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Taub R, Agmon-Levin N, Frumer L, Samuel-Magal I, Glick I, Horesh D. Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) for fibromyalgia patients: The role of pain cognitions as mechanisms of change. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2024; 56:101860. [PMID: 38692113 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2024.101860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibromyalgia (FM) is a pain condition characterized by physical and psychological difficulties. This randomized controlled trial aimed to evaluate the effects of a mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) on FM patients and identify the role of two pain cognitions: psychological inflexibility in pain (PIPS) and pain catastrophizing (PCS), as mechanisms of change. METHODS 95 FM patients (Mean ± SD: 49.18 ± 13.26 years) were randomly assigned to MBSR group therapy (n = 49) or a waitlist (WL) control group (n = 46). An adapted MBSR protocol for FM was employed. A series of measures were taken, covering FM symptoms, depression, perceived stress (PSS), PIPS and PCS. Three measurements were conducted: pre-intervention, post-intervention and 6-months follow up. RESULTS Compared to WL controls, the MBSR group showed greater improvements in FM symptoms (F(1,78) = 2.81, p < 0.05), PSS (F(1,78) = 4.38, p < 0.05) and Depression (F(1,78) = 21.12, p < 0.001), with mostly medium effect sizes. Improvements in PSS (F(2,68) = 7.75, p < 0.05) and depression (F(2,68) = 15.68, p < 0.05) remained stable over six months. The effect of MBSR on FM and PSS was mediated by one's reported change in PIPS. The effect of MBSR on depression was mediated by one's reported change in PCS. CONCLUSIONS These results reveal the significant therapeutic potential of MBSR for FM patients, due to the emphasis on non-judging and acceptance of negative inner states. Furthermore, this research identified two important pain-related cognitions as mechanisms of change, suggesting that MBSR contributes to cognitive change, which enables the reduction of physical and psychological distress. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04304664.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renen Taub
- Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 5290002, Israel.
| | - Nancy Agmon-Levin
- Clinical Immunology, Angioedema and Allergy, Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, 52621, Israel.
| | - Lee Frumer
- Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 5290002, Israel.
| | - Inbal Samuel-Magal
- Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Students Counseling Center, Haifa, 3200003, Israel.
| | - Ittai Glick
- Shachaf Clinic for Stress Reduction, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, 52621, Israel.
| | - Danny Horesh
- Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 5290002, Israel; Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, 1 Park Ave., New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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Dark-Freudeman A, Jones C, Terry C. Mindfulness, anxiety, and perceived stress in university students: Comparing a mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) against active and traditional control conditions. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022; 70:2116-2125. [PMID: 33400631 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2020.1845180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ObjectivesUniversity students experience heightened levels of stress and are seeking mental health services with increasing frequency. Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) may be an effective resource for managing stress. The present study examined the effectiveness of an MBI in reducing stress, anxiety, and rumination compared to active and traditional control conditions.MethodsUndergraduate students at a southeastern university participated in either a 4-week MBI, active control, or traditional control condition. Measures were collected pre- and post-intervention. Results: Overall the MBI had a significant impact on perceived stress over and above both traditional and active control conditions. The MBI also had a significant impact on trait mindfulness and anxiety compared to the traditional control condition. No significant differences were observed for rumination. Conclusions: The MBI significantly impacted trait mindfulness, perceived stress, and state anxiety. MBIs may be a useful approach to successfully alleviating stress in a highly stressed population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alissa Dark-Freudeman
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, USA
| | - Colby Jones
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, USA
| | - Christian Terry
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, USA
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Fonia D, Aisenberg D. The Effects of Mindfulness Interventions on Fibromyalgia in Adults aged 65 and Older: A Window to Effective Therapy. J Clin Psychol Med Settings 2022:10.1007/s10880-022-09911-7. [PMID: 36163446 DOI: 10.1007/s10880-022-09911-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Pain usually receives insufficient attention by individuals due to the misconception that pain is a natural consequence of aging. For persons aged 65 and older, a disease requiring further research is fibromyalgia, characterized by chronic pain without clear pathology. Mind-body therapies like mindfulness are beneficial for this population as they affect psychological and biological aspects of pain. These therapies emphasize a nonjudgmental acceptance of thoughts and attention to the experience without attempting to resist or change them. Despite the potential benefits of mindfulness interventions for persons with fibromyalgia aged 65 and older, only few studies have examined the effects of these therapies, yielding conflicting findings. Importantly, no study has yet to be conducted exclusively on this population. This comprehensive review examined existing literature focusing on the effects of mindfulness-based interventions on the physical and mental well-being of persons with fibromyalgia aged 65 and older. It highlights the need for further research on the relationship between mindfulness, fibromyalgia, and gerontology, calling for a standard protocol of intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dvir Fonia
- Clinical Psychology of Adulthood and Aging, Ruppin Academic Center, Emek Hefer, Israel.
| | - Daniela Aisenberg
- Clinical Psychology of Adulthood and Aging, Ruppin Academic Center, Emek Hefer, Israel
- The Dror (Imri) Aloni Center for Health Informatics, Ruppin Academic Center, Emek Hefer, Israel
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Fogleman C, McKenna K. Integrative Health Strategies to Manage Chronic Pain. Prim Care 2022; 49:469-483. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pop.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Leça S, Tavares I. Research in Mindfulness Interventions for Patients With Fibromyalgia: A Critical Review. Front Integr Neurosci 2022; 16:920271. [PMID: 35965601 PMCID: PMC9368585 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2022.920271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibromyalgia is one of the most common causes of widespread chronic pain. It has a huge impact on the quality of life, namely because it appears earlier in life than most of the chronic pain conditions. Furthermore, emotional-cognitive distress factors, such as depression and anxiety, are a common feature in patients with fibromyalgia. The neurobiological mechanisms underlying fibromyalgia remain mostly unknown. Among non-pharmacological treatments, cognitive-behavioral therapy has been used during the last decade, namely with the enrolment of patients in programs of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) and in mindfulness-based interventions (MBI). We critically analyzed the literature to search for scientific evidence for the use of MBI in fibromyalgia. The studies were evaluated as to several outcomes of fibromyalgia improvement along with aspects of the study design which are currently considered relevant for research in mindfulness. We conclude that despite the sparsity of well-structured longitudinal studies, there are some promising results showing that the MBI are effective in reducing the negative aspects of the disease. Future design of studies using MBI in fibromyalgia management should be critically discussed. The importance of active controls, evaluation of sustained effects along with investigation of the subserving neurobiological mechanisms and detailed reports of possible adverse effects should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salomé Leça
- Unit of Experimental Biology, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Isaura Tavares
- Unit of Experimental Biology, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- I3S–Institute of Investigation and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Isaura Tavares,
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Mindfulness meditation as “good medicine”: a new epistemological pluralism in health care. SOCIAL THEORY & HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1057/s41285-022-00180-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Zanca JM, Gilchrist C, Ortiz CE, Dyson-Hudson TA. Pilot clinical trial of a clinical meditation and imagery intervention for chronic pain after spinal cord injury. J Spinal Cord Med 2022; 45:339-353. [PMID: 34612802 PMCID: PMC9135436 DOI: 10.1080/10790268.2021.1970894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the feasibility and potential benefits of clinical meditation and imagery (CMI) for people with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) and chronic pain. DESIGN Pilot randomized, controlled trial. SETTING Outpatients with SCI in the United States. PARTICIPANTS 24 adults with chronic SCI (>1 year) and a >3 month history of pain rated ≥4/10 on average over the last week. INTERVENTIONS 4-week program of once-weekly 2-hour group classes, offered in-person and online. CMI group participants were taught mindfulness, mantra meditation, and guided imagery practices. Control group participants received education on topics related to health and function after SCI. OUTCOME MEASURES Pain interference (primary outcome), pain cognitions, pain intensity/unpleasantness, depressive symptomology, perceived stress. RESULTS Pain interference decreased to a greater extent in the control group at both Day 42 and Day 70, with a large effect size (d > 1.0). Several secondary outcome measures showed changes consistent with more favorable outcomes in the CMI group at both Day 42 and Day 70, with a large effect size d > 0.80, including worst pain intensity over the last week, depressive symptomology, belief in pain as a sign of harm and perceived control over pain. Perceived stress improved to a greater extent in the control group (d = 1.16 at Day 42, d = .20 at Day 70). CONCLUSION CMI is feasible and acceptable to implement with people with SCI and chronic pain. Further study is warranted to assess potential benefits for pain-related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne M. Zanca
- Center for Spinal Cord Injury Research, Kessler Foundation, West Orange, New Jersey, USA,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA,Correspondence to: Jeanne M. Zanca, Kessler Foundation, 1199 Pleasant Valley Way, West Orange, NJ07052, USA.
