1
|
Liu Y, Chai X, Sang B, Zhang S. Differences in the effect of adolescents' strategies for expressing academic emotions on academic emotions and peer acceptance in competitive and cooperative situations. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1407885. [PMID: 39021655 PMCID: PMC11252489 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1407885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Two studies were conducted to explore the differences in the effect of adolescents' strategies for expressing academic emotions. In Study 1 a total of 65 adolescents participated in the study of the relationship between academic emotions and strategies for expressing them in competitive and cooperative situations. In Study 2 a total of 113 adolescents participated in the study of the relationship between the strategies and peer acceptance in competitive and cooperative situations. The results showed that the relationship between academic emotions and strategies for expressing them in competitive and cooperative situations was situation stable while the relationship between the strategies and peer acceptance was situation specific. Furthermore, emotional expression may be more adaptive when experiencing positive academic emotions. When adolescents experience negative academic emotions, expressing them is more adaptive from the perspective of their own academic emotional experience; whereas suppressing them is more adaptive from the perspective of peer acceptance. These findings (a) clarify how to use more adaptive strategies for emotional expression in various situations and (b) serve as a guide for helping adolescents use strategies to express emotions flexibly according to the situation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Wenbo College, East China University of Political Science and Law, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyun Chai
- Department of Applied Psychology, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Biao Sang
- Lab for Educational Big Data and Policymaking, Shanghai Academy of Educational Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaohua Zhang
- School of Preschool Education, Xi’an University, Xi’an, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Macía P, Gorbeña S, Barranco M, Iglesias N, Iraurgi I. A global health model integrating psychological variables involved in cancer through a longitudinal study. Front Psychol 2022; 13:873849. [PMID: 35967626 PMCID: PMC9366101 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.873849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveThe literature has shown the relevance of certain psychological variables in adjustment to cancer. However, there is a great variability, and these features could be modified through the disease process. The aim of this study is to provide an integrated and global perspective of the importance of variables such as coping, resilience, emotional control, social support, affect, and others in cancer patients through a longitudinal study, with the objective of exploring their associations and underlying interactions.MethodsThe sample was composed of 71 people diagnosed with cancer who were attending psychological support at the Spanish Association Against Cancer (Biscay). We assessed the following variables in two periods of 6 months: perceived stress (PSS), emotional control (CECS), resilience (CD-RISC), coping strategies (CERQ), personality (NEOFFI), social support (MOSS), affect (PANAS), emotional distress (GHQ), quality of life (SF-12) and visual-analogic scales (EVA).ResultsResults showed predictive effects of perceived stress on physical health perception (β = −0.22; t = −3.26; p = 0.002). Mental health perception was influenced by almost all the psychological variables. Consciousness at baseline (βCo = 0.15; p = 0.003), change in Extraversion (βEx = 0.16; p = 0.001) and Resilience (βRe = 0.15; p = 0.002) had significant effects on perceived mental health.ConclusionThis study provides a global health model that integrates and explores associations between psychological variables related to cancer disease. This information could be useful for guiding personalized psychotherapeutic interventions, with the aim of increasing adjustment to disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Macía
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Basque Country, UPV/EHU, San Sebastian, Spain
- *Correspondence: Patricia Macía,
| | - Susana Gorbeña
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
| | | | - Nerea Iglesias
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Ioseba Iraurgi
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bajaj S, Killgore WDS. Association between emotional intelligence and effective brain connectome: A large-scale spectral DCM study. Neuroimage 2021; 229:117750. [PMID: 33454407 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.117750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Emotional Intelligence (EI) is a well-documented aspect of social and interpersonal functioning, but the underlying neural mechanisms for this capacity remain poorly understood. Here we used advanced brain connectivity techniques to explore the associations between EI and effective connectivity (EC) within four functional brain networks. METHODS The Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT) was used to collect EI data from 55 healthy individuals (mean age = 30.56±8.3 years, 26 males). The MSCEIT comprises two area cores - experiential EI (T1) and strategic EI (T2). The T1 core included two sub-scales - perception of emotions (S1) and using emotions to facilitate thinking (S2), and the T2 core included two sub-scales - understanding of emotions (S3) and management of emotions (S4). All participants underwent structural and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) scans. The spectral dynamic causal modeling approach was implemented to estimate EC within four networks of interest - the default-mode network (DMN), dorsal attention network (DAN), control-execution network (CEN) and salience network (SN). The strength of EC within each network was correlated with the measures of EI, with correlations at pFDR < 0.05 considered as significant. RESULTS There was no significant association between any of the measures of EI and EC strength within the DMN and DAN. For CEN, however, we found that there were significant negative associations between EC strength from the right anterior prefrontal cortex (RAPFC) to the left anterior prefrontal cortex (LAPFC) and both S2 and T1, and significant positive associations between EC strength from LAPFC to RAPFC and S2. EC strength from the right superior parietal cortex (SPC) to RAPFC also showed significant negative association with S4 and T2. For the SN, S3 showed significant negative association with EC strength from the right insula to RAPFC and significant positive association with EC strength from the left insula to dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (DACC). CONCLUSIONS We provide evidence that the negative ECs within the right hemisphere, and from the right to left hemisphere, and positive ECs within the left hemisphere and from the left to right hemisphere of CEN (involving bilateral frontal and right parietal region) and SN (involving right frontal, anterior cingulate and bilateral insula) play a significant role in regulating and processing emotions. These findings also suggest that measures of EC can be utilized as important biomarkers to better understand the underlying neural mechanisms of EI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sahil Bajaj
- Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Laboratory (SCAN Lab), Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Multimodal Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory (MCNL), Center for Neurobehavioral Research, Boys Town National Research Hospital, 14015 Flanagan Blvd. Suite #102, Boys Town, NE 68010, USA.
