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Valenzuela R, Walbaum B, Farias C, Acevedo F, Vargas C, Bennett JT, Bravo ML, Pinto MP, Medina L, Merino T, Ibañez C, Parada A, Sanchez C. High linoleic acid levels in red blood cells predict a poor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2-positive breast cancer patients. Nutrition 2024; 121:112357. [PMID: 38430738 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2024.112357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Polyunsaturated fatty acids are categorized as ω-3 or ⍵-6. Previous studies demonstrate that breast cancers display a high expression of fatty acid synthase and high fatty acid levels. Our study sought to determine if changes in plasma or red blood cell membrane fatty acid levels were associated with the response to preoperative (neoadjuvant) chemotherapy in non-metastatic breast cancer patients. METHODS Our prospective study assessed fatty acid levels in plasma and red blood cell membrane. Response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy was evaluated by the presence or absence of pathologic complete response and/or residual cancer burden. RESULTS A total of 28 patients were included. First, patients who achieved pathologic complete response had significantly higher neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio versus no pathologic complete response (P = 0.003). Second, total red blood cell membrane polyunsaturated fatty acids were higher in the absence of pathologic complete response (P = 0.0028). Third, total red blood cell membrane ⍵-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids were also higher in no pathologic complete response (P < 0.01). Among ⍵-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, red blood cell membrane linoleic acid was higher in the absence of pathologic complete response (P < 0.01). Notably, plasma polyunsaturated fatty acid, ⍵-6, and linoleic acid levels did not have significant differences. A multivariate analysis confirmed red blood cell membrane linoleic acid was associated with no pathologic complete response; this was further confirmed by receiver operating characteristic analysis (specificity = 92.3%, sensitivity = 76.9%, and area under the curve = 0.855). CONCLUSIONS Pending further validation, red blood cell membrane linoleic acid might serve as a predictor biomarker of poorer response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in non-metastatic human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2-positive breast cancer. Measuring fatty acids in red blood cell membrane could offer a convenient, minimally invasive strategy to identifying patients more likely to respond or those with chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Valenzuela
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Benjamín Walbaum
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Camila Farias
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Acevedo
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Catalina Vargas
- Department of Surgical Oncology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - José Tomas Bennett
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - M Loreto Bravo
- Support Team for Oncological Research and Medicine (STORM), Santiago, Chile
| | - Mauricio P Pinto
- Support Team for Oncological Research and Medicine (STORM), Santiago, Chile
| | - Lidia Medina
- Centro del Cáncer Nuestra Señora de la Esperanza, UC CHRISTUS Healthcare Network, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Tomas Merino
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Ibañez
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandra Parada
- Department of Health Sciences. School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cesar Sanchez
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Wang G, Buckley JP, Bartell TR, Hong X, Pearson C, Wang X. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Postpartum Lipidomic Signatures, and Subsequent Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Lipidome-Wide Association Study. Diabetes Care 2023; 46:1223-1230. [PMID: 37043831 PMCID: PMC10234741 DOI: 10.2337/dc22-1841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify a postpartum lipidomic signature associated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and investigate the role of the identified lipids in the progression to type 2 diabetes (T2D). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This prospective cohort study enrolled 1,409 women at 24-72 h after delivery of a singleton baby and followed them prospectively at the Boston Medical Center. The lipidome was profiled by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Diagnoses of GDM and incident T2D were extracted from medical records and verified using plasma glucose levels. RESULTS Mean (SD) age of study women at baseline was 28.5 (6.6) years. A total of 219 (16.4%) women developed incident diabetes over a median follow-up of 11.8 (interquartile range 8.2-14.8) years. We identified 33 postpartum lipid species associated with GDM, including 16 inverse associations (primarily cholesterol esters and phosphatidylcholine plasmalogens), and 17 positive associations (primarily diacyglycerols and triacyglycerols). Of these, four were associated with risk of incident T2D and mediated ∼12% of the progression from GDM to T2D. The identified lipid species modestly improved the predictive performance for incident T2D above classical risk factors when the entire follow-up period was considered. CONCLUSIONS GDM was associated with a wide range of lipid metabolic alterations at early postpartum, among which some lipid species were also associated with incident T2D and mediated the progression from GDM to T2D. The improvements attained by including lipid species in the prediction of T2D provides new insights regarding the early detection and prevention of progression to T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoying Wang
- Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jessie P. Buckley
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Tami R. Bartell
- Patrick M. Magoon Institute for Healthy Communities, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Xiumei Hong
- Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Colleen Pearson
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Xiaobin Wang
- Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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3
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Long L, Chen H, He Y, Mu L, Luan Y. Lingering Dynamics of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Red Blood Cells in Retinal Arteriolar Bifurcations. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13040205. [PMID: 36412846 PMCID: PMC9680457 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13040205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been proven that the deformability of red blood cells (RBC) is reduced owing to changes in mechanical properties, such as diabetes mellitus and hypertension. To probe the effects of RBC morphological and physical parameters on the flow field in bifurcated arterioles, three types of RBC models with various degrees of biconcave shapes were built based on the in vitro experimental data. The dynamic behaviors of the RBCs in shear flow were simulated to validate the feasibility of the finite element-Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian method with a moving mesh. The influences of the shear rate and viscosity ratios on RBC motions were investigated. The motion of RBCs in arteriolar bifurcations was further simulated. Abnormal variations in the morphological and physical parameters of RBCs may lead to diminished tank-tread motion and enhanced tumbling motion in shear flow. Moreover, abnormal RBC variations can result in slower RBC motion at the bifurcation with a longer transmit time and greater flow resistance, which may further cause inadequate local oxygen supply. These findings would provide useful insights into the microvascular complications in diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Long
- Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Huimin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Ying He
- Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116000, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Lizhong Mu
- Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Yong Luan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
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4
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Ma MY, Li KL, Zheng H, Dou YL, Han LY, Wang L. Omega-3 index and type 2 diabetes: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2021; 174:102361. [PMID: 34740031 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2021.102361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The relationship between omega-3 index and type 2 diabetes (T2D) is not well established. It is unclear if the change of omega-3 index will affect T2D. Aiming of the present systematic review was to elucidate the correlation between omega-3 index and T2D. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN A comprehensive search on PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science (from 1948 to May 2021) was conducted. The overall effect size (standard mean difference) was combined using a random-effect model. RESULTS Eight eligible case-control studies were identified, and there were 1,357 patients with T2D and 1,616 non-diabetic controls. The result showed that the omega-3 index was significantly lower in diabetic cases than that in controls (SMD= -1.31; 95% confidence interval (CI): -1.40, -1.22), but with significant heterogeneity (I2 = 99.0%). In subgroup analysis based on race, a negative correlation was found in Asians (SMD = -1.71; 95% CI: -1.82, -1.60), and heterogeneity was substantially decreased (I2=0). CONCLUSIONS omega-3 index is negatively correlated with T2D, which indicated that increased dietary intake of omega-3 fatty acids might have beneficial on T2D prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Yuan Ma
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ke-Lei Li
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hui Zheng
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ya-Li Dou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Li-Yao Han
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
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5
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Song Y, Jensen MD. Red blood cell triglycerides - a unique pool that incorporates plasma free fatty acids and relates to metabolic health. J Lipid Res 2021; 62:100131. [PMID: 34619142 PMCID: PMC8566996 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2021.100131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Most research into red blood cell (RBC) lipids focuses on membrane phospholipids and their relationships to metabolic conditions and diet. Triglycerides (TGs) exist in most cells; the TG-fatty acids serve as readily available fuel for oxidative phosphorylation. Because RBCs lack mitochondria, they would not be expected to store fatty acids in TG. We followed up on a previous in vitro study that found FFA can be incorporated into RBC-TG by testing whether intravenously infused [U-13C]palmitate could be detected in RBC-TG. We also quantified RBC-TG fatty acid concentrations and profiles as they relate to plasma FFA and lipid concentrations. We found that 1) RBC-TG concentrations measured by glycerol and LC/MS were correlated (r = 0.77; P < 0.001) and averaged <50 nmol/ml RBC; 2) RBC-TG concentrations were stable over 18 h; 3) [U-13C]palmitate was detectable in RBC-TG from half the participants; 4) RBC-TGs were enriched in saturated fatty acids and depleted in unsaturated fatty acid compared with plasma FFA and previously reported RBC membrane phospholipids; 5) RBC-TG fatty acid profiles differed significantly between obese and nonobese adults; 6) weight loss altered the RBC-TG fatty acid profile in the obese group; and 7) the RBC-TG fatty acid composition correlated with plasma lipid concentrations. This is the first report showing that plasma FFA contributes to RBC-TG in vivo, in humans, and that the RBC-TG fatty acid profile is related to metabolic health. The storage of saturated fatty acids in RBC-TG stands in stark contrast to the highly unsaturated profile reported in RBC membrane phospholipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Song
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, US
| | - Michael D Jensen
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, US.