| | - Christine Gilchrist
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, New York, USA
| | - Caroline E. Ortiz
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, New York, USA
| | - Trevor A. Dyson-Hudson
- Center for Spinal Cord Injury Research, Kessler Foundation, West Orange, New Jersey, USA
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The Effects of Mindfulness-Based Mandala Coloring, Made in Nature, on Chronic Widespread Musculoskeletal Pain: Randomized Trial. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9060642. [PMID: 34071674 PMCID: PMC8226655 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9060642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of mindfulness-based mandala coloring made within nature on individuals with chronic widespread musculoskeletal pain (CWP). Thirty-six participants were randomly allocated. In the experimental group, identical interventions and procedures were administered for each experiment. The control group members were untreated and remained in an urban environment. Overall, the experiment showed significant improvements in tender points (f = 8.791, p = 0.006), total stress level (f = 14.570, p = 0.001), depressive symptoms (f = 15.205, p = 0.001), anger symptoms (f = 7.263, p = 0.011) and salivary cortisol (f = 10.619, p = 0.003) in the experimental group. The results reflect that MBMC within nature is effective in reducing pain, psychological stress responses, and cortisol levels in individuals with CWP. The positive results could be a product of the experimental design rather than the treatment itself. A rigorous experimental design provides better understanding of MBMC within nature.
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Villa G, Lanini I, Amass T, Bocciero V, Scirè Calabrisotto C, Chelazzi C, Romagnoli S, De Gaudio AR, Lauro Grotto R. Effects of psychological interventions on anxiety and pain in patients undergoing major elective abdominal surgery: a systematic review. Perioper Med (Lond) 2020; 9:38. [PMID: 33292558 PMCID: PMC7722323 DOI: 10.1186/s13741-020-00169-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A maladaptive response to surgical stress might lead to postoperative complications. A multidisciplinary approach aimed at controlling the surgical stress response may reduce procedural complications and improve patients’ quality of life in the short and long term. Several studies suggest that psychological interventions may interact with the pathophysiology of surgical stress response, potentially influencing wound repair, innate and adaptive immunity, inflammation, perception of pain, and patients’ mood. The aim of this systematic review is to summarise the effects of perioperative psychological interventions on surgical pain and/or anxiety in adult patients scheduled for elective general abdominal and/or urologic surgery. We conducted a systematic review of controlled clinical trials and observational studies involving psychological interventions for adult patients scheduled for elective general abdominal and/or urologic surgery. Only studies reporting pain and/or anxiety among outcome measures were included in the systematic review. The following psychological interventions were considered: (1) relaxation techniques, (2) cognitive-behavioural therapies, (3) mindfulness, (4) narrative medicine, (5) hypnosis and (6) coping strategies. We examined 2174 papers. Among these, 9 studies were considered eligible for inclusion in this systematic review (1126 patients cumulatively): 8 are randomised controlled trials and 1 is an observational prospective pre/post study. Psychological characteristics widely influence the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the neuroendocrine and inflammatory response to surgical stress, potentially interfering with surgical outcomes. Psychological interventions are technically feasible and realistically applicable perioperatively during abdominal and/or urologic surgery; they influence the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying maladaptive surgical stress response and might have positive effects on patients’ surgical outcomes, such as pain and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Villa
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50100, Florence, Italy. .,Department of Anaesthesia and intensive Care, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy.
| | - Iacopo Lanini
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50100, Florence, Italy
| | - Timothy Amass
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Vittorio Bocciero
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50100, Florence, Italy
| | - Caterina Scirè Calabrisotto
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50100, Florence, Italy
| | - Cosimo Chelazzi
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50100, Florence, Italy.,Department of Anaesthesia and intensive Care, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Stefano Romagnoli
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50100, Florence, Italy.,Department of Anaesthesia and intensive Care, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - A Raffaele De Gaudio
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50100, Florence, Italy.,Department of Anaesthesia and intensive Care, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Rosapia Lauro Grotto
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50100, Florence, Italy
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The Wildman Programme. A Nature-Based Rehabilitation Programme Enhancing Quality of Life for Men on Long-Term Sick Leave: Study Protocol for a Matched Controlled Study In Denmark. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17103368. [PMID: 32408692 PMCID: PMC7277203 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17103368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Many men have poor mental health and need help to recover. However, designing a rehabilitation intervention that appeals to men is challenging. This study protocol aims to describe the ‘Wildman Programme’, which will be a nature-based rehabilitation programme for men on long-term sick leave due to health problems such as stress, anxiety, depression, post-cancer and chronic cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cardiovascular disease, or diabetes type II. The programme will be a nature-based rehabilitation initiative combining nature experiences, attention training, body awareness training, and supporting community spirit. The aim of the study will be to examine whether the ‘Wildman Programme’ can help to increase quality of life and reduce stress among men with health problems compared to treatment as usual. The study will be a matched control study where an intervention group (number of respondents, N = 52) participating in a 12-week nature-based intervention will be compared to a control group (N = 52) receiving treatment as usual. Outcomes are measured at baseline (T1), post-treatment (T2), and at follow up 6 months post-intervention (T3). The results of this study will be important to state whether the method in the ‘Wildman Programme’ can be implemented as a rehabilitation offer in the Danish Healthcare System to help men with different health problems.
