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Jiang Y, Sun-Waterhouse D, Chen Y, Li F, Li D. Epigenetic mechanisms underlying the benefits of flavonoids in cardiovascular health and diseases: are long non-coding RNAs rising stars? Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:3855-3872. [PMID: 33427492 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1870926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) rank as the first leading cause of death globally. High dietary polyphenol (especially flavonoids) intake has strongly been associated with low incidence of the primary outcome, overall mortality, blood pressure, inflammatory biomarkers, onset of new-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and obesity. Phytogenic flavonoids affect the physiological and pathological processes of CVDs by modulating various biochemical signaling pathways. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have attracted increasing attention as fundamental regulator of gene expression involved in CVDs. Among the different ncRNA subgroups, long ncRNAs (lncRNAs) have recently emerged as regulatory eukaryotic transcripts and therapeutic targets with important and diverse functions in health and diseases. lncRNAs may be associated with the initiation, development and progression of CVDs by modulating acute and chronic inflammation, adipogenesis and lipid metabolism, and cellular physiology. This review summarizes this research on the modulatory effects of lncRNAs and their roles in mediating cellular processes. The mechanisms of action of flavonoids underlying their therapeutic effects on CVDs are also discussed. Based on our review, flavonoids might facilitate a significant epigenetic modification as part (if not full) of their tissue-/cell-related biological effects. This finding may be attributed to their interaction with cellular signaling pathways involved in chronic diseases. Certain lncRNAs might be the target of specific flavonoids, and some critical signaling processes involved in the intervention of CVDs might mediate the therapeutic roles of flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jiang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, PR China
| | | | - Yilun Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, PR China
| | - Feng Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, PR China
| | - Dapeng Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, PR China
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Olaniyan OT, Bamidele O, Adetunji CO, Priscilla B, Femi A, Ayobami D, Okotie G, Oluwaseun I, Olugbenga E, Mali PC. Quercetin modulates granulosa cell mRNA androgen receptor gene expression in dehydroepiandrosterone-induced polycystic ovary in Wistar rats via metabolic and hormonal pathways. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 31:/j/jbcpp.ahead-of-print/jbcpp-2019-0076/jbcpp-2019-0076.xml. [PMID: 32160160 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2019-0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Background It is estimated that about 5-10% of women suffer from polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) which is a major cause of female reproductive dysfunction. This study examined the role of quercetin on dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)-induced PCO in Wistar rats. Methods Twenty-eight pre-pubertal female Wistar rats that are 21 days old weighing 16-21 g were sorted into four groups (n = 7). Group I served as control and was given distilled water only, Group II were injected with 6 mg/100 g BW of DHEA in 0.2 mL of corn oil subcutaneously, Group III received 100 mg/kg BW of quercetin orally and Group IV received 6 mg/100 g BW of DHEA in 0.2 mL of corn oil subcutaneously and 100 mg/kg BW of quercetin orally. Rats were sacrificed after 15 days by cervical dislocation method. Blood samples and ovaries were collected for hormonal, biochemical, and histopathological analysis and expressions of mRNA androgen receptor gene were determined using RT-qPCR. All data were analysed using one-way ANOVA. Results A significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the antioxidant and metabolic enzyme activity in the DHEA treated group was observed when compared with control. DHEA co-administration with quercetin showed a significant decrease in malondialdehyde and cytokines when compared with DHEA treated group. Also a significant increase in progesterone, metabolic and antioxidant enzyme activity was observed. The histopathology demonstrates a reduction in cystic and atretic cells, improved expression of BCl2, E-Cadherin and a decrease in Bax. Conclusions Quercetin alleviated DHEA-induced PCO. These effects could be attributed to its antioxidant property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olugbemi T Olaniyan
- Laboratory for Reproductive Biology and Developmental Programming, Department of Physiology, Edo University Iyamho, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - Okoli Bamidele
- Institute of Chemical and Biotechnology, Vaal University of Technology, Southern Gauteng Science and Technology Park, Sebokeng, South Africa
| | - Charles O Adetunji
- Applied Microbiology, Biotechnology and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Edo University Iyamho, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - Bretet Priscilla
- Department of Physiology, Bingham University Karu, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
| | - Adebayo Femi
- Department of Physiology, Bingham University Karu, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
| | - Dare Ayobami
- Department of Physiology, Bingham University Karu, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
| | - Gloria Okotie
- Department of Physiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - Eweoya Olugbenga
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of the Gambia, Serrekunda, The Gambia
| | - Pratap C Mali
- Reproductive Biomedicine and Natural Product Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
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Doskocil I, Havlik J, Verlotta R, Tauchen J, Vesela L, Macakova K, Opletal L, Kokoska L, Rada V. In vitro immunomodulatory activity, cytotoxicity and chemistry of some central European polypores. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2016; 54:2369-2376. [PMID: 26984176 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2016.1156708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Context Some mushrooms of the order Polyporales are known for their immunomodulatory actions. Objective The objective of this study is to evaluate the in vitro phagocytic and cytotoxic effects of extracts from polyporales native to Central Europe. Materials and methods The effects of ethanol extracts from 27 polypore species on opsonized zymosan-induced phagocytosis of isolated human neutrophils were tested by a chemiluminescence method. Colon epithelial cell lines, Caco-2 and HT-29, were used for cytotoxicity assays, and extracts were chemically characterized in terms of total phenolic and β-glucan content. Results We observed phagocytosis or respiratory burst enhancing activity in 17 extracts, of which five species, namely Aurantiporus fissilis (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) H. Jahn ex Ryvarden, Trametes gibbosa (Pers.) Fr., Piptoporus betulinus (Bull.) P. Karst, Neolentinus lepideus (Fr.) Redhead & Ginns, Polyporus squamosus (Huds.) Fr., significantly increased phagocytosis in granulocytes by 205, 181, 158, 155 and 141%, respectively. The β-glucan content of the three most potent extracts was 58, 42 and 74 mg/g, respectively, and the polyphenol content was 155.6, 133.5 and 155.2 μmol of gallic acid equivalent/g, respectively. Some extracts showed cytotoxic activity, with higher cytotoxicity in Caco-2 than in HT-29 cells. Pycnoporus cinnabarinus (Jacq.) P. Karst. extract was cytotoxic to both cell lines, with IC50 values of 81 and 31 μg/mL, respectively. Discussion and conclusion The most promising extracts were from N. lepideus and Polyporus squamosus, which are edible species and may be considered safe. Our findings support their use as culinary preparations or food supplements for various immunological gut disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Doskocil
- a Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources , Czech University of Life Sciences Prague , Praha , Suchdol , Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Havlik
- a Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources , Czech University of Life Sciences Prague , Praha , Suchdol , Czech Republic
| | - Roberta Verlotta
- a Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources , Czech University of Life Sciences Prague , Praha , Suchdol , Czech Republic
| | - Jan Tauchen
- b Department of Crop Science and Agroforestry, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences , Czech University of Life Sciences Prague , Praha , Suchdol , Czech Republic