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Chu YH, Tai YH, Yeh CC, Tsou MY, Lee HS, Ho ST, Li MH, Lin TC, Lu CC. Glucose reduces the osmopressor response in connection with the tyrosine phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase in red blood cells. CHINESE J PHYSIOL 2020; 63:128-136. [PMID: 32594066 DOI: 10.4103/cjp.cjp_32_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose ingestion attenuates the water ingestion-induced increase in the total peripheral vascular resistance and orthostatic tolerance. We investigated the gastrointestinal physiology of glucose by examining the effect of glucose ingestion on the functional expression of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) in red blood cell (RBC) membrane. This study was performed in 24 young, healthy subjects. Blood samples were collected at 5 min before and 25 min and 50 min after an ingestion of 10% glucose water 500 mL, water 500 mL, or normal saline 500 mL. We determined glucose and osmolality in plasma, and phosphorylation of aquaporin 1 (AQP1), glucose transporter 1 (Glut1), and FAK in RBC membrane. Our results showed that glucose ingestion reduced the rise of peripheral vascular resistance after water ingestion and upregulated the serine phosphorylation of Glut1. It also lowered both the serine phosphorylation of FAK and tyrosine phosphorylation of AQP1, compared with the ingestion of either water or saline. In an ex vivo experiment, glucose activated the Glut1 receptor and subsequently reduced the expression of FAK compared with 0.8% saline alone. We concluded that glucose activates Glut1 and subsequently lowers the functional expression of FAK, a cytoskeleton protein of RBCs. The functional change in the RBC membrane proteins in connection with the attenuation of osmopressor response may elucidate the pathophysiology of glucose in postprandial hypotension.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Hsiang Chu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital; Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Hsuan Tai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital; School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei; Department of Anesthesiology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City; Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chang Yeh
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Yung Tsou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital; School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Herng-Sheng Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shung-Tai Ho
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei; Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Min-Hui Li
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung; Institute of Aerospace Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tso-Chou Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Cherng Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital; Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center; Department of Anesthesiology, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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7
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Tan JKS, Wei X, Wong PA, Fang J, Kim S, Agrawal R. Altered red blood cell deformability-A novel hypothesis for retinal microangiopathy in diabetic retinopathy. Microcirculation 2020; 27:e12649. [PMID: 32663357 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Impaired red blood cell (RBC) deformability impedes tissue perfusion. This study aims to investigate RBC biomechanics in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients with different grades of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and to correlate RBC deformability with hematological and serum biochemical markers. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 86 type 2 DM patients (31 with no DR, 31 with non-proliferative DR [NPDR] and 24 with proliferative DR [PDR]) and 32 control subjects. RBC deformability was measured by a microfluidic cross-slot channel (elongation index, EI). Venous blood samples were taken for assessment of hematological and serum biochemical markers. RESULTS RBC deformability showed significant reduction in diabetic patients, being lowest in the PDR group, followed by NPDR and DM with no DR groups, and highest in control group (P = .018). RBC deformability was not affected by age or gender but showed significant associations with certain hematological and serum biochemical markers. In the regression analysis controlling for DM status, urea concentration and reticulocyte count were shown to be negatively associated with EI. CONCLUSION Impaired RBC deformability measured by a microfluidic cross-slot channel in DM patients with different grades of DR underscores the contribution of RBC rheological properties to the pathogenesis and progression of DM related microangiopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Kok Soon Tan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute for Health Innovation & Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xin Wei
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Healthcare Group Eye Institute, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peter Agustinus Wong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute for Health Innovation & Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jie Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Sangho Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute for Health Innovation & Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rupesh Agrawal
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Healthcare Group Eye Institute, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, UK.,Moorfields Eye Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
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8
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Agrawal R, Smart T, Nobre-Cardoso J, Richards C, Bhatnagar R, Tufail A, Shima D, H Jones P, Pavesio C. Assessment of red blood cell deformability in type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic retinopathy by dual optical tweezers stretching technique. Sci Rep 2016; 6:15873. [PMID: 26976672 PMCID: PMC4792142 DOI: 10.1038/srep15873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A pilot cross sectional study was conducted to investigate the role of red blood cells (RBC) deformability in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) without and with diabetic retinopathy (DR) using a dual optical tweezers stretching technique. A dual optical tweezers was made by splitting and recombining a single Nd:YAG laser beam. RBCs were trapped directly (i.e., without microbead handles) in the dual optical tweezers where they were observed to adopt a "side-on" orientation. RBC initial and final lengths after stretching were measured by digital video microscopy, and a Deformability index (DI) calculated. Blood from 8 healthy controls, 5 T2DM and 7 DR patients with respective mean age of 52.4 yrs, 51.6 yrs and 52 yrs was analysed. Initial average length of RBCs for control group was 8.45 ± 0.25 μm, 8.68 ± 0.49 μm for DM RBCs and 8.82 ± 0.32 μm for DR RBCs (p < 0.001). The DI for control group was 0.0698 ± 0.0224, and that for DM RBCs was 0.0645 ± 0.03 and 0.0635 ± 0.028 (p < 0.001) for DR group. DI was inversely related to basal length of RBCs (p = .02). DI of RBC from DM and DR patients was significantly lower in comparison with normal healthy controls. A dual optical tweezers method can hence be reliably used to assess RBC deformability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupesh Agrawal
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, UK.,Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK.,National Healthcare Group Eye Institute, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - Thomas Smart
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Rhythm Bhatnagar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Adnan Tufail
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - David Shima
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Phil H Jones
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, UK
| | - Carlos Pavesio
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
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9
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Imamura S, Morioka T, Yamazaki Y, Numaguchi R, Urata H, Motoyama K, Mori K, Fukumoto S, Shoji T, Emoto M, Inaba M. Response to comment on Imamura et al. Plasma polyunsaturated fatty acid profile and delta-5 desaturase activity are altered in patients with type 2 diabetes. Metabolism 2014;63(11):1432-8. Metabolism 2015; 64:e3-4. [PMID: 25579864 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Imamura
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Morioka
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan.
| | - Yuko Yamazaki
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Numaguchi
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Hiromi Urata
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Koka Motoyama
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Katsuhito Mori
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Shinya Fukumoto
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Shoji
- Department of Geriatrics and Vascular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Masanori Emoto
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Masaaki Inaba
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
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10
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Imamura S, Morioka T, Yamazaki Y, Numaguchi R, Urata H, Motoyama K, Mori K, Fukumoto S, Shoji T, Emoto M, Inaba M. Plasma polyunsaturated fatty acid profile and delta-5 desaturase activity are altered in patients with type 2 diabetes. Metabolism 2014; 63:1432-8. [PMID: 25173718 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The association between imbalance of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), especially low plasma n-3 to n-6 PUFA ratio, and risk of cardiovascular diseases is well known. A balance of plasma PUFAs is determined not only by dietary fatty acid intake, but also by the endogenous fatty acid metabolism, which could be dysregulated by diabetes. In this study, we investigated the plasma n-3 and n-6 PUFA profile and fatty acid desaturase activity in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). MATERIALS/METHODS The subjects were 396 patients with T2D and 122 healthy controls. Plasma eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), arachidonic acid (AA), and dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA) levels were measured by capillary gas chromatography. RESULTS Plasma DHA, AA, and DGLA levels were significantly higher, and EPA levels tended to be lower in patients with T2D than in the controls. Patients with T2D also exhibited significantly lower EPA/AA, DHA/AA, and (EPA+DHA)/AA ratios, and a higher AA/DGLA ratio than the controls. Multiple regression analyses, including age, sex, body mass index, and metabolic parameters in the total population, revealed that the presence of T2D was independently associated with elevated plasma DHA, AA, and DGLA levels and decreased EPA/AA, DHA/AA, and (EPA+DHA)/AA ratios. Furthermore, T2D was independently and positively related to the AA/DGLA ratio, which serves as an estimate of delta (Δ)-5 desaturase activity. CONCLUSIONS Elevated plasma AA levels and decreased n-3 PUFA/AA ratios in T2D are attributable, at least partly, to Δ5 desaturase activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Imamura
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Morioka
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan.