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A Randomized Study Comparing Video-Based Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy With Video-Based Traditional Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in a Sample of Women Struggling to Achieve Orgasm. J Sex Med 2019; 17:312-324. [PMID: 31818723 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2019.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study examines the effectiveness of integrating mindfulness-based techniques within therapy for women suffering to achieve orgasm. Although widely applied in psychotherapy, this approach has only recently been introduced in the treatment of female sexual dysfunction. AIM To compare the effectiveness of a video-based self-administered treatment, rooted within the cognitive behavioral treatment (CBT) framework, with a video-based self-administered mindfulness treatment applying cognitive behavioral sexual therapy (mindfulness-based cognitive therapy), the latter of which was specifically created to increase women's ability to achieve orgasm. METHODS A convenience sample of 65 women suffering from difficulties to achieve orgasm, aged 18 to 58 years (mean = 32.66, standard deviation = 9.48), were randomly allocated using a randomization procedure to either a mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (N = 35) or CBT (N = 30) group. Each participant completed questionnaires before and after the start of treatment and 2 months after its completion. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE We applied repeated-measure general linear models to compare the 2 groups (ie, between participant factor) on each dependent variable across time (ie, the within-participant factor). Compare mean analyses for paired samples were only conducted when the interaction effect between condition and time was significant (ie, P <.05). RESULTS Statistical analyses show that women in both groups presented increased sexual functioning (P = .001) and decreased sexual distress (P < .001), as well as improved desire, arousal, orgasm, and sexual satisfaction (P < .05) after their respective treatments. Contrary to our hypothesis, significant reductions in sexual pain were only observed in CBT participants. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to apply a randomized allocation procedure to evaluate the effectiveness of a video-based mindfulness intervention for women struggling to achieve orgasm. These results should guide clinicians' decisions with respect to evaluating the relevance and the real added value of proposing mindfulness exercises to their patients with such difficulties. CONCLUSION When women suffering from difficulties to achieve orgasm are randomly assigned to a mindfulness group or an active control, improvements in sexual functioning and reductions in sexual distress can be observed after both treatments. Adam F, De Sutter P, Day J, et al. A Randomized Study Comparing Video-Based Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy With Video-Based Traditional Cognitive Behavioral Treatment in a Sample of Women Struggling to Achieve Orgasm. J Sex Med 2020;17:312-324.
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Guo D, Sun L, Yu X, Liu T, Wu L, Sun Z, Zhang F, Zhou Y, Shen M, Liu W. Mindfulness-based stress reduction improves the general health and stress of Chinese military recruits: A pilot study. Psychiatry Res 2019; 281:112571. [PMID: 31590104 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.112571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This paper reported the health effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) among 49 Chinese military recruits with psychological distress in a 12-week study. Participants were randomized into a MBSR and a waitlist group. Previously validated questionnaires were administered to both groups at four time points: baseline, 5, 8, and 12 weeks after participation. Compared to the waitlist group, the MBSR group showed more improvements in mindfulness and general health, as well as more stress reduction at 12-week follow-up. This study suggested that MBSR could be a promising health intervention for improving general health and reducing stress in Chinese military recruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danfeng Guo
- The Cognition & Emotion Lab, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China; Centre of Mental Health Rehabilitation, Shanghai Provincial Corps Hospital of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Shanghai, China
| | - Luna Sun
- The Cognition & Emotion Lab, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqian Yu
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, United States
| | - Tuanjie Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai First People's Hospital Baoshan Branch, Shanghai, 201900 China
| | - Lili Wu
- The Cognition & Emotion Lab, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuoer Sun
- The Cognition & Emotion Lab, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- The Cognition & Emotion Lab, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaoguang Zhou
- The Cognition & Emotion Lab, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meihua Shen
- Centre of Mental Health Rehabilitation, Shanghai Provincial Corps Hospital of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Shanghai, China
| | - Weizhi Liu
- The Cognition & Emotion Lab, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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A systematic mixed-studies review on mindfulness-based childbirth education programs and maternal outcomes. Nurs Outlook 2019; 67:696-706. [DOI: 10.1016/j.outlook.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Adam F, Day J, De Sutter P, Brasseur C. L’utilisation de la pleine conscience dans le traitement du trouble de l’orgasme féminin. SEXOLOGIES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sexol.2019.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Roca P, Diez GG, Castellanos N, Vazquez C. Does mindfulness change the mind? A novel psychonectome perspective based on Network Analysis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219793. [PMID: 31318929 PMCID: PMC6638953 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
If the brain is a complex network of functionally specialized areas, it might be expected that mental representations could also behave in a similar way. We propose the concept of ‘psychonectome’ to formalize the idea of psychological constructs forming a dynamic network of mutually dependent elements. As a proof-of-concept of the psychonectome, networks analysis (NA) was used to explore structural changes in the network of constructs resulting from a psychological intervention. NA was applied to explore the effects of an 8-week Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) program in healthy participants (N = 182). Psychological functioning was measured by questionnaires assessing five key domains related to MBSR: mindfulness, compassion, psychological well-being, psychological distress and emotional-cognitive control. A total of 25 variables, covering the five constructs, were considered as nodes in the NA. Participants significantly improved in most of the psychological questionnaires. More interesting from a network perspective, there were also significant changes in the topological relationships among the elements. Expected influence and strength centrality indexes revealed that mindfulness and well-being measures were the most central nodes in the networks. The nodes with highest topological change after the MBSR were attentional control, compassion measures, depression and thought suppression. Also, cognitive appraisal, an adaptive emotion regulation strategy, was associated to rumination before the MBSR program but became related to mindfulness and well-being measures after the program. Community analysis revealed a strong topological association between mindfulness, compassion, and emotional regulation, which supports the key role of compassion in mindfulness training. These results highlight the importance of exploring psychological changes from a network perspective and support the conceptual advantage of considering the interconnectedness of psychological constructs in terms of a ‘psychonectome’ as it may reveal ways of functioning that cannot be analyzed through conventional analytic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Roca
- Clinical Psychology Department, School of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gustavo G Diez
- Nirakara Institute and Niraka Chair (Complutense University), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Carmelo Vazquez
- Clinical Psychology Department, School of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Singh L, Kaur A, Bhatti MS, Bhatti R. Possible Molecular Mediators Involved and Mechanistic Insight into Fibromyalgia and Associated Co-morbidities. Neurochem Res 2019; 44:1517-1532. [PMID: 31004261 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02805-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fibromyalgia is a chronic complex syndrome of non-articulate origin characterized by musculoskeletal pain, painful tender points, sleep problems and co-morbidities including depression, migraine. The etiopathogenesis of fibromyalgia is complex, variable and remains inconclusive. The etiological factors that have been defined include stress, genetic predisposition and environmental components. As per the reports of the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) the prevalence of fibromyalgia varies from 2 to 22% among the general population with poor diagnostic features primarily pain. Fibromyalgia encompasses a spectrum of co-morbid conditions with multifarious pathogenesis. The highly prevalent manifestations of fibromyalgia include heterogeneous pain and aches. Biochemical and neurobiological elements of fibromyalgia include neurotransmitters, hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis (HPA axis), inflammatory cytokines, monoaminergic pathway, opioid peptides, sex hormones, nerve growth factor (NGF) and local free radical insult. An imbalance in the serotonergic system is the major underlying etiological factor that has been explored most widely. Owing to complex interplay of diverse pathophysiological pathways, overlapping co-morbidities such as depression have been clinically observed. Therapeutic management of fibromyalgia involves both non pharmacological and pharmacological measures. The current review presents various dysregulations and their association with symptoms of fibromyalgia along with their underlying neurobiological aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lovedeep Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Anudeep Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Manpreet S Bhatti
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Rajbir Bhatti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India.
