanisms, including prevention of mitochondrial cytochrome c release, triggering of an anti-apoptotic transcriptional programme, and activation of pro-survival kinases. To control host cell survival, C. burnetii delivers effector proteins to the eukaryotic cytosol using a specialized Dot/Icm type IV secretion system (T4SS). Effectors are predicted to regulate activity of pro-survival host signalling proteins, such as Akt and cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), to control infection. Here, we show that host PKA activity is required for C. burnetii inhibition of macrophage apoptosis. PKA is activated during infection and inhibits activity of the pro-apoptotic protein Bad via phosphorylation. Bad is also phosphorylated at an Akt-specific residue, indicating C. burnetii uses two kinases to fully inactivate Bad. Additionally, Bad and the tethering protein 14-3-3β colocalize at the C. burnetii parasitophorous vacuole (PV) membrane during infection, an event predicted to alter Bad promotion of apoptosis. Inhibiting PKA activity prevents Bad recruitment to the PV, but the protein is retained at the membrane during induction of apoptosis. Finally, PKA regulatory subunit I (RI) traffics to the PV membrane in a T4SS-dependent manner, suggesting a C. burnetii effector(s) regulates PKA-dependent activities. This study is the first to demonstrate subversion of host PKA activity by an intracellular bacterial pathogen to prevent apoptosis and survive within macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Macdonald
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
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16
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Aneuploid cells are differentially susceptible to caspase-mediated death during embryonic cerebral cortical development. J Neurosci 2013; 32:16213-22. [PMID: 23152605 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3706-12.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural progenitor cells, neurons, and glia of the normal vertebrate brain are diversely aneuploid, forming mosaics of intermixed aneuploid and euploid cells. The functional significance of neural mosaic aneuploidy is not known; however, the generation of aneuploidy during embryonic neurogenesis, coincident with caspase-dependent programmed cell death (PCD), suggests that a cell's karyotype could influence its survival within the CNS. To address this hypothesis, PCD in the mouse embryonic cerebral cortex was attenuated by global pharmacological inhibition of caspases or genetic removal of caspase-3 or caspase-9. The chromosomal repertoire of individual brain cells was then assessed by chromosome counting, spectral karyotyping, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and DNA content flow cytometry. Reducing PCD resulted in markedly enhanced mosaicism that was comprised of increased numbers of cells with the following: (1) numerical aneuploidy (chromosome losses or gains); (2) extreme forms of numerical aneuploidy (>5 chromosomes lost or gained); and (3) rare karyotypes, including those with coincident chromosome loss and gain, or absence of both members of a chromosome pair (nullisomy). Interestingly, mildly aneuploid (<5 chromosomes lost or gained) populations remained comparatively unchanged. These data demonstrate functional non-equivalence of distinguishable aneuploidies on neural cell survival, providing evidence that somatically generated, cell-autonomous genomic alterations have consequences for neural development and possibly other brain functions.
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Spencer CT, Abate G, Sakala IG, Xia M, Truscott SM, Eickhoff CS, Linn R, Blazevic A, Metkar SS, Peng G, Froelich CJ, Hoft DF. Granzyme A produced by γ(9)δ(2) T cells induces human macrophages to inhibit growth of an intracellular pathogen. PLoS Pathog 2013; 9:e1003119. [PMID: 23326234 PMCID: PMC3542113 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Human γ9δ2 T cells potently inhibit pathogenic microbes, including intracellular mycobacteria, but the key inhibitory mechanism(s) involved have not been identified. We report a novel mechanism involving the inhibition of intracellular mycobacteria by soluble granzyme A. γ9δ2 T cells produced soluble factors that could pass through 0.45 µm membranes and inhibit intracellular mycobacteria in human monocytes cultured below transwell inserts. Neutralization of TNF-α in co-cultures of infected monocytes and γ9δ2 T cells prevented inhibition, suggesting that TNF-α was the critical inhibitory factor produced by γ9δ2 T cells. However, only siRNA- mediated knockdown of TNF-α in infected monocytes, but not in γ9δ2 T cells, prevented mycobacterial growth inhibition. Investigations of other soluble factors produced by γ9δ2 T cells identified a highly significant correlation between the levels of granzyme A produced and intracellular mycobacterial growth inhibition. Furthermore, purified granzyme A alone induced inhibition of intracellular mycobacteria, while knockdown of granzyme A in γ9δ2 T cell clones blocked their inhibitory effects. The inhibitory mechanism was independent of autophagy, apoptosis, nitric oxide production, type I interferons, Fas/FasL and perforin. These results demonstrate a novel microbial defense mechanism involving granzyme A-mediated triggering of TNF-α production by monocytes leading to intracellular mycobacterial growth suppression. This pathway may provide a protective mechanism relevant for the development of new vaccines and/or immunotherapies for macrophage-resident chronic microbial infections. A small subset of human T cells express γ9δ2 T cell receptors and recognize unique non-peptide phosphoantigens expressed by microbes and damaged cells, such as cancer. These cells are important because: 1) they reside within skin and mucosal surfaces at critical points of initial pathogen invasion, and 2) they are not restricted by polymorphic HLA types and thus can be activated by the same cognate antigens in highly diverse populations. Many important human pathogens such as the causes of AIDS, malaria, tuberculosis and others induce potent responses in γ9δ2 T cells that can be protective. However, the key mechanisms involved in γ9δ2 T cell-mediated protective immunity are not well defined. We have found that γ9δ2 T cells produce soluble granzyme A which correlates with their ability to protect against intracellular mycobacterial growth. We show directly that highly purified granzyme A alone can trigger human monocytes to control intracellular mycobacteria. We further show that the granzyme A-induced mycobacterial inhibition required production of TNF-α by infected monocytes. These studies may have important implications for future vaccine development and novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles T. Spencer
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Getahun Abate
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Isaac G. Sakala
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Mei Xia
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Steven M. Truscott
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Christopher S. Eickhoff
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Linn
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Azra Blazevic
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Sunil S. Metkar
- NorthShore University HealthSystems Research Institute, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Guangyong Peng
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Christopher J. Froelich
- NorthShore University HealthSystems Research Institute, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Daniel F. Hoft
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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18
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Azab HA, Hussein BH, El-Azab MF, Gomaa M, El-Falouji AI. Bis(acridine-9-carboxylate)-nitro-europium(III) dihydrate complex a new apoptotic agent through Flk-1 down regulation, caspase-3 activation and oligonucleosomes DNA fragmentation. Bioorg Med Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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19