| | - Yuko Yamazaki
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Numaguchi
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Hiromi Urata
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Koka Motoyama
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Katsuhito Mori
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Shinya Fukumoto
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Shoji
- Department of Geriatrics and Vascular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Masanori Emoto
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Masaaki Inaba
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
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Mahendran Y, Ågren J, Uusitupa M, Cederberg H, Vangipurapu J, Stančáková A, Schwab U, Kuusisto J, Laakso M. Association of erythrocyte membrane fatty acids with changes in glycemia and risk of type 2 diabetes. Am J Clin Nutr 2014; 99:79-85. [PMID: 24153340 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.113.069740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The significance of erythrocyte membrane fatty acids (EMFAs) and their ratios to predict hyperglycemia and incident type 2 diabetes is unclear. OBJECTIVE We investigated EMFAs as predictors of the worsening of hyperglycemia and incident type 2 diabetes in a 5-y follow-up of a population-based study. DESIGN We measured EMFAs in 1346 Finnish men aged 45-73 y at baseline [mean ± SD age: 55 ± 6 y; body mass index (in kg/m(2)): 26.5 ± 3.5]. Our prospective follow-up study included only men who were nondiabetic at baseline and who had data available at the 5-y follow-up visit (n = 735). RESULTS Our study showed that, after adjustment for confounding factors, palmitoleic acid (16:1n-7; P = 2.8 × 10(-7)), dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (20:3n-6; P = 2.3 × 10(-4)), the ratio of 16:1n-7 to 16:0 (P = 1.6 × 10(-8)) as a marker of stearoyl coenzyme A desaturase 1 activity, and the ratio of 20:3n-6 to 18:2n-6 (P = 9.4 × 10(-7)) as a marker of Δ(6)-desaturase activity significantly predicted the worsening of hyperglycemia (glucose area under the curve in an oral-glucose-tolerance test). In contrast, linoleic acid (18:2n-6; P = 0.0015) and the ratio of 18:1n-7 to 16:1n-7 (P = 1.5 × 10(-9)) as a marker of elongase activity had opposite associations. Statistical significance persisted even after adjustment for baseline insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion, and glycemia. Palmitoleic acid (P = 0.010) and the ratio of 16:1n-7 to 16:0 (P = 0.004) nominally predicted incident type 2 diabetes, whereas linoleic acid had an opposite association (P = 0.004), and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids did not show any associations. CONCLUSION EMFAs and their ratios are associated longitudinally with changes in glycemia and the risk type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuvaraj Mahendran
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Internal Medicine (YM, HC, JV, AS, JK, and ML), the Institute of Biomedicine Physiology (JÅ), and the Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition (MU and US), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland, and the Research Unit (MU) and the Department of Medicine (HC, JK, and ML), Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
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12
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Sundaram R, Shanthi P, Sachdanandam P. Effect of iridoid glucoside on plasma lipid profile, tissue fatty acid changes, inflammatory cytokines, and GLUT4 expression in skeletal muscle of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Mol Cell Biochem 2013; 380:43-55. [PMID: 23625195 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-013-1656-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 04/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to examine the antihyperlipidaemic potential of iridoid glucoside isolated from Vitex negundo leaves in STZ-induced diabetic rats. The levels of cholesterol (TC), triglycerides, lipoproteins, free fatty acids, phospholipids, fatty acid composition, proinflammatory cytokines, muscle glycogen content, and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) expression were estimated in control and diabetic rats. Oral administration of iridoid glucoside at a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight per day to STZ-induced diabetic rats for a period of 30 days resulted in a significant reduction in plasma and tissue (liver and kidney) cholesterol, triglycerides, free fatty acids, and phospholipids. In addition, the decreased plasma levels of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and increased plasma levels of low density lipoprotein- and very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol in diabetic rats were restored to near normal levels following treatment with iridoid glucoside. The fatty acid composition of the liver and kidney was analyzed by gas chromatography. The altered fatty acid composition in the liver and kidney of diabetic rats was also restored upon treatment with iridoid glucoside. Moreover, the elevated plasma levels of proinflammatory cytokines and decreased levels of muscle glycogen and GLUT4 expression in the skeletal muscle of diabetic rats were reinstated to their normal levels via enhanced secretion of insulin from the remnant β cells of pancreas by the administration of iridoid glucoside. The effect produced by iridoid glucoside on various parameters was comparable with that of glibenclamide, a well-known antihyperglycemic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramalingam Sundaram
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Dr. ALM P-G, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai 600113, Tamil Nadu, India
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13
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Naresh Kumar R, Sundaram R, Shanthi P, Sachdanandam P. Protective role of 20-OH ecdysone on lipid profile and tissue fatty acid changes in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 698:489-98. [PMID: 23110815 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Revised: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 10/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is an associated complication of diabetes mellitus. The association of hyperglycemia with an alteration of lipid parameters presents a major risk for cardiovascular complications in diabetes. The present study was designed to examine the antihyperlipidemic effect of 20-OH ecdysone on lipid profile and tissue fatty acid changes in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. The levels of blood glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, free fatty acids, phospholipids, low density lipoprotein, very low density lipoprotein, high density lipoprotein, lipoprotein lipase, lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase, 3-hydroxy 3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase and fatty acid composition were estimated in plasma, liver and kidneys of control and experimental groups of rats. Oral administration of 20-OH ecdysone at a dose of 5mg/kg bodyweight per day to STZ-induced diabetic rats for a period of 30 days resulted in a significant reduction in fasting blood glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, free fatty acids, phospholipids, low density lipoprotein, very low density lipoprotein, 3-hydroxy 3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase and elevation of high density lipoprotein, lipoprotein lipase and lecithin cholesterol acyl transferasein comparison with diabetic untreated rats. Moreover, administration of 20-OH ecdysone to diabetic rats also decreased the concentrations of fatty acids, viz., palmitic, stearic (16:1) and oleic acid (18:1), whereas linolenic (18:3) and arachidonic acid (20:4) were elevated. The antihyperlipidemic effect of 20-OH ecdysone was compared with glibenclamide a well-known antihyperglycemic drug. The result of the present study indicates that 20-OH ecdysone showed an antihyperlipidemic effect in addition to its antidiabetic effect in experimental diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendran Naresh Kumar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, DRALM P-GIBMS, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai 600113, India
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14
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Saravanan G, Ponmurugan P. Ameliorative potential of S-allylcysteine: Effect on lipid profile and changes in tissue fatty acid composition in experimental diabetes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 64:639-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2010.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2010] [Revised: 10/27/2010] [Accepted: 12/09/2010] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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15
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Van Woudenbergh GJ, Kuijsten A, Van der Kallen CJ, Van Greevenbroek MM, Stehouwer CD, Blaak EE, Feskens EJM. Comparison of fatty acid proportions in serum cholesteryl esters among people with different glucose tolerance status: the CoDAM study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2012; 22:133-140. [PMID: 20888206 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2010.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2009] [Revised: 04/27/2010] [Accepted: 05/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Altered fatty acid patterns in blood may be associated with insulin resistance and related disorders. We investigated whether serum proportions of cholesteryl fatty acids and desaturase activity are associated with glucose tolerance status and insulin resistance. METHODS AND RESULTS Data were obtained from a cross-sectional study among 471 Dutch participants aged ≥40 years. Individual fatty acids in serum cholesteryl esters were determined and endogenous conversions by desaturases were estimated from product-to-precursor ratios. Proportions of fatty acids were compared among participants with normal glucose tolerance, impaired glucose metabolism and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. Partial Spearman correlation coefficients between fatty acids and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were calculated. Adjustments were made for lifestyle and nutritional factors. The proportions of total saturated, mono-unsaturated, trans- and poly-unsaturated fatty acids did not differ significantly between groups, but several individual fatty acids did; the proportions of C18:0 and C20:3n6 were higher, whereas those of C18:1n7 and C20:4n6 were lower in participants with type 2 diabetes compared with those with normal glucose tolerance. Activity of Δ5-desaturase, that is, ratio of C20:4n6 to C20:3n6, was lower (p < 0.01) in participants with type 2 diabetes (7.4) than with normal glucose tolerance (8.4). HOMA-IR was correlated positively with Δ9-desaturase activity (r = 0.11, p < 0.01) and inversely with Δ5-desaturase activity (r = -0.21, p < 0.01). CONCLUSION The observed lower Δ5-desaturase activity in participants with type 2 diabetes and its inverse association with HOMA-IR suggest that changes in fatty-acid metabolism may play a role in the aetiology of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- G J Van Woudenbergh