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17
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Asensio-Martínez Á, Masluk B, Montero-Marin J, Olivan-Blázquez B, Navarro-Gil MT, García-Campayo J, Magallón-Botaya R. Validation of Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire - Short form, in Spanish, general health care services patients sample: Prediction of depression through mindfulness scale. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214503. [PMID: 30939151 PMCID: PMC6445454 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The validation of Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ)-short version was performed in a general population of a city in a region of Galicia (Spain), the sample was composed of randomly selected Spanish Health Care patients (N = 845). The results on the goodness of fit of the non-hierarchical, five-dimensional factorial model met the criteria for good and acceptable model adjustment (after eliminating item 18 and despite the correlations detected among the errors included in the model), explaining a 55.5%.of the variance. As the second objective has been analysed the association between the scores obtained in the different facets of the FFMQ-SF and the risk of suffering an episode of depression. (The Odd Ratio, the Hosmer-Lemeshow test and the ROC curve were calculated.) Participants who were currently suffering from an episode of depression were more likely to have low scores in "describing" facet of Mindfulness (adjusted OR = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.04-2.40, linear trend: χ2 = 3.74, df = 1, p = 0.053) as well as low scores on "acting with awareness" (adjusted OR = 2.19, 95% CI = 1.461-3.30, linear trend: χ2 = 9.52, df = 1; = 0.002) and "non judging" (adjusted OR = 2.05, 95% CI = 1.36-3.09, linear trend: χ2 = 143.21, df = 1; p <0.001). Participants with a previous episode of depression were more likely to have low scores on the subscale "acting with awareness" (adjusted OR = 2.37, 95% CI = 1.43-3.93, linear trend: χ2 = 9.62, df = 1, p = 0.002) and "non-reactivity" (adjusted OR = 2.14, 95% CI = 1.28-3.56, linear trend: χ2 = 8.30; df = 1; p = 0.004. Questionnaire FFMQ-SF is an adequate questionnaire for the evaluation of mindfulness in non-clinical multi- occupational population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángela Asensio-Martínez
- Research Network in preventive activities and health promotion RedIAPP, Barcelona, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Aragon, Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Barbara Masluk
- Research Network in preventive activities and health promotion RedIAPP, Barcelona, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Aragon, Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jesus Montero-Marin
- Research Network in preventive activities and health promotion RedIAPP, Barcelona, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Aragon, Zaragoza, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Bárbara Olivan-Blázquez
- Research Network in preventive activities and health promotion RedIAPP, Barcelona, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Aragon, Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Maria Teresa Navarro-Gil
- Research Network in preventive activities and health promotion RedIAPP, Barcelona, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Aragon, Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Javier García-Campayo
- Research Network in preventive activities and health promotion RedIAPP, Barcelona, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Aragon, Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Psychiatry and Dermatology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Rosa Magallón-Botaya
- Research Network in preventive activities and health promotion RedIAPP, Barcelona, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Aragon, Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Psychiatry and Dermatology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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18
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Furer T, Nayak K, Shatkin JP. Exploring Interventions for Sleep Disorders in Adolescent Cannabis Users. Med Sci (Basel) 2018; 6:E11. [PMID: 29419734 PMCID: PMC5872168 DOI: 10.3390/medsci6010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes the available literature on the intersection of adolescent cannabis use and sleep disturbances, along with interventions for adolescent cannabis users who suffer sleep impairments. Adolescents are susceptible to various sleep disorders, which are often exacerbated by the use of substances such as cannabis. The relationship between cannabis and sleep is bidirectional. Interventions to improve sleep impairments among adolescent cannabis users to date have demonstrated limited efficacy, although few studies indicating the benefits of behavioral interventions-such as Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Insomnia or Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction-appear promising in the treatment of sleep disorders, which are present for users of cannabis. Further research is necessary to elucidate the precise mechanisms by which cannabis use coexists with sleep impairments, along with effective interventions for those users who suffer sleep difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzvi Furer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Child Study Center at Hassenfeld Children's Hospital of New York at NYU Langone, One Park Avenue, 7th Floor, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | - Komal Nayak
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Child Study Center at Hassenfeld Children's Hospital of New York at NYU Langone, One Park Avenue, 7th Floor, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | - Jess P Shatkin
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Child Study Center at Hassenfeld Children's Hospital of New York at NYU Langone, One Park Avenue, 7th Floor, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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19
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Ali A. Lyme Disease. Integr Med (Encinitas) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-35868-2.00023-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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20
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Effects of a Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Program on the Physical and Psychological Status and Quality of Life in Patients With Metastatic Breast Cancer. Holist Nurs Pract 2017; 31:260-269. [PMID: 28609411 DOI: 10.1097/hnp.0000000000000220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This nonequivalent control group pre-/posttest study investigated the effectiveness of a mindfulness-based stress reduction program at improving both the physical status and psychological status of 18 patients with metastatic breast cancer. The mindfulness-based stress reduction program had a mild effect of improving average pain and alleviating distress.
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21
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Gilpin HR, Keyes A, Stahl DR, Greig R, McCracken LM. Predictors of Treatment Outcome in Contextual Cognitive and Behavioral Therapies for Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2017; 18:1153-1164. [PMID: 28455249 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that contextual forms of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) are effective in the management of chronic pain, yet little is understood about the factors that moderate or predict outcomes in these treatments. This systematic review aimed to identify pretreatment participant characteristics associated with positive treatment responses in contextual CBT for chronic pain. Medline, EMBASE, PsychINFO, and CENTRAL were searched to identify eligible studies. Studies were included if the participants were adults with chronic pain, designs were longitudinal, treatments focused on psychological flexibility or mindfulness, and reported results allowed for examination of moderators or predictors of standard treatment outcomes. Of 991 records initially identified, 20 were eligible for inclusion in the review. Some evidence suggested that baseline emotional functioning predicts treatment response, but the direction of this association varied between studies. Substantive findings were inconsistent and inconclusive, however, methodological limitations were consistent. These included treatment heterogeneity, and a lack of theoretical, a priori guidance in examining potential predictors. Future research should adopt a theoretically based approach to examining moderators in relation to specific treatment methods and therapeutic processes. Considering moderation without first considering mediation is probably a limited strategy. PERSPECTIVE In this systematic review we examined evidence for potential predictors or moderators of outcomes in contextual CBT for chronic pain. Substantive findings were inconclusive but important methodological limitations and a lack of theoretical guidance were found. Future research should explicitly plan relevant methods and follow clear theoretical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen R Gilpin
- INPUT Pain Management, Guys and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust Hospitals, London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra Keyes
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel R Stahl
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Riannon Greig
- Royal Holloway, University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Lance M McCracken
- INPUT Pain Management, Guys and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust Hospitals, London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
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Abstract
Presently, evidence for the efficacy of medications for the treatment of juvenile fibromyalgia syndrome (JFMS) is limited. While there are medications approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (duloxetine, milnacipran and pregabalin) for adults with fibromyalgia syndrome, there are none for the treatment of JFMS. A variety of medications have been prescribed for the treatment of JFMS, including (but not limited to) non-opioid analgesics, opioids, anticonvulsants, antidepressants, and muscle relaxants. Psychological therapies, most prominently cognitive behavioral therapy, are the most evidenced-based treatment modalities for JFMS. A multidisciplinary approach, combining pharmacological, behavioral and exercise-based modalities is currently the standard of care for JFMS. In the future, more stringent randomized, controlled trials with longer follow-up periods are needed in order to determine the long-term efficacy and safety of medications in the treatment of JFMS. Additionally, improved recognition of JFMS will allow for better patient recruitment to permit for adequately powered study designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Gmuca
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 10101 Colket, 3501 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-3820, USA
| | - David D Sherry
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 10101 Colket, 3501 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-3820, USA.