| | - Lucia Vesela
- a Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources , Czech University of Life Sciences Prague , Praha , Suchdol , Czech Republic
- c Department of Internal Medicine , Geriatrics and Practical Medicine, Faculty Hospital Brno , Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Macakova
- d Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove , Charles University in Prague , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic
| | - Lubomir Opletal
- d Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove , Charles University in Prague , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Kokoska
- b Department of Crop Science and Agroforestry, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences , Czech University of Life Sciences Prague , Praha , Suchdol , Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Rada
- a Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources , Czech University of Life Sciences Prague , Praha , Suchdol , Czech Republic
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Sampietro DA, Sampietro Vattuone MM, Vattuone MA. Immunomodulatory activity of Apis mellifera propolis from the North of Argentina. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2016.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Du G, Sun L, Zhao R, Du L, Song J, Zhang L, He G, Zhang Y, Zhang J. Polyphenols: Potential source of drugs for the treatment of ischaemic heart disease. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 162:23-34. [PMID: 27113411 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Polyphenols, which are naturally present in plants, have been studied for their chemical and pharmacological properties. Polyphenols have been found to exhibit various bioactivities such as antioxidant, free radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory effects, in addition to regulating the intracellular free calcium levels. These bioactivities are related to the underlying mechanisms of ischaemic heart diseases. Pharmacological studies have proven polyphenols to be effective in treating cardiovascular diseases in various ways, particularly ischaemic heart diseases. Based on their mode of action, we propose that some polyphenols can be developed as drugs to treat ischaemic heart diseases. For this purpose, a strategy to evaluate the therapeutic value of drugs for ischaemic heart diseases is needed. Despite several advances in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), the incidence of myocardial infarction and deaths due to cardiovascular diseases has not decreased markedly in China. Due to their pleiotropic properties and structural diversity, polyphenols have been of great interest in pharmacology. In the present review, we summarize the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of polyphenols reported after 2000, and we analyse the benefits or druggability of these compounds for ischaemic heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanhua Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Lan Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Lida Du
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Junke Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Guorong He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yongxiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Juntian Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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Abstract
One of the main mechanisms by which dietary flavonoids are thought to influence cardiovascular disease is via protection of the bioactivity of the endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO). Additionally, flavonoids may also interfere with the signalling cascades of inflammation and prevent overproduction of NO and its deleterious consequences in shock and ischemia-reperfusion injury. In the present paper we review the evidence of the effects of flavonoids on NO. Flavonoids exert complex actions on the synthesis and bioavailability of NO which may result both in enhanced or decreased NO levels: (1) in cell free systems, several flavonoids may scavenge NO via its pro-oxidant properties by increasing superoxide. However, under conditions of oxidative stress, flavonoids may also protect NO from superoxide-driven inactivation. (2) In intact healthy tissues, some flavonoids increase eNOS activity in endothelial cells. Paradoxically this effect involves a pro-oxidant effect which results in Ca(2+)-dependent activation of eNOS. As inhibitors of PI3K, flavonoids may potentially inhibit the PI3K/Akt-dependent activation of eNOS. (3) Under conditions of inflammation and oxidative stress, flavonoids may prevent the inflammatory signalling cascades via inhibition of NFκB and thereby downregulate iNOS. On the other hand, they also prevent the overexpression of ROS generating enzymes, reducing superoxide and peroxynitrite levels, and hence preventing superoxide-induced NO inactivation and eNOS uncoupling. Therefore, the final effect of flavonoids on NO levels will depend on the flavonoid structure and the concentrations used, on the cell type under study and particularly on the presence of inflammatory/oxidative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Duarte
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
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Koval’skii IV, Krasnyuk II, Krasnyuk II, Nikulina OI, Belyatskaya AV, Kharitonov YY, Feldman NB, Lutsenko SV. Mechanisms of Rutin Pharmacological Action (Review). Pharm Chem J 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-014-1050-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Weseler AR, Bast A. Pleiotropic-acting nutrients require integrative investigational approaches: the example of flavonoids. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:8941-8946. [PMID: 22455609 DOI: 10.1021/jf3000373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Assessment of the health effects of dietary interventions in humans poses a particular challenge to nutritional and clinical scientists. In contrast to drugs possessing a well-defined molecular mechanism of action, food-derived components act in subtle and pleiotropic ways by nature. Moreover, dietary compounds are mainly not intended to cure a disease but to prevent or beneficially affect situations when the physiology gets slightly out of homeostasis. By the example of a recent clinical pilot study, this paper illustrates an endeavor to find new strategies for the detection of health effects of flavonoids in the human vasculature. Integration of a meticulously selected cluster of relevant biomarkers eventually enabled the beneficial vascular health effects of flavonoids to be revealed. A critical appraisal of this approach for the future is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje R Weseler
- Department of Toxicology, Maastricht University , P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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9
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Flavonols and cardiovascular disease. Mol Aspects Med 2010; 31:478-94. [PMID: 20837053 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2010.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2010] [Revised: 09/02/2010] [Accepted: 09/02/2010] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Flavonols, and specially quercetin, are widely distributed in plants and are present in considerable amounts in fruits and vegetables. In addition to their anti-oxidant effect, flavonols interfere with a large number of biochemical signaling pathways and, therefore, physiological and pathological processes. There is solid evidence that, in vitro, quercetin and related flavonols exert endothelium-independent vasodilator effects, protective effect on nitric oxide and endothelial function under conditions of oxidative stress, platelet antiaggregant effects, inhibition of LDL oxidation, reduction of adhesion molecules and other inflammatory markers and prevention of neuronal oxidative and inflammatory damage. The metabolites of quercetin show partial protective effects on endothelial function and LDL oxidation. Quercetin produces undisputed antihypertensive and antiatherogenic effects, prevents endothelial dysfunction and protects the myocardium from ischemic damage. It has no clear effects on serum lipid profile and on insulin resistance. Human intervention trials with isolated flavonols demonstrate an antihypertensive effect. The meta-analysis of epidemiological studies show an inverse association between flavonol (together with flavone) intake and coronary heart disease and stroke. Therefore, although there is no solid proof yet, a substantial body of evidence suggests that quercetin may prevent the most common forms of cardiovascular disease contributing to the protective effects afforded by fruits and vegetables.