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Carobbio S, Rodriguez-Cuenca S, Vidal-Puig A. Origins of metabolic complications in obesity: ectopic fat accumulation. The importance of the qualitative aspect of lipotoxicity. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2011; 14:520-6. [PMID: 21849895 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0b013e32834ad966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This study highlights two aspects of the concept of lipotoxicity. First, the metabolic consequences following ectopic fat accumulation are not only determined by the amount of lipid accumulated, but also the quality of lipid species. Second, the existence of allostatic mechanisms operating at cellular and tissue levels, which counterbalance the negative effects of lipid overload. RECENT FINDINGS The development of lipidomics has allowed the isolation and identification of a wide range of lipid species. Some are highly reactive and capable of inducing undesirable toxic effects. Here we focus on recent information related to pathways involved in the production of these reactive lipid species, their sites of generation and tropism for specific organelles and the molecular mechanisms through which they exert toxic effects. We describe how cell membranes and the lipid species forming their bilayer constitute the main platform from which reactive lipid species are generated. We propose that strategies aimed at maintaining membrane lipid homeostasis are fundamental to preventing the initiation of metabolically relevant lipotoxicity. SUMMARY It is essential to understand the qualitative component of lipid species involved in cellular toxicity and the molecular mechanisms mediating these toxic effects to identify new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Carobbio
- University of Cambridge, Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Block RC, Harris WS, Pottala JV. Determinants of Blood Cell Omega-3 Fatty Acid Content. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 1:1-6. [PMID: 19953197 DOI: 10.2174/1875318300801010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Although red blood cell eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) plus docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) content (the Omega-3 Index) predicts cardiovascular death, the factors determining the Index are unknown. METHODS: In 704 outpatients, we undertook an investigation of the clinical determinants of the Index. RESULTS: Factors associated with the Index in decreasing order were: EPA+DHA supplement use, fish consumption frequency, triglyceride level, age, high cholesterol history, and smoking. These factors explained 59% of Index variability, with capsules/fish intake together accounting for 47%. The Index increased by 13% (p< 0.0001) for each serving level increase in fish intake and EPA+DHA supplementation correlated with a 58% increase (p< 0.0001) regardless of background fish intake (p=0.25; test for interaction). A 100 mg/dL decrease in serum triglycerides was associated with a 15% higher (p<0.0001) Index. CONCLUSIONS: The intake of EPA+DHA-rich foods and supplements principally determined the Omega-3 Index, but explained only about half of the variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Block
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Community and Preventive Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry
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18
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Sartore G, Lapolla A, Reitano R, Zambon S, Romanato G, Marin R, Cosma C, Manzato E, Fedele D. Desaturase activities and metabolic control in type 2 diabetes. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2008; 79:55-8. [PMID: 18771908 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2008.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2008] [Revised: 06/27/2008] [Accepted: 07/11/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to elucidate the effects of a poor glycemic control on fatty acid composition and desaturase activities in type 2 diabetic patients. Plasma phospholipid fatty acid composition and desaturase activities (estimated from fatty acid product to precursor ratios) were measured in 30 type 2 diabetic patients during poor metabolic control and after achieving a good metabolic control. Significant changes were recorded in the percentages of palmitic, stearic, dihomo-gamma-linolenic, docosatetraenoic and docosapentaenoic acid. The delta-5 desaturase activity was significantly higher with poor than with good metabolic control. The changes identified in plasma phospholipid fatty acid composition and the desaturase activity in type 2 diabetic patients go in the opposite direction to those described in similar conditions in type 1 diabetic patients and may be relevant to a better understanding of the role of metabolic control in the progression of chronic complications in type 2 diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Sartore
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Padua, Via Dei Colli, 4, 35143 Padova, Italy.
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Murugan P, Pari L. Protective role of tetrahydrocurcumin on changes in the fatty acid composition in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced type 2 diabetic rats. J Appl Biomed 2007. [DOI: 10.32725/jab.2007.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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Jacobson DA, Weber CR, Bao S, Turk J, Philipson LH. Modulation of the pancreatic islet beta-cell-delayed rectifier potassium channel Kv2.1 by the polyunsaturated fatty acid arachidonate. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:7442-9. [PMID: 17197450 PMCID: PMC2044499 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m607858200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose stimulates both insulin secretion and hydrolysis of arachidonic acid (AA) esterified in membrane phospholipids of pancreatic islet beta-cells, and these processes are amplified by muscarinic agonists. Here we demonstrate that nonesterified AA regulates the biophysical activity of the pancreatic islet beta-cell-delayed rectifier channel, Kv2.1. Recordings of Kv2.1 currents from INS-1 insulinoma cells incubated with AA (5 mum) and subjected to graded degrees of depolarization exhibit a significantly shorter time-to-peak current interval than do control cells. AA causes a rapid decay and reduced peak conductance of delayed rectifier currents from INS-1 cells and from primary beta-cells isolated from mouse, rat, and human pancreatic islets. Stimulating mouse islets with AA results in a significant increase in the frequency of glucose-induced [Ca(2+)] oscillations, which is an expected effect of Kv2.1 channel blockade. Stimulation with concentrations of glucose and carbachol that accelerate hydrolysis of endogenous AA from islet phosphoplipids also results in accelerated Kv2.1 inactivation and a shorter time-to-peak current interval. Group VIA phospholipase A(2) (iPLA(2)beta) hydrolyzes beta-cell membrane phospholipids to release nonesterified fatty acids, including AA, and inhibiting iPLA(2)beta prevents the muscarinic agonist-induced accelerated Kv2.1 inactivation. Furthermore, glucose and carbachol do not significantly affect Kv2.1 inactivation in beta-cells from iPLA(2)beta(-/-) mice. Stably transfected INS-1 cells that overexpress iPLA(2)beta hydrolyze phospholipids more rapidly than control INS-1 cells and also exhibit an increase in the inactivation rate of the delayed rectifier currents. These results suggest that Kv2.1 currents could be dynamically modulated in the pancreatic islet beta-cell by phospholipase-catalyzed hydrolysis of membrane phospholipids to yield non-esterified fatty acids, such as AA, that facilitate Ca(2+) entry and insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Jacobson
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | | | - Shunzhong Bao
- Medicine Department Mass Spectrometry Facility and Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - John Turk
- Medicine Department Mass Spectrometry Facility and Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
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Afshari AT, Shirpoor A, Farshid A, Saadatian R, Rasmi Y, Saboory E, Ilkhanizadeh B, Allameh A. The effect of ginger on diabetic nephropathy, plasma antioxidant capacity and lipid peroxidation in rats. Food Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Ristić Medić D, Ristić V, Arsić A, Postić M, Ristić G, Blazencić Mladenović V, Tepsić J. Effects of soybean D-LeciVita product on serum lipids and fatty acid composition in type 2 diabetic patients with hyperlipidemia. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2006; 16:395-404. [PMID: 16935698 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2005.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2005] [Revised: 06/16/2005] [Accepted: 06/16/2005] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Hyperlipidemia is one of the major risk factors of cardiovascular complication in diabetes. High intake of soy product has been suggested to prevent cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate if dietary supplement of soybean D-LeciVita product, rich in polyunsaturated phospholipids (with 12% lecithin, 35% soy protein) affects serum lipids and serum and erythrocyte phospholipid fatty acid composition in type 2 diabetic patients. METHODS AND RESULTS Forty-seven patients (men and post-menopausal women) with isolated hypertriglyceridemia (IHTG) and combined hyperlipidemia (CHL), aged 43-70 years, were given 15g of D-LeciVita powder as a water suspension in a single evening dose during the follow-up period of 12 weeks. Patients kept their diabetic diet relatively constant. Treatment was associated with a significant (p < or = 0.001) decrease in serum total cholesterol and triglyceride levels by 12% and 22%, respectively. LDL-cholesterol decreased by 16% and HDL-cholesterol increased by 11% (p < or = 0.001). Our study shows a 27% decrease in LDL-cholesterol (p < or = 0.001) and a 12% increase in HDL-cholesterol (p < or = 0.01) in CHL type 2 diabetic patients. Triglyceride levels decreased in type 2 diabetic patients with IHTG and CHL by 29% and 13%, respectively (p < or = 0.01 and p < or = 0.05). Our results show decrease in SFA and increase in n-6 and n-3 PUFA in serum and erythrocyte phospholipids. SFA decreased and n-3 PUFA increased in serum and erythrocyte phospholipids in IHTG and CHL groups. CONCLUSION The present study indicated that added to a regular diet, soybean D-LeciVita product (combination of soy protein and lecithin) is associated not only with lipid-lowering effects but also with more favorable serum phospholipids fatty acid profile in type 2 diabetic patients with hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danijela Ristić Medić
- Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory for Nutrition and Metabolism, Dr Subotića 4a, Belgrade, PO Box 102, 11 129 Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro.