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A novel steroidal saponin glycoside from Fagonia indica induces cell-selective apoptosis or necrosis in cancer cells. Eur J Pharm Sci 2012; 47:464-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2012.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Revised: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Yahiro K, Satoh M, Nakano M, Hisatsune J, Isomoto H, Sap J, Suzuki H, Nomura F, Noda M, Moss J, Hirayama T. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1) mediates autophagy and apoptosis caused by Helicobacter pylori VacA. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:31104-15. [PMID: 22822085 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.387498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In Helicobacter pylori infection, vacuolating cytotoxin (VacA)-induced mitochondrial damage leading to apoptosis is believed to be a major cause of cell death. It has also been proposed that VacA-induced autophagy serves as a host mechanism to limit toxin-induced cellular damage. Apoptosis and autophagy are two dynamic and opposing processes that must be balanced to regulate cell death and survival. Here we identify the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1) as the VacA receptor for toxin-induced autophagy in the gastric epithelial cell line AZ-521, and show that VacA internalization through binding to LRP1 regulates the autophagic process including generation of LC3-II from LC3-I, which is involved in formation of autophagosomes and autolysosomes. Knockdown of LRP1 and Atg5 inhibited generation of LC3-II as well as cleavage of PARP, a marker of apoptosis, in response to VacA, whereas caspase inhibitor, benzyloxycarbonyl-VAD-fluoromethylketone (Z-VAD-fmk), and necroptosis inhibitor, Necrostatin-1, did not inhibit VacA-induced autophagy, suggesting that VacA-induced autophagy via LRP1 binding precedes apoptosis. Other VacA receptors such as RPTPα, RPTPβ, and fibronectin did not affect VacA-induced autophagy or apoptosis. Therefore, we propose that the cell surface receptor, LRP1, mediates VacA-induced autophagy and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinnosuke Yahiro
- Department of Molecular Infectiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
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21
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Park D, Don AS, Massamiri T, Karwa A, Warner B, MacDonald J, Hemenway C, Naik A, Kuan KT, Dilda PJ, Wong JWH, Camphausen K, Chinen L, Dyszlewski M, Hogg PJ. Noninvasive imaging of cell death using an Hsp90 ligand. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:2832-5. [PMID: 21322555 DOI: 10.1021/ja110226y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cell death plays a central role in normal physiology and in disease. Common to apoptotic and necrotic cell death is the eventual loss of plasma membrane integrity. We have produced a small organoarsenical compound, 4-(N-(S-glutathionylacetyl)amino)phenylarsonous acid, that rapidly accumulates in the cytosol of dying cells coincident with loss of plasma membrane integrity. The compound is retained in the cytosol predominantly by covalent reaction with the 90 kDa heat shock protein (Hsp90), the most abundant molecular chaperone of the eukaryotic cytoplasm. The organoarsenical was tagged with either optical or radioisotope reporting groups to image cell death in cultured cells and in murine tumors ex vivo and in situ. Tumor cell death in mice was noninvasively imaged by SPECT/CT using an (111)In-tagged compound. This versatile compound should enable the imaging of cell death in most experimental settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Park
- Lowy Cancer Research Centre and POW Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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22
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López D, García-Calvo M, Smith GL, Del Val M. Caspases in virus-infected cells contribute to recognition by CD8+ T lymphocytes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 184:5193-9. [PMID: 20348426 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1000050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes recognize infected cells in which MHC class I molecules present pathogen-derived peptides that have been processed mainly by proteasomes. Many infections induce a set of proteases, the caspases involved in apoptosis or inflammation. In this study, we report that processing and presentation of a short vaccinia virus-encoded Ag can take place also by a nonproteasomal pathway, which was blocked in infected cells with chemical inhibitors of caspases. By cleaving at noncanonical sites, at least two caspases generated antigenic peptides recognized by T lymphocytes. The sites and the peptidic products were partially overlapping but different to those used and produced by proteasomes in vitro. Antigenic natural peptides produced in infected cells by either pathway were quantitatively and qualitatively similar. Finally, coexpression of the natural vaccinia virus protein B13, which is an inhibitor of caspases and apoptosis, impaired Ag presentation by the caspase pathway in infected cells. These data support the hypothesis that numerous cellular proteolytic systems, including those induced during infection, such as caspases involved in apoptosis or in inflammation, contribute to the repertoire of presented peptides, thereby facilitating immunosurveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel López
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
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23
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Ade N, Martinozzi-Teissier S, Pallardy M, Rousset F. Activation of U937 cells by contact sensitizers: CD86 expression is independent of apoptosis. J Immunotoxicol 2009; 3:189-97. [PMID: 18958700 DOI: 10.1080/15476910600978038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the different phenotypic changes induced by contact sensitizers in dendritic cells and myeloid cell lines, CD86 appears to be a consensus marker, since constantly described as systematically up-regulated. To evaluate the robustness of this marker, interference of cytotoxicity on CD86 expression was investigated in U937 myelomonocytic cell line. In this study, cytotoxicity observed at 48 hr (reading-time for CD86 expression) after treatment with DNCB, NiSO(4) and pPD was shown to result from apoptosis taking place at earlier time points. This allergen-induced apoptosis was at least partly caspase-dependent as demonstrated by caspase-3 activation in response to DNCB and NiSO(4) and inhibition of DNCB-induced apoptosis by Z-VAD-fmk. Inhibition of apoptosis did not modify the stimulation index of CD86 expression in DNCB-treated cells, indicating that apoptosis did not interfere with up-regulation of CD86 expression. In addition, similar CD86 expression level was found in DNCB-treated cells whether calculated from the whole non-necrotic cell population including apoptotic cells or from viable non-apoptotic cell population only. Altogether, these results brought evidence that the presence of cells engaged in death process are not a confusing factor for CD86 expression in response to contact sensitizers. They also pointed out apoptosis as another possible key marker of cellular response to contact sensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadege Ade
- L'Oreal Recherche, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
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24
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25
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NOA36/ZNF330 is a conserved cystein-rich protein with proapoptotic activity in human cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2009; 1793:1876-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2009.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2009] [Revised: 10/26/2009] [Accepted: 10/28/2009] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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26
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Sustained activation of Akt and Erk1/2 is required for Coxiella burnetii antiapoptotic activity. Infect Immun 2008; 77:205-13. [PMID: 18981248 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01124-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Coxiella burnetii is an obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen that directs biogenesis of a lysosome-like, parasitophorous vacuole in mammalian cells. We recently reported that C. burnetii inhibits apoptotic cell death in macrophages, presumably as a mechanism to sustain the host for completion of its lengthy infectious cycle. In the current study, we further investigated C. burnetii manipulation of host cell signaling and apoptosis by examining the effect of C. burnetii infection on activation of 15 host proteins involved in stress responses, cytokine production, and apoptosis. C. burnetii infection of THP-1 human macrophage-like cells caused increased levels of phosphorylated c-Jun, Hsp27, Jun N-terminal protein kinase, and p38 at 2 h postinfection (hpi), and this activation rapidly decreased to near basal levels by 24 hpi. The prosurvival kinases Akt and Erk1/2 (extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2) were also activated at 2 to 6 hpi; however, the phosphorylation of these proteins increased coincident with C. burnetii replication through at least 72 hpi. Sustained phosphorylation of Akt and Erk1/2 was abolished by treatment of infected cells with rifampin, indicating their activation is a C. burnetii-directed event requiring pathogen RNA synthesis. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of Akt or Erk1/2 significantly decreased C. burnetii antiapoptotic activity. Collectively, these results indicate the importance of C. burnetii modulation of host signaling and demonstrate a critical role for Akt and Erk1/2 in successful intracellular parasitism and maintenance of host cell viability.