| | - William D S Killgore
- Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Laboratory (SCAN Lab), Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gao J, Wu G, Mao E, Zhao H. Auricular acupuncture for breast cancer-related depression: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e22870. [PMID: 33157929 PMCID: PMC7647511 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000022870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is a common disease in galactophore department. Patients with breast cancer are prone to depression, with the incidence of depression ranging from 13% to 23% and as high as 70% in patients with advanced stage. On the one hand, it is related to the physiological characteristics, personality characteristics, and social factors of women themselves. On the other hand, it is related to the common tumors of women, such as breast cancer, examination, and antitumor treatment. Due to the serious side effects of chemotherapy drugs, patients can always feel the presence of cancer. In addition, the mark of radiotherapy and fatigue make the psychological burden continue to have excessive economic burden, and lack of understanding from both social and family, discrimination and patients' own psychological endurance are all causes of breast cancer factors contributing to depressive symptoms in patients. Auricular acupuncture as a form of acupuncture therapy which is proved to be effective in RCTs and very suitable for patients, has been used in patients who suffer from breast cancer-related depression for a long time, therefore, a systematic review is necessary to provide available evidence for further study. METHODS The following databases will be searched from their inception to August 2020: Electronic database includes PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Nature, Science online, VIP medicine information, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. Primary outcomes: Score of depression symptoms. Additional outcomes: The overall effective rate. Data will be extracted by 2 researchers independently, risk of bias of the meta-analysis will be evaluated based on the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. All data analysis will be conducted by data statistics software Review Manager V.5.3. and Stata V.12.0. RESULTS The results of this study will systematically evaluate the effectiveness and safety of auricular acupuncture intervention for people with breast cancer-related depression. CONCLUSION The systematic review of this study will summarize the current published evidence of auricular acupuncture for the treatment of breast cancer-related depression, which can further guide the promotion and application of it. OPEN SCIENCE FRA NETWORK (OSF) REGISTRATION NUMBER September 11, 2020 osf.io/5b7yw. (https://osf.io/5b7yw).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junxiang Gao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of Linyi Central Hospital
| | - Guangling Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of Linyi Central Hospital
| | - Enxia Mao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of Linyi Central Hospital
| | - Honglian Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics of Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, Province, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Luo J, Chen X, Tindle H, Shadyab AH, Saquib N, Hale L, Garcia L, Springfield S, Liu B, Nassir R, Snetselaar L, Hendryx M. Do health behaviors mediate associations between personality traits and diabetes incidence? Ann Epidemiol 2020; 53:7-13.e2. [PMID: 32805399 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2020.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Personality traits have been reported to be associated with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) risk. The objective of this study was to examine whether and to what extent the associations between personality traits (dispositional optimism, hostility, and negative emotional expressiveness) and risk of T2DM were mediated by health behaviors and obesity. METHODS Postmenopausal women (n = 110,992) aged 50-79 years without diabetes at enrollment in the Women's Health Initiative study (1993-1998) were followed up to 25 years. Incident diabetes was assessed via a validated self-report of physician-diagnosed diabetes treated with insulin or other hypoglycemic medications. Mediation analyses were performed using approaches under a counterfactual framework. RESULTS An inverse association of optimism with diabetes was significantly mediated by a factor primarily extracted from physical activity, diet quality, and sleep quality with a mediated proportion of 28%. Positive associations for hostility and negative emotional expressiveness were substantially mediated by a factor primarily composed of body mass index and waist circumference with mediated proportions of 32% and 44%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our data revealed that less than half of the associations between personality traits and risk of T2DM were explained by indirect health behavior pathways. Women's personality traits should be considered in prevention of diabetes in addition to promoting health behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juhua Luo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN.
| | - Xiwei Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN
| | - Hilary Tindle
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Univeristy, Nashville, TN
| | - Aladdin H Shadyab
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla
| | - Nazmus Saquib
- Research Unit, College of Medicine, Sulaiman AlRajhi University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lauren Hale
- Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, NY
| | - Lorena Garcia
- Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine University of California, Davis
| | - Sparkle Springfield
- Department of Public Health, Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL
| | - Buyun Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, IA
| | - Rami Nassir
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Linda Snetselaar
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Univeristy of Iowa, IA
| | - Michael Hendryx
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Macía P, Gorbeña S, Barranco M, Alonso E, Iraurgi I. Role of resilience and emotional control in relation to mental health in people with cancer. J Health Psychol 2020; 27:211-222. [PMID: 32783467 PMCID: PMC8739566 DOI: 10.1177/1359105320946358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explored the relationship between emotional control, resilience, and mental health in cancer. Patients with cancer were recruited (n = 170). Courtauld Scale of Emotional Control, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and the General Health Questionnaire were selected. Assuming the absence of interaction among the variables, they were analyzed separately. Four groups resulted, finding statistically significant differences (F(4, 165) = 18.03; p < 0.001). High resilience and low emotional control seem to be protective attributes, and high emotional control has demonstrated to be a risk factor for mental health. Considering differences in cancer-related psychological variables could derive in personalized psychotherapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Macía
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatments, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Bilbao (Biscay), Spain
| | - Susana Gorbeña
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatments, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Bilbao (Biscay), Spain
| | - Mercedes Barranco
- Spanish Association Against Cancer, Provincial Office of Biscay, Spain
| | - Estibaliz Alonso
- Spanish Association Against Cancer, Provincial Office of Biscay, Spain
| | - Ioseba Iraurgi
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatments, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Bilbao (Biscay), Spain
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rice SM, Kealy D, Ogrodniczuk JS, Seidler ZE, Denehy L, Oliffe JL. The Cost of Bottling It Up: Emotion Suppression as a Mediator in the Relationship Between Anger and Depression Among Men with Prostate Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:1039-1046. [PMID: 32104085 PMCID: PMC7023872 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s237770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prostate cancer is a risk factor for major depressive disorder. Recent psycho-oncology research suggests a potential role for male-specific mood-related symptoms in this relationship. Gender socialisation experiences may reinforce men's anger and emotion suppression responses in times of distress, and anger and emotion suppression may be implicated in pathways to, and maintenance of depression in prostate cancer. Patients and Methods Data were collected online from men with a self-reported diagnosis of prostate cancer (N=100; mean age 64.8 years). Respondents provided information regarding diagnosis and treatment, in addition to current experience of major depression and male-specific externalising symptoms. Results Prostate cancer diagnosis in the last 12 months occurred for 35.4% of the sample. Elevated major depression symptoms were observed for 49% of respondents, with 14% endorsing past 2-week suicide ideation. Parallel mediation analysis (99% CIs) controlling for prostatectomy and active surveillance indicated men's emotion suppression mediated the relationship between anger and depression symptoms (R 2=0.580). Trichotimised emotion suppression scores with control variables yielded a large multivariate effect (p<0.001, partial η 2=0.199). Univariate moderate-sized effects were observed for emotion suppression comparisons for symptoms of depressed mood and sleep disturbance, and a large effect observed for guilt-proneness. Conclusion Findings highlight the salience of anger in the experience of depression symptoms for men with prostate cancer. The mediating role of emotion suppression, which in turn was strongly linked to men's feelings of guilt, suggests potential assessment and intervention targets. Future work should examine the role of androgen deprivation therapy and other treatments including active surveillance on the relationship between anger and depression in men with prostate cancer. Consideration of interventions focused on emotion processing skills in psycho-oncology settings may help reduce men's reliance on emotion suppression as a strategy for coping with feelings of anger or guilt in the context of prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon M Rice
- Orygen, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David Kealy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - John S Ogrodniczuk
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Zac E Seidler
- Orygen, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Linda Denehy
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Allied Health, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - John L Oliffe
- School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Nursing, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Does Marital Adjustment Mediate Type C Personality-Depressive Symptoms Relation? A Comparison between Breast Cancer Patients and Cancer-Free Women. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-017-9693-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
9
|
Malloch YZ, Taylor LD. Emotional Self-Disclosure in Online Breast Cancer Support Groups: Examining Theme, Reciprocity, and Linguistic Style Matching. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2019; 34:764-773. [PMID: 29400555 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2018.1434737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated emotional self-disclosure (ESD) patterns and their effects in online support groups specific to different stages of breast cancer. Linguistic features of messages posted to an online breast cancer support group were analyzed. ESD was common, and was consistent across four stage forums. Emotional talk was linked to a variety of themes, but most prominently in the context of discussions about social connections rather than health or death. Linguistic style matching mediated the relationship between ESD in posts and reciprocal ESD in comments, suggesting a key role for mutual understanding and engagement between posters and commenters. Implications for health communication theory and practice were discussed.