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Sands SA, Reid KJ, Windsor SL, Harris WS. The impact of age, body mass index, and fish intake on the EPA and DHA content of human erythrocytes. Lipids 2006; 40:343-7. [PMID: 16028715 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-006-1392-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
n-3 FA are beneficial for cardiovascular health, reducing platelet aggregation, TG levels, and the risk of sudden death from myocardial infarction. The percentage of EPA + DHA in red blood cells (RBC), also known as the Omega-3 Index, has recently been proposed as a risk marker for death from coronary heart disease (CHD). The purpose of this study was to begin to explore the factors that can influence RBC EPA + DHA. We collected information on the number of servings of tuna or nonfried fish consumed per month, as well as on age, gender, ethnicity, smoking status, the presence of diabetes, and body mass index (BMI) in 163 adults in Kansas City who were not taking fish oil supplements. The average RBC EPA + DHA in this population was 4.9 +/- 2.1%. On a multivariate analysis, four factors significantly and independently influenced the Omega-3 Index: fish servings, age, BMI, and diabetes. The Index increased by 0.24 units with each additional monthly serving of tuna or nonfried fish (P < 0.0001), and by 0.5 units for each additional decade in age (P < 0.0001). The Index was 1.13% units lower in subjects with diabetes (P = 0.015) and decreased by 0.3% units with each 3-unit increase in BMI (P = 0.001). Gender or smoking status had no effect, and the univariate relationship with ethnicity vanished after controlling for fish intake. Given the importance of n-3 FA in influencing risk for death from CHD, further studies are warranted to delineate the nondietary factors that influence RBC EPA + DHA content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Sands
- Mid America Heart Institute, Saint Luke's Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri 64111, USA
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Kumar NA, Pari L. Combined n-benzoyl-d-phenylalanine and metformin treatment reverses changes in the fatty acid composition of streptozotocin diabetic rats. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2006; 17:17-28. [PMID: 16639877 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp.2006.17.1.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the effect of N-benzoyl-D-phenylalanine (NBDP) and metformin on blood glucose, plasma insulin, and on the fatty acid composition of total lipids in the livers and kidneys of control and experimental diabetic rats. When compared with nondiabetic control rats, neonatal streptozotocin (nSTZ) diabetic rats showed a significant increase in blood glucose and decreased plasma insulin. Analysis of fatty acids revealed a significant increase in the concentration of palmitic, stearic, and oleic acids in liver and kidney, whereas linolenic and arachidonic acids were significantly decreased. In diabetic rats, the oral administration of combined NBDP/metformin for 6 wk decreased the high concentrations of palmitic, stearic, and oleic acids and elevated the low levels of linolenic and arachidonic acids. The results suggest that the NBDP/metformin combination exhibits both antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic effects in nSTZ diabetic rats and prevents the fatty acid changes produced during diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natarajan Ashok Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu 608 002, India
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Min Y, Lowy C, Ghebremeskel K, Thomas B, Offley-Shore B, Crawford M. Unfavorable effect of type 1 and type 2 diabetes on maternal and fetal essential fatty acid status: a potential marker of fetal insulin resistance. Am J Clin Nutr 2005; 82:1162-8. [PMID: 16332647 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/82.6.1162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregestational maternal diabetes increases obesity and diabetes risks in the offspring. Both conditions are characterized by insulin resistance, and diabetes is associated with low membrane arachidonic (AA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids. OBJECTIVE We investigated whether type 1 and type 2 diabetes in pregnancy compromise maternal and fetal membrane essential fatty acids (FAs). DESIGN We studied 39 nondiabetic (control subjects), 32 type 1 diabetic, and 17 type 2 diabetic pregnant women and the infants they delivered. Maternal and cord blood samples were obtained at midgestation and at delivery, respectively. Plasma triacylglycerols and choline phosphoglycerides and red blood cell (RBC) choline and ethanolamine phosphoglyceride FAs were assessed. RESULTS The difference in maternal plasma triacylglycerol FAs between groups was not significant. However, the type 1 diabetes group had lower plasma choline phosphoglyceride DHA (3.7 +/- 0.9%; P < 0.01) than did the control group (5.2 +/- 1.6%). Likewise, RBC DHA was lower in the type 1 [choline: 3.4 +/- 1.5% (P < 0.01); ethanolamine: 5.9 +/- 2.5% (P < 0.05)] and type 2 [choline: 3.5 +/- 1.6% (P < 0.05)] diabetes groups than in the control group (choline: 5.5 +/- 2.2%; ethanolamine: 7.5 +/- 2.5%). Cord AA and DHA were lower in the plasma (type 1: P < 0.01) and RBC (type 2: P < 0.05) choline phosphoglycerides of the diabetics than of the control subjects, and cord RBC ethanolamine phosphoglycerides were lower in DHA (P < 0.05) in both diabetes groups than in the control group. CONCLUSIONS Diabetes (either type) compromises maternal RBC DHA and cord plasma and RBC AA and DHA. The association of these 2 FAs with insulin sensitivity may mean that the current finding explains the higher incidence of insulin resistance and diabetes in the offspring of diabetic women.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Arachidonic Acid/analysis
- Arachidonic Acid/blood
- Biomarkers/blood
- Case-Control Studies
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Docosahexaenoic Acids/analysis
- Docosahexaenoic Acids/blood
- Erythrocyte Membrane/chemistry
- Erythrocyte Membrane/metabolism
- Fatty Acids, Essential/analysis
- Fatty Acids, Essential/blood
- Fatty Acids, Essential/metabolism
- Female
- Fetal Blood/chemistry
- Fetal Blood/metabolism
- Glycerylphosphorylcholine/chemistry
- Humans
- Insulin Resistance/physiology
- Maternal-Fetal Exchange
- Phosphatidylethanolamines/chemistry
- Pregnancy
- Pregnancy Trimester, Second/blood
- Pregnancy Trimester, Second/metabolism
- Pregnancy Trimester, Third/blood
- Pregnancy Trimester, Third/metabolism
- Pregnancy in Diabetics/blood
- Pregnancy in Diabetics/metabolism
- Triglycerides/blood
- Triglycerides/chemistry
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoeju Min
- Institute of Brain Chemistry and Human Nutrition, London Metropolitan University, London, United Kingdom.