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27
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Moosajee M, Gregory-Evans K, Ellis CD, Seabra MC, Gregory-Evans CY. Translational bypass of nonsense mutations in zebrafish rep1, pax2.1 and lamb1 highlights a viable therapeutic option for untreatable genetic eye disease. Hum Mol Genet 2008; 17:3987-4000. [PMID: 18809619 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddn302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The extensive molecular genetic heterogeneity seen with inherited eye disease is a major barrier to the development of gene-based therapeutics. The underlying molecular pathology in a considerable proportion of these diseases however are nonsense mutations leading to premature termination codons. A therapeutic intervention targeted at this abnormality would therefore potentially be relevant to a wide range of inherited eye diseases. We have taken advantage of the ability of aminoglycoside drugs to suppress such nonsense mutations and partially restore full-length, functional protein in a zebrafish model of choroideraemia (chm(ru848); juvenile chorio-retinal degeneration) and in two models of ocular coloboma (noi(tu29a) and gup(m189); congenital optic fissure closure defects). In vitro cell-based assays showed significant readthrough with two drugs, gentamicin and paromomycin, which was confirmed by western blot and in vitro prenylation assays. The presence of either aminoglycoside during zebrafish development in vivo showed remarkable prevention of mutant ocular phenotypes in each model and a reduction in multisystemic defects leading to a 1.5-1.7-fold increase in survival. We also identified a significant reduction in abnormal cell death shown by TUNEL assay. To test the hypothesis that optic fissure closure was apoptosis-dependent, the anti-apoptotic agents, curcumin and zVAD-fmk, were tested in gup(m189) embryos. Both drugs were found to reduce the size of the coloboma, providing molecular evidence that cell death is required for optic fissure remodelling. These findings draw attention to the value of zebrafish models of eye disease as useful preclinical drug screening tools in studies to identify molecular mechanisms amenable to therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya Moosajee
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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28
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Ueda H. Prothymosin alpha plays a key role in cell death mode-switch, a new concept for neuroprotective mechanisms in stroke. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2008; 377:315-23. [PMID: 18176798 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-007-0254-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2007] [Accepted: 12/17/2007] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
After stroke or traumatic damages, both necrotic and apoptotic neuronal death cause a loss of functions including memory, sensory perception, and motor skills. From the fact that necrosis has a nature to expand, while apoptosis to cease the cell death cascade in the brain, it is considered that the promising target for the rapid treatment for stroke is the necrosis. In this study, I introduce the discovery of prothymosin alpha (ProTalpha), which inhibits neuronal necrosis, and propose its potentiality of clinical use for stroke. First of all, it should be noted that ProTalpha inhibits the neuronal necrosis induced by serum-free starvation or ischemia-reperfusion stress, which causes a rapid internalization of GLUT1/4, leading a decrease in glucose uptake and cellular ATP levels. Underlying mechanisms are determined to be through an activation of Gi/o, phospholipase C and PKCbetaII. ProTalpha also causes apoptosis later through a similar mechanism. However, we found that ProTalpha-induced apoptosis is completely inhibited by the concomitant treatment with neurotrophins, which are up-regulated by ischemic stress in the brain. Of most importance is the finding that the systemic injection of ProTalpha completely inhibits the brain damages, motor dysfunction and learning memory defect induced by cerebral ischemia-reperfusion stress. As ProTalpha almost entirely prevents the focal ischemia-induced motor dysfunction 4 h after the start of ischemia, this protein seems to have a promising potentiality for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ueda
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan.
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29
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Takashina T, Nakayama M. Modifications enhance the apoptosis-inducing activity of FADD. Mol Cancer Ther 2007; 6:1793-803. [PMID: 17575108 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-06-0522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The ability to enhance apoptosis-inducing activity in specific cells, despite the presence of cellular antiapoptotic proteins, would allow the removal of target cells from a cell population. Here, we show that modification of Fas-associated protein with death domain (FADD) by fusing the tandem death effector domains (DED) of FADD to the E protein of lambda phage, a head coat protein with self-assembly activity, greatly increases the apoptosis-inducing activity of FADD in both adherent NIH3T3 and HEK293 cells. Induction of apoptosis in cell lines that stably express modified FADD (2DEDplusE) resulted in rapid blebbing, and most cells detached from the flask within 5 h. In contrast, following induction of apoptosis, it took over 24 h for the cells expressing unmodified FADD to exhibit these signs. The cells expressing the modified FADD underwent apoptosis through the typical apoptosis cascade via activation of caspase-3, and apoptosis was inhibited by a caspase inhibitor (i.e., z-VAD-fmk). Theoretically, as our adhesive stable cell lines undergo apoptosis rapidly and in synchrony following mifepristone- or tetracycline-controlled production of a single apoptosis protein without affecting any other cellular pathways, they provide excellent model systems in which to analyze the phenomenon of apoptosis in adhesive cell lines, in particular, blebbing and detachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Takashina
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Kisarazu, Chiba, Japan
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Voth DE, Howe D, Heinzen RA. Coxiella burnetii inhibits apoptosis in human THP-1 cells and monkey primary alveolar macrophages. Infect Immun 2007; 75:4263-71. [PMID: 17606599 PMCID: PMC1951190 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00594-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Coxiella burnetii, the cause of human Q fever, is an aerosol-borne, obligate intracellular bacterium that targets host alveolar mononuclear phagocytic cells during infection. In all cell types examined, C. burnetii establishes a replicative niche in a lysosome-like parasitophorous vacuole where it carries out a lengthy infectious cycle with minimal cytopathic effects. The persistent and mild nature of C. burnetii infection in vitro suggests that the pathogen modulates apoptosis to sustain the host cell. In the current study, we examined the ability of C. burnetii to inhibit apoptotic cell death during infection of human THP-1 monocyte-derived macrophages and primary monkey alveolar macrophages. C. burnetii-infected cells demonstrated significant protection from death relative to uninfected cells following treatment with staurosporine, a potent inducer of intrinsic apoptosis. This protection correlated with reduced cleavage of caspase-9, caspase-3, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), all proteolytic events that occur during apoptosis. Reduced PARP cleavage was also observed in cells treated with tumor necrosis factor alpha to induce extrinsic apoptosis. Apoptosis inhibition was a C. burnetii-driven process as infected cells treated with rifampin or chloramphenicol, inhibitors of bacterial RNA and protein synthesis, respectively, showed significantly reduced protection against staurosporine-induced apoptosis. C. burnetii infection affected the expression of multiple apoptosis-related genes and resulted in increased synthesis of the antiapoptotic proteins A1/Bfl-1 and c-IAP2. Collectively, these data suggest that C. burnetii modulates apoptotic pathways to inhibit host cell death, thus providing a stable, intracellular niche for the course of the pathogen's infectious cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E Voth