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10
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Chung S, Yao H, Caito S, Hwang JW, Arunachalam G, Rahman I. Regulation of SIRT1 in cellular functions: role of polyphenols. Arch Biochem Biophys 2010; 501:79-90. [PMID: 20450879 PMCID: PMC2930135 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2010.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 474] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2010] [Revised: 04/24/2010] [Accepted: 05/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is known to deacetylate histones and non-histone proteins including transcription factors thereby regulating metabolism, stress resistance, cellular survival, cellular senescence/aging, inflammation-immune function, endothelial functions, and circadian rhythms. Naturally occurring dietary polyphenols, such as resveratrol, curcumin, quercetin, and catechins, have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties via modulating different pathways, such as NF-kappaB- and mitogen activated protein kinase-dependent signaling pathways. In addition, these polyphenols have also been shown to activate SIRT1 directly or indirectly in a variety of models. Therefore, activation of SIRT1 by polyphenols is beneficial for regulation of calorie restriction, oxidative stress, inflammation, cellular senescence, autophagy/apoptosis, autoimmunity, metabolism, adipogenesis, circadian rhythm, skeletal muscle function, mitochondria biogenesis and endothelial dysfunction. In this review, we describe the regulation of SIRT1 by dietary polyphenols in various cellular functions in response to environmental and pro-inflammatory stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangwoon Chung
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
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11
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Metwally AM, Omar AA, Harraz FM, El Sohafy SM. Phytochemical investigation and antimicrobial activity of Psidium guajava L. leaves. Pharmacogn Mag 2010; 6:212-8. [PMID: 20931082 PMCID: PMC2950385 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.66939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2010] [Revised: 01/23/2010] [Accepted: 07/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Psidium guajava L. leaves were subjected to extraction, fractionation and isolation of the flavonoidal compounds. Five flavonoidal compounds were isolated which are quercetin, quercetin-3-O-α-L-arabinofuranoside, quercetin-3-O-β-D-arabinopyranoside, quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucoside and quercetin-3-O-β-D-galactoside. Quercetin-3-O-β-D-arabinopyranoside was isolated for the first time from the leaves. Fractions together with the isolates were tested for their antimicrobial activity. The antimicrobial studies showed good activities for the extracts and the isolated compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Metwally
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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12
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Ginsburg I, Sadovnik M, Sallon S, Milo-Goldzweig I, Mechoulam R, Breuer A, Gibbs D, Varani J, Roberts S, Cleator E, Singh N. PADMA-28, a traditional tibetan herbal preparation inhibits the respiratory burst in human neutrophils, the killing of epithelial cells by mixtures of oxidants and pro-inflammatory agonists and peroxidation of lipids. Inflammopharmacology 2010; 7:47-62. [PMID: 17657446 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-999-0025-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/1998] [Revised: 01/06/1999] [Accepted: 01/07/1999] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Both aqueous and methanolic fractions derived from the Tibetan preparation PADMA-28 (a mixture of 22 plants) used as an anti-atherosclerotic agent, and which is non-cytolytic to a variety of mammalian cells, were found to strongly inhibit (1) the killing of epithelial cells in culture induced by 'cocktails' comprising oxidants, membrane perforating agents and proteinases; (2) the generation of luminol-dependent chemiluminescence in human neutrophils stimulated by opsonized bacteria; (3) the peroxidation of intralipid (a preparation rich in phopholipids) induced in the presence of copper; and (4) the activity of neutrophil elastase. It is proposed that PADMA-28 might prove beneficial for the prevention of cell damage induced by synergism among pro-inflammatory agonists which is central in the initiation of tissue destruction in inflammatory and infectious conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Ginsburg
- Department of Oral Biology, Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
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Tamura M, Nakagawa H, Tsushida T, Hirayama K, Itoh K. Effect of pectin enhancement on plasma quercetin and fecal flora in rutin-supplemented mice. J Food Sci 2008; 72:S648-51. [PMID: 18034749 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2007.00557.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Few reports have considered the effects of dietary fiber on plasma quercetin and the intestinal flora. We investigated the effects of pectin on the plasma and fecal flora of mice fed a diet supplemented with the quercetin glycoside rutin. Male mice were randomly divided into 2 groups, which were fed a pectin-rutin (PR) or cellulose-rutin (CR) diet for 14 d. Plasma quercetin and isorhamnetin metabolites were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. Feces were immediately processed with bacteriological procedures. The fecal flora was investigated. Plasma quercetin and isorhamnetin concentrations were significantly higher in the PR diet group, as was the plasma isorhamnetin/quercetin ratio. The composition of the intestinal flora differed between the 2 dietary groups. The total number of fecal bacteria was significantly larger in the PR group, in which most types of bacteria were more abundant, with the exceptions of bifidobacteria, fusiform-shaped bacteria, and staphylococci. The lower gut seemed to be the major absorption site for rutin. Pectin might thus enhance the bioavailability of quercetin from rutin by altering the metabolic activity of the intestinal flora and/or gut physiological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tamura
- Natl. Food Research Inst., Tsukuba 305-8642, Japan.
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14
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Hwang TL, Yeh SH, Leu YL, Chern CY, Hsu HC. Inhibition of superoxide anion and elastase release in human neutrophils by 3'-isopropoxychalcone via a cAMP-dependent pathway. Br J Pharmacol 2007; 148:78-87. [PMID: 16501579 PMCID: PMC1617051 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0706712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
1 Chalcone is abundantly present in the plant kingdom and has various biological activities such as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant. In this study, the semisynthetic chalcone derivative, 3'-isopropoxychalcone (H2O7D), was demonstrated to inhibit the generation of superoxide and the release of elastase, as well as to accelerate resequestration of cytosolic calcium in formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine-activated human neutrophils. 2 H2O7D displayed no antioxidant or superoxide-scavenging ability, and it failed to alter the subcellular NADPH oxidase activity. 3 H2O7D induced a substantial increase in cAMP but not cGMP levels. The elevation of cAMP formation by H2O7D was inhibited by adenosine deaminase (ADA). Furthermore, The inhibitory effects of H2O7D were reversed by protein kinase (PK)A inhibitors, as well as ADA and a selective A2a-receptor antagonist. 4 H2O7D inhibited phosphodiesterase (PDE) activities, but it did not alter adenylyl cyclase and soluble guanylyl cyclase activities. These results show that the cAMP-elevating effect of H2O7D results from the inhibition of PDE activity and not from the stimulation of cyclase function. Consistent with this, H2O7D potentiated the PGE(1)-caused inhibitory effects and cAMP formation. 5 In summary, these results indicate that the inhibitory effect of H2O7D is cAMP/PKA dependent, and that it occurs through inhibition of cAMP PDE, which potentiates the autocrine functions of endogenous adenosine. Inhibition of respiratory burst and degranulation in human neutrophils may give this drug the potential to protect against the progression of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsong-Long Hwang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