Collapse
|
10
|
Lehto US, Ojanen M, Väkevä A, Dyba T, Aromaa A, Kellokumpu-Lehtinen P. Early quality-of-life and psychological predictors of disease-free time and survival in localized prostate cancer. Qual Life Res 2019; 28:677-686. [PMID: 30511254 PMCID: PMC6394517 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-018-2069-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The constructs evaluated in investigating association between psychosocial factors and cancer survival has varied between studies, and factors related to quality of life (QOL) have shown contradictory results. We investigated the effect of socioeconomic and early QOL and psychological factors on disease-free time and survival in localized prostate cancer. METHODS A consecutive sample of patients with localized prostate cancer (T1-3, N0, M0) treated with external beam radiotherapy completed validated questionnaires on coping with cancer (the Ways of Coping Questionnaire WOC-CA), anger expression (the Anger Expression Scale), life events (the Life Experience Survey), and various aspects of QOL (the Rotterdam Symptom Checklist, the Depression Scale DEPS, the EORTC QLQ-C30, the LENT-SOMA outcome measure) approximately 4.5 months after diagnosis. Cox regression analyses were used to determine the predictors of the disease-free and overall survival times measured from the date of diagnosis to the date of a PSA-relapse and date of death. RESULTS After controlling for biological prognostic factors, age, and adjuvant hormonal therapies, moderate and high socioeconomic status and an increased level of pain predicted longer survival, whereas an increased level of prostate-area symptoms and fatigue and, especially, reports of no/few physical symptoms were predictors of a shorter survival time. A longer PSA-relapse-free time was predicted by Cognitive Avoidance/Denial coping, whereas problems in social functioning, hopelessness, and an excellent self-reported QOL predicted a shorter PSA-relapse-free time. CONCLUSIONS Higher socioeconomic status was prognostic for longer survival, as previously reported. Patients with a seemingly good QOL (few physical complaints, excellent self-reported QOL) had poorer prognoses. This association may due to the survival decreasing effect of emotional non-expression; patients with high emotional non-expression may over-report their wellbeing in simple measures, and thus actually be in need of extra attention and care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulla-Sisko Lehto
- Medical School, Oncology, University of Tampere, 33014, Tampere, Finland.
- Public Health Evaluation and Projection, National Institute for Health and Welfare THL, Mannerheimintie 166, P.O. Box 30, 00271, Helsinki, Finland.
- Department of Oncology, Tampere University Hospital, PL 2000, 33521, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Markku Ojanen
- Department of Psychology, University of Tampere, 33014, Tampere, Finland
| | - Anna Väkevä
- Medical School, Oncology, University of Tampere, 33014, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Oncology, Tampere University Hospital, PL 2000, 33521, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tadeusz Dyba
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Pieni Roobertinkatu 9, 00130, Helsinki, Finland
- Joint Research Centre (JRC), European Commission, Building 58A/006, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, TP 581, 21027, Ispra, Italy
| | - Arpo Aromaa
- Public Health Evaluation and Projection, National Institute for Health and Welfare THL, Mannerheimintie 166, P.O. Box 30, 00271, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pirkko Kellokumpu-Lehtinen
- Medical School, Oncology, University of Tampere, 33014, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Oncology, Tampere University Hospital, PL 2000, 33521, Tampere, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Cho H, Silver N, Na K, Adams D, Luong KT, Song C. Visual Cancer Communication on Social Media: An Examination of Content and Effects of #Melanomasucks. J Med Internet Res 2018; 20:e10501. [PMID: 30185403 PMCID: PMC6231808 DOI: 10.2196/10501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Instagram is increasingly becoming a platform on which visual communication of cancer takes place, but few studies have investigated the content and effects. In particular, a paucity of research has evaluated the effects of visual communication of cancer on participative engagement outcomes. Objective The objective of our study was to investigate cancer-related beliefs and emotions shared on Instagram and to examine their effects on participative engagement outcomes including likes, comments, and social support. Methods This study analyzed the content of 441 posts of #melanomasucks on Instagram and assessed the effects of the content characteristics on outcomes, including the number of likes and comments and types of social support using group least absolute shrinkage and selection operator logistic regression. Results Posts about controlling melanoma were most frequent (271/441, 61.5%), followed by 240 (54.4%) posts about outcomes of having melanoma. Ninety posts (20.4%) were about the causes of melanoma. A greater number of posts expressed positive (159/441, 36.1%) than negative emotions (100/441, 22.7%). Eighty posts (18.1%) expressed hope, making it the most frequently expressed emotion; 49 posts expressed fear (11.1%), 46 were humorous (10.4%), and 46 showed sadness (10.4%). Posts about self behavior as a cause of melanoma decreased likes (P<.001) and social support comments (P=.048). Posts about physical consequences of melanoma decreased likes (P=.02) but increased comments (P<.001) and emotional social support (P<.001); posts about melanoma treatment experience increased comments (P=.03) and emotional social support (P<.001). None of the expressions of positive emotions increased likes, comments, or social support. Expression of anger increased the number of likes (P<.001) but those about fear (P<.001) and joy (P=.006) decreased the number of likes. Posts about fear (P=.003) and sadness (P=.003) increased emotional social support. Posts showing images of melanoma or its treatment on the face or body parts made up 21.8% (96/441) of total posts. Inclusion of images increased the number of comments (P=.001). Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first investigation of the content and effects of user-generated visual cancer communication on social media. The findings show where the self-expressive and social engagement functions of #melanomasucks converge and diverge, providing implications for extending research on the commonsense model of illness and for developing conceptual frameworks explaining participative engagement on social media.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyunyi Cho
- School of Communication, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Nathan Silver
- School of Communication, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Kilhoe Na
- School of Communication, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | | | - Kate T Luong
- School of Communication, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Chi Song
- Division of Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Montes-Nogueira I, Campos-Uscanga Y, Gutiérrez-Ospina G, Hernández-Pozo MDR, Larralde C, Romo-González T. Psychological Features of Breast Cancer in Mexican Women II: The Psychological Network. ADVANCES IN NEUROIMMUNE BIOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.3233/nib-170125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Iván Montes-Nogueira
- Área de Biología y Salud Integral, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Mexico
- Doctorado en Psicología, Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Mexico
| | | | - Gabriel Gutiérrez-Ospina
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Coordinación de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | | | - Carlos Larralde
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - Tania Romo-González
- Área de Biología y Salud Integral, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Rawlings GH, Brown I, Stone B, Reuber M. A pilot randomised controlled trial of a home-based writing intervention for individuals with seizures. Psychol Health 2018; 33:1151-1171. [PMID: 29843528 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2018.1478974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the feasibility, acceptability and preliminary effectiveness of a writing intervention for individuals with epilepsy or psychogenic nonepileptic seizures. METHODS Individuals were randomised to write about potentially 'therapeutic' topics (n = 43) or about their daily events (n = 25). Participants were asked to write on four separate occasions for at least 20 min. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to investigate change in measures of health-related quality of life (NEWQoL-6D), depression (NDDI-E), anxiety (GAD-7) and illness perception (B-IPQ) from baseline to one and three-month follow-ups. Qualitative and quantitative data taken from a Writing Task Questionnaire was analysed between the two conditions. RESULTS Recruitment was acceptable with 52% of those randomised completing the full writing intervention. In both conditions, participants wrote for longer than 20 min suggesting those who completed the study engaged well with the procedure. Greater benefits were observed in the 'therapeutic' condition (p < 0.05), which was associated with an improvement in health-related quality of life at one-month follow-up (p = 0.02). No differences were found in the other measures. CONCLUSIONS A writing intervention is acceptable in this population. Self-reported benefits were modest, suggesting therapeutic writing may be more suitable as a supplement to other therapies rather than a stand-alone therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregg H Rawlings
- a Academic Neurology Unit , University of Sheffield , Sheffield , UK
| | - Ian Brown
- b Department of Psychology , University of Sheffield , Sheffield , UK
| | - Brendan Stone
- c School of English , University of Sheffield , Sheffield , UK
| | - Markus Reuber
- a Academic Neurology Unit , University of Sheffield , Sheffield , UK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bussmann S, Vaganian L, Kusch M, Labouvie H, Gerlach AL, Cwik JC. Angst und Emotionsregulation bei Krebspatienten. PSYCHOTHERAPEUT 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00278-018-0283-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
15
|
Abstract
The functional theory of psychogenic illness proposes that the human capacity for psychological states to cause physical illness evolved during the Paleolithic as an adaptive mechanism for ensuring mutually interdependent behaviour under conditions when mutual interdependence was essential for survival. This integrative theory is consistent with existing data from several disciplines, including archaeology, anthropology, ecology and health psychology, and leads to two sorts of empirical consequence for health psychology. First, the theory acts as a heuristic for suggesting the most predictive psychological units for use in health psychology: the current weak or inconsistent results may be the consequence of using an inappropriate psychological unit, namely behavioural aggregation. Secondly, the theory provides predictions about how psychological variables should interact with type of disease, age and sex.