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23
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Pérez-Aranda A, Barceló-Soler A, Andrés-Rodríguez L, Peñarrubia-María MT, Tuccillo R, Borraz-Estruch G, García-Campayo J, Feliu-Soler A, Luciano JV. Description and narrative review of well-established and promising psychological treatments for fibromyalgia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mincom.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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24
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Ali A, Weiss TR, Dutton A, McKee D, Jones KD, Kashikar-Zuck S, Silverman WK, Shapiro ED. Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction for Adolescents with Functional Somatic Syndromes: A Pilot Cohort Study. J Pediatr 2017; 183:184-190. [PMID: 28088398 PMCID: PMC5367961 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the feasibility of a mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) program for adolescents with widespread chronic pain and other functional somatic symptoms and to make preliminary assessments of its clinical utility. STUDY DESIGN Three cohorts of subjects completed an 8-week MBSR program. Child- and parent-completed measures were collected at baseline and 8 and 12 weeks later. Measures included the Functional Disability Inventory (FDI), the Fibromyalgia/Symptom Impact Questionnaire-Revised (FIQR/SIQR), the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory, the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale (MASC2), and the Perceived Stress Scale. Subjects and parents were interviewed following the program to assess feasibility. RESULTS Fifteen of 18 subjects (83%) completed the 8-week program. No adverse events occurred. Compared with baseline scores, significant changes were found in mean scores on the FDI (33% improvement, P = .026), FIQR/SIQR (26% improvement, P = .03), and MASC2 (child: 12% improvement, P = .02; parent report: 17% improvement, P = .03) at 8 weeks. MASC2 scores (child and parent) and Perceived Stress Scale scores were significantly improved at 12 weeks. More time spent doing home practice was associated with better outcomes in the FDI and FIQR/SIQR (44% and 26% improvement, respectively). Qualitative interviews indicated that subjects and parents reported social support as a benefit of the MBSR class, as well as a positive impact of MBSR on activities of daily living, and on pain and anxiety. CONCLUSIONS MBSR is a feasible and acceptable intervention in adolescents with functional somatic syndromes and has preliminary evidence for improving functional disability, symptom impact, and anxiety, with consistency between parent and child measures. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02190474.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ather Ali
- Department of Pediatrics; Department of Medicine.
| | | | | | - Douglas McKee
- Department of Economics, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Kim D Jones
- Schools of Nursing and Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | | | | | - Eugene D Shapiro
- Department of Pediatrics; Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale University, New Haven, CT
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25
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Bremner JD, Mishra S, Campanella C, Shah M, Kasher N, Evans S, Fani N, Shah AJ, Reiff C, Davis LL, Vaccarino V, Carmody J. A Pilot Study of the Effects of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms and Brain Response to Traumatic Reminders of Combat in Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom Combat Veterans with Post-traumatic Stress Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2017; 8:157. [PMID: 28890702 PMCID: PMC5574875 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Brain imaging studies in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have implicated a circuitry of brain regions including the medial prefrontal cortex, amygdala, hippocampus, parietal cortex, and insula. Pharmacological treatment studies have shown a reversal of medial prefrontal deficits in response to traumatic reminders. Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) is a promising non-pharmacologic approach to the treatment of anxiety and pain disorders. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of MBSR on PTSD symptoms and brain response to traumatic reminders measured with positron-emission tomography (PET) in Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom (OEF/OIF) combat veterans with PTSD. We hypothesized that MBSR would show increased prefrontal response to stress and improved PTSD symptoms in veterans with PTSD. METHOD Twenty-six OEF/OIF combat veterans with PTSD who had recently returned from a combat zone were block randomized to receive eight sessions of MBSR or present-centered group therapy (PCGT). PTSD patients underwent assessment of PTSD symptoms with the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS), mindfulness with the Five Factor Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) and brain imaging using PET in conjunction with exposure to neutral and Iraq combat-related slides and sound before and after treatment. Nine patients in the MBSR group and 8 in the PCGT group completed all study procedures. RESULTS Post-traumatic stress disorder patients treated with MBSR (but not PCGT) had an improvement in PTSD symptoms measured with the CAPS that persisted for 6 months after treatment. MBSR also resulted in an increase in mindfulness measured with the FFMQ. MBSR-treated patients had increased anterior cingulate and inferior parietal lobule and decreased insula and precuneus function in response to traumatic reminders compared to the PCGT group. CONCLUSION This study shows that MBSR is a safe and effective treatment for PTSD. Furthermore, MBSR treatment is associated with changes in brain regions that have been implicated in PTSD and are involved in extinction of fear responses to traumatic memories as well as regulation of the stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Douglas Bremner
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Department of Radiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, United States.,The Tuskegee VA Medical Center, Tuskegee, AL, United States
| | - Sanskriti Mishra
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Carolina Campanella
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Majid Shah
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Nicole Kasher
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Sarah Evans
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Negar Fani
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Amit Jasvant Shah
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Collin Reiff
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Lori L Davis
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, United States.,The Tuskegee VA Medical Center, Tuskegee, AL, United States
| | - Viola Vaccarino
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - James Carmody
- Department of Medicine, Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
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26
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Cash E, Salmon P, Weissbecker I, Rebholz WN, Bayley-Veloso R, Zimmaro LA, Floyd A, Dedert E, Sephton SE. Mindfulness meditation alleviates fibromyalgia symptoms in women: results of a randomized clinical trial. Ann Behav Med 2016; 49:319-30. [PMID: 25425224 DOI: 10.1007/s12160-014-9665-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several recent reviews have evaluated evidence on the efficacy of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) among fibromyalgia sufferers, and concluded that more research should test effects on both psychological and physiological functioning. PURPOSE We conducted a randomized prospective trial of MBSR among female fibromyalgia patients. METHODS Effects on perceived stress, pain, sleep quality, fatigue, symptom severity, and salivary cortisol were tested in treatment (n=51) versus wait-list control participants (n=40) using data at baseline, post-program, and 2-month follow-up. RESULTS Analyses revealed that MBSR significantly reduced perceived stress, sleep disturbance, and symptom severity, with gains maintained at follow-up. Greater home practice at follow-up was associated with reduced symptom severity. MBSR did not significantly alter pain, physical functioning, or cortisol profiles. CONCLUSION MBSR ameliorated some of the major symptoms of fibromyalgia and reduced subjective illness burden. Further exploration of MBSR effects on physiological stress responses is warranted. These results support use of MBSR as a complementary treatment for women with fibromyalgia ( ISRCTN 34628811).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Cash
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
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27
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Hanley AW, Abell N, Osborn DS, Roehrig AD, Canto AI. Mind the Gaps: Are Conclusions About Mindfulness Entirely Conclusive? JOURNAL OF COUNSELING AND DEVELOPMENT 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/jcad.12066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam W. Hanley
- Educational Psychology and Learning Systems; Florida State University
| | - Neil Abell
- College of Social Work; Florida State University
| | - Debra S. Osborn
- Educational Psychology and Learning Systems; Florida State University
| | - Alysia D. Roehrig
- Educational Psychology and Learning Systems; Florida State University
| | - Angela I. Canto
- Educational Psychology and Learning Systems; Florida State University
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28
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Delivery and Effectiveness of a Dual Language (English/Spanish) Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mincom.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Wasylkiw L, Holton J, Azar R, Cook W. The impact of mindfulness on leadership effectiveness in a health care setting: a pilot study. J Health Organ Manag 2015; 29:893-911. [DOI: 10.1108/jhom-06-2014-0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of mindfulness awareness practice (MAP) on mid-level health-care managers’ leadership.
Design/methodology/approach
– In total, 11 mid-level health-care managers in eastern Canada took part in an intensive weekend retreat and a follow-up webinar on mindfulness awareness. Perceived stress and leadership effectiveness were assessed pre- and post-intervention (i.e. four and eight weeks). A control group (n=10) also completed the same measures twice. Additionally, informants (n=28) provided assessments of participants’ leadership pre- and post-intervention. Follow-up interviews were carried out with eight participants 12-16 weeks post-intervention.