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15
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Moreira MR, Kanashiro A, Kabeya LM, Polizello ACM, Azzolini AECS, Curti C, Oliveira CA, T-do Amaral A, Lucisano-Valim YM. Neutrophil effector functions triggered by Fc-gamma and/or complement receptors are dependent on B-ring hydroxylation pattern and physicochemical properties of flavonols. Life Sci 2007; 81:317-26. [PMID: 17610907 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2007.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2007] [Revised: 05/10/2007] [Accepted: 05/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tissue damage in autoimmune diseases involves excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) triggered by immune complexes (IC) and neutrophil (PMN) interactions via receptors for the Fc portion of IgG (FcgammaR) and complement receptors (CR). Modulation of both the effector potential of these receptors and ROS generation may be relevant to the maintenance of body homeostasis. In the present study, the modulatory effect of four flavonols (myricetin, quercetin, kaempferol, galangin) on rabbit PMN oxidative metabolism, specifically stimulated via FcgammaR, CR or both classes of receptors, was evaluated by luminol- and lucigenin-dependent chemiluminescence assays. Results showed that flavonol inhibitory effect was not dependent on the cell membrane receptor class stimulated but related to the lipophilicity of the compounds (their apparent partition coefficient values were obtained by high-performance liquid chromatography), and was also inversely related to the number of hydroxyl groups in the flavonol B ring and the ROS-scavenger activity (assessed by the luminol--H2O2--horseradish peroxidase reaction). Under the experimental conditions the flavonols tested were not toxic to PMNs (evaluated by lactate dehydrogenase release and trypan blue exclusion) and did not interfere with IC-induced phagocytosis (evaluated by transmission electron microscopy). Our results suggested that inhibition of IC-stimulated PMNs effector functions by the flavonols tested herein was the result of cooperation of different cellular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirian R Moreira
- Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Café s/n, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil
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Khaled KA, El-Sayed YM. HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHIC ASSAY FOR THE DETERMINATION OF QUERCETIN IN PLASMA. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-100101464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khaled A. Khaled
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy , King Saud University , P. O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousry M. El-Sayed
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy , King Saud University , P. O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Ahmad S, Israf DA, Lajis NH, Shaari K, Mohamed H, Wahab AA, Ariffin KT, Hoo WY, Aziz NA, Kadir AA, Sulaiman MR, Somchit MN. Cardamonin, inhibits pro-inflammatory mediators in activated RAW 264.7 cells and whole blood. Eur J Pharmacol 2006; 538:188-94. [PMID: 16650843 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.03.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2006] [Revised: 03/29/2006] [Accepted: 03/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Some chalcones, such as hydroxychalcones have been reported previously to inhibit major pro-inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and reactive oxygen species production by suppressing inducible enzyme expression via inhibition of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and nuclear translocation of critical transcription factors. In this report, the effects of cardamonin (2',4'-dihydroxy-6'-methoxychalcone), a chalcone that we have previously isolated from Alpinia rafflesiana, was evaluated upon two cellular systems that are repeatedly used in the analysis of anti-inflammatory bioactive compounds namely RAW 264.7 cells and whole blood. Cardamonin inhibited NO and PGE(2) production from lipopolysaccharide- and interferon-gamma-induced RAW cells and whole blood with IC(50) values of 11.4 microM and 26.8 microM, respectively. Analysis of thromboxane B(2) (TxB(2)) secretion from whole blood either stimulated via the COX-1 or COX-2 pathway revealed that cardamonin inhibits the generation of TxB(2) via both pathways with IC(50) values of 2.9 and 1.1 microM, respectively. Analysis of IC(50) ratios determined that cardamonin was more COX-2 selective in its inhibition of TxB(2) with a ratio of 0.39. Cardamonin also inhibited the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species and secretion of TNF-alpha from RAW 264.7 cells in a dose responsive manner with IC(50) values of 12.8 microM and 4.6 microM, respectively. However, cardamonin was a moderate inhibitor of lipoxygenase activity when tested in an enzymatic assay system, in which not a single concentration tested was able to cause an inhibition of more than 50%. Our results suggest that cardamonin acts upon major pro-inflammatory mediators in a similar fashion as described by previous work on other closely related synthetic hydroxychalcones and strengthens the conclusion of the importance of the methoxyl moiety substitution on the 4' or 6' locations of the A benzene ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syahida Ahmad
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
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18
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Nair MP, Mahajan S, Reynolds JL, Aalinkeel R, Nair H, Schwartz SA, Kandaswami C. The flavonoid quercetin inhibits proinflammatory cytokine (tumor necrosis factor alpha) gene expression in normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells via modulation of the NF-kappa beta system. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2006; 13:319-28. [PMID: 16522772 PMCID: PMC1391952 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.13.3.319-328.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2005] [Revised: 08/11/2005] [Accepted: 01/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The flavonoids comprise a large class of low-molecular-weight plant metabolites ubiquitously distributed in food plants. These dietary antioxidants exert significant antitumor, antiallergic, and anti-inflammatory effects. The molecular mechanisms of their biological effects remain to be clearly understood. We investigated the anti-inflammatory potentials of a safe, common dietary flavonoid component, quercetin, for its ability to modulate the production and gene expression of the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Our results showed that quercetin significantly inhibited TNF-alpha production and gene expression in a dose-dependent manner. Our results provide direct evidence of the anti-inflammatory effects of quercetin by PBMC, which are mediated by the inhibition of the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha via modulation of NF-kappabeta1 and Ikappabeta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhavan P Nair
- Department of Medicine and Microbiology, Kaleida Health System, Buffalo General Hospital, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA.