Collapse
|
16
|
Reed RG, Weihs KL, Sbarra DA, Breen EC, Irwin MR, Butler EA. Emotional acceptance, inflammation, and sickness symptoms across the first two years following breast cancer diagnosis. Brain Behav Immun 2016; 56:165-74. [PMID: 26916219 PMCID: PMC4917434 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2016.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Breast cancer diagnosis and treatment are associated with increased inflammatory activity, which can induce sickness symptoms. We examined whether emotional acceptance moderates the association between proinflammatory cytokines and self-reported sickness symptoms in women recently diagnosed with breast cancer. METHODS Women (N=136) diagnosed with stage 0-III breast cancer within the previous 6months provided plasma samples and completed the FACT: Physical Well-Being Scale, as well as the Acceptance of Emotion Scale every 3months for 2years. At each time point, we quantified interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α using a high sensitivity multiplex assay. RESULTS Higher within-subject mean TNF-α across all time-points predicted higher mean sickness symptoms. At individual time-points, higher IL-6 and IL-8 levels were associated with higher sickness symptoms. Mean emotional acceptance across all time-points moderated the relationship between mean IL-8 and sickness symptoms, with sickness symptoms remaining persistently high in women with low emotional acceptance even when IL-8 levels were low. At individual time-points, emotional acceptance positively moderated the correlations of IL-8 and TNF-α with sickness symptoms, such that the associations between higher levels of these proinflammatory cytokines and higher sickness symptoms were attenuated when emotional acceptance was high. CONCLUSION Emotional acceptance was shown for the first time to moderate the associations of cytokines with sickness symptoms in breast cancer patients over time following diagnosis and treatment. The association between emotional acceptance and sickness symptoms was significantly different from zero but relatively small in comparison to the range of sickness symptoms. Results suggest that targeting emotion regulation may help to break the cycle between inflammation and sickness symptoms in women with breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca G Reed
- Division of Family Studies and Human Development, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
| | - Karen L Weihs
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - David A Sbarra
- Department of Psychology, College of Social and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Breen
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael R Irwin
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Emily A Butler
- Division of Family Studies and Human Development, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
Cancer traditionally has been explained by the biomedical model; however, it is limited in comprehensively accounting for all factors in this disease. Recently, it has been suggested that a broader theoretical framework that includes psychosocial components in cancer is needed to complement the traditional approach. The purpose of this article, therefore, is to explore the utility of attachment theory as a biopsychosocial model of both development and health. Attachment, a developmental theory, explains how repeated interactions between caregiver and child in the early years establish lifelong psychosocial, physiological, affective, and cognitive patterns as well as enduring patterns of stress response to threat or illness. Despite attachment theory’s biopsychosocial foundation, the application of attachment security as a factor in physical health and psychosomatic medicine is relatively recent. The current work reviews attachment theory and psychosocial literature with regard to cancer and follows with a novel attempt to conceptually integrate both bodies of literature. A concluding integrative model of attachment theory and the type C behavior pattern is provided to illustrate potential links and integrative processes that may lead to disease resilience or vulnerability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Tacón
- Department of Health, Exercise and Sport Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lichtenthal WG, Cruess DG, Schuchter LM, Ming ME. Psychosocial Factors Related to the Correspondence of Recipient and Provider Perceptions of Social Support among Patients Diagnosed with or at Risk for Malignant Melanoma. J Health Psychol 2016; 8:705-19. [PMID: 14670205 DOI: 10.1177/13591053030086005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined considered perceptions of social support and factors contributing to increased support among 18 patients diagnosed with or at risk for malignant melanoma and their partners. Partner support, perceived stress, emotional approach coping and partner empathy were evaluated. Results showed lack of correspondence between patient and partner reports of support. Greater correspondence between reports was associated with increased patient emotional approach coping. Partners reported increased empathy following the patients’ diagnoses and more perceived stress than patients. Patients indicated greater use of emotional approach coping than their partners. Male partners reported engaging in less emotional expression than female partners. Interventions might incorporate partner participation to resolve misperceptions of support and to foster factors that promote increased support.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wendy G Lichtenthal
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Brandão T, Tavares R, Schulz MS, Matos PM. Measuring emotion regulation and emotional expression in breast cancer patients: A systematic review. Clin Psychol Rev 2016; 43:114-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
20
|
Zhou C, Wu Y, An S, Li X. Effect of Expressive Writing Intervention on Health Outcomes in Breast Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131802. [PMID: 26151818 PMCID: PMC4494859 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have arrived at conflicting conclusions on expressive writing (EW) as an intervention for breast cancer (BC) patients, but there has been no meta-analysis of these studies to assess the effectiveness of EW in BC population. METHODS PubMed, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and CINAHL and the www.clinicaltrial.gov database on ongoing clinical trials were searched to identify all the RCTs investigating efficacy of EW on the physical and psychological health in BC patients. The risk of bias of the original studies was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration's tool. Our primary outcomes for physical and psychological health were respectively negative somatic symptoms and negative mood which were stratified by emotional, benefit-finding and multiple prompts in sub-group analyses. The data were analyzed using Review Manager 5.2 and Stata version 12.0 statistical software. RESULTS Of the 5,232 titles screened, we identified 11 RCTs with a total of 1,178 participants. The pooled results showed a significant effect of EW using either an emotional prompt or a benefit-finding prompt on reducing negative somatic symptoms in BC patients in the ≤3-month follow-up group [Mean Difference (MD), -13.03, 95% CI, -19.23 to -6.83, P<0.0001; MD, -9.18, 95% CI, -15.57 to -2.79, P = 0.005]. There was no significant effect of EW on physical health in the >3-month follow-up group. There were no significant differences regarding psychological health indexes between EW intervention and control groups at any of the follow-up time-points (P>0.05). CONCLUSION This systematic review and meta-analysis reveals that EW intervention may have a significantly positive impact on the physical health but not the psychological health in BC patients, but this benefit may not last long. However, further high-quality studies with more homogeneity are needed to confirm the current findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunlan Zhou
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yanni Wu
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Shengli An
- Department of Bio-Statistics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Xiaojin Li