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Rodríguez Y, Giri M, Rottiers R, Christophe AB. Obese type 2 diabetics and obese patients have comparable plasma phospholipid fatty acid compositions deviating from that of healthy individuals. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2004; 71:303-8. [PMID: 15380817 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2004.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2004] [Accepted: 04/26/2004] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
There exist controversial reports regarding the differences in phospholipid fatty acids in type 2 diabetic and obese patients as compared to controls. The study was aimed at assessing the combined effect of type 2 diabetes and obesity on the fatty acid composition of plasma phospholipids. The experimental group consisted of 23 Belgian obese type 2 diabetics on Metformin. Two control groups were used: healthy lean and obese individuals in the same BMI range as the diabetics. Plasma phospholipids were isolated and their fatty acids and vinyl ether moieties were determined. Significance was set at P < 0.01. Plasma phospholipid fatty acids and plasmalogen-derived dimethyl acetals in diabetics deviated in many respects from these of lean controls but were not significantly different from those of obese non-diabetic patients. Therefore, the deviations of the fatty acid pattern of plasma phospholipids in type 2 diabetes may be attributed to obesity rather than to diabetes itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Rodríguez
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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27
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Pari L, Venkateswaran S. Protective Role ofPhaseolus vulgarison Changes in the Fatty Acid Composition in Experimental Diabetes. J Med Food 2004; 7:204-9. [PMID: 15298769 DOI: 10.1089/1096620041224120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the effect of Phaseolus vulgaris, an indigenous plant used in Unani and Ayurvedic medicine in India, on blood glucose, plasma insulin, cholesterol, triglycerides, free fatty acids, phospholipids, and fatty acid composition of total lipids in liver, kidney, and brain of normal and streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic rats. The results show that there was a significant increase in tissue cholesterol, triglycerides, free fatty acids, and phospholipids in STZ diabetic rats. The analysis of fatty acids showed that there was a significant increase in the concentrations of palmitic acid (16:1), stearic acid (18:0), and oleic acid (18:1) in liver, kidney, and brain, whereas the concentrations of linolenic acid (18:3) and arachidonic acid (20:4) were significantly decreased. Oral administration of the aqueous extract of P. vulgaris pods (200 mg/kg of body weight) for 45 days to diabetic rats decreased the concentrations of lipids and fatty acids, viz., palmitic, stearic, and oleic acids, whereas linolenic and arachidonic acids were elevated. Similarly, the administration of P. vulgaris pod extract (PPEt) to normal animals resulted in a significant hypolipidemic effect. These results suggest that PPEt exhibits hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects in STZ diabetic rats. It also prevents the fatty acid changes produced during diabetes. The effect of PPEt at 200 mg/kg of body weight was better than that of glibenclamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leelavinothan Pari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar-608 002, Tamil Nadu, India.
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28
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Mawatari S, Saito K, Murakami K, Fujino T. Absence of correlation between glycated hemoglobin and lipid composition of erythrocyte membrane in type 2 diabetic patients. Metabolism 2004; 53:123-7. [PMID: 14681853 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2003.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Correlation of glycated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)) level with degrees of certain peroxidative changes in erythrocyte membrane lipids in diabetic patients have been reported. In the present study, peroxidation of erythrocyte lipids was assessed by changes in tocopherols (Toc), phospholipids (PL), and malondialdehyde (MDA). Membrane cholesterol, Toc, and PL were determined from the same lipid extract. Toc and cholesterol were measured simultaneously by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and each PL class was determined by a single HPLC elution with ultraviolet light (UV) detection. The detection of PL with UV depends primarily on double bonds in fatty acids and shows a decrease in fatty acids by peroxidation. Changes in Toc and each PL were calculated on the basis of cholesterol and SM, respectively, since cholesterol and sphingomyelin (SM) in the cell membrane are not prone to peroxidation. MDA was measured by an HPLC method with fluorescence detection. These methods for assessment for peroxidation of membrane lipids in intact erythrocytes were validated by experiments with 2, 2-azobis(2-amidinopropane)dihydrochloride (AAPH) and tert-butylhydroperoxide (tBHP); nevertheless, significant differences in the levels of Toc, each PL class, and MDA between a high-HbA(1c) group and a low-HbA(1c) group were not detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiro Mawatari
- Department of Nutrition and Health Science, Faculty of Human Environmental Science, Fukuoka Women's University, Japan
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29
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Aro A. Fatty acid composition of serum lipids: is this marker of fat intake still relevant for identifying metabolic and cardiovascular disorders? Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2003; 13:253-255. [PMID: 14717056 DOI: 10.1016/s0939-4753(03)80028-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of the fatty acid composition of serum lipid fractions is an old but still useful method for several purposes. The proportions of essential polyunsaturated and trans fatty acids are biomarkers of dietary intake that can be used to improve estimates of fatty acid intake in dietary trials and population studies. Furthermore, the metabolism of essential n-6 and n-3 fatty acids is reflected in the serum fatty acid composition. Changes in the activity of the delta-6 and delta-5 desaturases, which affect the proportions of dihomogamma-linolenic acid and arachidonic acid in serum lipids, are associated with insulin resistance and may explain differences in coronary heart disease risk.
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30
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König D, Väisänen SB, Bouchard C, Halle M, Lakka TA, Baumstark MW, Alen M, Berg A, Rauramaa R. Cardiorespiratory fitness modifies the association between dietary fat intake and plasma fatty acids. Eur J Clin Nutr 2003; 57:810-5. [PMID: 12821879 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the relation between (1) cardiorespiratory fitness and plasma saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids and (2) the interactions between cardiorespiratory fitness, dietary fat intake and plasma fatty acid composition. DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis. SETTING AND SUBJECTS The subjects were randomly selected, 127 middle-aged Finnish men participating in the DNASCO exercise intervention study. INTERVENTIONS Cardiorespiratory fitness was determined spiroergometrically, dietary intake of macro- and micronutrients by 4-day food records and plasma fatty acids by gas chromatography. The subjects were divided into tertiles of aerobic fitness. RESULTS Differences between fitness tertiles were not observed for dietary intake of total fat, and saturated, monounsaturated or polyunsaturated fatty acids (percent of total energy). In contrast, plasma saturated fatty acids were significantly lower (P <0.01) and polyunsaturated fatty acids significantly higher (P <0.05) in the highest fitness tertile compared to the lowest tertile. Dietary saturated fat intake was positively associated with plasma saturated fatty acids (r=0.342; P <0.05) and inversely with plasma polyunsaturated fatty acids (r=-0.453; P <0.01) only in the lowest fitness tertile. In addition, a positive correlation between body mass index and plasma saturated fatty acids (r=0.516; P <0.01) as well as a negative correlation between body mass index and plasma polyunsaturated fatty acids (r=-0.516; P <0.01) was observed in the lowest tertile solely. CONCLUSION Different levels in cardiorespiratory fitness are associated with different levels in plasma saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids and lead to modifications in the association between dietary and plasma fatty acids. These findings can perhaps be explained by a reduced hepatic fatty acid and lipoprotein synthesis as well as by an enhanced muscular lipid utilization, which are commonly seen in those who are physically active and who exhibit a higher level of fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- D König
- Department of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Center for Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Hugstetter Strasse 55, D-79106 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.