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Schültke E, Kamencic H, Zhao M, Tian GF, Baker AJ, Griebel RW, Juurlink BHJ. Neuroprotection following Fluid Percussion Brain Trauma: A Pilot Study Using Quercetin. J Neurotrauma 2005; 22:1475-84. [PMID: 16379584 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2005.22.1475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we were able to demonstrate the neuroprotective effect of quercetin in an animal model of acute traumatic spinal cord injury. The objective of the present study was to determine whether any neuroprotective effect is seen when quercetin is administered in an animal model of traumatic brain injury. Twenty-six adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were submitted to moderate fluid percussion injury in the anterior midline position. Animals were divided into two experimental groups: one group received 25 mumol/kg quercetin starting 1 h after injury, while animals in the second group received saline vehicle (n = 13 per group). Eight animals were used as uninjured healthy controls. Eight animals in each experimental group were sacrificed at 24 h, while five animals per group were allowed to recover for 72 h following injury. Compound action potential amplitudes (CAPAs) were recorded on 400-microm vibrotome sections of the corpus callosum superfused with oxygenated artificial CSF (n = 3 per animal) in 20 experimental animals and five healthy controls. Three brains from animals in each experimental group and healthy controls were used for histological, immunocytochemical and biochemical analysis after sacrifice at 24 h. CAPAs in uninjured animals had a mean of 1.12 mV. This decreased to 0.55 mV in saline vehicle-treated injured animals by 24 h and changed little over the next 3 days. CAPAs were significantly better at 0.82 mV at 24 h and 0.76 mV at 3 days in quercetin-treated injured animals when compared to injured saline vehicle controls. Quercetin significantly prevented decrease of glutathione levels and decreased myeloperoxidase activity. We conclude that this dietary flavonoid has therapeutic potential following brain trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Schültke
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology, and Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
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20
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Pechánová O, Bernátová I, Babál P, Martínez MC, Kyselá S, Stvrtina S, Andriantsitohaina R. Red wine polyphenols prevent cardiovascular alterations in L-NAME-induced hypertension. J Hypertens 2005; 22:1551-9. [PMID: 15257179 DOI: 10.1097/01.hjh.0000133734.32125.c7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Red wine polyphenols have been reported to possess beneficial properties for preventing cardiovascular diseases but their effects on hemodynamic and functional cardiovascular changes during inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis have not been elucidated. DESIGN The effects of the red wine polyphenols, Provinols, on arterial hypertension as well as left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy, myocardial fibrosis and vascular remodeling were investigated in rats during chronic inhibition of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity. Rats were divided into four groups: a control group, a group treated with N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) (40 mg/kg per day), a group receiving Provinols (40 mg/kg per day) alone or Provinols plus L-NAME. RESULTS Provinols markedly reduced the increase in both blood pressure and protein synthesis in the heart and aorta caused by chronic inhibition of NO synthesis. Provinols reduced myocardial fibrosis even though it did not affect LV hypertrophy. In addition, Provinols prevented aortic thickening and corrected the augmented reactivity of the aorta to norepinephrine and the attenuated endothelium-dependent relaxation to acetylcholine in NO-deficient rats. These alterations were associated with an increase of NOS activity, a moderate enhancement of endothelial NOS expression and a reduction of oxidative stress in the LV and aorta. CONCLUSION Our results provide evidence that Provinols partially prevents L-NAME-induced hypertension, cardiovascular remodeling and vascular dysfunction via the increase of NO-synthase activity and prevention of oxidative stress. Thus, the beneficial effects of plant polyphenols in prevention of hypertension may result from their complex influence on the NO balance in the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Pechánová
- Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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Ban HS, Suzuki K, Lim SS, Jung SH, Lee S, Ji J, Lee HS, Lee YS, Shin KH, Ohuchi K. Inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and tumor necrosis factor-alpha by 2'-hydroxychalcone derivatives in RAW 264.7 cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2004; 67:1549-57. [PMID: 15041472 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2003.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2003] [Accepted: 12/16/2003] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In cultures of the murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7, effects of four 2'-hydroxychalcone derivatives, 2'-hydroxy-4'-methoxychalcone (compound 1), 2',4-dihydroxy-4'-methoxychalcone (compound 2), 2',4-dihydroxy-6'-methoxychalcone (compound 3) and 2'-hydroxy-4,4'-dimethoxychalcone (compound 4), on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of nitric oxide (NO) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha were examined. Compounds 1, 2 and 3 at 3-30microM inhibited the production with almost the same potency. Compound 4 showed no inhibitory activity. Compounds 1, 2 and 3 at 3-30microM inhibited the LPS-induced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and TNF-alpha mRNA. To clarify the mechanism involved, effects of compounds 1, 2 and 3 on the activation of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB and activator protein-1 (AP-1) were examined. Both the LPS-induced activation of NF-kappaB and AP-1 were blocked by compounds 1, 2 and 3 at 3-30microM. Moreover, the three compounds at such concentrations inhibited the LPS-induced IkappaB degradation and the phosphorylation of c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and c-jun. These findings suggest that the inhibition of the LPS-induced production of NO and TNF-alpha by the 2'-hydroxychalcone derivatives is due to the inhibition of NF-kappaB and AP-1 activations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Seung Ban
- Laboratory of Pathophysiological Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
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22
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HIROTA S, TAKAHAMA U, ANSAI T, YOSHITAMA K. Oxydation of Quercetin by Salivary Components II. Effects of Quercetin on Reactive Oxygen Metabolism by Salivary Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2002. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.8.276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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23
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Melzig MF, Pertz HH, Krenn L. Anti-inflammatory and spasmolytic activity of extracts from Droserae herba. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2001; 8:225-229. [PMID: 11417917 DOI: 10.1078/0944-7113-00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
An ethanolic extract of Drosera madagascariensis inhibited human neutrophil elastase with an IC50 of 9.4 microg/ml. The naphthoquinones present in the extract were not responsible for this effect, but flavonoids like quercetin (IC50 0.8 microg/ml), hyperoside (IC50 0.15 microg/ml) and isoquercitrin (IC50 0.7 microg/ml) contributed to inhibition of the enzyme. In guinea-pig ileum the extract (0.5-1 mg/ml) induced a spasmolytic effect via affecting cholinergic M3 receptors and histamine H1 receptors, respectively. At contractile prostanoid receptors of guinea-pig trachea the Drosera extract was not effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Melzig
- Institut für Pharmazie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany.