- Laboratory of Intracellular Parasites, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, 903 S. 4th Street, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
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31
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Rho JK, Choi YJ, Ryoo BY, Na III, Yang SH, Kim CH, Lee JC. p53 enhances gefitinib-induced growth inhibition and apoptosis by regulation of Fas in non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Res 2007; 67:1163-9. [PMID: 17283151 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-2037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Treatment with gefitinib, a specific inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase (EGFR-TK), has resulted in dramatic responses in some patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Most patients who respond to gefitinib have EGFR-TK mutations; however, >10% of patients with EGFR-TK mutations do not respond. Similarly, some patients without EGFR-TK mutations respond to this drug, suggesting that other factors determine sensitivity to gefitinib. Aberrations of the tumor suppressor gene p53 are frequently associated with drug resistance. In this study, we investigated the role of p53 in growth-inhibitory and apoptotic effects of gefitinib in the human NSCLC cell lines NCI-H1299 and A549, which have no EGFR-TK mutations. NCI-H1299 cells, which had a p53-null genotype, were more resistant to gefitinib compared with A549 cells, which were wild-type p53 (IC(50), 40 micromol/L in NCI-H1299 and 5 micromol/L in A549). Treatment of A549 with gefitinib resulted in the translocation of p53 from cytosol to nucleus and the up-regulation of Fas, which was localized to the plasma membrane. In the stable H1299 cell line with tetracycline-inducible p53 expression, induced p53 enhanced growth inhibition and apoptosis by gefitinib through the up-regulation of Fas and restoration of caspase activation. A caspase inhibitor, Z-VAD-fmk, reduced these effects. Conversely, inhibition of p53 using antisense oligonucleotide in A549 caused a significant decrease in apoptosis by gefitinib and down-regulation of Fas under the same conditions. In conclusion, p53 may play a role in determining gefitinib sensitivity by regulating Fas expression in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Kyung Rho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, 215-4 Gongneung-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-706, Korea
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Scheller C, Knöferle J, Ullrich A, Prottengeier J, Racek T, Sopper S, Jassoy C, Rethwilm A, Koutsilieri E. Caspase inhibition in apoptotic T cells triggers necrotic cell death depending on the cell type and the proapoptotic stimulus. J Cell Biochem 2006; 97:1350-61. [PMID: 16365881 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.20670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
CD95 (Fas/Apo-1) triggers apoptotic cell death via a caspase-dependent pathway. Inhibition of caspase activation blocks proapoptotic signaling and thus, prevents execution of apoptosis. Besides induction of apoptotic cell death, CD95 has been reported to trigger necrotic cell death in susceptible cells. In this study, we investigated the interplay between apoptotic and necrotic cell death signaling in T cells. Using the agonistic CD95 antibody, 7C11, we found that caspase inhibition mediated by the pancaspase inhibitor, zVAD-fmk, prevented CD95-triggered cell death in Jurkat T cells but not in A3.01 T cells, although typical hallmarks of apoptosis, such as DNA fragmentation or caspase activation were blocked. Moreover, the caspase-independent cell death in A3.01 cells exhibited typical signs of necrosis as detected by a rapid loss of cell membrane integrity and could be prevented by treatment with the radical scavenger butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA). Similar to CD95-induced cell death, apoptosis triggered by the DNA topoisomerase inhibitors, camptothecin or etoposide was shifted to necrosis when capsase activation was inhibited. In contrast to this, ZVAD was fully protective when apoptosis was triggered by the serpase inhibitor, Nalpha-tosyl-phenyl-chloromethyl ketone (TPCK). TPCK was not protective when administered to anti-CD95/ZVAD-treated A3.01 cells, indicating that TPCK does not possess anti-necrotic activity but fails to activate the necrotic death pathway. Our findings show (a) that caspase inhibition does not always protect apoptotic T cells from dying but merely activates a caspase-independent mode of cell death that results in necrosis and (b) that the caspase-inhibitor-induced shift from apoptotic to necrotic cell death is dependent on the cell type and the proapoptotic stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Scheller
- Institute of Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Strasse 7, 97078 Würzburg, Germany.
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Kornacker M, Verneris M, Kornacker B, Ganten T, Scheffold C, Negrin R. The apoptotic and proliferative fate of cytokine-induced killer cells after redirection to tumor cells with bispecific Ab. Cytotherapy 2006; 8:13-23. [PMID: 16627341 DOI: 10.1080/14653240500518264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells are ex vivo expanded T cells with co-expression of CD3 and CD56 and NK activity. They have recently been evaluated in a phase I/II clinical trial against malignant lymphoma. Bispecific Ab (bsAb) redirect CIK cells to tumor targets, thus enhancing their cytotoxicity. While bsAb may improve T-cell mediated anti-tumor activity, little is known about the fate of effector cells upon redirection to tumor targets using a bsAb. METHODS Using ex vivo-activated CIK cells, Her2/neu expressing breast and ovarian cell lines and a F(ab')2 Her2/neu x CD3 bsAb, we investigated the anti-tumor activity and the proliferative and apoptotic outcome of CIK cells. RESULTS When redirected to tumor targets with bsAb, there was a significant increase in anti-tumor activity as well as an increase in both CIK cell proliferation and apoptosis. The addition of agonistic Ab against CD28 did not significantly increase proliferation or apoptosis of CIK cells redirected to CD80- and CD86- tumor targets. To attempt to reduce T-cell apoptosis, we incubated CIK cells in the presence of the pan-caspase inhibitor z-VAD-fmk, which led to a partial reduction in T-cell apoptosis without increasing cellular cytotoxicity. DISCUSSION bsAb are effective in redirecting activated T cells to tumor targets and such redirection leads to both T-cell proliferation and apoptosis that are not altered by co-stimulation through CD28. Effector cell apoptosis can be reduced by using a caspase inhibitor but this does not increase CIK cell cytotoxicity.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Bispecific/immunology
- Antibodies, Bispecific/pharmacology
- Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity/immunology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Binding Sites, Antibody
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cytokines/immunology
- Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Female
- Flow Cytometry
- Humans
- Killer Cells, Natural/cytology
- Killer Cells, Natural/drug effects
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasms/immunology
- Neoplasms/pathology
- Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
- Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kornacker
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Kubota T, Yano T, Fujisaki K, Itoh Y, Oishi R. Fenofibrate induces apoptotic injury in cultured human hepatocytes by inhibiting phosphorylation of Akt. Apoptosis 2005; 10:349-58. [PMID: 15843896 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-005-0809-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fibric acid derivatives have a potent and effective lipid-lowering action, however, the use of these compounds is sometimes limited due to the occurrence of hepatic injury. In the present study, we characterized cell injury induced by fenofibrate in cultured human hepatocytes. Fenofibrate caused a loss of cell viability and nuclear damage as assessed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling or by DNA electrophoresis, in which caspase activation is involved. The cell injury was accompanied by the shrinkage and the translocation of phosphatidyl serine from inner membrane to the outer membrane as determined by annexin V stain. The mRNA expression for bcl-2 was reduced by fenofibrate. An immunofluorescent stain with antiserum raised against phosphorylated Akt revealed that fenofibrate inhibited insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of Akt. Like fenofibrate, several compounds that inhibit the phosphorylation of Akt, including wortmannin, SH-6 and a high concentration (100 microM) of SB203580, reduced the viability of cultured human hepatocytes. Both nuclear damage and cell injury induced by fenofibrate were reversed by insulin in a concentration-dependent manner. In contrast, bezafibrate or 8(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid had no hepatotoxic action. These findings suggest that fenofibrate causes caspase-dependent apoptosis in human hepatocytes by inhibiting phosphorylation of Akt, in which PPARalpha is not involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kubota
- Department of Pharmacy, Kyushu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
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Kabelitz D, Wesch D, Pitters E, Zöller M. Characterization of tumor reactivity of human V gamma 9V delta 2 gamma delta T cells in vitro and in SCID mice in vivo. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2005; 173:6767-76. [PMID: 15557170 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.173.11.6767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Human Vgamma9Vdelta2 gammadelta T cells are selectively activated by bacterial phosphoantigens and aminobisphosphonates and exert potent cytotoxicity toward various tumor cells. In this study we have characterized the cytotoxic reactivity of gammadelta T cell lines established from healthy donors by stimulation with aminobisphosphonate alendronate toward melanoma MeWo and pancreatic adenocarcinomas Colo357 and PancTu1 lines in vitro and in vivo upon adoptive transfer into SCID mice. Lysis of all tumor cells was enhanced when gammadelta effector cells were preactivated with phosphoantigens. Recognition of MeWo was TCR dependent, as shown by anti-TCR Ab blockade, whereas only the phosphoantigen-mediated increased, but not the basal, lysis of Colo357 and PancTu1 was inhibited by anti-TCR Ab. Furthermore, lysis of Colo357, but not that of MeWo or PancTu1, was completely inhibited by the pan-caspase inhibitor zVAD, indicating different recognition and effector mechanisms involved in the gammadelta T cell/tumor cell interactions. Upon transfer into SCID mice, alendronate-activated gammadelta T cells given together with IL-2 and alendronate significantly prolonged the survival of SCID mice inoculated with human tumor cells. The best results were thus obtained when gammadelta T cells were repetitively given five times over a period of 30 days. With this protocol, human gammadelta T cells prolonged the mean survival of mice inoculated with MeWo melanoma from 28.5 to 87.3 days (p < 0.0001) and in the case of PancTu1 adenocarcinoma from 23.0 to 48.4 days (p < 0.0001). We conclude that an effective gammadelta T cell-based immunotherapy might require activation of endogenous gammadelta T cells with aminobisphosphonate (or phosphoantigen) and IL-2, followed by adoptive transfer of in vitro expanded gammadelta T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Kabelitz
- Institute of Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Germany.
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36
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Messerli SM, Prabhakar S, Tang Y, Shah K, Cortes ML, Murthy V, Weissleder R, Breakefield XO, Tung CH. A novel method for imaging apoptosis using a caspase-1 near-infrared fluorescent probe. Neoplasia 2004; 6:95-105. [PMID: 15140398 PMCID: PMC1502090 DOI: 10.1593/neo.03214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Here we describe a novel method for imaging apoptosis in cells using a near-infrared fluorescent (NIRF) probe selective for caspase-1 (interleukin 1beta-converting enzyme, ICE). This biocompatible, optically quenched ICE-NIRF probe incorporates a peptide substrate, which can be selectively cleaved by caspase-1, resulting in the release of fluorescence signal. The specificity of this probe for caspase-1 is supported by various lines of evidence: 1) activation by purified caspase-1, but not another caspase in vitro; 2) activation of the probe by infection of cells with a herpes simplex virus amplicon vector (HGC-ICE-lacZ) expressing a catalytically active caspase-1-lacZ fusion protein; 3) inhibition of HGC-ICE-lacZ vector-induced activation of the probe by coincubation with the caspase-1 inhibitor YVAD-cmk, but not with a caspase-3 inhibitor; and 4) activation of the probe following standard methods of inducing apoptosis with staurosporine, ganciclovir, or ionizing radiation in culture. These results indicate that this novel ICE-NIRF probe can be used in monitoring endogenous and vector-expressed caspase-1 activity in cells. Furthermore, tumor implant experiments indicate that this ICE-NIRF probe can be used to detect caspase-1 activity in living animals. This novel ICE-NIRF probe should prove useful in monitoring endogenous and vector-expressed caspase-1 activity, and potentially apoptosis in cell culture and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanta M Messerli
- Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Hillman KA, Woolf AS, Johnson TM, Wade A, Unwin RJ, Winyard PJD. The P2X7 ATP receptor modulates renal cyst development in vitro. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004; 322:434-9. [PMID: 15325248 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.07.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
P2X(7), a purinergic receptor, is expressed in renal collecting ducts as they undergo fulminant cystogenesis in the cpk/cpk mouse model of autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD). Dissociated cpk/cpk kidneys generate cysts from cell aggregates within 24h of suspension culture and we demonstrate that BzATP, a P2X(7) agonist, reduces cystogenesis. This effect is P2X(7)-specific, because: (i) equimolar concentrations of other purinergic agonists, ATP and UTP, had lesser effects and (ii) the P2X(7) inhibitor, oxidized ATP, abrogated the BzATP-mediated reduction in cystogenesis. BzATP did not significantly affect total cell number, proliferation, LDH release or caspase 3 activity, and zVAD-fmk, a caspase blocker, failed to modulate BzATP effects. In addition, this P2X(7) agonist did not significantly alter cyst size, probably excluding altered vectorial transport. In vivo, ATP was detected in cyst fluid from cpk/cpk kidneys; moreover, P2X(7) protein was also upregulated in human fetal ARPKD epithelia versus normal fetal collecting ducts. Thus, ATP may inhibit pathological renal cyst growth through P2X(7) signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate A Hillman
- Nephrology and Physiology, Royal Free Campus, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK.