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31
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Perassolo MS, Almeida JC, Prá RL, Mello VD, Maia AL, Moulin CC, Camargo JL, Zelmanovitz T, Azevedo MJ, Gross JL. Fatty acid composition of serum lipid fractions in type 2 diabetic patients with microalbuminuria. Diabetes Care 2003; 26:613-8. [PMID: 12610010 DOI: 10.2337/diacare.26.3.613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the fatty acid composition of serum phospholipid, triglyceride, and cholesterol ester fractions and to analyze the lipid profile of microalbuminuric type 2 diabetic patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A case-control study was conducted with 72 patients: 37 were normoalbuminuric (urinary albumin excretion rate [UAER] <20 microg/min), and 35 were microalbuminuric (UAER 20-200 microg/min). After 4 weeks of a standardized diet, the fatty acid composition of phospholipid, triglyceride, and cholesterol ester fractions was determined by gas chromatography. Total cholesterol and triglycerides were measured by enzymatic-colorimetric methods; cholesterol HDL by double precipitation with heparin, MnCl(2), and dextran sulfate; and apolipoprotein B by immunoturbidimetry. RESULTS Microalbuminuric patients showed a lower proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (24.8 +/- 11.0%), especially of the n-6 family (21.7 +/- 10.5%), in triglyceride fraction than normoalbuminuric patients (34.1 +/- 11.3%, P = 0.001 and 31.4 +/- 11.5%, P < 0.001, respectively). Patients with microalbuminuria also presented higher levels of saturated fatty acids in triglyceride fraction (43.4 +/- 18.0% vs. 34.7 +/- 13.1%, P = 0.022). In the logistic regression analysis, only the proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids in triglyceride fraction remained significantly associated with microalbuminuria (odds ratio [OR] 0.92, 95% CI 0.85-0.98, P = 0.019). Total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglyceride, and apolipoprotein B levels were similar in normo- and microalbuminuric patients. CONCLUSION Microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetic patients is associated with low polyunsaturated fatty acid contents in serum triglyceride fraction. This association may represent a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and may contribute to the progression of renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda S Perassolo
- Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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32
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Järvisalo MJ, Putto-Laurila A, Jartti L, Lehtimäki T, Solakivi T, Rönnemaa T, Raitakari OT. Carotid artery intima-media thickness in children with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes 2002; 51:493-8. [PMID: 11812760 DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.51.2.493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Postmortem studies have shown a relationship between diabetic state and atherosclerotic arterial lesions in adolescents. The aim of the present study was to determine the presence of increased subclinical atherosclerosis (measured as carotid intima-media thickness [IMT]) and its risk factors, including lipoprotein oxidation, in children with type 1 diabetes. We measured carotid IMT using high-resolution ultrasound in 85 children (mean age, 11 +/- 2 years): 50 with type 1 diabetes (mean duration, 4.4 +/- 3.0 years) and 35 healthy control subjects matched for age, sex, and body size. The susceptibility of LDL to oxidation was determined by measuring the formation of conjugated dienes induced by Cu(2+) in 42 children (21 with diabetes and 21 control subjects). The mean carotid IMT was increased in children with diabetes (0.47 +/- 0.04 vs. 0.42 +/- 0.04 mm; P < 0.0001). Total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol concentrations were similar between the groups, but the children with diabetes had increased LDL diene formation rate (0.49 +/- 0.06 vs. 0.45 +/- 0.07 micromol/min; P < 0.05), suggesting increased in vitro LDL oxidizability. In a multivariate model for all subjects, the independent correlates for IMT were the diabetic state (P < 0.001), LDL cholesterol level (P < 0.001), and systolic blood pressure (P < 0.001). In children with diabetes but not in control subjects, LDL oxidizability correlated significantly with mean IMT (r = 0.47, P < 0.05), and this relationship remained significant after controlling for LDL cholesterol level. We conclude that type 1 diabetes is an independent risk factor for increased carotid IMT in children. These data also suggest that increased oxidative modification of LDL may be related to early structural atherosclerotic vascular changes in children with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikko J Järvisalo
- Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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33
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Andallu B, Suryakantham V, Lakshmi Srikanthi B, Reddy GK. Effect of mulberry (Morus indica L.) therapy on plasma and erythrocyte membrane lipids in patients with type 2 diabetes. Clin Chim Acta 2001; 314:47-53. [PMID: 11718678 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-8981(01)00632-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mulberry (Morus indica L.) is non-toxic natural therapeutic agent shown to possess hypoglycemic, hypotensive, and diuretic properties. METHODS The hypoglycemic effect of the mulberry leaves was evaluated by comparing the anti-diabetic activity of the standard drug, glibenclamide. A total of 24 type 2 diabetic patents were divided randomly into two treatment groups: the mulberry agent and glibenclamide, for 30 days. Serum and erythrocyte membrane lipid profiles of the patients were analyzed before and after the treatments. RESULTS Patients with mulberry therapy significantly improved their glycemic control vs. glibenclamide treatment. The results from pre- and post-treatment analysis of blood plasma and urine samples showed that the mulberry therapy significantly decreased the concentration of serum total cholesterol (12%, p<0.01), triglycerides (16%, p<0.01), plasma free fatty acids (12%, p<0.01), LDL-cholesterol (23%, p<0.01), VLDL-cholesterol (17%, p<0.01), plasma peroxides (25%, p<0.01), urinary peroxides (55%, p<0.01), while increasing HDL-cholesterol (18%, p<0.01). Although the patients with glibenclamide treatment showed marginal improvement in glycemic control, the changes in the lipid profile were not statistically significant except for triglycerides (10%, p<0.05), plasma peroxides (15%, p<0.05), and urinary peroxides (19%, p<0.05). Both treatments displayed no apparent effect on the concentrations of the glycosylated hemoglobin (Hb A(1)c) in diabetic patients. However, the fasting blood glucose concentrations of diabetic patients were significantly reduced by the mulberry therapy. CONCLUSIONS Mulberry therapy exhibits potential hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Andallu
- Department of Home Science, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Anantapur 515001, Andhra Pradesh, India
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34
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Clifton PM, Nestel PJ. Relationship between plasma insulin and erythrocyte fatty acid composition. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 1998; 59:191-4. [PMID: 9844992 DOI: 10.1016/s0952-3278(98)90062-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is an important condition which underlies much of the coronary artery disease in affluent societies. We have related insulin resistance, as assessed by fasting plasma insulin, to erythrocyte membrane composition in 54 healthy men and women on a low fat diet. We found a inverse relationship (r = -0.41, P = 0.002) between fasting plasma insulin and the percentage of arachidonic acid in erythrocyte fatty acids. An inverse relationship of similar strength was found with total n-6 fatty acids and a positive relationship was found with the percentage of saturated fatty acids (r = 0.39, P < 0.01). No relationship was found with n-3 fatty acids. We would suggest that n-6 fatty acids, and in particular arachidonic acid, modify the membrane environment of the insulin receptor (or the glucose transporters) so that lower levels of insulin are required for glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Clifton
- Division of Human Nutrition, Adelaide, South Australia.
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35
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Reginato MJ, Krakow SL, Bailey ST, Lazar MA. Prostaglandins promote and block adipogenesis through opposing effects on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma. J Biol Chem 1998; 273:1855-8. [PMID: 9442016 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.273.4.1855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Fat cell differentiation is a critical aspect of obesity and diabetes. Dietary fatty acids are converted to arachidonic acid, which serves as precursor of prostaglandins (PGs). PGJ2 derivatives function as activating ligands for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma), a nuclear hormone receptor that is central to adipogenic determination. We report here that PGF2 alpha blocks adipogenesis through activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase, resulting in inhibitory phosphorylation of PPAR gamma. Both mitogen-activated protein kinase activation and PPAR gamma phosphorylation are required for the anti-adipogenic effects of PGF2 alpha. Thus, PG signals generated at a cell surface receptor regulate the program of gene expression required for adipogenesis by modulating the activity of a nuclear hormone receptor that is directly activated by other PG signals. The balance between PGF2 alpha and PGJ2 signaling may thus be central to the development of obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Reginato
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia 19104, USA
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36