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24
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Ielpo MT, Basile A, Miranda R, Moscatiello V, Nappo C, Sorbo S, Laghi E, Ricciardi MM, Ricciardi L, Vuotto ML. Immunopharmacological properties of flavonoids. Fitoterapia 2000; 71 Suppl 1:S101-9. [PMID: 10930720 DOI: 10.1016/s0367-326x(00)00184-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The flavonoids are a heterogeneous group of ubiquitous plant polyphenols that abound in the human diet and are endowed with several biological activities, including immunomodulating and antioxidant activities. The bioactivity of flavonoids is tightly correlated with their chemical structure and action mechanisms, mostly inhibitory, on enzymatic systems involved in cellular activation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of acetonic extracts from Lunularia cruciata gametophytes and Feijoa sellowiana fruits on human phagocyte functions. A purified native flavonoid, a catechin, and two of its derivatives were also tested. The extract, and its flavonoid activity, was evaluated by analyzing luminol-dependent chemiluminescence emitted by human circulating phagocytes, at rest or activated by phorbol miristate acetate (PMA). The results demonstrate that both the raw extracts and flavonoids significantly inhibit CL emission by leukocytes, especially when these cells are activated by PMA. The antioxidant activity of flavonoids can be increased by changing the chemical structure of the native molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Ielpo
- Istituto di Patologia Generale e Oncologia, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Larghetto S., Aniello a Caponapoli, 2, Napoli, Italy
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25
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TAMURA M, SUZUKI H, SHINOHARA K. Effects of Intestinal Microflora on the Bioavailability of Dietary Quercetin in Adult Mice. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2000. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.6.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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26
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27
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Gerritsen ME. Flavonoids: inhibitors of cytokine induced gene expression. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1998; 439:183-90. [PMID: 9781304 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-5335-9_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M E Gerritsen
- Bayer Corporation, Pharmaceutical Division, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, USA
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28
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Sandoval M, Ronzio RA, Muanza DN, Clark DA, Miller MJ. Peroxynitrite-induced apoptosis in epithelial (T84) and macrophage (RAW 264.7) cell lines: effect of legume-derived polyphenols (phytolens). Nitric Oxide 1998; 1:476-83. [PMID: 9466953 DOI: 10.1006/niox.1997.0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Peroxynitrite (ONOO-) has been proposed as a mediator of gut inflammation and as an inducer of cell death by apoptosis. Phytolens (PHY), a water-soluble extract of polyphenolic antioxidants from nonsoy legumes (Biotics Research Corp, patent pending), was evaluated as a cytoprotective agent in human colonic (T84) and murine macrophage (RAW 264.7) cell lines. In the antioxidant testing, PHY showed a significant free radical scavenging ability against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) and superoxide (O2.) radicals with an IC50 of 4.44 and 5.87 microg/ml against DPPH and O2., respectively. Apoptosis (DNA fragmentation) was measured by an ELISA technique. Cells were exposed to oxidative stress by treating them with peroxynitrite (100-300 microM) for 4 h in the presence and absence of PHY. Peroxynitrite elicited a dose-dependent increase in DNA fragmentation in both cell lines compared to the control group receiving decomposed ONOO-. PHY (10, 30, or 50 microg/ml) significantly attenuated the degree of apoptosis in T84 cells induced by ONOO- (P < 0.05). PHY (10-100 microg/ml) did not directly affect T84 cell viability or induce apoptosis after 4 h or overnight exposure. RAW 264.7 cells exposed to PHY alone (>30 microg/ml) for 4 h displayed decreased cell viability (P < 0.05) and increased apoptosis (P < 0.05). Phytolens may have beneficial effects on inflammation by attenuating peroxynitrite-induced apoptosis. The sparing of epithelial cells while compromising the viability of macrophages suggests that PHY may be beneficial in autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sandoval
- Department of Pediatrics and Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Medical Center, New Orleans, USA
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29
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Tijburg LB, Mattern T, Folts JD, Weisgerber UM, Katan MB. Tea flavonoids and cardiovascular disease: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 1997; 37:771-85. [PMID: 9447275 DOI: 10.1080/10408399709527802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L B Tijburg
- Unilever Research Laboratorium, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands
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30
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Meloni F, Ballabio P, Gorrini M, De Amici M, Marena C, Malandrino S, Luisetti M. Effects of 3'-hydroxyfarrerol (IdB 1031), a novel flavonoid agent, on phagocyte products. Inflammation 1995; 19:689-99. [PMID: 8595935 DOI: 10.1007/bf01534572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The novel flavonoid compound 3'-hydroxyfarrerol (IdB 1031) was tested in a number of in vitro experiments in order to ascertain its effects on some functions and products of human phagocytes. We found that IdB 1031 did not depress neutrophil phagocytosis and chemotaxis, whereas at a concentration of 10(-4) M it significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the fMLP-triggered neutrophil production of superoxide anion. At the same concentration, the compound decreased the release of neutrophil elastase and myeloperoxidase from neutrophils (p < 0.05). We also found evidence that IdB 1031 is a non competitive, reversible inhibitor of human neutrophil elastase (Ki 200 microns). Finally, IdB 1031 at the concentration of 10(-5) M significantly reduced the release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-8 from monocytes (p < 0.05). We conclude that, in spite of the moderate activity displayed by IdB 1031, these findings add to our current knowledge on the spectrum of the antiinflammatory activities of flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Meloni
- Istituto di Tisiologia e Malattie Respiratorie, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Università di Pavia, Italy
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Abstract
The French paradox is a dietary anomaly which has focused attention on the Mediterranean diet. Epidemiological studies revealed that this diet, replete in flavonoid-rich foods (Allium and Brassica vegetables, and red wine), correlated with the increased longevity and decreased incidence of cardiovascular disease seen in these populations. The most frequently studied flavonoid, quercetin, has been shown to have biological properties consistent with its sparing effect on the cardiovascular system. Quercetin and other flavonoids have been shown to modify eicosanoid biosynthesis (antiprostanoid and anti-inflammatory responses), protect low-density lipoprotein from oxidation (prevent atherosclerotic plaque formation), prevent platelet aggregation (antithrombic effects), and promote relaxation of cardiovascular smooth muscle (antihypertensive, antiarrhythmic effects). In addition, flavonoids have been shown to have antiviral and carcinostatic properties. However, flavonoids are poorly absorbed from the gut and are subject to degradation by intestinal micro-organisms. The amount of quercetin that remains biologically available may not be of sufficient concentration, theoretically, to explain the beneficial effects seen with the Mediterranean diet. The role of flavonoids may transcend their presence in food. The activity of flavonoids as inhibitors of reverse transcriptase suggests a place for these compounds in the control of retrovirus infections, such as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). In addition to specific effects, the broad-modulating effects of flavonoids as antioxidants, inhibitors of ubiquitous enzymes (ornithine carboxylase, protein kinase, calmodulin), and promoters of vasodilatation and platelet disaggregation can serve as starting material for drug development programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J V Formica
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond 23298-0678, USA