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Zou A, Atencio I, Huang WM, Horn M, Ramachandra M. Overexpression of adenovirus E3-11.6K protein induces cell killing by both caspase-dependent and caspase-independent mechanisms. Virology 2004; 326:240-9. [PMID: 15302210 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2004.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2004] [Accepted: 06/01/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown enhanced antitumor efficacy with adenoviruses that either lack E1B-19K or overexpress E3-11.6K (also known as adenoviral death protein). E1B-19K is a well-characterized anti-apoptotic protein, and viruses with E1B-19K deletions show increased cytopathicity. However, the mechanism of cell killing by E3-11.6K, which plays an important role in killing infected cells and virion release, is not well characterized. To understand the mechanism of cell killing following E3-11.6K overexpression, we constructed a recombinant adenovirus, Ad-ME, by introducing viral major late promoter upstream of the E3-11.6K sequence. Similar to the E1B-19K-deleted virus, E1B/19K-, Ad-ME induced cell death to a greater extent than the wild-type virus. Cell shrinkage, membrane blebbing, activation of caspases 3 and 9, cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP), DNA degradation, and ratio of ADP to ATP in Ad-ME-infected cells indicated that apoptosis contributes to cell death following E3-11.6K overexpression. However, the levels of activation of caspases 3 and 9 were lower in cells infected with Ad-ME compared to those infected with E1B/19K-. Furthermore, cell killing by Ad-ME was not effectively inhibited by Z-VAD-FMK, a general caspase inhibitor. Taken together, our results suggest both caspase-dependent and caspase-independent mechanisms of cell killing due to overexpression of E3-11.6K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aihua Zou
- Canji, Inc., San Diego, CA 92128, USA
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Yano T, Itoh Y, Sendo T, Kubota T, Oishi R. Cyclic AMP reverses radiocontrast media-induced apoptosis in LLC-PK1 cells by activating A kinase/PI3 kinase. Kidney Int 2004; 64:2052-63. [PMID: 14633127 DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2003.00335.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiographic contrast material is one of agents that are prone to cause nephropathy, although little is known about cellular mechanisms underlying contrast media-induced renal failure. The present study was designed to determine the role of caspase in contrast media-induced renal injury. The modulation by cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) of cell injury was subsequently examined. METHODS LLC-PK1 cells (a proximal renal tubular cell line of porcine origin) were exposed to diverse contrast media for 30 minutes followed by incubation for 24 hours in normal medium. Cell viability was assessed by mitochondrial enzyme activity and propidium iodide stain. Apoptosis was determined by DNA electrophoresis and annexin V stain. Caspase activity was measured fluorometrically. The mRNA for bax and bcl-2 was determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS Iodinated and magnetic resonance contrast media reduced cell viability due to apoptosis. The cell damage induced by a non-ionic contrast medium ioversol was inhibited by specific inhibitors for caspase-3 and -9 but not caspase-8. Ioversol enhanced the activities of caspase-3 and -9, but to a lesser extent, caspase-8. The bax mRNA was enhanced, while bcl-2 mRNA was reduced, after exposure to ioversol. All of these actions of ioversol were reversed by dibutyl cAMP in the manner sensitive to a protein kinase A inhibitor H89 and a phosphatidylinositol 3 (PI3) kinase inhibitor wortmannin. CONCLUSION We demonstrated for the first time that cAMP reversed caspase-dependent apoptotic renal cell damage caused by contrast media. Both protein kinase A and PI3 kinase might be involved in protective effect of cAMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahisa Yano
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan.
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40
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Abstract
Resistance towards apoptosis is a key factor for the survival of a malignant cell. Cancer results if there is too little apoptosis and cells grow faster and live longer than normal cells. In addition, defects in apoptosis signaling contribute to drug resistance of tumor cells. Thus, one of the main goals for oncologic treatment is to overcome resistance of tumor cells towards apoptosis. The exciting challenge in oncology is to translate the growing knowledge of apoptotic pathways into clinical applications. In this review we address the role of apoptosis signaling in tumorigenesis and drug resistance of tumor cells and discuss therapeutic approaches interfering with apoptosis pathways.
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Abstract
Silica exposure has been associated with development of autoantibodies and systemic autoimmune disease, but mechanisms leading to these events are unknown. This study tested the hypothesis that autoantibodies associated with silica exposure may recognize epitopes on apoptotic macrophages. Serum was obtained from New Zealand mixed (NZM) mice, in which instillation of silica significantly increased production of autoantibodies. Sera were selected that were shown, by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF), to be positive or negative for antinuclear antibodies (ANA) following silica or saline exposure, respectively. Apoptosis was induced in MH-S murine macrophages using silica or cycloheximide. The ability of the autoantibodies to preferentially recognize apoptotic cells was tested using IIF and ELISA. Apoptotic cells, but not live cells, were shown to stain with serum from ANA-positive mice, but not from ANA-negative serum. In addition, binding of antibodies from ANA-positive mice was shown to be significantly greater on cellular lysates from apoptotic cells, but not necrotic or live cell lysates using an ELISA based assay. Finally, inhibition of apoptosis with a broad spectrum caspase inhibitor, Boc-D-FMK, blocked the increased binding by the autoantibodies. These results suggest that autoantibodies from mice with silica-exacerbated autoimmune responses recognize specific epitopes on apoptotic macrophages. It is therefore possible that silica-induced apoptosis may exacerbate autoimmune responses by exposing antigenic epitopes to the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean C Pfau
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, SB154, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA.
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Yang YM, Ramadani M, Huang YT. Overexpression of Caspase-1 in adenocarcinoma of pancreas and chronic pancreatitis. World J Gastroenterol 2003; 9:2828-31. [PMID: 14669344 PMCID: PMC4612063 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v9.i12.2828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To identify the expression of Caspase-1(interleukin-1β converting enzyme) and its role in adenoma of the pancreas and chronic pancreatitis.
METHODS: The expression of Caspase-1 was assessed in 42 pancreatic cancer tissue samples, 38 chronic pancreatitis specimens, and 9 normal pancreatic tissues by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis.
RESULTS: Overexpression of Caspase-1 was observed in both disorders, but there were differences in the expression patterns in distinct morphologic compartments. Pancreatic cancer tissues showed a clear cytoplasmatic overexpression of Caspase-1 in tumor cells of 71% of the tumors, whereas normal pancreatic tissues showed only occasional immunoreactivity. In chronic pancreatitis, overexpression of Caspase-1 was found in atrophic acinar cells (89%), hyperplastic ducts (87%), and dedifferentiating acinar cells (84%). Although in atrophic cells a clear nuclear expression was found, hyperplastic ducts and dedifferentiating acinar cells showed clear cytoplasmic expression. Western blot analysis revealed a marked expression of the 45 kDa precursor of Caspase-1 in pancreatic cancer and chronic pancreatitis (80% and 86%, respectively). Clear bands at 30 kDa, which suggested the p10-p20 heterodimer of active Caspase-1, were found in 60% of the cancer tissue and 14% of the pancreatitis tissue specimens, but not in normal pancreatic tissues.
CONCLUSION: Overexpression of Caspase-1 is a frequent event in pancreatic disorders and its differential expression patterns may reflect two functions of the protease. One is its participation in the apoptotic pathway in atrophic acinar cells and tumor-surrounding pancreatitis tissue, the other is its possible role in proliferative processes in pancreatic cancer cells and hyperplastic duct cells and dedifferentiating acinar cells in chronic pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Mo Yang
- Department of Surgery, The First Teaching Hospital, Health Science Center, Beijing University, Beijing 100034, China.