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Trait emotional suppression is associated with increased activation of the rostral anterior cingulate cortex in response to masked angry faces. Neuroreport 2015; 25:771-6. [PMID: 24858795 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000000175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Emotional suppression (ES) is a critical component of the ability to self-regulate emotion. However, people who chronically use ES as a primary strategy often experience heightened anxiety or depression. Although functional neuroimaging studies have extensively mapped the brain regions involving in emotional regulation, the neural substrates of ES as a trait construct remain relatively unexplored. Using a validated backward masked facial affect paradigm, we examined the association between ES and functional brain responses to masked angry, fearful, and happy faces. Healthy adults underwent functional MRI and completed the Courtauld Emotional Control Scale as a measure of ES. Correlations between self-reported ES and brain responses to the facial affect stimuli (affective>neutral) were evaluated within the brain regions involved in emotional processing, including the amygdala, insula, anterior cingulate cortex, medial prefrontal cortex, and orbitofrontal cortex. In response to angry faces, higher trait tendency to suppress anger and anxiety was significantly correlated with increased activation within the rostral anterior cingulate cortex, whereas no correlation was observed for masked happy or fearful faces. This finding suggests that the rostral anterior cingulate cortex contributes to the unconscious suppression of emotional responses to angry facial affect and may play a role in the mediating anatomy of trait ES.
Collapse
|
22
|
Clayton MF, Reblin M, Carlisle M, Ellington L. Communication Behaviors and Patient and Caregiver Emotional Concerns: A Description of Home Hospice Communication. Oncol Nurs Forum 2014; 41:311-21. [DOI: 10.1188/14.onf.311-321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
23
|
Emotional Suppression and Breast Cancer: Validation Research on the Spanish Adaptation of the Courtauld Emotional Control Scale (CECS). SPANISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2013; 13:406-17. [DOI: 10.1017/s1138741600003966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Emotional suppression has played an important role in the research on psychosocial factors related to cancer. It has been argued to be an important psychological factor predicting worse psychosocial adjustment in people with cancer and it may mediate health outcomes. The reference instrument in the research on emotional suppression is the Courtauld Emotional Control Scale (CECS). The present study analysed construct validity of a new Spanish adaptation of the CECS in a sample of 175 breast cancer patients. The results confirmed the proposal by Watson and Greer claiming that the CECS is composed of three subscales that measure different dimensions, but not independent, from emotional control. The present Spanish version of the CECS showed high internal consistency in each subscale as well as the total score. According to Derogatis (BSI-18) criteria, emotional suppression predicts clinically significant distress. In short, our results support the reliability, validity and utility of this Spanish adaptation of the CECS in clinical and research settings.
Collapse
|
24
|
Tamagawa R, Giese-Davis J, Speca M, Doll R, Stephen J, Carlson LE. Trait mindfulness, repression, suppression, and self-reported mood and stress symptoms among women with breast cancer. J Clin Psychol 2012; 69:264-77. [PMID: 23280695 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.21939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study sought to identify relationships between trait mindfulness, repressive, and suppressive emotional styles, and the relative importance of these traits in their association with self-reported psychological health among women with breast cancer. METHOD Of the 277 women with breast cancer accrued in the study, 227 (81.9%) completed a set of questionnaires assessing personality traits, stress symptoms, and mood. RESULTS High levels of mindfulness were associated with fewer stress-related symptoms and less mood disturbance, while high levels of suppression were associated with poorer self-reported health. CONCLUSION Individuals' dispositional ways to manage negative emotions were associated with the experience of symptoms and aversive moods. Helping patients cultivate mindful insights and reduce deliberate emotional inhibition may be a useful focus for psycho-oncological interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rie Tamagawa
- University of Calgary, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Alberta, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Emotional Control in Patients With Opioid Dependence Syndrome and Reported History of Negative Life Events. ADDICTIVE DISORDERS & THEIR TREATMENT 2012. [DOI: 10.1097/adt.0b013e3182273c4d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
26
|
Liang JA, Sun LM, Su KP, Chang SN, Sung FC, Muo CH, Kao CH. A nationwide population-based cohort study: will anxiety disorders increase subsequent cancer risk? PLoS One 2012; 7:e36370. [PMID: 22558450 PMCID: PMC3338669 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to evaluate a possible association between malignancy and anxiety disorders (AD) in Taiwan. Methods We employed data from the National Health Insurance system of Taiwan. The AD cohort contained 24,066 patients with each patient randomly frequency matched according to age and sex with 4 individuals from the general population without AD. Cox's proportional hazard regression analysis was conducted to estimate the influence of AD on the risk of cancer. Results Among patients with AD, the overall risk of developing cancer was only 1% higher than among subjects without AD, and the difference was not significant (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.01, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 0.95–1.07). With regard to individual types of cancer, the risk of developing prostate cancer among male patients with AD was significantly higher (HR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.02–1.71). On the other hand, the risk of cervical cancer among female patients with AD was marginally significantly lower than among female subjects without AD (HR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.51–1.03). Limitations One major limitation is the lack of information regarding the life style or behavior of patients in the NHI database, such as smoking and alcohol consumption. Conclusions Despite the failure to identify a relationship between AD and the overall risk of cancer, we found that Taiwanese patients with AD had a higher risk of developing prostate cancer and a lower risk of developing cervical cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-An Liang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine Science and School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Min Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zuoying Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Pin Su
- Institute of Clinical Medicine Science and School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of General Psychiatry & Mind-Body Interface Laboratory, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ni Chang
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- The Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fung-Chang Sung
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Muo
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (CM); (CK)
| | - Chia-Hung Kao
- Institute of Clinical Medicine Science and School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (CM); (CK)
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Bylsma LM, Croon MA, Vingerhoets A, Rottenberg J. When and for whom does crying improve mood? A daily diary study of 1004 crying episodes. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2011.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
28
|
Zakowski SG, Herzer M, Barrett SD, Milligan JG, Beckman N. Who benefits from emotional expression? An examination of personality differences among gynaecological cancer patients participating in a randomized controlled emotional disclosure intervention trial. Br J Psychol 2011; 102:355-72. [DOI: 10.1348/000712610x524949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
29
|
Rohrmann S, Hennig JÜ, Netter P. Manipulation of Physiological and Emotional Responses to Stress in Repressors and Sensitizers. Psychol Health 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/08870440290025795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
30
|
Schlatter MC, Cameron LD. Emotional Suppression Tendencies as Predictors of Symptoms, Mood, and Coping Appraisals During AC Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer Treatment. Ann Behav Med 2010; 40:15-29. [DOI: 10.1007/s12160-010-9204-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
|
31
|
|
32
|
Ellis D, Cromby J. Inhibition and reappraisal within emotional disclosure: the embodying of narration. COUNSELLING PSYCHOLOGY QUARTERLY 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/09515070903312975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
33
|