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32
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Liu B, Anderson D, Ferry DR, Seymour LW, de Takats PG, Kerr DJ. Determination of quercetin in human plasma using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS 1995; 666:149-55. [PMID: 7655613 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(94)00549-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A method is reported for the measurement of quercetin in human plasma using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Quercetin and kaempferol (as internal standard) were spiked into plasma samples and extracted using C18 Sep-Pak Light cartridges (efficiency > 85%). Flavonoids were eluted with aqueous acetone (50% v/v, pH 3.5), dried down and redissolved in aqueous acetone (45% v/v, pH 3.5). The increased osmolarity promoted a phase separation and the water-saturated acetone layer, containing the flavonoids, was analysed by HPLC with aqueous acetone mobile phase (45% v/v acetone in 250 mM sodium dihydrogen sulphate. The mixture was adjusted to pH 3.5 with phosphoric acid and used at a flow-rate of 1.0 ml/min) and mu Bondapak C18 column (150 x 3.9 mm I.D., 10 microns particle size). The detection limit (A375 nm) for quercetin in plasma was 0.1 microgram/ml (300 nM). The method also detects metabolites of quercetin, although these are not yet identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Liu
- CRC Institute for Cancer Studies, University of Birmingham School of Medicine, Edgbaston, UK
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Hanasaki Y, Ogawa S, Fukui S. The correlation between active oxygens scavenging and antioxidative effects of flavonoids. Free Radic Biol Med 1994; 16:845-50. [PMID: 8070690 DOI: 10.1016/0891-5849(94)90202-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 609] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The abilities of 15 flavonoids as a scavenger of active oxygens (hydroxyl radical and superoxide anion) were studied. Hydroxyl radical (.OH) was generated by the Fenton system, and assayed by the determination of methanesulfonic acid (MSA) formed from the reaction of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) with .OH. (+)-Catechin, (-)-epicatechin, 7,8-dihydroxy flavone, and rutin showed the .OH scavenging effect 100-300 times superior to that of mannitol, a typical .OH scavenger. The other flavonoids showed no .OH scavenging effect at their concentrations up to 50 microM. Baicalein, quercetin, morin, and myricetin unexpectedly increased the .OH production in the Fenton system. The flavonoids tested now, except monohydroxy flavones, were more or less inhibitive to the superoxide anion (O2) generation in the hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase system. A great part of this inhibitory effect was likely owing to suppression of xanthine oxidase activity by the flavonoids. The flavonoids, which scavenged .OH or O2-, were necessarily antioxidants to the peroxidation of methyl linoleate. However, there was a type of flavonoid such as morin, which have neither .OH nor O2- scavenging effect, but was a strong antioxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Hanasaki
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Japan
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Ursini F, Maiorino M, Morazzoni P, Roveri A, Pifferi G. A novel antioxidant flavonoid (IdB 1031) affecting molecular mechanisms of cellular activation. Free Radic Biol Med 1994; 16:547-53. [PMID: 8026797 DOI: 10.1016/0891-5849(94)90054-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In searching for new drug candidates which could help bridge the gaps between free radical oxidations, pathophysiological responses, and pharmacological treatment, a series of flavonoids was screened. The most interesting compound emerging from this screening, the flavone 3'-hydroxyfarrerol (IdB 1031), is presented in this article. This compound is a good inhibitor of microsomal lipid peroxidation induced by either iron-adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP) or carbon tetrachloride. The elevated rate constant for the interaction with peroxyl radicals, analysed by the kinetics of inhibition of crocin bleaching in the presence of a diazo initiator, gives an account for the observed antioxidant capacity. When tested on human neutrophils activated by fMLP, IdB 1031 inhibits (ID50:20 microM) respiratory burst. This effect, which is possibly linked to the observed inhibition of protein-kinase C (ID50:50 microM), seems rather specific since IdB 1031 does not inhibit tyr-kinases and casein-kinase-2, while Quercetin and other flavonoids inhibit unspecifically all these enzymes. These effects, as a whole, depict this compound as a drug candidate for diseases in which peroxidative damage is associated with the induction of inflammatory responses and specifically with activation of a respiratory burst of leucocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ursini
- Department of Chemical Science and Technology, University of Udine, Italy
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35
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High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of naturally occurring flavonoids in Citrus with a photodiode-array detector. J Chromatogr A 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(94)89051-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kandaswami C, Middleton E. Free radical scavenging and antioxidant activity of plant flavonoids. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1994; 366:351-76. [PMID: 7771265 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-1833-4_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C Kandaswami
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, Buffalo 14203, USA
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Limasset B, le Doucen C, Dore JC, Ojasoo T, Damon M, Crastes de Paulet A. Effects of flavonoids on the release of reactive oxygen species by stimulated human neutrophils. Multivariate analysis of structure-activity relationships (SAR). Biochem Pharmacol 1993; 46:1257-71. [PMID: 8216378 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(93)90476-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
In the present study we measured the inhibition by 34 compounds, either flavonoids or related substances, of the release of reactive oxygen species by human neutrophils after stimulation by three agents: the bacterial peptide N-fMetLeuPhe (FMLP), the protein kinase C activator phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) or opsonized zymosan (OZ), using two chemiluminescent probes, lucigenin or luminol in the presence or absence of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). The data matrix (34 x 7) was submitted to multivariate analysis: first, a correspondence factorial analysis to uncover levels of correlation among the biochemical parameters and the specificity of action of the test-compounds and second, a minimum spanning tree analysis that classified the chemical structures into a network describing both specificity and amplitude of the inhibition of the chemiluminescence response. The major conclusions of the analyses were: (a) opposition between inhibition of poly-morphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) stimulated by FMLP and of PMNs stimulated by PMA or OZ implying that, for the molecules under study, there was a fundamental difference in the manner in which this inhibition occurred and, conversely, a difference in the nature of the stimulatory action of these activators. Molecules lacking hydroxyl groups on ring B, i.e. chrysin, chalcone, flavone and galangin, molecules glycosylated in position 7, i.e. hesperidin and naringin and ring B mono-hydroxylated molecules were, for the most part, at the origin of this dichotomy and might interfere with the membrane FMLP receptor; (b) a marked difference in chemiluminescence inhibition in the presence or absence of HRP that can be explained by the differential action of catechins compared to flavone and flavonol derivatives; (c) a similarity in biological profile between non-flavonoids such as chalcone and phloretin and low mean-activity flavonoids such as chrysin and galangin and between the non-flavonoid curcumin and the highly active flavonoid isorhamnetin; (d) a reaffirmation of the importance of ring A (C5,7) and ring B (C3',4') dihydroxylation, ring C (C3) hydroxylation, but also of the presence of a methoxy group on ring B in engendering high potency. This potency is generally decreased by C2-C3 saturation and by glycosylation. The most active molecules identified in this study provide valuable information for the selection of simpler molecules (e.g. metabolites accounting for the potency of orally administered flavonoids) for further structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies that could lead to the design of novel drugs or prodrugs.