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Dockrell DH, Marriott HM, Prince LR, Ridger VC, Ince PG, Hellewell PG, Whyte MKB. Alveolar Macrophage Apoptosis Contributes to Pneumococcal Clearance in a Resolving Model of Pulmonary Infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2003; 171:5380-8. [PMID: 14607941 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.171.10.5380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The role of alveolar macrophages (AM) in host defense against pulmonary infection has been difficult to establish using in vivo models. This may reflect a reliance on models of fulminant infection. To establish a unique model of resolving infection, with which to address the function of AM, C57BL/6 mice received low-dose intratracheal administration of pneumococci. Administration of low doses of pneumococci produced a resolving model of pulmonary infection characterized by clearance of bacteria without features of pneumonia. AM depletion in this model significantly increased bacterial outgrowth in the lung. Interestingly, a significant increase in the number of apoptotic AM was noted with the low-dose infection as compared with mock infection. Caspase inhibition in this model decreased AM apoptosis and increased the number of bacteremic mice, indicating a novel role for caspase activation in pulmonary innate defense against pneumococci. These results suggest that AM play a key role in clearance of bacteria from the lung during subclinical infection and that induction of AM apoptosis contributes to the microbiologic host defense against pneumococci.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones/administration & dosage
- Animals
- Apoptosis/immunology
- Bacteremia/enzymology
- Bacteremia/immunology
- Bacteremia/microbiology
- Caspase Inhibitors
- Cell Count
- Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors/administration & dosage
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic
- Female
- Immunity, Innate
- Injections, Intraperitoneal
- Intubation, Intratracheal
- Macrophages, Alveolar/enzymology
- Macrophages, Alveolar/immunology
- Macrophages, Alveolar/microbiology
- Macrophages, Alveolar/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/enzymology
- Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/immunology
- Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/microbiology
- Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/pathology
- Streptococcus pneumoniae/growth & development
- Streptococcus pneumoniae/immunology
- Up-Regulation/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Dockrell
- Division of Genomic Medicine, University of Sheffield School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sheffield, United Kingdom.
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Fuentes L, Pérez R, Nieto ML, Balsinde J, Balboa MA. Bromoenol lactone promotes cell death by a mechanism involving phosphatidate phosphohydrolase-1 rather than calcium-independent phospholipase A2. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:44683-90. [PMID: 12952946 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m307209200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Originally described as a serine protease inhibitor, bromoenol lactone (BEL) has recently been found to potently inhibit Group VI calcium-independent phospholipase A2 (iPLA2). Thus, BEL is widely used to define biological roles of iPLA2 in cells. However, BEL is also known to inhibit another key enzyme of phospholipid metabolism, namely the magnesium-dependent phosphatidate phosphohydrolase-1 (PAP-1). In this work we report that BEL is able to promote apoptosis in a variety of cell lines, including U937, THP-1, and MonoMac (human phagocyte), RAW264.7 (murine macrophage), Jurkat (human T lymphocyte), and GH3 (human pituitary). In these cells, long term treatment with BEL (up to 24 h) results in increased annexin-V binding to the cell surface and nuclear DNA damage, as detected by staining with both DAPI and propidium iodide. At earlier times (2 h), BEL induces the proteolysis of procaspase-9 and procaspase-3 and increases cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. These changes are preceded by variations in the mitochondrial membrane potential. All these effects of BEL are not mimicked by the iPLA2 inhibitor methylarachidonyl fluorophosphonate or by treating the cells with a specific iPLA2 antisense oligonucleotide. However, propranolol, a PAP-1 inhibitor, is able to reproduce these effects, suggesting that it is the inhibition of PAP-1 and not of iPLA2 that is involved in BEL-induced cell death. In support of this view, BEL-induced apoptosis is accompanied by a very strong inhibition of PAP-1-regulated events, such as incorporation of [3H]choline into phospholipids and de novo incorporation of [3H]arachidonic acid into triacylglycerol. Collectively, these results stress the role of PAP-1 as a key enzyme for cell integrity and survival and in turn caution against the use of BEL in studies involving long incubation times, due to the capacity of this drug to induce apoptosis in a variety of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Fuentes
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Valladolid School of Medicine, E-47005 Valladolid, Spain
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Xian Ma Y, Fan S, Xiong J, Yuan RQ, Meng Q, Gao M, Goldberg ID, Fuqua SA, Pestell RG, Rosen EM. Role of BRCA1 in heat shock response. Oncogene 2003; 22:10-27. [PMID: 12527903 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1206061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2002] [Revised: 09/18/2002] [Accepted: 09/24/2002] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The heat shock response is an evolutionarily conserved response to heat and other stresses that promotes the maintenance of key metabolic functions and cell survival. We report that exposure of human prostate (DU-145) and breast (MCF-7) cancer cells to heat (42 degrees C) caused a rapid disappearance of the breast cancer susceptibility gene-1 (BRCA1) protein, starting at approximately 1 h after the onset of heating and slightly lagging behind the increase in heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) levels. The heat-induced loss of BRCA1 occurred at the protein level, since: (1) BRCA1 mRNA expression was unaffected; and (2) the BRCA1 protein loss was also observed in DU-145 cells that expressed exogenous wild-type BRCA1 (wtBRCA1). In addition to heat regulation of BRCA1 protein levels, we also found that BRCA1 could modulate the heat shock response. Thus, wtBRCA1 overexpressing DU-145 cell clones showed significantly decreased sensitivity to heat-induced cytotoxicity; and Brca1 mutant mouse embryo fibroblasts showed increased sensitivity to heat. The DU-145 wtBRCA1 clones also showed increased expression of the small heat shock protein HSP27; and reporter assays revealed that wtBRCA1 stimulated a two to four-fold increase in HSP27 promoter activity, consistent with its ability to upregulate HSP27 mRNA and protein levels. In studies using epitope-tagged truncated BRCA1 proteins, the ability to stimulate the HSP27 promoter and to mediate heat-induced degradation required the amino-terminus but not the carboxyl-terminus of BRCA1. Although the heat-induced loss of BRCA1 appeared to be due to protein degradation, various protein metabolic agents (or combinations) failed to block this event, including: MG132 (a 26S proteasomal inhibitor), N-acetyl-leucyl-leucyl-norleucinal (a calpain inhibitor), z-VAD-fmk (a pan-caspase inhibitor), and ammonium chloride and chloroquine (which stabilize lysosomes). These findings suggest that in addition to its other functions, BRCA1 may participate in mammalian heat shock response pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Xian Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park, NY 11040, USA