Dunn BD, Billotti D, Murphy V, Dalgleish T. The consequences of effortful emotion regulation when processing distressing material: a comparison of suppression and acceptance. Behav Res Ther 2009; 47:761-73. [PMID: 19559401 PMCID: PMC2764381 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2008] [Revised: 05/27/2009] [Accepted: 05/29/2009] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the consequences of different forms of emotion regulation. Eighty nine healthy participants viewed a distressing video of the aftermath of road traffic accidents under either suppression (of both felt and expressed affect), acceptance, or no-regulation control instructions and the immediate and longer-term consequences on emotion, mood, and memory were examined. Suppression (relative to control) led to reduced subjective experience of fear when viewing the video, but did not alter electrodermal (EDA) or heart rate (HR) response. Subsequently, suppression led to a less marked subjective emotional reaction to positive but not negative emotional images, reduced free recall memory of the video, and a greater likelihood of experiencing zero intrusions of the video's content. Acceptance (relative to control) had no impact when viewing the video, was associated with a less marked increase in EDA activity in the 5 min period immediately after viewing the video, a more marked HR deceleration and EDA response to both positive and negative images, and elevated negative affect at one week follow-up. These findings suggest, contrary to the current clinical zeitgeist, that emotion suppression can successfully lead to an ongoing down-regulation of emotion and memory, whereas acceptance may elevate subsequent emotionality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barnaby D Dunn
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Bylsma LM, Vingerhoets AJJM, Rottenberg J. When is Crying Cathartic? An International Study. JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2008. [DOI: 10.1521/jscp.2008.27.10.1165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
35
|
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Vorgestellt wird eine deutsche Adaption des „Berkeley Expressivity Questionnaire” (BEQ; Gross & John, 1995 ). Das Instrument erfasst mit Hilfe von 16 Items ökonomisch drei Dimensionen der Expressivität: Negative Expressivität, Positive Expressivität und Impulsintensität. In Studie 1 (n = 385) wurden mittels konfirmatorischer Faktorenanalyse die interne faktorielle Struktur und die psychometrischen Eigenschaften für die Faktoren des BEQ bestimmt. In einer Längsschnittstudie (Studie 2) wurden die Stabilität und Validität des BEQ untersucht: Zum ersten Messzeitpunkt wurde die selbstberichtete Expressivität von 220 Probanden erhoben. Zum zweiten Messzeitpunkt (sechs Monate später) wurden neben der selbstberichteten Expressivität für jeden Probanden zwei Fremdurteile sowie globale Maße der Persönlichkeit, positive und negative Affektivität und Maße der physischen und psychischen Gesundheit erfasst. Die Dimensionen des BEQ sind zeitlich stabil und positiv mit den Fremdurteilen korreliert. Negative Expressivität und Impulsintensität sind mit Neurotizismus, negativer Affektivität, physischen Beschwerden und Depressivität verbunden. Positive Expressivität ist mit Extraversion, Offenheit und positiver Affektivität assoziiert. Frauen zeigen im Vergleich zu Männern höhere Werte in allen Dimensionen des BEQ, welche mit Alter negativ korreliert sind.
Collapse
|
36
|
Mehl-Madrona L. Narratives of Exceptional Survivors Who Work with Aboriginal Healers. J Altern Complement Med 2008; 14:497-504. [DOI: 10.1089/acm.2007.0578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lewis Mehl-Madrona
- Departments of Family Medicine and Psychiatry, University of Saskatchewan College of Medicine, Saskatoon, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Giese-Davis J, Conrad A, Nouriani B, Spiegel D. Exploring Emotion-Regulation and Autonomic Physiology in Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients: Repression, Suppression, and Restraint of Hostility. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2008; 44:226-237. [PMID: 18461119 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2007.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We examined relationships between three emotion-regulation constructs and autonomic physiology in metastatic breast cancer patients (N = 31). Autonomic measures are not often studied in breast cancer patients and may provide evidence of an increase in allostatic load. Patients included participated as part of a larger clinical trial of supportive-expressive group therapy. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate were assessed at a semi-annual follow-up. We averaged 3 resting assessments and used measures of Repression, Suppression, Restraint of Hostility, and Body Mass Index as predictors of autonomic response. We found that higher repression was significantly associated with higher diastolic blood pressure, while higher restraint of hostility was significantly associated with higher systolic blood pressure. A repressive emotion regulation style may be a risk factor for higher sympathetic activation possibly increasing allostatic load, while restraint of hostility may be a protective factor for women with metastatic breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janine Giese-Davis
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, California 94305
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Chawla N, Ostafin B. Experiential avoidance as a functional dimensional approach to psychopathology: an empirical review. J Clin Psychol 2007; 63:871-90. [PMID: 17674402 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.20400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 400] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The construct of experiential avoidance has become more frequently used by clinical researchers. Experiential avoidance involves the unwillingness to remain in contact with private experiences such as painful thoughts and emotions and is often proposed to be critical to the development and maintenance of psychopathology. This review summarizes the empirical studies on experiential avoidance as a factor in the etiology of maladaptive behavior and its relationship to specific diagnostic categories. Although some of the current literature suggests that experiential avoidance may be implicated in various forms of psychopathology, a fundamental limitation of this research is the lack of theoretical integration and refinement with regard to operationalizing and assessing experiential avoidance. Future studies should attempt to understand the core processes involved in experiential avoidance better, and then clearly operationalize the construct and determine its incremental validity relative to other constructs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neharika Chawla
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1525, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Mann S. Expectations of emotional display in the workplace. LEADERSHIP & ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT JOURNAL 2007. [DOI: 10.1108/01437730710780985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
40
|
Lehto US, Ojanen M, Dyba T, Aromaa A, Kellokumpu-Lehtinen P. Baseline psychosocial predictors of survival in localized melanoma. J Psychosom Res 2007; 63:9-15. [PMID: 17586333 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2007.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2005] [Revised: 01/02/2007] [Accepted: 01/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is no certainty about the contributing factors or the psychological processes involved in cancer progression. Many studies have suffered from poor theoretical basis, methodological flaws, and only one or few psychosocial factors investigated at a time. We examined the simultaneous contribution of several theory-based psychosocial elements to survival time in melanoma. METHODS A consecutive sample of patients with localized (Clarke II-IV) melanoma (N=59) were evaluated with validated questionnaires on coping with cancer, anger expression, perceived social support, noncancer life stresses, and domains of quality of life (QOL) 3-4 months after diagnosis. Cox regression analyses were used to determine the predictors of survival time from the date of diagnosis to the date of death or the last follow-up. RESULTS After controlling for age, gender, and Breslow depth for the tumor, the baseline psychological variables related to the cancer-prone Type C response pattern, namely, anger nonexpression (repression), hopelessness, and better single-item self-reported QOL predicted shorter survival. Before hopelessness was added to the model, the amount of depressive symptoms and heavy perceived impact of diagnosis were also predictive. In addition, longer survival was strongly predicted by Cognitive Escape-Avoidance coping, which included items close to the concept of denial/minimizing. CONCLUSION Anger nonexpression, hopelessness, and overpositive reporting of QOL--all proposed to include in the Type C response style or reflect emotional nonexpression--seem to comprise a set of factors that reduce survival, whereas denial/minimizing response to the diagnosis as such predicts longer survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulla-Sisko Lehto