Findings
– In comparison to controls, retreat participants showed significant increases in mindfulness and corresponding decreases in stress that were sustained across eight weeks post-retreat; retreat participants reported significant positive changes in their leadership effectiveness that were corroborated by informants. Qualitative data, however, suggest that sustaining a mindfulness practice presents significant challenges to middle managers in a health care setting.
Research limitations/implications
– The findings are useful to management working in health services that are plagued by increasing demands and changes. Despite the small sample and lack of random assignment, the pilot data support the efficacy of MAP in improving leadership.
Originality/value
– Little empirical research supports the claim that MAP enhances leadership. The present study employed a mixed methods approach to address this gap and demonstrates the potential benefits of MAP among mid-level managers.
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Abstract
Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) are at a pivotal point in their future development. Spurred on by an ever-increasing number of studies and breadth of clinical application, the value of such approaches may appear self-evident. We contend, however, that the public health impact of MBIs can be enhanced significantly by situating this work in a broader framework of clinical psychological science. Utilizing the National Institutes of Health stage model (Onken, Carroll, Shoham, Cuthbert, & Riddle, 2014), we map the evidence base for mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and mindfulness-based stress reduction as exemplars of MBIs. From this perspective, we suggest that important gaps in the current evidence base become apparent and, furthermore, that generating more of the same types of studies without addressing such gaps will limit the relevance and reach of these interventions. We offer a set of 7 recommendations that promote an integrated approach to core research questions, enhanced methodological quality of individual studies, and increased logical links among stages of clinical translation in order to increase the potential of MBIs to impact positively the mental health needs of individuals and communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sona Dimidjian
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder
| | - Zindel V Segal
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough
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31
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Carissoli C, Villani D, Riva G. Does a meditation protocol supported by a mobile application help people reduce stress? Suggestions from a controlled pragmatic trial. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL NETWORKING 2015; 18:46-53. [PMID: 25584730 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2014.0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of a 3 week mindfulness inspired protocol, delivered by an Android application for smartphones, in reducing stress in the adult population. By using a controlled pragmatic trial, a self-help intervention group of meditators was compared with a typical control group listening to relaxing music and a waiting list group. The final sample included 56 Italian workers as participants, block randomized to the three conditions. The self-reported level of perceived stress was assessed at the beginning and at the end of the protocol. Participants were also instructed to track their heart rate before and after each session. The results did not show any significant differences between groups, but both self-help intervention groups demonstrated an improvement in coping with stress. Nevertheless, meditators and music listeners reported a significant decrease in average heartbeats per minute after each session. Furthermore, both groups perceived a moderate but significant change in stress reduction perceptions, even if with some peculiarities. Limitations and opportunities related to the meditation protocol supported by the mobile application to reduce stress are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Carissoli
- 1 Psychology Department, Catholic University of Milan , Milan, Italy
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Mindful Emotion Regulation: Exploring the Neurocognitive Mechanisms behind Mindfulness. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:670724. [PMID: 26137490 PMCID: PMC4475519 DOI: 10.1155/2015/670724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to review some of the psychological and neural mechanisms behind mindfulness practice in order to explore the unique factors that account for its positive impact on emotional regulation and health. After reviewing the mechanisms of mindfulness and its effects on clinical populations we will consider how the practice of mindfulness contributes to the regulation of emotions. We argue that mindfulness has achieved effective outcomes in the treatment of anxiety, depression, and other psychopathologies through the contribution of mindfulness to emotional regulation. We consider the unique factors that mindfulness meditation brings to the process of emotion regulation that may account for its effectiveness. We review experimental evidence that points towards the unique effects of mindfulness specifically operating over and above the regulatory effects of cognitive reappraisal mechanisms. A neuroanatomical circuit that leads to mindful emotion regulation is also suggested. This paper thereby aims to contribute to proposed models of mindfulness for research and theory building by proposing a specific model for the unique psychological and neural processes involved in mindful detachment that account for the effects of mindfulness over and above the effects accounted for by other well-established emotional regulation processes such as cognitive reappraisal.
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Bell TP. Meditative Practice Cultivates Mindfulness and Reduces Anxiety, Depression, Blood Pressure, and Heart Rate in a Diverse Sample. J Cogn Psychother 2015; 29:343-355. [DOI: 10.1891/0889-8391.29.4.343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Meditative practices have been used as adjunct interventions for mental disorders and medical conditions. Although these innovative techniques have been the focus of much research, few studies have investigated the impact of mindfulness meditation on psychological and physiological variables in a diverse sample that may be at risk of developing stress-related medical conditions that can be linked to anxiety-inducing mental disorders. Our aim was to examine the effects of mindfulness meditation, eyes-closed relaxation, and silence on nonjudgmental awareness, anxiety, depression, blood pressure (BP; commonly defined as the pressure or force of blood against the inner walls of blood vessels as blood flows through the circulatory system and usually is measured in millimeters of mercury, or mmHg), and heart rate (HR; commonly defined as the speed of the heartbeat and is typically measured in beats per minute) in African Americans. Meditation significantly increased awareness and decreased anxiety, depression, BP, and HR in participants who practiced 30 min per day four times per week for 12 weeks. Eyes-closed relaxation noticeably reduced anxiety, BP, and HR but had no effect on awareness and depression as indicated by the measures used in this study. Results of the data collected from individuals in the group exposed to silence for 30 min per day four times per week for 12 weeks were not significant. Present findings provided evidence to support the beneficial effects of mindfulness meditation and suggested that this practice may serve as an inexpensive, nonpharmacological way of positively impacting the psychological and physical health of university students and urban residents who might be at risk of experiencing anxiety, depression, an inability to focus or pay attention, or even major stress-related illnesses because of the demands of school and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ather Ali
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Paul L McCarthy
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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Abstract
Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is a regional pain disorder caused by taut bands of muscle fibers in skeletal muscles called myofascial trigger points. MPS is a common disorder, often diagnosed and treated by physiatrists. Treatment strategies for MPS include exercises, patient education, and trigger point injection. Pharmacologic interventions are also common, and a variety of analgesics, antiinflammatories, antidepressants, and other medications are used in clinical practice. This review explores the various treatment options for MPS, including those therapies that target myofascial trigger points and common secondary symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Borg-Stein
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, 300 First Avenue, Boston, MA 02129, USA.