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Bohov P, Baláz V, Seböková E, Klimes I. The effect of hyperlipidemia on serum fatty acid composition in type 2 diabetics. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1997; 827:561-7. [PMID: 9329791 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1997.tb51871.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acid (FA) profiles of total serum lipids were determined by capillary gas chromatography in Type 2 diabetic patients (NIDDM) with diverse types of hyperlipidemia. In patients with hypertriglyceridemia (DM-HTG) and combined hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia (DM-HLP), a significantly different total FA composition was found compared with healthy controls or diabetics with normal serum lipids. In particular, the proportions of saturated and monounsaturated FA were increased and the proportions of n-6 polyunsaturated FA were decreased. In DM-HLP patients, PUFA n-6 metabolites and C20-C22 PUFA were also decreased. Thus, hyperlipidemia shifts significantly the serum FA composition in NIDDM patients into an atherogenic profile. More study is needed, however, to understand if serum FA changes may contribute to the increased atherogenesis commonly found in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Bohov
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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37
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Czubryt MP, Russell JC, Sarantopoulos J, Pierce GN. Nuclear cholesterol content and nucleoside triphosphatase activity are altered in the JCR:LA-cp corpulent rat. J Cell Biochem 1996; 63:349-57. [PMID: 8913886 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4644(19961201)63:3<349::aid-jcb10>3.0.co;2-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A nuclear pore complex-associated nucleoside triphosphatase (NTPase) activity is believed to provide energy for nuclear export of poly(A)+ mRNA. This study was initiated to determine if nuclear membrane lipid composition is altered during chronic hyperlipidemia, and what effect this has on NTPase activity. The JCR:LA-cp corpulent rat model is characterized by severe hypertriglyceridemia and moderate hypercholesterolemia, and thus represents an ideal animal model in which to study nuclear cholesterol and NTPase activity. NTPase activity was markedly increased in purified hepatic nuclei from corpulent female JCR:LA-cp rats in comparison to lean control rats as a function of assay time, [GTP], [ATP], and [Mg2+]. Nuclear membrane cholesterol and phospholipid content were significantly elevated in the corpulent animals. Nuclei of corpulent animals were less resistant to salt-induced lysis than nuclei of lean animals, suggesting a change in relative membrane integrity. Together, these results indicate that altered lipid metabolism in a genetic corpulent animal model can lead to changes in nuclear membrane lipid composition, which in turn may alter nuclear membrane NTPase activity and integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Czubryt
- Ion Transport Laboratory, St. Boniface General Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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38
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Abstract
Undernutrition, overnutrition and malnutrition, in addition to several other environmental insults have been claimed to play roles in the etiopathogenesis of insulin-dependent and -independent diabetes. These factors are known to alter the beta-cell function and disturb its homeostasis, i.e. qualitative and quantitative changes in its activity. This can lead to disturbed glucose homeostasis and thereby diabetes. It is possible to stop this vicious cycle and reduce the incidence of diabetes by restoring the homeostasis of beta-cell function through proper diabetes management and maintainance of an appropriate dietary milieu. It has been suggested that beta-cell dysfunction or death occurs by oxyradical mediated processes. Adequate stimulation of beta cells through high carbohydrate and fibre intake, and reduced oxidative tone by caloric restriction (low protein and saturated fat), supplementation with antioxidants (vitamin E and D) and polyunsaturated essential fatty acids may prevent loss or even restore the beta-cell activity from environmental diabetogenic insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Ramesh
- National Facility For Animal Tissue and Cell Culture, 'Jopasana', Kothrud, Pune, India
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39
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Dimitriadis E, Griffin M, Owens D, Johnson A, Collins P, Tomkin GH. Oxidation of low-density lipoprotein in NIDDM: its relationship to fatty acid composition. Diabetologia 1995; 38:1300-6. [PMID: 8582539 DOI: 10.1007/bf00401762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The increased risk of atherosclerotic disease in diabetic subjects may be due to enhanced foam cell formation following an increased susceptibility of low density lipoprotein to oxidative modification. This study has compared fatty acid content and lipoprotein oxidisability in 10 non-insulin-dependent diabetic subjects with that in 10 control subjects. Both groups were normocholesterolaemic and the diabetic subjects had higher triglyceride levels (2.2 +/- 0.4 vs 1.2 +/- 0.2 mmol/l, p < 0.05). The fatty acid composition was compared in low density lipoprotein following Folch extraction, separation by thin layer chromatography (for the lipid classes) and analysis by gas liquid chromatography. Low density lipoprotein oxidisability was assessed by conjugated diene and thiobarbituric acid reacting substance formation in the presence of copper ions. The esterified/free cholesterol ratio was higher in the low density lipoprotein from patients compared to control subjects (2.9 +/- 0.1 vs 1.9 +/- 0.3, p < 0.05). Linoleic acid in the cholesteryl ester fraction of the lipoprotein was higher in the patients than in the control subjects (48.2 +/- 2.2% vs 42.4 +/- 3.4%, p < 0.05) as was the total quantity of linoleic acid in the cholesteryl ester fraction (317.8 +/- 68.0 vs 213.2 +/- 28.0 micrograms/mg protein, p < 0.05) and in the low-density lipoprotein as a whole (443.2 +/- 70.0 vs 340.2 +/- 28.2 micrograms/mg protein, p < 0.05). Lipoprotein oxidisability was also increased in the diabetic group with increased formation of thiobarbituric acid reacting substances (35.6 +/- 7.2 vs 22.3 +/- 3.5 nmol/mg protein, p < 0.05, increased total diene formation (502 +/- 60 vs 400 +/- 30 nmol/mg protein, p < 0.05) and increased rate of diene formation (7.2 +/- 0.6 vs 5.1 +/- 0.9 nmol diene.mg protein-1.min-1, p < 0.05). This study indicates that low-density lipoprotein from diabetic subjects is more susceptible to oxidation. This could, in vivo, accelerate foam-cell formation thereby increasing atherosclerotic risk in diabetic subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Dimitriadis
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
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Kakimoto H, Imai Y, Kawata S, Inada M, Ito T, Matsuzawa Y. Altered lipid composition and differential changes in activities of membrane-bound enzymes of erythrocytes in hepatic cirrhosis. Metabolism 1995; 44:825-32. [PMID: 7616839 DOI: 10.1016/0026-0495(95)90233-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Lipid composition, fluidity, and Na+,K(+)-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase), Mg(2+)-ATPase, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities of erythrocyte membranes were examined in comparison to plasma lipid composition and lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activities in 39 patients with hepatic cirrhosis due to viral hepatitis (Child-Pugh class A, n = 12; class B, n = 13; and class C, n = 14). Plasma LCAT activities decreased and the plasma free-cholesterol to phospholipid molar ratio (C/PL) increased with progressive severity of hepatic cirrhosis. C/PL and fluorescence polarization (inverse of fluidity) of erythrocyte membranes also increased with disease progression (C/PL: Child-Pugh A, 0.911 +/- 0.010; B, 0.941 +/- 0.011; C, 0.979 +/- 0.028; and normal, 0.798 +/- 0.010; fluorescence polarization: Child-Pugh A, 0.348 +/- 0.002; B, 0.351 +/- 0.002; C, 0.355 +/- 0.002; and normal, 0.340 +/- 0.002). There was a correlation between C/PL and fluorescence polarization of erythrocyte membranes (r = .629, P < .001). Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity of erythrocyte membranes did not differ between cirrhotic patients and normal subjects. On the other hand, Mg(2+)-ATPase activity decreased in Child-Pugh C cirrhosis. AChE activity was decreased in Child-Pugh A cirrhosis, and decreased further in Child-Pugh B and C cirrhosis. AChE and Mg(2+)-ATPase activities correlated inversely with fluorescence polarization (r = -.652, P < .001 and r = -.381, P < .01, respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kakimoto
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka University Medical School, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- P E Pool
- North County Cardiology Research Laboratory, Encinitas, CA 92024
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Crémel G, Ficková M, Klimes I, Leray C, Leray V, Meuillet E, Roques M, Staedel C, Hubert P. Lipid modulation of insulin receptor tyrosine kinase activity in cultured cells, animals, and reconstituted systems. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1993; 683:164-71. [PMID: 8394663 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb35702.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G Crémel
- INSERM U. 338, Strasbourg, France
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Bohov P, Gelienová K, Seböková E, Klimes I. Abnormal serum fatty acid composition in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1993; 683:367-70. [PMID: 8352467 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb35736.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P Bohov
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava
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Pelikánová T, Kohout M, Base J, Stefka Z, Kovár J, Kazdová L, Válek J. Effect of acute hyperinsulinemia on fatty acid composition of serum lipids in non-insulin-dependent diabetics and healthy men. Clin Chim Acta 1991; 203:329-37. [PMID: 1777992 DOI: 10.1016/0009-8981(91)90305-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The fatty acid pattern of serum phospholipids, cholesteryl esters, triglycerides and free fatty acids was measured before and after a 5-h two-step euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp (75 and 1400 microU/ml) in 21 non-insulin-dependent diabetics and 14 age-, weight-, and sex-matched healthy controls. Acute hyperinsulinemia was associated with a statistically significant increase in essential fatty acid and a decrease in non-essential fatty acid contents in triglycerides while the levels of serum triglycerides and free fatty acids dropped in both groups. The fatty acid composition of phospholipids and cholesteryl esters remained unchanged as did the levels of serum phospholipids, total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Pelikánová
- Department of Diabetology, Postgraduate Medical and Pharmaceutical Institute, Prague, Czechoslovakia
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