- University of Tampere, Medical School, and Department of Oncology, Tampere University Hospital, Finland.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Cameron LD, Booth RJ, Schlatter M, Ziginskas D, Harman JE. Changes in emotion regulation and psychological adjustment following use of a group psychosocial support program for women recently diagnosed with breast cancer. Psychooncology 2007; 16:171-80. [PMID: 16858670 DOI: 10.1002/pon.1050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
This study assesses the efficacy of a group intervention in altering emotion regulation processes and promoting adjustment in women with breast cancer. Using a design with 10 alternating phases of availability of the intervention versus standard care, we assessed women participating in one of three conditions: a 12-week group intervention (N = 54); a decliner group who refused the intervention (N = 56), and a standard care group who were not offered the intervention (N = 44). The intervention included training in relaxation, guided imagery, meditation, emotional expression, and exercises promoting control beliefs and benefit-finding. Emotion regulation processes and adjustment were assessed at baseline (following diagnosis), 4 months (corresponding with the end of the intervention), 6 months, and 12 months. At 4 months, intervention participants (compared to decliners and standard care participants) reported greater increases in use of relaxation-oriented techniques, perceived control, emotional well-being, and coping efficacy, and, greater decreases in perceived risk of recurrence, cancer worry, and anxiety. Intervention participants also reported relatively greater decreases in emotional suppression from baseline to 12 months, suggesting that the intervention had a delayed impact on these tendencies. The findings suggest an emotion regulation intervention can beneficially influence emotional experiences and regulation over the first year following diagnosis.
Collapse
|
42
|
Baker R, Thomas S, Thomas PW, Owens M. Development of an emotional processing scale. J Psychosom Res 2007; 62:167-78. [PMID: 17270575 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2006.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2005] [Revised: 07/04/2006] [Accepted: 09/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to report on the development and preliminary psychometric evaluation of an emotional processing scale, a 38-item self-report questionnaire designed to identify emotional processing styles and deficits. METHODS An initial item pool derived from a conceptual model and clinical observations was piloted on clinical and community samples (n=150). The resulting 45-item scale was administered to patients with psychological problems, psychosomatic disorders, and physical disease, and to healthy individuals (n=460). Exploratory factor analysis was used to explore the underlying factor structure. RESULTS Maximum likelihood factor analysis yielded an eight-factor solution relating to styles of emotional experience (Lack of Attunement, Discordant, and Externalized), mechanisms controlling the experience and expression of emotions (Suppression, Dissociation, Avoidance, and Uncontrolled), and signs of inadequate processing (Intrusion). Internal reliability was moderate to high for six of eight factors. Preliminary findings suggested satisfactory convergent validity. DISCUSSION Overall, the psychometric properties of this scale appear promising. Work is in progress to refine the scale by incorporating additional items and by conducting further psychometric evaluations on new samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roger Baker
- Dorset Research and Development Support Unit, Poole Hospital NHS Trust, Poole, Dorset, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Owen JE, Giese-Davis J, Cordova M, Kronenwetter C, Golant M, Spiegel D. Self-report and linguistic indicators of emotional expression in narratives as predictors of adjustment to cancer. J Behav Med 2006; 29:335-45. [PMID: 16845583 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-006-9061-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Emotional expression and cognitive efforts to adapt to cancer have been linked to better psychological adjustment. However, little is known about the relationship between linguistic indicators of emotional and cognitive coping efforts and corresponding self-report measures of related constructs. In this study, we sought to evaluate the interrelationships between self-reports of emotional suppression and linguistic indicators of emotional and cognitive coping efforts in those living with cancer. Seventy-one individuals attending a community cancer support group completed measures of emotional suppression and mood disturbance and provided a written narrative describing their cancer experience. Self-reports of emotional suppression were associated with more rather than less distress. Although linguistic indicators of both emotional expression and cognitive processing were generally uncorrelated with self-report measures of emotional suppression and mood disturbance, a significant interaction was observed between emotional suppression and use of cognitive words on mood disturbance. Among those using higher levels of emotional suppression, increasing use of cognitive words was associated with greater levels of mood disturbance. These findings have implications for a) the therapeutic use of emotion in psychosocial interventions and b) the use of computer-assisted technologies to conduct content analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason E Owen
- Department of Psychology, Loma Linda University, 11130 Anderson Street, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Giese-Davis J, DiMiceli S, Sephton S, Spiegel D. Emotional expression and diurnal cortisol slope in women with metastatic breast cancer in supportive-expressive group therapy: a preliminary study. Biol Psychol 2006; 73:190-8. [PMID: 16750288 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2006.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2005] [Revised: 03/29/2006] [Accepted: 04/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We examined coded emotional expression during an initial therapy session and its association with a known physiological risk factor for early death, aberrant diurnal cortisol slope, in women with metastatic breast cancer. Out of 64 women with metastatic breast cancer randomized to a multi-site clinical intervention trial of supportive-expressive group therapy (SET), a subsample of 29 met eligibility criteria for this study. We tested whether longer mean durations of primary negative affect (fear, sadness, and anger) expression were associated with steeper diurnal cortisol slopes after adjusting for speaking time, repressive-defensiveness, anxiety, and the interaction between repressive-defensiveness and anxiety. We found that steeper cortisol slopes were related to lower repressive-defensiveness and greater primary negative affect expression in line with a priori hypotheses. Additionally we explored whether coded positive affect, defensive/hostile affect, constrained anger, and the interaction between primary negative affect and repressive-defensiveness explained additional variance in diurnal cortisol patterns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janine Giese-Davis
- Stanford University, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford, CA 94305-5718, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Lehto US, Ojanen M, Dyba T, Aromaa A, Kellokumpu-Lehtinen P. Baseline psychosocial predictors of survival in localised breast cancer. Br J Cancer 2006; 94:1245-52. [PMID: 16670704 PMCID: PMC3216461 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2005] [Revised: 03/13/2006] [Accepted: 03/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the large number of studies on the impact of psychosocial factors on breast cancer progression, there is no certainty about the contributing factors or processes involved. We investigated the relative impacts of socioeconomic, psychological, and psychosocial factors on survival in breast cancer. A consecutive sample of 102 patients (participation 82%) under 72 years of age with locoregional breast cancer completed validated questionnaires on coping with cancer, emotional expression (anger), perceived available support, noncancer life stresses, and quality of life 3-4 months after diagnosis. Survival times were measured from the date of diagnosis to the date of relapse and further to the date of death or date of last follow-up. Cumulative Cox regression analyses were carried out. After controlling for biological prognostic factors, age, and baseline treatment, longer survival was predicted by a long education and a minimising-related coping, while shorter survival was predicted by emotional defensiveness (antiemotionality), behavioural-escape coping, and a high level of perceived support. A shorter event-free time was also predicted by unemployment and depressive symptoms. Cancer survival is affected by a complex combination of psychosocial factors, among which minimising predicts a favourable prognosis and anger nonexpression and escape behaviour an unfavourable prognosis. Higher socioeconomic status is associated with longer survival. High scores in well-being scales may reflect emotional nonexpression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- U-S Lehto