| | - Mary Alexis Iaccarino
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, 300 First Avenue, Boston, MA 02129, USA
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Hart R, Ivtzan I, Hart D. Mind the Gap in Mindfulness Research: A Comparative Account of the Leading Schools of Thought. REVIEW OF GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1037/a0035212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rona Hart
- School of Psychology, University of East London, London, England
| | - Itai Ivtzan
- School of Psychology, University of East London, London, England
| | - Dan Hart
- Birmingham Business School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England
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Lauche R, Cramer H, Dobos G, Langhorst J, Schmidt S. A systematic review and meta-analysis of mindfulness-based stress reduction for the fibromyalgia syndrome. J Psychosom Res 2013; 75:500-10. [PMID: 24290038 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2013.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This paper presents a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) for FMS. METHODS The PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PsychINFO and CAMBASE databases were screened in September 2013 to identify randomized and non-randomized controlled trials comparing MBSR to control interventions. Major outcome measures were quality of life and pain; secondary outcomes included sleep quality, fatigue, depression and safety. Standardized mean differences and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. RESULTS Six trials were located with a total of 674 FMS patients. Analyses revealed low quality evidence for short-term improvement of quality of life (SMD=-0.35; 95% CI -0.57 to -0.12; P=0.002) and pain (SMD=-0.23; 95% CI -0.46 to -0.01; P=0.04) after MBSR, when compared to usual care; and for short-term improvement of quality of life (SMD=-0.32; 95% CI -0.59 to -0.04; P=0.02) and pain (SMD=-0.44; 95% CI -0.73 to -0.16; P=0.002) after MBSR, when compared to active control interventions. Effects were not robust against bias. No evidence was further found for secondary outcomes or long-term effects of MBSR. Safety data were not reported in any trial. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review found that MBSR might be a useful approach for FMS patients. According to the quality of evidence only a weak recommendation for MBSR can be made at this point. Further high quality RCTs are required for a conclusive judgment of its effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romy Lauche
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
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Mengshoel AM. Physiotherapy Management of Fibromyalgia: What do we know and how may this Affect Clinical Practice? PHYSICAL THERAPY REVIEWS 2013. [DOI: 10.1179/ptr.2000.5.2.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Lakhan SE, Schofield KL. Mindfulness-based therapies in the treatment of somatization disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71834. [PMID: 23990997 PMCID: PMC3753315 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mindfulness-based therapy (MBT) has been used effectively to treat a variety of physical and psychological disorders, including depression, anxiety, and chronic pain. Recently, several lines of research have explored the potential for mindfulness-therapy in treating somatization disorders, including fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, and irritable bowel syndrome. Methods Thirteen studies were identified as fulfilling the present criteria of employing randomized controlled trials to determine the efficacy of any form of MBT in treating somatization disorders. A meta-analysis of the effects of mindfulness-based therapy on pain, symptom severity, quality of life, depression, and anxiety was performed to determine the potential of this form of treatment. Findings While limited in power, the meta-analysis indicated a small to moderate positive effect of MBT (compared to wait-list or support group controls) in reducing pain (SMD = −0.21, 95% CI: −0.37, −0.03; p<0.05), symptom severity (SMD = −0.40, 95% CI: −0.54, −0.26; p<0.001), depression (SMD = −0.23, 95% CI: −0.40, −0.07, p<0.01), and anxiety (SMD = −0.20, 95% CI: −0.42, 0.02, p = 0.07) associated with somatization disorders, and improving quality of life (SMD = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.19, 0.59; p<0.001) in patients with this disorder. Subgroup analyses indicated that the efficacy of MBT was most consistent for irritable bowel syndrome (p<0.001 for pain, symptom severity, and quality of life), and that mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MCBT) were more effective than eclectic/unspecified MBT. Conclusions Preliminary evidence suggests that MBT may be effective in treating at least some aspects of somatization disorders. Further research is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaheen E. Lakhan
- Global Neuroscience Initiative Foundation, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Kerry L. Schofield
- Global Neuroscience Initiative Foundation, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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Parswani MJ, Sharma MP, Iyengar S. Mindfulness-based stress reduction program in coronary heart disease: A randomized control trial. Int J Yoga 2013; 6:111-7. [PMID: 23930029 PMCID: PMC3734636 DOI: 10.4103/0973-6131.113405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychological risk factors such as anxiety and depression have been associated with coronary heart disease (CHD). Stress can have an impact on the risk factors for the disease, such as high blood pressure (BP), physical inactivity and being overweight. AIMS Examine the effect of the Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) program on symptoms of anxiety and depression, perceived stress, BP and body mass index (BMI) in patients with CHD. SETTINGS AND DESIGN Intervention was carried out at an Outpatient clinic. Parallel group - MBSR group; and treatment-as-usual group (TAU) - randomized control design with pre- (baseline), post-intervention and follow-up assessments was adopted. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty male patients, age range (30-65 years) with CHD were randomly allocated to either group. The therapeutic program comprised of eight weekly sessions of structured MBSR intervention for the MBSR group and one health education session for the TAU group. Regular medical intervention and monthly consultations with the cardiologist were consistent for both groups. The main outcome measures were: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Perceived Stress Scale (perceived stress), BP and BMI. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Independent sample t-tests, chi square test and paired sample t-test were used. RESULTS All patients completed intervention in the MBSR group. Significant reduction was observed in symptoms of anxiety and depression, perceived stress, BP and BMI in patients of the MBSR group after the completion of intervention assessment. At 3-month follow-up, therapeutic gains were maintained in patients of the MBSR group. CONCLUSION The MBSR program is effective in reducing symptoms of anxiety and depression, perceived stress, BP and BMI in patients with CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish J Parswani
- Tiaho Mai, Adult Acute Inpatient Mental Health Unit, Middlemore Hospital, Private Bag 93311, Otahuhu, Auckland, New Zealand
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Kozasa EH, Tanaka LH, Monson C, Little S, Leao FC, Peres MP. The effects of meditation-based interventions on the treatment of fibromyalgia. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2013; 16:383-7. [PMID: 22717699 DOI: 10.1007/s11916-012-0285-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Meditation is the third most commonly requested complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapy reported in a US survey. Those who suffer from chronic pain are those who most frequently use CAM therapies. This review aims to evaluate whether meditation-based interventions can help the treatment of fibromyalgia. A PubMed search was conducted using the terms "fibromyalgia" and "meditation", or "mindfulness", or "mantra" or "relaxation response". We selected articles which clearly described a meditation intervention being used in the treatment of fibromyalgia. Only four articles were classified with score 3 in the Jadad scale. Another seven articles were included in this review. Most of the results indicate improvement in fibromyalgia-related symptoms in patients who participated in a meditation-based intervention. Considering only 4 of the 13 studies achieved a score of 3 on the Jadad scale, researchers of meditation interventions should discuss the best methodologic control for these studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa H Kozasa
- Instituto do Cérebro, Inst. Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein, Av. Albert Einstein, 627/701, CEP 05601-901, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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A Pilot Study Examining the Effect of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on Symptoms of Chronic Mild Traumatic Brain Injury/Postconcussive Syndrome. J Head Trauma Rehabil 2013; 28:323-31. [DOI: 10.1097/htr.0b013e318250ebda] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Taren AA, Creswell JD, Gianaros PJ. Dispositional mindfulness co-varies with smaller amygdala and caudate volumes in community adults. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64574. [PMID: 23717632 PMCID: PMC3661490 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mindfulness, a psychological process reflecting attention and awareness to what is happening in the present moment, has been associated with increased well-being and decreased depression and anxiety in both healthy and patient populations. However, little research has explored underlying neural pathways. Recent work suggests that mindfulness (and mindfulness training interventions) may foster neuroplastic changes in cortico-limbic circuits responsible for stress and emotion regulation. Building on this work, we hypothesized that higher levels of dispositional mindfulness would be associated with decreased grey matter volume in the amgydala. In the present study, a self-report measure of dispositional mindfulness and structural MRI images were obtained from 155 healthy community adults. Volumetric analyses showed that higher dispositional mindfulness is associated with decreased grey matter volume in the right amygdala, and exploratory analyses revealed that higher dispositional mindfulness is also associated with decreased grey matter volume in the left caudate. Moreover, secondary analyses indicate that these amygdala and caudate volume associations persist after controlling for relevant demographic and individual difference factors (i.e., age, total grey matter volume, neuroticism, depression). Such volumetric differences may help explain why mindful individuals have reduced stress reactivity, and suggest new candidate structural neurobiological pathways linking mindfulness with mental and physical health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne A. Taren