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Abstract
No doubt can remain that the flavonoids have profound effects on the function of immune and inflammatory cells as determined by a large number and variety of in vitro and some in vivo observations. That these ubiquitous dietary chemicals may have significant in vivo effects on homeostasis within the immune system and on the behavior of secondary cell systems comprising the inflammatory response seems highly likely but more work is required to strengthen this hypothesis. Ample evidence indicates that selected flavonoids, depending on structure, can affect (usually inhibit) secretory processes, mitogenesis, and cell-cell interactions including possible effects on adhesion molecule expression and function. The possible action of flavonoids on the function of cytoskeletal elements is suggested by their effects on secretory processes. Moreover, evidence indicates that certain flavonoids may affect gene expression and the elaboration and effects of cytokines and cytokine receptors. How all of these effects are mediated is not yet clear but one important mechanism may be the capacity of flavonoids to stimulate or inhibit protein phosphorylation and thereby regulate cell function. Perhaps the counterbalancing effect of cellular protein tyrosine phosphatases will also be found to be affected by flavonoids. Some flavonoid effects can certainly be attributed to their recognized antioxidant and radical scavenging properties. A potential mechanism of action that requires scrutiny, particularly in relation to enzyme inhibition, is the redox activity of appropriately configured flavonoids. Finally, in a number of cell systems it seems that resting cells are not affected significantly by flavonoids but once a cell becomes activated by a physiological stimulus a flavonoid-sensitive substance is generated and interaction of flavonoids with that substance dramatically alters the outcome of the activation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Middleton
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York, Buffalo 14203
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Kenny MT, Balistreri FJ, Torney HL. Flavonoid modulation of murine neutrophil cytokinesis. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 1990; 12:527-41. [PMID: 2266233 DOI: 10.3109/08923979009006476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are known to produce a wide range of immunomodulatory effects. In this study, flavone and six hydroxylated analogues were examined for their effect on the FMLP-directed and the random migration of murine peritoneal exudate neutrophils. Flavone significantly (p less than 0.01) inhibits both directed and random migration at an assay concentration of 100 microM. In contrast, fisetin, kaempferol, chrysin, flavonol, morin and quercetin (in decreasing order of activity) significantly (p less than 0.05 to less than 0.01) enhance both directed and random migration at concentrations of 1.0 to 100 microM. Hydrophobicity does not appear to play a key role in the observed compound activity but the number and position of the hydroxyl substitutions might be important. In addition, the [Ca++] modulator chlorpromazine was found to significantly (10 microM; p less than 0.01) inhibit fisetin-enhanced FMLP-directed migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Kenny
- MerrellDow Research Institute, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268-0460
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Marak GE, de Kozak Y, Faure JP. Free radicals and antioxidants in the pathogenesis of eye diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1990; 264:513-27. [PMID: 2244534 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-5730-8_78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
There is fairly convincing evidence that free radical mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of cataracts and uveitis and that antioxidants may be protective. Studies on retinal degeneration are almost entirely limited to dietary manipulation of vitamins C and D. Unfortunately, antioxidant properties are not easily isolated from other metabolic effects of vitamins. Cataracts, uveitis, and retinal degeneration cause nearly one-third of all blindness. The evidence that free radical mechanisms are important in the pathogenesis of these diseases is compelling incentive to encourage more extensive and detailed investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G E Marak
- Center for Sight, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
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'T Hart BA, Ip Via Ching TR, Van Dijk H, Labadie RP. How flavonoids inhibit the generation of luminol-dependent chemiluminescence by activated human neutrophils. Chem Biol Interact 1990; 73:323-35. [PMID: 2155715 DOI: 10.1016/0009-2797(90)90012-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism by which (a panel of) flanonoids inhibit the production of luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (CLlum) by activated human neutrophils is subject to this study. CLlum is frequently used as a bio-assay to quantify the effect of xenobiotics on the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Most of the flavonoids decreased CLlum by inhibition of ROS production by the cells. Four selected flavonoids (Taxifolin, Eriodictyol, Hesperetin and Luteolin), inhibited myeloperoxidase (MPO) release, while two of these (Taxifolin and Eriodictyol) strongly inhibited MPO activity. Because CLlum is a MPO-dependent process these activities might mask effects of the flavonoids on ROS production. Finally, our results provide evidence that essential determinants for inhibition of O2(-)-release are the OH-groups located in the B-ring of the flavonoid molecule. Flavonoids methylated at a single OH-group in the B-ring are only inhibitory when they react with activated neutrophils in the presence of myeloperoxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A 'T Hart
- Dept. of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, State University of Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Castillo MH, Perkins E, Campbell JH, Doerr R, Hassett JM, Kandaswami C, Middleton E. The effects of the bioflavonoid quercetin on squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck origin. Am J Surg 1989; 158:351-5. [PMID: 2802040 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9610(89)90132-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Quercetin exhibits antitumor activity. We investigated the effect of quercetin on the in vitro and in vivo growth of two squamous cell carcinoma cell lines and a normal human lung fibroblast-like cell line. The in vivo effect was evaluated using implantable cell growth chambers implanted subcutaneously in immunocompetent rats. Quercetin was injected intraperitoneally, and multiple dosages were tested. Cells were counted on days 1, 3, 5, and 7, and growth curves were constructed. Quercetin caused inhibition of growth in both squamous cell carcinoma lines. Effect on the fibroblast-like human lung cells was noted only at the maximum concentration. Significant growth inhibition of squamous cell carcinoma was observed in implantable cell growth chambers retrieved 3 days after quercetin treatment. Quercetin appears to possess a cytotoxic effect on squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck origin both in vivo and in vitro. The inhibitory effect on malignant cells appears to be selective and dose-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Castillo
- Department of Otolaryngology, State University of New York, Sisters of Charity Hospital, Buffalo, New York
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Abstract
Seven flavonoids and three non-flavonoid antioxidants, i.e. butylated hydroxyanisole, chlorpromazine and BW 755 C, were studied as potential scavengers of oxygen free radicals. Superoxide anions were generated enzymatically in a xanthine-xanthine oxidase system and non-enzymatically in a phenazine methosulphate-NADH system, and assayed by reduction of nitro blue tetrazolium. The generation of malonaldehyde (MDA) by the ascorbate-stimulated air-oxidised boiled rat liver microsomes was considered as an index of the non-enzymatic formation of hydroxyl radicals. Flavonoids but not non-flavonoid antioxidants lowered the concentration of detectable superoxide anions in both enzymic and non-enzymic systems which generated these SOD-sensitive radicals. The most effective inhibitors of superoxide anions were quercetin, myricetin and rutin. Four out of seven investigated flavonoids seemed also to suppress the activity of xanthine oxidase as measured by a decrease in uric acid biosynthesis. All ten investigated compounds inhibited the MDA formation by rat liver microsomes. Non-flavonoid antioxidants were more potent MDA inhibitors than flavonoids. It is concluded that antioxidant properties of flavonoids are effected mainly via scavenging of superoxide anions whereas non-flavonoid antioxidants act on further links of free radical chain reactions, most likely by scavenging of hydroxyl radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Robak
- Department of Pharmacology, Copernicus Academy of Medicine, Cracow, Poland
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Cheng CC. Structural aspects of antineoplastic agents--a new approach. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 1988; 25:35-83. [PMID: 3076970 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6468(08)70277-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Blackburn WD, Heck LW, Wallace RW. The bioflavonoid quercetin inhibits neutrophil degranulation, superoxide production, and the phosphorylation of specific neutrophil proteins. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1987; 144:1229-36. [PMID: 3034275 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(87)91442-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Quercetin, a C-kinase antagonist, inhibits neutrophil degranulation and superoxide production induced by f-met-leu-phe, solid phase IgG, zymosan treated serum and a phorbol ester (PMA). Quercetin is more effective in inhibiting degranulation (IC50 = 20 uM) than superoxide production (IC50 = 80 microM). Neutrophil activation by PMA is accompanied by the phosphorylation of neutrophil proteins of 205, 170, 130, 91, 77, 67, 56, 47, 39, 34, 27, and 20 kilodaltons; quercetin also inhibits the phosphorylation of these proteins. Dose-response studies indicated that phosphorylation of the 67 kilodalton protein was particularly sensitive to inhibition by quercetin at concentrations that also inhibit neutrophil degranulation and superoxide production. These results suggest that phosphorylation of the 67 kilodalton protein may be an important intracellular reaction associated with neutrophil activation.
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