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Wu J, Suzuki H, Akhand AA, Zhou YW, Hossain K, Nakashima I. Modes of activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and their roles in cepharanthine-induced apoptosis in human leukemia cells. Cell Signal 2002; 14:509-15. [PMID: 11897491 DOI: 10.1016/s0898-6568(01)00278-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We previously showed that cepharanthine (CEP), a biscoclaurine alkaloid, induces caspase-dependent and Fas-independent apoptosis in Jurkat and K562 human leukemia cells. In the present study, we investigated the effect of CEP on three groups of human mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in relation to CEP-induced apoptosis. CEP, at the concentration required for and at the time of induction of apoptosis, activated MAPKs p38 in both Jurkat and K562 cells and activated extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) only in K562 cells. However, CEP treatment did not trigger c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinases (JNKs) activation. CEP increased the expression and phosphorylation levels of c-Jun and ATF-2 transcription factors. zVAD-fmk, a general caspase inhibitor, did not inhibit CEP-triggered p38 activation in Jurkat and K562 cells or ERK activation in K562 cells. Unexpectedly, pretreatment with a specific p38 inhibitor, SB203580, promoted CEP-induced apoptosis and caspase activation in Jurkat and K562 cells, whereas pretreatment with an MEK-1 inhibitor PD98059 inhibited CEP-induced apoptosis and caspase activation in K562 cells. A selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor, herbimycin A, which completely inhibited CEP-triggered ERKs activation, clearly promoted CEP-induced c-Jun expression and phosphorylation. Our results suggest that each of the three groups of MAP family members is uniquely involved in the CEP-mediated signal cascades in two different leukemia cell lines for inducing/regulating caspase activation and DNA fragmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghong Wu
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
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Komoto S, Kinomoto M, Horikoshi H, Shiraga M, Kurosu T, Mukai T, Auwanit W, Otake T, Oishi I, Ikuta K. Ability to induce p53 and caspase-mediated apoptosis in primary CD4+ T cells is variable among primary isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2002; 18:435-46. [PMID: 11958687 DOI: 10.1089/088922202753614209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is associated with dramatic depletion of CD4(+) T cells, the major HIV-1-induced pathogenesis. Apoptosis has been suggested to play an important role for the T cell depletion and a number of mechanisms have been proposed for the apoptosis in T cells. Here, we compared the levels for apoptosis induction in primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) among several laboratory strains and primary isolates of the HIV-1 subtypes B and E. The results showed that apoptosis in infected PBMCs, preferentially in CD4+ T cell population, became detectable around the time for virus production by flow cytometric terminal transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) technique and staining with the nuclear dye Hoechst 33342. The abilities to induce apoptosis in PBMCs were highly variable in individual isolates. The increase of p53 protein in infected PBMCs, which was initiated before virus production, was observed in infected PBMCs and the levels of p53 protein were almost proportional to the rates of the isolates to induced apoptosis. The cells infected and cultured in the presence of Z-VAD-FMK had significantly decreased cell mortalities, indicating that activated caspases also played a significant role in the apoptosis. Thus, HIV-1-induced apoptosis in primary T cells was accompanied by the p53 protein and caspase activation at varied levels in primary isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Komoto
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Engedal N, Korkmaz CG, Saatcioglu F. C-Jun N-terminal kinase is required for phorbol ester- and thapsigargin-induced apoptosis in the androgen responsive prostate cancer cell line LNCaP. Oncogene 2002; 21:1017-27. [PMID: 11850819 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1205167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2001] [Revised: 11/02/2001] [Accepted: 11/07/2001] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In early, androgen dependent stages of prostate cancer, androgen withdrawal, the major course of therapy in prostate cancer, leads to a rapid regression of the tumor as a result of apoptosis. However, prostate cancer invariably progresses to an androgen independent and apoptosis resistant stage for which no curative treatment is available. The molecular details of regression upon androgen withdrawal and progression to a resistant state are largely unknown. Here we show that c-Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK) is activated strongly and in a sustained fashion by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) and thapsigargin (TG), two agents which were previously shown to lead to apoptosis in the androgen responsive prostate cancer cell line LNCaP. The time course of JNK induction by both compounds correlated very well with the onset and progression of apoptosis in LNCaP cells. Inhibition of either ERK or p38 pathways did not affect TPA-induced cell death. In the androgen-independent prostate cancer cell lines DU-145 and PC-3, and in the cervical carcinoma cell line HeLaS3, TPA did not lead to apoptosis and there were no significant changes in JNK activity upon TPA treatment. The failure of TPA to induce JNK activity in PC-3, DU-145, and HelaS3 cells was not due to a general defect in JNK signaling since ultraviolet (UV) irradiation dramatically increased JNK activity in all four cell lines. Specific inhibition of JNK by expression of the JNK Inhibitory Protein (JIP) dramatically inhibited both TPA- and TG-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, apoptosis induced by both agents was completely blocked by ectopic expression of the baculovirus caspase-inhibitor P35. Surprisingly, ZVAD-fmk, a cell-permeable fluoromethylketone inhibitor of caspases, had no effect on TPA-induced apoptosis, whereas it completely inhibited TG-induced cell death; JNK activity was not affected in either case. This indicates that ZVAD-fmk does not inhibit some of the caspases involved in TPA-induced apoptosis, and that despite the common requirement of JNK activation, TPA- and TG-induced cell death are mechanistically different. Furthermore, it also suggests that JNK is either upstream or independent of caspases in LNCaP cells. Collectively, these results indicate that apoptosis in LNCaP cells requires a sustained increase in JNK activity and caspase activation; components of these signaling pathways may be defective in the androgen independent prostate cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai Engedal
- Biotechnology Centre of Oslo, University of Oslo, Gaustadalleen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway
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McCurrach ME, Lowe SW. Methods for studying pro- and antiapoptotic genes in nonimmortal cells. Methods Cell Biol 2002; 66:197-227. [PMID: 11396004 DOI: 10.1016/s0091-679x(01)66010-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M E McCurrach
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA
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50
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Gao M, Fan S, Goldberg ID, Laterra J, Kitsis RN, Rosen EM. Hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor blocks the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis signaling in breast cancer cells. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:47257-65. [PMID: 11571297 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m106791200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytokine hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF) has been found to protect a variety of epithelial and cancer cell types against cytotoxicity and apoptosis induced by DNA damage, but the specific apoptotic signaling events and the levels at which they are blocked by HGF/SF have not been identified. We found that treatment of MDA-MB-453 human breast cancer cells with adriamycin (also known as doxorubicin, a DNA topoisomerase IIalpha inhibitor) induced a series of time-dependent events, including the mitochondrial release of cytochrome c and apoptosis-inducing factor, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, activation of a set of caspases (caspase-9, -3, -7, -2, and -8), cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), and up-regulation of expression of the Fas ligand. All of these events were blocked by preincubation of the cells with HGF/SF. In contrast, the pan-caspase inhibitor benzyloxycarbonyl-VAD-fluoromethylketone blocked some of these events (e.g. caspase-3 activation and PARP cleavage) but did not block cytochrome c release or mitochondrial depolarization. These findings suggest that HGF/SF functions, in part, upstream of the mitochondria to block mitochondrial apoptosis signaling, prevent activation of multiple caspases, and protect breast cancer cells against apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, Long Island Campus for the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New Hyde Park, NY 11040, USA
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