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - J. David Creswell
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Peter J. Gianaros
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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Felver JC, Doerner E, Jones J, Kaye NC, Merrell KW. MINDFULNESS IN SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY: APPLICATIONS FOR INTERVENTION AND PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE. PSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pits.21695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy in the Treatment of Fibromyalgia: A Randomised Trial. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10608-013-9538-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Omidi A, Mohammadkhani P, Mohammadi A, Zargar F. Comparing mindfulness based cognitive therapy and traditional cognitive behavior therapy with treatments as usual on reduction of major depressive disorder symptoms. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2013; 15:142-6. [PMID: 23682326 PMCID: PMC3652501 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.8018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Revised: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background In this studyMindfulness and CBT were combined to investigate the enhance of psychotropic work. Both therapies have integrated acceptance-based mindfulness approaches with change-based cognitive behavioral therapies to create efficacious treatments. That is, introduce use of MBCT in active phase of treatment and chronic depression. Objectives This study was done to evaluate efficacy of Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) and traditional Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) with Treatments as usual (TAU) to reduce psychiatric symptoms in a sample of patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Materials and Methods 90 patients who were referred to clinics of university of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences and Tehran University Counseling Centre and met DSM-IV criteria for MDD were selected. They were randomly assigned to MBCT (n = 30), CBT (n = 30), or TAU (n = 30). They were aged between 18 and 45 years (M = 28, SD = 8), with an average of two previous depression episodes. They were interviewed through the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV and self-report by Brief Symptom Inventory, pre and post treatment. Patients in MBCT and CBT group received the treatment, while TAU group continued therapy (anti-depressant). Results The results indicated that MBCT and CBT groups have significant efficacy on reduction of MDD symptoms. Conclusions MBCT appears to be as effective as CBT in the treatment of current depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdollah Omidi
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR Iran
| | - Parvaneh Mohammadkhani
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Abolfazl Mohammadi
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR Iran
| | - Fatemeh Zargar
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Fatemeh Zargar, Department of clinical psychology, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR Iran. E-mail:
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Reiner K, Tibi L, Lipsitz JD. Do mindfulness-based interventions reduce pain intensity? A critical review of the literature. PAIN MEDICINE 2012; 14:230-42. [PMID: 23240921 DOI: 10.1111/pme.12006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) emphasizing a nonjudgmental attitude toward present moment experience are widely used for chronic pain patients. Although changing or controlling pain is not an explicit aim of MBIs, recent experimental studies suggest that mindfulness practice may lead to changes in pain tolerance and pain intensity ratings. OBJECTIVE The objective of this review is to investigate the specific effect of MBIs on pain intensity. METHODS A literature search was conducted using the databases PUBMED and PsycINFO for relevant articles published from 1960 to December 2010. We additionally conducted a manual search of references from the retrieved articles. Only studies providing detailed results on change in pain intensity ratings were included. RESULTS Sixteen studies were included in this review (eight uncontrolled and eight controlled trials). In most studies (10 of 16), there was significantly decreased pain intensity in the MBI group. Findings were more consistently positive for samples limited to clinical pain (9 of 11). In addition, most controlled trials (6 of 8) reveal higher reductions in pain intensity for MBIs compared with control groups. Results from follow-up assessments reveal that reductions in pain intensity were generally well maintained. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that MBIs decrease the intensity of pain for chronic pain patients. We discuss implications for understanding mechanisms of change in MBIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keren Reiner
- Department of Psychology, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
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Garland EL, Gaylord SA, Palsson O, Faurot K, Douglas Mann J, Whitehead WE. Therapeutic mechanisms of a mindfulness-based treatment for IBS: effects on visceral sensitivity, catastrophizing, and affective processing of pain sensations. J Behav Med 2012; 35:591-602. [PMID: 22161025 PMCID: PMC3883954 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-011-9391-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Accepted: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a prevalent functional disorder characterized by abdominal pain and hypervigilance to gastrointestinal sensations. We hypothesized that mindfulness training (MT), which promotes nonreactive awareness of emotional and sensory experience, may target underlying mechanisms of IBS including affective pain processing and catastrophic appraisals of gastrointestinal sensations. Seventy five female IBS patients were randomly assigned to participate in either 8 weeks of MT or a social support group. A theoretically grounded, multivariate path model tested therapeutic mediators of the effect of MT on IBS severity and quality of life. Results suggest that MT exerts significant therapeutic effects on IBS symptoms by promoting nonreactivity to gut-focused anxiety and catastrophic appraisals of the significance of abdominal sensations coupled with a refocusing of attention onto interoceptive data with less emotional interference. Hence, MT appears to target and ameliorate the underlying pathogenic mechanisms of IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric L Garland
- College of Social Work, Trinity Institute for the Addictions, Florida State University, 296 Champions Way, PO Box 3062570, Tallahassee, FL, 32306-2570, USA,
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Carlson LE. Mindfulness-based interventions for physical conditions: a narrative review evaluating levels of evidence. ISRN PSYCHIATRY 2012; 2012:651583. [PMID: 23762768 PMCID: PMC3671698 DOI: 10.5402/2012/651583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Research on mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) for treating symptoms of a wide range of medical conditions has proliferated in recent decades. Mindfulness is the cultivation of nonjudgmental awareness in the present moment. It is both a practice and a way of being in the world. Mindfulness is purposefully cultivated in a range of structured interventions, the most popular of which is mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR), followed by mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT). This paper begins with a discussion of the phenomenological experience of coping with a chronic and potentially life-threatening illness, followed by a theoretical discussion of the application of mindfulness in these situations. The literature evaluating MBIs within medical conditions is then comprehensively reviewed, applying a levels of evidence rating framework within each major condition. The bulk of the research looked at diagnoses of cancer, pain conditions (chronic pain, low back pain, fibromyalgia, and rheumatoid arthritis), cardiovascular disease, diabetes, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), and irritable bowel syndrome. Most outcomes assessed are psychological in nature and show substantial benefit, although some physical and disease-related parameters have also been evaluated. The field would benefit from more adequately powered randomized controlled trials utilizing active comparison groups and assessing the moderating role of patient characteristics and program "dose" in determining outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda E. Carlson
- Division of Psychosocial Oncology, Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4N2
- Department of Psychosocial Resources, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Alberta Health Services Cancer Care, Calgary, AB, Canada T2S 3C1
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Del Re AC, Flückiger C, Goldberg SB, Hoyt WT. Monitoring mindfulness practice quality: an important consideration in mindfulness practice. Psychother Res 2012; 23:54-66. [PMID: 23046287 DOI: 10.1080/10503307.2012.729275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) is an experientially based group intervention empirically supported to reduce psychological symptomology. Although MBSR has shown to be an effective intervention, little is known about which facets of the intervention are important in producing positive outcomes. This study tested several aspects of mindfulness practice (total practice duration, practice frequency and practice quality) with the primary focus being on validating (i.e., predictive and convergent validity) a new measure of mindfulness practice quality (PQ-M). The PQ-M fit a two-factor solution via a Maximum Likelihood Exploratory Factor Analysis (n=99). Using longitudinal multilevel modeling on a smaller subsample (n=19), preliminary support was found for changes in practice quality over the course of the MBSR intervention. Further, change in practice quality was associated with improvements in psychological symptoms. While this study was exploratory, these findings suggest that practice quality is a relevant factor to promote positive outcomes and may guide mindfulness instructors in providing highly tailored interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Del Re
- Center for Health Care Evaluation, VA Palo Alto Health Care System & Stanford University Medical School, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
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