- Department of Oncology, Medical School, University of Tampere, Helsinki, and Tampere University Hospital, Pikonlinna, Finland.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Thomas E, Moss-Morris R, Faquhar C. Coping with emotions and abuse history in women with chronic pelvic pain. J Psychosom Res 2006; 60:109-12. [PMID: 16380318 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2005.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2004] [Accepted: 04/19/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate whether past abuse and the tendency to repress or suppress unwanted thoughts and emotions contribute to the experience of pain in patients with chronic pelvic pain (CPP). METHODS A group of CPP patients without endometriosis and a group with endometriosis were compared with a pain-free control group. Participants completed measures of pain, emotional repression, suppression of unwanted thoughts and emotions, and past abuse history. RESULTS Both CPP groups were more likely to be emotional suppressors when compared with the control group and reported significantly higher levels of thought suppression and abuse. Endometriosis patients were also more likely to be repressors of emotions when compared with controls. Suppression but not repression was related to higher levels of abuse and pain. CONCLUSION Suppression of unwanted thoughts and emotions and past abuse distinguishes CPP patients from healthy controls. Assisting patients to express distressing emotions may impact on pain levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ethne Thomas
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
Chinese persons are not known as strong in expressing emotions, especially negative ones. However, being diagnosed with cancer and going through treatment can be an emotionally traumatic experience and cancer patients are supposed to have a stronger need to express these negative feelings. The control of expression of negative emotions such as anger, anxiety and depression in Chinese female cancer survivors (n=139) was examined in the present study using the Chinese version of the Courtauld Emotional Control Scale (CECS). The reliability, internal consistency and validity of the Chinese CECS were comparable to the original English scale. Correlation analyses suggested that cancer survivors with higher emotional control tended to have higher stress, anxiety and depression levels and to adopt negative coping with cancer. Regression analysis showed that emotional control would positively predict stress level even after the effect of depressed mood was under control. Further investigations are suggested in order to elucidate the causal relationships and specific cultural factors affecting emotional control in Chinese cancer survivors and, most importantly, its effect on health outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rainbow T H Ho
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Iwamitsu Y, Shimoda K, Abe H, Tani T, Okawa M, Buck R. Anxiety, Emotional Suppression, and Psychological Distress Before and After Breast Cancer Diagnosis. PSYCHOSOMATICS 2005; 46:19-24. [PMID: 15765817 DOI: 10.1176/appi.psy.46.1.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The authors examined the influence of anxiety and emotional suppression on psychological distress in 21 patients with breast cancer and 72 patients with benign breast tumor. The patients with breast cancer who suppressed emotion and had chronically high levels of anxiety felt higher levels of emotional distress both before and after the diagnosis. Such patients need psychological interventions, including encouragement to express and communicate their emotions, immediately after disclosure of the diagnosis to help maintain psychological adjustment in the face of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Iwamitsu
- Department of Medical Psychology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Iwamitsu Y, Shimoda K, Abe H, Tani T, Okawa M, Buck R. The relation between negative emotional suppression and emotional distress in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2005; 18:201-15. [PMID: 16187928 DOI: 10.1207/s15327027hc1803_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Our objective was to investigate differences in emotional distress between negative emotional suppression and expression patients in the progress of medical treatment, including the operation. We studied the differences in affective response between patients who suppress negative emotion and those who express negative emotion by using Profile of Mood States (McNair, Lorr, & Droppleman, 1971) at four sessions: (a) at the first visit to the clinic, (b) immediately after being told the diagnosis of breast cancer, (c) after the operation, and (d) at 3 months after discharge. Our results showed that emotional suppression patients tended to report more emotional distress (in particular, anxiety, depression, and anger) than did emotional expression patients on 3 sessions, the exception being after the operation. Also, patients who suppress anger and anxiety felt strong psychological distress. We suggest that it is essential to encourage suppressive patients to express both negative and positive emotion clearly and appropriately.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Iwamitsu
- Department of Medical Psychology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, kanagawa, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Cunningham AJ, Watson K. How psychological therapy may prolong survival in cancer patients: new evidence and a simple theory. Integr Cancer Ther 2004; 3:214-29. [PMID: 15312263 DOI: 10.1177/1534735404267553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This article presents new data and attempts to draw together converging lines of evidence on the mental attributes that may favor prolonged survival in the face of metastatic cancer. The authors interviewed 10 individuals with medically incurable cancers who had outlived their prognoses by from 2.2 to 12.5 years (and have all survived, a further 2 more years in most cases, between interview and publication). The authors derived, by qualitative analysis, a number of themes common to most or all of them. Three major qualities emerged: "authenticity," or a clear understanding of what was important in one's life; "autonomy," the perceived freedom to shape life around what was valued; and "acceptance," a perceived change in mental state to enhanced self-esteem, greater tolerance for and emotional closeness to others, and an affective experience described as more peaceful and joyous. Previous descriptions of "remarkable survivors" have suffered from a serious limitation: the research to date has not clarified to what extent they differed psychologically from their many peers who did not survive. The authors attempted to address this question in 2 ways. Six of the subjects were part of a protocol (the Healing Journey study) in which patients belonged to a larger group, all of whom were medically assessed prospectively, by an expert panel. A prediction of the likely duration of survival was made for each of the patients in this study, and it could be shown that those who subsequently survived were not a random sample of the whole but displayed a much higher degree of early involvement in their psychological self-help than did most of their nonsurviving peers. They also compared long survivors with 2 other groups: 6 individuals with similar diseases who had not yet received psychological help and 6 individuals from the Healing Journey study whose survival duration was at the lower end of the whole group. The patients in these comparison groups also lacked many of the most salient qualities identified among the long survivors. Many of the attributes found in the long survivors were, however, also noted in the earlier reports of remarkable survivors in the literature, which suggests that the observations may be generalizable. Putting these joint findings together with the early work of Temoshok on "type C" adaptation as a risk factor for cancer, one can see that there is a mirrored symmetry between the psychological patterns possibly promoting disease and the changed adaptations that may lead to longer survival in some cases. The authors arrive at a commonsense hypothesis: to the extent that the progression of cancer, or other chronic disease, is favored by a distorted psychological adaptation such as type C, healing may be assisted by a reversal of that adaptation--in the case of cancer, toward greater authenticity of thought and action.
Collapse
|